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id stringlengths 13 34	paragraphs listlengths 16 20	question stringlengths 29 283	answer stringlengths 1 100	answer_aliases listlengths 0 10	context stringlengths 577 17.4k	citations listlengths 2 4
3hop1__31942_66386_158272	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States has a capitalist mixed economy which is fueled by abundant natural resources and high productivity. According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).The nominal GDP of the U.S. is estimated to be $17.528 trillion as of 2014. From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the G7. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita according to the United Nations (first in the Americas) and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP. The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.The United States is the largest importer of goods and second-largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export. Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt. The largest holder of the U.S. debt are American entities, including federal government accounts and the Federal Reserve, who hold the majority of the debt.", "title": "United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug - of - war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 19 UN member states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (175) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One - China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.", "title": "Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $140 billion in 2017 dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning on April 8, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war - torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernise industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of Communism. The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, trade union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of ``189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. ''Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1944 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. As of 2016, the fund had SDR 477 billion (about $666 billion).", "title": "International Monetary Fund" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2013, Governor Rick Snyder declared a financial emergency in the city, stating that the city has a $327 million budget deficit and faces more than $14 billion in long-term debt. It has been making ends meet on a month-to-month basis with the help of bond money held in a state escrow account and has instituted mandatory unpaid days off for many city workers. Those troubles, along with underfunded city services, such as police and fire departments, and ineffective turnaround plans from Bing and the City Council led the state of Michigan to appoint an emergency manager for Detroit on March 14, 2013. On June 14, 2013 Detroit defaulted on $2.5 billion of debt by withholding $39.7 million in interest payments, while Emergency Manager Kevyn Orr met with bondholders and other creditors in an attempt to restructure the city's $18.5 billion debt and avoid bankruptcy. On July 18, 2013, the City of Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection. It was declared bankrupt by U.S. judge Stephen Rhodes on December 3, with its $18.5 billion debt he said in accepting the city's contention that it is broke and that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were infeasible.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2009, the World Trade Organization (WTO) reported France was the world's sixth largest exporter and the fourth largest importer of manufactured goods. As of 2016, the World Factbook ranked France seventh largest exporter. In 2008, France was the third largest recipient of foreign direct investment among OECD countries at $118 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located there) and the United States ($316 billion), but above the United Kingdom ($96.9 billion), Germany ($25 billion), or Japan ($24 billion). In the same year, French companies invested $220 billion outside France, ranking France as the second largest outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($311 billion), and ahead of the UK ($111 billion), Japan ($128 billion) and Germany ($157 billion).Financial services, banking and the insurance sector are an important part of the economy. Three largest financial institutions cooperatively owned by their customers are located in France. The Paris stock exchange (French: La Bourse de Paris) is an old institution, created by Louis XV in 1724. In 2000, the stock exchanges of Paris, Amsterdam and Brussels merged into Euronext. In 2007, Euronext merged with the New York stock exchange to form NYSE Euronext, the world's largest stock exchange. Euronext Paris, the French branch of the NYSE Euronext group is Europe's 2nd largest stock exchange market, behind the London Stock Exchange.", "title": "France" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., of ``189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. ''Formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. As of 2016, the fund had SDR 477 billion (about $668 billion).", "title": "International Monetary Fund" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt and east of Greece.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ministry of Science and Technology Emblem of India Central overview Formed May 1971 Jurisdiction India Headquarters New Delhi Annual budget 2.1 billion US dollar (2017) Minister responsible Dr. Harsh Vardhan Central executive, Minister of Science and Technology Website dst.gov.in", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology (India)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 573, adopted on 4 October 1985, after hearing a complaint by Tunisia, the Council condemned an air raid on the country by the Air Force of Israel on 1 October. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) headquarters was targeted in the attack, after Israel had responded to the murder of three Israeli citizens in Cyprus.", "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 573" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division \"does not forcibly reflect geography\" but \"refers to the execution of regional activities.\" The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the height of the European debt crisis 2011-2012, Joe Lynam was business correspondent with Newsnight and travelled to Cyprus, Spain, Belgium, Italy and Ireland to cover the sense of fear in many Eurozone countries.", "title": "Joe Lynam" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a sovereign country (2016), Texas would be the 10th largest economy in the world by GDP (ahead of South Korea and Canada). Texas's household income was $48,259 in 2010 ranking 25th in the nation. The state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $121.7 billion, or $7,400 per taxpayer. Texas has the second largest population in the country after California.", "title": "Economy of Texas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ACA International, formerly American Collectors Association, is a trade group located in the United States representing collection agencies, creditors, debt buyers, collection attorneys and debt collection industry service providers. The organization was founded in 1939 as the American Collectors Association and changed its name to ACA International in 2001. ACA is based in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Washington, D.C.", "title": "ACA International" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $100 billion in 2016 US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning on April 3, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war - torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of Communism. The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, trade union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In terms of ship categories, Greek companies have 22.6% of the world's tankers and 16.1% of the world's bulk carriers (in dwt). An additional equivalent of 27.45% of the world's tanker dwt is on order, with another 12.7% of bulk carriers also on order. Shipping accounts for an estimated 6% of Greek GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit. Earnings from shipping amounted to €14.1 billion in 2011, while between 2000 and 2010 Greek shipping contributed a total of €140 billion (half of the country's public debt in 2009 and 3.5 times the receipts from the European Union in the period 2000–2013). The 2011 ECSA report showed that there are approximately 750 Greek shipping companies in operation.", "title": "Economy of Greece" } ]	How much debt in billions does the country where the headquarters of the organization that recognizes Cyprus' sovereignty is located have in trade?	635	[]	Title: United States Passage: The United States has a capitalist mixed economy which is fueled by abundant natural resources and high productivity. According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).The nominal GDP of the U.S. is estimated to be $17.528 trillion as of 2014. From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the G7. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita according to the United Nations (first in the Americas) and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP. The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.The United States is the largest importer of goods and second-largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export. Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt. The largest holder of the U.S. debt are American entities, including federal government accounts and the Federal Reserve, who hold the majority of the debt. Title: Cyprus Passage: Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus. Title: Headquarters of the United Nations Passage: The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.	[ "United States", "Cyprus", "Headquarters of the United Nations" ]
3hop1__13741_96305_25007	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mountainville Grange Hall is located on NY 32 just south of the hamlet of Mountainville in the town of Cornwall, Orange County, New York, United States. Built in 1904, the Grange sold it in 1984 to the Jerusalem Temple Lodge No. 721, a local Masonic body, and renamed the Cornwall Masonic Temple.", "title": "Mountainville Grange Hall" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date February -- August 3, 70 CE Location Jerusalem, Judaea 31 ° 46 ′ 41 ''N 35 ° 14 ′ 9'' E / 31.77806 ° N 35.23583 ° E / 31.77806; 35.23583 Coordinates: 31 ° 46 ′ 41 ''N 35 ° 14 ′ 9'' E / 31.77806 ° N 35.23583 ° E / 31.77806; 35.23583 Result Roman victory Main rebel Judean forces subdued. Temple of Jerusalem destroyed. Territorial changes Roman rule of Jerusalem restored", "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now \"firmly established\" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pantheon (/ ˈpænθiən / or US: / ˈpænθiɒn /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, ``(temple) of all the gods '') is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC -- 14 AD). The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. He retained Agrippa's original inscription, which has caused confusion over its date of construction as the original Pantheon burned down, so it is not certain when the present one was built.", "title": "Pantheon, Rome" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period: The city covered two square kilometers (0.8 sq mi.) and had a population of 200,000. In the five centuries following the Bar Kokhba revolt in the 2nd century, the city remained under Roman then Byzantine rule. During the 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine I constructed Christian sites in Jerusalem such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.", "title": "History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The siege ended on August 30, 70 CE with the burning and destruction of its Second Temple, and the Romans entered and sacked the Lower City. The destruction of both the first and second temples is still mourned annually as the Jewish fast Tisha B'Av. The Arch of Titus, celebrating the Roman sack of Jerusalem and the Temple, still stands in Rome. The conquest of the city was complete on September 8, 70 CE.", "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple. There is no record of what became of the Ark in the Books of Kings and Chronicles. An ancient Greek version of the biblical third Book of Ezra, 1 Esdras, suggests that Babylonians took away the vessels of the ark of God, but does not mention taking away the Ark:", "title": "Ark of the Covenant" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Flusser (Hebrew: דוד פלוסר; born 1917; died 2000) was an Israeli professor of Early Christianity and Judaism of the Second Temple Period at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "title": "David Flusser" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the \"Galilean madness\" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the \"irrational impieties\" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as primus inter pares ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Second Temple בית ־ המקדש השני Model of Herod's Temple (a renovation of the Second Temple) in the Israel Museum, created in 1966 as part of the Holyland Model of Jerusalem. The model was inspired by the writings of Josephus. Alternate name Herod's Temple Location Jerusalem 31 ° 46 ′ 41 ''N 35 ° 14 ′ 07'' E / 31.778013 ° N 35.235367 ° E / 31.778013; 35.235367 Type Temple Part of Herodian Temple Mount Height 45.72 metres (150.0 ft) History Builder Likely Zerubbabel, largely renovated by Herod the Great. Material local limestone Founded c. 537 -- 516 BCE (construction) Abandoned 70 CE (destroyed) Periods Early Roman Empire Site notes Excavation dates 1930, 1967, 1968, 1970 -- 1978, 1996 -- 1999, 2007 Archaeologists Charles Warren, Benjamin Mazar, Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron, Yaakov Billig Condition Ruin, archaeological park Ownership Disputed, currently managed by the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf Public access Yes (limited)", "title": "Second Temple" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wat Yanasangwararam Woramahawihan is a temple constructed in 1976 for Somdet Phra Yanasangwon, the present supreme patriarch. Within the temple compound are a replica of the Buddha's footprint, and a large chedi containing Buddha relics.", "title": "Pattaya" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 66 CE, the Jewish population rebelled against the Roman Empire in what is now known as the First Jewish -- Roman War or Great Revolt. Roman legions under future emperor Titus reconquered and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Also the Second Temple was burnt and all that remained was the great external (retaining) walls supporting the esplanade on which the Temple had stood, a portion of which has become known as the Western Wall. Titus' victory is commemorated by the Arch of Titus in Rome. Agrippa II died c. 94 CE, which brought the Herodian dynasty to an end almost thirty years after the destruction of the Second Temple. After the end of this revolt, Jews continued to live in Jerusalem in significant numbers, and were allowed to practice their religion, only if they paid the Jewish Tax.", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zion (Hebrew: צִיּוֹן ‎ ‎ Tsiyyon), also transliterated Sion, Sayon, Syon, Tzion or Tsion, is a placename often used as a synonym for Jerusalem. The word is first found in 2 Samuel 5: 7 which dates from c. 630 -- 540 BC according to modern scholarship. It commonly referred to a specific hill in Jerusalem, (Mount Zion) located to the south of Mount Moriah or the Temple Mount, on which stood a Jebusite fortress of the same name that was conquered by David and was named the City of David. The hill (``mount '') is one of the many squat hills that form Jerusalem, to include the Mount of Olives etc. In the past many centuries, that was the only section of Jerusalem inside city wall that was the Jewish quarter.", "title": "Zion" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FIBT World Championships 1967 took place in Alpe d'Huez, France for the second time, having hosted the event previously in 1951. The Four-man bobsleigh event was cancelled for the second consecutive year though the cause this time was due to high temperatures that caused the ice on the track to melt rather than a competitor's death as had happened in the previous championship. This was the test event for the bobsleigh events for the Winter Olympics that would take place the following year in neighboring Grenoble.", "title": "FIBT World Championships 1967" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Most Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on December 25 (or various dates in January by some eastern churches) as Christmas. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter. The widely used calendar era \"AD\", from the Latin \"anno Domini\" (\"in the year of the Lord\"), and the equivalent alternative \"CE\", are based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.", "title": "Jesus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death''), the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem.", "title": "Rigor mortis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms to a migraine headache include temporal arteritis, cluster headaches, acute glaucoma, meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Temporal arteritis typically occurs in people over 50 years old and presents with tenderness over the temple, cluster headaches presents with one-sided nose stuffiness, tears and severe pain around the orbits, acute glaucoma is associated with vision problems, meningitis with fevers, and subarachnoid hemorrhage with a very fast onset. Tension headaches typically occur on both sides, are not pounding, and are less disabling.Those with stable headaches that meet criteria for migraines should not receive neuroimaging to look for other intracranial disease. This requires that other concerning findings such as papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) are not present. People with migraines are not at an increased risk of having another cause for severe headaches.", "title": "Migraine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After Mary continued in the \"blood of her purifying\" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – \"As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord\" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and \"returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth\".[Luke 2:39]", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" } ]	Do non-Christians agree that the cause of death of the figure who presented at the Temple in Jeresulem happened?	the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be	[ "Jesus Christ", "Christ", "God the Son", "Jesus" ]	Title: Crucifixion of Jesus Passage: The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified. Title: Jesus Passage: Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Most Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on December 25 (or various dates in January by some eastern churches) as Christmas. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter. The widely used calendar era "AD", from the Latin "anno Domini" ("in the year of the Lord"), and the equivalent alternative "CE", are based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and "returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth".[Luke 2:39]	[ "Crucifixion of Jesus", "Jesus", "Mary, mother of Jesus" ]
2hop__129919_66008	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auburn High School is a public high school located in Rockford, Illinois, US, housing close to 2,000 ninth- through twelfth-grade students living in the Rockford school district.", "title": "Auburn High School (Rockford, Illinois)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Corson is an unincorporated community in Brandon Township, Minnehaha County, South Dakota, United States with a population of 70. It lies immediately north of Interstate 90 and Brandon on South Dakota Highway 11. Once mainly a railroad and farming community, it is becoming an industrial area supporting the county. Sioux Falls is located twelve miles west-southwest of the community.", "title": "Corson, South Dakota" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dakota Prairie High School is part of a school district that covers a portion of Nelson County, North Dakota. It includes the towns of McVille, Michigan City, Tolna, Aneta, Pekin, Kloten, Dahlen, Hamar, Niagera, and Petersburg. There are 177 students currently at Dakota Prairie High School. Dakota Prairie High School is considered a \"Class B\" school in North Dakota.", "title": "Dakota Prairie High School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crestwood High School, on Colonel Drive (Dunwoody, Georgia, United States) in what is now known as Sandy Springs, opened in the Fall of 1972 to relieve overcrowding at nearby Roswell High School and North Springs High School.", "title": "Crestwood High School (Georgia)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taft High School, also known as Taft High 7–12, is a public high school and middle school located in Lincoln City, Oregon, United States. It is one of five high schools in the Lincoln County School District. It serves students from seventh through twelfth grade. It is named for Taft, one of the communities that combined to form Lincoln City in 1965.", "title": "Taft High School (Lincoln City, Oregon)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Voorhees High School is a four-year public high school located in Lebanon Township, New Jersey, named for Foster McGowan Voorhees, the 30th Governor of New Jersey. It is one of two high schools in the North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from six municipalities in northern Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1977.", "title": "Voorhees High School" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kemper was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1941 to 1944. He was a Republican. Kemper was elected from Sioux Falls, where he had lived.", "title": "A. H. Kemper" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Honeoye Falls–Lima Central School District (HFLCSD) serves a student population of 2,748 in New York state. The district includes four schools located on separate sites: Lima Elementary (K–5); Manor Elementary (K–5); Middle School (6–8); and High School (9–12).", "title": "Honeoye Falls–Lima Central School District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Falls High School is a public high school located in International Falls, Minnesota. The school's class ring design is the oldest class ring tradition in the United States, dating back to 1929. As of 2014 approximately 600 students attend classes in the school. Every grade level ranges from 70-100 students. In the Fall of 2014 the school changed policies and changed over from a 6 period day to a 7 period day. The students have 5 minutes between each class to maneuver to the next one.", "title": "Falls High School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Secret Cities is an independent rock band from North Dakota. Its founding members, Charles Gokey and Marie J. Parker, met at a band camp in July 2001, while in high school. Although the two lived 500 km apart, in Fargo, North Dakota and Williston, North Dakota, respectively, the two started making music by exchanging tapes in the mail and composing using four-track recorders. They continued in this fashion until February 2004, when the pair changed their name to The Foliage and put out their first release on Fall Records, a split with In Ink Please entitled \"How to Make Better Love.\" In July 2005 the band released a mini-LP, \"Zurich\" on Fall Records under the moniker The White Foliage. The group also added a third member, Alex Abnos, during a tour of the Midwest in that year.", "title": "Secret Cities" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grover Cleveland High School or Cleveland High School is the name of several public high schools in the United States, named—except as noted—for President Grover Cleveland:", "title": "Cleveland High School" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walsh Jesuit High School is a private, Jesuit high school in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1964, the school was funded by a gift from and named after Cornelius and Jane Walsh.", "title": "Walsh Jesuit High School" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seabreeze High School is a public high school located in Daytona Beach, Florida. The school was named a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence in 1989.", "title": "Seabreeze High School" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westerly High School is a public high school located in Westerly, Rhode Island, United States. The school is part of Westerly Public Schools.", "title": "Westerly High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Klamath County ( KLAM-əth) is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 66,380. The county seat is Klamath Falls. The county was named for the Klamath, the tribe of Native Americans living in the area at the time the first European explorers entered the region.", "title": "Klamath County, Oregon" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "W. Tresper Clarke High School is a high school in Westbury (technically in Salisbury) New York, United States. It is operated by the East Meadow Union Free School District, also known as the East Meadow School District. The school serves students living in Salisbury, or South Westbury; East Meadow; and Levittown, New York. Named after William Tresper Clarke, a former president of the East Meadow School Board, the school opened in 1957.", "title": "W. Tresper Clarke High School" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manchester High School Central is the oldest public high school in the state of New Hampshire. Located in the heart of Manchester, New Hampshire, approximately 2,100 students attend from communities such as Candia, Hooksett, and Manchester. The name was changed from Manchester High School in 1922 when Manchester West High School opened. Including Central, Manchester has a total of three public high schools.", "title": "Manchester Central High School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Eastern Dakota are the Santee (Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ - athi; ``knife ''+`` encampment'', ''dwells at the place of knife flint''), who reside in the eastern Dakotas, central Minnesota and northern Iowa. They have federally recognized tribes established in several places.", "title": "Dakota people" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gooding High School is a public high school located in Gooding, Idaho, United States. It is the main high school operated by the Gooding School District.", "title": "Gooding High School" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond Hill High School (RHHS) is a public high school in Richmond Hill, Georgia, United States, which teaches grades 9-12. RHHS is located in the center of Richmond Hill at 1 Wildcat Drive, which is named after the school's mascot.", "title": "Richmond Hill High School (Georgia)" } ]	What region of the state where Falls High School is located did the Dakota tribe live in?	central Minnesota	[ "Minnesota" ]	Title: Dakota people Passage: The Eastern Dakota are the Santee (Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ - athi; ``knife ''+`` encampment'', ''dwells at the place of knife flint''), who reside in the eastern Dakotas, central Minnesota and northern Iowa. They have federally recognized tribes established in several places. Title: Auburn High School (Rockford, Illinois) Passage: Auburn High School is a public high school located in Rockford, Illinois, US, housing close to 2,000 ninth- through twelfth-grade students living in the Rockford school district. Title: Falls High School Passage: Falls High School is a public high school located in International Falls, Minnesota. The school's class ring design is the oldest class ring tradition in the United States, dating back to 1929. As of 2014 approximately 600 students attend classes in the school. Every grade level ranges from 70-100 students. In the Fall of 2014 the school changed policies and changed over from a 6 period day to a 7 period day. The students have 5 minutes between each class to maneuver to the next one.	[ "Falls High School", "Dakota people" ]
2hop__404266_140916	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Crowd Rules is an American competition/reality television series, created for and first telecast by the cable channel CNBC for its United States audience. On each episode, three small businesses appeal for the support of a studio audience \"crowd\" of 100. An audience vote at the end of each program determines which of the companies receives a $50,000 grant to support the growth of its business.", "title": "Crowd Rules" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crowd Goes Wild is a 30-minute sports entertainment show broadcast on New Zealand nationwide television channel Prime TV. The show premiered on Monday 26 June 2006.", "title": "The Crowd Goes Wild" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Joey Bishop Show is an American talk show that had its first broadcast on ABC on April 17, 1967, hosted by Joey Bishop and featuring Regis Philbin in his first ongoing role with national television exposure, as Bishop's sidekick/announcer (similar to Ed McMahon's job with Johnny Carson). Created to challenge \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\", the show lasted 33 months, with the last show airing on December 26, 1969.", "title": "The Joey Bishop Show (talk show)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tonight Show began broadcasting in 1954. It has had six official hosts, beginning with Steve Allen (1954 -- 57), followed by Jack Paar (1957 -- 62), Johnny Carson (1962 -- 92), Jay Leno (1992 -- 2009, 2010 -- 14), Conan O'Brien (2009 -- 10), and Jimmy Fallon (2014 -- present). It has had several recurring guest hosts, a practice especially common during the Paar and Carson eras.", "title": "The Tonight Show" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Business Tonight is a business news talk show on CNBC until c. October 1997. The show was hosted by Sue Herera.", "title": "Business Tonight" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piers Morgan Live (formerly known as Piers Morgan Tonight) is an American television talk show that was hosted by Piers Morgan and broadcast on CNN. The show premiered on January 17, 2011, and filled in the former \"Larry King Live\" timeslot. It was announced as cancelled on February 23, 2014, after a continuous drop in ratings, and broadcast its last episode on March 28, 2014.", "title": "Piers Morgan Live" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1962 Scottish Television gave them their own show, \"The Adventures of Francie and Josie\" which also starred Clement Ashby, Glen Michael, and Ethel Scott (first wife of Rikki Fulton). The show became a hit, being broadcast by Anglia, Border Television, Grampian Television, Tyne Tees and UTV, and resulted in the pair appearing at the opening of many British Relay TV rental shops. The first shop they opened, in Airdrie, caused such mayhem that crowds smashed the shop windows.", "title": "Francie and Josie" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton (often shortened to Enough Rope) is a television interview show originally broadcast on ABC1 in Australia. The title of the show came from the phrase \"give someone enough rope and they'll hang themselves\".", "title": "Enough Rope" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Krypton Factor is a British game show produced by Granada Television for broadcast on ITV. The show originally ran from 7 September 1977 to 20 November 1995, and was hosted by Gordon Burns and usually broadcast on the ITV network on Mondays at 7pm.", "title": "The Krypton Factor" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Dancing Tonight\" is a single by American singer Kat DeLuna, the fourth single from her second studio album \"Inside Out\". The original title of the song was in fact \"We'll Be Dancing\", with the original top-line conceptualized and written by Sebastian La'Mar Jones. Jones then brought aboard Dallas Diamond, a then college student and friend enrolled at Full Sail University, to help finish the record. \"Dancing Tonight\" was produced by EightySix.", "title": "Dancing Tonight" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Kitchen Rules (often abbreviated as MKR) is an Australian competitive cooking game show broadcast on the Seven Network since 2010. Celebrity chefs and co-hosts Pete Evans and Manu Feildel have appeared in every season in the show. They have been responsible for all challenges and judging across the series, with Colin Fassnidge acting as a judge in the challenge and as a mentor in the kitchen. The series is produced by the team who created the Seven reality show \"My Restaurant Rules\", and was put into production based on the success of Network 10's \"MasterChef Australia\".", "title": "My Kitchen Rules" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Brush with Fame is a light hearted ITV daytime television show, featuring a nationwide search to find Britain's best amateur portrait painter. It was presented by Carol Smillie, and the last episode was broadcast on 11 November 2005.", "title": "A Brush with Fame" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studio Wrestling was a live professional wrestling show broadcast from WIIC-TV Channel 11 in Pittsburgh every Saturday evening. In 1959, WIIC began broadcasting professional wrestling from their studio located in Fineview. The show was hosted by Bill Cardille through most of its run, although he was not the original host. The primary directors were Chuck Moyer and Jack Bleriot.", "title": "Studio Wrestling" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Télématin is a French breakfast television news show, broadcast on France 2 since January 7, 1985. It is broadcast in Metropolitan France weekdays from 6:30 to 9:00 am CET. TV5 broadcast the show in Canada in its entirety until September 2011: it now shows a 90 minute version between 6:30 and 8:00 am Eastern Time, when the French original version is now 2h30 long.", "title": "Télématin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "CNBC Tonight is a weeknight business news programme broadcast live from 1800 - 2000 HK/SG/TWN time on CNBC Asia from 16 February 2005 to 16 December 2005. It took the timeslot vacated by 3 former CNBC Asia programmes, \"Business Center\", \"The Asian Wall Street Journal\" and \"e\". The two-hour programme combined the mix of Asian and global news headlines, corporate news and personal finance. It also featured upscale lifestyle features on travel, health, food and leisure. CNBC Tonight was co-hosted by May Lee and Teymoor Nabili.", "title": "CNBC Tonight" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show hosted by Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and Universal Television. It is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. \"The Tonight Show\" is produced by Katie Hockmeyer and executive-produced by Lorne Michaels. The show records from Studio 6B in Rockefeller Center, New York City. This was where \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" was filmed until 1972.", "title": "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Challenge (originally known as Road Rules: All Stars, followed by Real World / Road Rules Challenge) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network's two reality shows, Real World and Road Rules. It features alumni from these two shows, in addition to rookies and alumni from The Challenge, and alumni from Are You the One?, Big Brother (US), Ex on the Beach (UK and US), and Geordie Shore competing against one another for a cash prize. The Challenge is currently hosted by T.J. Lavin. The series premiered on June 1, 1998. The title of the show was originally Road Rules: All Stars before it was renamed Real World / Road Rules Challenge by the show's 2nd season, then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show's 19th season. The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season, providing assignments as ``Mr. ''or`` Ms. Big'' (David ``Puck ''Rainey, David Edwards, and Gladys Sanabria served this role). Later on, however, the series began using hosts: Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season, and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T.J. Lavin became the show's regular host by the 11th season.", "title": "The Challenge (TV series)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Doris Day Show is an American sitcom which was originally broadcast on CBS from September 1968 until March 1973, remaining on the air for five seasons and 128 episodes.", "title": "The Doris Day Show" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jay Leno's Garage is an American web and television series about motor vehicles, primarily cars and motorbikes starring Jay Leno, the former host of \"The Tonight Show\". Originally a web series for NBC.com, a special aired on CNBC in August 2014 and the show became a weekly prime-time series on the channel in 2015.", "title": "Jay Leno's Garage" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MasterChef Colombia is a Colombian competitive cooking reality show that broadcast by RCN Televisión since January 14, 2015. It is based on the original British television show \"MasterChef\".", "title": "MasterChef Colombia" } ]	Where can you find the Tonight show that bears the name of the original broadcaster of Crowd Rules?	CNBC Asia	[]	Title: CNBC Tonight Passage: CNBC Tonight is a weeknight business news programme broadcast live from 1800 - 2000 HK/SG/TWN time on CNBC Asia from 16 February 2005 to 16 December 2005. It took the timeslot vacated by 3 former CNBC Asia programmes, "Business Center", "The Asian Wall Street Journal" and "e". The two-hour programme combined the mix of Asian and global news headlines, corporate news and personal finance. It also featured upscale lifestyle features on travel, health, food and leisure. CNBC Tonight was co-hosted by May Lee and Teymoor Nabili. Title: Crowd Rules Passage: Crowd Rules is an American competition/reality television series, created for and first telecast by the cable channel CNBC for its United States audience. On each episode, three small businesses appeal for the support of a studio audience "crowd" of 100. An audience vote at the end of each program determines which of the companies receives a $50,000 grant to support the growth of its business. Title: Dancing Tonight Passage: "Dancing Tonight" is a single by American singer Kat DeLuna, the fourth single from her second studio album "Inside Out". The original title of the song was in fact "We'll Be Dancing", with the original top-line conceptualized and written by Sebastian La'Mar Jones. Jones then brought aboard Dallas Diamond, a then college student and friend enrolled at Full Sail University, to help finish the record. "Dancing Tonight" was produced by EightySix.	[ "Crowd Rules", "CNBC Tonight" ]
2hop__837081_126045	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WCCL is an American radio station physically located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania located at 101.7 FM, but licensed to the community of Central City, Pennsylvania. The oldies formatted station currently carries a syndicated feed of Westwood One's \"Good Time Oldies\" format. The station is owned by Forever Media, LLC.", "title": "WCCL" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Botanischer Garten Kassel, also known as the Botanischer Garten der Stadt Kassel, is a municipal botanical garden located in the Park Schönfeld at Bosestraße 15, Kassel, Hesse, Germany. It is open daily without charge.", "title": "Botanischer Garten Kassel" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Botanischer Garten der Universität des Saarlandes\" (2.5 hectares) is a botanical garden maintained by Saarland University. It is located on the university campus in Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany, and is open Monday through Thursday, and Sunday in the warmer months, without charge.", "title": "Botanischer Garten der Universität des Saarlandes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.", "title": "Highline Botanical Garden" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Melih Gökçek has been the Metropolitan Mayor of Ankara since 1994 as a politician from the Welfare Party. He later joined the Virtue Party and then the AKP. Initially elected in the 1994 local elections, he was re-elected in 1999, 2004 and 2009. In the 2014 local election, Gökçek stood for a fifth term. The MHP metropolitan mayoral candidate for the 2009 local elections, conservative politician Mansur Yavaş, stood as the CHP candidate against Gökçek. In a heavily controversial election, Gökçek was declared the winner by just 1% ahead of Yavaş amid allegations of systematic electoral fraud. With the Supreme Electoral Council and courts rejecting Yavaş's appeals, he has declared intention to take the irregularities to the European Court of Human Rights. Although Gökçek was inaugurated for a fifth term, most election observers believe that Yavaş was the winner of the election.", "title": "Ankara" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Forstbotanischer Garten Eberswalde (8 hectares) is a botanical garden and arboretum located at Am Zainhammer 5, Eberswalde, Brandenburg, Germany. It is open daily without charge.", "title": "Forstbotanischer Garten Eberswalde" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer is a museum of playing cards located at 16, rue Auguste Gervais, Issy-les-Moulineaux, a suburb of Paris, France. It is open Wednesdays through Sundays. An admission fee is charged.", "title": "Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every August 6, \"A-Bomb Day\", the city of Hiroshima holds the Peace Memorial Ceremony to console the victims of the atomic bombs and to pray for the realization of lasting world peace. The ceremony is held in front of the Memorial Cenotaph in the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Participants include the families of the deceased and people from all over the world. This traditional ceremony began in 1947 by the then Hiroshima Mayor Shinzo Hamai.", "title": "Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arboretum de la Sédelle (10 hectares) is a private arboretum located in Villejoint, Crozant, Creuse, Limousin, France. It is open several afternoons a week in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "title": "Arboretum de la Sédelle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KGTM is a Hot AC formatted radio station located in Shelley, Idaho, broadcasting to Eastern Idaho area on 98.1 FM.", "title": "KGTM" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.", "title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter. Electric charge is a characteristic property of many subatomic particles. The charges of free - standing particles are integer multiples of the elementary charge e; we say that electric charge is quantized. Michael Faraday, in his electrolysis experiments, was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge. Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment demonstrated this fact directly, and measured the elementary charge. It has been discovered that one type of particle, quarks, have fractional charges of either − 1 / 3 or + 2 / 3, but it is believed they always occur in multiples of integral charge; free - standing quarks have never been observed.", "title": "Electric charge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Botanischer Garten Schellerhau (1.4 hectares) is a botanical garden located near the hamlet of Schellerhau at Hauptstrasse 41, Altenberg, Saxony, Germany. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "title": "Botanischer Garten Schellerhau" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Who Dares Wins is a compilation of various rare Bolt Thrower tracks from EPs and other sources: Tracks 1–4 are from the Cenotaph EP, tracks 5–8 are from the Spearhead EP and the tracks 9 and 10 are from the same session as \"...For Victory\", previously released on \"Rareache\" (the anniversary compilation boxset of Earache Records) and the Japanese version of \"...For Victory\". It is released on Earache Records, Mosh 208 on 14 September 1998. The cover art is also taken from the \"Spearhead\" EP.", "title": "Who Dares Wins (album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WVRZ (99.7 FM) is a radio station located in Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. It is a simulcast of Top 40 (CHR) formatted WVRT (V97).", "title": "WVRZ" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Orto Botanico dei Frignoli (7 hectares) is a botanical garden located at 900 metres elevation on SS63 del Passo del Cerreto, Fivizzano, Province of Massa-Carrara, Italy. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "title": "Orto Botanico dei Frignoli" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cenotaph is a death metal band from Ankara, Turkey. They formed in 1994 and released their first demo, \"Life Immortal\" in 1995; since then, they have released four full-length albums. Not to be confused with Mexican death metal band of the same name.", "title": "Cenotaph (band)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Forstbotanischer Garten Köln (25 hectares) is an arboretum and woodland botanical garden located at Schillingsrotterstraße 100, Rodenkirchen, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It forms part of the city's outer green belt and is open daily without charge.", "title": "Forstbotanischer Garten Köln" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India Amar Jawan Jyoti, New Delhi Burning in a shrine under the arch of India Gate since 1971 is the Amar Jawan Jyoti (the flame of the immortal soldier) which marks the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The shrine itself is a black marble cenotaph with a rifle placed on its barrel, crested by a soldier's helmet. Each face of the cenotaph has inscribed in gold the words ``Amar Jawan ''(Immortal Warrior) in Hindi (Devanagri script). The Prime Minister of India pays homage to the country's fallen soldiers along with the Chiefs of Staff of each arm of the Armed Forces on each Republic Day of India.", "title": "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Portland Cenotaph is a war memorial located on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is situated at New Ground, looking down to Underhill of the island and overlooking Chesil Beach, as it sits in front of Portland Heights Hotel. The monument is dedicated to the local soldiers who died during both the First and Second World Wars. It has been a Grade II Listed Monument since May 1993.", "title": "Portland Cenotaph" } ]	Who is in charge of the city where Cenotaph was formed?	Melih Gökçek	[ "Mansur Yavaş" ]	Title: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Passage: India Amar Jawan Jyoti, New Delhi Burning in a shrine under the arch of India Gate since 1971 is the Amar Jawan Jyoti (the flame of the immortal soldier) which marks the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The shrine itself is a black marble cenotaph with a rifle placed on its barrel, crested by a soldier's helmet. Each face of the cenotaph has inscribed in gold the words ``Amar Jawan ''(Immortal Warrior) in Hindi (Devanagri script). The Prime Minister of India pays homage to the country's fallen soldiers along with the Chiefs of Staff of each arm of the Armed Forces on each Republic Day of India. Title: Cenotaph (band) Passage: Cenotaph is a death metal band from Ankara, Turkey. They formed in 1994 and released their first demo, "Life Immortal" in 1995; since then, they have released four full-length albums. Not to be confused with Mexican death metal band of the same name. Title: Ankara Passage: Melih Gökçek has been the Metropolitan Mayor of Ankara since 1994 as a politician from the Welfare Party. He later joined the Virtue Party and then the AKP. Initially elected in the 1994 local elections, he was re-elected in 1999, 2004 and 2009. In the 2014 local election, Gökçek stood for a fifth term. The MHP metropolitan mayoral candidate for the 2009 local elections, conservative politician Mansur Yavaş, stood as the CHP candidate against Gökçek. In a heavily controversial election, Gökçek was declared the winner by just 1% ahead of Yavaş amid allegations of systematic electoral fraud. With the Supreme Electoral Council and courts rejecting Yavaş's appeals, he has declared intention to take the irregularities to the European Court of Human Rights. Although Gökçek was inaugurated for a fifth term, most election observers believe that Yavaş was the winner of the election.	[ "Ankara", "Cenotaph (band)" ]
2hop__101700_2630	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yelena Georgievna Bonner (; 15 February 1923 – 18 June 2011) was a human rights activist in the former Soviet Union and wife of the physicist Andrei Sakharov. During her decades as a dissident, Bonner was noted for her characteristic blunt honesty and courage.", "title": "Yelena Bonner" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.", "title": "History of human rights" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2006, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights was replaced with the United Nations Human Rights Council for the enforcement of international human rights law.", "title": "International human rights law" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Crisis Group, since Myanmar transitioned to a new government in August 2011, the country's human rights record has been improving. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. In 2013, Myanmar improved yet again, receiving a score of five in civil liberties and a six in political freedoms", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles R. Beitz (born 1949) is an American political theorist. He is Edward S. Sanford Professor of Politics at Princeton University specializing in Political Theory, as well as former director of the University Center for Human Values. His philosophical and teaching interests focus on international political theory, democratic theory, the theory of human rights and legal theory.", "title": "Charles Beitz" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. However, the Eritrean government has continually dismissed the accusations as politically motivated. In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish language version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Created 1948 Ratified 10 December 1948 Location Palais de Chaillot, Paris Author (s) Draft Committee Purpose Human rights", "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration consists of thirty articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other laws. The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of Human Rights, which was completed in 1966, and came into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified them.", "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monique Ilboudo (born 1959) is an author and human rights activist from Burkina Faso. As of 2012 she was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Burkina Faso to the Nordic and Baltic countries.", "title": "Monique Ilboudo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Philippines is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted by the United Nations (UN) in the 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, alongside the Genocide Convention and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, by the United Nations in response to the tragic and horrendous violations of human rights during the Second World War. The United Nations Charter, a treaty, was created in order to define what roles, powers, and duties the United Nations is allowed to practice in dealing with international relations. Article I of the UN Charter states that the UN aims:", "title": "Human rights in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armand The Vampire Chronicles character Antonio Banderas as Armand (1994) First appearance Interview with the Vampire (1976) Portrayed by Antonio Banderas (1994) Information Nickname (s) Andrei Amadeo Aliases The ``vagabond angel child of Satan ''Species Vampire Gender Male Occupation Coven Leader Title All Father Family Ivan (father) Significant other (s) Marius de Romanus (maker / lover) Bianca Solderini (lover) Sybelle and Benji Louis de Pointe du Lac (lover) Daniel Molloy (fledgling / lover) Religion Orthodox (as a human) Catholic Nationality Russian", "title": "Armand (The Vampire Chronicles)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson. He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev. Other notable Western performers, including Sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns. West was reportedly paid US$3 million for his performance. West had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining Shakira and Rage Against The Machine in refusing to perform in Arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Floribert Chebeya Bahizire (13 September 1963 – 2 June 2010) was a leading Congolese human rights activist in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, hailed by the United Nations as \"a champion of human rights\". His death led to calls for an investigation from more than 50 organisations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, many countries and several senior UN officials, including Ban Ki-moon, Navi Pillay, Alan Doss and Philip Alston.", "title": "Floribert Chebeya" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece is a developed country with high standards of living[citation needed] and high Human Development Index. Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output. Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Andrey Gavrilov (; born May 4, 1974) is a retired male butterfly swimmer from Kazakhstan. He competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). His best Olympic result was finishing in 15th place at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay event.", "title": "Andrey Gavrilov" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live is the fourth album by Vanessa Paradis and her first live album. It was also her last album until \"Bliss\". The album was recorded on her Natural High Tour, on April 21, 1993 and is unique for featuring a large number of English songs when compared to her other live albums and tours.", "title": "Live (Vanessa Paradis album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrei of Polotsk (, , , ca. 1325 – 12 August 1399, in the Battle of the Vorskla River) was the eldest son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his first wife Maria of Vitebsk. He was Duke of Pskov (through his deputy Yuri, 1342–1348) and Polotsk (1342–1387). As the eldest son of the Grand Duke, Andrei claimed his right to the throne after his father's death in 1377. Algirdas left Jogaila, his eldest son with his second wife Uliana of Tver, as the rightful heir. Andrei's rivalry with Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania and later King of Poland, eventually led to his demise.", "title": "Andrei of Polotsk" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The phrase ``the right to work ''was coined by the French socialist leader Louis Blanc in light of the social turmoil of the early 19th century and rising unemployment in the wake of the 1846 financial crisis which led up to the French Revolution of 1848. The right to property was a crucial demand in early quests for political freedom and equality, and against feudal control of property. Property can serve as the basis for the entitlements that ensure the realisation of the right to an adequate standard of living and it was only property owners which were initially granted civil and political rights, such as the right to vote. Because not everybody is a property owner, the right to work was enshrined to allow everybody to attain an adequate standard of living. Today discrimination on the basis of property ownership is recognised as a serious threat to the equal enjoyment of human rights by all and non-discrimination clauses in international human rights instruments frequently include property as a ground on the basis of which discrimination is prohibited (see the right to equality before the law).", "title": "Right to work" } ]	How is the human rights record in the country where Andrey Gavrilov lived compared to the rest of the world?	one of the poorest	[]	Title: Kanye West Passage: In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson. He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev. Other notable Western performers, including Sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns. West was reportedly paid US$3 million for his performance. West had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining Shakira and Rage Against The Machine in refusing to perform in Arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens. Title: Estonia Passage: A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe. Title: Andrey Gavrilov Passage: Andrey Gavrilov (; born May 4, 1974) is a retired male butterfly swimmer from Kazakhstan. He competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). His best Olympic result was finishing in 15th place at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay event.	[ "Kanye West", "Andrey Gavrilov" ]
2hop__311987_776856	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Samson is an English-built railroad steam locomotive made in 1838 that ran on the Albion Mines Railway in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is preserved at the Nova Scotia Museum of Industry in Stellarton, Nova Scotia and is the oldest locomotive in Canada.", "title": "Samson (locomotive)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia.", "title": "James Millner (doctor)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais.", "title": "Georgia-Imeretia Governorate" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Walden is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Lunenburg Municipal District in Lunenburg County on the shore of the LaHave River.", "title": "Walden, Nova Scotia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.", "title": "Municipio XIX" } ]	What district is LaHave, in the same province as Samson, part of?	Lunenburg Municipal District	[ "Lunenburg" ]	Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Samson (locomotive) Passage: The Samson is an English-built railroad steam locomotive made in 1838 that ran on the Albion Mines Railway in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is preserved at the Nova Scotia Museum of Industry in Stellarton, Nova Scotia and is the oldest locomotive in Canada. Title: Walden, Nova Scotia Passage: Walden is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Lunenburg Municipal District in Lunenburg County on the shore of the LaHave River.	[ "Samson (locomotive)", "Walden, Nova Scotia" ]
2hop__238200_26382	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Haven is a notable center for higher education. Yale University, at the heart of downtown, is one of the city's best known features and its largest employer. New Haven is also home to Southern Connecticut State University, part of the Connecticut State University System, and Albertus Magnus College, a private institution. Gateway Community College has a campus in downtown New Haven, formerly located in the Long Wharf district; Gateway consolidated into one campus downtown into a new state-of-the-art campus (on the site of the old Macy's building) and was open for the Fall 2012 semester.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "title": "University of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arnaldo Mussolini, like his brother Benito Mussolini, took part in World War I, attaining the rank of lieutenant, and in 1919 after the war's end, he moved to Milan.", "title": "Arnaldo Mussolini" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah-Jayne Blakemore (born 11 August 1974) is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London and co-director of the Wellcome Trust PhD Programme in Neuroscience at UCL", "title": "Sarah-Jayne Blakemore" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Wilson Chambers (12 November 1874 – 23 April 1942) was a British literary scholar, author, and academic; throughout his career he was associated with University College London (UCL).", "title": "Raymond Wilson Chambers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melbourne universities have campuses all over Australia and some internationally. Swinburne University has campuses in Malaysia, while Monash has a research centre based in Prato, Italy. The University of Melbourne, the second oldest university in Australia, was ranked first among Australian universities in the 2010 THES international rankings. The 2012–2013 Times Higher Education Supplement ranked the University of Melbourne as the 28th (30th by QS ranking) best university in the world. Monash University was ranked as the 99th (60th by QS ranking) best university in the world. Both universities are members of the Group of Eight, a coalition of leading Australian tertiary institutions offering comprehensive and leading education.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most selective medical schools in the United States, it is currently ranked 18th among research universities for medical education by the US News & World Report.", "title": "Pritzker School of Medicine" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2012, The New York Times ranked Heidelberg University 12th worldwide in terms of employability. The ranking was based on a survey among recruiters and managers of leading international companies from twenty countries.", "title": "Heidelberg University" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gloria Laycock was the founding Director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London (UCL), and ran UCL's Centre for Security & Crime Science. She is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime.", "title": "Gloria Laycock" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KazNU is the oldest classical university of the Republic established by a Decree of the Kazakh Regional Committee (KRC) office dated November 13, 1933. One year after Kazakhstan's 1990 declaration of independence, the name was changed to Al-Farabi Kazakh State University. According to the QS World University Rankings KazNU takes 207th place in the rating of the best universities of the world.", "title": "Al-Farabi Kazakh National University" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kate Bradbury Griffith aka Kate Griffith (née Bradbury) (26 August 1854 – 2 March 1902) was a British Egyptologist who assisted in the early development of the Egypt Exploration Society and the Department of Egyptology at University College London (UCL).", "title": "Kate Bradbury Griffith" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its 2019 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked Colgate as the 16th-best liberal arts college in the country (tied with neighboring Hamilton College). The university's campus was ranked as the most beautiful by The Princeton Review in their 2010 edition. In July 2008, Colgate was named fifth on Forbes' list of Top Colleges for Getting Rich, the only non-Ivy League college in the top 5. Colgate is listed as one of America's 25 \"New Ivies\" by Newsweek magazine. It is also on the list of \"100 best campuses for LGBT students.\" Colgate has been ranked third by The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education for its success in integrating African-American students.In 2014, Colgate was ranked the top college in the United States by Payscale and CollegeNet's Social Mobility Index college rankings. It is also listed as one of 30 Hidden Ivies and as one of Newsweek's \"New Ivies\". In 2014, Princeton Review ranked Colgate as the Most Beautiful Campus in America.", "title": "Colgate University" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Momigliano was born on 5 September 1908 in Caraglio, Piedmont. In 1936 he became Professor of Roman history at the University of Turin, but as a Jew soon lost his position due to the anti-Jewish Racial Laws enacted by the Fascist regime in 1938, and moved to England, where he remained. After a time at Oxford University, he went to University College London, where he was Professor from 1951 to 1975. Momigliano visited regularly at the University of Chicago where he was named Alexander White Professor in the Humanities, and at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. He wrote reviews for \"The New York Review of Books\" In addition to studying the ancient Greek historians and their methods, he also took an interest in modern historians, such as Edward Gibbon, and wrote a number of studies of them.", "title": "Arnaldo Momigliano" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baruch College Campus High School (BCCHS) is a public high school located in Kips Bay in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Baruch College Campus High School received the highest number of applications among all of the New York City public high schools in 2011. BCCHS is renowned for its high academic standards, advisory program and perfect graduation rate. In 2012, BCCHS ranked 489 in the U.S. News & World Report list of best \"gold-medal\" U.S. high schools.", "title": "Baruch College Campus High School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Santa Fe Institute (SFI) is an independent, nonprofit theoretical research institute located in Santa Fe (New Mexico, United States) and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of complex adaptive systems, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems. As of 2016, the Institute is ranked 20th among the world's \"Top Science and Technology Think Tanks\" and 23rd among the world's \"Best Transdisciplinary Research Think Tanks\" according to the \"Global Think Tank Report\" published annually by the University of Pennsylvania.", "title": "Santa Fe Institute" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel has nine public universities that are subsidized by the state and 49 private colleges. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel's second-oldest university after the Technion, houses the National Library of Israel, the world's largest repository of Judaica and Hebraica. The Technion, the Hebrew University, and the Weizmann Institute consistently ranked among world's 100 top universities by the prestigious ARWU academic ranking. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv University are ranked among the world's top 100 universities by Times Higher Education magazine. Other major universities in the country include Bar-Ilan University, the University of Haifa, The Open University, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Ariel University, in the West Bank, is the newest university institution, upgraded from college status, and the first in over thirty years. Israel's seven research universities (excluding the Open University) are consistently ranked among top 500 in the world.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. John's Medical College was ranked 14th among medical colleges in India in 2017 by India Today, 15th by The Week and 4th in India by Outlook India.", "title": "St. John's Medical College" } ]	What is the world ranking of the college that employs Arnaldo Momigliano?	5th	[]	Title: Arnaldo Momigliano Passage: Momigliano was born on 5 September 1908 in Caraglio, Piedmont. In 1936 he became Professor of Roman history at the University of Turin, but as a Jew soon lost his position due to the anti-Jewish Racial Laws enacted by the Fascist regime in 1938, and moved to England, where he remained. After a time at Oxford University, he went to University College London, where he was Professor from 1951 to 1975. Momigliano visited regularly at the University of Chicago where he was named Alexander White Professor in the Humanities, and at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. He wrote reviews for "The New York Review of Books" In addition to studying the ancient Greek historians and their methods, he also took an interest in modern historians, such as Edward Gibbon, and wrote a number of studies of them. Title: University of Notre Dame Passage: In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group. Title: London Passage: A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.	[ "London", "Arnaldo Momigliano" ]
4hop3__313385_280480_160165_606586	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glendale Township is one of the nine townships of Logan County, North Dakota, United States. It lies in the northwestern part of the county and borders the following other townships within Logan County:", "title": "Glendale Township, Logan County, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Texas (/ ˈtɛksəs /, locally / ˈtɛksəz /; Spanish: Texas or Tejas, pronounced (ˈtexas)) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the South Central region of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.", "title": "Texas" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prairie Creek Township is located in Logan County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 487 and it contained 194 housing units.", "title": "Prairie Creek Township, Logan County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity). Many of these were of English or Scotch-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having \"American\" ancestry or do not know their ancestry. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry. Some of their ancestry went back to the original thirteen colonies.", "title": "Florida" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.", "title": "San Lucas AVA" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The territorial changes of Germany include all changes in the borders and territory of Germany from its formation in 1871 to the present. Modern Germany was formed in 1871 when Otto von Bismarck unified most of the German states, with the notable exception of Austria, into the German Empire. After the First World War, Germany lost about 10% of its territory to its neighbours and the Weimar Republic was formed. This republic included territories to the east of today's German borders.", "title": "Territorial evolution of Germany" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mineral Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 886.", "title": "Mineral Township, Barry County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland (Eswatini); and it surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th - largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry.", "title": "South Africa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there.", "title": "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India (IAST: Bhārat), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh - largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.", "title": "India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The five largest ancestry groups in Missouri are: German (27.4 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (10.2 percent), American (8.5 percent) and French (3.7 percent).", "title": "Missouri" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018.", "title": "Monett, Missouri" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is a ``German belt ''that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German - Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry.", "title": "German Americans" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cooper is an unincorporated community located within Logan Township, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 10 feet (3 m).", "title": "Cooper, Gloucester County, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania.", "title": "Northern Territory" } ]	In which country is Logan, a city in the county sharing a border with Mineral Township's county in the state where the largest ancestry group is German?	U.S.	[ "US of A", "America", "U.S", "the United States", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Monett, Missouri Passage: Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018. Title: Missouri Passage: The five largest ancestry groups in Missouri are: German (27.4 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (10.2 percent), American (8.5 percent) and French (3.7 percent). Title: Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri Passage: Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there. Title: Mineral Township, Barry County, Missouri Passage: Mineral Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 886.	[ "Mineral Township, Barry County, Missouri", "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri", "Missouri", "Monett, Missouri" ]
2hop__104341_79217	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Igor Hernández Colina (born 22 January 1977) is a Venezuelan beach volleyball player. He played with Jesus Villafañe at the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Igor Hernández" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845.", "title": "Texas annexation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highgrove is a census-designated place (CDP) in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 3,988 at the 2010 census, up from 3,445 at the 2000 census. The City of Riverside has plans to annex Highgrove.", "title": "Highgrove, California" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Texas had formed in 1836, after breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States declined the offer. In 1844, James K. Polk was elected the United States president after promising to annex Texas. Before he assumed office, the outgoing president, John Tyler, entered negotiations with Texas. On February 26, 1845, six days before Polk took office, the U.S. Congress approved the annexation. The Texas legislature approved annexation in July 1845 and constructed a state constitution. In October, Texas residents approved the annexation and the new constitution, and Texas was officially inducted into the United States on December 29, 1845.", "title": "History of Texas (1845–1860)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, Benghazi, Libya is named one of the most dangerous places in the world, and countries have pulled their diplomatic offices out of the country in fear of an attack by militants. The United States, however, still has a diplomatic compound (not an official consulate) open in the city. Less than a mile away is a CIA outpost called \"The Annex\", which is protected by a team of private military contractors from Global Response Staff (GRS). New to the detail is Jack Silva, who arrives in Benghazi and is picked up by Tyrone \"Rone\" Woods, commander of the GRS team and a personal friend of Silva. Arriving at the Annex, Silva is introduced to the rest of the GRS team and the CIA Chief of Station, who constantly gives the team strict reminders to never engage the citizens.", "title": "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bromela is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Bromela is located along the Old Southern Pacific Railroad(Now Union Pacific) south of Arroyo Grande.", "title": "Bromela, California" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States of America, becoming the 28th U.S. state. Border disputes between the new state and Mexico, which had never recognized Texas independence and still considered the area a renegade Mexican state, led to the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 1848). When the war concluded, Mexico relinquished its claim on Texas, as well as other regions in what is now the southwestern United States. Texas' annexation as a state that tolerated slavery had caused tension in the United States among slave states and those that did not allow slavery. The tension was partially defused with the Compromise of 1850, in which Texas ceded some of its territory to the federal government to become non-slave - owning areas but gained El Paso", "title": "History of Texas (1845–1860)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of \"containment\" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to \"roll back\". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luis Chiriboga, the President of the Ecuadorian Football Federation stated the United States and Mexico were potential hosts of at least one stage of the competition.", "title": "Copa América Centenario" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Warsaw Framework on REDD - plus, the first country had submitted a Biennial Update Report with a Technical Annex containing the details on emission reductions from REDD+ eligible activities. Brazil submitted its first Biennial Update Report on 31 December 2014. The Technical Annex covers the Amazon biome within Brazil's territory, a little under half of the national territory, reporting emission reductions against Brazil's previously submitted reference emission level of 2,971.02 MtCO e from a reduction in deforestation. This Technical Annex was reviewed through the International Consultation and Analysis process and on 22 September 2015 a technical report was issued by the UNFCCC which states that ``the LULUCF experts consider that the data and information provided in the technical annex are transparent, consistent, complete and accurate ''(paragraph 38). Considering that Brazil is only reporting on emission reductions from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, the technical review identified several areas of improvement (paragraph 34):", "title": "Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Callender is a census-designated place in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Callender is located along California State Route 1 south of Arroyo Grande. The population was 1,262 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Callender, California" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team.", "title": "Luis Villafañe" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bern is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Bern is east-northeast of Paso Robles. The community had a post office from 1904 to 1932.", "title": "Bern, California" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly.", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eight Mile is an unincorporated community in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The community is named for its distance from the city of Mobile. Part of it was annexed in the mid-20th century by the city of Prichard, Alabama.", "title": "Eight Mile, Alabama" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Velasco was a town in Texas, United States, that was later annexed by the city of Freeport. Founded in 1831, Velasco is situated on the east side of the Brazos River in southeast Texas. It is sixteen miles south of Angleton, Texas, and four miles from the Gulf of Mexico.", "title": "Velasco, Texas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States of America, becoming the 28th U.S. state. Border disputes between the new state and Mexico, which had never recognized Texas independence and still considered the area a renegade Mexican state, led to the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 1848). When the war concluded, Mexico relinquished its claim on Texas, as well as other regions in what is now the southwestern United States. Texas' annexation as a state that tolerated slavery had caused tension in the United States among slave states and those that did not allow slavery. The tension was partially defused with the Compromise of 1850, in which Texas ceded some of its territory to the federal government to become non-slave - owning areas but gained El Paso.", "title": "History of Texas (1845–1860)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woodcrest is a census-designated place (CDP) in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 14,347 at the 2010 census, up from 8,342 at the 2000 United States Census. The adjacent city of Riverside lists Woodcrest as an area for potential annexation.", "title": "Woodcrest, California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kingsgate is a neighborhood of Kirkland, Washington, United States. It was annexed by Kirkland on June 1, 2011. Prior to the annexation, Kingsgate was a census-designated place (CDP).", "title": "Kingsgate, Kirkland, Washington" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chorro is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Chorro is located along a railroad line, and California State Route 1, just north of San Luis Obispo. It is the location of El Chorro Regional Park.", "title": "Chorro, California" } ]	The United States grabbed the island where Luis Villafañe was born in what year?	1898	[]	Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly. Title: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation Passage: Following the Warsaw Framework on REDD - plus, the first country had submitted a Biennial Update Report with a Technical Annex containing the details on emission reductions from REDD+ eligible activities. Brazil submitted its first Biennial Update Report on 31 December 2014. The Technical Annex covers the Amazon biome within Brazil's territory, a little under half of the national territory, reporting emission reductions against Brazil's previously submitted reference emission level of 2,971.02 MtCO e from a reduction in deforestation. This Technical Annex was reviewed through the International Consultation and Analysis process and on 22 September 2015 a technical report was issued by the UNFCCC which states that ``the LULUCF experts consider that the data and information provided in the technical annex are transparent, consistent, complete and accurate ''(paragraph 38). Considering that Brazil is only reporting on emission reductions from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, the technical review identified several areas of improvement (paragraph 34): Title: Luis Villafañe Passage: Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team.	[ "Luis Villafañe", "History of Puerto Rico" ]
3hop1__659125_39490_84845	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area is a National Conservation Area in the eastern foothills of the Sierra Blanca, between Capitan and Lincoln in south central New Mexico. Including approximately and located at an elevation of about above sea level, it was established in 2009 to protect, conserve, and enhance the unique and nationally important historic, cultural, scientific, archaeological, natural, and educational subterranean cave resources of the Fort Stanton - Snowy River cave system.", "title": "Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Country Dance is an oil painting by French artist Jean-Antoine Watteau, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Probably one of Watteau's earliest painting, created roughly 1706-1710, it depicts a group of quite courtly peasants dancing among the trees.", "title": "The Country Dance" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied science at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, where he was influenced by scientists that included biologist Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, zoologist Alphonse Milne-Edwards, and anthropologist Ernest Hamy. From 1889 to 1892, he was employed as a chemical engineer at the French-owned El Boleo mining installation in Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur. During that period, he explored the peninsula's interior, collecting natural history specimens for the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. Afterwards, from 1893 to 1914, he made six more trips to Mexico as an explorer and collector:", "title": "Léon Diguet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quri Qale Cave or QuraQala (Kurdish: Şkefta QureQela, ئەشکەوتی قوڕەقەڵا Persian: غار قوری قلعه) is a cave located northwest of Ravansar, Iran, and is one of the longest caves in western Asia. First explored in the 1950s, in 1989 it was further opened by an Iranian team. It contains three main chambers, with calcite crystals, stalactites and waterfalls. It is known for its colony of Mouse-eared bat, and for a number of archaeological finds, including silver plates dating the late Sassanian period.", "title": "Quri Qala Cave" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goa Gajah, or Elephant Cave, is located on the island of Bali near Ubud, in Indonesia. Built in the 9th century, it served as a sanctuary.", "title": "Goa Gajah" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elephanta Caves (the cave temples at the historical site of Elephanta are dedicated to Shiva) are a network of sculpted caves located on Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri (literally ``the city of caves '') in Mumbai Harbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the east of the city of Mumbai in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The island, located on an arm of the Arabian Sea, consists of two groups of caves -- the first is a large group of five Hindu caves, the second, a smaller group of two Buddhist caves. The Hindu caves contain rock cut stone sculptures, representing the Shaiva Hindu sect, dedicated to the Lord Shiva.", "title": "Elephanta Caves" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Vision of Fiammetta is an oil painting created by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, in the Pre-Raphaelite style, created in 1878. The painting was one half of one of Rossetti's \"double works\", accompanying his \"Ballads and Sonnets\" (1881). Maria Spartali Stillman modelled for the painting. The subject of painting is Boccacio's muse named Fiammetta.", "title": "A Vision of Fiammetta" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned.", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allan Kardec () is the pen name of the French educator, translator and author Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (; 3 October 1804 – 31 March 1869). He is the author of the five books known as the Spiritist Codification, and is the founder of Spiritism.", "title": "Allan Kardec" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tabun Cave is an excavated site located at Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve, Israel and is one of Human Evolution sites at Mount Carmel, which were proclaimed as having universal value by UNESCO in 2012. The cave was occupied intermittently during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic (500,000 to around 40,000 years ago). In the course of this period, deposits of sand, silt and clay of up to accumulated in the cave. Excavations suggest that it features one of the longest sequences of human occupation in the Levant.", "title": "Tabun Cave" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rock shelters and caves of Bhimbetka have a large number of paintings. The oldest paintings are found to be 30,000 years old, but some of the geometric figures date to as recently as the medieval period. The colors used are vegetable colors which have endured through time because the drawings were generally made deep inside a niche or on inner walls. The drawings and paintings can be classified under seven different periods.", "title": "Bhimbetka rock shelters" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luncheon in the Studio (or The Luncheon) is an 1868 oil painting by Édouard Manet. Partially a portrait of 16-year-old Léon Leenhoff — the son of Suzanne Leenhoff before her 1863 marriage to Manet, and possibly the son of Manet or Manet's father Auguste — it is also an enigmatic work that has received limited attention within Manet's oeuvre. Critic Nan Stalnaker notes that \"despite continued questions about its meaning, the work is acknowledged to be brilliantly painted and a major Manet work\".", "title": "Luncheon in the Studio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave in the Ardèche department of southern France is a cave that contains some of the best-preserved figurative cave paintings in the world, as well as other evidence of Upper Paleolithic life. It is located near the commune of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc on a limestone cliff above the former bed of the Ardèche River, in the Gorges de l'Ardèche.", "title": "Chauvet Cave" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dust Cave is a Paleoindian archaeology site located in northern Alabama. It is in the Highland Rim in the limestone bluffs that overlook Coffee Slough, a tributary of the Tennessee River. The site was occupied during the Pleistocene and early Holocene eras. 1LU496, another name for Dust Cave, was occupied seasonally for 7,000 years. The cave was first discovered in 1984 by Dr. Richard Cobb and first excavated in 1989 under Dr. Boyce Driskell from the University of Alabama.", "title": "Dust Cave" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 12, 1940, the entrance to the Lascaux Cave was discovered by 18 year old Marcel Ravidat. Ravidat (died in 1995) returned to the scene with three friends, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, and entered the cave via a long shaft. The teenagers discovered that the cave walls were covered with depictions of animals. Galleries that suggest continuity, context or simply represent a cavern were given names. Those include the Hall of the Bulls, the Passageway, the Shaft, the Nave, the Apse, and the Chamber of Felines. The cave complex was opened to the public on July 14, 1948. By 1955, carbon dioxide, heat, humidity, and other contaminants produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. As air condition deteriorated fungi and lichen increasingly infested the walls. Consequently, the cave was closed to the public in 1963, the paintings were restored to their original state and a monitoring system on a daily basis was introduced.", "title": "Lascaux" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known cave paintings / drawings of animals are at least 35,000 years old and were found in caves in the district of Maros, located in Bantimurung district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, according to datings announced in 2014. Previously it was believed that the earliest paintings were in Europe. The earliest figurative paintings in Europe date back to the Aurignacian period, approximately 30,000 to 32,000 years ago, and are found in the Chauvet Cave in France, and in the Coliboaia Cave in Romania. The earliest non-figurative rock art dates back to approximately 40,000 years ago, the date given both to a disk in the El Castillo cave and a hand stencil in Timpuseng cave Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are similar later paintings in Africa, Australia and South America, continuing until recent times in some places, though there is a worldwide tendency for open air rock art to succeed paintings deep in caves.", "title": "Cave painting" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lascaux (French: Grotte de Lascaux, ``Lascaux Cave ''; English: / læsˈkoʊ /, French: (lasko)) is the setting of a complex of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France. Over 600 parietal wall paintings cover the interior walls and ceilings of the cave. The paintings represent primarily large animals, typical local and contemporary fauna that correspond with the fossil record of the Upper Paleolithic time. The drawings are the combined effort of many generations, and with continued debate, the paintings are estimated around 17,000 years BP. Lascaux was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1979, as element of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.", "title": "Lascaux" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cave of the Storm Nymphs is a painting by British artist Edward Poynter, depicting three nude sirens or nymphs from Greek mythology that lure sailors to their deaths. Poynter painted two versions, one in 1902 and the other in 1903, with minor differences. The former is housed in the Norfolk's Hermitage Museum, and the latter is in the private collection of Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber. One of the depicted sirens is playing a golden stringed, tortoise-shell lyre, while the other two sirens rejoice amid the foundering ship, expecting to add to the cave’s treasure.", "title": "The Cave of the Storm Nymphs" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Addaura cave (Italian: Grotta dell'Addaura) is a complex of three natural grottoes located on the northeast side of Mount Pellegrino in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. The importance of the complex is due to the presence of cave-wall engravings dated to the late Epigravettian (contemporaneous with the Magdalenian) and the Mesolithic.", "title": "Grotta dell'Addaura" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Snake Charmer is an oil-on-canvas Orientalist painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme produced around 1879. It is signed \"J.L Gerome 1880\".", "title": "The Snake Charmer" } ]	When were the cave paintings in the country where Leon Diguet was educated created?	estimated around 17,000 years BP	[]	Title: Léon Diguet Passage: He studied science at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, where he was influenced by scientists that included biologist Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, zoologist Alphonse Milne-Edwards, and anthropologist Ernest Hamy. From 1889 to 1892, he was employed as a chemical engineer at the French-owned El Boleo mining installation in Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur. During that period, he explored the peninsula's interior, collecting natural history specimens for the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. Afterwards, from 1893 to 1914, he made six more trips to Mexico as an explorer and collector: Title: Anthropology Passage: Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned. Title: Lascaux Passage: Lascaux (French: Grotte de Lascaux, ``Lascaux Cave ''; English: / læsˈkoʊ /, French: (lasko)) is the setting of a complex of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France. Over 600 parietal wall paintings cover the interior walls and ceilings of the cave. The paintings represent primarily large animals, typical local and contemporary fauna that correspond with the fossil record of the Upper Paleolithic time. The drawings are the combined effort of many generations, and with continued debate, the paintings are estimated around 17,000 years BP. Lascaux was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1979, as element of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.	[ "Léon Diguet", "Anthropology", "Lascaux" ]
2hop__100610_15014	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Granite containing rock is widely distributed throughout the continental crust. Much of it was intruded during the Precambrian age; it is the most abundant basement rock that underlies the relatively thin sedimentary veneer of the continents. Outcrops of granite tend to form tors and rounded massifs. Granites sometimes occur in circular depressions surrounded by a range of hills, formed by the metamorphic aureole or hornfels. Granite often occurs as relatively small, less than 100 km2 stock masses (stocks) and in batholiths that are often associated with orogenic mountain ranges. Small dikes of granitic composition called aplites are often associated with the margins of granitic intrusions. In some locations, very coarse - grained pegmatite masses occur with granite.", "title": "Granite" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: \"According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensity red LEDs, which leached Pb [lead] at levels exceeding regulatory limits (186 mg/L; regulatory limit: 5). However, according to California regulations, excessive levels of copper (up to 3892 mg/kg; limit: 2500), lead (up to 8103 mg/kg; limit: 1000), nickel (up to 4797 mg/kg; limit: 2000), or silver (up to 721 mg/kg; limit: 500) render all except low-intensity yellow LEDs hazardous.\"", "title": "Light-emitting diode" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zealandia (/ ziːˈlændiə /), also known as the New Zealand continent or Tasmantis, is a nearly submerged mass of continental crust that sank after breaking away from Australia 60 -- 85 million years ago, having separated from Antarctica between 85 and 130 million years ago. It has variously been described as a continental fragment, a microcontinent and a continent. The name and concept for Zealandia were proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995.", "title": "Zealandia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Newell Point is the rocky point forming the northeast extremity of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and is a northwest entrance point of Nelson Strait.", "title": "Newell Point" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms a giant ice sheet which covers the land. Parts of this ice sheet form moving glaciers known as ice streams, which flow towards the edges of the continent. Next to the continental shore are many ice shelves. These are floating extensions of outflowing glaciers from the continental ice mass. Offshore, temperatures are also low enough that ice is formed from seawater through most of the year. It is important to understand the various types of Antarctic ice to understand possible effects on sea levels and the implications of global cooling.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sadala Point (, ‘Nos Sadala’ \\'nos sa-'da-la\\) is a point on the southeast coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica projecting 500 m into Bransfield Strait. Situated 2.43 km northeast of the southeast extremity of Robert Point, 2.97 km south-southwest of Batuliya Point and 4.8 km south-southwest of Kitchen Point.", "title": "Sadala Point" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ``ploughed ''through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere (crust and upper mantle).", "title": "Seafloor spreading" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Robert Point is a rocky point at the end of a small peninsula projecting 2.7 km into Bransfield Strait from the southeast coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica to form the east side of the entrance to Devesil Bight.", "title": "Robert Point" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The continental margin, between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain, comprises a steep continental slope followed by the flatter continental rise. Sediment from the continent above cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. Extending as far as 500 km (310 mi) from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. The continental rise's gradient is intermediate between the slope and the shelf, on the order of 0.5 -- 1 °.", "title": "Continental shelf" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the southern part of the state, including the Gravelly Range, the Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains and the Beartooth Mountains. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental United States. It contains the highest point in the state, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901 m) high. North of these ranges are the Big Belt Mountains, Bridger Mountains, Tobacco Roots, and several island ranges, including the Crazy Mountains and Little Belt Mountains.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to ``drift ''across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.", "title": "Continental drift" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may have been anomalously high. Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia remained independent continents following the break-up of the supercontinent of Pannotia. Gondwana started to drift toward the South Pole. Panthalassa covered most of the southern hemisphere, and minor oceans included the Proto-Tethys Ocean, Iapetus Ocean and Khanty Ocean.", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran. Glaciers cover about 10 percent of Earth's land surface. Continental glaciers cover nearly 13,000,000 km2 (5×10^6 sq mi) or about 98 percent of Antarctica's 13,200,000 km2 (5.1×10^6 sq mi), with an average thickness of 2,100 m (7,000 ft). Greenland and Patagonia also have huge expanses of continental glaciers.", "title": "Glacier" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Point Roberts Airpark is a single-grass-runway airport located in the town of Point Roberts, Washington. The airport, along with the marina, provide the only access to the rest of Washington state without first having to pass through British Columbia.", "title": "Point Roberts Airpark" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The continental margin, between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain, comprises a steep continental slope followed by the flatter continental rise. Sediment from the continent above cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. Extending as far as 500 km (310 mi) from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. The continental rise's gradient is intermediate between the slope and the shelf.", "title": "Continental shelf" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ``ploughed ''through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere.", "title": "Seafloor spreading" } ]	Where is the continental limit on the continent which contains Robert Point?	60th parallel south	[]	Title: Antarctica Passage: Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station. Title: Robert Point Passage: Robert Point is a rocky point at the end of a small peninsula projecting 2.7 km into Bransfield Strait from the southeast coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica to form the east side of the entrance to Devesil Bight. Title: Glacier Passage: On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran. Glaciers cover about 10 percent of Earth's land surface. Continental glaciers cover nearly 13,000,000 km2 (5×10^6 sq mi) or about 98 percent of Antarctica's 13,200,000 km2 (5.1×10^6 sq mi), with an average thickness of 2,100 m (7,000 ft). Greenland and Patagonia also have huge expanses of continental glaciers.	[ "Antarctica", "Robert Point" ]
2hop__648508_121880	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series chronicles the lives of three generations of the Short family as they go about their daily lives in Los Angeles County. Each episode is told as four short stories, one for each branch of the Short family.", "title": "Life in Pieces" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeff DeGrandis is an American animation director and producer. Currently he's Executive Producer at Warner Bros Animation on \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz.\" Jeff has served as Supervising Producer on \"Dora the Explorer\", \"Go, Diego, Go!\", and \"Ni Hao Kai Lan\". He recently produced, directed, voice directed and created \"The Finster Finster Show!\" short for \"Random! Cartoons\" and voiced Chicken #1.", "title": "Jeff DeGrandis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"You Take Me for Granted\" is a song written by Leona Williams, and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers. It was released in March 1983 as the second single from the album \"Going Where the Lonely Go\". \"You Take Me for Granted\" was Merle Haggard's twenty-ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart.", "title": "You Take Me for Granted" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Balderrama (born May 29, 1973) is an American choreographer, Broadway dancer, and producer. He lives in Manhattan, New York, and has had residency there for almost 10 years. Michael has worked with people such as Michael Jackson, Vanessa Williams, and many more. He was born and raised in the state of Texas, but moved to Illinois for his high school years. During high school was when his dance interest peaked. After high school he attended college for one year, but eventually dropped out to live out his dream of dancing. He started off in Los Angeles, and eventually moved to New York to truly let his career take off.", "title": "Michael Balderrama" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Maze Prison escape (known to Irish republicans as the Great Escape) took place on 25 September 1983 in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. HM Prison Maze (also known as Long Kesh) was a maximum security prison considered to be one of the most escape-proof prisons in Europe, and held prisoners convicted of taking part in armed paramilitary campaigns during the Troubles. In the biggest prison escape in UK history, 38 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) prisoners escaped from H-Block 7 (H7) of the prison. One prison officer died of a heart attack during the escape and twenty others were injured, including two who were shot with guns that had been smuggled into the prison. The escape was a propaganda coup for the IRA, and a British government minister faced calls to resign. The official inquiry into the escape placed most of the blame onto prison staff, who in turn blamed the escape on political interference in the running of the prison.", "title": "Maze Prison escape" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silk is a British television drama series produced by the BBC which was broadcast over three series on BBC One between 22 February 2011 and 31 March 2014. Created by Peter Moffat, the series follows the daily goings on of Shoe Lane Chambers and its members in their personal and professional lives.", "title": "Silk (TV series)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enoch Cobb Wines (February 17, 1806 – December 10, 1879) was an American Congregational minister and prison reform advocate. He was born at Hanover Township, New Jersey, and graduated at Middlebury College in 1827. After teaching for some years he studied theology and began to preach in 1849. He served in a number of widely different positions in his lifetime. The foremost of them were: pastor at Cornwall, Vermont and East Hampton, Long Island; professor of languages in Washington College, Pennsylvania (1853); and president of St. Louis University in 1859. In 1862 he became secretary of the New York Prison Association, and of the National Prison Association in 1870. In 1871–72 he organized in London the first international congress on prison discipline. Amongst his publications are:", "title": "Enoch Cobb Wines" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Upon his recovery from his illness and associated treatment, Reed resumed his education at Syracuse University in 1960, studying journalism, film directing, and creative writing. He was a platoon leader in ROTC; he said he was later expelled from the program for holding an unloaded gun to his superior's head.", "title": "Lou Reed" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Really Hate My Job\" is the story of the lives of five women stuck working in a second-rate London restaurant with delusions of grandeur. The action takes place over a single evening. Customers come and go, unaware of the real concerns of these women: a rat or two in the kitchen, bitter arguments about life and art, as well as a coup d'état in the kitchen, all overshadowed by the anticipation of a booking by a famous Hollywood film star.", "title": "I Really Hate My Job" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133 (MH2133/MAS2133) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kota Kinabalu to Tawau which crashed due to pilot error on 15 September 1995, taking the lives of 32 of the 49 passengers and 2 of the 4 crew on board. The plane crashed during approach after a failed go-around. This was the first hull loss of a Fokker 50.", "title": "Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The illustrations on the cover were officially credited to Brent Bailer but Spanish illustrator won in 2000 a legal battle after which it was determined that the original drawing had been done by him for the cover of a magazine in the seventies. RCA was forced to pay Nazario 4 million pesetas (around 24,000 euros/$27,000 USD). Nazario has said that if Lou Reed had ever asked him for permission to use his drawing, he would probably have given it for free.", "title": "Live: Take No Prisoners" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Going for Broke is a 1984 album by Eddy Grant. Following the major success of the previous \"Killer on the Rampage\", this album takes a similar approach but was not as successful. It featured the U.S. hit \"Romancing the Stone\", as well as the singles \"Till I Can't Take Love No More\" and \"Boys in the Street\".", "title": "Going for Broke (album)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Oven is an 1899 Russian short story attributed to Leo Tolstoy about a man (in other tellings of the tale, a couple) whose house has a malfunctioning oven. Thinking his neighbour to be jealous of his large house, the character ignores out of hand his suggestion to have the oven repaired. But even taking into account the ensuing Russian winter, he finds that the oven requires a disproportionately large amount of firewood to maintain a livable minimum temperature in the house...and ends up having to tear down his fences, outbuildings, and outer rooms for fuel to keep the oven going, until eventually he is left with nothing but the oven itself and has to go away and live with strangers.", "title": "The Big Oven" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luke Evans as Gaston, a narcissistic and arrogant hunter and veteran of the French Royal Army who is willing to go as far as it takes to have Belle as his trophy wife.", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vado a riprendermi il gatto (\"I'm going to take back the cat\") is a 1987 Italian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Giuliano Biagetti.", "title": "Vado a riprendermi il gatto" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historically, the SAT was more widely used by students living in coastal states and the ACT was more widely used by students in the Midwest and South; in recent years, however, an increasing number of students on the East and West coasts have been taking the ACT. Since 2007, all four-year colleges and universities in the United States that require a test as part of an application for admission will accept either the SAT or ACT, and over 950 four-year colleges and universities do not require any standardized test scores at all for admission.", "title": "SAT" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the film adaptations of Philosopher's Stone (2001) and Chamber of Secrets (2002), Dumbledore was played by Richard Harris, who was expected to play Dumbledore throughout the series. Harris mentioned that he was originally not going to take the role, since he knew his own health was in decline. He accepted because his then - 11 - year - old granddaughter threatened never to speak to him again if he did not take it. Harris was determined to portray Dumbledore again in Prisoner of Azkaban (which was released in 2004), despite having been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, and asked David Heyman not to recast the role. However, his death on 25 October 2002 necessitated recasting.", "title": "Albus Dumbledore" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The infamous penal colonies, including Devil's Island, were gradually phased out and then formally closed in 1951. At first, only those freed prisoners who could raise the fare for their return passage to France were able to go home, so French Guiana was haunted after the official closing of the prisons by numerous freed convicts leading an aimless existence in the colony.", "title": "History of French Guiana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the end of apartheid, the island has become a popular destination with global tourists. It is managed by Robben Island Museum (RIM); which operates the site as a living museum. In 1999 the island was declared a World Heritage Site. Every year thousands of visitors take the ferry from the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town for tours of the island and its former prison. Many of the guides are former prisoners. All land on the island is owned by the state of South Africa with the exception of the island church. It is open all year around, weather permitting.", "title": "Robben Island" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Prisoner of Her Past\" was directed by Gordon Quinn, a founder of Kartemquin Films. The film was produced by Joanna Rudnick and \"Chicago Tribune\" journalist, Howard Reich, with Associate Producer, Zak Piper. The film was a co-production of Kartemquin Films and the \"Chicago Tribune\". Prisoner of Her Past was the February 2010 winner of the Accolade Competition's Best of Show Award.", "title": "Prisoner of Her Past" } ]	What was the college of the producer of Live: Take No Prisoners?	Syracuse University	[ "Cuse", "SU" ]	Title: Lou Reed Passage: Upon his recovery from his illness and associated treatment, Reed resumed his education at Syracuse University in 1960, studying journalism, film directing, and creative writing. He was a platoon leader in ROTC; he said he was later expelled from the program for holding an unloaded gun to his superior's head. Title: You Take Me for Granted Passage: "You Take Me for Granted" is a song written by Leona Williams, and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers. It was released in March 1983 as the second single from the album "Going Where the Lonely Go". "You Take Me for Granted" was Merle Haggard's twenty-ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. Title: Live: Take No Prisoners Passage: The illustrations on the cover were officially credited to Brent Bailer but Spanish illustrator won in 2000 a legal battle after which it was determined that the original drawing had been done by him for the cover of a magazine in the seventies. RCA was forced to pay Nazario 4 million pesetas (around 24,000 euros/$27,000 USD). Nazario has said that if Lou Reed had ever asked him for permission to use his drawing, he would probably have given it for free.	[ "Lou Reed", "Live: Take No Prisoners" ]
2hop__150011_107869	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom co-created and starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on an upper middle-class black family living in Brooklyn, New York.", "title": "The Cosby Show" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jana von Lahnstein (\"née\" Brandner) is a fictional character in the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\" (\"Forbidden Love\"). The character was played by the actress Friederike Sipp from 1 October 2002 to 21 March 2005. The character was recast with Vanessa Jung, who played the role from 23 March 2005 to 20 February 2008.", "title": "Jana von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.", "title": "Verbotene Liebe" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show, entitled Keeping Up With the Kardashians, premiered on October 14, 2007. The reality series centers around the members of the Kardashian - Jenner blended family, focusing on the sisters Kourtney, Kim and Khloé. Most episodes have very similar structure: the family ``show (s) off their privileged lifestyle and maybe get into one or two minor family squabbles before ultimately wrapping things up with a monologue that reinforces the importance of family, ''as noted by Caroline Siede of Quartz. Harriet Ryan and Adam Tschorn of the Los Angeles Times described the reality series as a:`` Hollywood version of The Brady Bunch -- the harmless high jinks of a loving blended family against a backdrop of wealth and famous connections''. Kim Kardashian described the beginning of filming the show, ``When we first started (the show), we came together as a family and said, 'If we're going to do this reality show, we're going to be 100 percent who we really are.' ''. She further commented on the show's authenticity by saying that the network`` has never once put anything out there that we have n't approved of or accepted''. The series was renewed for a second season one month after its premiere due to high ratings. Seacrest described the show's success: ``At the heart of the series -- despite the catfights and endless sarcasm -- is a family that truly loves and supports one another (...) The familiar dynamics of this family make them one Hollywood bunch that is sure to entertain. ''", "title": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Expedición Robinson was a popular television show that aired in Argentina from 2000 to 2001 and was the first edition of \"Robinson\", or \"Survivor\" as it is referred to in some countries to air in South America. The show was not a success in Argentina and after only two seasons the show was canceled. The name alludes to both \"Robinson Crusoe\" and \"The Swiss Family Robinson\", two stories featuring people marooned by shipwrecks.", "title": "Expedición Robinson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984 until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle - class African - American family living in Brooklyn, New York.", "title": "The Cosby Show" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Helena von Lahnstein is a fictional character of the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character has been played by Renée Weibel since October 5, 2009.", "title": "Helena von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hagen von Lahnstein is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\". The character has been played by Christoph Mory, after being introduced by Tom Viehöfer.", "title": "Hagen von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Addams Family is a musical comedy with music and lyrics by Andrew Lippa and the book by Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice. The show is based upon The Addams Family characters created by Charles Addams in his single - panel gag cartoons, which depict a ghoulish American family with an affinity for all things macabre. Although numerous film and television adaptations of Addams' cartoons exist, the musical is the first stage show based on the characters. The Addams Family is also the first show produced by Elephant Eye Theatricals.", "title": "The Addams Family (musical)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Orenthal Brown Jr. is a character in the animated television series Family Guy, and its spin - off series The Cleveland Show. He is the son of Cleveland Brown and his late ex-wife Loretta. On Family Guy, he was depicted as slim and hyperactive; however, on The Cleveland Show he is shown to have undergone a marked transformation, both in terms of a significant increase in weight and a newly subdued personality. In episode ``March Dadness ''of The Cleveland Show he admits to`` putting on a few pounds since my Quahog days''. He was voiced by Mike Henry in Family Guy and by Kevin Michael Richardson in The Cleveland Show and on the character's return to the former show.", "title": "Cleveland Brown Jr." }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah von Lahnstein (née Käppler, formerly Hofmann) is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by actress Sina-Valeska Jung from 11 July 2006 to 5 May 2009.", "title": "Sarah von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Lahnstein family is a very wealthy and aristocratic prestigious fictional family on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The Lahnsteins have been a staple on \"Verbotene Liebe\" since their introduction in September 2003.", "title": "Lahnstein family" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nathalie Brandner (née Käppler, formerly von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character is portrayed by actress Jenny Winkler. She first appeared on 12 November 2004 and had her final appearance on 14 December 2010.", "title": "Nathalie Brandner" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "5-Star Family Reunion is a BBC National Lottery game show that was broadcast on BBC One from 25 July 2015 to 15 October 2016. The programme is hosted by Nick Knowles.", "title": "5-Star Family Reunion" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family Biz is a Canadian television show, filmed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada starring Doug Murray, Ephraim Ellis and Kate Corbett. Created by James Nadler, the show is currently airing on YTV and France 2. The first episode was shown on YTV. The show has been rated \"C8+\" in Canada, where it ran for one season from March 6 to December 8, 2009.", "title": "Family Biz" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rebecca von Lahnstein is a character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by Jasmin Lord and debuted on June 17, 2008. In 2009, Lord earned the \"Miss Soap award\" as the most beautiful actress in a soap opera, followed by the \"German Soap Award\" as Sexiest Woman in 2011. It was announced on January 18, 2011 that Lord is going to leave the show and finishes shooting in April 2011. She made her last on-screen appearance on July 27, 2011. After a few months the character was recast with Tatjana Kästel, who made her first on-screen appearance on February 13, 2012.", "title": "Rebecca von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian von Lahnstein is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by actor Joscha Kiefer from November 26, 2007 to October 13, 2009. The part was recast with Sebastian Schlemmer who took over the role on October 19, 2009.", "title": "Sebastian von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein. She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998. Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October. She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004. Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children. She left again in December 2009 and returned in April 2010.", "title": "Tanja von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The RHS Chelsea Flower Show, formally known as the Great Spring Show, is a garden show held for five days in May by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) in the grounds of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in Chelsea, London. Held at Chelsea since 1912, it is the most famous flower and landscape gardens show in the United Kingdom, and perhaps in the world. The show is attended by members of the British Royal Family and attracts visitors from all continents.", "title": "Chelsea Flower Show" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disney Q Family Mastermind is a show created to be aired on Disney Channel India. The show is the reworked version of the popular BBC TV series, \"Mastermind\", tweaked to include families as participants. The show is hosted by Benjamin Gilani.", "title": "Disney Q Family Mastermind" } ]	Who created the show that the Lahnstein family is from?	Reg Watson	[]	Title: Lahnstein family Passage: The Lahnstein family is a very wealthy and aristocratic prestigious fictional family on the German soap opera "Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)". The Lahnsteins have been a staple on "Verbotene Liebe" since their introduction in September 2003. Title: Hagen von Lahnstein Passage: Hagen von Lahnstein is a fictional character on the German soap opera "Verbotene Liebe". The character has been played by Christoph Mory, after being introduced by Tom Viehöfer. Title: Verbotene Liebe Passage: Verbotene Liebe (, lit. "Forbidden Love") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, "Verbotene Liebe" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.	[ "Verbotene Liebe", "Lahnstein family" ]
2hop__281766_160851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guyana competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. They won their first, and only Olympic medal to date during these games. Eight competitors, seven men and one woman, took part in ten events in three sports.", "title": "Guyana at the 1980 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olga Šplíchalová (born September 1, 1975 in Třebíč, Vysočina) is a retired female freestyle swimmer from the Czech Republic, who twice competed for her native country at the Olympic Games: in 1992 and 1996.", "title": "Olga Šplíchalová" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malaysia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 26 competitors, all men, took part in 11 events in 6 sports. The nation won its first ever Olympic medal at these Games.", "title": "Malaysia at the 1992 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vietnam competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. It is the 13th summer games in which the nation has competed since its first appearance in 1952. Although it has sent a modest delegation every year it has competed, Vietnam had only earned one Olympic medal before Beijing (in 2000). The Vietnam Olympic Committee sent thirteen athletes to compete in eight of the 28 Olympic sports. It is the largest ever contingent for the nation, up from 11 in the 2004 games.", "title": "Vietnam at the 2008 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Latvia won their first summer Olympic gold medal at these games. 45 competitors, 30 men and 15 women, took part in 47 events in 13 sports.", "title": "Latvia at the 2000 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in Wembley Park, London, England. 79 competitors, all men, took part in 39 events in 10 sports. It was the first time that India competed as an independent nation at the Olympic Games.", "title": "India at the 1948 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guatemala competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. 21 competitors, 20 men and 1 woman, took part in 26 events in 6 sports.", "title": "Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Szmidt competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and was supposed to represent his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics, but didn't start due to the international boycott of the Moscow Games. A resident of Sarnia, Ontario he won a total number of three medals at the 1979 Pan American Games.", "title": "Peter Szmidt" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Batali River is a river in Dominica. It rises on the southern slopes of Morne Diablotins, flowing southwest to reach the Caribbean Sea on the country's northwestern coast, close to the town of Barroui.", "title": "Batali River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey is a sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. A men's ice hockey tournament has been held every Winter Olympics (starting in 1924); an ice hockey tournament was also held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. From 1920 to 1968, the Olympics also acted as the Ice Hockey World Championships, and the two events occurred concurrently. From 1920 until 1984, only amateur athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament, and players from the National Hockey League (NHL) were not allowed to compete. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state - sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. In 1970, after a disagreement over the definition of amateur players, Canada withdrew from the tournament and did not send a team to the 1972 or 1976 Winter Olympics. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympics, and starting in 1998, the NHL allowed its players to participate. Women's ice hockey was added in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Both events have been held at every Olympic Games since.", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in ice hockey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games.", "title": "Dominica at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kateřina Pivoňková (born May 6, 1979 in Vlašim, Středočeský) is a retired female backstroke swimmer from the Czech Republic, who twice competed for her native country at the Olympic Games: in 1996 and 2004.", "title": "Kateřina Pivoňková" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then. Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Slovak athletes competed for Czechoslovakia at the Olympics.", "title": "Slovakia at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France was the host of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. France was one of many nations that had competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Greece and had returned to compete at the 1900 Games.", "title": "France at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He twice won the gold medal in the men's 5.000 metres at the Central American and Caribbean Games, and competed for his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.", "title": "Pablo Olmedo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.", "title": "Dominican Republic at the 1964 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mexico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924. Mexico has also participated in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928, though has never medaled in the Winter Olympics.", "title": "Mexico at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Afghanistan first competed at the Summer Olympic Games at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In all, they sent 19 competitors, but only 13 competed.", "title": "Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics" } ]	When did the country where Batali river is located first compete in the Olympics?	1996	[]	Title: Dominica at the Olympics Passage: Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games. Title: Batali River Passage: The Batali River is a river in Dominica. It rises on the southern slopes of Morne Diablotins, flowing southwest to reach the Caribbean Sea on the country's northwestern coast, close to the town of Barroui. Title: France at the 1900 Summer Olympics Passage: France was the host of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. France was one of many nations that had competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Greece and had returned to compete at the 1900 Games.	[ "Batali River", "Dominica at the Olympics" ]
3hop1__390743_165379_161879	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Maccoby is an American psychoanalyst and anthropologist globally recognized as an expert on leadership for his research, writing and projects to improve organizations and work. He has authored or co-authored fourteen books and consulted to companies, governments, the World Bank, unions, research and development centers and laboratories, universities and orphanages or taught in 36 countries. Maccoby's article, \"Narcissistic Leaders: the Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons\" written in January 2000, was awarded a McKinsey Award from the Harvard Business Review.", "title": "Michael Maccoby" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Open Door policy was rooted in the desire of U.S. businesses to trade with Chinese markets, though it also tapped the deep - seated sympathies of those who opposed imperialism, with the policy pledging to protect China's sovereignty and territorial integrity from partition. It had little legal standing, and was mainly used to mediate competing interests of the colonial powers without much meaningful input from the Chinese, creating lingering resentment and causing it to later be seen as a symbol of national humiliation by Chinese historians.", "title": "Open Door Policy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1988, the World Health Organization, together with Rotary International, UNICEF, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention passed the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, with the goal of eradicating polio by the year 2000. The Initiative was inspired by Rotary International's 1985 pledge to raise $120 million toward immunising all of the world's children against the disease. The last case of wild poliovirus poliomyelitis in the Americas was reported in Peru, August 1991.", "title": "Polio eradication" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Off Center is a collection of five science fiction short stories by Damon Knight. The stories were originally published between 1952 and 1964 in \"Galaxy\", \"If\" and other science fiction magazines.", "title": "Off Center" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In between the French and the British, large areas were dominated by native tribes. To the north, the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia, Acadia, and the eastern portions of the province of Canada, as well as much of present-day Maine. The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of present-day Upstate New York and the Ohio Country, although the latter also included Algonquian-speaking populations of Delaware and Shawnee, as well as Iroquoian-speaking Mingo. These tribes were formally under Iroquois rule, and were limited by them in authority to make agreements.", "title": "French and Indian War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pledge of Allegiance is an oath of allegiance to the United States, addressed to both the flag and the Republic. It was composed by Rear Admiral George Balch in 1887, and revised by Francis Bellamy in 1892. In 1942 it was formally adopted by Congress. Congress gave it the name The Pledge of Allegiance in 1945. In 1954 the words ``under God ''were added.", "title": "Pledge of Allegiance" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Damon Francis Knight (September 19, 1922 – April 15, 2002) was an American science fiction author, editor and critic. He is the author of \"To Serve Man\", a 1950 short story adapted for \"The Twilight Zone\". He was married to fellow writer Kate Wilhelm.", "title": "Damon Knight" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pledge Of Allegiance is the national pledge of The Commonwealth of the Bahamas which was written by Rev. Philip Rahming.", "title": "Pledge of Allegiance (Bahamas)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered on the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the second largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. The city of Tucson is also a major hub for the Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route that links the Los Angeles ports with the South/Southeast regions of the country.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melek Bilge (born March 23, 1989 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish professional female basketball player. Melek's parents are from Serbia. She has both Turkish and Serbian citizenship. She currently plays for Bodrum Belediyesi in Second League of Turkey at position center.", "title": "Melek Bilge" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Robert Slingsby, 1st Baronet (1611–1661) was an English baronet, author and Naval commander, and in his last years a much-loved colleague of Samuel Pepys.", "title": "Sir Robert Slingsby, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The PLO also recognized Israel's right to exist and pledged an end to terrorism. In 1994, the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel. Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli settlements and checkpoints, and the deterioration of economic conditions. Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by Palestinian suicide attacks. Finally, while leaving a peace rally in November 1995, Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 1965, the Port Authority began acquiring property at the World Trade Center site. Demolition work began on March 21, 1966, to clear thirteen square blocks of low rise buildings in Radio Row for construction of the World Trade Center. Groundbreaking for the construction of the World Trade Center took place on August 5, 1966.", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The need of the developing laws such as the International Labor Organization(ILO), the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), and the World Health Organization(WHO), led to the 1972 U.N. Conference on Human Environment(the Stockholm Conference) to tackle the pollution caused by the industrial revolution during the 1960s and 1970s. In this conference, various topics including marine life, protection of resources, environment change, disasters related to nature, and biological change were discussed. This conference resulted in a Declaration on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration) and the establishment of an environmental management body, which later was named United Nations Environment Program(UNEP). UNEP was established by General Assembly Resolution 2997. Headquarters were established in Nairobi and Kenya with a staff of 300, including 100 professionals in a variety of fields, and with a five-year fund of more than US$100 million. At the time, US$40 million were pledged by The United States and the remainder by 50 other nations. The Voluntary Indicative Scale of Contribution (VISC) established in 2002 has the role to increase the supporters of the UNEP. The finances related to all programs of UNEP is voluntarily contributed by U.N. member states. The Environmental Fund, which all nations of UNEP invest in, is the core source of UNEP’ s programs. Between 1974 and 1986 UNEP produced more than 200 technical guidelines or manuals on environment including forest and water management, pest control, pollution monitoring, the relationship between chemical use and health, and management of industry.", "title": "United Nations Environment Programme" } ]	How much was pledged by the country where Off Center's author is a citizen?	$40 million	[]	Title: Damon Knight Passage: Damon Francis Knight (September 19, 1922 – April 15, 2002) was an American science fiction author, editor and critic. He is the author of "To Serve Man", a 1950 short story adapted for "The Twilight Zone". He was married to fellow writer Kate Wilhelm. Title: United Nations Environment Programme Passage: The need of the developing laws such as the International Labor Organization(ILO), the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), and the World Health Organization(WHO), led to the 1972 U.N. Conference on Human Environment(the Stockholm Conference) to tackle the pollution caused by the industrial revolution during the 1960s and 1970s. In this conference, various topics including marine life, protection of resources, environment change, disasters related to nature, and biological change were discussed. This conference resulted in a Declaration on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration) and the establishment of an environmental management body, which later was named United Nations Environment Program(UNEP). UNEP was established by General Assembly Resolution 2997. Headquarters were established in Nairobi and Kenya with a staff of 300, including 100 professionals in a variety of fields, and with a five-year fund of more than US$100 million. At the time, US$40 million were pledged by The United States and the remainder by 50 other nations. The Voluntary Indicative Scale of Contribution (VISC) established in 2002 has the role to increase the supporters of the UNEP. The finances related to all programs of UNEP is voluntarily contributed by U.N. member states. The Environmental Fund, which all nations of UNEP invest in, is the core source of UNEP’ s programs. Between 1974 and 1986 UNEP produced more than 200 technical guidelines or manuals on environment including forest and water management, pest control, pollution monitoring, the relationship between chemical use and health, and management of industry. Title: Off Center Passage: Off Center is a collection of five science fiction short stories by Damon Knight. The stories were originally published between 1952 and 1964 in "Galaxy", "If" and other science fiction magazines.	[ "Off Center", "Damon Knight", "United Nations Environment Programme" ]
2hop__104341_46042	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team.", "title": "Luis Villafañe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Robertson Nature Reserve is a protected rainforest nature reserve that is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The reserve is situated near on the edge of the Illawarra Escarpment and is a remnant of the \"Yarrawa Brush\", once in size.", "title": "Robertson Nature Reserve" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Scandinavian coastal conifer forest ecoregion or the Norwegian coastal conifer forest ecoregion, a Palearctic ecoregion in the temperate coniferous forests biome, is located in along the coast of Norway. Within it are a number of small areas with botanical features and a local climate consistent with a temperate rainforest.", "title": "Scandinavian coastal conifer forests" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Worth State Park is a state park in Victoria, Australia. It is located 15 km south of Warragul in the western Strzelecki Ranges. It offers rainforest walking trails and scenic views of Gippsland as well as across the Latrobe Valley to the Great Dividing Range.", "title": "Mount Worth State Park" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "El Yunque National Rainforest is located on the slopes of the Sierra de Luquillo mountains, encompassing 28,000 acres (43.753 mi or 113.32 km) of land, making it the largest block of public land in Puerto Rico.", "title": "El Yunque National Forest" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sensational Kidnapping (Spanish:Secuestro sensacional) is a 1942 Argentine comedy film directed by Luis Bayón Herrera and starring Luis Sandrini, Elsa O'Connor and Osvaldo Miranda. After somebody runs away from home, it is wrongly believed they have been kidnapped.", "title": "Sensational Kidnapping" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum. However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bromela is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Bromela is located along the Old Southern Pacific Railroad(Now Union Pacific) south of Arroyo Grande.", "title": "Bromela, California" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tenaru Falls is a waterfall in the rainforest of Guadacanal, Solomon Islands. It is a fall into the Chea River.", "title": "Tenaru Falls" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest, also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses , of which are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ángel Luis Andreo Gabán (born 3 December 1972 in Madrid) is a water polo player from Spain, who was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. He also competed for his native country in the Summer Games of 2000 and 2004.", "title": "Ángel Andreo" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This species is found only in a small area of plateau rainforest in the Clarke Range west of Mackay in Queensland. Occasionally this species can be seen foraging on the rainforest margin and adjacent open forest.", "title": "Eungella honeyeater" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain ``Amazonas ''in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin. There is debate, however, over how extensive this reduction was. Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today. This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chorro is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Chorro is located along a railroad line, and California State Route 1, just north of San Luis Obispo. It is the location of El Chorro Regional Park.", "title": "Chorro, California" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain ``Amazonas ''in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100. However, simulations of Amazon basin climate change across many different models are not consistent in their estimation of any rainfall response, ranging from weak increases to strong decreases. The result indicates that the rainforest could be threatened though the 21st century by climate change in addition to deforestation.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain \"Amazonas\" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" } ]	Where is the rainforest located in the country Luis Villafane is from?	slopes of the Sierra de Luquillo mountains	[ "Sierra de Luquillo" ]	Title: Luis Villafañe Passage: Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team. Title: El Yunque National Forest Passage: El Yunque National Rainforest is located on the slopes of the Sierra de Luquillo mountains, encompassing 28,000 acres (43.753 mi or 113.32 km) of land, making it the largest block of public land in Puerto Rico. Title: Chorro, California Passage: Chorro is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Chorro is located along a railroad line, and California State Route 1, just north of San Luis Obispo. It is the location of El Chorro Regional Park.	[ "Luis Villafañe", "El Yunque National Forest" ]
2hop__352074_161223	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Teide (Spanish: Pico del Teide, pronounced (ˈpiko ðel ˈtei̯ðe), ``Teide Peak '') is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its 3,718 - metre (12,198 ft) summit is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic.", "title": "Teide" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cerro del Bolsón is a mountain in the Aconquija Range of Argentina, in Tucumán province. It is the highest point of a significant eastern spur of the main range of the Andes, east of the Puna de Atacama region. It lies about 200 kilometres east of Ojos del Salado, the highest point in the Puna de Atacama.", "title": "Cerro del Bolsón" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nassacher Höhe is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany. The highest point of the Hassberge. It is 512 m above NN.", "title": "Nassacher Höhe" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Gabon, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. In Uganda however, it occurs at altitudes between 1,100 and 1,400 metres.", "title": "Green-breasted pitta" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pakwach is a town in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the main commercial, political and administrative center of Pakwach District.", "title": "Pakwach" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mafadi () is a peak on the border of South Africa and Lesotho. At a height of , it is the highest mountain in the nation of South Africa, but is lower than Thabana Ntlenyana, the highest peak in Lesotho which is, at , the highest point in Southern Africa. Mafadi lies at S 29 12 08.4 E 29 21 25.5 in the WGS84 format.", "title": "Mafadi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points.", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by elevation" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chemin des Révoires is a pathway within Les Révoires district of the Principality of Monaco. It is the highest point in Monaco.", "title": "Chemin des Révoires" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thabana Ntlenyana, which literally means \"Beautiful little mountain\" in Sesotho, is the highest point in Lesotho and the highest mountain in southern Africa. It is situated on the Mohlesi ridge of the Drakensberg/Maloti Mountains, north of Sani Pass. It stands at high.", "title": "Thabana Ntlenyana" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Korovin Volcano is the highest point on Atka Island in the Aleutian Islands chain Alaska, United States. Korovin is a side vent to the main Atka shield volcano. However, Korovin is the highest point on the island.", "title": "Korovin Volcano" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lars Christensen Peak, also known as Lars Christensentoppen, is the highest point at on Peter I Island, off the coast of Antarctica.", "title": "Lars Christensen Peak" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monniaz is a village in the municipality of Jussy in Switzerland. At 513 metres it is highest place in the canton of Geneva and also its easternmost village. The highest point of the canton (516 m) is located north of Monniaz, near Les Arales (French border). It is also the lowest of the cantons' high points.", "title": "Monniaz" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punta Marguareis (It) or Pointe Marguareis (Fr) is a mountain in the Ligurian Alps, on the boundary between Italy and France; It is the highest peak of the Ligurian Alps.", "title": "Punta Marguareis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dalhousie Mountain is a Canadian peak in the Cobequid Mountains and the highest elevation point in Pictou County, Nova Scotia.", "title": "Dalhousie Mountain" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 2,501.9 metres above sea level, Säntis is the highest mountain in the Alpstein massif of northeastern Switzerland. It is also the culminating point of the whole Appenzell Alps, between Lake Walen and Lake Constance. Shared by three cantons, the mountain is a highly visible landmark thanks to its exposed northerly position within the Alpstein massif. As a consequence, houses called \"Säntisblick\" (English: \"Säntis view\") can be found in regions as far away as the Black Forest in Germany. Säntis is among the most prominent summits in the Alps and the most prominent summit in Europe with an observation deck on the top. The panorama from the summit is spectacular. Six countries can be seen if the weather allows: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, France, and Italy.", "title": "Säntis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baraque Michel () is a locality in the municipality Jalhay, in the High Fens, eastern Belgium. Before the annexation of the Eastern Cantons by Belgium in 1919, it was the highest point of Belgium. Now it is the third highest point at , after the nearby Signal de Botrange () and the Weißer Stein ().", "title": "Baraque Michel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri.", "title": "Monte Solaro" } ]	What is the highest point at which it can be found in the country where Pakwach is located?	1,400 metres	[]	Title: Green-breasted pitta Passage: It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Gabon, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. In Uganda however, it occurs at altitudes between 1,100 and 1,400 metres. Title: Pakwach Passage: Pakwach is a town in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the main commercial, political and administrative center of Pakwach District. Title: Baraque Michel Passage: The Baraque Michel () is a locality in the municipality Jalhay, in the High Fens, eastern Belgium. Before the annexation of the Eastern Cantons by Belgium in 1919, it was the highest point of Belgium. Now it is the third highest point at , after the nearby Signal de Botrange () and the Weißer Stein ().	[ "Green-breasted pitta", "Pakwach" ]
2hop__161751_34874	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Grenada took place on 6 July 1779 during the Anglo-French War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy, just off the coast of Grenada. The British fleet of Admiral John Byron (the grandfather of Lord Byron) had sailed in an attempt to relieve Grenada, which the French forces of the Comte D'Estaing had just captured.", "title": "Battle of Grenada" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Every ship that arrived in Dejima was inspected. Its sails were held by the Japanese until they released the ship to leave. They confiscated religious books and weapons. The Dutch were not allowed to hold any religious services on the island.", "title": "Dejima" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1997, Péter Vörös was a participant in the FIFA World Youth Championship which was held in Malaysia, where Hungary failed to reach the second round.", "title": "Péter Vörös" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The three-masted, wooden hulled sailing ship was constructed at the Royal Naval Shipyard in Karlskrona in 1897 and served in the Swedish Navy as a sail training ship until 1938.", "title": "HSwMS Najaden (1897)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the two fleets were almost equal, the two Gothic commanders, Indulf and Gibal (the former a renegade retainer of Belisarius), resolved to meet the Romans in battle immediately, and sailed to meet them.Unlike in classical Antiquity, the warships of the 6th century did not feature rams; naval combat was therefore dominated by missile exchanges and boarding actions. In this form of combat, experience and the ability to maintain a formation of ships was essential, and the Byzantine crews held the advantage over the inexperienced Goths. Soon, in the heat of battle, some Gothic ships drifted off the main body and were easily destroyed, while others sailed too close together and were unable to maneuver. In the end, the weary Gothic fleet disintegrated and their ships fled as best as they could. They lost 36 ships, and Gibal was captured, while Indulf with the remainder fled towards Ancona. As soon as he came close to the Gothic army's camp, he beached his ships and set them on fire.This staggering defeat disheartened the Gothic force, which immediately abandoned the siege of Ancona and withdrew. Followed soon after by a series of Roman successes, the battle of Sena Gallica marked the beginning of the turn of the tide of the Gothic War in the Empire's favour.", "title": "Battle of Sena Gallica (551)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aston Martin Razor Blade team car was built in 1923 to break the one-hour light car record of held by AC Cars. Although it failed to break the record, it did have success in race and record attempts in the 1920s.", "title": "Razor Blade" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zachary Tristan \"Zac\" Sunderland (born November 29, 1991) is an American former sailor who was the first person under the age of 18 to sail solo around the world. Sunderland completed his trip after 13 months and 2 days at sea on July 16, 2009 at age 17. The record was previously held by Australian David Dicks, and was surpassed on August 27, 2009 by Michael Perham of England. Sunderland is the youngest American to complete a circumnavigation, surpassing Brian Caldwell, who finished in 1996 at age 20. However, Sunderland's record was not recognized by Guinness World Records, or by the World Sailing Speed Record Council.", "title": "Zac Sunderland" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fred Yates was born in Urmston, Lancashire, England in 1922. He began his working life as an insurance clerk but this career was cut short by the Second World War, during which he served with the Grenadier Guards. His twin brother was killed during the failed attempt to capture the bridge at Arnhem during Operation Market Garden in September 1944.", "title": "Fred Yates" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 25 December 1894, three ships, the Lagonda, the Almadis and the Baracoa, set sail for Cuba from Fernandina Beach, Florida, loaded with armed men and supplies. Two of the ships were seized by U.S. authorities in early January, who also alerted the Spanish government, but the proceedings went ahead. The insurrection began on 24 February 1895, with uprisings all across the island. In Oriente the most important ones took place in Santiago, Guantánamo, Jiguaní, San Luis, El Cobre, El Caney, Alto Songo, Bayate and Baire. The uprisings in the central part of the island, such as Ibarra, Jagüey Grande and Aguada, suffered from poor co-ordination and failed; the leaders were captured, some of them deported and some executed. In the province of Havana the insurrection was discovered before it got off and the leaders detained. Thus, the insurgents further west in Pinar del Río were ordered to wait.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Third Crusade (1189 -- 1192), also known as The Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad - Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb). The campaign was largely successful in capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade.", "title": "Third Crusade" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Continental Army forced the British out of Boston in 1776, but the British captured and held New York City for the duration of the war. The British blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods, but they failed to defeat Washington's forces. The Patriots unsuccessfully attempted to invade Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76, but they captured a British army at the Battle of Saratoga in late 1777, and the French entered the war as allies of the United States as a result. The war later turned to the American South where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at South Carolina but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory. A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in 1781, effectively ending the war in the United States. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the conflict, confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida.", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Jackal, or alternatively Operation June Dawns, commenced on 7 June 1992. The attacking HV/HVO force moved east and north from Čapljina towards Stolac and Mostar aiming to push the VRS back from the Neretva River and capture positions around Mostar. The HV/HVO force captured the first objective of the offensive, the town of Tasovčići located across the Neretva River, opposite Čapljina, on 8 June. The HV component of the force which captured Tasovčići, the 156th Infantry Brigade, was detached from the force tasked with continued advance to capture Klepci and Prebilovci to protect the right flank of the Neretva bridgehead. The HV 116th Infantry Brigade held the Neretva River valley south of the bridgehead and east of Metković.", "title": "Operation Jackal" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The \"Ocean to City\" race has been held annually since 2005, and attracts teams and boats from local and visiting clubs who row the 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Crosshaven into Cork city centre. The decision to move the National Rowing Center to Inniscarra has boosted numbers involved in the sport.[citation needed] Cork's maritime sailing heritage is maintained through its sailing clubs. The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and \"Cork Week\" is a notable sailing event.", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the American bombing, everyone fled the Taliban camp where he was held. Batayev described fleeing and subsequently being captured by fundamentalist Muslims allied to the USA in return for a bounty.", "title": "Tom Johnson (lawyer)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 8 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics program in Le Havre. A program of matches and semi-finals were scheduled. In case of a tie sail-off's could be held. 25 sailors, on 5 boats from 5 nations competed. A sixth entry from Italy did not show.", "title": "Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Long service leave was introduced in Australia in the 1860s. The idea was to allow civil servants the opportunity to sail home to England after 10 years' service in 'the colonies'. It was 13 weeks for every ten years of service, composed of five weeks to sail back to England, three weeks of leave and five weeks to sail back.", "title": "Long service leave" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On November 22, 1595, English privateer Sir Francis Drake—with 27 vessels and 2,500 troops—sailed into San Juan Bay intending to loot the city. However, they were unable to defeat the forces entrenched in the forts. Knowing Drake had failed to overcome the city's defenses by sea, on June 15, 1598, the Royal Navy, led by George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, landed troops from 21 ships to the east in Santurce. Clifford and his men met Spanish resistance while attempting to cross the San Antonio bridge (from an area known today as Condado) into the islet of San Juan. Nonetheless, the English conquered the island and held it for several months. They were forced to abandon the island owing to an outbreak of dysentery among the troops. The following year Spain sent soldiers, cannons, and a new governor, Alonso de Mercado, to rebuild the city of San Juan.", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Marie Pohtamo (born 15 August 1955) is a Finnish actress, model and beauty queen who was the second woman from Finland to capture the Miss Universe crown. She claimed the Miss Universe crown in 1975 at the pageant held in El Salvador.", "title": "Anne Marie Pohtamo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Japanese responded to the Allied attacks by launching an offensive of their own into India in the middle of March, across the mountainous and densely forested frontier. This attack, codenamed Operation U-Go, was advocated by Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi, the recently promoted commander of the Japanese Fifteenth Army; Imperial General Headquarters permitted it to proceed, despite misgivings at several intervening headquarters. Although several units of the British Fourteenth Army had to fight their way out of encirclement, by early April they had concentrated around Imphal in Manipur state. A Japanese division which had advanced to Kohima in Nagaland cut the main road to Imphal, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations drove the Japanese from the positions they had captured at Kohima.", "title": "Pacific War" } ]	what had the people who held their sails failed to capture?	defences at Kohima	[ "Kohima" ]	Title: Dejima Passage: Every ship that arrived in Dejima was inspected. Its sails were held by the Japanese until they released the ship to leave. They confiscated religious books and weapons. The Dutch were not allowed to hold any religious services on the island. Title: Battle of Grenada Passage: The Battle of Grenada took place on 6 July 1779 during the Anglo-French War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy, just off the coast of Grenada. The British fleet of Admiral John Byron (the grandfather of Lord Byron) had sailed in an attempt to relieve Grenada, which the French forces of the Comte D'Estaing had just captured. Title: Pacific War Passage: The Japanese responded to the Allied attacks by launching an offensive of their own into India in the middle of March, across the mountainous and densely forested frontier. This attack, codenamed Operation U-Go, was advocated by Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi, the recently promoted commander of the Japanese Fifteenth Army; Imperial General Headquarters permitted it to proceed, despite misgivings at several intervening headquarters. Although several units of the British Fourteenth Army had to fight their way out of encirclement, by early April they had concentrated around Imphal in Manipur state. A Japanese division which had advanced to Kohima in Nagaland cut the main road to Imphal, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations drove the Japanese from the positions they had captured at Kohima.	[ "Dejima", "Pacific War" ]
2hop__529082_114112	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anawrahta was born Min Saw (, ) to King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu and Queen Myauk Pyinthe on 11 May 1044. The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles. Among the chronicles, scholarship usually accepts \"Zata's\" dates, which are considered to be the most accurate for the Pagan period. Scholarship's dates for Anawrahta's birth, death and reign dates are closest to \"Zata's\" dates.", "title": "Anawrahta" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Memorial to Ippolito Merenda is a funerary monument designed by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini between 1636 and 1638. Along with the similar monument for Alessandro Valtrini, this artwork was a startling new approach to funerary monuments, incorporating dynamic, flowing inscriptions being dragged by a moving figure of death. It is in the church of San Giacomo alla Lungara in Rome.", "title": "Memorial to Ippolito Merenda" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint Catherine of Alexandria Polyptych (also known as Pisa Polyptych) is a painting by the Italian medieval artist Simone Martini, dating to 1320. Originally placed at the high altar of the church of Santa Caterina in Pisa, it is now housed in the Museo Nazionale di San Matteo of the same city.", "title": "Saint Catherine of Alexandria Polyptych" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Board of Control for Cricket in India Sport Cricket Jurisdiction National Abbreviation BCCI Founded 1926 (1926) Affiliation International Cricket Council Affiliation date 1928 (1928) Regional affiliation Asian Cricket Council Affiliation date Headquarters Wankhede Stadium Location Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India President CK Khanna Chief Exec Rahul Johri Vice president Rajeev Shukla Secretary Amitabh Choudhary Men's coach Ravi Shastri Women's coach Tushar Arothe Operating income ₹166.87 crore (US $26 million) (2015) Sponsor Oppo, Nike, Paytm, Pepsi, Hyundai, Janalakshmi Official website www.bcci.tv", "title": "Board of Control for Cricket in India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dynamic is an Italian independent record label located in Genoa. Founded in 1978, it specialises in classical music and opera, especially rarely performed works and has produced several world premiere recordings. The Dynamic catalogue contains over 400 titles, with about 25 new titles added each year and is distributed in 32 countries.", "title": "Dynamic (record label)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nela Park is the headquarters of GE Lighting, and is located in East Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Today, GE Lighting is a part of GE Home & Business Solutions, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Nela Park serves as the operating headquarters of GE Lighting.", "title": "Nela Park" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oscar De Cock (born 1881, date of death unknown) was a Belgian rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Oscar De Cock" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dynamic Tower (also known as Dynamic Architecture Building or the Da Vinci Tower) is a proposed , 80-floor moving skyscraper, designed by architect David Fisher.", "title": "Dynamic Tower" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Defying Acts is a 2007 British-Australian supernatural romance film, directed by Gillian Armstrong, and starring Guy Pearce and Catherine Zeta-Jones. It concerns an episode in the life of Hungarian-American escapologist Harry Houdini at the height of his career in the 1920s. It was screened in a special presentation at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival.", "title": "Death Defying Acts" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Catherine Palace is a Neoclassical residence of Catherine II of Russia on the bank of the Yauza River in Lefortovo, Moscow. It should not be confused with the much more famous Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo.", "title": "Catherine Palace (Moscow)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francis Fauquier (1703 – 3 March 1768) was a lieutenant governor of Virginia Colony (in what is today the United States), and served as acting governor from 1758 until his death in 1768. He was married to Catherine Dalston.", "title": "Francis Fauquier" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the time of her death in 1796, Catherine's expansionist policy had made Russia into a major European power. Alexander I continued this policy, wresting Finland from the weakened kingdom of Sweden in 1809 and Bessarabia from the Ottomans in 1812.", "title": "History of Russia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry, Duke of Cornwall (1 January – 22 February 1511), was the first child of King Henry VIII of England and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and though his birth was celebrated as that of the heir apparent, he died within weeks. His death and Henry VIII's failure to produce another surviving male heir with Catherine led to succession and marriage crises that affected the relationship between the English church and Roman Catholicism, giving rise to the English Reformation.", "title": "Henry, Duke of Cornwall" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral Tombstone in 1881 Date October 26, 1881 Location Tombstone, Arizona Territory, United States Participants Virgil, Morgan, and Wyatt Earp, and Doc Holliday vs. Tom and Frank McLaury, Billy and Ike Clanton, and Billy Claiborne Outcome Virgil and Morgan wounded, Holliday grazed; Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton killed Deaths", "title": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date Location Deaths Injuries Description 000000001840 - 11 - 12 - 0000 November 12, 1840 Charlottesville, Virginia! Charlottesville, Virginia 0 John Anthony Gardner Davis, a law professor at the University of Virginia, was shot by student Joseph Semmes, and died from his wound three days later.", "title": "List of school shootings in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Saint Catherine of Genoa (Caterina Fieschi Adorno, 1447 – 15 September 1510) was an Italian Roman Catholic saint and mystic, admired for her work among the sick and the poor and remembered because of various writings describing both these actions and her mystical experiences. She was a member of the noble Fieschi family, and spent most of her life and her means serving the sick, especially during the plague which ravaged Genoa in 1497 and 1501. She died in that city in 1510.", "title": "Catherine of Genoa" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pipra Nankar is a village situated in the Damkhauda Mandal of Bareilly District in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 2.273 kilometres from the mandal headquarters Damkhoda, and is 36.38 km far from the district headquarters in Bareilly.", "title": "Pipra Nankar" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Venetians fortified Nicosia by building the Venetian Walls, and used it as an important commercial hub. Throughout Venetian rule, the Ottoman Empire frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed Limassol and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified Famagusta and Kyrenia.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caterina e le sue figlie (Caterina and her daughters) (known internationally as \"My Daughters\") is an Italian television series that aired from December 4, 2005 to March 3, 2010 on Canale 5. The comedy series follows single mother Catherine (Virna Lisi) as she tries to balance raising three daughters alone and dating.", "title": "Caterina e le sue figlie" } ]	What was the date of death of Catherine, formerly of the city where the Dynamic record label is headquartered?	15 September 1510	[]	Title: Catherine of Genoa Passage: Saint Catherine of Genoa (Caterina Fieschi Adorno, 1447 – 15 September 1510) was an Italian Roman Catholic saint and mystic, admired for her work among the sick and the poor and remembered because of various writings describing both these actions and her mystical experiences. She was a member of the noble Fieschi family, and spent most of her life and her means serving the sick, especially during the plague which ravaged Genoa in 1497 and 1501. She died in that city in 1510. Title: Dynamic (record label) Passage: Dynamic is an Italian independent record label located in Genoa. Founded in 1978, it specialises in classical music and opera, especially rarely performed works and has produced several world premiere recordings. The Dynamic catalogue contains over 400 titles, with about 25 new titles added each year and is distributed in 32 countries. Title: Memorial to Ippolito Merenda Passage: The Memorial to Ippolito Merenda is a funerary monument designed by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini between 1636 and 1638. Along with the similar monument for Alessandro Valtrini, this artwork was a startling new approach to funerary monuments, incorporating dynamic, flowing inscriptions being dragged by a moving figure of death. It is in the church of San Giacomo alla Lungara in Rome.	[ "Dynamic (record label)", "Catherine of Genoa" ]
2hop__568066_162253	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Claude Gasigwa (8 July 1983 – 8 January 2015) was a Rwandan professional tennis player. He was a member of the Rwanda Davis Cup team before his death in 2015. He won the Kenya Open in 2008, Tanzania Open in 2011 and Uganda Open in 2009, 2012 and 2013.", "title": "Jean-Claude Gasigwa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coral Ridge Mall opened on July 29, 1998, with 100% of its floor space leased. It attracted one million visitors in its first 30 days and continues to attract roughly 10 million visitors a year. It also spawned additional retail development at the interchange of I-80 and Iowa Highway 965, now known as Coral Ridge Avenue. Big-box stores such as Kohl's, Lowe's, Dressbarn and a Wal-Mart Supercenter (currently branded as simply Walmart) have opened in the years following Coral Ridge's opening.", "title": "Coral Ridge Mall" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of its size and position as one of the first banks, PKO Bank Polski is still one of the best recognized and most valuable brands in Poland. Specialists from The Banker magazine estimated the value of Bank's brand at US$1 billion and in Rzeczpospolita \"Polish Brands 2010\" ranking its value was set at PLN 3.6 billion. In the 2011 edition of ranking \"The BrandFinance® Banking 500\" prepared by the British firm Brand Finance, which includes the most valuable bank brands in the world, PKO Bank Polski brand was valued at US$1.480 billion. It gives PKO Bank Polski the 1st place in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe and 114th place in the world.", "title": "PKO Bank Polski" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vasily Shibanov is a poem by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, written in the late 1840s and first published in the September 1858 issue of \"The Russian Messenger\" magazine. The poem, a folk ballad in both structure and tone, deals with a real episode in the history of the 16th century Russian Empire, namely the deflection of Prince Kurbsky to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the way he sent the damning letter to Ivan the Terrible with his servant Shibanov, which meant imminent death for the latter.", "title": "Vasily Shibanov" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vasily Shcherbakov is a Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences (2010), a professor and the Director of the Piano Department of the , a docent of the Moscow Conservatory, a docent of the \"Piano, Organ\" Department . Until 2013 he was also a music teacher of the Moscow .", "title": "Vasily Shcherbakov" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The McArthurGlen Ashford Designer Outlet was designed by the Richard Rogers Partnership and engineers Buro Happold, and opened in March 2000. There are over 120 designer brands located at the shopping outlet.", "title": "Ashford Designer Outlet" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vasilis Avramidis (born 8 April 1977 in Thessaloniki, Greece) is a professional football defender who plays for Makedonikos F.C. in the Gamma Ethniki.", "title": "Vasilis Avramidis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Thomas Abercrombie (June 6, 1867 – August 29, 1931) was the founder of the American lifestyle brand Abercrombie & Fitch. A topographer and expert in the outdoors, Abercrombie opened the Company as New York's outfitter for the elite and later partnered up with co-founder Ezra Fitch – both men managed the Company through great years of success. After leaving the company, Abercrombie lived the remainder of his life in California with his family until his death.", "title": "David T. Abercrombie" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vasilis Papageorgopoulos (; born June 27, 1947) is a retired Greek sprinter, former mayor of Thessaloniki. He won two medals at the European Indoor Championships as well as the bronze medal in the 100 metres at the 1971 European Championships in Athletics.", "title": "Vasilis Papageorgopoulos" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims had all taken Tylenol - branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. A total of seven people died in the original poisonings, with several more deaths in subsequent copycat crimes.", "title": "Chicago Tylenol murders" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Kentucky Derby was the 136th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 1, 2010, and was televised in the United States on the NBC television network. The post time was EDT ( UTC). The stakes of the race were US$2,185,200. The race was sponsored by Yum! Brands and hence officially was called Kentucky Derby Presented by Yum! Brands.", "title": "2010 Kentucky Derby" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "AKA White House is a luxury extended stay hotel owned by Korman Communities located at 1710 H Street NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The operator is AKA, the extended-stay hotel brand owned by Korman Communities. AKA White House opened in 2005.", "title": "AKA White House" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The standard opening has had two major revisions. The first was at the start of the second season when the entire sequence was reanimated to improve the quality and certain shots were changed generally to add characters who had been established in the first season. The second was a brand - new opening sequence produced in high - definition for the show's transition to that format beginning with ``Take My Life, Please ''in season 20. The new opening generally followed the sequence of the original opening with improved graphics, even more characters, and new jokes.", "title": "The Simpsons opening sequence" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Siemens & Halske was founded by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske on 12 October 1847. Based on the telegraph, their invention used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company, then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske, opened its first workshop on 12 October.In 1848, the company built the first long-distance telegraph line in Europe; 500 km from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main. In 1850, the founder's younger brother, Carl Wilhelm Siemens, later Sir William Siemens, started to represent the company in London. The London agency became a branch office in 1858. In the 1850s, the company was involved in building long distance telegraph networks in Russia. In 1855, a company branch headed by another brother, Carl Heinrich von Siemens, opened in St Petersburg, Russia. In 1867, Siemens completed the monumental Indo-European telegraph line stretching over 11,000 km from London to Calcutta.", "title": "Siemens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Eddie V's was opened in Austin, Texas in 2000 by Guy Villavaso and Larry Foles. In 2011, the brand was sold for $59 million cash to Darden Restaurants, Inc. and became a part of Darden's Specialty Restaurant Group.", "title": "Eddie V's Prime Seafood" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Red Monarch is a 1983 British television film starring Colin Blakely as Joseph Stalin. It is directed by Jack Gold and features David Suchet as Lavrentiy Beria and David Threlfall as Stalin's son Vasily.", "title": "Red Monarch" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There Is Such a Lad () is a 1964 Soviet comedy film, directed by Vasily Shukshin. The movie is based on Vasily Shukshin's collection of short stories.", "title": "There Is Such a Lad" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vasily Belov, the USSR State Prize (1981) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2003) laureate, was also a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1982), the Order of Lenin (1984), the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (IV, 2003) and the Order of Honour (2003).", "title": "Vasily Belov" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Working as a schoolteacher in Barnaul, Radlov became interested in the native peoples of Siberia and published his ethnographic findings in the influential monograph \"From Siberia\" (1884). From 1866 to 1907, he translated and released a number of monuments of Turkic folklore. Most importantly, he was the first to publish the Orhon inscriptions. Four volumes of his comparative dictionary of Turkic languages followed in 1893 to 1911. Radlov helped establish the Russian Museum of Ethnography and was in charge of the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersburg from 1884 to 1894.", "title": "Vasily Radlov" } ]	when was the brand opened where Vasily Radlov died?	1855	[]	Title: Vasily Radlov Passage: Working as a schoolteacher in Barnaul, Radlov became interested in the native peoples of Siberia and published his ethnographic findings in the influential monograph "From Siberia" (1884). From 1866 to 1907, he translated and released a number of monuments of Turkic folklore. Most importantly, he was the first to publish the Orhon inscriptions. Four volumes of his comparative dictionary of Turkic languages followed in 1893 to 1911. Radlov helped establish the Russian Museum of Ethnography and was in charge of the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersburg from 1884 to 1894. Title: Siemens Passage: Siemens & Halske was founded by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske on 12 October 1847. Based on the telegraph, their invention used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company, then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske, opened its first workshop on 12 October.In 1848, the company built the first long-distance telegraph line in Europe; 500 km from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main. In 1850, the founder's younger brother, Carl Wilhelm Siemens, later Sir William Siemens, started to represent the company in London. The London agency became a branch office in 1858. In the 1850s, the company was involved in building long distance telegraph networks in Russia. In 1855, a company branch headed by another brother, Carl Heinrich von Siemens, opened in St Petersburg, Russia. In 1867, Siemens completed the monumental Indo-European telegraph line stretching over 11,000 km from London to Calcutta. Title: Vasily Shibanov Passage: Vasily Shibanov is a poem by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, written in the late 1840s and first published in the September 1858 issue of "The Russian Messenger" magazine. The poem, a folk ballad in both structure and tone, deals with a real episode in the history of the 16th century Russian Empire, namely the deflection of Prince Kurbsky to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the way he sent the damning letter to Ivan the Terrible with his servant Shibanov, which meant imminent death for the latter.	[ "Siemens", "Vasily Radlov" ]
2hop__102127_27337	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert C. Fritz (1920 in Toledo, Ohio – April 9, 1986 in Los Angeles, California) was an American ceramics and glass artist and professor at San Jose State University in California. As a major player in America’s mid 20th century studio glass movement, Dr. Robert Fritz is remembered for his contributions to the world of art.", "title": "Robert C. Fritz" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.", "title": "French passport" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fritz Rehn (3 August 1874 – 18 September 1934) was a German lawyer and the first Judge-President of the Nazi People's Court.", "title": "Fritz Rehn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Ship Comes In (also known as His Country) is a 1928 silent film which tells the story of immigrants coming to the United States. It stars Rudolph Schildkraut, Louise Dresser, Milton Holmes, Linda Landi, and Fritz Feld.", "title": "A Ship Comes In" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The match was played at the Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, and contested by league champions Bayern Munich and cup winners Borussia Dortmund.", "title": "1989 DFB-Supercup" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries of the revolution, namely the workers, peasants, and petty bourgeois, to oppose the decrees, with one million transport workers launching a strike and thousands of peasants entering Cairo in protest in late March. Naguib sought to crackdown on the protesters, but his requests were rebuffed by the heads of the security forces. On 29 March, Nasser announced the decrees' revocation in response to the \"impulse of the street.\" Between April and June, hundreds of Naguib's supporters in the military were either arrested or dismissed, and Mohieddin was informally exiled to Switzerland to represent the RCC abroad. King Saud of Saudi Arabia attempted to mend relations between Nasser and Naguib, but to no avail.", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "title": "Smoking age" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gypsy Chief (German: Der Zigeunerprimas) is a 1929 German silent drama film directed by Carl Wilhelm and starring Paul Heidemann, Margarete Schlegel and Fritz Schulz. It is an adaptation of the 1912 operetta \"Der Zigeunerprimas\" composed by Emmerich Kálmán with a libretto by and Fritz Grünbaum. Robert A. Dietrich worked as the film's art director.", "title": "The Gypsy Chief" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FGM was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken.", "title": "Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a European village, a young scientist, named Henry Frankenstein, and his assistant Fritz, a hunchback, piece together a human body, the parts of which have been collected from various sources, including stealing freshly buried bodies in a cemetery, and recently hanged criminals. Frankenstein desires to create human life through electrical devices which he has perfected. He sends Fritz to a school where Dr. Waldman, Henry's old medical professor, teaches, to steal a brain; Fritz drops the normal brain and has to take the brain of a criminal.", "title": "Frankenstein (1931 film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.", "title": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ethan Sandler as: DOR - 15 (Doris) Uncle Fritz (and Aunt Petunia) Spike and Dimitri Cousin Laszlo The CEO of InventCo", "title": "Meet the Robinsons" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The list below is a database that contains hospitals in Romania. All public hospitals receive funding from the Ministry of Health. Romania has a universal healthcare system, hence all public hospitals are charge-free and available to each citizen of the European Union. There are 425 operational hospitals across the country. At the moment, there are 6.2 hospital beds available per 1000 citizens.", "title": "List of hospitals in Romania" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stefan Nystrom was a long-time resident of Australia who was deported to Sweden in 2006. He won a landmark decision at the United Nations in 2011, establishing that non-citizens may also have the right to enter a country.", "title": "Stefan Nystrom" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birgitta Fritz (born January 1935) was a longtime associate professor (docent) of history at the Stockholm University. In 1972, she completed her Ph.D. thesis \"Hus, land och län. Förvaltningen i Sverige 1250-1434\", (\"House, country and county. Administration in Sweden 1250-1434\") which became one of the most important works concerning Swedish history.", "title": "Birgitta Fritz" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fritz Köppen (born 28 June 1935 in Charlottenburg) is a German former long jumper who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Fritz Köppen" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tiger of Eschnapur, or in original German, \"Der Tiger von Eschnapur\", is a 1959 West German-French-Italian adventure film directed by Fritz Lang. It is the first of two films comprising what has come to be known as \"Fritz Lang's Indian Epic\"; the other is \"The Indian Tomb\" \"(Das Indische Grabmal\"). Fritz Lang returned to Germany to direct these films, which together tell the story of a German architect, the Indian maharaja for whom he is supposed to build schools and hospitals, and the Eurasian dancer who comes between them.", "title": "The Tiger of Eschnapur (1959 film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wander was born Fritz Rosenblatt in Vienna, he left school at 14 and worked as an apprentice in a textile mill, before travelling around Europe taking whatever jobs were going. He spent quite some time in pre-war Paris and this is where he first started to write. In 1938 after the German annexation of Austria, Wander escaped back to Paris via Switzerland. After France declared war on Germany in 1939 he was interned and eventually sent back to Austria, where he ended up in Auschwitz concentration camp, later being sent to Buchenwald concentration camp. Wander survived the camps and after World War II he lived in East Germany (GDR) from 1958 – 1983. It was while a resident in the GDR that in 1971 \"The Seventh Well\" () was published, it was an account of his experiences in the concentration camps. The book won much critical acclaim following a later re-release, including the 2009 JQ Wingate Prize.", "title": "Fred Wander" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As in many other countries, child labour in Switzerland affected among the so-called Kaminfegerkinder (\"chimney sweep children\") and chidren working p.e. in spinning mills, factories and in agriculture in 19th-century Switzerland, but also to the 1960s so-called Verdingkinder (literally: \"contract children\" or \"indentured child laborers\") were children who were taken from their parents, often due to poverty or moral reasons – usually mothers being unmarried, very poor citizens, of Gypsy–Yeniche origin, so-called Kinder der Landstrasse, etc. – and sent to live with new families, often poor farmers who needed cheap labour.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fritz Gegauf was born on 5 April 1893 at Steckborn, Switzerland. From 1910 until 1914, he made a mechanics apprenticeship in his fathers sewing machine factory at Steckborn. He was awarded a patent for a hemstitch sewing machine. In 1920 he got married to Hermine Meienhofer, daughter of the baker Hermann Meienhofer. From then until 1923 he worked for the sewing machine factory Athos in Paris. After the death of his father in 1926 he ran the family business together with his brother Gustav as \"Fritz Gegauf's Söhne\". The factory moved with its 35 employees to newly built premises in 1929. When sales of the industrial hemstitch sewing machines dropped in the early 1930s, he formed in 1932—in cooperation with Wilhelm Brütsch—the Bernina Sewing Machine Factory which produced sewing machines for the home. Technical innovations brought about the rapid growth of the company in the post-war years. Until 1975 Gegauf was on the board of directors, becoming honorary president thereafter.", "title": "Fritz Gegauf" } ]	Who did Gamal Abdel Nasser exile to the country that Fritz Gegauf was a citizen of?	Mohieddin	[]	Title: Fritz Gegauf Passage: Fritz Gegauf was born on 5 April 1893 at Steckborn, Switzerland. From 1910 until 1914, he made a mechanics apprenticeship in his fathers sewing machine factory at Steckborn. He was awarded a patent for a hemstitch sewing machine. In 1920 he got married to Hermine Meienhofer, daughter of the baker Hermann Meienhofer. From then until 1923 he worked for the sewing machine factory Athos in Paris. After the death of his father in 1926 he ran the family business together with his brother Gustav as "Fritz Gegauf's Söhne". The factory moved with its 35 employees to newly built premises in 1929. When sales of the industrial hemstitch sewing machines dropped in the early 1930s, he formed in 1932—in cooperation with Wilhelm Brütsch—the Bernina Sewing Machine Factory which produced sewing machines for the home. Technical innovations brought about the rapid growth of the company in the post-war years. Until 1975 Gegauf was on the board of directors, becoming honorary president thereafter. Title: Gamal Abdel Nasser Passage: On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries of the revolution, namely the workers, peasants, and petty bourgeois, to oppose the decrees, with one million transport workers launching a strike and thousands of peasants entering Cairo in protest in late March. Naguib sought to crackdown on the protesters, but his requests were rebuffed by the heads of the security forces. On 29 March, Nasser announced the decrees' revocation in response to the "impulse of the street." Between April and June, hundreds of Naguib's supporters in the military were either arrested or dismissed, and Mohieddin was informally exiled to Switzerland to represent the RCC abroad. King Saud of Saudi Arabia attempted to mend relations between Nasser and Naguib, but to no avail. Title: French passport Passage: French citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.	[ "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Fritz Gegauf" ]
2hop__161136_26501	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to \"ruling dynasties and foreign invasions\", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity. The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered. According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on \"significant social and economic changes\", which are not strictly related to a change of ruling powers.[note 1]", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story revolves around a predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to exploit the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called Pennywise played by Tim Curry. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven, or The Losers Club, a group of outcast kids who discover Pennywise and vow to destroy him by any means necessary. The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first confront Pennywise as children in 1960, and the second when they return as adults in 1990 to defeat him a second time after he resurfaces.", "title": "It (miniseries)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Recommendations for IAP to prevent perinatal GBS disease were issued in 1996 by the CDC. In these guidelines, the use of one of two prevention methods was recommended, either a risk - based approach or a culture - based screening approach. The CDC issued updated guidelines in 2002; these guidelines recommended the universal culture - based screening of all pregnant women at 35 -- 37 weeks' gestation to optimize the identification of women who must receive IAP. CDC also recommended that women with unknown GBS colonization status at the time of delivery be managed according to the presence of intrapartum risk factors. Because of this strategy, the US has seen a major reduction in the incidence of GBS - EOD.", "title": "Group B streptococcal infection" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْإٍسْـلَامِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - Islāmiyyuash - Shām) or Arab conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْـعَـرَبِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - ʿArabiyyu Lish - Shām) occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the conquest of the region known as the Levant or Shaam (Arabic: شَـام ‎, 'Syria'), later to become the Islamic Province of Bilad al - Sham, as part of the Islamic conquests. Arab Muslim forces had appeared on the southern borders even before the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, resulting in the Battle of Mu'tah in 629, but the real invasion began in 634 under his successors, the Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab, with Khalid ibn al - Walid as their most important military leader.", "title": "Muslim conquest of the Levant" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U12 is a former Berlin U-Bahn line. It existed between 1993 and June 2003, as a peak-time and night line between Ruhleben (today U2) and Warschauer Straße (today U1) stations. It resumed its old route for a short period of time between May and November 2015, due to repair work taking place in the Gleisdreieck station.", "title": "U12 (Berlin U-Bahn)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Set and mostly taking place in New York City, \"Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna\" explores themes of adultery. \"Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna\" was promoted with the tag-line \"\"A Love... That Broke All Relationships\"\". It was a success internationally, especially in the United States. It became the highest grossing Indian film of all time overseas at the time of its release. The film was screened in over 1,200 cinemas worldwide, grossing a worldwide total of ().", "title": "Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016 -- 2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c. 1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8 -- 10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City.", "title": "This Is Us" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Tiempo de Silencio\" is an accurate representation of Spain post civil war period, a denunciation of the reality of Franco's Spain in the 1950s, from which Aranda himself emigrated in 1952, the same period in which the action takes place. The film adheres to an unforgiving neorealist aesthetic.", "title": "Tiempo de Silencio" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Save New York\" is a shoot 'em up game where the player has to protect New York City from invading aliens. The game takes place on a single static screen with various skyscraper buildings and a subway tunnel running underneath them. At either edge of the screen is an airplane launching pad.", "title": "Save New York" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Damascus (634) lasted from 21 August to 19 September 634 AD before the city fell to the Rashidun Caliphate. Damascus was the first major city of the Eastern Roman Empire to fall in the Muslim conquest of Syria.", "title": "Siege of Damascus (634)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legally Brown is an Australian comedy television series screening on SBS from 23 September 2013. \"Legally Brown\" is a comical show, where the host Nazeem Hussain presents a comedic take on the experience of being Muslim in Australia.", "title": "Legally Brown" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Moderns is a 1988 film by Alan Rudolph, which takes place in 1926 Paris during the period of the Lost Generation and at the height of modernist literature. The film stars Keith Carradine, Linda Fiorentino and John Lone among others.", "title": "The Moderns" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The County of Sicily, also known as County of Sicily and Calabria, was a Norman state comprising the islands of Sicily and Malta and part of Calabria from 1071 until 1130. The county began to form during the Christian reconquest of Sicily (1061–91) from the Muslim Emirate, established by conquest in 965. The county is thus a transitional period in the history of Sicily. After the Muslims had been defeated and either forced out or incorporated into the Norman military, a further period of transition took place for the county and the Sicilians.", "title": "County of Sicily" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Faced with the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent in the 13th century, Ladakh chose to seek and accept guidance in religious matters from Tibet. For nearly two centuries till about 1600, Ladakh was subject to raids and invasions from neighbouring Muslim states. Some of the Ladakhis converted to Islam during this period.", "title": "Ladakh" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.", "title": "Sahara" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Realm or Kingdom of Candia () or Duchy of Candia () was the official name of Crete during the island's period as an overseas colony of the Republic of Venice, from the initial Venetian conquest in 1205–1212 to its fall to the Ottoman Empire during the Cretan War (1645–1669). The island was at the time and up to the early modern era commonly known as Candia after its capital, Candia or Chandax (modern Heraklion). In modern Greek historiography, the period is known as the Venetocracy (, \"Venetokratia\" or Ενετοκρατία, \"Enetokratia\").", "title": "Kingdom of Candia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Although an initial release date was anticipated for early 1943, the film premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York City on November 26, 1942, to coincide with the Allied invasion of North Africa and the capture of Casablanca. It went into general release on January 23, 1943, to take advantage of the Casablanca Conference, a high-level meeting in the city between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Office of War Information prevented screening of the film to troops in North Africa, believing it would cause resentment among Vichy supporters in the region.", "title": "Casablanca (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York City Horror Film Festival is an international film festival based in New York City that screens films from the horror genre. It was founded by Michael J. Hein in 2001. It takes place each year in New York City for a week in November.", "title": "New York City Horror Film Festival" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spires of Spirit, by Gael Baudino, is a collection of six novellas set in the universe of The Strands Series. It was first published in 1997 by Roc Books. The first three stories take place in the time period just prior to \"Strands of Starlight\" and second three take place in 1990s Denver, USA, about ten years after the flashforwards in \"Shroud of Shadow\" and before the events depicted in \"Strands of Sunlight\".", "title": "Spires of Spirit" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.", "title": "History of India" } ]	When was the Muslim conquest of the area where the screening was prevented?	mid-7th to early 8th centuries	[ "8th century" ]	Title: Sahara Passage: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year. Title: U12 (Berlin U-Bahn) Passage: The U12 is a former Berlin U-Bahn line. It existed between 1993 and June 2003, as a peak-time and night line between Ruhleben (today U2) and Warschauer Straße (today U1) stations. It resumed its old route for a short period of time between May and November 2015, due to repair work taking place in the Gleisdreieck station. Title: Casablanca (film) Passage: Although an initial release date was anticipated for early 1943, the film premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York City on November 26, 1942, to coincide with the Allied invasion of North Africa and the capture of Casablanca. It went into general release on January 23, 1943, to take advantage of the Casablanca Conference, a high-level meeting in the city between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Office of War Information prevented screening of the film to troops in North Africa, believing it would cause resentment among Vichy supporters in the region.	[ "Sahara", "Casablanca (film)" ]
2hop__665127_47960	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000 -- twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brad Carlton is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, portrayed by Don Diamont. The character became a mainstay on the series for over ten years. He was known for his relationships with Traci Abbott, Ashley Abbott and Victoria Newman, as well as his business rivalries with Jack Abbott and Victor Newman. In 2009, the character drowned in a frozen lake.", "title": "Brad Carlton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jam & Jerusalem is a British sitcom that aired on BBC One from 2006 to 2009. Written by Jennifer Saunders and Abigail Wilson, it starred Sue Johnston, Jennifer Saunders, Pauline McLynn, Dawn French, Maggie Steed, David Mitchell, and Sally Phillips. Earlier episodes also starred Joanna Lumley and Doreen Mantle. On BBC America the first series was aired as Clatterford.", "title": "Jam & Jerusalem" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilson Ruffin Abbott (1801–1876) was an American-born Black Canadian and successful businessman and landowner in Toronto, Ontario. He was the father of Anderson Ruffin Abbott, Canada's first Black physician.", "title": "Wilson Ruffin Abbott" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date with Disaster is a 1957 British crime film directed by Charles Saunders and starring Tom Drake, William Hartnell and Shirley Eaton. It was made at Southall Studios.", "title": "Date with Disaster" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naked Fury is a 1959 British crime thriller directed by Charles Saunders. In the United States, it was re-titled \"The Pleasure Lovers\".", "title": "Naked Fury" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Supergrass is a 1985 British comedy film written and directed by Peter Richardson. The film stars Richardson, Adrian Edmondson, Jennifer Saunders, Dawn French, Keith Allen, Nigel Planer, Alexei Sayle, Ronald Allen, and Robbie Coltrane.", "title": "The Supergrass" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clocking Off is a British television drama series which was broadcast on BBC One for four series from 2000 to 2003. It was produced for the BBC by the independent Red Production Company, and created by Paul Abbott.", "title": "Clocking Off" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Howard Saunders (16 September 1835 – 20 October 1907) was a British businessman, who later in life became a noted ornithologist, specialising in gulls and terns.", "title": "Howard Saunders" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of Shameless, an American comedy - drama television series based on the award - winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 11, 2015 on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, and producer Michael Hissrich. Like all previous seasons, the season consisted of 12 episodes.", "title": "Shameless (season 5)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "András Kállay-Saunders was born in New York City, United States to Hungarian model Katalin Kállay and American soul-singer and producer Fernando Saunders. He is a descendant of the noble Kállay family from his maternal side.", "title": "András Kállay-Saunders" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victor Selwyn (1917–2005) was a British journalist. He was associated with the Cairo poets, and was — along with Denis Saunders and David Burk — an editor of \"Oasis.\"", "title": "Victor Selwyn" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The production arm of the studio still struggled. While there were to be a few hits like The Killers (1946) and The Naked City (1948), Universal-International's new theatrical films often met with disappointing response at the box office. By the late 1940s, Goetz was out, and the studio returned to low-budget films. The inexpensive Francis (1950), the first film of a series about a talking mule and Ma and Pa Kettle (1949), part of a series, became mainstays of the company. Once again, the films of Abbott and Costello, including Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948), were among the studio's top-grossing productions. But at this point Rank lost interest and sold his shares to the investor Milton Rackmil, whose Decca Records would take full control of Universal in 1952. Besides Abbott and Costello, the studio retained the Walter Lantz cartoon studio, whose product was released with Universal-International's films.", "title": "Universal Pictures" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy - drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season, which premiered on November 5, 2017, consisted of a total of 12 episodes.", "title": "Shameless (season 8)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Abbott The Young and the Restless character Portrayed by Holden and Ryan Hare Duration 2012 -- First appearance April 9, 2012 Created by Maria Arena Bell Hogan Sheffer Scott Hamner Profile Other names John Abbott IV Residence Genoa City, Wisconsin (show) Family Family Abbott, Newman Father Billy Abbott Mother Chelsea Lawson Adoptive mother Victoria Newman Half - brothers Connor Newman Reed Hellstrom (adoptive) Half - sisters Eve Nicole Howard (adoptive) Delia Abbott Katie Newman Grandfathers John Abbott Jeffrey Bardwell Victor Newman (adoptive) Grandmothers Jill Abbott Anita Lawson Nikki Newman (adoptive) Uncles Jack Abbott Phillip Chancellor III Nicholas Newman (adoptive) Dylan McAvoy (adoptive) John Abbott III (adoptive) Adam Newman (adoptive) Aunts Traci Abbott Connelly Abby Newman (adoptive) First cousins Keemo Volien Abbott Kyle Abbott Chance Chancellor Colleen Carlton Noah Newman (adoptive) Connor Newman (adoptive) Cassie Newman (adoptive) Summer Newman (adoptive) Faith Newman (adoptive) Christian Newman (adoptive)", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless characters (2012)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2018, the Social Security Wage Base was $128,400 and the Social Security tax rate was 6.20% paid by the employee and 6.20% paid by the employer. A person with $10,000 of gross income had $620.00 withheld as Social Security tax from his check and the employer sent an additional $620.00. A person with $130,000 of gross income in 2017 incurred Social Security tax of $7,886.40 (resulting in an effective rate of approximately 6.07% - the rate was lower because the income was more than the 2017 ``wage base '', see below), with $7,886.40 paid by the employer. A person who earned a million dollars in wages paid the same $7,886.40 in Social Security tax (resulting in an effective rate of approximately 0.79%), with equivalent employer matching. In the cases of the $130 k and $1 m earners, each paid the same amount into the social security system, and both will take the same out of the social security system.", "title": "Social Security Wage Base" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israr Ali (1 May 1927 – 1 February 2016) was a member of Pakistan's first Test team that played against India in India in 1952–53. Born in Jalandhar, British India, he played two Tests as a top order batsman in 1952–53 without success, then two more against the visiting Australians in 1959–60 as a lower order batsman and opening bowler, taking 6 wickets at 25.66, dismissing Les Favell four times.", "title": "Israr Ali" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the daughter of Alexius Frederick Christian, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg and his wife Marie Friederike of Hesse-Kassel, she was a Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg and member of the House of Ascania. By her 21 November 1817 marriage to Prince Frederick of Prussia she was a princess of Prussia.", "title": "Princess Luise of Anhalt-Bernburg" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Major-General Saunders Alexius Abbott (9 July 1811 – 7 February 1894) was an army officer in the British East India Company.", "title": "Saunders Alexius Abbott" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British had direct or indirect control over all of present - day India before the middle of the 19th century. In 1857, a local rebellion by an army of sepoys escalated into the Rebellion of 1857, which took six months to suppress with heavy loss of life on both sides, although the loss of British lives is in the range of a few thousand, the loss on the Indian side was in the hundreds of thousands. The trigger for the Rebellion has been a subject of controversy. The resistance, although short - lived, was triggered by British East India Company attempts to expand its control of India. According to Olson, several reasons may have triggered the Rebellion. For example, Olson concludes that the East India Company's attempt to annexe and expand its direct control of India, by arbitrary laws such as Doctrine of Lapse, combined with employment discrimination against Indians, contributed to the 1857 Rebellion. The East India Company officers lived like princes, the company finances were in shambles, and the company's effectiveness in India was examined by the British crown after 1858. As a result, the East India Company lost its powers of government and British India formally came under direct British rule, with an appointed Governor - General of India. The East India Company was dissolved the following year in 1858. A few years later, Queen Victoria took the title of Empress of India.", "title": "Colonial India" } ]	When did Saunders Alexius Abbott's employer take over India?	1757	[]	Title: Social Security Wage Base Passage: In 2018, the Social Security Wage Base was $128,400 and the Social Security tax rate was 6.20% paid by the employee and 6.20% paid by the employer. A person with $10,000 of gross income had $620.00 withheld as Social Security tax from his check and the employer sent an additional $620.00. A person with $130,000 of gross income in 2017 incurred Social Security tax of $7,886.40 (resulting in an effective rate of approximately 6.07% - the rate was lower because the income was more than the 2017 ``wage base '', see below), with $7,886.40 paid by the employer. A person who earned a million dollars in wages paid the same $7,886.40 in Social Security tax (resulting in an effective rate of approximately 0.79%), with equivalent employer matching. In the cases of the $130 k and $1 m earners, each paid the same amount into the social security system, and both will take the same out of the social security system. Title: East India Company Passage: By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000 -- twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj. Title: Saunders Alexius Abbott Passage: Major-General Saunders Alexius Abbott (9 July 1811 – 7 February 1894) was an army officer in the British East India Company.	[ "East India Company", "Saunders Alexius Abbott" ]
2hop__129878_200897	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sardis Lake is a reservoir in Pushmataha County and Latimer County in Oklahoma, USA, named for the now-defunct town of Sardis, Oklahoma. The dam impounding the lake is located approximately north of Clayton.", "title": "Sardis Lake (Oklahoma)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Renwick Building is located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983, and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties since 2000. It is known locally for the large painted sign on the north side of the building depicting the Bix 7 Road Race.", "title": "Renwick Building" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charles F. Ranzow and Sons Building is a historic building located on Lot 1, Block 18 of the original town of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is part of the West Third Street Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building was individually listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2000.", "title": "Charles F. Ranzow and Sons Building" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black River Falls Public Library is located in Black River Falls, Wisconsin. It became the first free public library in Wisconsin in 1872. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.", "title": "Black River Falls Public Library" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seneca is an unincorporated community in Union County, New Mexico, United States. Seneca is located on New Mexico State Road 406 north-northeast of Clayton.", "title": "Seneca, New Mexico" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The J. Erik Jonsson Central Library is the Main Library Branch of the Dallas Public Library system. It is located at 1515 Young Street in the Government District of downtown Dallas, Texas, directly across from Dallas City Hall.", "title": "J. Erik Jonsson Central Library" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Innisfil Public Library is public library system in Ontario, Canada. The library is a four-branch system. Each branch provides unique services to the community. The branches are located in Stroud, Churchill, Cookstown, and Alcona.", "title": "Innisfil Public Library" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Davenport Public Library is a public library located in Davenport, Iowa. With a history dating back to 1839, the Davenport Public Library's Main Library is currently housed in a 1960s building designed by Kennedy Center architect Edward Durell Stone. The Davenport Public Library system is made up of three libraries—the Main Library at 321 Main Street; the Fairmount Branch Library at 3000 N. Fairmount Street; and the Eastern Avenue Branch Library at 6000 Eastern Avenue.", "title": "Davenport Public Library" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hillsboro Public Library is a two-location public library system in Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. First opened in 1914 in a Carnegie library building, the system provides services to a population area of 137,000 people. As of 2015, the system had a usage of 922,000 visits per year, with circulation nearly 3 million items per year. One library is located near downtown in Shute Park, with the other location in the central portion of the city near the airport. The Hillsboro Public Library is part of Washington County Cooperative Library Services (WCCLS), which ensures library service is available to all residents of Washington County. As of 2015, the director of the library is Stephanie Chase.", "title": "Hillsboro Public Library" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khushal Khan Khattak Memorial Library is a public library in Akora Khattak, Pakistan. The library has been constructed in the memory of the famous poet Khushal Khan Khattak, who was born in Akora Khattak. The library was established in 1994. It is considered to be out of reach for people because of its location in a small city.", "title": "Khushal Khan Khattak Memorial Library" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amistad is a small unincorporated community in Union County, New Mexico, U.S. It is located about 39 miles south of Clayton on New Mexico State Highway 402.", "title": "Amistad, New Mexico" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Davenport is an unincorporated community in Buchanan County, Virginia, United States. Davenport is located on Virginia State Route 80 south of Grundy. Davenport has a post office with ZIP code 24239.", "title": "Davenport, Virginia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The D.C. Eldridge House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.", "title": "D.C. Eldridge House" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations. Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of alumni and development, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor. The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Clayton is a city in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 43 at the 2010 census, down from 55 at the 2000 census. Clayton is located directly on the Mississippi River and is only accessible by a very steep road. Many people have summer homes in Clayton due to its proximity to the Mississippi River.", "title": "Clayton, Iowa" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clayton is an unincorporated community in Placer County, California. Clayton is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad, northwest of Lincoln. It lies at an elevation of 141 feet (43 m).", "title": "Clayton, Placer County, California" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three Bronze Discs is a piece of public artwork by American artist James Wines located in the courtyard of the Golda Meir Library, near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Made of bronze, the sculpture is three circular bronze discs located in a pool of water. It is 10 feet by 8 feet and 5 feet in diameter.", "title": "Three Bronze Discs" } ]	In which county of the state where Davenport Public Library is located can Clayton be found?	Clayton County	[ "Clayton County, Iowa" ]	Title: Davenport Public Library Passage: The Davenport Public Library is a public library located in Davenport, Iowa. With a history dating back to 1839, the Davenport Public Library's Main Library is currently housed in a 1960s building designed by Kennedy Center architect Edward Durell Stone. The Davenport Public Library system is made up of three libraries—the Main Library at 321 Main Street; the Fairmount Branch Library at 3000 N. Fairmount Street; and the Eastern Avenue Branch Library at 6000 Eastern Avenue. Title: Clayton, Iowa Passage: Clayton is a city in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 43 at the 2010 census, down from 55 at the 2000 census. Clayton is located directly on the Mississippi River and is only accessible by a very steep road. Many people have summer homes in Clayton due to its proximity to the Mississippi River. Title: Hillsboro Public Library Passage: The Hillsboro Public Library is a two-location public library system in Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. First opened in 1914 in a Carnegie library building, the system provides services to a population area of 137,000 people. As of 2015, the system had a usage of 922,000 visits per year, with circulation nearly 3 million items per year. One library is located near downtown in Shute Park, with the other location in the central portion of the city near the airport. The Hillsboro Public Library is part of Washington County Cooperative Library Services (WCCLS), which ensures library service is available to all residents of Washington County. As of 2015, the director of the library is Stephanie Chase.	[ "Davenport Public Library", "Clayton, Iowa" ]
2hop__220296_49700	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Little Sand Lake is an unorganized territory in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the unorganized territory population was 349.", "title": "Little Sand Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State of Kansas Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Sunflower State (official); The Wheat State; The Free State Motto (s): Ad astra per aspera (Latin for To the stars through difficulties) State song (s): ``Home on the Range ''Official language English Demonym Kansan Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Largest metro Greater Kansas City Area Ranked 15th Total 82,278 sq mi (213,100 km) Width 410 miles (660 km) Length 213 miles (343 km)% water 0.6 Latitude 37 ° N to 40 ° N Longitude 94 ° 35 ′ W to 102 ° 3 ′ W Population Ranked 35th Total 2,913,123 (2017 est.) Density 35.1 / sq mi (13.5 / km) Ranked 40th Median household income $54,865 (30th) Elevation Highest point Mount Sunflower 4,041 ft (1232 m) Mean 2,000 ft (610 m) Lowest point Verdigris River at Oklahoma border 679 ft (207 m) Before statehood Kansas Territory Admission to Union January 29, 1861 Kansas Day (34th) Governor Jeff Colyer (R) Lieutenant Governor Tracey Mann (R) Legislature Kansas Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Pat Roberts (R) Jerry Moran (R) U.S. House delegation Roger Marshall (R) Lynn Jenkins (R) Kevin Yoder (R) Ron Estes (R) (list) Time zones Majority of state Central: UTC − 6 / − 5 Greeley, Hamilton, Sherman, and Wallace counties Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - KS Abbreviations KS, Kan., Kans. Website www.kansas.gov", "title": "Kansas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albion is a town in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma, United States, about south of the Pushmataha-Latimer county line. The population was 106 at the 2010 census. When Albion was established, before Oklahoma became a state, the community was located in Wade County, Choctaw Nation, in what was then known as Indian Territory.", "title": "Albion, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blaine is an unincorporated community in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, United States. It is located 29 miles northeast of Manhattan at the crossroads of K-99 and K-16.", "title": "Blaine, Kansas" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.", "title": "Armenians" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population:", "title": "Henichesk Raion" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albion is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States, located about 27 miles southeast of Madison on Interstate 90. The population was 1,823 at the 2000 Census. The unincorporated communities of Albion, Highwood, Hillside, and Indian Heights are located in the town.", "title": "Albion, Dane County, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goodings Grove was a census-designated place in northern Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,084 at the 2000 census. It ceased to exist as an entity upon the incorporation of the village of Homer Glen, Illinois in 2001.", "title": "Goodings Grove, Illinois" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "K-27 is a long north–south state highway that parallels Kansas' western border with Colorado. It begins in Elkhart at the Oklahoma state line and travels through the seven counties that border Colorado until reaching its northern terminus in Cheyenne County north of St. Francis, where it ends at the Nebraska state line (effectively becoming like-numbered Nebraska Highway 27).", "title": "K-27 (Kansas highway)" } ]	What is the population of the state where the K-27 highway is located?	2,913,123	[]	Title: Kansas Passage: State of Kansas Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Sunflower State (official); The Wheat State; The Free State Motto (s): Ad astra per aspera (Latin for To the stars through difficulties) State song (s): ``Home on the Range ''Official language English Demonym Kansan Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Largest metro Greater Kansas City Area Ranked 15th Total 82,278 sq mi (213,100 km) Width 410 miles (660 km) Length 213 miles (343 km)% water 0.6 Latitude 37 ° N to 40 ° N Longitude 94 ° 35 ′ W to 102 ° 3 ′ W Population Ranked 35th Total 2,913,123 (2017 est.) Density 35.1 / sq mi (13.5 / km) Ranked 40th Median household income $54,865 (30th) Elevation Highest point Mount Sunflower 4,041 ft (1232 m) Mean 2,000 ft (610 m) Lowest point Verdigris River at Oklahoma border 679 ft (207 m) Before statehood Kansas Territory Admission to Union January 29, 1861 Kansas Day (34th) Governor Jeff Colyer (R) Lieutenant Governor Tracey Mann (R) Legislature Kansas Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Pat Roberts (R) Jerry Moran (R) U.S. House delegation Roger Marshall (R) Lynn Jenkins (R) Kevin Yoder (R) Ron Estes (R) (list) Time zones Majority of state Central: UTC − 6 / − 5 Greeley, Hamilton, Sherman, and Wallace counties Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - KS Abbreviations KS, Kan., Kans. Website www.kansas.gov Title: K-27 (Kansas highway) Passage: K-27 is a long north–south state highway that parallels Kansas' western border with Colorado. It begins in Elkhart at the Oklahoma state line and travels through the seven counties that border Colorado until reaching its northern terminus in Cheyenne County north of St. Francis, where it ends at the Nebraska state line (effectively becoming like-numbered Nebraska Highway 27). Title: Little Sand Lake, Minnesota Passage: Little Sand Lake is an unorganized territory in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the unorganized territory population was 349.	[ "Kansas", "K-27 (Kansas highway)" ]
3hop1__380919_819131_47977	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hamida Djandoubi (Arabic: حميدة جندوبي ‎; September 22, 1949 -- September 10, 1977) was a Tunisian agricultural worker and convicted murderer. He moved to Marseille, France, in 1968 and six years later he kidnapped, tortured and murdered 22 - year - old Élisabeth Bousquet, his former girlfriend. He was sentenced to death in February 1977 and executed in September that year. He was the last person to be executed in Western Europe and in the European Union and the last person legally executed by beheading in the Western world. Marcel Chevalier served as chief executioner.", "title": "Hamida Djandoubi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ennio Marchetto (; born 20 February 1960 in Venice) is an Italian comedic live entertainer whose performances feature quick-change artistry, impersonations and his trademark bi-dimensional paper costumes. He is also known as The Living Paper Cartoon. In his one-hour show he goes through more than 50 costume changes, in front of the audience without hiding behind drapes or screens and without any assistance by stage hands. In the last 30 years Marchetto has performed in over 170 countries and has been seen by more than one million people. His shows were honoured with numerous awards and highly praised by international critics.", "title": "Ennio Marchetto" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There have been 62 contests, with one winner each year except the tied 1969 contest, which had four. Twenty - seven different countries have won the contest. Switzerland won the first contest in 1956. The country with the highest number of wins is Ireland, with seven. The only person to have won more than once as performer is Ireland's Johnny Logan, who performed ``What's Another Year ''in 1980 and`` Hold Me Now'' in 1987. Logan is also one of only five songwriters to have written more than one winning entry (``Hold Me Now ''1987 and`` Why Me?'' 1992, performed by Linda Martin). This unique distinction makes Logan the only person to have three Eurovision victories to his / her credit, as either singer, songwriter or both. The other four songwriters with more than one winning entry to their credit are, Willy van Hemert (Netherlands, 1957 and 1959), Yves Dessca (Monaco, 1971 and Luxembourg, 1972), Rolf Løvland (Norway, 1985 and 1995) and Brendan Graham (Ireland, 1994 and 1996).", "title": "List of Eurovision Song Contest winners" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel has 18,096 kilometers (11,244 mi) of paved roads, and 2.4 million motor vehicles. The number of motor vehicles per 1,000 persons was 324, relatively low with respect to developed countries. Israel has 5,715 buses on scheduled routes, operated by several carriers, the largest of which is Egged, serving most of the country. Railways stretch across 949 kilometers (590 mi) and are operated solely by government-owned Israel Railways (All figures are for 2008). Following major investments beginning in the early to mid-1990s, the number of train passengers per year has grown from 2.5 million in 1990, to 35 million in 2008; railways are also used to transport 6.8 million tons of cargo, per year.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cara Elizabeth Dillon (born 21 July 1975, Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish folk singer. In 1995, she joined the folk supergroup Equation and signed a record deal with Warners Music Group. After leaving the group, she collaborated with Sam Lakeman under the name Polar Star. In 2001, she released her first solo album, \"Cara Dillon\", which featured traditional songs and two original Dillon\\Lakeman compositions. The album was an unexpected hit in the folk world, with Dillon receiving four nominations at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards.", "title": "Cara Dillon" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Bailey (January 1947 -- January 25, 1996) was a convicted murderer hanged in Delaware in 1996. He became only the third person to be hanged in the United States since 1965 (the previous two were Charles Rodman Campbell and Westley Allan Dodd, both in Washington) and the first person hanged in Delaware in 50 years.", "title": "Billy Bailey" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josef Jakobs (30 June 1898 – 15 August 1941) was a German spy and the last person to be executed at the Tower of London. He was captured shortly after parachuting into the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Convicted of espionage under the Treachery Act 1940, Jakobs was shot by a military firing squad. He was not hanged because he was captured as an enemy combatant.", "title": "Josef Jakobs" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents, making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals – second generation immigrants, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship; In 2016, about 201,000 people acquired Italian citizenship (130,000 in 2014). The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, that were estimated in 2008 to number at least 670,000.Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded.", "title": "Italy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson. He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev. Other notable Western performers, including Sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns. West was reportedly paid US$3 million for his performance. West had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining Shakira and Rage Against The Machine in refusing to perform in Arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe \"Red\" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John \"Peter\" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Never Made Love (Till I Made It with You)\" is a single by American country music artist Mac Davis. It was released in April 1985 as the first single from his album \"Till I Made It with You\". The song peaked at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, making it Davis's last top-10 country hit.", "title": "I Never Made Love (Till I Made It with You)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khadijeh Shahla Jahed (10 May 1969 – 1 December 2010) was an Iranian nurse who was sentenced to death for her alleged involvement in the murder of her boyfriend's wife. She was hanged on 1 December 2010, being the 146th person to be executed in Iran in that year.", "title": "Shahla Jahed" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran.", "title": "Soviet–Afghan War" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Never In A Million Years\" is the lead single release from After The Morning, the third album by Cara Dillon. The single was released as a promo for radio stations in the UK and Ireland. The single was also released exclusively by iTunes as a digital download a week prior to the release of \"After the Morning\", where it climbed to #39 in the iTunes Top 100.", "title": "Never in a Million Years (Cara Dillon song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous country in North America is the United States with 318.4 million persons. The second largest country is Mexico with a population of 112,322,757. Canada is the third most populous country with 32,623,490. The majority of Caribbean island - nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the United States), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million. Greenland has a small population of 55,984 for its massive size (2,166,000 km2 or 836,300 mi2), and therefore, it has the world's lowest population density at 0.026 pop. / km2 (0.067 pop. / mi2).", "title": "North America" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Paul Astley (/ ˈrɪk ˈæstli /; born 6 February 1966) is an English singer, songwriter and radio personality. His 1987 song ``Never Gonna Give You Up ''was a No. 1 hit single in 25 countries and won the 1988 Brit Award for Best British Single. By the time of his retirement in 1993, Astley had sold approximately 40 million records worldwide.", "title": "Rick Astley" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rainey Bethea (c. 1909 -- August 14, 1936) was the last person to be publicly executed in the United States. Bethea, who confessed to the rape and murder of a 70 - year - old woman named Lischia Edwards, was convicted of her rape and publicly hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky. Mistakes in performing the hanging and the surrounding media circus contributed to the end of public executions in the United States.", "title": "Rainey Bethea" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 1935 -- 20 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland.", "title": "Robert McGladdery" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" } ]	Who was the last person hanged in the country of citizenship of Never in a Million Years' singer?	Robert Andrew McGladdery	[ "Robert McGladdery" ]	Title: Robert McGladdery Passage: Robert Andrew McGladdery (18 October 1935 -- 20 December 1961) was the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland. Title: Never in a Million Years (Cara Dillon song) Passage: "Never In A Million Years" is the lead single release from After The Morning, the third album by Cara Dillon. The single was released as a promo for radio stations in the UK and Ireland. The single was also released exclusively by iTunes as a digital download a week prior to the release of "After the Morning", where it climbed to #39 in the iTunes Top 100. Title: Cara Dillon Passage: Cara Elizabeth Dillon (born 21 July 1975, Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish folk singer. In 1995, she joined the folk supergroup Equation and signed a record deal with Warners Music Group. After leaving the group, she collaborated with Sam Lakeman under the name Polar Star. In 2001, she released her first solo album, "Cara Dillon", which featured traditional songs and two original Dillon\Lakeman compositions. The album was an unexpected hit in the folk world, with Dillon receiving four nominations at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards.	[ "Cara Dillon", "Never in a Million Years (Cara Dillon song)", "Robert McGladdery" ]
2hop__125595_43463	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lovers in Quarantine is an extant 1925 American silent comedy film starring Bebe Daniels and directed by Frank Tuttle. It was produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on a 1924 Broadway play \"Quarantine\" by F. Tennyson Jesse. It is preserved at the Library of Congress.", "title": "Lovers in Quarantine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical fantasy comedy - drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 novel A Christmas Carol. It is the fourth in a series of live - action musical films featuring The Muppets, with Michael Caine starring as Ebenezer Scrooge. Although it is a comedic film with contemporary songs, The Muppet Christmas Carol otherwise follows Dickens's original story closely. The film was produced and directed by Brian Henson for Jim Henson Productions and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "title": "The Muppet Christmas Carol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William James Roache (born 29 December 1985) is an English actor who is perhaps best known for his roles in connection with his father William Roache. In \"Coronation Street\" he played James, the long-lost grandson of Ken Barlow (played by his father). He also played the role of his own father William as a young man in the BBC drama \"The Road to Coronation Street\".", "title": "James Roache" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Somersby, Lincolnshire, he was an elder brother of Alfred Tennyson; his friendship and the \"heart union\" with his greater brother is revealed in \"Poems by Two Brothers\" (1829). Another poet brother was Frederick Tennyson.", "title": "Charles Tennyson Turner" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bushwhackers is a 1925 Australian silent film directed by Raymond Longford loosely based on Alfred Tennyson's \"Enoch Arden\". It is considered a lost film.", "title": "The Bushwhackers (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Bester is a \"Babylon 5\" character played by Walter Koenig. He is a senior Psi Cop and a recurring antagonist in the series. J. Michael Straczynski named the character after the science fiction writer Alfred Bester, since telepathy is a recurring theme in his work (most notably \"The Demolished Man\", which partly may have inspired the Psi corps and the \"death of personality\" legal punishment in the Babylon 5 universe).", "title": "Alfred Bester (Babylon 5)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriette (Ahlsell) Nobel (1805–1889). The couple married in 1827 and had eight children. The family was impoverished, and only Alfred and his three brothers survived past childhood. Through his father, Alfred Nobel was a descendant of the Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702), and in his turn the boy was interested in engineering, particularly explosives, learning the basic principles from his father at a young age. Alfred Nobel's interest in technology was inherited from his father, an alumnus of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.", "title": "Alfred Nobel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dan Stevens as Charles Dickens Ely Solan as young Charles Christopher Plummer as Ebenezer Scrooge Jonathan Pryce as John Dickens, Charles Dickens' father Simon Callow as John Leech, an illustrator Donald Sumpter as Jacob Marley Miriam Margolyes as Mrs. Fisk Morfydd Clark as Kate Dickens Justin Edwards as John Forster / Ghost of Christmas Present Miles Jupp as William Makepeace Thackeray Ian McNeice as Edward Chapman Bill Paterson as Mr. Grimsby John Henshaw as Mr. Fezziwig Annette Badland as Mrs. Fezziwig Anna Murphy as Tara / Ghost of Christmas Past Jasper Hughes - Cotter as Walter Dickens Eddie Jackson as Scam Artist Neil Slevin as Italian Workman Paul Kealyn as Warren's Foreman Aleah Lennon as Mamie Dickens Ger Ryan as Elizabeth Dickens Valeria Bandino as Tart", "title": "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Man from Blankley's is a lost 1930 American pre-Code comedy film, directed by Alfred E. Green. It starred John Barrymore and Loretta Young. The film was based on the 1903 play by Thomas Anstey Guthrie, writing under the pseudonym \"F. Anstey\". The film was Barrymore's second feature length all-talking film. A previous silent film version of Anstey's play by Paramount Pictures appeared in 1920 as \"The Fourteenth Man\" starring Robert Warwick. That version is also lost.", "title": "The Man from Blankley's" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series Downton Abbey (2010 -- 12). He also starred as David in the thriller film The Guest (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (2014), The Beast / Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast (2017), Lorin Willis in the biographical legal drama Marshall (2017), and Charles Dickens in the biographical drama The Man Who Invented Christmas (2017). Since 2017, he has starred as David Haller in the FX series Legion.", "title": "Dan Stevens" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Brian Levant. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to purchase a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last-minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve.", "title": "Jingle All the Way" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote A Christmas Carol, and how Dickens' fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real - life father, John Dickens (Pryce).", "title": "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father Christmas is the traditional English name for the personification of Christmas. Although now known as a Christmas gift - bringer, and normally considered to be synonymous with American culture's Santa Claus which is now known worldwide, he was originally part of an unrelated and much older English folkloric tradition. The recognisably modern figure of the English Father Christmas developed in the late Victorian period, but Christmas had been personified for centuries before then.", "title": "Father Christmas" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs (French: \"La Vie singulière d'Albert Nobbs\") is a play by French author Simone Benmussa. Based on a novella by George Moore, the drama tells the story of a 19th-century woman who disguises herself as a man to avoid poverty. The role of Albert Nobbs was originated by French actress Juliet Berto. The drama premiered in November 1977 at the Théâtre d'Orsay in Paris.", "title": "The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ebbie or Miracle at Christmas: Ebbie's Story is a 1995 TV movie directed by George Kaczender, written by Ed Redlich, and starring Susan Lucci in the title role. It is a gender-reversed retelling of \"A Christmas Carol\" by Charles Dickens, with a hard-hearted female character in place of the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge.", "title": "Ebbie" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Dickens first saw the mansion when he was 9 years old in 1821, when his father John Dickens told Charles that if he worked hard enough, one day he would own it or just such a house. As a boy, Charles Dickens would often walk from Chatham to Gads Hill Place as he wished to see it again and again as an image of his possible future. Dickens was later to write, ``I used to look at it as a wonderful Mansion (which God knows it is not) when I was a very odd little child with the first faint shadows of all my books in my head - I suppose. ''Thirty - five years later, after Dickens had risen to fame and wealth, he discovered that the house was for sale and bought it for £1790 in March 1856 from fellow writer Eliza Lynn (later known as novelist Mrs. Eliza Lynn Linton). Initially Dickens bought the house as an investment, intending to let it, but changed his mind and used it instead as a country retreat, moving into the house in June 1857.", "title": "Gads Hill Place" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens (28 October 1845 – 2 January 1912) was the sixth child and fourth son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He made lecture tours in Australia, Europe and the United States on his father's life and work.", "title": "Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\" Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bob Cratchit is a fictional character in the Charles Dickens novel A Christmas Carol. The abused, underpaid clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge (and possibly Jacob Marley, when he was still alive), Cratchit has come to symbolize poor working conditions, especially long working hours.", "title": "Bob Cratchit" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Played by Michael Gross. Alfred is Ted's father, married to Virginia for 30 years before they get divorced. He shares similar views on romance to Ted, being described as a ``head - in - the - clouds romantic ''by Virginia.", "title": "List of How I Met Your Mother characters" } ]	Who plays Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens's father in The Man Who Invented Christmas?	Dan Stevens	[ "Daniel Jonathan Stevens" ]	Title: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) Passage: The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote A Christmas Carol, and how Dickens' fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real - life father, John Dickens (Pryce). Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Michael Gross. Alfred is Ted's father, married to Virginia for 30 years before they get divorced. He shares similar views on romance to Ted, being described as a ``head - in - the - clouds romantic ''by Virginia. Title: Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens Passage: Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens (28 October 1845 – 2 January 1912) was the sixth child and fourth son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He made lecture tours in Australia, Europe and the United States on his father's life and work.	[ "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)", "Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens" ]
2hop__610598_37261	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century. The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule. Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of Western European and Islamic artistic tendencies. Best examples of Sicilian mosaic art are the Cappella Palatina of Roger II, the Martorana church in Palermo and the cathedrals of Cefalù and Monreale.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century. Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times. Nine mosaic panels in the Hagios Demetrios Church, which were made between 634 and 730, also escaped destruction. Unusually almost all represent Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, often with suppliants before him.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The apse mosaic of the Gelati Monastery is a rare example of mosaic use in Georgia. Began by king David IV and completed by his son Demetrius I of Georgia, the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels. The use of mosaic in Gelati attests to some Byzantine influence in the country and was a demonstration of the imperial ambition of the Bagrationids. The mosaic covered church could compete in magnificence with the churches of Constantinople. Gelati is one of few mosaic creations which survived in Georgia but fragments prove that the early churches of Pitsunda and Tsromi were also decorated with mosaic as well as other, lesser known sites. The destroyed 6th century mosaic floors in the Pitsunda Cathedral have been inspired by Roman prototypes. In Tsromi the tesserae are still visible on the walls of the 7th-century church but only faint lines hint at the original scheme. Its central figure was Christ standing and displaying a scroll with Georgian text.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southern Italy was also part of the Norman kingdom but great mosaics did not survive in this area except the fine mosaic pavement of the Otranto Cathedral from 1166, with mosaics tied into a tree of life, mostly still preserved. The scenes depict biblical characters, warrior kings, medieval beasts, allegories of the months and working activity. Only fragments survived from the original mosaic decoration of Amalfi's Norman Cathedral. The mosaic ambos in the churches of Ravello prove that mosaic art was widespread in Southern Italy during the 11th–13th centuries.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The monastic communities of the Judean Desert also decorated their monasteries with mosaic floors. The Monastery of Martyrius was founded in the end of the 5th century and it was re-discovered in 1982–85. The most important work of art here is the intact geometric mosaic floor of the refectory although the severely damaged church floor was similarly rich. The mosaics in the church of the nearby Monastery of Euthymius are of later date (discovered in 1930). They were laid down in the Umayyad era, after a devastating earthquake in 659. Two six pointed stars and a red chalice are the most important surviving features.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kyriaki Kouvari (; born January 19, 1984 in Thessaloniki) is a Greek taekwondo practitioner. She won the bronze medal for the heavyweight category at the 2003 World Taekwondo Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.", "title": "Kyriaki Kouvari" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In parts of Italy, which were under eastern artistic influences, like Sicily and Venice, mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages. The whole interior of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate, golden mosaics. The oldest scenes were executed by Greek masters in the late 11th century but the majority of the mosaics are works of local artists from the 12th–13th centuries. The decoration of the church was finished only in the 16th century. One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis, a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople (1204). The mosaics were executed in the 1220s.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 15, 2017, Bishop Eddie Long died from an aggressive form of cancer according to a statement released by the church. The church then announced Stephen A. Davis, pastor of New Birth Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama would be Long's successor at New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia while remaining pastor of the Birmingham church.", "title": "New Birth Missionary Baptist Church" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome, gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages. 5th century mosaics can be found over the triumphal arch and in the nave of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period. Two other important 5th century mosaics are lost but we know them from 17th-century drawings. In the apse mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti (462–472, destroyed in 1589) Christ was seated on a globe with the twelve Apostles flanking him, six on either side. At Sant'Andrea in Catabarbara (468–483, destroyed in 1686) Christ appeared in the center, flanked on either side by three Apostles. Four streams flowed from the little mountain supporting Christ. The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559. The composition probably remained unchanged: Christ flanked by male and female saints, seated on a hill while lambs drinking from a stream at its feet. All three mosaics had a similar iconography.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century, and in the Basilical of Santi Maria e Donato in Murano with a restored apse mosaic from the 12th century and a beautiful mosaic pavement (1140). The apse of the San Cipriano Church in Murano was decorated with an impressive golden mosaic from the early 13th century showing Christ enthroned with Mary, St John and the two patron saints, Cipriano and Cipriana. When the church was demolished in the 19th century, the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia. It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oleg Bogayev was born in 1970 in the city of Sverdlovsk (now called Yekaterinburg) in Russia. He writes of growing up as the Cold War gave way to the emergence of Perestroika, a \"change from the decay of the empire to the birth of a new society.\" He cites the social turmoil of recent decades as useful for artistic product: \"[What] I know is that Russia is just the right place for a playwright - with shattering of fates, conflicts, crumbling of hopes, clashes of ideas - all that I've seen and experienced.\"", "title": "Oleg Bogayev" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerusalem with its many holy places probably had the highest concentration of mosaic-covered churches but very few of them survived the subsequent waves of destructions. The present remains do not do justice to the original richness of the city. The most important is the so-called \"Armenian Mosaic\" which was discovered in 1894 on the Street of the Prophets near Damascus Gate. It depicts a vine with many branches and grape clusters, which springs from a vase. Populating the vine's branches are peacocks, ducks, storks, pigeons, an eagle, a partridge, and a parrot in a cage. The inscription reads: \"For the memory and salvation of all those Armenians whose name the Lord knows.\" Beneath a corner of the mosaic is a small, natural cave which contained human bones dating to the 5th or 6th centuries. The symbolism of the mosaic and the presence of the burial cave indicates that the room was used as a mortuary chapel.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia. They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites. The esonarthex has two fluted domes, specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ. The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos. The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban, offering the model of the church to Christ. The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ. These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings, landscapes, figures.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Iconoclastic era, figural mosaics were also condemned as idolatry. The Iconoclastic churches were embellished with plain gold mosaics with only one great cross in the apse like the Hagia Irene in Constantinople (after 740). There were similar crosses in the apses of the Hagia Sophia Church in Thessaloniki and in the Church of the Dormition in Nicaea. The crosses were substituted with the image of the Theotokos in both churches after the victory of the Iconodules (787–797 and in 8th–9th centuries respectively, the Dormition church was totally destroyed in 1922).", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another great undertaking by Constantine Monomachos was the restoration of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem between 1042 and 1048. Nothing survived of the mosaics which covered the walls and the dome of the edifice but the Russian abbot Daniel, who visited Jerusalem in 1106–1107 left a description: \"Lively mosaics of the holy prophets are under the ceiling, over the tribune. The altar is surmounted by a mosaic image of Christ. In the main altar one can see the mosaic of the Exhaltation of Adam. In the apse the Ascension of Christ. The Annunciation occupies the two pillars next to the altar.\"", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which probably represent the style of contemporary palace decoration.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mosaics of the Church of St Stephen in ancient Kastron Mefaa (now Umm ar-Rasas) were made in 785 (discovered after 1986). The perfectly preserved mosaic floor is the largest one in Jordan. On the central panel hunting and fishing scenes are depicted while another panel illustrates the most important cities of the region. The frame of the mosaic is especially decorative. Six mosaic masters signed the work: Staurachios from Esbus, Euremios, Elias, Constantinus, Germanus and Abdela. It overlays another, damaged, mosaic floor of the earlier (587) \"Church of Bishop Sergius.\" Another four churches were excavated nearby with traces of mosaic decoration.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mosaic art also flourished in Christian Petra where three Byzantine churches were discovered. The most important one was uncovered in 1990. It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual. The mosaic of the seasons in the southern aisle is from this first building period from the middle of the 5th century. In the first half of the 6th century the mosaics of the northern aisle and the eastern end of the southern aisle were installed. They depict native as well as exotic or mythological animals, and personifications of the Seasons, Ocean, Earth and Wisdom.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14. Although some vandal systematically removed the gold tesserae of the background it can be seen that the Pantokrator and the prophets in the dome follow the traditional Byzantine pattern. Many details are similar to the Pammakaristos mosaics so it is supposed that the same team of mosaicists worked in both buildings. Another building with a related mosaic decoration is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church in Arta. The church was established by the Despot of Epirus in 1294–96. In the dome is the traditional stern Pantokrator, with prophets and cherubim below.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.", "title": "Mosaic" } ]	The mosaic in the church in the city where Kyriaki Kouvari was born is known as what?	Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision)	[]	Title: Mosaic Passage: Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century. Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times. Nine mosaic panels in the Hagios Demetrios Church, which were made between 634 and 730, also escaped destruction. Unusually almost all represent Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, often with suppliants before him. Title: Mosaic Passage: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor. Title: Kyriaki Kouvari Passage: Kyriaki Kouvari (; born January 19, 1984 in Thessaloniki) is a Greek taekwondo practitioner. She won the bronze medal for the heavyweight category at the 2003 World Taekwondo Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.	[ "Mosaic", "Kyriaki Kouvari" ]
2hop__180663_501351	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aurum Hotels was an Italian professional cycling team founded in 1996 and disbanded in 2007. Over the years the team included several stars such as Danilo Di Luca and Mario Cipollini.", "title": "Aurum Hotels" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nightmare in Pink is the second novel in the Travis McGee series written by John D. McDonald. It was published concurrently with the first book in the series, \"The Deep Blue Good-by\". In \"Nightmare in Pink\", McGee is asked by a friend from his military days to help his sister Nina in the investigation of her fiancé's death and the large sum of money involved. The book's title is a reference to the inclusion of hallucinogenic drugs as a plot device in the climax. Much of the action takes place in New York City and upstate New York, a departure from McGee's usual haunts in Florida.", "title": "Nightmare in Pink" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bright Orange for the Shroud (1965) is a sixth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot follows McGee as he attempts to salvage the money of friend Arthur Wilkinson after the man is defrauded in a semi-legal confidence scheme involving a land deal.", "title": "Bright Orange for the Shroud" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cabo Wabo is a nightclub and restaurant located in Cabo San Lucas, BCS, Mexico. Franchises exist in Harvey's Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada, the Las Vegas Strip, and on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It is also a popular brand of tequila. All were founded by rock musician Sammy Hagar.", "title": "Cabo Wabo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Scarlet Ruse (1972) is the fourteenth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's investigation into some extremely valuable rare postage stamps which have been stolen.", "title": "The Scarlet Ruse" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lucas Whitney McGee is a former US Rowing national team member, former Oxford Blue Boat member, and former freshman coach of rowing at the University of Washington and Brown University. He is currently one of two USRowing Men's National Team coaches. Luke began his rowing career at 15 years old while attending Loyola Academy after his father Ray and brother Josh encouraged him to try out for the team. After high school, he attended Yale University for a year, but then transferred to Brown University where he rowed competitively and was captain of his crew. Luke returned to Brown in the fall of 2004 and coached the Freshmen from 2004–2007. From 2004–2012, McGee's freshmen crews at Brown and Washington have captured three Eastern Sprints Championships, four Pac-10 Championships, three gold medals and one silver medal at the IRA National Championship, as well as winning Washington's first ever Temple Challenge Cup in 2010.", "title": "Lucas McGee" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Witches is an American heavy metal band from New Jersey. The band was founded in 1998 by Jack Frost and Bobby Lucas", "title": "Seven Witches" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American McGee's Alice is a third-person psychological horror action-adventure platform video game released for PC on December 6, 2000. The game, developed by Rogue Entertainment and published by Electronic Arts, is an unofficial sequel to Lewis Carroll's Alice novels. It was designed by American McGee and features music composed by Chris Vrenna.The game uses the id Tech 3 game engine. A PlayStation 2 port was in development and planned for a release sometime around 2001 but was canceled. Set years after Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, the game features an older, more cynical and macabre incarnation of Alice. As of 22 July 2010, American McGee's Alice has sold over 1.5 million copies.", "title": "American McGee's Alice" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pale Gray for Guilt (1968) is the ninth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's investigation into the death of his close friend Tush Bannon, who he suspects has been murdered because of his refusal to sell his waterfront property to developers. In terms of series continuity, \"Pale Gray for Guilt\" is particularly important in that it involves a love interest, Puss Killian, who is central to the final book: \"The Lonely Silver Rain\".", "title": "Pale Gray for Guilt" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lonely Silver Rain (1985) is the 21st and final novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The work was published a year prior to the author's death, and was not intentionally the end of the series. It is also notable for the introduction of McGee's daughter Jean, who he unwittingly (but not unwillingly) sired with the now-deceased love interest Puss Killian from the ninth book in the series: \"Pale Gray for Guilt\". At the end of the book McGee has taken all of his cash in hand except for a few hundred dollars and placed it in a trust fund for his newly met teenage daughter, and needs to go back to work as a \"salvage consultant.\" The author's death prevented any further development of this new character and plot line.", "title": "The Lonely Silver Rain" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Quick Red Fox (1964) is the fourth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. In it, McGee is hired to aid a fictitious Hollywood star named Lysa Dean who is being blackmailed with revealing photographs.", "title": "The Quick Red Fox" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Geoffry Lucas (6 June 1872 – 3 October 1947), generally known as Geoffry Lucas, but often found incorrectly spelt as Geoffrey Lucas, was a 20th-century English architect. He is perhaps best known for his work in connection with the garden city movement, but was also active in other areas, including the design of churches and church fittings.", "title": "Thomas Geoffry Lucas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McGee Rock () is an isolated rock at the south side of Parker Pass, about south of Zuncich Hill, in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Wayne R. McGee, U.S. Navy, an equipment operator at Byrd Station, 1966.", "title": "McGee Rock" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders.", "title": "James Manning (minister)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Camerata de' Bardi is the academic orchestra of the University of Pavia in Italy. It was founded in 1989 by Luca Bardi (violinist) and Franco Gerevini (pianist, oboist, and conductor). Its present conductor is Nicola Bisson.", "title": "Camerata de' Bardi (orchestra)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johann Lucas Boër (20 April 1751 in Uffenheim, \"Grafschaft Ansbach\" – 19 January 1835 in Alsergrund), originally Johann Lucas \"Boogers\" (sometimes spelled Rogers Lucas Johann Boër) was a German medical doctor and obstetrician.", "title": "Johann Lucas Boër" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Fearful Yellow Eye (1966) is the eighth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's attempts to aid his longtime friend Glory Doyle in her quest to uncover the truth about her late husband and the blackmail which made over half a million dollars of his fortune disappear. It is largely set in Chicago, rather than the usual McGee haunt of Florida.", "title": "One Fearful Yellow Eye" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margo Cathleen Harshman (born March 4, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles on The Big Bang Theory as Sheldon Cooper's assistant, Alex Jensen, and as Delilah McGee, Timothy McGee's paraplegic wife on NCIS.", "title": "Margo Harshman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Ripper (1979) is a mystery novel by John D. McDonald, the eighteenth of 21 in the Travis McGee series.", "title": "The Green Ripper" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucas Cranach the Younger (\"Lucas Cranach der Jüngere\" ; 4 October 1515 – 25 January 1586) was a German Renaissance painter and portraitist, the son of Lucas Cranach the Elder.", "title": "Lucas Cranach the Younger" } ]	Who founded the school where Lucas McGee was educated?	James Manning	[]	Title: Lucas McGee Passage: Lucas Whitney McGee is a former US Rowing national team member, former Oxford Blue Boat member, and former freshman coach of rowing at the University of Washington and Brown University. He is currently one of two USRowing Men's National Team coaches. Luke began his rowing career at 15 years old while attending Loyola Academy after his father Ray and brother Josh encouraged him to try out for the team. After high school, he attended Yale University for a year, but then transferred to Brown University where he rowed competitively and was captain of his crew. Luke returned to Brown in the fall of 2004 and coached the Freshmen from 2004–2007. From 2004–2012, McGee's freshmen crews at Brown and Washington have captured three Eastern Sprints Championships, four Pac-10 Championships, three gold medals and one silver medal at the IRA National Championship, as well as winning Washington's first ever Temple Challenge Cup in 2010. Title: American McGee's Alice Passage: American McGee's Alice is a third-person psychological horror action-adventure platform video game released for PC on December 6, 2000. The game, developed by Rogue Entertainment and published by Electronic Arts, is an unofficial sequel to Lewis Carroll's Alice novels. It was designed by American McGee and features music composed by Chris Vrenna.The game uses the id Tech 3 game engine. A PlayStation 2 port was in development and planned for a release sometime around 2001 but was canceled. Set years after Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, the game features an older, more cynical and macabre incarnation of Alice. As of 22 July 2010, American McGee's Alice has sold over 1.5 million copies. Title: James Manning (minister) Passage: James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders.	[ "Lucas McGee", "James Manning (minister)" ]
2hop__32953_514685	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gregory G. Colomb (September 5, 1951 – October 11, 2011) was a professor of the English language and literature and Director of Writing Programs at the University of Virginia. His research interests were in writing studies, 18th century literature, and theory.", "title": "Gregory G. Colomb" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Western Iranian languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median.", "title": "Western Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Petrus Josephus Zoetmulder S.J. (January 29, 1906 – July 8, 1995) was a Dutch expert in the Old Javanese language. He came from Utrecht and was associated with the Society of Jesus by 1925. He worked at Leiden University in the 1930s. His first work appeared in 1930 and he continued to write into the 1990s. He lived in Yogyakarta and was interred in the Jesuit necropolis at Muntilan, Java.", "title": "Petrus Josephus Zoetmulder" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages:", "title": "Baltic Sea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo - Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo - Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples, established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present - day England and parts of southern Scotland. They introduced the Old English language, which largely displaced the previous British language. The Anglo - Saxons warred with British successor states in Wales, Cornwall, and the Hen Ogledd (Old North; the Brythonic - speaking parts of northern England and southern Scotland), as well as with each other. Raids by Vikings became frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen settled in large parts of what is now England. During this period, several rulers attempted to unite the various Anglo - Saxon kingdoms, an effort that led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.", "title": "History of England" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as Slověninъ, plural Slověne. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest Словѣне Slověne to describe the Slavs. Other early Slavic attestations include Old East Slavic Словѣнѣ Slověně for \"an East Slavic group near Novgorod.\" However, the earliest written references to the Slavs under this name are in other languages. In the 6th century AD Procopius, writing in Byzantine Greek, refers to the Σκλάβοι Sklaboi, Σκλαβηνοί Sklabēnoi, Σκλαυηνοί Sklauenoi, Σθλαβηνοί Sthlabenoi, or Σκλαβῖνοι Sklabinoi, while his contemporary Jordanes refers to the Sclaveni in Latin.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), Daylami (d. 1193), Shirazi (d. 1209) and Suhrawardi (d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of Maybudi (d. 1135) kash al-asrar (\"the unveiling of the secrets\"). Rumi (d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book Mathnawi. Rumi makes heavy use of the Quran in his poetry, a feature that is sometimes omitted in translations of Rumi's work. A large number of Quranic passages can be found in Mathnawi, which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Rumi's book is not exceptional for containing citations from and elaboration on the Quran, however, Rumi does mention Quran more frequently. Simnani (d. 1336) wrote two influential works of esoteric exegesis on the Quran. He reconciled notions of God's manifestation through and in the physical world with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (d. 1725). His work ruh al-Bayan (the Spirit of Elucidation) is a voluminous exegesis. Written in Arabic, it combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and Ghazali), all woven together in Hafiz, a Persian poetry form.", "title": "Quran" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor \"Old Iranian\" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) \"Old\" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a \"Median\" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called \"Scythian\".", "title": "Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Literary Koine was the medium of much of post-classical Greek literary and scholarly writing, such as the works of Plutarch and Polybius. Koine is also the language of the Christian New Testament, of the Septuagint (the 3rd - century BC Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible), and of most early Christian theological writing by the Church Fathers. In this context, Koine Greek is also known as ``Biblical '',`` New Testament'', ``ecclesiastical ''or`` patristic'' Greek. It continues to be used as the liturgical language of services in the Greek Orthodox Church.", "title": "Koine Greek" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists. There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC. Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administrative tablets continued to be written in Sumerian, the language used by the scribes. Gelb and Westenholz differentiate three stages of Old Akkadian: that of the pre-Sargonic era, that of the Akkadian empire, and that of the \"Neo-Sumerian Renaissance\" that followed it. Akkadian and Sumerian coexisted as vernacular languages for about one thousand years, but by around 1800 BC, Sumerian was becoming more of a literary language familiar mainly only to scholars and scribes. Thorkild Jacobsen has argued that there is little break in historical continuity between the pre- and post-Sargon periods, and that too much emphasis has been placed on the perception of a \"Semitic vs. Sumerian\" conflict. However, it is certain that Akkadian was also briefly imposed on neighboring parts of Elam that were previously conquered by Sargon.", "title": "Sumer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, as the two languages were not distinguished by most speakers. This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian.", "title": "Serbo-Croatian" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The \"Low\" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "title": "Ancient Egypt" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch, which was a collection of dialects, dietsc was used in Flanders and Brabant, while diets or duutsc was in use in the Northern Netherlands. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, one of the first names ever used for the non-Romance languages of Western Europe, meaning (pertaining to the language) of the people, that is, the native Germanic language. The term was used as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, it refers to the Germanic dialects of Britain. In the Oaths of Strasbourg (842) it appeared as teudisca to refer to the Germanic (Rhenish Franconian) portion of the oath.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chữ Nôm. Collectively, they are known as CJKV characters. In English, they are sometimes called Han characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world.", "title": "Chinese characters" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bengali alphabet (Bengali: বাংলা বর্ণমালা, bangla bôrnômala) or Bengali script (Bengali: বাংলা লিপি, bangla lipi) is the writing system, originating in the Indian subcontinent, for the Bengali language and is the fifth most widely used writing system in the world. The script is used for other languages like Meithei and Bishnupriya Manipuri, and has historically been used to write Sanskrit within Bengal.", "title": "Bengali alphabet" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands (``Hollandic ''), West - Vlaams (`` West Flemish''), Brabants (``Brabantian ''). Sometimes Vlaams (`` Flemish'') is used as well to describe Standard Dutch in Flanders. Over time, the Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch Dietsc, Duutsc or Duitsc was used. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, which literarily means ``popular ''or`` belonging to the populace''. In Western Europe the term was used for the language of the local Germanic populace as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, theodisce refers to Anglo - Saxon, the West Germanic dialects of Britain. Although in Britain the name Englisc replaced theodisce on an early age, speakers of West Germanic in other parts of Europe kept on using it as a reference to their local speech.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.", "title": "Old English" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph M. Williams (18 August 1933, Cleveland, Ohio – 22 February 2008, South Haven, Michigan) was a professor in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago where he promoted clarity in writing for many years. He authored several books on language and writing.", "title": "Joseph M. Williams" } ]	What is the old version of the language in which Maybudi wrote, a part of?	Iranian languages	[]	Title: Dutch language Passage: In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands (``Hollandic ''), West - Vlaams (`` West Flemish''), Brabants (``Brabantian ''). Sometimes Vlaams (`` Flemish'') is used as well to describe Standard Dutch in Flanders. Over time, the Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch Dietsc, Duutsc or Duitsc was used. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, which literarily means ``popular ''or`` belonging to the populace''. In Western Europe the term was used for the language of the local Germanic populace as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, theodisce refers to Anglo - Saxon, the West Germanic dialects of Britain. Although in Britain the name Englisc replaced theodisce on an early age, speakers of West Germanic in other parts of Europe kept on using it as a reference to their local speech. Title: Western Iranian languages Passage: The Western Iranian languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median. Title: Quran Passage: One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir ("Truths of Exegesis") which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), Daylami (d. 1193), Shirazi (d. 1209) and Suhrawardi (d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of Maybudi (d. 1135) kash al-asrar ("the unveiling of the secrets"). Rumi (d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book Mathnawi. Rumi makes heavy use of the Quran in his poetry, a feature that is sometimes omitted in translations of Rumi's work. A large number of Quranic passages can be found in Mathnawi, which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Rumi's book is not exceptional for containing citations from and elaboration on the Quran, however, Rumi does mention Quran more frequently. Simnani (d. 1336) wrote two influential works of esoteric exegesis on the Quran. He reconciled notions of God's manifestation through and in the physical world with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (d. 1725). His work ruh al-Bayan (the Spirit of Elucidation) is a voluminous exegesis. Written in Arabic, it combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and Ghazali), all woven together in Hafiz, a Persian poetry form.	[ "Western Iranian languages", "Quran" ]
2hop__130519_33164	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Valampurinathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Siva located in Melaperumpallam, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. It situated close to Puhar and Thiruvenkadu. The temple dates back to the Medieval Cholas period.", "title": "Valampurinathar Temple" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Most Dangerous Game ''Author Richard Connell Country United States Language English Genre (s) Adventure fiction Published in Collier's Publication type Periodical Publication date January 19, 1924", "title": "The Most Dangerous Game" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gordon Tract is a late Woodland period archeological site located on the floodplain and bluffs of Hinkson Creek near Columbia, Missouri, United States, which contains the remains of a prehistoric village and mounds. Radiocarbon dating of material obtained from the site gave dates of 1017 and 1112 C.E. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The exact location of the site is restricted to protect the remains from harm. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources lists the site in Grindstone Nature Area, a city park.", "title": "Gordon Tract Archeological Site" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.", "title": "Old English" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Zusailing Formation is located in Baoting County, Hainan Province, China. It contains carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone. Its dated to the late Silurian Period.", "title": "Zusailing Formation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Trinchera Cave Archeological District (5LA9555) is an archaeological site in Las Animas County, Colorado with artifacts primarily dating from 1000 BC to AD 1749, although there were some Archaic period artifacts found. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 and is located on State Trust Lands.", "title": "Trinchera Cave Archeological District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kinal is a major pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the Petén Department of the modern-day Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The major occupational phase for the site dates from the Late Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology (c.600–900 AD), with evidence for a substantial and expansionary building program dating from the first half of the 8th century AD. Kinal was discovered in the 1960s by archaeologist Ian Graham while he was carrying out an archaeological survey of the region, although no excavations were undertaken at the site at that time.", "title": "Kinal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern - day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.", "title": "Classical Greece" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European and Arab presence in Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period, but European exploration of the interior began only in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, from 1920 known as the Kenya Colony.", "title": "History of Kenya" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around an aircraft carrier for performance of combat or noncombat missions. Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier flight operations are highly evolved, based on experiences dating back to 1922 with .", "title": "Modern United States Navy carrier air operations" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early Chinese literature including the Yu Gong or Tribute of Yu dating to the Warring States period (475 -- 221 BC) refers to the Yellow River as simply 河 (Old Chinese: * C. gʕaj, modern Chinese (Pinyin) Hé), a character that has come to mean ``river ''in modern usage. The first appearance of the name 黃河 (Old Chinese: * N - kwʕaŋ C. gʕaj; Middle Chinese: Huang Ha) is in the Book of Han written during the Eastern Han dynasty about the Western Han dynasty. The adjective`` yellow'' describes the perennial color of the muddy water in the lower course of the river, which arises from soil (loess) being carried downstream.", "title": "Yellow River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Journal of Modern Periodical Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of modern periodicals published between 1880-1950 in the English-speaking world. The journal was established in 2010 and is published twice a year by Penn State University Press.", "title": "Journal of Modern Periodical Studies" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Falls High School is a public high school located in International Falls, Minnesota. The school's class ring design is the oldest class ring tradition in the United States, dating back to 1929. As of 2014 approximately 600 students attend classes in the school. Every grade level ranges from 70-100 students. In the Fall of 2014 the school changed policies and changed over from a 6 period day to a 7 period day. The students have 5 minutes between each class to maneuver to the next one.", "title": "Falls High School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bulcote is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 330, reducing to 309 at the 2011 Census. The village is on the fringe of the Greater Nottingham area, and is about 7 miles north-east of Nottingham city centre. Nearby places are Burton Joyce (to the southwest) and Lowdham (to the northeast).", "title": "Bulcote" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bayan Mandahu Formation (or Wulansuhai Formation) is a geological unit of \"redbeds\" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China Asia (Gobi Desert) and dates from the late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75-71 mya (million years ago).", "title": "Bayan Mandahu Formation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West - Central Africa. The borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the Niger - Congo, Nilo - Saharan and Afroasiatic areas of the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents. European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period; European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony. Kenya obtained independence in December 1963, but remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, governed by elected governors.", "title": "Kenya" } ]	What is considered the start of the modern period in the country with Bulcote?	Battle of Bosworth in 1485	[ "1485" ]	Title: Modern history Passage: Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century. Title: Bulcote Passage: Bulcote is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 330, reducing to 309 at the 2011 Census. The village is on the fringe of the Greater Nottingham area, and is about 7 miles north-east of Nottingham city centre. Nearby places are Burton Joyce (to the southwest) and Lowdham (to the northeast). Title: Late Middle Ages Passage: The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.	[ "Modern history", "Bulcote" ]
2hop__726843_136211	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One of the Windward Islands, \"Saint Lucia\" was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse (AD 283 – 304). It is the only country in the world named after a historical woman (Ireland is named after the Celtic goddess of fertility Eire). Legend states French sailors were shipwrecked here on 13 December, the feast day of St. Lucy, thus naming the island in honor of \"Sainte Lucie.\"", "title": "Saint Lucia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Roseau is an unorganized territory in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 160 at the 2000 census.", "title": "North Roseau, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poplar Grove Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 80 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Poplar Grove Township, Roseau County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malung Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. It was named by settlers after Malung, a town in central Sweden. The population was 427 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Malung Township, Roseau County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Acheron\" was the name ship of the \"Acheron\"-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She is named after the River Acheron, believed in Greek Mythology to be a branch of the River Styx. She was the fifth ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name.", "title": "HMS Acheron (1911)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Madikwe Game Reserve is a protected area in South Africa, part of the latest park developments in the country. Named after the Madikwe or Marico River, on whose basin it is located, it was opened in 1991 and comprises 750 km² of bushland north of the small town Groot-Marico up to the Botswana border.", "title": "Madikwe Game Reserve" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ladon Valles is a river valley lying within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars located at 22.6° South and 28.7° West. It is 278 km long and was named after an ancient name for a Greek river.", "title": "Ladon Valles" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Licus Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle of Mars, located at . It is long and was named after an ancient name for modern Lech River in Germany and Austria.", "title": "Licus Vallis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marten River is an unincorporated hamlet located in the municipality of Temagami, in the District of Nipissing, Ontario, Canada. The latest census 2005 puts the town population at 87. Marten River is considered the gateway to the Temagami area. It is named after the nearby river.", "title": "Marten River, Ontario" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fontas River, originally Fantasque's River, after the name of a chief of the Sekani people, is a river in northeastern British Columbia, Canada, having its origin in northwestern Alberta, Canada. It joins the Sikanni Chief River southeast of the town of Fort Nelson, British Columbia, forming the Fort Nelson River.", "title": "Fontas River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The McLennan River is a tributary of the Fraser River in the Robson Valley region of British Columbia. The river was named after an engineer on one of the Canadian Pacific Railway surveys in the 1870s.", "title": "McLennan River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name \"\" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name \"Niger\", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name \"egerew n-igerewen\" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Northwest Roseau is an unorganized territory in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 18 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Northwest Roseau, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vermilion River is a river in northern Ohio in the United States. It is long and is a tributary of Lake Erie, draining an area of . The name alludes to the reddish clay that is the predominant local soil along its route. The river is commonly muddy after rains.", "title": "Vermilion River (Ohio)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Roseau River is a river in Saint Lucia. It flows north and then west from the central highlands in the south of the island, reaching the Caribbean Sea to the north of the town of Anse la Raye. The Roseau river is also the longest in the country and is dammed by the John Compton Dam near Millet.", "title": "Roseau River (Saint Lucia)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sabis Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Memnonia quadrangle of Mars, located at 5.3° south latitude and 152.5° west longitude. It is 206 km long and was named after a classical name for the present Sambre River in France and Belgium.", "title": "Sabis Vallis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dan Fabian (born June 28, 1954) is a Republican politician in Minnesota and a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represents District 1A, which includes all of Kittson and Roseau counties, as well as portions of Marshall and Pennington counties in the northwestern part of the state.", "title": "Dan Fabian" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Canyon is a stretch of the Quesnel River in the Cariboo Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, near the city of the same name.", "title": "Big Canyon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shawneehaw Creek is a stream in the North Carolina High Country and is named after a Cherokee word for a tree that blooms early in the Spring, the current name for the tree is Serviceberry, or sarvisberry, and is located in the town of Banner Elk. The headwaters begin from the Southeastern slopes of Beech Mountain in Watauga County, North Carolina and end at the Elk River in Avery County, North Carolina.The tree extend from North Carolina to Louisiana and Florida, and to 6000 feet.", "title": "Shawneehaw Creek" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as \"Central Sudan\". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.", "title": "Nigeria" } ]	After whom is the country where Roseau River is located named?	Saint Lucy	[ "Saint Lucia", "Lucy", "Lucy of Syracuse", "Lucia" ]	Title: Saint Lucia Passage: One of the Windward Islands, "Saint Lucia" was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse (AD 283 – 304). It is the only country in the world named after a historical woman (Ireland is named after the Celtic goddess of fertility Eire). Legend states French sailors were shipwrecked here on 13 December, the feast day of St. Lucy, thus naming the island in honor of "Sainte Lucie." Title: Roseau River (Saint Lucia) Passage: The Roseau River is a river in Saint Lucia. It flows north and then west from the central highlands in the south of the island, reaching the Caribbean Sea to the north of the town of Anse la Raye. The Roseau river is also the longest in the country and is dammed by the John Compton Dam near Millet. Title: Poplar Grove Township, Roseau County, Minnesota Passage: Poplar Grove Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 80 at the 2000 census.	[ "Saint Lucia", "Roseau River (Saint Lucia)" ]
2hop__206080_69291	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama. From the Independence of Panama from Spain in 1821, Panama had simultaneously declared independence from Spain and joined itself to the confederation of Gran Colombia through the Independence Act of Panama. Panama was always tenuously connected to the rest of the country to the south, owing to its remoteness from the government in Bogotá and lack of a practical overland connection to the rest of Gran Colombia. In 1840 - 1841, a short - lived independent republic was established under Tomás de Herrera. After rejoining Colombia following a 13 - month independence, it remained a province which saw frequent rebellious flare - ups, notably the Panama crisis of 1885, which saw the intervention of the United States Navy.", "title": "Separation of Panama from Colombia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esteban Laureano Maradona (born Esperanza, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina 4 July 1895 – died Rosario, Argentina January 14, 1995) was a country doctor, naturalist, writer, and philanthropist. Maradona practiced medicine in the village of Estanislao del Campo, in the remote province of Formosa, for 50 years. Maradona moved to Paraguay during the Chaco War, where he was appointed director of Asuncion's Naval Hospital. He also worked with indigenous communities on economic, cultural, humanitarian, and social issues.", "title": "Esteban Laureano Maradona" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tony Laureano is a heavy metal drummer originally from Puerto Rico. He has played for a number of metal bands (either as a full band member or a session drummer) including Dimmu Borgir, Nile, Angelcorpse, Malevolent Creation, God Dethroned, Acheron, Aurora Borealis, Belphegor, Nachtmystium, 1349 and Brujeria.", "title": "Tony Laureano" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "title": "Decolonisation of Africa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laureano Leone (born September 11, 1928) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1990.", "title": "Laureano Leone" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Exorcist is an independent horror film directed by Tony Trov and Johnny Zito starring Bill Moseley and Falon Joslyn released in October 2018.", "title": "American Exorcist" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lahej was sultanate of the 'Abdali dynasty. In 1740 the 'Abdali sultan became independent. It became independent thanks to the fracturing of the Zaidi State in north Yemen. The Sultanate of Lahej became an independent entity, from 1728 to 1839.", "title": "Sultanate of Lahej" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of El Salvador begins with several Mesoamerican nations, especially the Cuzcatlecs, as well as the Lenca and Maya. In the early 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City. In 1821, the country achieved independence from Spain as part of the First Mexican Empire, only to further secede as part of the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823. Upon the republic's dissolution in 1841, El Salvador became sovereign until forming a short - lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898.", "title": "History of El Salvador" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.", "title": "Estonian language" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. From this emerged Napoleon Bonaparte as French ruler, whose armies set out to conquer Europe, including Spain and Portugal in 1808. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil.", "title": "Decolonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 9 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th independent country in Africa and since 14 July 2011, South Sudan is the 193rd member of the United Nations. On 27 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th country to join the African Union.", "title": "South Sudan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1948 and 1972, Ceylon was an independent country in the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and certain other sovereign states. In 1948, the British Colony of Ceylon was granted independence as Ceylon. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth, and its name was changed to Sri Lanka. It was an island country in South Asia, located about 31 kilometres (19.3 mi) off the southern coast of India.", "title": "Dominion of Ceylon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as \"an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot\", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of \"Italian\" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC.", "title": "Trajan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Jones -- Shafroth Act, popularly called the Jones Act, which granted Puerto Ricans, born on or after, April 25, 1898, U.S. citizenship. Opponents, which included all of the Puerto Rican House of Delegates, who voted unanimously against it, said that the U.S. imposed citizenship in order to draft Puerto Rican men into the army as American entry into World War I became likely.", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Panama thus became part of Colombia, then governed under the 1821 Constitution of Cúcuta, and was designated a department with two provinces, Panamá and Veraguas. With the addition of Ecuador to the liberated area, the whole country became known as Gran Colombia. Panama sent a force of 700 men to join Simón Bolívar in Peru, where the Peruvian War of Independence continued.", "title": "History of Panama (1821–1903)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil.", "title": "Decolonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Villamayor de Gállego is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 2,888 inhabitants. Villamayor de Gállego became independent from Zaragoza in 2006.", "title": "Villamayor de Gállego" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly.", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.", "title": "Black people" } ]	When did the country of citizenship of Tony Laureano become independent from Spain?	1898	[]	Title: Sultanate of Lahej Passage: Lahej was sultanate of the 'Abdali dynasty. In 1740 the 'Abdali sultan became independent. It became independent thanks to the fracturing of the Zaidi State in north Yemen. The Sultanate of Lahej became an independent entity, from 1728 to 1839. Title: Tony Laureano Passage: Tony Laureano is a heavy metal drummer originally from Puerto Rico. He has played for a number of metal bands (either as a full band member or a session drummer) including Dimmu Borgir, Nile, Angelcorpse, Malevolent Creation, God Dethroned, Acheron, Aurora Borealis, Belphegor, Nachtmystium, 1349 and Brujeria. Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly.	[ "Tony Laureano", "History of Puerto Rico" ]
4hop3__703974_789671_339205_24137	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Birth house of Anton Chekhov is the place in Taganrog, Russia, where the famous writer Anton Chekhov was born. It is now a writer's house museum. The outbuilding on the territory of a property on Chekhov Street (formerly Kupecheskaya Street, later Alexandrovskaya Street, and renamed in honor of Chekhov in 1904, soon after his death) in Taganrog was built in 1859 of wattle and daub, plastered and whitened. The area taken up by the small outbuilding is 30.5 sq. meters. The house and grounds were owned by the merchant Gnutov in 1860, and by the petit bourgeois Kovalenko in 1880-1915.", "title": "Birth house of Anton Chekhov" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The End of Education is a book by Neil Postman about public education in America. The use of the word \"end\" in the title has two meanings: primarily, as a synonym for \"purpose\", but also as a prediction about the future of public schools if they do not successfully identify and communicate a convincing purpose for their existence within our culture.", "title": "The End of Education" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Respekt is a Czech weekly newsmagazine published in Prague, the Czech Republic, reporting on domestic and foreign political and economic issues, as well as on science and culture.", "title": "Respekt" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Hero Academia is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi. It began its serialization in the manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump in July 2014. As of June 2, 2017 the series been collected into fourteen tankōbon volumes. The series is licensed for English language release in North America by Viz Media, who published the first volume on August 4, 2015. As the series is published in Japan, it is also released simultaneously in English digitally by Viz Media's Weekly Shounen Jump. As of February 7, 2017, 8 volumes have been released.", "title": "My Hero Academia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alan Brownjohn was born in London and educated at Merton College, Oxford. He taught in schools between 1957 and 1965, and lectured at Battersea College of Education and South Bank Polytechnic until 1979, when he became a full-time writer. He participated in Philip Hobsbaum's weekly poetry discussion meetings known as The Group, which also included Peter Porter, Martin Bell, Peter Redgrove, George MacBeth and Edward Lucie-Smith.", "title": "Alan Brownjohn" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a weekly newspaper in 1892 in the United States, before becoming a monthly publication years later.", "title": "Vogue (magazine)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Bet ''Author Anton Chekhov Original title`` Пари'' Country Russia Language Russian Published in Novoye Vremya Publisher Adolf Marks (1901) Publication date 14 January 1889", "title": "The Bet (short story)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879 -- September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term ``birth control '', opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.", "title": "Margaret Sanger" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "David Hillel Gelernter (born March 5, 1955) is an American artist, writer, and professor of computer science at Yale University. He is a former national fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and senior fellow in Jewish thought at the Shalem Center, and sat on the National Endowment for the Arts. He publishes widely; his work has appeared in \"The Wall Street Journal\", \"New York Post\", \"Los Angeles Times\", \"The Weekly Standard\", \"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\", and elsewhere. His paintings have been exhibited in New Haven and Manhattan.", "title": "David Gelernter" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Beacon of Hope was a report issued by the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs in 1963 on the Cold War exchange programs of the United States that brought foreign artists, educators and students to the United States, and sent American artists, educators and students overseas.", "title": "A Beacon of Hope" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miller Lite was essentially the first mainstream light beer. After its first inception as ``Gablinger's Diet Beer, ''developed in 1967 by Joseph L. Owades, PhD, a biochemist working for New York's Rheingold Brewery, the recipe was given by Owades to Chicago's Peter Hand Brewing. That year, Peter Hand Brewing was purchased by a group of investors, renamed Meister Brau Brewing, and Lite was soon introduced as Meister Brau Lite, a companion to their flagship Meister Brau. Under the new management, Meister Brau Brewing encountered significant financial problems, and in 1972, sold several of its existing labels to Miller. The recipe was relaunched simply as`` Lite'' on packaging and in advertising (with ``Lite Beer from Miller ''being its`` official'' name until the late '90s) in the test markets of Springfield, Illinois, Knoxville, Tennessee, and San Diego, California, in 1973, and heavily marketed using masculine pro sports players and other, so - called, macho figures of the day in an effort to sell to the key beer - drinking male demographic. Miller Lite was introduced nationally in 1975. Miller's heavy - advertising approach worked where the two previous light beers had failed, and Miller's early production totals of 12.8 million barrels quickly increased to 24.2 million barrels by 1977 as Miller rose to 2nd place in the American brewing marketplace. Other brewers responded, in particular Anheuser - Busch with its heavily advertised Bud Light in 1982, which eventually overtook Lite in sales by 1994. Anheuser - Busch played on the branding style of ``Lite ''by highlighting the fact that their beer was called`` Bud Light,'' as ``everything else is just a light. ''In 1992, light beers became the biggest domestic beer in America, and in 1998, Miller relabeled its`` Lite'' brand as ``Miller Lite. ''", "title": "Miller Lite" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Peter Anton (born 1963 in New Haven, Connecticut) is an American artist and sculptor. His primary subject matter is food with an emphasis on chocolates and other sweets. Often referred to as \"Candy Warhol,\" Anton creates giant realistic sculptures and is best known for his \"bigger than life\" boxed chocolates.", "title": "Peter Anton" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is classified as a Beta World City, ranking seventh in Latin America and 73rd in the world. Described as a \"vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life\", and \"a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture\", Montevideo ranks 8th in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. By 2014, is also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly major city in the world, first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of a larger metropolitan area, with a population of around 2 million.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Lewyn Bernstein (January 22, 1919 – June 5, 2009) was an American financial historian, economist and educator whose development and refinement of the efficient-market hypothesis made him one of the country's best known authorities in popularizing and presenting investment economics to the general public.", "title": "Peter L. Bernstein" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "America-Lite: How Imperial Academia Dismantled Our Culture (and Ushered in the Obamacrats) is a 2012 book by David Gelernter, published by Encounter Books.", "title": "America-Lite" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diario de América (America's Daily) is a Spanish-language opinion journal about politics, economics, culture and social issues, published in the United States.", "title": "Diario de América" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Current publications in the city include the Ann Arbor Journal (A2 Journal), a weekly community newspaper; the Ann Arbor Observer, a free monthly local magazine; the Ann Arbor Independent, a locally owned, independent weekly; and Current, a free entertainment-focused alt-weekly. The Ann Arbor Business Review covers local business in the area. Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine are also based in Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan is served by many student publications, including the independent Michigan Daily student newspaper, which reports on local, state, and regional issues in addition to campus news.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly \"alternative\" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 1 November 2011, the airline licence of Zambezi Airlines was suspended because of safety issues. Subsequently, the airline was dismantled in 2012.", "title": "Zambezi Airlines" } ]	What weekly publication in Peter Anton's birthplace is issued by the school attended by the author of America-Lite: How Imperial Academia Dismantled Our Culture?	Yale Herald	[]	Title: David Gelernter Passage: David Hillel Gelernter (born March 5, 1955) is an American artist, writer, and professor of computer science at Yale University. He is a former national fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and senior fellow in Jewish thought at the Shalem Center, and sat on the National Endowment for the Arts. He publishes widely; his work has appeared in "The Wall Street Journal", "New York Post", "Los Angeles Times", "The Weekly Standard", "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung", and elsewhere. His paintings have been exhibited in New Haven and Manhattan. Title: America-Lite Passage: America-Lite: How Imperial Academia Dismantled Our Culture (and Ushered in the Obamacrats) is a 2012 book by David Gelernter, published by Encounter Books. Title: Peter Anton Passage: Peter Anton (born 1963 in New Haven, Connecticut) is an American artist and sculptor. His primary subject matter is food with an emphasis on chocolates and other sweets. Often referred to as "Candy Warhol," Anton creates giant realistic sculptures and is best known for his "bigger than life" boxed chocolates. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.	[ "David Gelernter", "Peter Anton", "America-Lite", "New Haven, Connecticut" ]
2hop__23887_4688	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedown (at 22:00) on Saturday 13 February 1937.", "title": "BBC Television" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Socutera (the acronym stands for: Stichting ter bevordering van Sociale en Culturele doeleinden door Televisie en Radio; English: \"Foundation for the promotion of Social and Cultural purposes on Television and Radio\") is a special broadcaster on the Netherlands Public Broadcasting system, which is allowed to broadcast on radio and television because of their spiritual background. Article 2.42 of the Dutch media law (the \"Mediawet\") accommodates faith-based radio and television broadcasters which unlike regular public broadcasters (several of which are also faith-based) do not have to have a minimum number of members.", "title": "Socutera" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom. Twenty years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies.", "title": "Data compression" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 1 October 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, which housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself, now broadcasting on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems, on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system, each making the BBC the world's first regular high-definition television service, broadcasting Monday to Saturday from 15:00 to 16:00 and 21:00 to 22:00.", "title": "BBC Television" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1989 was the selection for the 29th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 28th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 1,223 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The hostess, Yvonne Ryding, was the 1984 Miss Universe. The final was broadcast on SVT1 and was surprisingly not broadcast on radio. The show was watched by 5,328,000 people.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1989" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1962 (known as Eurovisionsschlagern, svensk final) was the selection for the fifth song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the fourth time that this system of picking a song had been used. One singer performed the song with a large orchestra and one with a smaller orchestra. Seven songs were submitted to SVT for the competition, of which one was disqualified. The final was broadcast on Sveriges Radio TV but was not broadcast on radio. Inger Berggren performed \"Sol och vår\" at Eurovision.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1962" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vic Latino (born Victor J. Canales in Long Island, New York) is an American radio and television personality of Spanish descent. He is co-founder of JVC Broadcasting which owns radio stations on Long Island and in the state of Florida.", "title": "Vic Latino" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1979 was the selection for the 19th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 18th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 452 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1979" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1986 was the selection for the 26th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 25th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 90 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 and was not broadcast on radio. No orchestra was used, and instead the ten songs were broadcast as music videos. The five songs that qualified for the second round were performed live to backing track.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1986" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 2001 was the selection for the 41st song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 42nd time that this system of picking a song had been used. 1,567 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on SVT1 and Sveriges Radio's P4 network.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 2001" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1980 was the selection for the 20th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 19th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 120 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1980" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CKKQ-FM, known as 100.3 The Q or The Q, is a broadcast radio station in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. CKKQ broadcasts online and at a frequency of 100.3 MHz on the FM band. The station has broadcast a mainstream rock format since its inception, but has a more classic rock sound since 2001, when sister station CKXM-AM/FM became The Zone @ 91.3 with the CJZN calls and an alternative rock format. It used to have an adult album alternative lean up until Pattison took over the station from OK Radio.", "title": "CKKQ-FM" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1975 was the selection for the 16th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 15th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 10 songwriters were selected by SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1975" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WXNX is a commercial radio station licensed to Sanibel, Florida, broadcasting to the Fort Myers/Naples area on 93.7 FM. WXNX airs an Active Rock and Alternative Rock hybrid radio format similar to Richmond, Virginia's now-defunct \"Y-101\" as a new rock alternative station, since it's a mixed format approach, the format label \"Modern Rock\" is an acceptable status", "title": "WXNX" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1982 was the selection for the 22nd song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 21st time that this system of picking a song had been used. 90 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1982" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1974 was the selection for the 15th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 14th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 10 songwriters were selected by SR for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio. ABBA went on to win that year's Eurovision Song Contest in Brighton, Sweden's first Eurovision win.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1974" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1972 was the selection for the 13th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 12th time that this system of picking a song had been used. Approximately 1000 songs were submitted to Sveriges Radio for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1972" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PBA on KBS was a presentation of Philippine Basketball Association games on Kanlaon Broadcasting System (now the Radio Philippines Network), and was the first broadcaster of the PBA on television.", "title": "PBA on KBS" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "101.8 WCR FM - Wolverhampton Community Radio is a radio station that broadcasts to the city of Wolverhampton, England, on the VHF frequency of 101.8 under an Ofcom - Community Radio licence, from the centre of Wolverhampton. The station aims to be a vibrant and informative station that provides the City with an alternative service.", "title": "WCR FM" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early years of coverage the BBC had exclusive radio coverage with a picture of the pitch marked in the Radio Times with numbered squares to help the listener follow the match on the radio. The first FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926 between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City but this was only broadcast in Manchester, the first national final on BBC Radio was between Arsenal and Cardiff in 1927. The first final on BBC Television was in 1937 in a match which featured Sunderland and Preston North End but this was not televised in full. The following season's final between Preston and Huddersfield was covered in full by the BBC. When ITV was formed in 1955 they shared final coverage with the BBC in one of the only club matches shown live on television, during the 1970s and 1980s coverage became more elaborate with BBC and ITV trying to steal viewers from the others by starting coverage earlier and earlier some starting as early as 9 a.m. which was six hours before kick off. Nowadays, this continues with Setanta and ESPN having all-day broadcasts from Wembley, but terrestrial TV coverage usually begins two hours before kick off. The sharing of rights between BBC and ITV continued from 1955 to 1988, when ITV lost coverage to the new Sports Channel which later became Sky Sports.", "title": "FA Cup" } ]	For how long did the radio match broadcaster alternate different broadcasting systems?	six months	[]	Title: CKKQ-FM Passage: CKKQ-FM, known as 100.3 The Q or The Q, is a broadcast radio station in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. CKKQ broadcasts online and at a frequency of 100.3 MHz on the FM band. The station has broadcast a mainstream rock format since its inception, but has a more classic rock sound since 2001, when sister station CKXM-AM/FM became The Zone @ 91.3 with the CJZN calls and an alternative rock format. It used to have an adult album alternative lean up until Pattison took over the station from OK Radio. Title: BBC Television Passage: The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedown (at 22:00) on Saturday 13 February 1937. Title: FA Cup Passage: In the early years of coverage the BBC had exclusive radio coverage with a picture of the pitch marked in the Radio Times with numbered squares to help the listener follow the match on the radio. The first FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926 between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City but this was only broadcast in Manchester, the first national final on BBC Radio was between Arsenal and Cardiff in 1927. The first final on BBC Television was in 1937 in a match which featured Sunderland and Preston North End but this was not televised in full. The following season's final between Preston and Huddersfield was covered in full by the BBC. When ITV was formed in 1955 they shared final coverage with the BBC in one of the only club matches shown live on television, during the 1970s and 1980s coverage became more elaborate with BBC and ITV trying to steal viewers from the others by starting coverage earlier and earlier some starting as early as 9 a.m. which was six hours before kick off. Nowadays, this continues with Setanta and ESPN having all-day broadcasts from Wembley, but terrestrial TV coverage usually begins two hours before kick off. The sharing of rights between BBC and ITV continued from 1955 to 1988, when ITV lost coverage to the new Sports Channel which later became Sky Sports.	[ "BBC Television", "FA Cup" ]
2hop__607035_500443	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Half - siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half - brothers / half - sisters), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half - brothers / half - sisters. In law, the term consanguine is used in place of agnate). They share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related.", "title": "Sibling" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Downtown\" is the first single from Neil Young's twenty-third studio album, \"Mirror Ball\". The song was recorded with the members of American rock band Pearl Jam. The song was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 1996 Grammy Awards.", "title": "Downtown (Neil Young song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Golden Bear closed because of the costs involved in retrofitting the brick building for seismic compliance and the redevelopment of downtown Huntington Beach. The last performance was on January 29, 1986 by Robin Trower.", "title": "Golden Bear (nightclub)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Houston Theater District, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States. Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera), ballet (Houston Ballet), music (Houston Symphony Orchestra), and theater (The Alley Theatre). Houston is also home to folk artists, art groups and various small progressive arts organizations. Houston attracts many touring Broadway acts, concerts, shows, and exhibitions for a variety of interests. Facilities in the Theater District include the Jones Hall—home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and Society for the Performing Arts—and the Hobby Center for the Performing Arts.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Legendary Siblings is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Gu Long's novel \"Juedai Shuangjiao\". The series was directed by Lee Kwok-lap and starred Jimmy Lin and Alec Su in the leading roles. It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1999 and was followed by \"The Legendary Siblings 2\" in 2002.", "title": "The Legendary Siblings" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several performing arts groups and facilities are on the University of Michigan's campus, as are museums dedicated to art, archaeology, and natural history and sciences. Founded in 1879, the University Musical Society is an independent performing arts organization that presents over 60 events each year, bringing international artists in music, dance, and theater. Since 2001 Shakespeare in the Arb has presented one play by Shakespeare each June, in a large park near downtown. Regional and local performing arts groups not associated with the university include the Ann Arbor Civic Theatre, the Arbor Opera Theater, the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra, the Ann Arbor Ballet Theater, the Ann Arbor Civic Ballet (established in 1954 as Michigan's first chartered ballet company), The Ark, and Performance Network Theatre. Another unique piece of artistic expression in Ann Arbor is the fairy doors. These small portals are examples of installation art and can be found throughout the downtown area.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jackson family is an American family of singers who originated in Gary, Indiana. Performing as members of The Jackson 5 and as solo artists, the children of Joseph Walter and Katherine Esther Jackson were very successful in the field of popular music from the late 1960s onwards. As a group, the eldest sons Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, Michael, and later with the inclusion of Randy made the family's reputation, facilitating the subsequent success of siblings Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet. The Jackson 5 became known as the ``First Family of Soul ''(a title first held by the Five Stairsteps). The continued success of Michael and Janet's careers as solo artists led the Jacksons to become known as the`` Royal Family of Pop''. All nine of the Jackson siblings have gold records to their credits with La Toya holding the distinction of being the first Jackson sister to attain one (awarded by France's SNEP for ``Reggae Night '', a song she co-wrote for Jimmy Cliff).", "title": "Jackson family" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Out Here on My Own ''is a ballad from the 1980 musical film Fame, performed by Irene Cara. It was written by sibling songwriting duo Lesley Gore (lyricist) and Michael Gore (composer). The song was produced by Michael Gore, and published by MGM BMI / Variety ASCAP. Cara performed the song at the 1981 Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The song was released on the soundtrack to the 1980 film Fame, which also contains an instrumental version of the track.", "title": "Out Here on My Own" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George William Weidler was one of six children born to the architect Alfred Weidler (1886–1966) and opera singer Margarete Therese Louisa (née Radon). The first four siblings (Waldtraud, Verena, Werther, and Wolfgang) were born in Germany. The eldest sibling, Waldtraud (later known as Sylvia) and the youngest sibling, Virginia, were both child film actresses. And one of his three brothers, Warner (born Werner Alfred Weidler), was a composer.", "title": "George William Weidler" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is one of few American radio stations to feature almost daily live musical performances. The WDVX Blue Plate Special is a lunch-time concert at the Knoxville Visitor's Center on the city's main downtown shopping street. The Knoxville Tourism Alliance recognized the Blue Plate Special as the Attraction of the Year at its annual awards luncheon in 2006.", "title": "WDVX" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Glenn & Viola Walters Cultural Arts Center is a multi-use arts and performance venue in downtown Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Opened in 2004, it is housed in a red-colored stone building completed in 1949 as a Lutheran church. Hillsboro, a city on the west side of Portland, owns the three-level facility and operates it through their Parks and Recreation Department.", "title": "Glenn & Viola Walters Cultural Arts Center" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Downtown Yonge is a retail and entertainment district centred on Yonge Street in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Downtown Yonge district is bounded by Richmond Street to the south; Grosvenor and Alexander Streets to the north; Bay Street to the west; and portions of Church Street, Victoria Street, and Bond Street to the east. All property owners and commercial tenants within these boundaries are members of the \"Downtown Yonge Business Improvement Area\" association, founded in 2001.", "title": "Downtown Yonge" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marga Faulstich was born in Weimar in 1915. She had two siblings. In 1922, the family moved to Jena, where Faulstich attended secondary school. After graduating from high school in 1935, she began training as a graduate assistant at Schott AG, one of the leading manufacturers of optical and technical specialty glasses in Europe. In her early years there, she worked on the development of thin films. The findings from the basic research performed then are still used in the manufacture of sunglasses, anti-reflective lenses, and glass facades.", "title": "Marga Faulstich" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences.", "title": "Scott Young (writer)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edgar Oliver (born October 31, 1956) is an American stage and film actor, poet, performance artist and playwright. He is considered a \"legend\" of the downtown New York theater scene and is known for his distinctive accent and diction.", "title": "Edgar Oliver" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum () is a natural history and science museum in downtown Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 225 Frontenac Street in downtown Sherbrooke.", "title": "Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keith-Albee is a theatre located along Fourth Avenue in downtown Huntington, West Virginia in the United States of America. The Keith-Albee was named after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Corporation, one of the leading vaudeville performance chains at that time, to convince the directors of Keith-Albee-Orpheum to make the Keith-Albee a regular stop. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Downtown Huntington Historic District, and is currently being restored as a performing arts center.", "title": "Keith-Albee Theatre" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Psycho Realm is an American hip hop group started in 1989 by brothers Sick Jacken (Joaquín Gonzalez) and Big Duke (Gustavo Gonzalez) from the Downtown, Pico-Union area of Los Angeles. The first recorded Psycho Realm song, \"Scandalous,\" was released on the soundtrack of the film, \"Mi Vida Loca\", in 1994. That same year B-Real of the rap group Cypress Hill saw Psycho Realm performing at Olvera Street for an End Barrio Warfare concert. Their performance inspired B-Real to the point that he wanted to join the group.", "title": "Psycho Realm" } ]	Who is the sibling of the Downtown performer?	Astrid Young	[]	Title: Scott Young (writer) Passage: Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences. Title: Downtown (Neil Young song) Passage: "Downtown" is the first single from Neil Young's twenty-third studio album, "Mirror Ball". The song was recorded with the members of American rock band Pearl Jam. The song was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 1996 Grammy Awards. Title: Out Here on My Own Passage: ``Out Here on My Own ''is a ballad from the 1980 musical film Fame, performed by Irene Cara. It was written by sibling songwriting duo Lesley Gore (lyricist) and Michael Gore (composer). The song was produced by Michael Gore, and published by MGM BMI / Variety ASCAP. Cara performed the song at the 1981 Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The song was released on the soundtrack to the 1980 film Fame, which also contains an instrumental version of the track.	[ "Downtown (Neil Young song)", "Scott Young (writer)" ]
2hop__581137_10690	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Archer Point () is a rocky headland on the coast marking the west side of Harald Bay, Antarctica. It was discovered in February 1911 by Lieutenant H.L.L. Pennell, Royal Navy, in the Terra Nova, expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Robert Falcon Scott, and named after W.W. Archer, chief steward of the expedition.", "title": "Archer Point" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Liotard () is a mountain having a conspicuous ice-covered peak, high, standing midway between Mount Gaudry and Mount Ditte in the south part of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was discovered and first surveyed by the Fourth French Antarctic Expedition in 1909. It was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Andre F. Liotard, a French observer with the FIDS in 1947–48 and the leader of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1949–51.", "title": "Mount Liotard" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Northcliffe Glacier () is a glacier descending to the coast immediately east of Davis Peninsula, in Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911–14, under Mawson, and named for Lord Northcliffe, of London, a patron of the expedition.", "title": "Northcliffe Glacier" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liouville Point () is a point marking the northeast end of Petermann Island, in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for J. Liouville, assistant medical officer and zoologist of the expedition.", "title": "Liouville Point" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cape Kaiser () is the north end of Lecointe Island, lying just east of Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, and named by him for a supporter of the expedition.", "title": "Cape Kaiser" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melba Peninsula is a broad, ice-covered peninsula between Reid Glacier and the Bay of Winds, fronting on Shackleton Ice Shelf, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14, who named it for Dame Nellie Melba of Melbourne, a patron of the expedition.", "title": "Melba Peninsula" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glandaz Point () is a point forming the south side of the entrance to Deloncle Bay in Kiev Peninsula, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and was named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for A. Glandaz.", "title": "Glandaz Point" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "School prayer, in the context of religious liberty, is state - sanctioned or mandatory prayer by students in public schools. Depending on the country and the type of school, state - sponsored prayer may be required, permitted, or prohibited. Countries which prohibit or limit school prayer often differ in their reasons for doing so: In the United States, school prayer can not be required of students in accordance with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In Canada, school - sponsored prayer is disallowed under the concept of Freedom of conscience as outlined in the Canadian Charter on Rights & Fundamental Freedoms. School - sponsored prayer is disallowed in France as a byproduct of its status as a laïcist (religiously neutral) nation. Countries that allow or require school and other state - sponsored prayer include Greece, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Australia, Italy and the United Kingdom.", "title": "School prayer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gould Peak () is a peak standing north of Tennant Peak in the southern group of the Rockefeller Mountains, on Edward VII Peninsula in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition in 1929, and named by Richard E. Byrd for Charles (\"Chips\") Gould, a carpenter on the expedition.", "title": "Gould Peak" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Longhurst () is a prominent mountain, high, standing west of Mill Mountain and forming the highest point of Festive Plateau in the Cook Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) and named for Cyril Longhurst, secretary of the expedition.", "title": "Mount Longhurst" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Radio Hill () is a hill rising to 50 m, standing 0.4 nautical miles (0.7 km) southwest of Mabus Point on the coast of Antarctica. Discovered and first mapped by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911-14. Remapped and named by the Soviet expedition of 1956.", "title": "Radio Hill" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition had seen the whole eastern and northern surroundings of the mountain. In searching for the easiest route, George Mallory, who was also a participant of the 1924 expedition (and the only person on all three expeditions in 1921, 1922 and 1924), had discovered a route which, according to his opinion, would allow an attempt on the summit.", "title": "1922 British Mount Everest expedition" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manoury Island is an island lying south of Gand Island at the north end of Schollaert Channel, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for G. Manoury, secretary of the expedition.", "title": "Manoury Island" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balchen Glacier () is a crevassed glacier in Antarctica, flowing west to Block Bay between the Phillips Mountains and the Fosdick Mountains in Marie Byrd Land. It was discovered on December 5, 1929, by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition and named by Richard E. Byrd for Bernt Balchen, chief pilot of the expedition.", "title": "Balchen Glacier" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cape Lancaster () is a cape forming the southern extremity of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74. The cape was later sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, who named it for Albert Lancaster, Scientific Director of the Meteorological Service of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and a supporter of the expedition.", "title": "Cape Lancaster" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Onze Estrelas Boa Vista or Onze Estrelas Clube de Bofareira (Portuguese meaning \"Eleven Stars\") is a football (soccer) club that currently plays in the Campeonato Nacional de Cabo Verde and in the Boa Vista Island League in Cape Verde. It is based on the island of Boa Vista and plays in the stadium with a capacity of 1,000 though the village they play is for Bofareira. Its current manager is Tó Monteiro.", "title": "Onze Estrelas Boa Vista" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rosenthal Islands are a group of islands fringing the west coast of Anvers Island, north of Cape Monaco, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The largest of them is Gerlache Island. Discovered by the German expedition 1873-74, under Dallmann, and named by him for Albert Rosenthal, Director of the Society for Polar Navigation who, with the society, sponsored the expedition.", "title": "Rosenthal Islands" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gorev Island () is a small island lying between Buromskiy Island and Poryadin Island in the Haswell Islands, Antarctica. It was discovered and mapped by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14. It was remapped by the Soviet expedition of 1956, and named by them for Demetri Gorev, a member of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Robert Falcon Scott.", "title": "Gorev Island" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bofarreira is a village in the northern part of the island of Boa Vista in the Cape Verde archipelago. The village is around 10 km east of the island capital of Sal Rei.", "title": "Bofarreira" } ]	Who sponsored the expedition that discovered the country encompassing Bofareira?	Prince Henry the Navigator	[]	Title: Middle Ages Passage: In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island. Title: Balchen Glacier Passage: Balchen Glacier () is a crevassed glacier in Antarctica, flowing west to Block Bay between the Phillips Mountains and the Fosdick Mountains in Marie Byrd Land. It was discovered on December 5, 1929, by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition and named by Richard E. Byrd for Bernt Balchen, chief pilot of the expedition. Title: Bofarreira Passage: Bofarreira is a village in the northern part of the island of Boa Vista in the Cape Verde archipelago. The village is around 10 km east of the island capital of Sal Rei.	[ "Middle Ages", "Bofarreira" ]
2hop__107332_3836	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kebu Omar Stewart (born December 19, 1973) is an American retired basketball player. He played in the NBA and had a rich international career, playing in several countries.", "title": "Kebu Stewart" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch (also known simply as Lilo & Stitch 2 on its title card) is a 2005 American direct - to - video animated science fiction comedy - drama film produced by the Australian office of DisneyToon Studios. The film takes place between the events of the 2002 Walt Disney Animation Studios feature film Lilo & Stitch and the 2003 direct - to - video film Stitch! The Movie. This was also the final time that Jason Scott Lee voiced David Kawena, and the only film in which Daveigh Chase did not voice Lilo, being replaced by Dakota Fanning.", "title": "Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since then, tourism in Nepal has thrived; it is the country's most important industry.[citation needed] Tourism is a major source of income for most of the people in the city, with several hundred thousand visitors annually. Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world visit Kathmandu's religious sites such as Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath and Budhanilkantha. From a mere 6,179 tourists in 1961/62, the number jumped to 491,504 in 1999/2000. Following the end of the Maoist insurgency, there was a significant rise of 509,956 tourist arrivals in 2009. Since then, tourism has improved as the country turned into a Democratic Republic. In economic terms, the foreign exchange registered 3.8% of the GDP in 1995/96 but then started declining[why?]. The high level of tourism is attributed to the natural grandeur of the Himalayas and the rich cultural heritage of the country.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thorpdale is a small country town in the Gippsland area of eastern Victoria, Australia, less than 20 km south of Trafalgar. Famous for its potatoes, it is located amongst the rich farmland of the Latrobe Valley. Thorpdale spuds are eaten around the country and also exported overseas. The name \"Thorpdale\" means \"village in a valley\". The soil in the area is particularly rich as the town is located in a former volcanic crater. It is administered by the Shire of Baw Baw. At the , Thorpdale and the surrounding area had a population of 447.", "title": "Thorpdale, Victoria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Lilo & Stitch: The Series (2003 -- 06), Stitch and Lilo have to capture Jumba's other experiments, turn them from evil to good, and find them a home. Along the way, he meets his match: Experiment 627 who is tougher than him, but whom Stitch eventually defeats with greater intelligence. He also is affected by 15 experiment powers: Amnesio wipes out his memory, being poked by Spike's spine makes him goofy, Babyfier turns him into a baby, Spooky turns into water and nearly drowns him, Lax makes him lazy, Dupe duplicates him into four (weakening his strength), Frenchfry serves him unhealthy junk food meals (along with Lilo and Pleakley) and fattens him up into a giant bowling ball, Yaarp sounds out his loud megaphone (deafening him), Snooty sucks out his mucus (effectively dehydrating him), Swirly hypnotizes him, Drowsy (in the episode ``PJ '') puts him to sleep, Houdini makes him invisible, Swapper switches him into Lilo's and then Pleakley's bodies, Bugby turns him into a bug, and Slushy freezes him. However, the powers wear off. He also meets Angel (Experiment 624) who is introduced as a love interest for Stitch (evil at first, she becomes good out of love for Stitch).", "title": "Stitch (Disney)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Suraż, which has a long and rich history, and was a royal town in the Kingdom of Poland, currently is one of the smallest municipalities of the country, with a population of only 1012 (as of June 30, 2012).", "title": "Suraż" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nani Pelekai First appearance Lilo & Stitch (2002) Created by Chris Sanders Voiced by Tia Carrere Vanessa Marshall (Lilo & Stitch: Trouble in Paradise) Grey DeLisle (Toddler) Voiced by (Japanese) Tomoko Tabata Occupation Former luau waitress (Lilo & Stitch) Surfboard rental shack clerk (sequel films, Lilo & Stitch: The Series)", "title": "List of Lilo & Stitch characters" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Riches and Stitches is a Hong Kong period drama produced by TVB starring Moses Chan, Kwong Wah, Anne Heung, Gigi Lai, and Melissa Ng. It was filmed in 2003, and then released overseas in December 2003. Then it was aired on TVB Pay Vision's TVB Drama channel from 27 June to 5 August 2005. However, it has yet to be aired on TVB Jade.", "title": "Riches and Stitches" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilo & Stitch: The Series (or simply known as Lilo & Stitch on its title card) is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It premiered on September 20, 2003 on ABC as part of ABC Kids, with a delayed premiere on Disney Channel on October 12, 2003. The series ended on July 29, 2006 after airing 65 episodes in two seasons. A sequel spin - off of the 2002 feature film with the same name, and the follow - up to the August 2003 direct - to - video pilot Stitch! The Movie, it was the first of three television series produced in the Lilo & Stitch franchise, although it's the only one to maintain the same setting as the original film. It was aired on Disney Channel worldwide, but has only been released on DVD in full in Japan, in four box sets. On March 11, 2018, the series returned on Disney XD.", "title": "Lilo & Stitch: The Series" } ]	When did the torch arrive in the country where Riches and Stitches was made?	May 2	[]	Title: Riches and Stitches Passage: Riches and Stitches is a Hong Kong period drama produced by TVB starring Moses Chan, Kwong Wah, Anne Heung, Gigi Lai, and Melissa Ng. It was filmed in 2003, and then released overseas in December 2003. Then it was aired on TVB Pay Vision's TVB Drama channel from 27 June to 5 August 2005. However, it has yet to be aired on TVB Jade. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that "hostile forces" may try to disrupt the torch relay.	[ "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "Riches and Stitches" ]
2hop__608661_160851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mexico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924. Mexico has also participated in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928, though has never medaled in the Winter Olympics.", "title": "Mexico at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France was the host of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. France was one of many nations that had competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Greece and had returned to compete at the 1900 Games.", "title": "France at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Afghanistan first competed at the Summer Olympic Games at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In all, they sent 19 competitors, but only 13 competed.", "title": "Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kateřina Pivoňková (born May 6, 1979 in Vlašim, Středočeský) is a retired female backstroke swimmer from the Czech Republic, who twice competed for her native country at the Olympic Games: in 1996 and 2004.", "title": "Kateřina Pivoňková" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rosalie River is a river in Dominica. It rises on the eastern slopes of Morne Trois Pitons, flowing east to reach the Atlantic Ocean on the country's eastern coast, close to the town of Rosalie.", "title": "Rosalie River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey is a sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. A men's ice hockey tournament has been held every Winter Olympics (starting in 1924); an ice hockey tournament was also held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. From 1920 to 1968, the Olympics also acted as the Ice Hockey World Championships, and the two events occurred concurrently. From 1920 until 1984, only amateur athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament, and players from the National Hockey League (NHL) were not allowed to compete. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state - sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. In 1970, after a disagreement over the definition of amateur players, Canada withdrew from the tournament and did not send a team to the 1972 or 1976 Winter Olympics. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympics, and starting in 1998, the NHL allowed its players to participate. Women's ice hockey was added in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Both events have been held at every Olympic Games since.", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in ice hockey" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games.", "title": "Dominica at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olga Šplíchalová (born September 1, 1975 in Třebíč, Vysočina) is a retired female freestyle swimmer from the Czech Republic, who twice competed for her native country at the Olympic Games: in 1992 and 1996.", "title": "Olga Šplíchalová" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guatemala competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. 21 competitors, 20 men and 1 woman, took part in 26 events in 6 sports.", "title": "Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in Wembley Park, London, England. 79 competitors, all men, took part in 39 events in 10 sports. It was the first time that India competed as an independent nation at the Olympic Games.", "title": "India at the 1948 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania competed at the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Five competitors, four men and one woman, took part in three events in two sports.", "title": "Albania at the 1972 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then. Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Slovak athletes competed for Czechoslovakia at the Olympics.", "title": "Slovakia at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He twice won the gold medal in the men's 5.000 metres at the Central American and Caribbean Games, and competed for his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.", "title": "Pablo Olmedo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Latvia won their first summer Olympic gold medal at these games. 45 competitors, 30 men and 15 women, took part in 47 events in 13 sports.", "title": "Latvia at the 2000 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Szmidt competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and was supposed to represent his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics, but didn't start due to the international boycott of the Moscow Games. A resident of Sarnia, Ontario he won a total number of three medals at the 1979 Pan American Games.", "title": "Peter Szmidt" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "310 athletes from 54 nations participated, with number of athletes in parentheses. Chile made its Olympic debut in the sport. Dominica, qualified for the Winter Olympics for the first time, and its two athletes competed in cross-country skiing. India's athlete was planned to compete as an Independent Olympic Participants, as the Indian Olympic Association was suspended by the International Olympic Committee, but the suspension had since been lifted.", "title": "Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.", "title": "Dominican Republic at the 1964 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guyana competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. They won their first, and only Olympic medal to date during these games. Eight competitors, seven men and one woman, took part in ten events in three sports.", "title": "Guyana at the 1980 Summer Olympics" } ]	When did the country that contains the Rosalie River first compete in the Olympics?	1996	[]	Title: Rosalie River Passage: The Rosalie River is a river in Dominica. It rises on the eastern slopes of Morne Trois Pitons, flowing east to reach the Atlantic Ocean on the country's eastern coast, close to the town of Rosalie. Title: Dominica at the Olympics Passage: Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games. Title: Mexico at the Olympics Passage: Mexico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924. Mexico has also participated in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928, though has never medaled in the Winter Olympics.	[ "Rosalie River", "Dominica at the Olympics" ]
2hop__129906_62851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bailey is an unincorporated community in Big Lake Township, Sherburne County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located between Big Lake and Elk River near the junction of Sherburne County Roads 14 and 15, and U.S. Highway 10.", "title": "Bailey, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elk Lick Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,293 at the 2000 census. Mount Davis, the highest point in Pennsylvania, is located within the township.", "title": "Elk Lick Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Maryland v. West Virginia Supreme Court of the United States Argued November 2 -- 4, 1909 Decided February 21, 1910 Full case name State of Maryland v. State of West Virginia Citations 217 U.S. 1 (more) 30 S. Ct. 268; 54 L. Ed. 645; 1910 U.S. LEXIS 1942 Subsequent history Maryland v. West Virginia, 225 U.S. 1 (1912) Holding West Virginia's border extends to the low - water mark on the south bank of the Potomac River; Boundary disputes should be adjusted according to prescription and equity to least disturb private rights and titles Court membership Chief Justice Melville Fuller Associate Justices John M. Harlan David J. Brewer Edward D. White Rufus W. Peckham Joseph McKenna Oliver W. Holmes, Jr. William R. Day William H. Moody Case opinions Majority Day, joined by unanimous", "title": "Maryland v. West Virginia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. Named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District.", "title": "Washington, D.C." }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed.", "title": "List of counties in Maine" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virginia House of Burgesses reconvened in early May 1765 after news was received of the passage of the Act. By the end of May, it appeared that they would not consider the tax, and many legislators went home, including George Washington. Only 30 out of 116 Burgesses remained, but one of those remaining was Patrick Henry who was attending his first session. Henry led the opposition to the Stamp Act; he proposed his resolutions on 30 May 1765, and they were passed in the form of the Virginia Resolves. The Resolves stated:", "title": "Stamp Act 1765" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Lázaro Cárdenas passed the 1934 Agrarian Code and accelerated the pace of land reform. He helped redistribute 45,000,000 acres (180,000 km) of land, 4,000,000 acres (16,000 km) of which were expropriated from American owned agricultural property. This caused conflict between Mexico and the United States. Cárdenas employed tactics of noncompliance and deception to gain leverage in this international dispute.", "title": "Land reform in Mexico" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Falling Rock is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Falling Rock is located at the confluence of Falling Rock Creek with the Elk River southwest of Clendenin along US Route 19. Falling Rock has a post office with ZIP code 25079.", "title": "Falling Rock, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virginia House of Burgesses reconvened in early May 1765 after news was received of the passage of the Act. By the end of May, it appeared that they would not consider the tax, and many legislators went home, including George Washington. Only 30 out of 116 Burgesses remained, but one of those remaining was Patrick Henry who was attending his first session. Henry led the opposition to the Stamp Act; he proposed his resolutions on May 30, 1765, and they were passed in the form of the Virginia Resolves. The Resolves stated:", "title": "Stamp Act 1765" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Elk City, Oklahoma, Broadwater graduated from Paden City High School in West Virginia and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from West Virginia University in 1972 and a Juris Doctor from West Virginia University College of Law in 1977. He was also a Lieutenant in the United States Army from 1972 to 1982. He was in private practice in Wheeling, West Virginia from 1977 to 1983. He was a Hearing examiner for the West Virginia Worker's Compensation Fund from 1978 to 1981. He was a Special prosecuting attorney of Ohio County, West Virginia from 1982 to 1983, and then became a circuit court judge for the First Judicial Circuit of West Virginia, from 1983 to 1996.", "title": "W. Craig Broadwater" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Landes is an unincorporated community in Grant County, West Virginia, United States. Landes is located on U.S. Route 220 south-southwest of Petersburg.", "title": "Landes, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elk Falls is a city in Elk County, Kansas, United States, along the Elk River. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 107.", "title": "Elk Falls, Kansas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shawneehaw Creek is a stream in the North Carolina High Country and is named after a Cherokee word for a tree that blooms early in the Spring, the current name for the tree is Serviceberry, or sarvisberry, and is located in the town of Banner Elk. The headwaters begin from the Southeastern slopes of Beech Mountain in Watauga County, North Carolina and end at the Elk River in Avery County, North Carolina.The tree extend from North Carolina to Louisiana and Florida, and to 6000 feet.", "title": "Shawneehaw Creek" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monterey Trail High School (MTHS or MT) is a 9th-12th grade college preparatory high school located in Elk Grove, California. The school was established in the first decade of the 21st century as part of the Elk Grove Unified School District.", "title": "Monterey Trail High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Virginia High School is a high school located in Bristol, Virginia. In 1999, Virginia High started offering the Tri-Cities area's first International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. Classes from the Advanced Placement program are also offered to help students who are headed to college. A vocational wing was added to the main school building to help students who wish to go into a trade straight from high school. Courses offered for this path include: culinary arts, computer networking and repair, cosmetology, and criminal justice.", "title": "Virginia High School (Virginia)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elk Grove Village is a village located in northeastern Illinois adjacent to O'Hare International Airport and is a near northwest suburb, touching the city of Chicago. It is one of the Chicago metropolitan area's principal villages due to its large industrial park, located on the eastern border of the village. The village is located primarily in Cook County with a small portion in DuPage County. The population was 33,127 at the 2010 census. As the name suggests, Elk Grove Village is home to a small herd of elk kept in a grove at the eastern edge of the Busse Woods forest preserve for which the grove is named. Elk are not native to the area but were brought by train from Montana by an early resident, William Busse, in the 1920s. The elk are currently maintained by the Chicago Zoological Society veterinary staff and the Busse Woods Forest Preserve wildlife biologists.", "title": "Elk Grove Village, Illinois" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This \"subset\" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a \"state of peace\" as desirable. As evidence, Baron outlines that since the Cuban missile crisis (1962) during the Cold War, these influential Western nations have resolved all disputes among the great powers peacefully at the United Nations and other forums of international discussion.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Elk Landing is the name of a historic home located at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. The house at Elk Landing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.", "title": "Elk Landing" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kellogg–Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris, officially General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve \"disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them\". Parties failing to abide by this promise \"should be denied of the benefits furnished by [the] treaty\". It was signed by Germany, France, and the United States on 27 August 1928, and by most other states soon after. Sponsored by France and the U.S., the Pact renounced the use of war and calls for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Similar provisions were incorporated into the Charter of the United Nations and other treaties and it became a stepping-stone to a more activist American policy. It is named after its authors, United States Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand. The pact was concluded outside the League of Nations and remains in effect.", "title": "Kellogg–Briand Pact" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.", "title": "Geography of the United States" } ]	Who helped resolve the dispute between Virginia and the state where Elk Landing is?	William R. Day	[]	Title: Elk Landing Passage: Elk Landing is the name of a historic home located at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. The house at Elk Landing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Title: Maryland v. West Virginia Passage: Maryland v. West Virginia Supreme Court of the United States Argued November 2 -- 4, 1909 Decided February 21, 1910 Full case name State of Maryland v. State of West Virginia Citations 217 U.S. 1 (more) 30 S. Ct. 268; 54 L. Ed. 645; 1910 U.S. LEXIS 1942 Subsequent history Maryland v. West Virginia, 225 U.S. 1 (1912) Holding West Virginia's border extends to the low - water mark on the south bank of the Potomac River; Boundary disputes should be adjusted according to prescription and equity to least disturb private rights and titles Court membership Chief Justice Melville Fuller Associate Justices John M. Harlan David J. Brewer Edward D. White Rufus W. Peckham Joseph McKenna Oliver W. Holmes, Jr. William R. Day William H. Moody Case opinions Majority Day, joined by unanimous Title: List of counties in Maine Passage: This is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed.	[ "Maryland v. West Virginia", "Elk Landing" ]
2hop__129333_52453	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International MaxxPro MRAP (Mine Resistant Ambush Protected) vehicle is an armored fighting vehicle designed by American company Navistar International's subsidiary Navistar Defense along with the Israeli Plasan Sasa, who designed and manufactures the vehicle's armor. The vehicle was designed to take part in the US Military's Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle program, led by the US Marine Corps, as well as a similar US Army-led Medium Mine Protected Vehicle program.", "title": "International MaxxPro" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ochopee is an unincorporated community in Collier County, Florida, United States. It is located to the east of the intersection of US 41 and State Road 29, near Carnestown. The community is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Ochopee, Florida" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Savoonga Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) south of the central business district of Savoonga, a city in the Nome Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. Savoonga is located on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea.", "title": "Savoonga Airport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Virgin Islands (USVI; also called the American Virgin Islands), officially the Virgin Islands of the United States, is a group of islands in the Caribbean and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.", "title": "United States Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "KPHI (1130 AM) is a radio station located in Honolulu, Hawaii. The station, which is owned by Hochman-McCain Hawaii and offers a Hawaiian Oldies/Classic Hits format, and debuted between 2018-2019. In addition to broadcasting at 1130 kHz, it is also transmitting on Oceanic Time Warner Cable digital channel 882 for the entire state of Hawaii. Its studios are located in Downtown Honolulu, and its transmitter is located near Mililani, Hawaii.", "title": "KPHI" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nomans Land Island Wildlife Refuge is a United States National Wildlife Refuge located on Nomans Land, a island off the coast of Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. It is part of the town of Chilmark, in Dukes County. The Island is long east to west, and about north to south. Nomans Land Island was used for aerial gunnery by the U.S. Navy from 1942 to 1996. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has managed an \"overlay\" refuge on the Eastern third of the Island under a Joint Management Agreement between the Department of the Interior and Department of the Navy since 1975. Following an extensive surface clearance of ordnance in 1997 and 1998, the Island was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to become Nomans Land Island National Wildlife Refuge. It was established \" . . . for use as an inviolate sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds\" under the Migratory Bird Conservation Act.", "title": "Nomans Land Island National Wildlife Refuge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grand Tower Island is a river island in the Mississippi River in the midwestern United States, within the state of Missouri on its border with the state of Illinois. Formed within recorded history by the movement of the river, it consists of a bulge-shaped piece of land between the river's primary channel and an oxbow lake. Land on the island is generally valuable for farming, especially when protected from flooding, while the lake has developed a reputation as a valuable sport-fishing location.", "title": "Grand Tower Island" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means, ``satyagraha ''. Protestors would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1st August, 1920.", "title": "Non-cooperation movement" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibney Beach is a stretch of white sandy beach located on Hawksnest Bay on St John Island in the United States Virgin Islands. There is vibrant wildlife both on the beach and in the bay. The colonial history, the natives, the beatnik and hippie movements, and the locals of the island come together to form the original, bohemian character of the beach.", "title": "Gibney Beach" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the island has a land area of 59,558 square meters, or 14.717 acres, which is the property of the federal government. Liberty Island is located in the Upper New York Bay within the waters of Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey. It is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. The historical developments which led to this construction created the rare situation of an exclave of one state, New York, being situated in another, New Jersey.", "title": "Liberty Island" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Island City is an unincorporated community located in Owsley County, Kentucky, United States. Island City is located at the junction of KY 1503 and KY 1350.", "title": "Island City, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or ``Ahimsa ''. Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920.", "title": "Non-cooperation movement" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan.", "title": "Two Thousand Acres of Sky" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turtle Island is a island in the western portion of Lake Erie in the United States. The island has an unusual political status, as its jurisdiction is divided between the U.S. states of Michigan and Ohio, even though the island has no residents or current use. Turtle Island is located about northeast of the mouth of the Maumee River in Maumee Bay. Today, the island houses several abandoned structures and the ruins of Turtle Island Light, a lighthouse dating back to 1866. According to the Census Bureau, most of the island lies in Jerusalem Township in Lucas County, Ohio with the smaller Michigan portion being part of Erie Township.", "title": "Turtle Island (Lake Erie)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began on January 17, 1893, with a coup d'état against Queen Liliuokalani on the island of Oahu by foreign residents residing in Honolulu, mostly United States citizens, and subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevens to call in the U.S. Marines to protect American interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The revolutionaries established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which finally occurred in 1898.", "title": "Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas) is one of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea and, together with Saint John, Water Island and Saint Croix, a former Danish colony, form a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Located on the island is the territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634 about 48.5% of the US Virgin Islands total. The district has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km).", "title": "Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bearing Island (or also Direction Island) is a small antarctic island lying midway between Nansen Island and Enterprise Island in Wilhelmina Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land. Bearing Island is located at (). The name Bearing or Direction Island was used for this feature by whalers in the area because the island and a rock patch on Nansen Island were used as leading marks when entering Foyn Harbor from the southeast.", "title": "Bearing Island" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handicraft Guild was an organization central to Arts and Crafts movement active in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, from 1904 to 1918. The Handicraft guild was founded, led, and staffed primarily by women, making it historically significant to women's art movements nationwide.", "title": "Handicraft Guild" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Weepecket Islands are a group of three islands which are part of the Elizabeth Islands of Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States. They are located off the north shore of Naushon Island, the largest of the Elizabeth Islands. Together the three Weepeckets have a land area of 0.051 km (0.02 sq mi, or 12.6 acres). The islands were used as practice target for bombs, rockets, and machine guns from 1941 to 1957. There are no signs on the islands anymore due to a bonfire in the summer of 2005.", "title": "Weepecket Islands" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckhorn Island State Park is an state park located in Erie County, New York in the Town of Grand Island. The park is on the northern end of the island of Grand Island.", "title": "Buckhorn Island State Park" } ]	Who led the movement to take control of the island where KPHI broadcasts?	John L. Stevens	[]	Title: Gibney Beach Passage: Gibney Beach is a stretch of white sandy beach located on Hawksnest Bay on St John Island in the United States Virgin Islands. There is vibrant wildlife both on the beach and in the bay. The colonial history, the natives, the beatnik and hippie movements, and the locals of the island come together to form the original, bohemian character of the beach. Title: KPHI Passage: KPHI (1130 AM) is a radio station located in Honolulu, Hawaii. The station, which is owned by Hochman-McCain Hawaii and offers a Hawaiian Oldies/Classic Hits format, and debuted between 2018-2019. In addition to broadcasting at 1130 kHz, it is also transmitting on Oceanic Time Warner Cable digital channel 882 for the entire state of Hawaii. Its studios are located in Downtown Honolulu, and its transmitter is located near Mililani, Hawaii. Title: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Passage: The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began on January 17, 1893, with a coup d'état against Queen Liliuokalani on the island of Oahu by foreign residents residing in Honolulu, mostly United States citizens, and subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevens to call in the U.S. Marines to protect American interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The revolutionaries established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which finally occurred in 1898.	[ "KPHI", "Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom" ]
2hop__143795_500443	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kye Kye (stylized KYE KYE) is an American indietronica band from Portland, Oregon that formed in 2010. The band is made up of the Estonian-born Yagolnikov siblings Olga and Timothy. They released their first studio album in 2011 entitled \"Young Love\" that was released independently by the band. The band got more success commercially and critically out of their second LP entitled \"Fantasize\" that released in early 2014 by Valga Records, which is an independent record label.", "title": "Kye Kye" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George William Weidler was one of six children born to the architect Alfred Weidler (1886–1966) and opera singer Margarete Therese Louisa (née Radon). The first four siblings (Waldtraud, Verena, Werther, and Wolfgang) were born in Germany. The eldest sibling, Waldtraud (later known as Sylvia) and the youngest sibling, Virginia, were both child film actresses. And one of his three brothers, Warner (born Werner Alfred Weidler), was a composer.", "title": "George William Weidler" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences.", "title": "Scott Young (writer)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love Hysteria is the second solo album by the British solo artist Peter Murphy, formerly of the gothic rock band Bauhaus. It was released in 1988.", "title": "Love Hysteria" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Love is the fourth studio album by French DJ David Guetta, first released in the United Kingdom on 24 August 2009 through Virgin Records. Guetta's first major international release, the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics, and was a commercial success, selling over 3 million copies globally. It spawned a total of six worldwide hit singles throughout 2009 and 2010, most notably \"When Love Takes Over\", featuring American recording artist Kelly Rowland, \"Sexy Bitch\", featuring Senegalese-American R&B singer Akon, and \"Who's That Chick?\", featuring Barbadian recording artist Rihanna and \"One Love\", featuring British recording artist Estelle. \"One Love\" is also Guetta's last studio album to feature his long-time collaborator, Chris Willis, on vocals. Since the album's initial release it has since been reissued several times to include previously unreleased tracks and other bonus material.", "title": "One Love (David Guetta album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Legendary Siblings is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Gu Long's novel \"Juedai Shuangjiao\". The series was directed by Lee Kwok-lap and starred Jimmy Lin and Alec Su in the leading roles. It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1999 and was followed by \"The Legendary Siblings 2\" in 2002.", "title": "The Legendary Siblings" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Our Love Is on the Faultline\" is a song written by Reece Kirk, and recorded by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released in March 1983 as the second single from the album \"True Love\". \"Our Love Is on the Faultline\" was Crystal Gayle's eleventh number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Our Love Is on the Faultline" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SiriusXM Love is a music channel that plays love songs from soft - AC artists and airs on Sirius XM Radio, and Dish Network. It airs on channel 70 on Sirius XM Radio. On XM, it replaced former channel The Heart on November 12, 2008. On Sirius XM Canada, the channel retained the old Sirius Love name, Until February 9, 2010, SiriusXM Love was on DirecTV channel 819, but all of the Sirius XM programming was dropped in favor of Sonic Tap.", "title": "Sirius XM Love" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Day has been married to actress Mary Elizabeth Ellis since March 4, 2006. They met in 2001 and were dating in 2004 when they co-starred as incestuous siblings on Reno 911!. Ellis has a recurring role on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia as ``The Waitress '', a coffee shop employee and object of the unrequited love and obsession for Day's character. The couple had their first child, a son, in 2011.", "title": "Charlie Day" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Jones with Love is an album by American country music artist George Jones, released in 1971 on the Musicor Records label.", "title": "George Jones with Love" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sitwells (Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell), from Scarborough, North Yorkshire, were three siblings who formed an identifiable literary and artistic clique around themselves in London in the period roughly 1916 to 1930. This was marked by some well-publicised events, notably Edith's \"Façade\" with music by William Walton, with its public debut in 1923. All three Sitwells wrote; for a while their circle was considered by some to rival Bloomsbury, though others dismissed them as attention-seekers rather than serious artists.", "title": "The Sitwells" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Love Is a Rose ''is a song written and composed by Neil Young. It first became popular in 1975 when Linda Ronstadt had a country hit with her version.`` Love Is a Rose'' has also been covered by other artists over the years.", "title": "Love Is a Rose" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love Is Hell pt. 1 is an EP by alternative country artist Ryan Adams, released on November 4, 2003. It features a cover of Oasis' worldwide hit \"Wonderwall\". This album was consolidated with the \"Love Is Hell pt. 2\" EP, and released as \"Love Is Hell\" on May 4, 2004.", "title": "Love Is Hell pt. 1" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Half - siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half - brothers / half - sisters), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half - brothers / half - sisters. In law, the term consanguine is used in place of agnate). They share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related.", "title": "Sibling" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Love Flower is a 1920 American silent drama film produced by D. W. Griffith and released through the then nascent United Artist company of which Griffith was a founding partner.", "title": "The Love Flower" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Love Is a Rose\" is a song written and composed by Neil Young. It first became popular in 1975 when Linda Ronstadt had a country hit with her version. \"Love Is a Rose\" has also been covered by other artists over the years.", "title": "Love Is a Rose" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Fool For Your Love\" is a song written by Don Singleton, and recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley. It was released in March 1983 as the first single and title track from the album \"Fool for Your Love\". The song was Mickey Gilley's sixteenth number one country single as a solo artist. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Fool for Your Love" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Will to Love\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1977 album \"American Stars 'N Bars\". A promotional single of \"Will to Love\" was released, backed with a live performance of \"Cortez the Killer.\"", "title": "Will to Love" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Soundtrack album by Various artists Released March 16, 2018 Genre Soundtrack indie pop Length 47: 24 Label RCA Sony Singles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) ``Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song) ''Released: 16 January 2018`` Love Lies'' Released: 14 February 2018", "title": "Love, Simon" } ]	Who is the sibling of the artist who wrote Will to Love?	Astrid Young	[]	Title: Sibling Passage: Half - siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half - brothers / half - sisters), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half - brothers / half - sisters. In law, the term consanguine is used in place of agnate). They share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related. Title: Scott Young (writer) Passage: Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences. Title: Will to Love Passage: "Will to Love" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1977 album "American Stars 'N Bars". A promotional single of "Will to Love" was released, backed with a live performance of "Cortez the Killer."	[ "Scott Young (writer)", "Will to Love" ]
2hop__608694_84477	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic \"hymn of the cosmic man\". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by \"Kashyapa\" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eyes. He names the Vedic rishis, and declared that the original Veda of the rishis[note 25] was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced animal sacrifices. The Buddha says that it was on this alteration of the true Veda that he refused to pay respect to the Vedas of his time. However, he did not denounce the union with Brahman,[note 26] or the idea of the self uniting with the Self. At the same time, the traditional Hindu itself gradually underwent profound changes, transforming it into what is recognized as early Hinduism.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The NRA, symbolized by the Blue Eagle, was popular with workers. Businesses that supported the NRA put the symbol in their shop windows and on their packages, though they did not always go along with the regulations entailed. Though membership to the NRA was voluntary, businesses that did not display the eagle were very often boycotted, making it seem mandatory for survival to many.", "title": "National Recovery Administration" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vedic mythology and Vedic astronomy describes Bhu-mandala, Bhuloka to be divided into 7 islands (planets in outer space). It is said that Maharaja Priyavrata drove his celestial chariot behind the sun, the rims of his chariot wheels created impressions that later became seven oceans, dividing the planetary system known as Bhu-mandala into seven islands. So, he created seven different types of oceans and planetary systems, which altogether are known as Bhu-mandala, or Bhuloka.", "title": "Bhuu" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change. However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras.", "title": "Sanskrit" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Go Your Own Way ''Single by Fleetwood Mac from the album Rumours B - side`` Silver Springs'' Released December 1976 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1976 Studio Record Plant, Sausalito, California Wally Heider Studios, Los Angeles Criteria Studios, Miami Genre Rock Length 3: 34 Label Warner Bros. Songwriter (s) Lindsey Buckingham Producer (s) Fleetwood Mac Richard Dashut Ken Caillat Fleetwood Mac singles chronology ``Say You Love Me ''(1976)`` Go Your Own Way'' (1976) ``Do n't Stop ''(1977)`` Say You Love Me'' (1976) ``Go Your Own Way ''(1976)`` Do n't Stop'' (1977) Rumours track listing 11 tracks (show) Side one ``Second Hand News ''`` Dreams'' ``Never Going Back Again ''`` Do n't Stop'' ``Go Your Own Way ''`` Songbird'' Side two ``The Chain ''`` You Make Loving Fun'' ``I Do n't Want to Know ''`` Oh Daddy'' ``Gold Dust Woman ''Audio sample file help", "title": "Go Your Own Way" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic texts reveal a dislike of the people of Magadha, in all probability because the Magadhas at this time were not Brahmanised.[page needed] It was not until the 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE that the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha became significant. Ideas that developed in Greater Magadha prior to this were not subject to Vedic influence. These include rebirth and karmic retribution that appear in a number of movements in Greater Magadha, including Buddhism. These movements inherited notions of rebirth and karmic retribution from an earlier culture[page needed]", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael J. Maker (born on February 7, 1969) is an American trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses. The son of a trainer, he learned the business from his father then set up his own public stable in 1991. In 1993 he went to work as an assistant to U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer D. Wayne Lukas where he remained until going out on his own again in 2003.", "title": "Michael J. Maker" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American ship SS Savannah first crossed the Atlantic Ocean, although most of the voyage was actually made under sail. The first ship to make the transatlantic trip substantially under steam power may have been the British - built Dutch - owned Curaçao, a wooden 438 ton vessel built in Dover and powered by two 50 hp engines, which crossed from Hellevoetsluis, near Rotterdam on 26 April 1827 to Paramaribo, Surinam on 24 May, spending 11 days under steam on the way out and more on the return. Another claimant is the Canadian ship SS Royal William in 1833.", "title": "Steamship" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto Binge, (born 19 May 1895, died 18 July 1982) was an SS-Standartenführer during World War II and a commander of the SS Division Götz von Berlichingen and the SS Polizei Division.", "title": "Otto Binge" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Way to Go is a British television sitcom, created by American television writer and producer Bob Kushell, about three men who start an assisted suicide business. The series premiered on BBC Three on 17 January 2013 and ran to six 30-minute episodes. In July 2013 it was announced that \"Way to Go\" had been axed after one series.", "title": "Way to Go (TV series)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "White Star Line Former type Partnership Industry Shipping, transportation Fate merged with Cunard Line Successor Cunard White Star Line Founded 1845 (1845) in Liverpool, England Defunct 1934 Area served Transatlantic Parent Ismay, Imrie and Co. Website www.cunard.co.uk", "title": "White Star Line" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally \"black metal\"). The Kuru state organized the Vedic hymns into collections, and developed the orthodox srauta ritual to uphold the social order. When the Kuru kingdom declined, the center of Vedic culture shifted to their eastern neighbours, the Panchala kingdom. The archaeological Painted Grey Ware culture, which flourished in the Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh regions of northern India from about 1100 to 600 BCE, is believed to correspond to the Kuru and Panchala kingdoms.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge. These focussed on jnana (knowledge) driven aspects of the Vedic religion and the Upanishads. This included metaphysical concepts such as ātman and Brahman, and emphasized meditation, self-discipline, self-knowledge and abstract spirituality, rather than ritualism. The Upanishads were variously interpreted by ancient and medieval era Vedanta scholars. Consequently, the Vedanta separated into many sub-schools, ranging from theistic dualism to non-theistic monism, each interpreting the texts in its own way and producing its own series of sub-commentaries.", "title": "Hindu philosophy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas are some of the oldest extant texts in India. The Vedic period, lasting from about 1750 to 500 BCE, and contributed the foundations of several cultural aspects of Indian subcontinent. In terms of culture, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age in this period.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Mind Your Own Business ''Single by Hank Williams B - side`` There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight'' Released July 1949 Recorded March 1, 1949 Studio Castle Studio, Nashville Genre Country, blues, rock and roll Length 2: 47 Label MGM Songwriter (s) Hank Williams Producer (s) Fred Rose Hank Williams singles chronology ``Wedding Bells ''(1949)`` Mind Your Own Business'' (1949) ``You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave) ''(1949)`` Wedding Bells'' (1949) ``Mind Your Own Business ''(1949)`` You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)'' (1949)", "title": "Mind Your Own Business (song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch (12 June 1888 – 29 January 1971) was an Obergruppenführer in the German Waffen-SS during World War II. He commanded the 4th SS Polizei Division and the VI SS Army Corps and the IX SS Mountain Corps; he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.", "title": "Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Position Officer High School 2017 - 2018 President Jinwu Liu Bayview Secondary School 2017 - 2018 Secretary Vyoma Fadia Earl Haig SS 2017 - 2018 Media Coordinator James Quinlan Woburn CI 2017 - 2018 Events Coordinator Maria Diogenous Glenview Park SS 2017 - 2018 Chapter Liaison Officer Adam Dorfman Thornhill SS 2017 - 2018 Chapter Liaison Officer Harry Chen London Central SS 2017 - 2018 Branding and Communications Coordinator Sarina Wong The University of Toronto Schools", "title": "DECA (organization)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SS.11 is the designation of the Nord Aviation MCLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile. In American service, the missile was designated the \"AGM-22\". The missile entered service with the French Army in 1956. Production of the SS.11/SS.12 series ceased some time in the 1980s, by which time over 170,000 had been sold. The price of the SS.11 in the late 1960s was stated at approximately $1,900 U.S. dollars.", "title": "SS.11" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "SS \"Vedic\" was an ocean liner for the White Star Line, built in 1917 by Harland and Wolff. She was requisitioned as a troopship in World War One, for which she was extensively refitted.", "title": "SS Vedic" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SS \"Heraklion was built as the SS \"Leicestershire by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Glasgow in 1949, for the Bibby Line to operate the UK to Burma route. She was chartered to the British India Line for some time to supplement its London to East Africa service. In 1964 she was sold to the Aegean Steam Navigation Co to operate under their Typaldos Lines, renamed SS \"Heraklion\".", "title": "SS Heraklion" } ]	When did the owner of SS Vedic go out of business?	1934	[]	Title: White Star Line Passage: White Star Line Former type Partnership Industry Shipping, transportation Fate merged with Cunard Line Successor Cunard White Star Line Founded 1845 (1845) in Liverpool, England Defunct 1934 Area served Transatlantic Parent Ismay, Imrie and Co. Website www.cunard.co.uk Title: Way to Go (TV series) Passage: Way to Go is a British television sitcom, created by American television writer and producer Bob Kushell, about three men who start an assisted suicide business. The series premiered on BBC Three on 17 January 2013 and ran to six 30-minute episodes. In July 2013 it was announced that "Way to Go" had been axed after one series. Title: SS Vedic Passage: SS "Vedic" was an ocean liner for the White Star Line, built in 1917 by Harland and Wolff. She was requisitioned as a troopship in World War One, for which she was extensively refitted.	[ "White Star Line", "SS Vedic" ]
2hop__485480_160012	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the main ceremony, Moonlight won three awards including Best Picture, after La La Land was mistakenly announced as a winner, and Mahershala Ali won Best Supporting Actor award. La La Land went on to win six awards, the most for the evening from its record - tying fourteen nominations including Best Actress for Emma Stone and Best Director for Damien Chazelle. Hacksaw Ridge and Manchester by the Sea won two awards each with Casey Affleck winning Best Actor for the latter and Viola Davis won Best Supporting Actress honor for Fences. The telecast garnered 33 million viewers in the United States.", "title": "89th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "My Worst Nightmare (original title: Mon pire cauchemar) is a 2011 French-Belgian comedy-drama film written and directed by Anne Fontaine, starring Isabelle Huppert, Benoît Poelvoorde and André Dussollier.", "title": "My Worst Nightmare" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nightmare Weekend is a 1986 horror B-movie directed by Henry Sala and distributed by Troma Entertainment. It features the first film role of \"NYPD Blue\" actress Andrea Thompson.", "title": "Nightmare Weekend" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gina Alexis Rodriguez (born July 30, 1984) is an American actress, model, writer, producer, and director. She is best known for her starring role as Jane Villanueva in The CW comedy - drama series Jane the Virgin (2014 -- present), for which she has been nominated for three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Television Series Musical or Comedy, winning once in 2015.", "title": "Gina Rodriguez" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashley Suzanne Johnson (born August 9, 1983) is an American actress, voice actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Chrissy Seaver in Growing Pains, Ellie in The Last of Us, Annie Warbucks in Annie: A Royal Adventure!, Alex Marshall in What Women Want, Terra in Teen Titans and its spin - off Teen Titans Go! and Gretchen Priscilla Grundler in Disney's Recess. She currently stars in the NBC drama Blindspot as FBI forensic specialist Patterson, and is a recurring cast member of Geek and Sundry's show Critical Role.", "title": "Ashley Johnson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Call Girl is a 2011 American pornographic film starring Jessie Andrews, and directed and written by Graham Travis. In 2012, the film received 19 nominations for both creative and technical awards, winning four AVN Awards for best actress, best director, best feature and the AVN's first Movie of the Year award; one XRCO Award for best epic; and six XBIZ Awards for acting performance of the year – female, best cinematography, best non-sex acting performance of the year, director of the year – individual project, and feature movie of the year.", "title": "Portrait of a Call Girl" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Three Men of the River\" was one of the most critically acclaimed films of 1943 in Argentina, winning five Silver Condor awards at the 1944 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards, with cinematographers Leo Fleider and Francis Boeniger winning the Silver Condor Awards for Best Camera Operator and Best Cinematography respectively, and Leticia Scuri winning the Silver Condor Award for Best Supporting Actress. The film also won Best Original Screenplay and Best Music. At the Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences awards it also won Best Director for Soffici, Best Original Screenplay, Best Supporting Actress for Scuri, and Best Cinematography and Best Camera Operator for Boeniger and Fleider.", "title": "Three Men of the River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 12 actors who have appeared in the series for 20 years or more are listed in the table below. The longest - tenured actor and the longest - serving cast member overall is Chris Chittell who has played Eric Pollard for 31 years. The longest - tenured actresses are Sheila Mercier (Annie Sugden) and Jane Cox (Lisa Dingle) with 22 years.", "title": "Emmerdale" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sous chef Heather West won the season. Her prize was the position of executive chef at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas with a salary of $250,000, where she worked as chef at the Terra Rossa Restaurant. Runner - up Virginia Dalbeck had the worst streak of any finalist on the show, being nominated every single time apart from wins and ``Best of the Worst ''nominations.", "title": "Hell's Kitchen (American season 2)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Academy Awards Year Nominated work Category Result 1989 Steel Magnolias Best Supporting Actress Nominated 1990 Pretty Woman Best Actress Nominated 2000 Erin Brockovich Won 2013 August: Osage County Best Supporting Actress Nominated", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Julia Roberts" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996) is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film.", "title": "Laine MacNeil" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karen Hayes is a fictional character on the television program \"24\" portrayed by actress Jayne Atkinson. She appeared as a recurring character in twelve episodes of the fifth season and a main cast member in eighteen episodes of the sixth season.", "title": "Karen Hayes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucy Boryer is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janine Stewart on the comedy-drama series \"Doogie Howser, M.D.\" Recurring in the first season; she was promoted as a main cast member in second season until the end of season three. She reprised her role for two additional episodes in the fourth and final season.", "title": "Lucy Boryer" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Ritchie (born 29 August 1989) is a British actress and singer - songwriter. She is a member of the classical crossover band All Angels. She has been a main cast member in Channel 4's Fresh Meat and the BBC's Siblings. From January 2015 she joined the cast of the BBC's Call the Midwife, playing Barbara Gilbert.", "title": "Charlotte Ritchie" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare in Love is the original soundtrack album, on the Sony Classical label, of the 1998 Academy Award - winning and Golden Globe - winning film Shakespeare in Love, starring Joseph Fiennes, Gwyneth Paltrow (who won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as ``Viola De Lesseps ''in this film), Geoffrey Rush, Tom Wilkinson, Imelda Staunton, Ben Affleck and Judi Dench (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as`` Queen Elizabeth I'' in this film). The original score and songs were composed by Stephen Warbeck.", "title": "Shakespeare in Love (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Principal photography on Fifty Shades Darker and its sequel Fifty Shades Freed (2018) began on February 9, 2016, in Paris and Vancouver. It was released in the United States on February 10, 2017. The film grossed $381 million worldwide against its $55 million budget, but received negative reviews for its screenplay, acting and narrative, though Dakota Johnson's performance received some praise. At the 38th Golden Raspberry Awards, the film received nine nominations; including Worst Picture, Worst Actor (Dornan) and Worst Actress (Johnson), and won two for Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel, and Worst Supporting Actress (Basinger).", "title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Haneke's feature film debut was 1989's The Seventh Continent, which served to trace out the violent and bold style that would bloom in later years. Three years later, the controversial Benny's Video put Haneke's name on the map. Haneke achieved great success in 2001 with the critically successful French film The Piano Teacher. It won the prestigious Grand Prize at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival and also won its stars, Benoît Magimel and Isabelle Huppert, the Best Actor and Actress awards. He has worked with Juliette Binoche (Code Unknown in 2000 and Caché in 2005), after she expressed interest in working with him. Haneke frequently worked with real-life couple Ulrich Mühe and Susanne Lothar – thrice each.", "title": "Michael Haneke" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birgit Minichmayr (born 3 April 1977) is an Austrian actress born in Linz, Austria. She studied drama at the Max-Reinhardt-Seminar in Vienna. For her work in Maren Ade's film Everyone Else she won Silver Bear for Best Actress at 59th Berlin International Film Festival. She is the only Austrian actress to win this award in history of the festival and the first Austrian actress to win best actress award at a major European film festival (Cannes, Venice, Berlin) since 1956. She worked with several major European directors including Michael Haneke, Tom Tykwer and Jessica Hausner.", "title": "Birgit Minichmayr" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 2, 2014. American Hustle became David O. Russell's second consecutive film to earn nominations in all acting categories and the fifteenth film overall in Oscar history to achieve this distinction. It also was the third film after Gangs of New York and True Grit to lose all ten of its nominations. Steve McQueen became the first black director to direct a Best Picture winner and the third such person to receive a nomination for directing. Alfonso Cuaron became the first person of Mexican descent to win Best Director. With Matthew McConaughey and Jared Leto's respective wins in the Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor categories, Dallas Buyers Club was the fifth film to win both male acting awards. Additionally, 3 other films (American Hustle, 12 Years a Slave, and The Wolf of Wall Street) also received nominations for both Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor. Cate Blanchett became the sixth actress to have won both female acting awards in her career. Lupita Nyong'o was the sixteenth Oscar acting winner to win for a debut film performance and the ninth Best Supporting Actress recipient to achieve this feat. Best Original Song co-winner Robert Lopez became the youngest individual to win an Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Award and the twelfth person overall to earn these accolades.", "title": "86th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rachel Mwanza is an actress from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, best known for her performance as Komona in the 2012 film \"War Witch (Rebelle)\". Prior to being cast in the film, she was homeless and living on the streets of Kinshasa.", "title": "Rachel Mwanza" } ]	In what year did the cast member of My Worst Nightmare win Best Actress?	2001	[]	Title: 86th Academy Awards Passage: The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 2, 2014. American Hustle became David O. Russell's second consecutive film to earn nominations in all acting categories and the fifteenth film overall in Oscar history to achieve this distinction. It also was the third film after Gangs of New York and True Grit to lose all ten of its nominations. Steve McQueen became the first black director to direct a Best Picture winner and the third such person to receive a nomination for directing. Alfonso Cuaron became the first person of Mexican descent to win Best Director. With Matthew McConaughey and Jared Leto's respective wins in the Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor categories, Dallas Buyers Club was the fifth film to win both male acting awards. Additionally, 3 other films (American Hustle, 12 Years a Slave, and The Wolf of Wall Street) also received nominations for both Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor. Cate Blanchett became the sixth actress to have won both female acting awards in her career. Lupita Nyong'o was the sixteenth Oscar acting winner to win for a debut film performance and the ninth Best Supporting Actress recipient to achieve this feat. Best Original Song co-winner Robert Lopez became the youngest individual to win an Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Award and the twelfth person overall to earn these accolades. Title: My Worst Nightmare Passage: My Worst Nightmare (original title: Mon pire cauchemar) is a 2011 French-Belgian comedy-drama film written and directed by Anne Fontaine, starring Isabelle Huppert, Benoît Poelvoorde and André Dussollier. Title: Michael Haneke Passage: Haneke's feature film debut was 1989's The Seventh Continent, which served to trace out the violent and bold style that would bloom in later years. Three years later, the controversial Benny's Video put Haneke's name on the map. Haneke achieved great success in 2001 with the critically successful French film The Piano Teacher. It won the prestigious Grand Prize at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival and also won its stars, Benoît Magimel and Isabelle Huppert, the Best Actor and Actress awards. He has worked with Juliette Binoche (Code Unknown in 2000 and Caché in 2005), after she expressed interest in working with him. Haneke frequently worked with real-life couple Ulrich Mühe and Susanne Lothar – thrice each.	[ "My Worst Nightmare", "Michael Haneke" ]
2hop__782683_44852	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Advance Australia Fair '', with modified lyrics from the original (see development of lyrics), was adopted as the Australian national anthem on 19 April 1984 by a proclamation by the Governor - General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on a recommendation by the Labor government of Bob Hawke.`` God Save the Queen'', now known as the royal anthem, continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by the Queen or members of the Royal Family.", "title": "Advance Australia Fair" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The hymn is often called the ``National Anthem of Christendom ''. The lyrics, written by Edward Perronet while he served as a missionary in India, first appeared in the November, 1779 issue of the Gospel Magazine, which was edited by the author of`` Rock of Ages'', Augustus Toplady.", "title": "All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trei culori (\"Three colours\") was the national anthem of the Socialist Republic of Romania from 1977 until 1990. Since 1990, after the Romanian Revolution, it has been replaced by Deșteaptă-te, române!. Before 1977 the national anthem had been Te slăvim, Românie, introduced in 1953.", "title": "Trei culori" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lift Every Voice and Sing ''-- often referred to as the`` Black American National Anthem'' -- is a song written as a poem by James Weldon Johnson (1871 -- 1938) in 1900 and set to music by his brother John Rosamond Johnson (1873 -- 1954) in 1905.", "title": "Lift Every Voice and Sing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frédéric Bérat (Rouen, 11 March 1801 – Paris, 2 December 1855) was a French composer and songwriter. He is the writer of \"Ma Normandie\" which is used as the National Anthem of Jersey, and sometimes as the unofficial Norman anthem.", "title": "Frédéric Bérat" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Motherland\" is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean-Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty.", "title": "Motherland (anthem)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There are differing accounts as to the origin of the Sri Lanka Matha. The most widely held view is that Sri Lankan composer Ananda Samarakoon wrote the music and lyrics to the song inspired / influenced by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. A minority suggest that Tagore wrote the anthem in full. Some have suggested that Tagore wrote the music whilst Samarakoon wrote the lyrics. Tagore being directly involved in the creation of the song has been denied by some historians like Indian Lipi Ghosh and Sri Lankan Sandagomi Coperahewa. Samarakoon had been a pupil of Tagore at Visva - Bharati University, Santiniketan. After returning to Ceylon Samarakoon taught music at Mahinda College, Galle. The song, which was then known as Namo Namo Mata, was first sung by students at Mahinda College. After it was sung by the choir from Musaeus College, Colombo at a public event it became hugely popular in Ceylon and was widely played on radio.", "title": "Sri Lanka Matha" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lift Every Voice and Sing ''-- often referred to as the`` Black American National Anthem'' -- is a song written as a poem by James Weldon Johnson (1871 -- 1938) in 1899 and set to music by his brother John Rosamond Johnson (1873 -- 1954) in 1905.", "title": "Lift Every Voice and Sing" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "O Canada Sheet music for Canada's national anthem, in English, French, and Inuktitut National anthem of Canada Also known as French: Ô Canada Lyrics Adolphe - Basile Routhier (French, 1880), Robert Stanley Weir (English, 1908) Music Calixa Lavallée, 1880 Adopted July 1, 1980", "title": "O Canada" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``La Marseillaise ''(French pronunciation: (la maʁsɛjɛːz)) is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled`` Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin'' (``War Song for the Rhine Army '').", "title": "La Marseillaise" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "March On, Bahamaland is the national anthem of the Bahamas. It was composed by Timothy Gibson and adopted in 1973.", "title": "March On, Bahamaland" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mannar (, , formerly spelled Manar) is the main town of Mannar District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is governed by an Urban Council. The town is located on Mannar Island overlooking the Gulf of Mannar and is home to the historic Ketheeswaram temple.", "title": "Mannar, Sri Lanka" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lupang Hinirang ''((ˈlupaŋ hiˈniɾaŋ); originally in Spanish: Patria Adorada (ˈpatɾja aðoˈɾaða); English:`` Chosen Land'') is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, written by José Palma in 1899. Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.", "title": "Lupang Hinirang" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ``National Anthem of the Republic of China ''is the national anthem of Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by China as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s; beforehand the`` Song to the Auspicious Cloud'' was used as the Chinese national anthem. In contemporary China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of China is the ``March of the Volunteers ''. The national anthem was also adopted in Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after the surrender of Japan.", "title": "National Anthem of the Republic of China" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe\", usually known just as the \"Wilhelmus\" (; ; English translation: \"The William\"), is the national anthem of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It dates back to at least 1572, making it the national anthem with the oldest music. Although the \"Wilhelmus\" was not recognized as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status. It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 to 1964.", "title": "Wilhelmus" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Chant du Départ\" (French for \"Song of the Departure\") is a revolutionary and war song written by Étienne Nicolas Méhul (music) and Marie-Joseph Chénier (words) in 1794. It was the official anthem of the First Empire. It is also the regional anthem of French Guiana.", "title": "Chant du départ" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deniswaran is lawyer. He contested the 2013 provincial council election as one of the Tamil National Alliance's candidates in Mannar District and was elected to the Northern Provincial Council. After the election he was appointed Minister of Fisheries, Transport, Trade and Rural Development. He took his oath as minister and provincial councillor in front of Chief Minister C. V. Vigneswaran at Veerasingam Hall on 11 October 2013.", "title": "B. Deniswaran" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``My Country, 'Tis of Thee '', also known as`` America'', is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, ``God Save the Queen '', arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like`` Hail, Columbia'') before the adoption of ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''as the official anthem in 1931.", "title": "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Forged from the Love of Liberty ''is the national anthem of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Originally composed as the national anthem for the short - lived West Indies Federation (1958 -- 1962), this song was edited and adopted by Trinidad and Tobago when it became independent in 1962.", "title": "Forged from the Love of Liberty" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Motherland ''(French: Mère Patrie) is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean - Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty.", "title": "Motherland (anthem)" } ]	Who wrote the national anthem of the country where the town of Mannar is located?	Ananda Samarakoon	[]	Title: Mannar, Sri Lanka Passage: Mannar (, , formerly spelled Manar) is the main town of Mannar District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is governed by an Urban Council. The town is located on Mannar Island overlooking the Gulf of Mannar and is home to the historic Ketheeswaram temple. Title: Sri Lanka Matha Passage: There are differing accounts as to the origin of the Sri Lanka Matha. The most widely held view is that Sri Lankan composer Ananda Samarakoon wrote the music and lyrics to the song inspired / influenced by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. A minority suggest that Tagore wrote the anthem in full. Some have suggested that Tagore wrote the music whilst Samarakoon wrote the lyrics. Tagore being directly involved in the creation of the song has been denied by some historians like Indian Lipi Ghosh and Sri Lankan Sandagomi Coperahewa. Samarakoon had been a pupil of Tagore at Visva - Bharati University, Santiniketan. After returning to Ceylon Samarakoon taught music at Mahinda College, Galle. The song, which was then known as Namo Namo Mata, was first sung by students at Mahinda College. After it was sung by the choir from Musaeus College, Colombo at a public event it became hugely popular in Ceylon and was widely played on radio. Title: Lift Every Voice and Sing Passage: ``Lift Every Voice and Sing ''-- often referred to as the`` Black American National Anthem'' -- is a song written as a poem by James Weldon Johnson (1871 -- 1938) in 1899 and set to music by his brother John Rosamond Johnson (1873 -- 1954) in 1905.	[ "Sri Lanka Matha", "Mannar, Sri Lanka" ]
3hop1__680_669_90553	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that \"all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała \"My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores\", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was \"closer to the grave than the nuptial bed.\" He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—\"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere\", he wrote to Grzymała.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "title": "The Storm (short story)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and \"gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life.\" Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's \"general factotum and copyist\".", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzymała: \"I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much.\" He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him \"hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain\", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was \"too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists\". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that \"As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.\" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1996, in a symbolic response to growing dissatisfaction among Scots at the prevailing constitutional settlement, the British Government decided that the stone should be kept in Scotland when not in use at coronations. On 3 July 1996, it was announced in the House of Commons that the stone would be returned to Scotland, and on 15 November 1996, after a handover ceremony at the border between representatives of the Home Office and of the Scottish Office, it was transported to Edinburgh Castle. The stone arrived in the Castle on 30 November 1996, St Andrew's Day, where the official handover ceremony occurred. Prince Andrew, Duke of York, representing Queen Elizabeth II, formally handed over the Royal Warrant transferring the stone into the safekeeping of the Commissioners for the Regalia. It currently remains alongside the crown jewels of Scotland, the Honours of Scotland, in the Crown Room.", "title": "Stone of Scone" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!\" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin \"must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" } ]	When was the Stone of Destiny returned to the country where the same individual who invited Chopin there, also gave him a loan for an apartment?	30 November 1996	[]	Title: Stone of Scone Passage: In 1996, in a symbolic response to growing dissatisfaction among Scots at the prevailing constitutional settlement, the British Government decided that the stone should be kept in Scotland when not in use at coronations. On 3 July 1996, it was announced in the House of Commons that the stone would be returned to Scotland, and on 15 November 1996, after a handover ceremony at the border between representatives of the Home Office and of the Scottish Office, it was transported to Edinburgh Castle. The stone arrived in the Castle on 30 November 1996, St Andrew's Day, where the official handover ceremony occurred. Prince Andrew, Duke of York, representing Queen Elizabeth II, formally handed over the Royal Warrant transferring the stone into the safekeeping of the Commissioners for the Regalia. It currently remains alongside the crown jewels of Scotland, the Honours of Scotland, in the Crown Room. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room." Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała.	[ "Frédéric Chopin", "Frédéric Chopin", "Stone of Scone" ]
2hop__58351_86706	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Djokovic is widely regarded as one of the greatest tennis players of all time. He has won 13 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks. In majors, he has won six Australian Open titles, four Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title. In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam. Following his victory at the 2016 French Open, he became the third man to hold all four major titles at once, the first since Rod Laver in 1969, and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces.", "title": "Novak Djokovic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles Champions Location London United Kingdom Venue AELTC Governing body AELTC Created 1877 (established) Editions Tournaments staged: (131 editions) Open Era: 1968 (50 editions) Surface Grass (1877 -- Present) Prize money £2,200,000 (2017) Trophy Wimbledon Cup Website wimbledon.com Most titles Amateur era 7: William Renshaw (challenge round) 3: Fred Perry (regular) Open era 8: Roger Federer Most consecutive titles Amateur era 6: William Renshaw (challenge round) 3: Fred Perry (regular) Open era 5: Björn Borg Roger Federer Current champion Roger Federer (Eighth title)", "title": "List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Men's Singles 2018 Wimbledon Championships Champion Novak Djokovic Runner - up Kevin Anderson Final score 6 -- 2, 6 -- 2, 7 -- 6 Events Singles men women boys girls Doubles men women mixed boys girls Legends men women seniors WC Doubles men women ← 2017 Wimbledon Championships 2019 →", "title": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Stark (born April 3, 1971) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. During his career he won two Grand Slam doubles titles (the 1994 French Open Men's Doubles and the 1995 Wimbledon Championships Mixed Doubles). Stark reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in 1994.", "title": "Jonathan Stark (tennis)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Magdaléna Rybáriková (; born 4 October 1988) is a Slovak professional tennis player. She has won four WTA singles titles and reached the semifinals of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. She broke into the top 30 for the first time in September 2017 and reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 17 in March 2018.", "title": "Magdaléna Rybáriková" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women's Singles 2017 Wimbledon Championships Champion Garbiñe Muguruza Runner - up Venus Williams Final score 7 -- 5, 6 -- 0 Details Draw 128 (12 Q / 6 WC) Seeds 32 Events Singles men women boys girls Doubles men women mixed boys girls Legends men women seniors WC Doubles men women ← 2016 Wimbledon Championships 2018 →", "title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Federer was the four-time defending champion, and successfully defended his title. This was Federer's 5th consecutive US Open title after winning in the final 6–2, 7–5, 6–2 against Andy Murray of Great Britain who was contesting his first major final. It was Federer's 13th Grand Slam title and his only successful title defence in majors that year, after losing the Australian Open and Wimbledon titles, now moved to second place on the all time men's singles Grand Slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson.", "title": "2008 US Open – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Roger Federer achieved his record eighth Wimbledon and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6 -- 3, 6 -- 1, 6 -- 4. Federer thus became the only male player to win the Wimbledon singles title eight times, as well as only the second man in the Open era, after Björn Borg in 1976, to win Wimbledon without losing a set. This was Federer's 70th appearance at a Grand Slam, tying the record for male players and a record - breaking 11th men's singles final at the same Grand Slam tournament. In addition, by virtue of his third - round win over Mischa Zverev, Federer won his 317th Grand Slam singles match, surpassing Serena Williams' record of 316 match wins and giving him the all - time record for the most Grand Slam singles wins by any player, male or female. The tournament marked the fifth time that Nadal and Federer won the French Open and Wimbledon respectively in the same year.", "title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Australian Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2017 Australian Open. It was contested between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, ranked 17th and 9th in the world respectively. It was their record ninth meeting in a Grand Slam final in their rivalry, and their 1st meeting in a Grand Slam final since the 2011 French Open. In a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final, which Nadal won in 5 sets, Roger Federer won the duel in 5 sets, beating Nadal for the first time in a Grand Slam since the 2007 Wimbledon final. He also trailed Nadal 3 -- 1 in the final set but won 5 games in a row to win the title. This ended a 6 - match losing streak against Nadal in Grand Slam events. Having lost all of their previous three encounters, this was the first time Federer defeated Nadal at the Australian Open and also marked Federer's first Grand Slam victory over Nadal outside the grass courts of Wimbledon. Federer extended his record of Grand Slam men's singles titles to 18 exceeding the previous record of 14 held by Pete Sampras.", "title": "2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2016 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold Tournament details Dates 28 June -- 3 July 2016 Level Grand Prix Gold Total prize money US $200,000 Venue Taipei Arena Location Taipei, Chinese Taipei Champions Men's Singles Chou Tien - chen Women's Singles Tai Tzu - ying Men's Doubles Li Junhui Liu Yuchen Women's Doubles Huang Dongping Zhong Qianxin Mixed Doubles Zheng Siwei Chen Qingchen ← 2015 2017 →", "title": "2016 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles Champions Location London United Kingdom Venue AELTC Governing body AELTC Created 1877 (established) Open Era: 1968 (49 editions) Surface Grass (1877 -- Present) Prize money £2,200,000 (2017) Trophy Wimbledon Cup Website wimbledon.com Most titles Amateur era 7: William Renshaw (challenge round) 3: Fred Perry (regular) Open era 8: Roger Federer Most consecutive titles Amateur era 6: William Renshaw (challenge round) 3: Fred Perry (regular) Open era 5: Björn Borg Roger Federer Current champion Roger Federer (Eighth title)", "title": "List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Federer Federer at Wimbledon in 2009. Country (sports) Switzerland Residence Bottmingen, Switzerland (1981 - 08 - 08) 8 August 1981 (age 36) Basel, Switzerland Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) Turned pro 1998 Plays Right - handed (one - handed backhand) Prize money US $108,250,560 2nd all - time leader in earnings Official website rogerfederer.com Singles Career record 1121 -- 249 (81.82%) Career titles 93 (3rd in the Open Era) Highest ranking No. 1 (2 February 2004) Current ranking No. 2 (25 September 2017) Grand Slam Singles results Australian Open W (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017) French Open W (2009) Wimbledon W (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017) US Open W (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008) Other tournaments Tour Finals W (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011) Olympic Games F (2012) Doubles Career record 129 -- 89 (59.17%) Career titles 8 Highest ranking No. 24 (9 June 2003) Current ranking -- (25 September 2017) Grand Slam Doubles results Australian Open 3R (2003) French Open 1R (2000) Wimbledon QF (2000) US Open 3R (2002) Other doubles tournaments Olympic Games W (2008) Team competitions Davis Cup W (2014) Hopman Cup W (2001) Olympic medal record (hide) 2008 Beijing Doubles 2012 London Singles Last updated on: 25 September 2017.", "title": "Roger Federer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Men's Singles 2017 US Open Champion Rafael Nadal Runner - up Kevin Anderson Final score 6 -- 3, 6 -- 3, 6 -- 4 Details Draw 128 (16 Q / 8 WC) Seeds 32 Events Singles men women boys girls Doubles men women mixed boys girls Legends men women mixed WC Singles men women quad WC Doubles men women quad ← 2016 US Open 2018 →", "title": "2017 US Open – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Borg won his fifth consecutive Wimbledon singles title, the 1980 Wimbledon Men's Singles final, by defeating McEnroe in a five - set match, often cited as the best Wimbledon final ever played -- the only comparable match being the 2008 Federer -- Nadal final. Having lost the opening set to an all - out McEnroe assault, Borg took the next two and had two championship points at 5 -- 4 in the fourth. However, McEnroe averted disaster and went on to level the match in Wimbledon's most memorable 34 - point tiebreaker, which he won 18 -- 16. In the fourth - set tiebreak, McEnroe saved five match points, and Borg six set points, before McEnroe won the set. Björn served first to begin the 5th set and fell behind 15 -- 40. Borg then won 19 straight points on serve in the deciding set and prevailed after 3 hours, 53 minutes. Borg himself commented years later that this was the first time that he was afraid that he would lose, as well as feeling that it was the beginning of the end of his dominance.", "title": "Björn Borg" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the final to Stan Wawrinka, 7 -- 6, 4 -- 6, 5 -- 7, 3 -- 6. This was the first time the men's singles champion at the US Open won the match after losing the first set since Juan Martín del Potro in 2009. This was also the first time the men's singles champion at the US Open won the title after being a match point down since Djokovic in 2011, with Wawrinka having saved a match point against Dan Evans in the 3rd round. As he had done in his 2 previous grand slam titles, Wawrinka again defeated the world No. 1 in the final.", "title": "2016 US Open – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Australian Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2017 Australian Open. It was contested between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, ranked 17th and 9th in the world respectively. It was their record ninth meeting in a Grand Slam final in their rivalry, and their 1st meeting in a Grand Slam final since the 2011 French Open. In a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final, which Nadal won in 5 sets, Roger Federer won the duel in 5 sets, beating Nadal for the first time in a Grand Slam since the 2007 Wimbledon final. He also trailed Nadal 3 -- 1 in the final set but won 5 games in a row to win the title. This ended a 6 - match losing streak against Nadal in Grand Slam events. Having lost all of their previous three encounters, this was the first time Federer defeated Nadal at the Australian Open and also marked Federer's first Grand Slam victory over Nadal outside the grass courts of Wimbledon. Federer extended his record of Grand Slam men's singles titles to 18, marking the third time he broke his own all - time record, after breaking the previous record of 14, held by Pete Sampras.", "title": "2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Men's Singles 2017 Mutua Madrid Open Champion Rafael Nadal Runner - up Dominic Thiem Final score 7 -- 6, 6 -- 4 Details Draw 56 (7 Q / 4 WC) Seeds 16 Events Singles men women Doubles men women ← 2016 Mutua Madrid Open 2018 →", "title": "2017 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federer's main accomplishments as a junior player came at Wimbledon in 1998, where he won both the boys' singles final over Irakli Labadze, and in doubles teamed with Olivier Rochus, defeating the team of Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram. In addition, Federer lost the US Open Junior final in 1998 to David Nalbandian. He won four ITF junior singles tournaments in his career, including the prestigious Orange Bowl, where he defeated Guillermo Coria in the final. He ended 1998 with the No. 1 junior world ranking, was awarded ITF junior World Champion, and entered his first tournament as a professional during 1998 in Gstaad, where he lost to Lucas Arnold Ker in the first round.", "title": "Roger Federer" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2003, Federer won his first Grand Slam singles title at Wimbledon, beating Mark Philippoussis in the final. Federer won his first and only doubles Masters Series 1000 event in Miami with Max Mirnyi and made it to one singles Masters Series 1000 event in Rome on clay, which he lost. Federer made it to nine finals on the ATP Tour and won seven of them, including the 500 series events at Dubai and Vienna. Lastly, Federer won the year - end championships over Andre Agassi, finishing the year as world # 2, narrowly behind Andy Roddick by only 160 points.", "title": "Roger Federer" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Djokovic -- Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer. They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23 -- 22. This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals. Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9 -- 6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings. A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era. To date Federer is the only man to have beaten Djokovic in all four majors, and likewise Djokovic is the only man to have beaten Federer in all four majors. Both men accomplished this after having beaten each other at Wimbledon. Both players are generally considered to be the two greatest hard court players in the open era.", "title": "Djokovic–Federer rivalry" } ]	Who beat the winner of the 2017 Wimbledon's Men's Single in the U.S. Open?	Novak Djokovic	[]	Title: Roger Federer Passage: Roger Federer Federer at Wimbledon in 2009. Country (sports) Switzerland Residence Bottmingen, Switzerland (1981 - 08 - 08) 8 August 1981 (age 36) Basel, Switzerland Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) Turned pro 1998 Plays Right - handed (one - handed backhand) Prize money US $108,250,560 2nd all - time leader in earnings Official website rogerfederer.com Singles Career record 1121 -- 249 (81.82%) Career titles 93 (3rd in the Open Era) Highest ranking No. 1 (2 February 2004) Current ranking No. 2 (25 September 2017) Grand Slam Singles results Australian Open W (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017) French Open W (2009) Wimbledon W (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017) US Open W (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008) Other tournaments Tour Finals W (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011) Olympic Games F (2012) Doubles Career record 129 -- 89 (59.17%) Career titles 8 Highest ranking No. 24 (9 June 2003) Current ranking -- (25 September 2017) Grand Slam Doubles results Australian Open 3R (2003) French Open 1R (2000) Wimbledon QF (2000) US Open 3R (2002) Other doubles tournaments Olympic Games W (2008) Team competitions Davis Cup W (2014) Hopman Cup W (2001) Olympic medal record (hide) 2008 Beijing Doubles 2012 London Singles Last updated on: 25 September 2017. Title: 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Passage: Roger Federer achieved his record eighth Wimbledon and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6 -- 3, 6 -- 1, 6 -- 4. Federer thus became the only male player to win the Wimbledon singles title eight times, as well as only the second man in the Open era, after Björn Borg in 1976, to win Wimbledon without losing a set. This was Federer's 70th appearance at a Grand Slam, tying the record for male players and a record - breaking 11th men's singles final at the same Grand Slam tournament. In addition, by virtue of his third - round win over Mischa Zverev, Federer won his 317th Grand Slam singles match, surpassing Serena Williams' record of 316 match wins and giving him the all - time record for the most Grand Slam singles wins by any player, male or female. The tournament marked the fifth time that Nadal and Federer won the French Open and Wimbledon respectively in the same year. Title: Djokovic–Federer rivalry Passage: The Djokovic -- Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer. They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23 -- 22. This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals. Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9 -- 6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings. A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era. To date Federer is the only man to have beaten Djokovic in all four majors, and likewise Djokovic is the only man to have beaten Federer in all four majors. Both men accomplished this after having beaten each other at Wimbledon. Both players are generally considered to be the two greatest hard court players in the open era.	[ "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry" ]
2hop__102049_74309	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Canada, a premier is the head of government of a province or territory. Though the word is merely a synonym for \"prime minister\", it is employed for provincial prime ministers to differentiate them from the Prime Minister of Canada. There are currently ten provincial premiers and three territorial premiers. These persons are styled \"The Honourable\" only while in office, unless they are admitted to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, in which case they retain the title even after leaving the premiership.", "title": "Premier (Canada)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State).", "title": "Prime Minister of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maja Gojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Маја Гојковић; born 22 May 1963 in Novi Sad) is a Serbian politician and current President of the National Assembly of Serbia. She served as minister without portfolio and Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia under the Slobodan Milošević regime.", "title": "Maja Gojković" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Yurevich Borodai (, ; born July 25, 1972) was Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in 2014. After the Donetsk People's Republic declared its independence from Ukraine on 12 May 2014, Borodai was appointed as Prime Minister by the republic's Supreme Council on May 16, 2014. Borodai, a Russian citizen, had earlier worked as a political adviser to Sergey Aksyonov, the prime minister of the Republic of Crimea. On 7 August 2014 Borodai announced his resignation. He was succeeded by Alexander Zakharchenko; under Zakharchenko, Borodai became Deputy Prime Minister.", "title": "Alexander Borodai" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.", "title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lokpal Bill provides for the filing, with the ombudsman, of complaints of corruption against the prime minister, other ministers, and MPs. The Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) recommended the enacting of the Office of a Lokpal, convinced that such an institution was justified, not only for removing the sense of injustice from the minds of citizens, but also to instill public confidence in the efficiency of the administrative machinery.", "title": "Lokpal" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister (informally abbreviated to PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The office is one of the Great Offices of State. The current holder of the office, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016.", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first defence minister of independent India was Baldev Singh, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947 -- 52. Nirmala Sitharaman, the current defence minister of India is the second woman since Indira Gandhi to hold this major post.", "title": "Minister of Defence (India)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "title": "Marisol Touraine" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Holness, as leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), was sworn in as Prime Minister on 3 March 2016, succeeding People's National Party (PNP) leader Portia Simpson - Miller. This was a result of the JLP's victory in Jamaica's 25 February 2016 general election.", "title": "Prime Minister of Jamaica" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph Everard Gonsalves (born 8 August 1946) is a Vincentian politician. He currently serves as the 4th Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and leader of the Unity Labour Party (ULP).", "title": "Ralph Gonsalves" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Welton Irie (born Welton Dobson, 1961 in Jamaica), sometimes credited simply as Welton, is a Jamaican reggae deejay, best known for his work in the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "title": "Welton Irie" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country.", "title": "Chris Watson" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stéphane Christophe Bridé (born 30 September 1971 in Dakar) was the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy of Moldova between 18 February 2015 and 20 January 2016. He is a French citizen who has held dual Moldovan/French nationality since 26 December 2013. He has more than 20 years experience working as an accountant, auditor and consultant in management and fiscal policy.", "title": "Stéphane Christophe Bridé" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2015[update]. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fourth highest in Asia, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998.", "title": "Miloš Zeman" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Prime Minister is Mihai Tudose of the Social Democratic Party who was sworn in on 29 June 2017..", "title": "Prime Minister of Romania" } ]	Who is current prime minister of the country of which Welton Irie is a citizen?	Andrew Holness	[]	Title: Prime Minister of Jamaica Passage: The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Holness, as leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), was sworn in as Prime Minister on 3 March 2016, succeeding People's National Party (PNP) leader Portia Simpson - Miller. This was a result of the JLP's victory in Jamaica's 25 February 2016 general election. Title: Minister of Defence (India) Passage: The first defence minister of independent India was Baldev Singh, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947 -- 52. Nirmala Sitharaman, the current defence minister of India is the second woman since Indira Gandhi to hold this major post. Title: Welton Irie Passage: Welton Irie (born Welton Dobson, 1961 in Jamaica), sometimes credited simply as Welton, is a Jamaican reggae deejay, best known for his work in the late 1970s and early 1980s.	[ "Prime Minister of Jamaica", "Welton Irie" ]
2hop__149855_96331	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Van de Kamp is a fictional character in the ABC television series \"Desperate Housewives\" played by Shawn Pyfrom, and is the son of one of the title characters, Bree Van de Kamp, and her first husband Rex Van de Kamp.", "title": "Andrew Van de Kamp" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathryn Hahn as Ericka Van Helsing: The captain and cruise director of the cruise ship Legacy. She is secretly continuing her great - grandfather's wishes in eliminating monsters and is Dracula's love interest.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poets and Murder is a \"gong'an\" detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang Dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.", "title": "Poets and Murder" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Harker's fiancée, Mina Murray, is staying with her friend Lucy Westenra, who is holidaying in Whitby. Lucy receives three marriage proposals from Dr. John Seward, Quincey Morris, and Arthur Holmwood (the son of Lord Godalming who later obtains the title himself). Lucy accepts Holmwood's proposal while turning down Seward and Morris, but all remain friends. Dracula communicates with Seward's patient, Renfield, an insane man who wishes to consume insects, spiders, birds, and rats to absorb their \"life force\". Renfield is able to detect Dracula's presence and supplies clues accordingly.", "title": "Dracula" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barry Van Dyke (born July 31, 1951) is an American actor and the second son of actor and entertainer Dick Van Dyke and Margie Willett, and nephew of Jerry Van Dyke. He has often worked with his father. He is best known to audiences as Lieutenant Detective Steve Sloan, a homicide detective and the son of (played by Dick Van Dyke) on \"\". In the show, the characters' relatives were frequently played by real-life family members.", "title": "Barry Van Dyke" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alex Cross is a fictional character created by author James Patterson. He is the protagonist of the series of books about a former FBI agent and psychologist who works in Washington, D.C.", "title": "Alex Cross" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amy Adams as Susan Morrow, a rich art gallery owner living in Los Angeles Jake Gyllenhaal as Edward Sheffield, Susan's estranged ex-husband and novelist Armie Hammer as Hutton Morrow, Susan's second husband, who has been neglectful towards Susan Laura Linney as Anne Sutton, Susan's estranged mother Andrea Riseborough as Alessia Holt, Carlos' wife Michael Sheen as Carlos Holt, Alessia's homosexual husband India Menuez as Samantha Morrow, Susan's daughter Zawe Ashton as Alex Jena Malone as Sage Ross Kristin Bauer van Straten as Samantha Van Helsing", "title": "Nocturnal Animals" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Van Helsing is an American - Canadian dark fantasy horror drama television series that premiered on September 23, 2016 on Syfy in the United States. The series was originally slated to premiere in Canada on Super Channel, but because of Super Channel's ongoing bankruptcy proceedings, the series was ultimately dropped from their schedule and instead premiered on Netflix on December 23, 2016.", "title": "Van Helsing (TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abraham Pietersen van Deursen (before November 11, 1607 – c. 1670), aka Abraham Pietersen van Deusen, was an immigrant from Holland who settled in New Amsterdam and become one of the Council of 12 that was the first representative democracy in the Dutch colony. The Van Deursen, Van Deusen, Van Duser, Van Duzer, Van Duzor, Vanduzee, and Van Dusen families of the United States and Canada are all descended from Abraham Pietersen van Deusen, a miller and a native originating from Haarlem in the Netherlands.", "title": "Abraham Pietersen van Deusen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Satanic Rites of Dracula is a 1973 horror film directed by Alan Gibson and produced by Hammer Film Productions. It is the eighth film in Hammer's \"Dracula\" series, and the seventh and final one to feature Christopher Lee as Dracula. The film was also the third to unite Peter Cushing as Van Helsing with Lee, following \"Dracula\" (1958) and \"Dracula A.D. 1972\" (1972).", "title": "The Satanic Rites of Dracula" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jack Bauer is a fictional character and the lead protagonist of the Fox television series \"24\". His character has worked in various capacities on the show, often as a member of the Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) based in Los Angeles, and working with the FBI in Washington, D.C. during season 7.", "title": "Jack Bauer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chinese Nail Murders is a \"gong'an\" detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang Dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700 BC.", "title": "The Chinese Nail Murders" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Van Buren was born on December 5, 1782, in the village of Kinderhook, New York about 20 miles (32 km) south of Albany on the Hudson River. He was the first president not born a British subject, nor of British ancestry. His father, Abraham Van Buren, was a descendant of Cornelis Maessen of the village of Buurmalsen, Netherlands, who had come to North America in 1631 and purchased a plot of land on Manhattan Island. Abraham Van Buren had been a Patriot during the American Revolution, and he later joined the Democratic - Republican Party. Abraham owned and operated an inn and tavern in Kinderhook and served as Kinderhook's town clerk for several years. In 1776, Abraham married Maria Hoes (or Goes) Van Alen, the widow of Johannes Van Alen. Like Abraham Van Buren, Maria was of Dutch extraction. With Van Alen, Maria had had three children, including future Congressman James I. Van Alen. After their marriage, Abraham and Maria produced five children, including Martin. Unlike every other president before or since, Van Buren spoke English as a second language, and his primary language in his youth was Dutch.", "title": "Martin Van Buren" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ericka goes to a secret room on the lower decks where she meets Abraham Van Helsing, who is revealed to be her great - grandfather and is almost completely mechanised, to avoid death. Van Helsing has plans to eliminate all the monsters, in the cruise upon its arrival at the lost city of Atlantis using an Instrument of Destruction, that could be found in Atlantis's ruins. Van Helsing makes Ericka promise to not assassinate Dracula beforehand, but she repeatedly attempts to do so anyway, albeit unsuccessfully, much to her frustration. After failing to kill Dracula at an underwater volcano, Ericka moans about being unable to get him. Dracula's friends hear this, and thinking that Ericka likes him, inform Dracula about what they heard. Dracula nervously asks Ericka out on a date, and she accepts since she sees this as another chance to kill the vampire. However, as they dine on a deserted island, Ericka begins to fall in love with Drac, after they learn about each other's pasts.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Anita Van Buren is a fictional character on NBC's long-running police procedural and legal drama television series \"Law & Order\", portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson. Van Buren appeared in 390 episodes of \"Law & Order\". By episode count, she is the longest-running character on the original show. Van Buren appeared in 392 episodes within the franchise (390 of \"Law & Order\", the \"\" episode \"Badge\" and the \"\" episode \"Skeleton\") and \"\", and is the third longest-running regular character in the \"Law & Order\" franchise, behind Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and Donald Cragen (Dann Florek), and the fourth longest-character in the \"Law & Order\" universe, behind Benson (410 episodes in \"\"), Cragen (400 episodes in the franchise), and John Munch (Richard Belzer) (246 episodes in the franchise).", "title": "Anita Van Buren" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel \"Dracula\". Van Helsing is an aged polymath Dutch doctor with a wide range of interests and accomplishments, partly attested by the string of letters that follows his name: \"MD, D.Ph., D.Litt., etc.\", indicating a wealth of experience, education and expertise. The character is best known throughout many adaptations of the story as a vampire hunter and the archenemy of Count Dracula.", "title": "Abraham Van Helsing" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Van Helsing is a 2004 American - Czech horror film written and directed by Stephen Sommers. It stars Hugh Jackman as vigilante monster hunter Van Helsing, and Kate Beckinsale as Anna Valerious. The film is an homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and '40s (also produced by Universal Studios which were in turn based on novels by Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley), of which Sommers is a fan.", "title": "Van Helsing (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lew Moxon is a fictional character in the DC Comics Batman series. He is most famous for hiring Joe Chill to murder young Bruce Wayne's parents in early versions of Batman's origin story, thus making him indirectly responsible for Batman's existence.", "title": "Lew Moxon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valene ``Val ''Ewing (maiden name Clements, formerly Gibson, Waleska), portrayed by Joan Van Ark, is a fictional character in the CBS primetime soap opera Knots Landing, a spin - off from the long - running series Dallas, in which she also appeared. The character originated on Dallas in 1978 as the mother of Lucy Ewing and ex-wife of Gary Ewing (the second son of oil baron Jock and Miss Ellie Ewing). Van Ark made several guest appearances on Dallas before becoming one of the main stars of the spin - off Knots Landing in December 1979, though she continued to make small appearances in Dallas for the next several years. Van Ark played Valene in Knots Landing for thirteen of its fourteen seasons, which made her one of the show's longest running stars. The character made her last Knots Landing appearance in 1997, when she appeared in the reunion miniseries Knots Landing: Back to the Cul - de-Sac. In 2013, Van Ark reprised her character for the new, updated version of Dallas.", "title": "Valene Ewing" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Perry Mason is an American fictional character, a criminal defense lawyer who is the main character in works of detective fiction written by Erle Stanley Gardner. Perry Mason is featured in more than 80 novels and short stories, most of which involve a client's murder trial. Typically, Mason establishes his client's innocence (rather than a verdict of 'not guilty') by implicating another character, who then confesses.", "title": "Perry Mason" } ]	What character comes from the same book as Abraham Van Helsing?	Renfield	[]	Title: Andrew Van de Kamp Passage: Andrew Van de Kamp is a fictional character in the ABC television series "Desperate Housewives" played by Shawn Pyfrom, and is the son of one of the title characters, Bree Van de Kamp, and her first husband Rex Van de Kamp. Title: Abraham Van Helsing Passage: Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel "Dracula". Van Helsing is an aged polymath Dutch doctor with a wide range of interests and accomplishments, partly attested by the string of letters that follows his name: "MD, D.Ph., D.Litt., etc.", indicating a wealth of experience, education and expertise. The character is best known throughout many adaptations of the story as a vampire hunter and the archenemy of Count Dracula. Title: Dracula Passage: Harker's fiancée, Mina Murray, is staying with her friend Lucy Westenra, who is holidaying in Whitby. Lucy receives three marriage proposals from Dr. John Seward, Quincey Morris, and Arthur Holmwood (the son of Lord Godalming who later obtains the title himself). Lucy accepts Holmwood's proposal while turning down Seward and Morris, but all remain friends. Dracula communicates with Seward's patient, Renfield, an insane man who wishes to consume insects, spiders, birds, and rats to absorb their "life force". Renfield is able to detect Dracula's presence and supplies clues accordingly.	[ "Dracula", "Abraham Van Helsing" ]
2hop__788541_161223	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points.", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by elevation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Amuria is a town in the Eastern Region of Uganda. It is the chief municipal, administrative, and commercial center of Amuria District, in the Teso sub-region.", "title": "Amuria" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri.", "title": "Monte Solaro" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The country of Brazil occupies roughly half of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil covers a total area of 8,514,215 km (3,287,357 sq mi) which includes 8,456,510 km (3,265,080 sq mi) of land and 55,455 km (21,411 sq mi) of water. The highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,994 m (9,823 ft). Brazil is bordered by the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, and France (overseas department of France, French Guiana).", "title": "Geography of Brazil" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Korovin Volcano is the highest point on Atka Island in the Aleutian Islands chain Alaska, United States. Korovin is a side vent to the main Atka shield volcano. However, Korovin is the highest point on the island.", "title": "Korovin Volcano" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nassacher Höhe is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany. The highest point of the Hassberge. It is 512 m above NN.", "title": "Nassacher Höhe" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baraque Michel () is a locality in the municipality Jalhay, in the High Fens, eastern Belgium. Before the annexation of the Eastern Cantons by Belgium in 1919, it was the highest point of Belgium. Now it is the third highest point at , after the nearby Signal de Botrange () and the Weißer Stein ().", "title": "Baraque Michel" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cerro del Bolsón is a mountain in the Aconquija Range of Argentina, in Tucumán province. It is the highest point of a significant eastern spur of the main range of the Andes, east of the Puna de Atacama region. It lies about 200 kilometres east of Ojos del Salado, the highest point in the Puna de Atacama.", "title": "Cerro del Bolsón" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 2,501.9 metres above sea level, Säntis is the highest mountain in the Alpstein massif of northeastern Switzerland. It is also the culminating point of the whole Appenzell Alps, between Lake Walen and Lake Constance. Shared by three cantons, the mountain is a highly visible landmark thanks to its exposed northerly position within the Alpstein massif. As a consequence, houses called \"Säntisblick\" (English: \"Säntis view\") can be found in regions as far away as the Black Forest in Germany. Säntis is among the most prominent summits in the Alps and the most prominent summit in Europe with an observation deck on the top. The panorama from the summit is spectacular. Six countries can be seen if the weather allows: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, France, and Italy.", "title": "Säntis" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Teide (Spanish: Pico del Teide, pronounced (ˈpiko ðel ˈtei̯ðe), ``Teide Peak '') is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its 3,718 - metre (12,198 ft) summit is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic.", "title": "Teide" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chemin des Révoires is a pathway within Les Révoires district of the Principality of Monaco. It is the highest point in Monaco.", "title": "Chemin des Révoires" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thabana Ntlenyana, which literally means \"Beautiful little mountain\" in Sesotho, is the highest point in Lesotho and the highest mountain in southern Africa. It is situated on the Mohlesi ridge of the Drakensberg/Maloti Mountains, north of Sani Pass. It stands at high.", "title": "Thabana Ntlenyana" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monniaz is a village in the municipality of Jussy in Switzerland. At 513 metres it is highest place in the canton of Geneva and also its easternmost village. The highest point of the canton (516 m) is located north of Monniaz, near Les Arales (French border). It is also the lowest of the cantons' high points.", "title": "Monniaz" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Gabon, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. In Uganda however, it occurs at altitudes between 1,100 and 1,400 metres.", "title": "Green-breasted pitta" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lars Christensen Peak, also known as Lars Christensentoppen, is the highest point at on Peter I Island, off the coast of Antarctica.", "title": "Lars Christensen Peak" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dalhousie Mountain is a Canadian peak in the Cobequid Mountains and the highest elevation point in Pictou County, Nova Scotia.", "title": "Dalhousie Mountain" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punta Marguareis (It) or Pointe Marguareis (Fr) is a mountain in the Ligurian Alps, on the boundary between Italy and France; It is the highest peak of the Ligurian Alps.", "title": "Punta Marguareis" } ]	What is the highest point where the Green-breasted pitta is found, in the country where the town of Amuria is located?	1,400 metres	[]	Title: Amuria Passage: Amuria is a town in the Eastern Region of Uganda. It is the chief municipal, administrative, and commercial center of Amuria District, in the Teso sub-region. Title: Dalhousie Mountain Passage: Dalhousie Mountain is a Canadian peak in the Cobequid Mountains and the highest elevation point in Pictou County, Nova Scotia. Title: Green-breasted pitta Passage: It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Gabon, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. In Uganda however, it occurs at altitudes between 1,100 and 1,400 metres.	[ "Amuria", "Green-breasted pitta" ]
2hop__388013_45731	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monbijou Palace was a Rococo palace in central Berlin located in the present-day Monbijou Park on the north bank of the Spree river across from today's Bode Museum and within sight of the Hohenzollern city palace. Heavily damaged in World War II, the ruins were finally razed by the communist authorities of East Berlin in 1959. The palace has not been rebuilt.", "title": "Monbijou Palace" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harper is a ghost town located in Nine Mile Canyon in the southern part of Duchesne County, Utah, United States. This stagecoach town came into existence in 1886. The nearest inhabited town is Wellington. The remaining buildings are located mostly on private property and permission must be granted before accessing them.", "title": "Harper, Utah" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fielding Garr Ranch is a ranch located on the southeastern portion of Antelope Island State Park in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, United States and is part of the Utah State Parks system.", "title": "Fielding Garr Ranch" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goshen is a town in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 921 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Goshen, Utah" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Palace of Buddies are a Salt Lake City, Utah-based Lo-fi, Experimental Rock band, consisting of members, Timothy Myers and Nicholas Foster. Their sound is generated from the use of multiple analog synths, effects & amplifiers, de-tuned/alternate tuned guitars, live audio looping, reverberated percussion and odd timed rhythm patterns. Their live performances are matched with both members, at times, playing two instruments simultaneously which gives the effect of a 4-5 piece ensemble.", "title": "Palace of Buddies" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mountain Meadows Massacre Part of the Mormon wars Date September 7 -- 11, 1857 Location Mountain Meadows, Utah Territory, United States Deaths 120 -- 140 members of the Baker -- Fancher wagon train Non-fatal injuries Around 17 Accused Utah Territorial Militia (Iron County district), Paiute Native American auxiliaries Weapons Guns, Bowie knives", "title": "Mountain Meadows Massacre" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaysville is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 27,300 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 29,494 in 2014.", "title": "Kaysville, Utah" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WTOF (1110 AM, \"Tower of Faith\") is an American radio station licensed to serve Bay Minette, Alabama. The station is owned by Buddy Tucker Association, Inc. It airs a Christian radio format including syndicated Christian talk and Christian ministry plus Southern Gospel music.", "title": "WTOF" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spring Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in southern Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 458 at the 2010 census. It is an unincorporated part of Utah County, located just south of Payson and north of Santaquin.", "title": "Spring Lake, Utah" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Duncan's Retreat is a ghost town located just off Utah State Route 9 in the eastern part of Washington County, in southwestern Utah, United States. Lying some east of Virgin and just southwest of Zion National Park, Duncan's Retreat was inhabited about 1861–1895.", "title": "Duncan's Retreat, Utah" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, parts of the miniseries were to be filmed on location in Boulder, Colorado. After the passage of Colorado Amendment 2, which nullified local gay rights laws, the production was moved to Utah due to protests.", "title": "The Stand" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada).", "title": "Salt Lake City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thunderbird Park was a baseball venue in Cedar City, Utah, United States. It was home to the Southern Utah Thunderbirds baseball team. As part of the athletic program's move to the Big Sky Conference for the 2012-2013 season, Southern Utah's baseball program was discontinued. The venue had a capacity of 500 spectators.", "title": "Thunderbird Park (Cedar City)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) is an NCI-designated cancer research facility and hospital located on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is the only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Intermountain West.", "title": "Huntsman Cancer Institute" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal Palace Ward is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley, covering part of the Crystal Palace area and the entirety of Crystal Palace Park. It has an estimated population of 12,432 and is represented on the council by two councillors - Angela Wilkins and Richard Williams - both of which are affiliated to the Labour Party.", "title": "Crystal Palace (ward)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canaan Mountain Wilderness is a wilderness area in the US state of Utah. It was designated March 30, 2009, as part of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009. Located near the town of Hildale in southeastern Washington County, it borders Zion National Park to the north, Kane County to the east, and the state of Arizona to the south.", "title": "Canaan Mountain Wilderness" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xiyang Lou (), are ruins of 18th-century European-style imperial buildings on the grounds of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing, China. They are located in the northern part of the \"Changchun Yuan\" (Garden of Eternal Spring), one of the three gardens which once made up the Old Summer Palace, and cover an area of about 7 hectares.", "title": "Xiyang Lou" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fremont Indian State Park and Museum is a state park of Utah, US, which interprets archaeological remains of the Fremont culture. The park is located in Sevier County, Utah in the Clear Creek Canyon.", "title": "Fremont Indian State Park and Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin is a census-designated place (CDP) in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,145 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Benjamin, Utah" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Utah Symphony is an American orchestra based in Salt Lake City, Utah. The orchestra's principal venue is Abravanel Hall. In addition to its Salt Lake City subscription concerts, the orchestra travels around the Intermountain West serving communities throughout Utah. The orchestra accompanies the Utah Opera in four productions per year at Salt Lake's Capitol Theatre. In addition, the Utah Symphony and Utah Opera have a summer residency at the Deer Valley Music Festival, located in Park City, Utah. The orchestra receives funding from the Utah State Legislature for educational concerts.", "title": "Utah Symphony" } ]	What part of Utah is the city Palace of Buddies formed?	Salt Lake City metropolitan area	[]	Title: Palace of Buddies Passage: Palace of Buddies are a Salt Lake City, Utah-based Lo-fi, Experimental Rock band, consisting of members, Timothy Myers and Nicholas Foster. Their sound is generated from the use of multiple analog synths, effects & amplifiers, de-tuned/alternate tuned guitars, live audio looping, reverberated percussion and odd timed rhythm patterns. Their live performances are matched with both members, at times, playing two instruments simultaneously which gives the effect of a 4-5 piece ensemble. Title: Salt Lake City Passage: Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada). Title: Crystal Palace (ward) Passage: Crystal Palace Ward is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley, covering part of the Crystal Palace area and the entirety of Crystal Palace Park. It has an estimated population of 12,432 and is represented on the council by two councillors - Angela Wilkins and Richard Williams - both of which are affiliated to the Labour Party.	[ "Palace of Buddies", "Salt Lake City" ]
2hop__20862_261307	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Relight My Fire ''is a popular song which was written and released by Dan Hartman in 1979, when it topped the US dance music charts for six weeks. It was also performed by Costa Anadiotis' band Café Society in 1984 and British boy band Take That (with Lulu in a featured role) in 1993.", "title": "Relight My Fire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles. Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools. Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter. Indian dance also features diverse folk and classical forms. Among the better-known folk dances are the bhangra of Punjab, the bihu of Assam, the Jhumair and chhau of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal, garba and dandiya of Gujarat, ghoomar of Rajasthan, and the lavani of Maharashtra. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Odisha, and the sattriya of Assam. Theatre in India melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue. Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of Gujarat, the jatra of West Bengal, the nautanki and ramlila of North India, tamasha of Maharashtra, burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh, terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the yakshagana of Karnataka. India has a theatre training institute NSD that is situated at New Delhi It is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.", "title": "India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don Cusic (born November 13, 1948 in Leonardtown, Maryland) is an American biographer, writer on music, historian of United States American popular music, songwriter, and record producer. He is the author of 25 books, most of them related to country music.", "title": "Don Cusic" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, and an upsurge of interest in club culture, EDM acquired mainstream popularity in Europe. In the United States at that time acceptance of dance culture was not universal, and although both Electro and Chicago house music were hugely influential both in Europe and the USA, mainstream media outlets, and the record industry, remained hostile to EDM. There was also a perceived association between EDM and drug culture which led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture.", "title": "Electronic dance music" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. Pearl is a New York-based American singer signed to Simply Delicious record label which is part of Strictly Rhythm Musical Group. Her music is described as \"electro house\" dance music.", "title": "J. Pearl" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anthony Gatto (born in Brooklyn, New York), is an American composer of music for theater, dance, film, opera, and concert music. He is also the founder of \"The Festival Dancing in Your Head\", held at the Walker Art Center, dedicated to the music, ideas, and influences of Ornette Coleman.", "title": "Anthony Gatto (composer)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's \"Charleston Rag\" and later James P. Johnson's \"The Charleston\", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s. \"Ballin' the Jack\", which was a popular dance in the years before \"The Charleston\", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another legacy of the show is the popularity of the Hawaii Five - O theme music. The tune was composed by Morton Stevens, who also composed numerous episode scores performed by the CBS Orchestra. The theme was later recorded by the Ventures, whose version reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart, and is particularly popular with college and high school marching bands, especially at the University of Hawaii where it has become the unofficial fight song. The tune has also been heard at Robertson Stadium after Houston Dynamo goals scored by Brian Ching, a native of Hawaii. Because of the tempo of the music, the theme gained popularity in the UK with followers of Northern soul and was popular on dance floors in the 1970s.", "title": "Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1999, Iglesias had begun a successful crossover career into the English language music market. Thanks to other successful crossover acts, most notably that of Ricky Martin and Gloria Estefan, Latino artists and music had a great surge in popularity in mainstream music. After attending one of his concerts in March 1999, Will Smith asked Iglesias to contribute to the soundtrack of his movie Wild Wild West. His contribution \"Bailamos\" was released as a single and became a number one hit in the US.", "title": "Enrique Iglesias" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that with her self-titled debut album, Madonna began her career as a disco diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of. In the beginning of the '80's, disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, and according to Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music. The album's songs reveal several key trends that have continued to define her success, including a strong dance-based idiom, catchy hooks, highly polished arrangements and Madonna's own vocal style. Her second album, Like a Virgin (1984), foreshadowed several trends in her later works. It contained references to classical works (pizzicato synthesizer line that opens \"Angel\"); potential negative reaction from social groups (\"Dress You Up\" was blacklisted by the Parents Music Resource Center); and retro styles (\"Shoo-Bee-Doo\", Madonna's homage to Motown).", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, \"bedroom\" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Madonna is a biography by English author Andrew Morton, chronicling the life of American recording artist Madonna. The book was released in November 2001 by St. Martin's Press in the United States and in April 2002 by Michael O'Mara Books in the United Kingdom. Morton decided to write a biography on Madonna in 2000. The release was announced in April 2001 by St. Martin's Press. President and publisher Sally Richardson described the biography to contain details about Madonna's ambitions, her relationships and her lifestyle.", "title": "Madonna (book)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dance Aerobics, released in Japan as , is a music video game published in February 1987 by Bandai as the third game in Bandai's \"Family Trainer\" series. It was designed for use with NES' 3x4 dance mat, the Power Pad, making it similar to the rhythm game genre - a genre that would later explode into the mainstream gaming market at the tail end of the 1990s. Dance Aerobics was published in Japan by Bandai and in North America by Nintendo.", "title": "Dance Aerobics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many adaptations of the instrument have been done to cater to the special needs of Indian Carnatic music. In Indian classical music and Indian light music, the mandolin, which bears little resemblance to the European mandolin, is usually tuned E-B-E-B. As there is no concept of absolute pitch in Indian classical music, any convenient tuning maintaining these relative pitch intervals between the strings can be used. Another prevalent tuning with these intervals is C-G-C-G, which corresponds to Sa-Pa-Sa-Pa in the Indian carnatic classical music style. This tuning corresponds to the way violins are tuned for carnatic classical music. This type of mandolin is also used in Bhangra, dance music popular in Punjabi culture.", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.", "title": "Bob Kames" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Buckwheat Boyz was an American musical group founded by Marcus Bowens and Jermaine Fuller, with the later addition of J.J. O'Neal and Dougy Williams. The Buckwheat Boyz were signed by Koch Records, and recorded their first and only full - length record. From this self - titled album, the song ``Peanut Butter Jelly Time ''became popular on the Internet after a flash music video featuring an animated dancing banana was created. The popularity of the song increased as it was featured on television shows such as The Proud Family, Family Guy, and Regular Show.", "title": "Buckwheat Boyz" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "' () is a group of various folk dances characterized by a fast upbeat tempo, usually in time (sometimes or ), accompanied by tambourines. It is among the most recognized forms of traditional southern Italian music. The specific dance-name varies with every region, for instance \"tammurriata\" in Campania, \"pizzica\" in the Salento region, \"Sonu a ballu\" in Calabria. Tarantella is popular in Southern Italy and Argentina. The term may appear as ' in a linguistically masculine construction.", "title": "Tarantella" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; \"it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.\" The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dance 86.4 (pronounced \"Dance Yaroyo\", which loosely translates to \"Let's Dance\") Funky Radio Station is a music video game produced by Konami in 2005. It is part of the Bemani collection of music games.", "title": "Dance 86.4 Funky Radio Station" } ]	Who is the author of the book about the recording artist who popularized dance music as mainstream music?	Andrew Morton	[]	Title: Madonna (book) Passage: Madonna is a biography by English author Andrew Morton, chronicling the life of American recording artist Madonna. The book was released in November 2001 by St. Martin's Press in the United States and in April 2002 by Michael O'Mara Books in the United Kingdom. Morton decided to write a biography on Madonna in 2000. The release was announced in April 2001 by St. Martin's Press. President and publisher Sally Richardson described the biography to contain details about Madonna's ambitions, her relationships and her lifestyle. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that with her self-titled debut album, Madonna began her career as a disco diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of. In the beginning of the '80's, disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, and according to Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music. The album's songs reveal several key trends that have continued to define her success, including a strong dance-based idiom, catchy hooks, highly polished arrangements and Madonna's own vocal style. Her second album, Like a Virgin (1984), foreshadowed several trends in her later works. It contained references to classical works (pizzicato synthesizer line that opens "Angel"); potential negative reaction from social groups ("Dress You Up" was blacklisted by the Parents Music Resource Center); and retro styles ("Shoo-Bee-Doo", Madonna's homage to Motown). Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.	[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "Madonna (book)" ]
2hop__774494_47348	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A century after the 1871 Act, the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which currently regulates bank holidays in the UK, was passed. The majority of the current bank holidays were specified in the 1971 Act: however New Year's Day and May Day were not introduced throughout the whole of the UK until 1974 and 1978 respectively. The date of the August bank holiday was changed from the first Monday in August to the last Monday in August, and the Whitsun bank holiday (Whit Monday) was replaced by the Late Spring Bank Holiday, fixed as the last Monday in May. In 1978 the first Monday in May in the rest of the UK, and the final Monday of May in Scotland, were designated as bank holidays.", "title": "Bank holiday" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "XPL0 is based on PL/0, an example compiler in the book \"Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs\" by Niklaus Wirth. The first XPL0 compiler was written in ALGOL. It generated instructions for a pseudo-machine that was implemented as an interpreter on a Digital Group computer based on the 6502 microprocessor. The compiler was converted from ALGOL to XPL0 and was then able to compile itself and run on a microcomputer.", "title": "XPL0" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The chip design started in April 1970, when Federico Faggin joined Intel, and it was completed under his leadership in January 1971. The first commercial sale of the fully operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and built as a custom chip. In mid-November of the same year, with the prophetic ad ``Announcing a new era in integrated electronics '', the 4004 was made commercially available to the general market. The 4004 was the first commercially available monolithic CPU, fully integrated in one small chip. Such a feat of integration was made possible by the use of the then - new silicon gate technology for integrated circuits, originally developed by Faggin (with Tom Klein) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, which allowed twice the number of random - logic transistors and an increase in speed by a factor of five compared to the incumbent MOS aluminum gate technology. Faggin also invented the bootstrap load with silicon gate and the`` buried contact'', improving speed and circuit density compared with aluminum gate.", "title": "Intel 4004" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iOS 11 was introduced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference keynote address on June 5, 2017. The first developer beta version was released after the keynote presentation, with the first public beta released on June 26, 2017.", "title": "IOS 11" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the late 1960s, designers were striving to integrate the central processing unit (CPU) functions of a computer onto a handful of MOS LSI chips, called microprocessor unit (MPU) chipsets. Building on an earlier Busicom design from 1969, Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor, the 4 - bit Intel 4004, in 1971, followed by its 8 - bit microprocessor 8008 in 1972. In 1969, Lee Boysel, b 8 - bit arithmetic logic units (3800 / 3804) he designed earlier at Fairchild, created the Four - Phase Systems Inc. AL - 1, an 8 - bit CPU slice that was expandable to 32 - bits. In 1970, Steve Geller and Ray Holt of Garrett AiResearch designed the MP944 chipset to implement the F - 14A Central Air Data Computer on six metal-gate chips fabricated by AMI.", "title": "Microprocessor" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DECmate was the name of a series of PDP-8-compatible computers produced by the Digital Equipment Corporation in the late 1970s and early 1980s. All of the models used an Intersil 6100 (later known as the Harris 6100) or Harris 6120 (an improved Intersil 6100) microprocessor which emulated the 12-bit DEC PDP-8 CPU. They were text-only and used the OS/78 or OS/278 operating systems, which were extensions of OS/8 for the PDP-8. Aimed at the word processing market, they typically ran the WPS-8 word-processing program. Later models optionally had Intel 8080 or Z80 microprocessors which allowed them to run CP/M. The range was a development of the VT78 which was introduced in July 1977.", "title": "DECmate" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pentium III (marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII) brand refers to Intel's 32 - bit x86 desktop and mobile microprocessors based on the sixth - generation P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 26, 1999. The brand's initial processors were very similar to the earlier Pentium II - branded microprocessors. The most notable differences were the addition of the SSE instruction set (to accelerate floating point and parallel calculations), and the introduction of a controversial serial number embedded in the chip during the manufacturing process.", "title": "Pentium III" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, instant noodles were first available by Nissin Foods in 1971. In 1972, Nissin Foods introduced ``Nissin Cup Noodles ''in a foam food cup, which led to an upsurge in popularity. Soon after, many other competing companies were offering similar instant noodle products.", "title": "Instant noodle" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maharashtra was the first state to introduce the institution of Lokayukta through The Lokayukta and Upa - Lokayuktas Act in 1971. This was followed by similar acts that were enacted by the states of Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Delhi.", "title": "Lokayukta" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1971 -- Swamp Rat XIV (or Swamp Rat 1 - R), first successful rear - engined dragster, built by Don Garlits; Ed Donovan introduces the 417 Donovan hemi, an aluminum copy of the Chrysler", "title": "Dragster (car)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first cooling systems for food involved using ice. Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and developed in the early 1800s. In 1834, the first working vapor - compression refrigeration system was built. The first commercial ice - making machine was invented in 1854. In 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self - contained unit. The introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s. Home freezers as separate compartments (larger than necessary just for ice cubes) were introduced in 1940. Frozen foods, previously a luxury item, became commonplace.", "title": "Refrigerator" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Silvermont is a microarchitecture for low-power Atom, Celeron and Pentium branded processors used in systems on a chip (SoCs) made by Intel. Silvermont forms the basis for a total of four SoC families:", "title": "Silvermont" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Honda CBR900RR, also known as the FireBlade in some countries, is a 900 cc sport bike, part of the CBR series introduced in 1992 by Honda. It was the first of a series of large-displacement Honda models to carry the RR suffix. The development of the first generation CBR900RR was led by Tadao Baba.", "title": "Honda CBR900RR" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. IBM also provided the microprocessor that serves as the heart of Nintendo's new Wii U system, which debuted in 2012. The new Power Architecture-based microprocessor includes IBM's latest technology in an energy-saving silicon package. Nintendo's seventh-generation console, Wii, features an IBM chip codenamed Broadway. The older Nintendo GameCube utilizes the Gekko processor, also designed by IBM.", "title": "IBM" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baileys Irish Cream was created by Gilbeys of Ireland, a division of International Distillers & Vintners, as it searched for something to introduce to the international market. The process of finding a product began in 1971 and it was introduced in 1974 as the first Irish cream on the market. The Baileys name was granted permission by John Chesterman after Gilbeys asked to use the name from a restaurant that John Chesterman owned. The fictional R.A. Bailey signature was inspired by the Bailey's Hotel in London, though the registered trademark omits the apostrophe. Baileys is produced in Dublin and Mallusk (Northern Ireland).", "title": "Baileys Irish Cream" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The development of the cavity magnetron in the UK made possible the production of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves). American engineer Percy Spencer is generally credited with inventing the modern microwave oven after World War II from radar technology developed during the war. Named the ``Radarange '', it was first sold in 1946. Raytheon later licensed its patents for a home - use microwave oven that was first introduced by Tappan in 1955, but these units were still too large and expensive for general home use. Sharp Corporation introduced the first microwave oven with a turntable between 1964 and 1966. The countertop microwave oven was first introduced in 1967 by the Amana Corporation. After Sharp introduced low - cost microwave ovens affordable for residential use in the late 1970s, their use spread into commercial and residential kitchens around the world. In addition to their use in cooking food, types of microwave ovens are used for heating in many industrial processes.", "title": "Microwave oven" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, while Singapore and Brunei are affluent developed economies. The rest of Southeast Asia is still heavily dependent on agriculture, but Vietnam is notably making steady progress in developing its industrial sectors. The region notably manufactures textiles, electronic high-tech goods such as microprocessors and heavy industrial products such as automobiles. Oil reserves in Southeast Asia are plentiful.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor. While the subject of exactly which device was the first microprocessor is contentious, partly due to lack of agreement on the exact definition of the term \"microprocessor\", it is largely undisputed that the first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed and realized by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor at Intel.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thompson shell is the first Unix shell, introduced in the first version of Unix in 1971, and was written by Ken Thompson.", "title": "Thompson shell" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mitsubishi Colt 800 is the first of a series of passenger cars with a fastback/hatchback design produced by Mitsubishi Motors from November 1965. It was introduced as a two-door fastback sedan, the first such design in the Japanese market. The series was discontinued in 1971, after the introduction of the company's Galant sedan but without a real replacement.", "title": "Mitsubishi Colt 800" } ]	In 1971, who introduced the first microprocessor for the company that developed Silvermont?	Federico Faggin	[]	Title: Silvermont Passage: Silvermont is a microarchitecture for low-power Atom, Celeron and Pentium branded processors used in systems on a chip (SoCs) made by Intel. Silvermont forms the basis for a total of four SoC families: Title: Microprocessor Passage: By the late 1960s, designers were striving to integrate the central processing unit (CPU) functions of a computer onto a handful of MOS LSI chips, called microprocessor unit (MPU) chipsets. Building on an earlier Busicom design from 1969, Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor, the 4 - bit Intel 4004, in 1971, followed by its 8 - bit microprocessor 8008 in 1972. In 1969, Lee Boysel, b 8 - bit arithmetic logic units (3800 / 3804) he designed earlier at Fairchild, created the Four - Phase Systems Inc. AL - 1, an 8 - bit CPU slice that was expandable to 32 - bits. In 1970, Steve Geller and Ray Holt of Garrett AiResearch designed the MP944 chipset to implement the F - 14A Central Air Data Computer on six metal-gate chips fabricated by AMI. Title: Intel 4004 Passage: The chip design started in April 1970, when Federico Faggin joined Intel, and it was completed under his leadership in January 1971. The first commercial sale of the fully operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and built as a custom chip. In mid-November of the same year, with the prophetic ad ``Announcing a new era in integrated electronics '', the 4004 was made commercially available to the general market. The 4004 was the first commercially available monolithic CPU, fully integrated in one small chip. Such a feat of integration was made possible by the use of the then - new silicon gate technology for integrated circuits, originally developed by Faggin (with Tom Klein) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, which allowed twice the number of random - logic transistors and an increase in speed by a factor of five compared to the incumbent MOS aluminum gate technology. Faggin also invented the bootstrap load with silicon gate and the`` buried contact'', improving speed and circuit density compared with aluminum gate.	[ "Intel 4004", "Silvermont" ]
3hop1__525731_780678_366897	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Remo Forlani (1927–2009) was a French writer and screenwriter born in Paris to a French mother and an Italian immigrant father.", "title": "Remo Forlani" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.", "title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Kingdom of Norway, the ambassador, however, is also accredited to the Republic of Iceland. The chancery is located at Olav Kyrres Plass 1, Oslo.", "title": "Embassy of Poland in Oslo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Fago began his cinema career in 1959 as assistant director of, among others, Mario Monicelli, Camillo Mastrocinque, Vittorio De Sica, Renato Castellani, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Lucio Fulci. In 1967 he became a director, consecutively filming three spaghetti westerns, \"Per 100.000 dollari ti ammazzo\", \"Uno di più all'inferno\" and \"O' Cangaçeiro\". During the 1970s and the 1980s he focused primarily on television works.", "title": "Giovanni Fago" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Clayton Henrie (/ ˈhɛnri / HEN - ree; born July 11, 1989) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. He is noted for playing Ted Mosby's future son Luke on How I Met Your Mother and Justin Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place, as well as starring in the films in Little Boy and Walt Before Mickey.", "title": "David Henrie" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.", "title": "Germany–Norway relations" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hippolyte Girardot (born Frédéric Girardot; 10 October 1955) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter. He is the father of actress Ana Girardot.", "title": "Hippolyte Girardot" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fathers and Sons ( and also known as \"A Tailor's Maid\") is a 1957 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. At the 7th Berlin International Film Festival Monicelli won the Silver Bear for Best Director award.", "title": "Fathers and Sons (1957 film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dennis Michael Crosby (July 13, 1934 – May 4, 1991) was an American singer and occasional actor, the son of singer and actor Bing Crosby and his first wife Dixie Lee, and twin brother of Phillip Crosby. He was the father of actress Denise Crosby and screenwriter/film producer Gregory Crosby (\"Hacksaw Ridge\").", "title": "Dennis Crosby" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the \"Epic of Gilgamesh\", Ninsun is depicted as a human queen who lives in Uruk with her son as king. Since the father of Gilgamesh was former king Lugalbanda, it stands to reason that Ninsun procreated with Lugalbanda to give birth. She assists her son in his adventure by providing him with the meanings of his dream in the beginning.", "title": "Ninsun" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leo Fleider (October 12, 1913 in Hermanowa, Poland - August 5, 1977 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Polish born Argentine film director and screenwriter, and one of the influential directors in the Cinema of Argentina of the classic era.", "title": "Leo Fleider" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1906 San Francisco, Frisco Jenny Sandoval (Ruth Chatterton), a denizen of the notorious Tenderloin district, wants to marry piano player Dan McAllister (James Murray), but her saloonkeeper father Jim (Robert Emmett O'Connor) is adamantly opposed to it. An earthquake kills both men and devastates the city. In the aftermath, Jenny gives birth to a son, whom she names Dan.", "title": "Frisco Jenny" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pierre Goldman was born near the end of World War II, the illegitimate son of Alter Mojze Goldman and Janine Sochaczewska, who were active in the FTP-MOI Resistance movement. After the liberation of France, his parents separated, and his father, in concert with a group of former FTP-MOI members, kidnapped him. At that time, Alter said that he took Pierre so that he would not grow up in the country that had seen the elimination of so many Jews. Thereafter, he had only sporadic contact with his mother, who returned to Poland.", "title": "Pierre Goldman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of Irene (née Roth) and Richard Pipes, Daniel Pipes was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1949. His parents had each fled German-occupied Poland with their families, and they met in the United States. His father, Richard Pipes, was a historian at Harvard University, specializing in Russia, and Daniel Pipes grew up primarily in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area.", "title": "Daniel Pipes" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Son Sann was born at Phnom Penh in 1911. Son Sann's family was of Khmer Krom background; both of his parents came from wealthy landowning families in Trà Vinh Province, Vietnam. Son Sann's father, Son Sach moved to Cambodia prior to Son Sann's birth to serve as an official for Sisowath Souphanouvong, a brother of King Monivong. Son Sann studied in Phnom Penh and later Paris, where he graduated from the École des Hautes Études Commerciales in 1933. He briefly spent time in London, learning English in the process. Having returned to Cambodia in 1935 he joined the Civil Service, serving in the provinces of Prey Veng and later Battambang where he was in charge of trade. Son Sann was also a member of a Cambodian economic mission to Tokyo in 1941.", "title": "Son Sann" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Filosseno Luzzatto (Philoxene) (July 10, 1829 at Trieste – January 25, 1854 at Padua) was an Italian Jewish scholar; son of Samuel David Luzzatto. His name is the Italian equivalent of the title of one of his father's principal works, \"Oheb Ger,\" which was written at the time of Filosseno's birth.", "title": "Filosseno Luzzatto" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family. However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations. The Gryszpan's son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time. When he learned of what was happening, he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath, who died shortly afterwards.", "title": "Hanover" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pérez de Cuéllar joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1940 and the diplomatic service in 1944, serving subsequently as Secretary at Peru's embassy in France, where he met and married his first wife, Yvette Roberts (died Lisbon, 2013). He also held posts in the United Kingdom, Bolivia, and Brazil, and later served as ambassador to Switzerland, the Soviet Union, Poland, and Venezuela. From his first marriage, he has a son, Francisco, born in Paris, and a daughter, Águeda Cristina, born in London.", "title": "Javier Pérez de Cuéllar" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.", "title": "Embassy of Armenia, London" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" } ]	In what country is the Polish Embassy that is in the birth city of the screenwriter of Fathers and Sons?	Italian Republic	[]	Title: Fathers and Sons (1957 film) Passage: Fathers and Sons ( and also known as "A Tailor's Maid") is a 1957 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. At the 7th Berlin International Film Festival Monicelli won the Silver Bear for Best Director award. Title: Embassy of Poland, Rome Passage: The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome. Title: Giovanni Fago Passage: Born in Rome, Fago began his cinema career in 1959 as assistant director of, among others, Mario Monicelli, Camillo Mastrocinque, Vittorio De Sica, Renato Castellani, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Lucio Fulci. In 1967 he became a director, consecutively filming three spaghetti westerns, "Per 100.000 dollari ti ammazzo", "Uno di più all'inferno" and "O' Cangaçeiro". During the 1970s and the 1980s he focused primarily on television works.	[ "Embassy of Poland, Rome", "Giovanni Fago", "Fathers and Sons (1957 film)" ]
2hop__33326_46042	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Robertson Nature Reserve is a protected rainforest nature reserve that is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The reserve is situated near on the edge of the Illawarra Escarpment and is a remnant of the \"Yarrawa Brush\", once in size.", "title": "Robertson Nature Reserve" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest, also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses , of which are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan; it was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly (zipping along) when senders use the code in the postal address. The basic format consists of five digits. An extended 'ZIP + 4' code was introduced in 1983 which includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, followed by a hyphen and four additional digits that determine a more specific location.", "title": "ZIP Code" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain ``Amazonas ''in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name \"Colorado\" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest - lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years.", "title": "New Mexico Territory" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bounds Lott is a historic home located west of Allen in Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. It consists of the original four-bay, -story dwelling with three small additions; two having been moved from Sussex County, Delaware. The additions were remodeled in their new location in 1975.", "title": "Bounds Lott" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Virgin Islands (USVI; also called the American Virgin Islands), officially the Virgin Islands of the United States, is a group of islands in the Caribbean and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.", "title": "United States Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100. However, simulations of Amazon basin climate change across many different models are not consistent in their estimation of any rainfall response, ranging from weak increases to strong decreases. The result indicates that the rainforest could be threatened though the 21st century by climate change in addition to deforestation.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the English arrived, the colony somewhat vaguely included claims to all of the present U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Vermont, along with inland portions of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Maine in addition to eastern Pennsylvania. Much of this land was soon reassigned by the crown, leaving the territory of the modern State of New York, including the valleys of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, and future Vermont. The territory of western New York was disputed with the Iroquois Indian nation, and also disputed between the English and the French from their northern colonial province of New France (modern eastern Canada). Vermont was disputed with the Province of New Hampshire to the east.", "title": "Province of New York" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States. An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territories surrounding it as the 51st state in the Union. The American State of Canaan, is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia, political science and sociologist, in March 2009, proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late 1945, Shidehara appointed Jōji Matsumoto, state minister without portfolio, head of a blue - ribbon committee of Constitutional scholars to suggest revisions. The Matsumoto Commission's recommendations (ja: 松本試案), made public in February 1946, were quite conservative as ``no more than a touching - up of the Meiji Constitution ''). MacArthur rejected them outright and ordered his staff to draft a completely new document. An additional reason for this was that on 24 January 1946, Prime Minister Shidehara had suggested to MacArthur that the new Constitution should contain an article renouncing war.", "title": "Constitution of Japan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) since 1963. The term ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan; it was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly (zipping along) when senders use the code in the postal address. The basic format consists of five digits. An extended 'ZIP + 4' code was introduced in 1983 which includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, followed by a hyphen and four additional digits that reference a more specific location.", "title": "ZIP Code" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain ``Amazonas ''in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain \"Amazonas\" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "El Yunque National Rainforest is located on the slopes of the Sierra de Luquillo mountains, encompassing 28,000 acres (43.753 mi or 113.32 km) of land, making it the largest block of public land in Puerto Rico.", "title": "El Yunque National Forest" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and France (French Guiana). States or departments in four nations contain \"Amazonas\" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" } ]	where is the rainforest located in the territory that has been suggested as a new addition to the United States?	slopes of the Sierra de Luquillo mountains	[ "Sierra de Luquillo" ]	Title: 51st state Passage: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state. Title: El Yunque National Forest Passage: El Yunque National Rainforest is located on the slopes of the Sierra de Luquillo mountains, encompassing 28,000 acres (43.753 mi or 113.32 km) of land, making it the largest block of public land in Puerto Rico. Title: Amazon rainforest Passage: The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain ``Amazonas ''in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.	[ "51st state", "El Yunque National Forest" ]
2hop__759398_53752	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Sing for the Moment ''contains samples of the song`` Dream On'' by the rock band Aerosmith. Joe Perry plays the guitar solo at the end of the song, and a sample of Steven Tyler singing is used as the chorus for this song. Eminem chants ``sing ''when Tyler starts to sing the chorus, and Eminem also chants`` sing with me'' and ``come on ''. Eminem says the words in his live performances as well. The beginning of the song samples the intro of`` Dream On''. ``Sing for the Moment ''was later released on Eminem's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits (2005).", "title": "Sing for the Moment" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Easter Parade is a 1948 American musical film starring Judy Garland, Fred Astaire and Peter Lawford, featuring music by Irving Berlin, including some of Astaire and Garland's best-known songs, such as \"Easter Parade\", \"Steppin' Out with My Baby\", and \"We're a Couple of Swells\".", "title": "Easter Parade (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Montana School of Journalism is located at the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana, and is one of the oldest accredited journalism programs in the United States.", "title": "University of Montana School of Journalism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Know What I Like\" is a song performed by Huey Lewis and the News and released as a single from the album \"Fore!\" in 1987. The single peaked at number nine on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Like the earlier single, \"Hip to Be Square\", \"I Know What I Like\" featured background performances by then-San Francisco 49ers, Dwight Clark, Riki Ellison, Ronnie Lott, and Joe Montana.", "title": "I Know What I Like" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Lloyd DePratu (July 21, 1939 – January 31, 2014), was an American politician. DePratu served in the Montana State Senate from 1995 to 2004, representing Whitefish, Montana. He was a member and chairman of the Senate Taxation Committee. He was born in Eureka, Montana and died at a hospital in Whitefish, Montana after a long illness in 2014.", "title": "Bob DePratu" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for \"Gold and Silver\", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, \"Montana Lullaby\", adopted in 2007.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steppin' Out is an album by organist Jack McDuff recorded between 1961 and 1966 and released on the Prestige label.", "title": "Steppin' Out (Jack McDuff album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being \"under the influence.\" Stone disclosed in his book \"Where's Harry\" that most of this \"arguing\" was staged, and usually a ploy developed by Harry himself to add flavor to the broadcast. The Cubs still have a \"guest conductor\", usually a celebrity, lead the crowd in singing \"Take me out to the ballgame\" during the 7th inning stretch to honor Caray's memory.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bradford Friends Meetinghouse, also known as Marshallton Meeting House, is a historic Quaker meeting house located at Marshallton in West Bradford Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1764-1765, and is a one-story, stone structure with a gable roof. A porch was added to two sides of the building in the 19th century. The interior is divided into four rooms, rather than the customary two. Abraham Marshall, father of botanist Humphry Marshall was instrumental in the establishment of the meeting in the 1720s. The meeting originally met from 1722 to 1727 at the Marshall home, Derbydown Homestead, from 1722 to 1727.", "title": "Bradford Friends Meetinghouse" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Meet Me in Montana ''is a song written by Paul Davis, and recorded by American country music artists Dan Seals and Marie Osmond. It was released in July 1985 as the lead - off single from Seals' album Wo n't Be Blue Anymore, and the second single from Osmond's 1985 album There's No Stopping Your Heart.", "title": "Meet Me in Montana" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state song was not composed until 21 years after statehood, when a musical troupe led by Joseph E. Howard stopped in Butte in September 1910. A former member of the troupe who lived in Butte buttonholed Howard at an after-show party, asking him to compose a song about Montana and got another partygoer, the city editor for the Butte Miner newspaper, Charles C. Cohan, to help. The two men worked up a basic melody and lyrics in about a half-hour for the entertainment of party guests, then finished the song later that evening, with an arrangement worked up the following day. Upon arriving in Helena, Howard's troupe performed 12 encores of the new song to an enthusiastic audience and the governor proclaimed it the state song on the spot, though formal legislative recognition did not occur until 1945. Montana is one of only three states to have a \"state ballad\", \"Montana Melody\", chosen by the legislature in 1983. Montana was the first state to also adopt a State Lullaby.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Looking Through Your Eyes\" is the lead single for the by American country pop recording artist LeAnn Rimes. The song placed at number four on the Adult Contemporary charts, number 18 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 38 in the UK. The song was also featured on Rimes' album \"Sittin' on Top of the World\". The song was performed on screen as a duet by The Corrs with Bryan White. Andrea Corr provided the singing voice for the female lead of Kayley and Bryan White provided the singing voice for the male lead of Garrett. It was also performed by David Foster as an instrumental on the soundtrack.", "title": "Looking Through Your Eyes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Montana Forever is the soundtrack album for the fourth and final season of the television series \"Hannah Montana\", released on October 15, 2010 by Walt Disney Records. All eleven tracks are performed by its primary actress Miley Cyrus, and are credited to her character Hannah Montana. Recording artists Billy Ray Cyrus, Iyaz, and Sheryl Crow appear as featured vocalists. The soundtrack is primarily a pop record, which sees additional influences from teen pop, pop rock, power pop, dance-pop, and country pop musical styles.", "title": "Hannah Montana Forever" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song is noted for its dreamy qualities brought on by the soft guitars, smooth rhythm, and Jagger's lilting refrain of ``doo - doo - doo '''s. Stones - recording veteran Nicky Hopkins performs the track's running piano. The Stones hired jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins to perform the solo on this song, as well as two others on the album. On his addition to the track, Jagger said in 1985:", "title": "Waiting on a Friend" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lynelle Jonsson is an American singer, dancer and stage actress. In 2004, and again in 2005, she was Miss USO and joined the Metropolitan New York USO Troupe of performers. She performed with the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players and in other theatre and opera companies before concentrating, from 2010, in concert singing.", "title": "Lynelle Jonsson" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Steppin' Stone is the eighth solo studio album by American country music singer Marie Osmond. It was her fourth studio album issued on Capitol/Curb records. It was released in 1989.", "title": "Steppin' Stone (album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the Heart Sings (Spanish:Cuando canta el corazón) is a 1941 Argentine musical drama film directed by Richard Harlan and starring Hugo del Carril, Aída Luz and José Olarra. A man from a wealthy background meets and marries an actress despite fierce opposition from his family.", "title": "When the Heart Sings" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb. James Babson provides Stratton's speaking and singing voice.", "title": "The Greatest Showman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The theme song for Hannah Montana is \"The Best of Both Worlds\" written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, produced by Gerrard and performed by Miley Cyrus (as Hannah Montana). John Carta, who also composed the music cues to signify scene changes and commercial breaks for the first season, composed the music for the song. The song's lyrics describe the basic premise of the television series.", "title": "Hannah Montana" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Supergirl\" is a pop song by American recording artist and actress Miley Cyrus, performing as Hannah Montana – the alter ego of Miley Stewart – a character she played on the Disney Channel television series \"Hannah Montana\". The song was written by Kara DioGuardi, in collaboration with Daniel James, and produced by Dreamlab. \"Supergirl\" was released on August 28, 2009, by Walt Disney Records as the lead and only single from the series' third soundtrack, \"Hannah Montana 3\". A karaoke version is available in \"Disney's Karaoke Series: Hannah Montana 3\". The song is characterized by dance-pop elements in its musical composition and contains lyrics regarding the lows of pop stardom.", "title": "Supergirl (Hannah Montana song)" } ]	Who sings Meet Me in Montana with the performer of Steppin' Stone?	Dan Seals	[]	Title: Hannah Montana Forever Passage: Hannah Montana Forever is the soundtrack album for the fourth and final season of the television series "Hannah Montana", released on October 15, 2010 by Walt Disney Records. All eleven tracks are performed by its primary actress Miley Cyrus, and are credited to her character Hannah Montana. Recording artists Billy Ray Cyrus, Iyaz, and Sheryl Crow appear as featured vocalists. The soundtrack is primarily a pop record, which sees additional influences from teen pop, pop rock, power pop, dance-pop, and country pop musical styles. Title: Steppin' Stone (album) Passage: Steppin' Stone is the eighth solo studio album by American country music singer Marie Osmond. It was her fourth studio album issued on Capitol/Curb records. It was released in 1989. Title: Meet Me in Montana Passage: ``Meet Me in Montana ''is a song written by Paul Davis, and recorded by American country music artists Dan Seals and Marie Osmond. It was released in July 1985 as the lead - off single from Seals' album Wo n't Be Blue Anymore, and the second single from Osmond's 1985 album There's No Stopping Your Heart.	[ "Meet Me in Montana", "Steppin' Stone (album)" ]
2hop__70561_709757	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the \"Beagle\" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague \"law of development\" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation. Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for \"extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated\" and coining the term \"Darwinism\" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science. Huxley gained influence, and initiated the X Club, which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism, shaping much of late Victorian science. Later, the German morphologist Ernst Haeckel would convince Huxley that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term ``natural selection '', and compared it with artificial selection.", "title": "Natural selection" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darwin was hard at work on his \"big book\" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that \"your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled\" and he would \"of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal\" that Wallace chose, adding that \"all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed\". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amotz Zahavi () (August 14, 1928 – May 12, 2017) was an Israeli evolutionary biologist, a Professor in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel. His main work concerned the evolution of signals, particularly those signals that are indicative of fitness, and their selection for \"honesty\".", "title": "Amotz Zahavi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During \"the eclipse of Darwinism\" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809 -- 1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma of molecular biology. Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work. It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' work -- in place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins.", "title": "Darwinism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during ``the eclipse of Darwinism ''(c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis.", "title": "History of evolutionary thought" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created. The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of directional colour change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark - coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism. Later, when pollution was reduced, the light - coloured form again predominated. Industrial melanism in the peppered moth was an early test of Charles Darwin's natural selection in action, and remains as a classic example in the teaching of evolution. Sewall Wright described it as ``the clearest case in which a conspicuous evolutionary process has actually been observed. ''", "title": "Peppered moth evolution" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process first demonstrated by the observation that often, more offspring are produced than can possibly survive. This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place.", "title": "Evolution" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Darwin Medal is awarded by the Royal Society every alternate year for \"work of acknowledged distinction in the broad area of biology in which Charles Darwin worked, notably in evolution, population biology, organismal biology and biological diversity\". First awarded in 1890, it was created in memory of Charles Darwin and is presented with a £2000 prize (as of 2016).", "title": "Darwin Medal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adolf Bernhard Meyer (11 October 1840, Hamburg – 22 August 1911, Dresden) was a German anthropologist, ornithologist, entomologist, and herpetologist. He served for nearly thirty years as director of the Königlich Zoologisches und Anthropologisch-Ethnographisches Museum (now the natural history museum or Museum für Tierkunde Dresden) in Dresden. He worked on comparative anatomy and appreciated the ideas of evolution, and influenced many German scientists by translating into German the 1858 papers by Darwin and Wallace which first proposed evolution by natural selection. Influenced by the writings of Wallace with whom he interacted, he travelled to Southeast Asia, and collected specimens and recorded his observations from the region.", "title": "Adolf Bernhard Meyer" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ted Bohdan Belytschko (January 13, 1943 – September 15, 2014) was an American mechanical engineer. He was Walter P. Murphy Professor and McCormick Professor of Computational Mechanics at Northwestern University. He worked in the field of computational solid mechanics and was known for development of methods like element-free Galerkin method and the Extended finite element method.", "title": "Ted Belytschko" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dave McKenna (May 30, 1930 – 18 October 18, 2008) was an American jazz pianist known primarily as a solo pianist and for his \"three-handed\" swing style. He was a significant figure in the evolution of jazz piano.", "title": "Dave McKenna" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: \"that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.\":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins.", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the \"founding father of paleontology\". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils.", "title": "Georges Cuvier" } ]	What was the field of work of the man who figured out the mechanism of evolution known as natural selection?	bio	[ "Bio" ]	Title: Natural selection Passage: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term ``natural selection '', and compared it with artificial selection. Title: Darwin Medal Passage: The Darwin Medal is awarded by the Royal Society every alternate year for "work of acknowledged distinction in the broad area of biology in which Charles Darwin worked, notably in evolution, population biology, organismal biology and biological diversity". First awarded in 1890, it was created in memory of Charles Darwin and is presented with a £2000 prize (as of 2016). Title: Evolution Passage: In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process first demonstrated by the observation that often, more offspring are produced than can possibly survive. This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place.	[ "Natural selection", "Darwin Medal" ]
2hop__466571_3752	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Captain Saurabh Kalia (1976–1999) was an officer of the Indian Army who was killed during the Kargil War while being held as a prisoner of war by the Pakistan Army. He along with five other soldiers of his patrolling team were captured alive and kept in captivity where they were brutally tortured, and then killed by Pakistan Army.", "title": "Saurabh Kalia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mahendra Mehta holds a BE degree in Mechanical Engineering from the MBM Engineering College, University of Jodhpur (now known as Jai Narain Vyas University), Jodhpur and an MBA from the IIM Ahmedabad, India.", "title": "Mahendra Mehta" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For a long time Sundar Singh had wanted to visit Britain, and the opportunity came when his father, Sher Singh, who was converted too gave him the money for his fare to Britain. He visited the West twice, travelling to Britain, the United States and Australia in 1920, and to Europe again in 1922. He was welcomed by Christians of many traditions, and his words searched the hearts of people who now faced the aftermath of World War I and who seemed to evidence a shallow attitude to life. Singh was appalled by what he saw as the materialism, emptiness and irreligion he found everywhere, contrasting it with Asia's awareness of God, no matter how limited that might be. Once back in India he continued his Gospel-proclamation work, though it was clear that he was getting more physically frail.", "title": "Sadhu Sundar Singh" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bhikkhu Jagdish Kashyap was born on 2 May 1908 in Ranchi, Bihar, India; he died 28 January 1976. His birth name was Jagdish Narain, and the name Kashyap was given to him at his bhikkhu ordination in 1933.", "title": "Jagdish Kashyap" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bhupinder Singh Hooda was born to Ranbir Singh Hooda and Har Devi Hooda at the Sanghi village in Rohtak district of Haryana. His father Ranbir Singh Hooda was a renowned freedom fighter.", "title": "Bhupinder Singh Hooda" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The race for which Singh is best remembered is his fourth - place finish in the 400 metres final at the 1960 Olympic Games, which he had entered as one of the favourites. He led the race till the 200m mark before easing off, allowing others to pass him. Various records were broken in the race, which required a photo - finish and saw American Otis Davis being declared the winner by one - hundredth of a second over German Carl Kaufmann. Singh's fourth - place time of 45.73 became the Indian national record and held for almost 40 years.", "title": "Milkha Singh" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charat Singh (died 1774) was the eldest son of Naudh Singh, the father of Maha Singh, and the grandfather of Ranjit Singh. He distinguished himself at an early age in campaigns against Ahmad Shah Abdali and along with 150 horsemen split from the Singhpuria Misl to establish the Sukerchakia Misl.", "title": "Charat Singh" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ministers Health and Family Welfare Name Portrait Term of office Political Party Prime Minister Reference Rajkumari Amrit Kaur 1947 1957 Indian National Congress Jawaharlal Nehru Sushila Nayar 1962 1967 Indian National Congress Indira Gandhi Kodardas Kalidas Shah 1967 1971 Uma Shankar Dikshit 1971 1972 Karan Singh 1973 1977 Indian National Congress Indira Gandhi Raj Narain 24 March 1977 25 January 1979 Janata Party Morarji Desai Rabi Ray 25 January 1979 14 July 1979 28 July 1979 14 January 1980 Janata Party (Secular) Charan Singh Mohsina Kidwai 31 December 1984 24 June 1986 Indian National Congress Rajiv Gandhi P.V. Narasimha Rao July 1986 February 1988 Rasheed Masood 21 April 1990 10 November 1990 Janata Dal National Front V.P. Singh Sartaj Singh 16 May 1996 1 June 1996 Bharatiya Janata Party National Democratic Alliance Atal Bihari Vajpayee C.P. Thakur 27 May 2000 30 June 2002 Sushma Swaraj 29 January 2003 22 May 2004 Anbumani Ramadoss 22 May 2004 April 2009 Pattali Makkal Katchi United Progressive Alliance Manmohan Singh Ghulam Nabi Azad 22 May 2009 26 May 2014 Indian National Congress United Progressive Alliance Harsh Vardhan 26 May 2014 9 November 2014 Bharatiya Janata Party National Democratic Alliance Narendra Modi Jagat Prakash Nadda 9 November 2014 Incumbent", "title": "Ministry of Health and Family Welfare" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).", "title": "North African campaign" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Singh was born in New Delhi, and studied at The Modern School, The Doon School, Dayal Singh College, Delhi, and University of Western Australia. He has previously worked for Citicorp.", "title": "Saurabh Narain Singh" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was educated at Rajkumar College, Raipur and at Mayo College, Ajmer. He became the Raja of Ramgarh in 1919 upon death of his father, Raja Lakshmi Narain Singh. He formed his own political party (Janta Party of Ramgarh) and was a prominent leader in Bihar at that time. His family (Narain Raj Parivar) was the first family in India to use helicopters in election campaign. He served as the Vice-President of the Bihar Landholder's Association and the All India Kshatriya Mahasabha. He was also Member of the Managing Committee and General Council of Rajkumar College; Member of the Executive Body of the Bihar War Committee. He served as president of Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha in 1943 and 1953.", "title": "Kamakhya Narain Singh" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pappu Can't Dance Saala is a 2011 India romance comedy film written and directed by Saurabh Shukla. The film stars Vinay Pathak and Neha Dhupia in the lead roles, whilst Rajat Kapoor, Naseeruddin Shah, Sanjay Mishra, and Saurabh Shukla play supporting roles. The film released on 16 December 2011.", "title": "Pappu Can't Dance Saala" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" } ]	When did the torch visit the birthplace of Saurabh Narain Singh?	April 17	[]	Title: Charat Singh Passage: Charat Singh (died 1774) was the eldest son of Naudh Singh, the father of Maha Singh, and the grandfather of Ranjit Singh. He distinguished himself at an early age in campaigns against Ahmad Shah Abdali and along with 150 horsemen split from the Singhpuria Misl to establish the Sukerchakia Misl. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing "personal reasons", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to "stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle" and protest against the PRC "crackdown" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the "Olympic Games do not belong to China" and confirms taking part in the torch relay "with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch. Title: Saurabh Narain Singh Passage: Singh was born in New Delhi, and studied at The Modern School, The Doon School, Dayal Singh College, Delhi, and University of Western Australia. He has previously worked for Citicorp.	[ "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "Saurabh Narain Singh" ]
2hop__14164_1063	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 9, 2007, Apple Computer, Inc. shortened its name to simply Apple Inc. In his Macworld Expo keynote address, Steve Jobs explained that with their current product mix consisting of the iPod and Apple TV as well as their Macintosh brand, Apple really was n't just a computer company anymore. At the same address, Jobs revealed a product that would revolutionize an industry in which Apple had never previously competed: the Apple iPhone. The iPhone combined Apple's first widescreen iPod with the world's first mobile device boasting visual voicemail, and an internet communicator able to run a fully functional version of Apple's web browser, Safari, on the then - named iPhone OS (later renamed iOS).", "title": "History of Apple Inc." }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: \"We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone.\" Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Mac OS; iPod software for Microsoft Windows was launched with the second generation model. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the \"Advanced\" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are not supported without installing custom firmware onto an iPod (e.g., Rockbox).", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPod Shuffle (stylized and marketed as iPod shuffle) is a digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It was the smallest model in Apple's iPod family, and was the first iPod to use flash memory. The first model was announced at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 11, 2005; the fourth - and final - generation models were introduced on September 1, 2010. The iPod Shuffle was discontinued by Apple on July 27, 2017.", "title": "IPod Shuffle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPod Mini used the touch-sensitive scroll wheel of the third generation iPod. However, instead of the four touch buttons located above the wheel, the buttons were redesigned as mechanical switches beneath the wheel itself—hence the name \"click wheel\". To use one of the four buttons, the user physically pushes the edge of the wheel inward over one of the four labels. Like its predecessors, the wheel was developed for Apple by Synaptics. The click wheel is now also used in the fourth, fifth and sixth generation iPods and the iPod Nano, from first generation through the fifth; however, in the Nano and 5G iPods onwards, the click wheel used was developed by Apple.", "title": "IPod Mini" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales. However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPod Hi-Fi is a speaker system that was developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. and was released on February 28, 2006, for use with any iPod digital music player. The iPod Hi-Fi retailed at the Apple Store for US$349 until its discontinuation on September 5, 2007.", "title": "IPod Hi-Fi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bristol Technology Inc. was a software development company founded in January 1991 by Keith, Ken, and Jean Blackwell. The company's original product idea, Wind/U, was an implementation of the Windows API (application programming interface) on non-Windows operating systems (such as UNIX). In March 2007, Bristol was purchased by the information technology corporation Hewlett-Packard for an undisclosed amount.", "title": "Bristol Technology" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth - generation iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as the iPod touch, and colloquially known as the iPod touch 6G, iPod touch 6, or iPod touch (2015)) is a multipurpose pocket computer designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen - based user interface. It is the successor to the iPod Touch (5th generation), becoming the first major update to the iPod lineup in more than two and a half years. It was released on the online Apple Store on July 15, 2015, along with a new iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle, which received minor upgrades.", "title": "IPod Touch (6th generation)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones. Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In December 2004, Apple unveiled its first limited edition iPods, with either Madonna's, Tony Hawk's, or Beck's signature or No Doubt's band logo engraved on the back for an extra US $50. On 26 October 2004, Apple introduced a special edition of its fourth generation monochrome iPod, designed in the color scheme of the album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb by Irish rock band U2. It had a black case with a red click wheel and the back had the engraved signatures of U2's band members. This iPod was updated alongside the iPod Photo and fifth generation iPod.", "title": "List of iPod models" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.", "title": "IPod" } ]	How many iPods had the company that lost Apple vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard sold by April 9, 2007?	hundred million	[ "100 million" ]	Title: Dell Passage: From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s. Title: IPod Passage: On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers. Title: Macintosh Passage: In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.	[ "Macintosh", "IPod" ]
2hop__108281_62766	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus Kermes, primarily Kermes vermilio. The insects live on the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees near the Mediterranean region. Jars of kermes have been found in a Neolithic cave-burial at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône. Kermes from oak trees was later used by Romans, who imported it from Spain. A different variety of dye was made from Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) scale insects that lived on the roots and stems of certain herbs. It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC, and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Trees, (born 18 December 1977) is an English former footballer. Born in Manchester, England, he began his career as a youth player with his hometown club Manchester United. After a loan spell at Stalybridge Celtic, he moved to Bristol Rovers in 1998, where he scored one goal in 60 league appearances. Trees also had loan spells at Altrincham for a couple of months in 1999, and at Leigh RMI. Leigh signed him on a permanent basis in February 2001, but he soon moved on to Droylsden in August of the same year. Trees played for Mossley during the 2002–03 season, but personal issues forced him to take a short break from football in September 2002. He then joined Hyde United in the summer of 2003, but his spell there was short-lived and he moved to Abbey Hey that December. After 18 months with Abbey Hey, Trees joined the newly formed F.C. United of Manchester in July 2005 and was part of the club's initial 20-man squad for their 2005–06 pre-season. However, he never played in a senior game for them. He now has 2 children Francesca and Gabriella Trees with his wife Sharon Trees.", "title": "Robert Trees" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Christmas Tree is a large evergreen tree located in the northeast quadrant of The Ellipse near the White House in Washington, D.C. Each year since 1923, the tree has been decorated as a Christmas tree. Every early December, the tree is traditionally lit by the President of the United States. Every president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has made formal remarks during the tree lighting ceremony. Since 1954, the event has marked the start of month - long festivities known as the Pageant of Peace. Smaller trees representing the U.S. states, District of Columbia, and the five territories around the National Christmas Tree are referred to as the Pathway to Peace.", "title": "National Christmas Tree (United States)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No Trees in the Street is a 1959 British crime thriller directed by J. Lee Thompson and written by Ted Willis, from his 1948 stage play of the same name.", "title": "No Trees in the Street" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tree Roots is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh that he painted in July 1890 when he lived in Auvers-sur-Oise, France. The painting is an example of the double-square canvases that he employed in his last landscapes.", "title": "Tree Roots" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A mycorrhiza (from Greek μυκός mykós, ``fungus '', and ῥίζα rhiza,`` root''; pl. mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular host plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungi in the plants' rhizosphere, its root system. Mycorrhizae play important roles in soil biology and soil chemistry.", "title": "Mycorrhiza" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In China, the tree of heaven has a long and rich history. It was mentioned in the oldest extant Chinese dictionary and listed in countless Chinese medical texts for its purported ability to cure ailments ranging from mental illness to baldness. The roots, leaves and bark are still used today in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as an astringent. The tree has been grown extensively both in China and abroad as a host plant for the ailanthus silkmoth, a moth involved in silk production. Ailanthus has become a part of western culture as well, with the tree serving as the central metaphor and subject matter of the best - selling American novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith.", "title": "Ailanthus altissima" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tariq Luqmaan Trotter (born October 3, 1971), better known as Black Thought, is an American rapper and the lead MC of the Philadelphia-based hip hop group The Roots, as well as an occasional actor. Black Thought, who co-founded The Roots with drummer Questlove (Ahmir Thompson), is widely lauded for his live performance skills, continuous multisyllabic rhyme schemes, complex lyricism, double entendres, and politically aware lyrics. With The Roots, he is a singer and rapper on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon,\" frequently playing games with Fallon and his guests.", "title": "Black Thought" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pharmacist Charles Elmer Hires was the first to successfully market a commercial brand of root beer. Hires developed his root tea made from sassafras in 1875, debuted a commercial version of root beer at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876, and began selling his extract. Hires was a teetotaler who wanted to call the beverage ``root tea ''. However, his desire to market the product to Pennsylvania coal miners caused him to call his product`` root beer'', instead. In 1886, Hires began to bottle a beverage made from his famous extract. By 1893, root beer was distributed widely across the United States. Non-alcoholic versions of root beer became commercially successful, especially during Prohibition.", "title": "Root beer" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who, who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials. As with previous incarnations of the Doctor, the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin - offs. In the programme's narrative, the Doctor is a centuries - old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS, frequently with companions. At the end of life, the Doctor can regenerate his body; in doing so, his physical appearance and personality change, and a new actor assumes the role. Tennant's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked.", "title": "Tenth Doctor" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The music of the American television series Twin Peaks, its 1992 prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, and its 2017 revival series was composed by Angelo Badalamenti. Twin Peaks' co-creator David Lynch wrote lyrics for five songs used throughout the series -- including ``Falling '',`` The Nightingale'', ``Into the Night '',`` Just You'' and ``Sycamore Trees ''-- and three songs featured in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, including`` A Real Indication'', ``Questions in a World of Blue ''and`` The Black Dog Runs at Night''. Julee Cruise, who made cameo appearances in both the series and film, provided vocals for four of Lynch's and Badalamenti's collaborations, and jazz vocalist Jimmy Scott performed on ``Sycamore Trees ''. Three of the series' actors -- James Marshall, Lara Flynn Boyle, and Sheryl Lee -- provided vocals for`` Just You''.", "title": "Music of Twin Peaks" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Silmarils (Quenya pl. Silmarilli, \"radiance of pure light\") are three fictional brilliant jewels composed of the unmarred light of the Two Trees in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. The Silmarils were made out of the crystalline substance \"silima\" by Fëanor, a Noldorin Elf, in Valinor during the Years of the Trees. The Silmarils play a central role in Tolkien's book \"The Silmarillion\", which tells of the creation of Eä (the Universe) and the beginning of Elves, Men, and Dwarves.", "title": "Silmaril" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Make Love, Not Warcraft\" is the eighth episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 147th episode overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 4, 2006. In the episode, Cartman, Kyle, Stan, and Kenny enjoy playing the popular massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"World of Warcraft\". When a high level player goes around killing other players in the game, they start playing the game every day to try to stop him. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. In 2015, he and co-creator Matt Stone listed it as their third favorite episode of the series.", "title": "Make Love, Not Warcraft" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Joel received his BA and JD from New York University, where he was a Root-Tilden law scholar, and has received honorary doctorates from Boston Hebrew College and Gratz College. He was an assistant district attorney and Deputy Chief of Appeals in the Bronx. His career continued as associate dean and professor of law at YU's Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.", "title": "Richard Joel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Van Gogh Museum's \"Wheatfield with Crows\" was painted in July 1890, in the last weeks of van Gogh’s life. Many have claimed it as his last painting, while it is also possible \"Tree Roots\", or the previously mentioned \"Daubigny's Garden\", was his final painting.", "title": "Wheatfield with Crows" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Intrigued by an ominous figure in one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings, alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Provence has been plagued by an invisible monster, known as the Krafayis, which only Van Gogh can see. The Doctor and Amy work with Van Gogh to defeat the Krafayis, but in their attempt to have Van Gogh realise his legacy through bringing him to the future they ultimately realise that not all of time can be rewritten and there are some evils which are out of the Doctor's reach.", "title": "Vincent and the Doctor" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She attended the British drama school East 15 in 2005, and left after winning a high - profile role in the BBC drama Waterloo Road, playing the bully Leigh - Ann Galloway. Since that role, Matthews has continued to act in BBC's Doctors, playing Connie Whitfield; in ITV's The Bill playing drug addict Josie Clarke; and she was back in the BBC soap Doctors in 2009, playing Tansy Flack.", "title": "Holly Matthews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paulina Salas is a former political prisoner in an unnamed Latin American country who had been raped by her captors, led by a sadistic doctor whose face she never saw. The rapist doctor played Schubert's composition Death and the Maiden during the act of rape; hence the play's title.", "title": "Death and the Maiden (play)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born at Waterloo, New South Wales in 1898, Vic Lawrence played his junior football for Waterloo, and was graded with South Sydney Rabbitohs in 1920. Lawrence played nine seasons with Souths between 1920-1928 and played in two winning Grand Finals in 1926 and 1927. He mostly played centre in teams that featured the greats of the era such as Alf Blair, Benny Wearing, George Treweek and Eddie Root.", "title": "Vic Lawrence (rugby league)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manchineel is native to the Caribbean, the U.S. state of Florida, The Bahamas, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.The manchineel tree can be found on coastal beaches and in brackish swamps where it grows among mangroves. It provides excellent natural windbreaks and its roots stabilize the sand, thus helping to prevent beach erosion.", "title": "Manchineel" } ]	Who plays the creator of Tree Roots on Doctor Who?	Tony Curran	[]	Title: Silmaril Passage: The Silmarils (Quenya pl. Silmarilli, "radiance of pure light") are three fictional brilliant jewels composed of the unmarred light of the Two Trees in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. The Silmarils were made out of the crystalline substance "silima" by Fëanor, a Noldorin Elf, in Valinor during the Years of the Trees. The Silmarils play a central role in Tolkien's book "The Silmarillion", which tells of the creation of Eä (the Universe) and the beginning of Elves, Men, and Dwarves. Title: Vincent and the Doctor Passage: Intrigued by an ominous figure in one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings, alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Provence has been plagued by an invisible monster, known as the Krafayis, which only Van Gogh can see. The Doctor and Amy work with Van Gogh to defeat the Krafayis, but in their attempt to have Van Gogh realise his legacy through bringing him to the future they ultimately realise that not all of time can be rewritten and there are some evils which are out of the Doctor's reach. Title: Tree Roots Passage: Tree Roots is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh that he painted in July 1890 when he lived in Auvers-sur-Oise, France. The painting is an example of the double-square canvases that he employed in his last landscapes.	[ "Tree Roots", "Vincent and the Doctor" ]
2hop__708577_131909	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Frantz (February 8, 1906, Kassel – May 26, 1959, Munich), was a German operatic bass-baritone. He was well known in his time for his performances in the operas of Richard Wagner.", "title": "Ferdinand Frantz" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By prerogative right, the British Crown enjoys ownership of all unmarked mute swans in open water. Rights over swans may, however, be granted to a subject by the Crown (accordingly they may also be claimed by prescription.) The ownership of swans in a given body of water was commonly granted to landowners up to the 16th century. The only bodies still to exercise such rights are two livery companies of the City of London. Thus the ownership of swans in the Thames is shared equally among the Crown, the Vintners' Company and the Dyers' Company.", "title": "Swan Upping" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Norman, created between 1959 and 1964 as part of the construction of the Cowans Ford Dam by Duke Energy, is the largest man-made body of fresh water in North Carolina.", "title": "Lake Norman" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world, owing to high evaporation. Salinity ranges from between ~ 36 ‰ in the southern part because of the effect of the Gulf of Aden water and reaches 41 ‰ in the northern part, owing mainly to the Gulf of Suez water and the high evaporation. The average salinity is 40 ‰. (Average salinity for the world's seawater is ~ 35 ‰ on the Practical Salinity Scale, or PSU; that translates to 3.5% of actual dissolved salts.)", "title": "Red Sea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand III of Limburg Stirum was the son of Ferdinand I of Limburg Stirum and Katharina Karoline von Eptingen. Born in 1753, he died at the age of 15 in 1768.", "title": "Ferdinand III of Limburg Stirum" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam.", "title": "Cape Town water crisis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was twice dismissed from the army and twice reassigned with the help of Tsar Ferdinand. Mihail Savov and Ferdinand are considered the main characters responsible for the Second Balkan War.", "title": "Mihail Savov" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.", "title": "Edema" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.", "title": "Body water" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Window Water Baby Moving is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, filmed in November 1958 and released in 1959. The film documents the birth of the director's first child, Myrrena, by his then-wife Jane Brakhage, now Jane Wodening.", "title": "Window Water Baby Moving" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west).", "title": "Saw Kill" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kassel (; spelled Cassel until 1928) is a city located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 200,507 inhabitants in December 2015. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the \"documenta\" exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background).", "title": "Kassel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.", "title": "Butterfly Pond" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tom Frantz (born July 9, 1943) is an American former racing driver from Denver, Colorado. He made his USAC Championship Car debut in 1975 and made 6 starts with 2 11th-place finish and competitive drives in every event. However the following year was less successful as he only made 2 starts before blowing his engine before qualifying at Milwaukee, failing to qualify in Texas, and crashing in practice at Phoenix in his other 3 attempts to race that year. In 1977 he attempted to qualify for his first Indianapolis 500 but failed to qualify. In 1979 the rival CART Champ Car series was founded and Frantz ran a nearly full season in the series, finishing 20th in points and registering a career-best finish of 9th at Trenton Speedway in August. However, he again failed to qualify for the Indy 500, an indignity that continued in 1980. He attempted five races in 1982, but failed to qualify for four of them including the Indy 500, only barely making the large field at the Michigan International Speedway and being knocked out after 20 laps by a mechanical vibration.", "title": "Tom Frantz" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Ferdinand Elle the Younger (1648 in Paris – 1717 in Paris), was a French portrait painter and the son of Louis Ferdinand Elle the Elder.", "title": "Louis Ferdinand Elle the Younger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia.", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is the approximate southern border of the horse latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, meaning that much of the land area touching the 30th parallel is arid or semi-arid. If there is a source of wind from a body of water the area would more likely be subtropical.", "title": "30th parallel north" } ]	What is the body of water by the birthplace of Ferdinand Frantz?	Fulda	[]	Title: Zhejiang Passage: Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world. Title: Kassel Passage: Kassel (; spelled Cassel until 1928) is a city located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 200,507 inhabitants in December 2015. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the "documenta" exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background). Title: Ferdinand Frantz Passage: Ferdinand Frantz (February 8, 1906, Kassel – May 26, 1959, Munich), was a German operatic bass-baritone. He was well known in his time for his performances in the operas of Richard Wagner.	[ "Ferdinand Frantz", "Kassel" ]
2hop__10692_33145	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "title": "European colonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other races. 1.8 million are recognized as enrolled tribal members.[citation needed] Tribes have established their own criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of US Native Americans live in land units called Indian reservations. Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, Cocopa, Pascua Yaqui and Apache span both sides of the US–Mexican border. Haudenosaunee people have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canadian border. Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Iñupiat, Blackfeet, Nakota, Cree, Anishinaabe, Huron, Lenape, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee, among others live in both Canada and the US.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonial India was the part of the Indian subcontinent which was under the jurisdiction of European colonial powers, during the Age of Discovery. European power was exerted both by conquest and trade, especially in spices. The search for the wealth and prosperity of India led to the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Only a few years later, near the end of the 15th century, Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama became the first European to re-establish direct trade links with India since Roman times by being the first to arrive by circumnavigating Africa (c. 1497 -- 1499). Having arrived in Calicut, which by then was one of the major trading ports of the eastern world, he obtained permission to trade in the city from Saamoothiri Rajah.", "title": "Colonial India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Recorded history began on 12 October 1492, when Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Guanahani, which he renamed San Salvador Island on his first voyage to the New World. The earliest permanent European settlement was in 1648 on Eleuthera. During the 18th century slave trade, many Africans were brought to the Bahamas as labourers. Their descendants now constitute 85% of the Bahamian population. The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom on July 10, 1973.", "title": "History of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Global exploration started with the Portuguese discoveries of the Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores, the coast of Africa, and the discovery of the sea route to India in 1498; and the Crown of Castile (Spain) the trans - Atlantic Voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas between 1492 and 1502 and the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519 -- 1522. These discoveries led to numerous naval expeditions across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, and land expeditions in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia that continued into the late 19th century, and ended with the exploration of the polar regions in the 20th century.", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Native Americans are portrayed in a complex way, emphasizing positive and negative aspects of their culture. The same can be said of the American authorities, like the U.S. Army, the politicians, the business-men, the sheriffs or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tex had a son, named \"Kit\" (who would become a ranger too), with a Native American woman, named \"Lilyth\", the daughter of a Navajo Chief (she would later die of smallpox). Later, Tex himself went on to become the Chief of the Navajo tribe.", "title": "Tex Willer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Klamath County ( KLAM-əth) is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 66,380. The county seat is Klamath Falls. The county was named for the Klamath, the tribe of Native Americans living in the area at the time the first European explorers entered the region.", "title": "Klamath County, Oregon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain on his first voyage with three ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the flagship, Santa Maria, seeking a direct route to Asia. On 12 October 1492 Columbus reached an island in the Bahamas and claimed it for Spain, an event long regarded by Europeans as the 'discovery' of America. This island was called Guanahani by the Lucayan, and San Salvador by the Spanish. The identity of the first American landfall by Columbus remains controversial, but many authors accept Samuel E. Morison's identification of Columbus' San Salvador as what was later called Watling (or Watling's) Island. Its name has been officially changed to San Salvador. Columbus visited several other islands in the Bahamas before sailing to present - day Cuba and afterwards to Hispaniola.", "title": "History of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Asia, various Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates controlled the Asian sphere. In Japan, the Edo period from 1600 to 1868 is also referred to as the early modern period. And in Korea, from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period. In the Americas, Native Americans had built a large and varied civilization, including the Aztec Empire and alliance, the Inca civilization, the Mayan Empire and cities, and the Chibcha Confederation. In the west, the European kingdoms and movements were in a movement of reformation and expansion. Russia reached the Pacific coast in 1647 and consolidated its control over the Russian Far East in the 19th century.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas apart from a small Norse attempt in Newfoundland centuries before. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "title": "European colonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Columbus Fountain also known as the Columbus Memorial is a public artwork by American sculptor Lorado Taft, located at Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States. A centerpiece of Columbus Circle, \"Columbus Fountain\" serves as a tribute to the explorer Christopher Columbus. The unveiling in 1912 was celebrated all over Washington, DC over the course of three days with parades, concerts and fireworks gathering tens of thousands of people from all over the world.", "title": "Columbus Fountain" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An Indian reservation is a legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs rather than the state governments of the United States in which they are physically located. Each of the 326 Indian reservations in the United States are associated with a particular Native American nation. Not all of the country's 567 recognized tribes have a reservation -- some tribes have more than one reservation, some share reservations, while others have none. In addition, because of past land allotments, leading to some sales to non-Native Americans, some reservations are severely fragmented, with each piece of tribal, individual, and privately held land being a separate enclave. This jumble of private and public real estate creates significant administrative, political, and legal difficulties.", "title": "Indian reservation" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rodrigo de Jerez was one of the Spanish crewmen who sailed to the Americas on the Santa Maria as part of Christopher Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. He is credited with being the first European smoker.", "title": "Rodrigo de Jerez" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the phrase ``pre-Columbian era ''literally refers only to the time preceding Christopher Columbus's voyages of 1492, in practice the phrase is usually used to denote the entire history of indigenous Americas cultures until those cultures were exterminated, diminished, or extensively altered by Europeans, even if this happened decades or centuries after Columbus's first landing. For this reason the alternative terms of Precontact Americas, Pre-Colonial Americas or Prehistoric Americas are also in use. In areas of Latin America the term usually used is Pre-Hispanic.", "title": "Pre-Columbian era" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arapaho is a town in and county seat of Custer County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 796 at the 2010 census, a 6.4 percent increase from 748 at the 2000 census. The town lies long U.S. Route 183. It is named for the Arapaho Native American tribe.", "title": "Arapaho, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the war, the Seven Nations of Canada were allied with the French. These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley—the Algonquin, the Abenaki, the Huron, and others. Although the Algonquin tribes and the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley, they had been victims of the Iroquois Confederation. The Iroquois had encroached on Algonquin territory and pushed the Algonquins west beyond Lake Michigan. Therefore, the Algonquin and the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois. Throughout New England, New York, and the North-west Native American tribes formed differing alliances with the major belligerents. The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guajataca River () is a river on the island of Lares, Puerto Rico. It is located in the northwest coast of the island. It flows from the south and drains into the Atlantic Ocean. The name was given by the original inhabitants prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus.", "title": "Guajataca River" } ]	What was one of the native American tribes formed in the region discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492?	Aztec Empire	[]	Title: Modern history Passage: In Asia, various Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates controlled the Asian sphere. In Japan, the Edo period from 1600 to 1868 is also referred to as the early modern period. And in Korea, from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period. In the Americas, Native Americans had built a large and varied civilization, including the Aztec Empire and alliance, the Inca civilization, the Mayan Empire and cities, and the Chibcha Confederation. In the west, the European kingdoms and movements were in a movement of reformation and expansion. Russia reached the Pacific coast in 1647 and consolidated its control over the Russian Far East in the 19th century. Title: Tex Willer Passage: Native Americans are portrayed in a complex way, emphasizing positive and negative aspects of their culture. The same can be said of the American authorities, like the U.S. Army, the politicians, the business-men, the sheriffs or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tex had a son, named "Kit" (who would become a ranger too), with a Native American woman, named "Lilyth", the daughter of a Navajo Chief (she would later die of smallpox). Later, Tex himself went on to become the Chief of the Navajo tribe. Title: Middle Ages Passage: In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island.	[ "Middle Ages", "Modern history" ]
2hop__146667_76145	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wins Director John Ford Frank Capra William Wyler Frank Borzage Clint Eastwood Miloš Forman Alejandro G. Iñárritu Elia Kazan David Lean Ang Lee Frank Lloyd Joseph L. Mankiewicz Leo McCarey Lewis Milestone Steven Spielberg George Stevens Oliver Stone Billy Wilder Robert Wise Fred Zinnemann", "title": "Academy Award for Best Director" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Norfolk Assembly was a Ford manufacturing plant that opened on April 20, 1925 on the Elizabeth River, near downtown Norfolk, Virginia -- closing in 2007.", "title": "Norfolk Assembly" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984. Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork. But technology has replaced the old manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working in the many I.T. centres of the city – such as Amazon.com, the online retailer, which has set up in Cork Airport Business Park.", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Conversation is a 1974 American mystery thriller film written, produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Gene Hackman with supporting roles by John Cazale, Allen Garfield, Cindy Williams, Frederic Forrest, Harrison Ford, Teri Garr and Robert Duvall.", "title": "The Conversation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999), which have been closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010, and Dell's contract with the state requires them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cecilia of Normandy (or Cecily; c. 1056 – 30 July 1126) is thought to be the eldest daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. Her brothers were kings William II and Henry I of England. She was very close to her other brother, Robert Curthose, and was educated by the abbess Matilda.", "title": "Cecilia of Normandy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presidential Reunion is an American comedy Web short directed by Ron Howard and starring \"Saturday Night Live\" cast members who parodied Presidents Ford to Obama. The skit was released onto the Funny or Die website on March 3, 2010 and received mixed to negative reviews.", "title": "Presidential Reunion" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Roberts died in Norfolk, Virginia on March 28, 1910. He is buried in his home county at Gatesville, North Carolina.", "title": "William Paul Roberts" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Floyd (1782 -- August 20, 1804) was a United States explorer, a non-commissioned officer in the U.S. Army, and quartermaster in the Lewis and Clark Expedition. A native of Kentucky, he was a son of Robert Clark Floyd, a nephew of James John Floyd, a cousin of Virginia governor John Floyd, and possibly a relative of William Clark. He was one of the first men to join the expedition, and the only person to die on the expedition.", "title": "Charles Floyd (explorer)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although automobiles had already existed for decades, they were still mostly scarce, expensive, and unreliable at the Model T's introduction in 1908. Positioned as reliable, easily maintained, mass - market transportation, it was a runaway success. In a matter of days after the release, 15,000 orders were placed. The first production Model T was produced on August 12, 1908 and left the factory on September 27, 1908, at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit, Michigan. On May 26, 1927, Henry Ford watched the 15 millionth Model T Ford roll off the assembly line at his factory in Highland Park, Michigan.", "title": "Ford Model T" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits.", "title": "How Many More Times" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ford Crown Victoria (colloquially called the Crown Vic) is a rear - wheel - drive full - size four - door sedan that was marketed and manufactured by Ford from the 1992 to the 2011 model years over two generations. Discontinued in 2011, the latter - day Crown Victoria began production in 1991 at Ford's St. Thomas Assembly plant in Southwold, Ontario, Canada. Dropping its previous LTD prefix, Ford instead revived a nameplate once used on a two - door version of the Fairlane sold in the North American market for the 1955 model year.", "title": "Ford Crown Victoria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business.[citation needed]", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ford Dam, officially known as Lock and Dam No. 1, is on the Upper Mississippi River and is located between Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota just north of the confluence of the Mississippi with the Minnesota River at Mississippi River mile 847.9, in Minneapolis. The dam portion was previously owned by the Ford Motor Company, which operated a hydroelectric power station to feed electricity to its Twin Cities Assembly Plant on the east side of the river. It was sold to Brookfield Power Co. in April 2008. The dual-lock facility is operated by the St. Paul district of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Mississippi Valley Division.", "title": "Lock and Dam No. 1" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013, followed by Ford's decision in December of the same year (Ford's Victorian plants—in Broadmeadows and Geelong—will close in October 2016).", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Name Picture 1770 Peter Manigault 1775 Robert Morris 1780 William Bingham 1785 Benjamin Franklin 1790 John Hancock 1795 Elias Hasket Derby 1800 Thomas Willing 1805 Stephen Girard 1810 1815 1820 1825 1830 1835 Stephen Van Rensselaer 1840 John Jacob Astor 1845 1850 Cornelius Vanderbilt 1855 1860 1865 1870 1875 1880 William Henry Vanderbilt 1885 1890 John D. Rockefeller 1895 1900 Andrew Carnegie 1905 1910 John D. Rockefeller 1915 1920 Henry Ford 1925 1930 Andrew Mellon 1935 1940 Henry Ford 1945 1950 H.L. Hunt 1955 J. Paul Getty 1960 Howard Hughes 1965 1970 1980 Daniel Ludwig 1985 Sam Walton John Kluge 1995 Bill Gates 2000 2005 2015", "title": "List of richest Americans in history" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most important benefit of CAM to the plant is the ability to leave most leaf stomata closed during the day. Plants employing CAM are most common in arid environments, where water comes at a premium. Being able to keep stomata closed during the hottest and driest part of the day reduces the loss of water through evapotranspiration, allowing such plants to grow in environments that would otherwise be far too dry. Plants using only C carbon fixation, for example, lose 97% of the water they uptake through the roots to transpiration - a high cost avoided by plants able to employ CAM.", "title": "Crassulacean acid metabolism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gerard William \"Jerry\" Ford (October 2, 1924 – August 24, 2008) was an American businessman who in 1946 founded Ford Modeling Agency with his wife Eileen Ford in their apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.", "title": "Gerard W. Ford" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don'cha Hear Them Bells\" is a 1953 song written by Les Paul and recorded by Les Paul and Mary Ford. The song was released as a single.", "title": "Don'cha Hear Them Bells" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Plant -- vocals Jimmy Page -- electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals John Paul Jones -- Hammond organ, bass guitar John Bonham -- drums", "title": "Thank You (Led Zeppelin song)" } ]	When did the Ford plant close in William Paul Roberts' city of death?	2007	[]	Title: Lock and Dam No. 1 Passage: Ford Dam, officially known as Lock and Dam No. 1, is on the Upper Mississippi River and is located between Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota just north of the confluence of the Mississippi with the Minnesota River at Mississippi River mile 847.9, in Minneapolis. The dam portion was previously owned by the Ford Motor Company, which operated a hydroelectric power station to feed electricity to its Twin Cities Assembly Plant on the east side of the river. It was sold to Brookfield Power Co. in April 2008. The dual-lock facility is operated by the St. Paul district of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Mississippi Valley Division. Title: Norfolk Assembly Passage: Norfolk Assembly was a Ford manufacturing plant that opened on April 20, 1925 on the Elizabeth River, near downtown Norfolk, Virginia -- closing in 2007. Title: William Paul Roberts Passage: Roberts died in Norfolk, Virginia on March 28, 1910. He is buried in his home county at Gatesville, North Carolina.	[ "Norfolk Assembly", "William Paul Roberts" ]
3hop2__144657_572304_41384	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goianápolis is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil. It had a population of 11,159 (IBGE 2007 estimate) in a total area of 162.38 km (2007). The town is famous for its tomato production and as the birthplace of Leandro and Leonardo, one of the most famous country and western duos in recent Brazilian music.", "title": "Goianápolis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Lord Knows I'm Drinking ''Single by Cal Smith from the album I've Found Someone of My Own B - side`` Sweet Things I Remember About You'' Released November 1972 Format 7 ''Recorded March 12, 1972 Bradley's Barn, Mount Juliet, Tennessee Genre Country Length 2: 48 Label Decca Records 33040 Songwriter (s) Bill Anderson Producer (s) Walter Haynes Cal Smith singles chronology ``For My Baby'' (1972)`` The Lord Knows I'm Drinking ''(1972) ``I Can Feel the Leaving Coming On'' (1973)`` For My Baby ''(1972) ``The Lord Knows I'm Drinking'' (1973)`` I Can Feel the Leaving Coming On ''(1973)", "title": "The Lord Knows I'm Drinking" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small spaniel classed as a toy dog by The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club. It originated in the United Kingdom and is one of the more popular breeds in many countries. Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 18th most popular pure - breed in the United States (2013 Registration Statistics). It has a silky, smooth coat and commonly a smooth undocked tail. The breed standard recognizes four colours: Blenheim (chestnut and white), Tricolor (black / white / tan), Black and Tan, and Ruby. The breed is generally friendly, affectionate and good with both children and other animals; however, they require a lot of human interaction. Since they are a family dog, it is recommended to not leave them alone for long periods at a time. The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is under ten years.", "title": "Cavalier King Charles Spaniel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Price Is Right (1956) Created by Bob Stewart Directed by Paul Alter Max Miller Presented by Bill Cullen Narrated by Don Pardo (1956 -- 1963) Johnny Gilbert (1963 -- 1965) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of episodes 2,263 Production Running time 30 minutes Production company (s) Mark Goodson - Bill Todman Productions Release Original network NBC (1956 -- 1963) ABC (1963 -- 1965) Picture format Black & White (Daytime 1956 -- 1959, 1963 -- 1965; Nighttime 1963 -- 1964) Color (Nighttime 1957 -- 1963; Daytime 1959 -- 1963) Audio format Mono Original release November 26, 1956 (1956 - 11 - 26) -- September 3, 1965 (1965 - 09 - 03) Chronology Followed by The Price Is Right (1972 version) (1972 -- present)", "title": "The Price Is Right (1956 American game show)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The town was named after Shirley, Massachusetts. The population was 233 at the 2010 census. It was the birthplace of humorist Bill Nye.", "title": "Shirley, Maine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2012, The New York Times ranked Heidelberg University 12th worldwide in terms of employability. The ranking was based on a survey among recruiters and managers of leading international companies from twenty countries.", "title": "Heidelberg University" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the animation field, White worked for Spümcø (for the animated series \"The Ren and Stimpy Show\"), Walt Disney Feature Animation, and DiC Entertainment (for the animated series \"Inspector Gadget\"). He also did extensive work in the advertising and publishing fields and traveled throughout the United States doing caricatures at private parties and corporate events.", "title": "Bill White (comics)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zippel Bay State Park is a state park in Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota in the United States. It is on the white sand beach shoreline of the Lake of the Woods, near the United States border with Canada. The park is open for year-round recreation including camping, hiking, fishing and cross-country skiing.", "title": "Zippel Bay State Park" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wild Bill Hickok Memorial is a state historic site operated by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. It is located in a small park at the intersection of Main and Ottawa Streets in Troy Grove, Illinois. The memorial marks the site of the birthplace of “Wild Bill” Hickok and features a plaque on the granite monument that honors Hickok's services as a scout and spy in the western states during the American Civil War, and as a frontier express messenger. The monument was dedicated on August 29, 1930.", "title": "Wild Bill Hickok Memorial" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He is best known as one of the pioneers of the rock music genre in Bulgaria as well as one of the advocates of the restoration of the democracy in the country. Many of his songs became classic rock hits most notably \"White Silence\", \"Blessed years\", \"The Bulgarian Rock\", \"Balance\", \"The Song of the singer\", \"Alone at the Bar\", \"A Story with Guitar\" and \"Almost Midnight\".", "title": "Georgi Minchev (musician)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park is an Pennsylvania state park near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is on Pennsylvania Route 16 along Tuscarora Mountain. Buchanan's Birthplace State Park was created from land donated to the state by Harriet Lane in honor of her uncle, the 15th President of the United States, James Buchanan.", "title": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Money Trap is a 1965 crime drama film directed by Burt Kennedy, written by Walter Bernstein based on the novel of the same name by Lionel White, and starring Glenn Ford, Elke Sommer and Rita Hayworth. The supporting cast features Ricardo Montalban, Joseph Cotten and James Mitchum.", "title": "The Money Trap" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1919 Chicago White Sox American League Champions Major League affiliations American League (since 1901) Location Comiskey Park (since 1910) Chicago, Illinois (since 1900) Other information Owner (s) Charles Comiskey Manager (s) Kid Gleason < Previous season Next season >", "title": "1919 Chicago White Sox season" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Walter Parks is a songwriter, vocalist, guitarist and bassist originally from Jacksonville, FL now living in Jersey City, New Jersey. Walter Parks founded several musical groups, Wingtips, The Nudes, Swamp Cabbage and also toured as a sideman for Richie Havens.", "title": "Walter Parks" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston's park system is well-reputed nationally. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that Boston was tied with Sacramento and San Francisco for having the third-best park system among the 50 most populous US cities. ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"One Small Miracle\" is a song written by Bill Anderson and Steve Wariner, and recorded by American country music artist Bryan White. It was released in December 1997 as the second single from the album \"The Right Place\". The song reached #16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "One Small Miracle" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest number of Blacks or African Americans City Total population Black or African American, alone or mixed with other races Black or African American, alone Mixed - race Black / African - American Rank Number Rank Number Rank Number New York, NY 8,175,133 2,228,145 2,088,510 139,635 Chicago, IL 2,695,598 913,009 887,608 25,401 Philadelphia, PA 1,526,006 686,870 661,839 25,031 Detroit, MI 713,777 601,988 590,226 13 11,762 Houston, TX 2,099,451 5 594,217 5 498,466 8 11,751 Memphis, TN 646,889 6 414,928 6 409,687 58 5,241 Baltimore, MD 620,961 7 403,998 7 395,781 29 8,217 Los Angeles, CA 3,792,621 8 402,448 8 365,118 37,330 Washington, DC 601,723 9 314,352 9 305,125 22 9,227 Dallas, TX 1,197,816 10 308,087 10 298,993 23 9,094", "title": "List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations" } ]	Based on population alone, what is Walter Parks birth city's ranking in Bill White's country of citizenship?	12th	[]	Title: Walter Parks Passage: Walter Parks is a songwriter, vocalist, guitarist and bassist originally from Jacksonville, FL now living in Jersey City, New Jersey. Walter Parks founded several musical groups, Wingtips, The Nudes, Swamp Cabbage and also toured as a sideman for Richie Havens. Title: Bill White (comics) Passage: In the animation field, White worked for Spümcø (for the animated series "The Ren and Stimpy Show"), Walt Disney Feature Animation, and DiC Entertainment (for the animated series "Inspector Gadget"). He also did extensive work in the advertising and publishing fields and traveled throughout the United States doing caricatures at private parties and corporate events. Title: Jacksonville, Florida Passage: Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010.	[ "Jacksonville, Florida", "Bill White (comics)", "Walter Parks" ]
2hop__335338_10366	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, then known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, was invaded by Haiti in 1822. Previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, the criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later.", "title": "Dominican War of Independence" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chamoun was an outspoken critic of the former Syrian occupation of Lebanon. She has described her country's independence as a \"myth\". Before the Independence Day celebrations in 1990 she asked rhetorically:", "title": "Tracy Chamoun" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Play Something Country\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn, co-written by Ronnie Dunn and Terry McBride. It was released in June 2005 as the first single from the duo's album \"Hillbilly Deluxe\". In September of that year, the song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, becoming the twentieth and final Number One hit of the duo's career.", "title": "Play Something Country" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties.", "title": "United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.", "title": "Clothing" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milanko Petrović (; born 21 September 1988 in Sjenica) is a Serbian biathlete who participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics, becoming the first olympic biathlete for independent Serbia. At the 2014 Winter Olympics he carried Serbian flag at the opening ceremony and competed in biathlon and cross-country skiing. He represents Serbia at the Biathlon World Championships and he is a regular participant of the Biathlon World Cup and the first ever Serb to win World Cup points. Occasionally, he competes in cross-country skiing. At the 2013 Winter Universiade he made a remarkable success by winning first ever international medals for Serbia in biathlon and cross-country skiing.", "title": "Milanko Petrović" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Karkaar is a mountain range which ranges from Somalia's northwestern border with Ethiopia, until Cape Guardafui. It is also an administrative region defined by the autonomous Puntland state. The territory occupies the south of what has traditionally been the Bari region of Somalia, and generally lies south of the Karkaar mountain range.", "title": "Karkaar" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The band was an early alt-country groundbreaker, touring widely and continuously in the US for several years, including the SXSW Music Conference three years running (1994–1996, the New Music Seminar (1995), the Northwest Independent Music Conference (1996) and NXNW (1997).", "title": "The Shivers (Austin, Texas)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jubilee is a musical comedy with a book by Moss Hart and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. It premiered on Broadway in 1935 to rapturous reviews. Inspired by the recent silver jubilee of King George V of Great Britain, the story is of the royal family of a fictional European country. Several of its songs, especially \"Begin the Beguine\" and \"Just One of Those Things\", became independently popular and have become part of the American Songbook.", "title": "Jubilee (musical)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The northern mockingbird pairs hatch about 2 to 4 broods a year. In one breeding season, the northern mockingbird lays an average of 4 eggs. They hatch after about 11 to 14 days of incubation. After about 10 to 15 days of life, the offspring become independent.", "title": "Northern mockingbird" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Solomon Hochoy GCMG GCVO OBE (20 April 1905 -- 15 November 1983) was a Trinidad and Tobago politician. He was the last British governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the first governor - general upon the country's independence in 1962. He was the first non-white governor of a British crown colony and the first ethnically Chinese and nationally Caribbean person to become governor - general in the Commonwealth.", "title": "Solomon Hochoy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1922, after the Irish War of Independence and the Anglo - Irish Treaty, most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State, which after the 1937 constitution, began to call itself Ireland. The six northeastern counties, known as Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. The Irish Civil War followed soon after the War of Independence. The history of Northern Ireland has since been dominated by sporadic sectarian conflict between (mainly Catholic) Irish nationalists and (mainly Protestant) unionists. This conflict erupted into the Troubles in the late 1960s, until peace was achieved with the Belfast Agreement thirty years later.", "title": "History of Ireland" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bieler Bros. Records was formed in January 2002 by brothers Aaron and Jason Bieler. The label was aligned with MCA Records before becoming independent.", "title": "Bieler Bros. Records" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later.", "title": "Dominican War of Independence" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Just Got Started Lovin 'You ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in July 2007 as the first single from his album Sunset Man. On the Hot Country Songs chart dated for May 17, 2008, the song has also become Otto's first (and to date, his only) number - one hit. The song was also the number one song on Billboard's year - end 2008 Hot Country Songs chart.", "title": "Just Got Started Lovin' You" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Machel's second wife, Graça Simbine, joined Frelimo in 1973 after graduating in modern languages from Lisbon University. She worked as a teacher, first in Frelimo-held areas in Cabo Delgado province, and then at the Frelimo school in Tanzania. She became Minister for Education and Culture in newly independent Mozambique. She and Machel were married three months after Independence, in September 1975. In April 1976 a daughter, Josina, was born, and in December 1978 a son, Malengane. At Independence Machel's five older children joined Josina Machel's son Samito in the Presidential household. In 1998, twelve years after Samora Machel's death, Graça Machel married Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, thus becoming the only woman to have been First Lady of two countries.", "title": "Samora Machel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.", "title": "Black people" } ]	In what year did the country having Karkaar become independent?	1960	[]	Title: Karkaar Passage: Karkaar is a mountain range which ranges from Somalia's northwestern border with Ethiopia, until Cape Guardafui. It is also an administrative region defined by the autonomous Puntland state. The territory occupies the south of what has traditionally been the Bari region of Somalia, and generally lies south of the Karkaar mountain range. Title: Somalis Passage: A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991). Title: Crimean War Passage: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.	[ "Somalis", "Karkaar" ]
2hop__289246_159937	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Canadian Place (originally First Bank Building) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At , it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top (spires) and 9th highest to the roof top, and the 105th tallest in the world. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower (also in Toronto) and the Inco Superstack chimney in Sudbury, Ontario. The building is owned by Brookfield Office Properties, putting it in co-ownership with the neighbouring Exchange Tower and Bay Adelaide Centre as well as various other office spaces across Downtown Toronto.", "title": "First Canadian Place" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "B of the Bang was a sculpture by Thomas Heatherwick next to the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, which was commissioned to mark the 2002 Commonwealth Games; it was one of the tallest structures in Manchester and the tallest sculpture in the UK until the completion of \"Aspire\" in 2008. It was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The sculpture took its name from a quotation of British sprinter Linford Christie, in which he said that he started his races not merely at the \"bang\" of the starting pistol, but at \"the B of the Bang\".", "title": "B of the Bang" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, until One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. The Empire State Building is currently the fifth - tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 35th - tallest in the world. It is also the fifth - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. When measured by pinnacle height, it is the fourth - tallest building in the United States.", "title": "Empire State Building" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81 - storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man - made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second - tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct.", "title": "Eiffel Tower" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim () or Umm Farwah Fatimah was the wife of Muhammad al-Baqir, and the mother of the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq.", "title": "Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "City Center Square is a skyscraper in downtown Kansas City, Missouri, built by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, in the Spring of 1977. It occupies the entire block of 11th Street to 12th Street, and from Main Street to Baltimore Street. It's tower is 30 stories tall, constructed with a reinforced concrete structure evident by the look of the exterior. It is the tenth-tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the fifteenth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri at .", "title": "City Center Square" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 135 m (443 ft) London Eye, typically described as a ``giant Ferris wheel ''by the media, has ovoidal externally mounted motorised capsules and is the`` world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel'' according to its operators, who claim ``The London Eye is often mistakenly called a Ferris wheel. This is not the case: first, the passenger capsules are completely enclosed and are climate controlled; secondly, the capsules are positioned on the outside of the wheel structure and are fully motorised; and third, the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only. ''However the Singapore Flyer subsequently billed itself as the`` world's largest observation wheel'', despite being supported on both sides, and the official londoneye.com website also refers to the London Eye as ``Europe's tallest Ferris wheel ''.", "title": "Ferris wheel" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Umm Al Sheif () is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Umm Al Sheif is a small, residential locality in western Dubai. It is bordered to the north by Umm Suqeim, the northeast by Al Manara, the south by Al Barsha and Al Quoz and the west by Al Sufouh. It is bounded to the north by route D 92 (Al Wasl Road) and to the south by route E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road). A local road (Al Thaniya Road) separates Umm Al Sheif from Al Manara.", "title": "Umm Al Sheif" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bank of America Tower (originally Barnett Center) is a skyscraper in the downtown area of Jacksonville, Florida, at the northwest corner of Bay and Laura streets. At , it is the tallest building in Jacksonville, and the eleventh-tallest in Florida (the tallest ten all being in Miami). It was built as the headquarters of Barnett Bank and originally named Barnett Center, but the name was changed to NationsBank Tower in 1998 after Barnett Bank was acquired by NationsBank. NationsBank soon acquired Bank of America and the building's name was changed to Bank of America Tower in 1999. The 42-floor structure was designed by German-American architect Helmut Jahn, and is constructed of reinforced concrete.", "title": "Bank of America Tower (Jacksonville)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Umm as Sabaan () is an islet in Bahrain. It lies off the north western corner of Bahrain Island, near Budaiya village, and east of Jidda Island, located in Persian Gulf. It lies west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.", "title": "Umm as Sabaan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 m (2,722 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Breetsky was the third building, which was surpassed by Tokyo in 1987.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Las Vegas, Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high - rises, 42 of which stand taller than 400 feet (122 m). The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower, which rises 1,149 feet (350 m) just north of the Las Vegas Strip. The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States. Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable, however, it is not considered a building. The tallest building in Las Vegas is The Drew Las Vegas, which rises 735 feet (224 m) and was topped out in November 2008. This building, however, is currently on hold. The tallest completed building in the city is the 52 - story Palazzo, which rises 642 feet (196 m) and was completed in 2007.", "title": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hollola TV Mast is a mast in Hollola, Finland built in 1967. It has a height of 327 metres (1073 feet). It is also the tallest structure in Finland.", "title": "Hollola TV Mast" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bahrain World Trade Center (also called Bahrain WTC or BWTC) is a 240-metre-high (787 ft), 50-floor, twin tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain. Designed by the multi-national architectural firm Atkins, construction on the towers was completed in 2008. It is the first skyscraper in the world to integrate wind turbines into its design. The wind turbines were developed, built and installed by the Danish company Norwin A/S.The structure is constructed close to the King Faisal Highway, near popular landmarks such as the towers of Bahrain Financial Harbour (BFH), NBB and Abraj Al Lulu. It currently ranks as the second-tallest building in Bahrain, after the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour. The project has received several awards for sustainability, including:", "title": "Bahrain World Trade Center" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81 - storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man - made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct.", "title": "Eiffel Tower" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trammell Crow Center is a 50-story postmodern skyscraper at 2001 Ross Avenue in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas. With a structural height of , and to the roof, it is the sixth-tallest building in Dallas and the 18th-tallest in the state. The tower was designed by the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, and has a polished and flamed granite façade, with of office space. It was originally built as the new headquarters of LTV (Ling-Temco-Vought) which had outgrown its previous headquarters at 1600 Pacific Tower.", "title": "Trammell Crow Center" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hyperion Tower (Korean: 하이페리온 타워), also known as the Mok-dong Hyperion Towers, is a group of three buildings located in the Yangcheon-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, completed in 2003. The tallest of which, Tower A, is 69 storeys and 256 metres (840 feet) high, making it the second tallest building in Seoul and the world's 214th tallest building. The towers are used as residential housing. Tower A is the world's 19th tallest residential building. Below the building is the Hyundai Department store, a chain of high end department stores in South Korea. At the time of its completion, the building was the tallest in the country but was surpassed by Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G in 2004.", "title": "Hyperion Tower" } ]	what is the tallest structure in the country where Umm as Sabaan is located?	the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour	[ "Bahrain Financial Harbour" ]	Title: Bahrain World Trade Center Passage: The Bahrain World Trade Center (also called Bahrain WTC or BWTC) is a 240-metre-high (787 ft), 50-floor, twin tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain. Designed by the multi-national architectural firm Atkins, construction on the towers was completed in 2008. It is the first skyscraper in the world to integrate wind turbines into its design. The wind turbines were developed, built and installed by the Danish company Norwin A/S.The structure is constructed close to the King Faisal Highway, near popular landmarks such as the towers of Bahrain Financial Harbour (BFH), NBB and Abraj Al Lulu. It currently ranks as the second-tallest building in Bahrain, after the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour. The project has received several awards for sustainability, including: Title: Umm as Sabaan Passage: Umm as Sabaan () is an islet in Bahrain. It lies off the north western corner of Bahrain Island, near Budaiya village, and east of Jidda Island, located in Persian Gulf. It lies west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island. Title: Empire State Building Passage: The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, until One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. The Empire State Building is currently the fifth - tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 35th - tallest in the world. It is also the fifth - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. When measured by pinnacle height, it is the fourth - tallest building in the United States.	[ "Umm as Sabaan", "Bahrain World Trade Center" ]
3hop2__41363_484597_24137	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.", "title": "Corporate Corridor" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Augur was born in New Haven, Connecticut. The son of a carpenter, he learned his trade as a woodcarver, carving table legs and other furniture ornament. Borrowing $2,000 from his father, he was invited to join a grocery store business venture. Three years later he discovered, to his shock and amazement, that not only was his money gone, but that he owed his partners $7,000. While thus engaged he invented a lace-making machine that lifted the financial burdens that he had assumed and thus allowed him to take up carving full-time. Around that time he also invented a machine for carving piano legs. He switched to marble later in his career, being among the first native born Americans to do so. Chauncey Ives studied briefly with Augug.", "title": "Hezekiah Augur" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A third season was announced in the 44th issue of Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine of 2017. The simuldub premiered on April 7, 2018. The opening theme is ``ODD FUTURE ''by UVERworld, while the ending theme is`` Update'' by miwa.", "title": "My Hero Academia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Current publications in the city include the Ann Arbor Journal (A2 Journal), a weekly community newspaper; the Ann Arbor Observer, a free monthly local magazine; the Ann Arbor Independent, a locally owned, independent weekly; and Current, a free entertainment-focused alt-weekly. The Ann Arbor Business Review covers local business in the area. Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine are also based in Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan is served by many student publications, including the independent Michigan Daily student newspaper, which reports on local, state, and regional issues in addition to campus news.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cycle News is a motorcycling magazine and website based in the United States, it was a weekly print publication from 1965 to 2010 and switched to a weekly digital magazine in February 2011. The magazine is headquartered in Irvine, California and is best known for coverage of all forms of motorcycle racing.", "title": "Cycle News" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HUP owns the Belknap Press imprint, which it inaugurated in May 1954 with the publication of the Harvard Guide to American History. The John Harvard Library book series is published under the Belknap imprint.", "title": "Harvard University Press" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Undergraduate degree programs are based upon the curriculum for Harvard College students and are the academic equivalent of the College's AB degree; degree requirements include expository writing, quantitative reasoning, foreign language, moral reasoning, writing - intensive classes, and courses in the student's area of concentration. The expository writing class is known as a ``gatekeeper course ''as it will typically`` determine whether (students) are prepared for the intensive and demanding curriculum.''", "title": "Harvard Extension School" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Derek Bok Public Service Prize is one of the prizes awarded by Harvard University during the annual commencement which happens in May. The award which is a cash prize along with a citation, medal given to graduating Harvard Extension School students. It was established entirely by gifts from members of the Harvard Extension School Alumni Association. The award recognizes creative initiatives in community service or long-standing records of civic achievement. All degree and certificate candidates in the Harvard Extension School are eligible for the prize in the year of their graduation. The Harvard Extension School instituted the Derek Bok Public Service Prize, which honors the former President of Harvard University, Derek C. Bok, for his interest in encouraging public service by all Harvard students.", "title": "Derek Bok Public Service Prizes" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned by the family of former Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby of Houston. The only other major publication to serve the city is the Houston Press—a free alternative weekly with a weekly readership of more than 300,000.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norman Daniels (born 1942) is an American political philosopher and philosopher of science, political theorist, ethicist, and bioethicist at Harvard University and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Before his career at Harvard, Daniels had built his career as a medical ethicist at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, and at Tufts University School of Medicine, also in Boston.", "title": "Norman Daniels" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly \"alternative\" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for ritual expiation. In 207 BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved \"at least twenty days\" of dedicated rites.", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curtis Huttenhower is a Professor of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics in the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harvard University.", "title": "Curtis Huttenhower" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Vie is a weekly French Roman Catholic magazine, edited by Malesherbes Publications, a member of the Groupe La Vie-Le Monde.", "title": "La Vie" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The priesthoods of public religion were held by members of the elite classes. There was no principle analogous to separation of church and state in ancient Rome. During the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), the same men who were elected public officials might also serve as augurs and pontiffs. Priests married, raised families, and led politically active lives. Julius Caesar became pontifex maximus before he was elected consul. The augurs read the will of the gods and supervised the marking of boundaries as a reflection of universal order, thus sanctioning Roman expansionism as a matter of divine destiny. The Roman triumph was at its core a religious procession in which the victorious general displayed his piety and his willingness to serve the public good by dedicating a portion of his spoils to the gods, especially Jupiter, who embodied just rule. As a result of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC), when Rome struggled to establish itself as a dominant power, many new temples were built by magistrates in fulfillment of a vow to a deity for assuring their military success.", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Le Journal de Mickey is a French weekly comics magazine established in 1934, featuring Disney comics from France and around the world. The magazine is currently published by Disney Hachette Presse. It is centered on the adventures of Mickey Mouse and other Disney figures but contains also other comics. It is credited with \"the birth of the modern bande dessinée\". It is now the most popular French weekly magazine for children between 8 and 13 years old.", "title": "Le Journal de Mickey" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nation with David Speers is an Australian television program on Sky News Australia. The program discusses political issues of the week with a panel of political contributors, moderated by host David Speers. The weekly program was one of two shows hosted by Speers, the other being the four-times weekly \"PM Agenda\".", "title": "The Nation with David Speers" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Respekt is a Czech weekly newsmagazine published in Prague, the Czech Republic, reporting on domestic and foreign political and economic issues, as well as on science and culture.", "title": "Respekt" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Salem, Massachusetts to two unwed first cousins, Jones Very became associated with Harvard University, first as an undergraduate, then as a student in the Harvard Divinity School and as a tutor of Greek. He heavily studied epic poetry and was invited to lecture on the topic in his home town, which drew the attention of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Soon after, Very asserted that he was the Second Coming of Christ, which resulted in his dismissal from Harvard and his eventual institutionalization in an insane asylum. When he was released, Emerson helped him issue a collection called \"Essays and Poems\" in 1839. Very lived the majority of his life as a recluse from then on, issuing poetry only sparingly. He died in 1880.", "title": "Jones Very" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Harvard Crimson competes in 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. Harvard has an intense athletic rivalry with Yale University culminating in The Game, although the Harvard–Yale Regatta predates the football game. This rivalry, though, is put aside every two years when the Harvard and Yale Track and Field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford University and Cambridge University team, a competition that is the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.", "title": "Harvard University" } ]	What's the name of the weekly publication issued by Harvard's rival, in the town where Hezekiah Augur was born?	Yale Herald	[]	Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County. Title: Harvard University Passage: The Harvard Crimson competes in 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. Harvard has an intense athletic rivalry with Yale University culminating in The Game, although the Harvard–Yale Regatta predates the football game. This rivalry, though, is put aside every two years when the Harvard and Yale Track and Field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford University and Cambridge University team, a competition that is the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world. Title: Hezekiah Augur Passage: Augur was born in New Haven, Connecticut. The son of a carpenter, he learned his trade as a woodcarver, carving table legs and other furniture ornament. Borrowing $2,000 from his father, he was invited to join a grocery store business venture. Three years later he discovered, to his shock and amazement, that not only was his money gone, but that he owed his partners $7,000. While thus engaged he invented a lace-making machine that lifted the financial burdens that he had assumed and thus allowed him to take up carving full-time. Around that time he also invented a machine for carving piano legs. He switched to marble later in his career, being among the first native born Americans to do so. Chauncey Ives studied briefly with Augug.	[ "Hezekiah Augur", "New Haven, Connecticut", "Harvard University" ]
2hop__547400_313216	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dean is a small farming & forestry community in the North Branch Musquodoboit in the Musquodoboit Valley along the Halifax Regional Municipality/Colchester County county line, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, along Route 336. Other communities in the North Branch include Elmsvale, Greenwood, Upper Musquodoboit, and Moose River Gold Mines, among others.", "title": "Dean, Nova Scotia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There are various Black Lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada. They vary widely in size, depth and usability. Many counties, such as Cumberland, Halifax, Inverness, and Pictou Counties have more than one Black Lake so named, while other counties mentioned in this article have only one named Black Lake.", "title": "Black Lake (Nova Scotia)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.", "title": "Municipio XIX" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" } ]	What municipality includes the community of Dean, in the province where Black Lake is located?	Halifax Regional Municipality	[ "Halifax" ]	Title: Wardville, Oklahoma Passage: Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007. Title: Black Lake (Nova Scotia) Passage: There are various Black Lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada. They vary widely in size, depth and usability. Many counties, such as Cumberland, Halifax, Inverness, and Pictou Counties have more than one Black Lake so named, while other counties mentioned in this article have only one named Black Lake. Title: Dean, Nova Scotia Passage: Dean is a small farming & forestry community in the North Branch Musquodoboit in the Musquodoboit Valley along the Halifax Regional Municipality/Colchester County county line, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, along Route 336. Other communities in the North Branch include Elmsvale, Greenwood, Upper Musquodoboit, and Moose River Gold Mines, among others.	[ "Dean, Nova Scotia", "Black Lake (Nova Scotia)" ]
3hop1__151329_301867_127418	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.", "title": "Random House" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WCCL is an American radio station physically located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania located at 101.7 FM, but licensed to the community of Central City, Pennsylvania. The oldies formatted station currently carries a syndicated feed of Westwood One's \"Good Time Oldies\" format. The station is owned by Forever Media, LLC.", "title": "WCCL" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KFSE (106.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Kasilof, Alaska. The station is owned by KSRM, Inc. It airs a mainstream rock music format.", "title": "KFSE" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WWAG (107.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve McKee, Kentucky. The station is owned by Dandy Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a Country music format.", "title": "WWAG" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WPMR-LP (95.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Russellville, Alabama. The station is owned by Provision Ministry. It airs a Southern Gospel music format.", "title": "WPMR-LP" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nocturnal is a novel and podcast by author Scott Sigler. The novel was originally released in 2007 in podcast format, with a print format releasing in 2012 by Crown Publishing with some elements from the original version altered.", "title": "Nocturnal (novel)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint on TV is a collection of two mystery novellas by Fleming Lee, continuing the adventures of the sleuth Simon Templar a.k.a. \"The Saint\", created by Leslie Charteris. This book was first published in the United States in 1968 by The Crime Club, and in the United Kingdom later that year by Hodder and Stoughton. This is the first time since 1948's \"Call for the Saint\" that the novella format had been used in the series; with a few exceptions where full-length novels were published, the novella format would remain the norm until the series concluded in the early 1980s. It is the first of three Saint books to first see publication in 1968, which was also the 40th anniversary of the character's introduction.", "title": "The Saint on TV" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KHWI (92.1 FM), is a radio station in Holualoa, Hawaii broadcasting an Adult Top 40 format. Prior to October 2012, the station simulcasted co-owned KIPA and KHBC. The station is currently owned by Resonate Hawaii, LLC.", "title": "KHWI" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"When a Man Murders\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published in the May 1954 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Three Witnesses\", published by the Viking Press in 1956.", "title": "When a Man Murders" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KGTO (1050 AM, \"Heart & Soul 99.1 & 1050\") is a radio station licensed to serve Tulsa, Oklahoma. The station is owned by Perry Publishing and Broadcasting and licensed to KJMM, Inc. It airs an Urban Adult Contemporary music format. Its studios are located in the Copper Oaks complex in South Tulsa.", "title": "KGTO" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann; it became part of Random House in 1998, when Bertelsmann purchased it to form Bantam Doubleday Dell. It began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions.", "title": "Bantam Books" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Next Witness\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published as \"The Last Witness\" in the May 1955 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Three Witnesses\", published by the Viking Press in 1956.", "title": "The Next Witness" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KONI (104.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Lanai City, Hawaii. The station is owned by Hochman Hawaii Publishing, Inc. It airs an Oldies music format.", "title": "KONI (FM)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CIQB-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a classic hits format at 101.1 FM in Barrie, Ontario. The station uses the on-air brand name Big 101 and is owned by Corus Entertainment, which also owns sister station CHAY-FM.", "title": "CIQB-FM" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Mallon (born November 2, 1951) is an American novelist, essayist, and critic. His novels are renowned for their attention to historical detail and context and for the author's crisp wit and interest in the \"bystanders\" to larger historical events. He is the author of nine books of fiction, including \"Henry and Clara\", \"Two Moons\", \"Dewey Defeats Truman\", \"Aurora 7\", \"Bandbox\", \"Fellow Travelers\", \"Watergate\", and most recently \"Finale\". He has also published nonfiction on plagiarism (\"Stolen Words\"), diaries (\"A Book of One's Own\"), letters (\"Yours Ever\") and the Kennedy assassination (\"Mrs. Paine's Garage\"), as well as two volumes of essays (\"Rockets and Rodeos\" and \"In Fact\").", "title": "Thomas Mallon" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz Jägerstätter is a book written by Gordon Zahn originally published in 1964.", "title": "In Solitary Witness" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KKDA-FM, known as K104, has been a leading radio station in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex for 46 years. It is a longtime heritage Urban Contemporary formatted station that broadcasts on 104.5 MHz. It is owned by Service Broadcasting Corporation alongside KRNB and its former AM counterpart KKDA AM. Its studios are located in Arlington, Texas, and the transmitter site is in Cedar Hill.", "title": "KKDA-FM" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Dhalgren\" was officially published in January, 1975 (with copies available on bookshelves as early as the first week in December, 1974), as a paperback original (a Frederik Pohl selection) by Bantam Books. The Bantam edition went through 19 printings, selling slightly more than a million copies.", "title": "Dhalgren" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fifth Witness is the 23rd novel by American author Michael Connelly and features the fourth starring appearance of Los Angeles criminal defense attorney Michael \"Mickey\" Haller. \"The Fifth Witness\" was published in the United States on April 5, 2011.", "title": "The Fifth Witness" } ]	In what year was the owner of Dhalgren's publisher formed?	2001	[]	Title: Dhalgren Passage: "Dhalgren" was officially published in January, 1975 (with copies available on bookshelves as early as the first week in December, 1974), as a paperback original (a Frederik Pohl selection) by Bantam Books. The Bantam edition went through 19 printings, selling slightly more than a million copies. Title: Bantam Books Passage: Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann; it became part of Random House in 1998, when Bertelsmann purchased it to form Bantam Doubleday Dell. It began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions. Title: Random House Passage: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.	[ "Random House", "Bantam Books", "Dhalgren" ]
2hop__605533_62016	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pod Save America ``A no - bullshit conversation about politics. ''Presentation Hosted by Jon Favreau, Daniel Pfeiffer, Jon Lovett, Tommy Vietor Format Weekly political commentary Language English Production Preceded by Keepin 'it 1600 Publication Original release January 2017 -- present Provider Crooked Media Related shows Pod Save the People, Lovett or Leave It Website Pod Save America", "title": "Pod Save America" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ari Lehman (born May 2, 1965 in New York, New York) is an American performing artist, composer, and actor. He is known for having played the first Jason Voorhees as a child in the Paramount horror film \"Friday the 13th\". Lehman currently performs in a punk rock/heavy metal band, First Jason.", "title": "Ari Lehman" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Penn & Teller: Bullshit! is an American documentary television series that aired from 2003 to 2010 on the premium cable channel Showtime.", "title": "Penn & Teller: Bullshit!" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Days of working time in Israel are Sunday through Thursday (for a five-day workweek), or Friday (for a six-day workweek). In observance of Shabbat, in places where Friday is a work day and the majority of population is Jewish, Friday is a \"short day\", usually lasting till 14:00 in the winter, or 16:00 in the summer. Several proposals have been raised to adjust the work week with the majority of the world, and make Sunday a non-working day, while extending working time of other days or replacing Friday with Sunday as a work day.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Freaky Friday ''Single by Lil Dicky featuring Chris Brown Released March 15, 2018 (2018 - 03 - 15) Format Digital download Genre Hip hop comedy hip hop Length 3: 36 Label Dirty Burd Songwriter (s) David Burd Christopher Brown Magnus August Høiberg Lewis Hughes Wilbart McCoy III Joshua Coleman Dijon McFarlane Benjamin Levin Nicholas Audino Producer (s) Benny Blanco Twice as Nice DJ Mustard Lil Dicky singles chronology`` Sit Down'' (2016) ``Freaky Friday ''(2018) Chris Brown singles chronology`` Stranger Things'' (2018) ``Freaky Friday ''(2018)`` Overdose'' (2018) Music video ``Freaky Friday ''on YouTube", "title": "Freaky Friday (song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Come Fill the Cup is a 1951 film starring James Cagney and Gig Young, directed by Gordon Douglas. Young's performance was nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe.", "title": "Come Fill the Cup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Freaky Gurl\" is a song by rapper Gucci Mane from his albums \"Hard to Kill\" and \"Trap-A-Thon\". The song was produced by Cyber Sapp and sampled elements from a 2002 song called \"Lick\" by Joi and Superfreak by Rick James.", "title": "Freaky Gurl" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shoutout! is a teen music reality variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN in the Philippines. The show premiered November 29, 2010, and is hosted by the network's leading stars that include Erich Gonzales, Enchong Dee, Robi Domingo, Sam Concepcion, Arron Villaflor, and Empress Schuck. Joining the hosts are daily teen performers that alternate every week. At the end of the week, all performers collaborate on a Friday all-star cast called TGIF.", "title": "Shoutout!" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Friday is one of the main characters of Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe. Robinson Crusoe names the man, with whom he can not at first communicate, Friday because they first meet on that day. The character is the source of the expression ``Man Friday '', used to describe a male personal assistant or servant, especially one who is particularly competent or loyal. Current usage also includes`` Girl Friday''.", "title": "Friday (Robinson Crusoe)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Come Back When You Grow Up ''is a song written by Martha Sharp and performed by Bobby Vee and The Strangers. The song was a comeback for the 24 year - old Vee, and it reached # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1967. The song appeared on his 1967 album, Come Back When You Grow Up.", "title": "Come Back When You Grow Up" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"She Can't Say That Anymore\" is a song written by Sonny Throckmorton and recorded by American country music performer John Conlee. It was released in September 1980 as the second single from the album \"Friday Night Blues\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "She Can't Say That Anymore" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2009 Friday the 13th reboot, young Jason (Caleb Guss) witnesses his mother's (Nana Visitor) beheading as a child and follows in her footsteps, killing anyone who comes to Crystal Lake. The adult Jason (Derek Mears) kidnaps Whitney Miller (Amanda Righetti), a girl who looks like his mother, and holds her prisoner in his underground tunnels. Months later, Whitney's brother Clay (Jared Padalecki) comes to Crystal Lake and rescues her. Eventually, Whitney uses Jason's devotion to his mother against him, stabbing him with his own machete while he is distracted when she appears.", "title": "Jason Voorhees" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All - time highs All - time lows Closing 22,412.59 Wednesday, September 20, 2017 41.22 Friday, July 8, 1932 Intraday 22,419.51 Thursday, September 21, 2017 40.56 Friday, July 8, 1932 Theoretical 22,521.01 Wednesday, September 20, 2017 40.54 Friday, July 8, 1932", "title": "Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Easter Oratorio (), 249, is an oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach, beginning with (\"Come, hasten and run\"). Bach composed it in Leipzig and first performed it on 1 April 1725.", "title": "Easter Oratorio" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Superstar\" is a song written by Cutfather, Joe Belmaati, and Remee, and performed by Danish pop singer Christine Milton. It was released 2002 as the lead single from her debut studio album, \"Friday\" (2004), and spent seven weeks at number one on the Danish Singles Chart. The song was later covered to international success by British singer Jamelia.", "title": "Superstar (Christine Milton song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Here She Comes Now\"/\"Venus in Furs\" is a split single from the American rock bands Nirvana and The Melvins. It was released in 1991 and includes the songs \"Here She Comes Now\" performed by Nirvana, and \"Venus in Furs\" performed by The Melvins. Both songs are cover versions of Velvet Underground songs.", "title": "Here She Comes Now / Venus in Furs" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freaky Friday is an American musical television film that premiered as a Disney Channel Original Movie on August 10, 2018. Based on the book Freaky Friday by Mary Rodgers and the Disney Theatrical Productions stage adaptation by Bridget Carpenter, the film stars Cozi Zuehlsdorff and Heidi Blickenstaff.", "title": "Freaky Friday (2018 film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "TGI Fridays (formerly stylized as T.G.I. FRiDAY’S) is an American restaurant chain focusing on casual dining. The company is a unit of the Sentinel Capital Partners and TriArtisan Capital Partners, who purchased the company from Carlson Companies in May 2014. The name is asserted to stand for \"Thank God It's Friday\", although some television commercials for the chain have also made use of the alternative phrase, \"Thank Goodness It's Friday.\"", "title": "TGI Fridays" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freaky Friday Directed by Gary Nelson Produced by Ron Miller Written by Mary Rodgers Starring Barbara Harris Jodie Foster John Astin Music by Johnny Mandel Cinematography Charles F. Wheeler Edited by Cotton Warburton Production company Walt Disney Productions Distributed by Buena Vista Distribution Release date December 17, 1976 (1976 - 12 - 17) (Los Angeles premiere) January 21, 1977 (1977 - 01 - 21) (United States) Running time 95 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $5 million Box office $25.9 million", "title": "Freaky Friday (1976 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"No Bullshit\" is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the second single from his second official mixtape \"Fan of a Fan\" (2010). The song was originally recorded for and included on Brown's previous mixtape \"In My Zone\" (2010), and was later included on his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\" (2011). Musically, the song is about Brown encouraging a woman to come back to his apartment in the hope that she will \"do it all night\". It was written by Brown, Kevin McCall and Tha Bizness.", "title": "No Bullshit" } ]	When was the freaky Friday featuring the performer of No Bullshit released?	March 15, 2018	[]	Title: Freaky Friday (song) Passage: ``Freaky Friday ''Single by Lil Dicky featuring Chris Brown Released March 15, 2018 (2018 - 03 - 15) Format Digital download Genre Hip hop comedy hip hop Length 3: 36 Label Dirty Burd Songwriter (s) David Burd Christopher Brown Magnus August Høiberg Lewis Hughes Wilbart McCoy III Joshua Coleman Dijon McFarlane Benjamin Levin Nicholas Audino Producer (s) Benny Blanco Twice as Nice DJ Mustard Lil Dicky singles chronology`` Sit Down'' (2016) ``Freaky Friday ''(2018) Chris Brown singles chronology`` Stranger Things'' (2018) ``Freaky Friday ''(2018)`` Overdose'' (2018) Music video ``Freaky Friday ''on YouTube Title: Jason Voorhees Passage: In the 2009 Friday the 13th reboot, young Jason (Caleb Guss) witnesses his mother's (Nana Visitor) beheading as a child and follows in her footsteps, killing anyone who comes to Crystal Lake. The adult Jason (Derek Mears) kidnaps Whitney Miller (Amanda Righetti), a girl who looks like his mother, and holds her prisoner in his underground tunnels. Months later, Whitney's brother Clay (Jared Padalecki) comes to Crystal Lake and rescues her. Eventually, Whitney uses Jason's devotion to his mother against him, stabbing him with his own machete while he is distracted when she appears. Title: No Bullshit Passage: "No Bullshit" is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the second single from his second official mixtape "Fan of a Fan" (2010). The song was originally recorded for and included on Brown's previous mixtape "In My Zone" (2010), and was later included on his fourth studio album "F.A.M.E." (2011). Musically, the song is about Brown encouraging a woman to come back to his apartment in the hope that she will "do it all night". It was written by Brown, Kevin McCall and Tha Bizness.	[ "Freaky Friday (song)", "No Bullshit" ]
2hop__840927_501351	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Educated at the University of London, Harry Stratford founded Shire Pharmaceticals in 1986 and remained its Chief Executive until 1994.", "title": "Harry Stratford" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roshd Biological Education is a quarterly science educational magazine covering recent developments in biology and biology education for a biology teacher Persian -speaking audience. Founded in 1985, it is published by The Teaching Aids Publication Bureau, Organization for Educational Planning and Research, Ministry of Education, Iran. Roshd Biological Education has an editorial board composed of Iranian biologists, experts in biology education, science journalists and biology teachers.", "title": "Roshd Biological Education" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Providence, Rhode Island on February 27, 1771, Russell graduated from Brown University (then Rhode Island College) in 1791. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but did not practice. He engaged in mercantile pursuits for a number of years. In 1808 he was appointed Collector of the Port of Bristol.", "title": "Jonathan Russell" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Dublin in 1969, Jonathan Philbin Bowman, the son of the historian and broadcaster John Bowman, was educated at Sandford Park School and at Newpark Comprehensive School in Dublin. He chose to leave formal education in his early teens, a decision he announced to the nation on RTÉ's flagship talk programme \"The Late Late Show\".", "title": "Jonathan Philbin Bowman" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, and in 1884, Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles. By about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred \"pilgrims,\" or traveling preachers. Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Quarterback (s) Ref (s) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (2 -- 1) 1984 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (1 -- 1) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1988 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1999 Kitna, Jon! Jon Kitna (0 -- 1) 2003 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) 2005 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (2 -- 1) 2006 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2007 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2012 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2013 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (3 -- 0) 2014 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (2 -- 1) 2015 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2016 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1)", "title": "List of Seattle Seahawks starting quarterbacks" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Russel Farnham was born in Massachusetts in 1784 and left home to join one of two expeditions organized by John Jacob Astor to establish the Pacific Fur Company at the mouth of the Columbia River. Farnham, hired as a clerk, was part of the \"Tonquin\" party under Captain Jonathan Thorn who were to travel by sea around Cape Horn arriving on the Pacific coast. However, the party soon met with disaster with the death of Thorn and the destruction of their ship soon after their arrival.", "title": "Russel Farnham" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westwood High School is a four-year educational institute located in Ishpeming Township, Michigan, USA. Founded in 1974, it is managed by the N.I.C.E. Community Schools school district. The school educates around 360 students in grades 9–12. It is a magnet school.", "title": "Westwood High School (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The daughter of the Canadian actor Tom Busby and Wendy Russell, Siân Busby was educated at Creighton School in Muswell Hill, north London and read English at Sussex University.", "title": "Siân Busby" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyril Alfred Allen Clarke (20 August 1910 – 12 July 2007) was the founding head of Holland Park School, which was the flagship of the comprehensive education ideal. Holland Park School, of which Allen Clarke was the first headmaster, was in the 1960s the most famous of its kind in the UK. Founded in 1958, it was dubbed the \"socialist Eton\" and was the showcase comprehensive school of state education, which aimed to rectify the divisive damage caused by a system that had virtually typecast children as educable or not by the age of 11.", "title": "Allen Clarke (educationalist)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monday Night Brewing is a craft brewery founded in 2006 by Jonathan Baker, Jeff Heck, and Joel Iverson in Atlanta, Georgia.", "title": "Monday Night Brewing" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Practice to Deceive is a 2013 book by the American author Ann Rule that details the murder of Russel Douglas, found shot between the eyes in his car on Whidbey Island, north of Seattle, Washington, the day after Christmas Day 2003. The book was released in October 2013 by Simon & Schuster's Gallery Books imprint.", "title": "Practice to Deceive" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders.", "title": "James Manning (minister)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education Finance and Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal addressing public policy developments affecting educational institutions. Topics covered by the journal include school accountability, education standards, teacher compensation, instructional policy, higher education productivity and finance, and special education. \"Education Finance and Policy\" was founded in 2005 and is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press and the American Education Finance Association. It is also indexed with EconLit.", "title": "Education Finance and Policy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aryan School is a co-educational independent boarding school in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Founded in 2001 by Sunny Gupta director of Wheezal Labs, \"the biggest homoeopathic combinations unit in northern India\". The school offers modern education based on the Vedic principal.", "title": "The Aryan School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Preventice, Inc., formerly known as Boost Information Systems, Inc., was founded in 2007 by Jonathan Otterstatter, Scott Burrichter, Greg Wobig and Dan Spors. The company has headquarters in Rochester, MN", "title": "Preventice" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The English School Fahaheel Kuwait is a co-educational day school located in Mangaf, Kuwait, that was founded in 1968. The school is open to students from 4 to 18 years of age. Apart from a school opened by the Kuwait Oil Company for the children of its employees, (which closed two years after The English School Of Fahaheel Kuwait was founded) it was the first school in South Kuwait to provide English education. The chairman of the school is Ibrahim Shuhaiber and the current principal is Russell Dunlop.", "title": "English School Fahaheel Kuwait" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Crowe Buck (November 25, 1884 -- July 24, 1943) was an American college sports coach and physical education instructor. He founded the YMCA College of Physical Education at Madras in 1920, which played a key role in promoting sports and in establishing the Olympic movement in India. He has been called ``The Father of Physical Education in India ''. He was also one of the founding members of the Olympic movement in India and the Indian Olympic Association, and was manager of the Indian team at the 1924 Olympics.", "title": "Harry Buck" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Children's of Alabama is a pediatric health system in Birmingham, Alabama. The system's main hospital is located on the city's Southside, with additional outpatient facilities and primary care centers throughout central Alabama. The addition of the Benjamin Russell Hospital for Children to the main campus created the 'Russell campus', and makes it the third largest children's hospital in the United States. It is home to the University of Alabama at Birmingham's pediatric residency program, giving it some traits of a teaching hospital. The hospital was founded in 1911.", "title": "Children's of Alabama" } ]	Who founded the university attended by Jonathan Russell?	James Manning	[]	Title: Monday Night Brewing Passage: Monday Night Brewing is a craft brewery founded in 2006 by Jonathan Baker, Jeff Heck, and Joel Iverson in Atlanta, Georgia. Title: Jonathan Russell Passage: Born in Providence, Rhode Island on February 27, 1771, Russell graduated from Brown University (then Rhode Island College) in 1791. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but did not practice. He engaged in mercantile pursuits for a number of years. In 1808 he was appointed Collector of the Port of Bristol. Title: James Manning (minister) Passage: James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders.	[ "Jonathan Russell", "James Manning (minister)" ]
2hop__194593_50751	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.[citation needed] Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "title": "Numero sign" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Odia is the official language along with English as center state communication. Odia is spoken as a native language by 82.7% of the population according to 2011 census. Other minority languages of the state are Hindi, Telugu, Santali, Kui, Urdu, Bengali and Ho.", "title": "Odisha" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages:", "title": "Baltic Sea" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relative is Slovak, with which it is mutually intelligible. It is closely related to other West Slavic languages, such as Silesian and Polish. Although most Czech vocabulary is based on shared roots with Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages, many loanwords (most associated with high culture) have been adopted in recent years.", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "title": "Languages of South America" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lithuanian (Lithuanian: lietuvių kalba) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200 thousand abroad.", "title": "Lithuanian language" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "title": "Languages of Brazil" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wood Frisian (West Frisian: \"Wâldfrysk\") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called \"Wâlden\" (English: \"woods\"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland.", "title": "Wood Frisian" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "title": "Gonja language" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Shōtōkan nijū kun (Japanese language: ) are the \"twenty instructions\" of the Okinawan martial arts master Gichin Funakoshi, whose pen name was Shōtō. All students of Shōtōkan karate are encouraged to live, practice, and teach the principles to others.", "title": "Nijū kun" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "title": "Ancient Egypt" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "title": "Languages of Mexico" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kami is the Japanese word for a god, deity, divinity, or spirit. It has been used to describe mind (心霊), God (ゴッド), supreme being (至上者), one of the Shinto deities, an effigy, a principle, and anything that is worshipped.", "title": "Kami" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The only official language of the Falkland Islands is English, and this is spoken by almost everyone on a day-to-day basis. Spanish is spoken by 10% of the population, a significant minority. Most of the Spanish speakers are immigrants, foreign workers, and expats, predominantly from Chile and Argentina.", "title": "Languages of the Falkland Islands" } ]	What spirits are associated with shintoism in the religion of the people whose language is used by Gichin Funakoshi?	Kami	[ "kami" ]	Title: Kami Passage: Kami is the Japanese word for a god, deity, divinity, or spirit. It has been used to describe mind (心霊), God (ゴッド), supreme being (至上者), one of the Shinto deities, an effigy, a principle, and anything that is worshipped. Title: Nijū kun Passage: The Shōtōkan nijū kun (Japanese language: ) are the "twenty instructions" of the Okinawan martial arts master Gichin Funakoshi, whose pen name was Shōtō. All students of Shōtōkan karate are encouraged to live, practice, and teach the principles to others. Title: Lithuanian language Passage: Lithuanian (Lithuanian: lietuvių kalba) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200 thousand abroad.	[ "Nijū kun", "Kami" ]
2hop__68778_159536	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was the 14th edition of the global-level indoor track and field competition and was held between March 9–11, 2012 at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first of four IAAF World Athletics Series events in 2012, which includes the World Race Walking Cup, the World Junior Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships.", "title": "2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Athletics High jump Yelena Slesarenko using the Fosbury Flop technique during the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Men's records World Javier Sotomayor 2.45 m (8 ft 0 ⁄ in) (1993) Olympic Charles Austin 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) (1996) Women's records World Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m (6 ft 10 ⁄ in) (1987) Olympic Yelena Slesarenko 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) (2004)", "title": "High jump" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all - time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015. Ronaldo made his senior international debut in August 2003, at age 18. He is Portugal's most capped player of all - time with over 140 caps, and has participated in seven major tournaments. He is Portugal's all - time top goalscorer. He scored his first international goal at Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final. He took over full captaincy in July 2008, leading Portugal to their first - ever triumph in a major tournament by winning Euro 2016, and received the Silver Boot as the second - highest goalscorer of the tournament. One of the most marketable sportsmen, he was ranked the world's highest - paid athlete by Forbes in 2016 and 2017, as well as the world's most famous athlete by ESPN in 2016 and 2017.", "title": "Cristiano Ronaldo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joe C. Specker (January 10, 1921 – January 7, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.", "title": "Joe C. Specker" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 5th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 10 March to 12 March 1995. Almost 600 athletes from 131 nations participated in 27 events.", "title": "1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ova Arthur Kelley (March 27, 1914 – December 10, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.", "title": "Ova A. Kelley" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orville Emil Bloch (February 10, 1915 – May 28, 1983) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.", "title": "Orville Emil Bloch" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Production was completed on May 10, 2015, and Jurassic World was released in over sixty countries beginning on June 10, 2015. After a record - breaking opening weekend during which it became the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide, Jurassic World generated a $1.6 billion in box office revenue, ranking fifth among the highest - grossing films of all time. It was also the second - highest - grossing film of 2015 and the highest - grossing film in the franchise. A sequel titled Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom was released in June 2018.", "title": "Jurassic World" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edwin Regur Sweetland (January 10, 1875 – October 21, 1950) was a coach, trainer, and athletic administrator at several American universities. During his coaching career he was head coach of many sports including basketball, track and field and crew, but the majority of for his coaching work was in football. Though mainly known for football, he left his mark on several other sports. He was the first paid coach of the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team and the Syracuse University rowing team.", "title": "Edwin Sweetland" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground, as well as 5 basement levels. It was not only the first building in the world to break the half - kilometer mark in height, but also the world's tallest building from March 2004 to 10 March 2010. As of 28 July 2011, it is still the world's largest and highest - use green building.", "title": "Taipei 101" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 22, 1894, the Parisian magazine Le Petit Journal organized what is considered to be the world's first motoring competition, from Paris to Rouen. One hundred and two competitors paid a 10 - franc entrance fee.", "title": "Auto racing" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rank Name Sport Nation Total Salary / Winnings Endorsements Cristiano Ronaldo Football Portugal $93 million $58 million $35 million LeBron James Basketball United States $86.2 million $31.2 million $55 million Lionel Messi Football Argentina $80 million $53 million $27 million Roger Federer Tennis Switzerland $64 million $6 million $58 million 5 Kevin Durant Basketball United States $60.6 million $26.6 million $34 million 6 Andrew Luck American football United States $50 million $47 million $3 million 6 Rory McIlroy Golf Northern Ireland $50 million $16 million $34 million 8 Stephen Curry Basketball United States $47.3 million $12.3 million $35 million 9 James Harden Basketball United States $46.6 million $26.6 million $20 million 10 Lewis Hamilton Auto racing England $46 million $38 million $8 million", "title": "Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mistinguett (, born Jeanne Florentine Bourgeois; 3 April 1875 – 5 January 1956) was a French actress and singer. She was at one time the highest-paid female entertainer in the world.", "title": "Mistinguett" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM (European Portuguese: [kɾiʃˈtjɐnu ʁoˈnaɫdu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player, and is the first player to win four European Golden Shoes. He has won 29 trophies in his career, including six league titles, five UEFA Champions League's, one UEFA European Championship, and one UEFA Nations League. A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in the UEFA Champions League (126), the UEFA European Championship (9), as well as those for most assists in the UEFA Champions League (34) and the UEFA European Championship (6). He has scored over 700 senior career goals for club and country.", "title": "Cristiano Ronaldo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest - paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty - million - dollar range. In this twelve - year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003 -- 04 season. Garnett has been the highest - paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997 -- 98 season, Jordan earned $33,000,000. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013 -- 14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016 -- 17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40 - Million per year when he signed a record 5 year contract worth $201 - Million in 2017.", "title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carly Janiga (born October 19, 1988) is an American former gymnast. She attended and competed for Stanford University. She has won gold medals in FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup competition and was NCAA champion in the uneven bars in 2010. She was named the Pacific-10 Conference Scholar Athlete of the Year in 2010.", "title": "Carly Janiga" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Weeks later, Disney launched the series following Super Bowl XXI on January 25, 1987 with a commercial featuring New York Giants quarterback Phil Simms. Simms was paid a reported $75,000 for his participation. The company later aired three more ads that year with other athletes following major sports championships.", "title": "I'm going to Disney World!" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2009, he sold his 1741 Guarneri del Gesù violin (previously owned by Paul Kochanski), which he had purchased in 1957 from the widow of Kochanski, to a Russian businessman for around US$10 million. This was believed to be the highest price ever paid for a violin, and Rosand donated $1.5 million to the Curtis Institute of Music.", "title": "Aaron Rosand" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Being the host nation, Australia sent a contingent of 474 athletes, participating in all of the 18 sports staged. Though only 469 competed. This was the highest number of athletes to represent Australia in a Commonwealth Games ever, eclipsing their previous record of 417 athletes at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games. Hockey athlete Mark Knowles was the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony.", "title": "Australia at the 2018 Commonwealth Games" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest - paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty - million - dollar range. In this twelve - year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003 -- 04 season. Garnett has been the highest - paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997 -- 98 season, Jordan earned $33,000,000. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013 -- 14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016 -- 17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40 - Million per year when he signed a record 5 - year contract worth $201 - Million in 2017.", "title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season" } ]	Who is the highest paid athlete in the world known for?	a Portuguese professional footballer	[]	Title: Cristiano Ronaldo Passage: Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM (European Portuguese: [kɾiʃˈtjɐnu ʁoˈnaɫdu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player, and is the first player to win four European Golden Shoes. He has won 29 trophies in his career, including six league titles, five UEFA Champions League's, one UEFA European Championship, and one UEFA Nations League. A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in the UEFA Champions League (126), the UEFA European Championship (9), as well as those for most assists in the UEFA Champions League (34) and the UEFA European Championship (6). He has scored over 700 senior career goals for club and country. Title: Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes Passage: Rank Name Sport Nation Total Salary / Winnings Endorsements Cristiano Ronaldo Football Portugal $93 million $58 million $35 million LeBron James Basketball United States $86.2 million $31.2 million $55 million Lionel Messi Football Argentina $80 million $53 million $27 million Roger Federer Tennis Switzerland $64 million $6 million $58 million 5 Kevin Durant Basketball United States $60.6 million $26.6 million $34 million 6 Andrew Luck American football United States $50 million $47 million $3 million 6 Rory McIlroy Golf Northern Ireland $50 million $16 million $34 million 8 Stephen Curry Basketball United States $47.3 million $12.3 million $35 million 9 James Harden Basketball United States $46.6 million $26.6 million $20 million 10 Lewis Hamilton Auto racing England $46 million $38 million $8 million Title: Ova A. Kelley Passage: Ova Arthur Kelley (March 27, 1914 – December 10, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.	[ "Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes", "Cristiano Ronaldo" ]
2hop__732098_68737	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers. Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. Cliffhanger endings in his serial publications kept readers in suspense. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback. For example, when his wife's chiropodist expressed distress at the way Miss Mowcher in David Copperfield seemed to reflect her disabilities, Dickens improved the character with positive features. His plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. Masses of the illiterate poor chipped in ha'pennies to have each new monthly episode read to them, opening up and inspiring a new class of readers.", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sabrina Jeffries is the pen name of a best-selling American author of romance novels, who also writes under the pen names Deborah Martin and Deborah Nicholas.", "title": "Sabrina Jeffries" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smoke is a novel by bestselling author Lisa Unger writing as Lisa Miscione. It is the fourth and final book featuring Lydia Strong.", "title": "Smoke (Miscione novel)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carina Rozenfeld (born February 13, 1972 in Paris) is a French author who writes children's books in the science-fiction and fantasy genres.", "title": "Carina Rozenfeld" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mister Tinker in Oz is an apocryphal Oz book, authored by James Howe and published in 1985 by Random House involving an inventor responsible for Tik-Tok the Clockwork man and Dorothy and their adventure in Oz.", "title": "Mister Tinker in Oz" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby is an 8½ hour-long adaptation of Charles Dickens’ novel, performed in two parts. Part 1 was 4 hours in length with one interval of 15 minutes. Part 2 was 4½ hours in length with two intervals of 12 minutes. It was originally presented onstage over two evenings, or in its entirety from early afternoon with a dinner break. Later it was presented on television over four evenings.", "title": "The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (play)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph M. Williams (18 August 1933, Cleveland, Ohio – 22 February 2008, South Haven, Michigan) was a professor in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago where he promoted clarity in writing for many years. He authored several books on language and writing.", "title": "Joseph M. Williams" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Volcano Adventure is a 1956 children's book by the Canadian-born American author Willard Price featuring his \"Adventure\" series characters, Hal and Roger Hunt. It depicts a journey to several of the world's most dangerous volcanoes. The story involves the brothers meeting a volcanologist and deals with volcanology, perhaps one of the more scientific of Price's novels.", "title": "Volcano Adventure" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tale of Pigling Bland is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1913. The story describes the adventures of the pig of the title and how his life changes upon meeting a soul mate, in much the same way that Potter's life was changing at the time the book was published.", "title": "The Tale of Pigling Bland" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Outsiders is a coming - of - age novel by S.E. Hinton, first published in 1967 by Viking Press. Hinton was 15 when she started writing the novel, but did most of the work when she was 16 and a junior in high school. Hinton was 18 when the book was published. The book follows two rival groups, the Greasers and the Socs (pronounced by the author as / ˈsoʊʃɪz /, short for Socials), who are divided by their socioeconomic status. The story is told in first - person narrative by protagonist Ponyboy Curtis.", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allan Woodrow (born November 6, 1964) is an American author of children's literature, mostly middle grade fiction. His first book, the \"Rotten Adventures of Zachary Ruthless\", debuted in 2011 and was published by HarperCollins Children's Books.", "title": "Allan Woodrow (author)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pilgrim at Tinker Creek is a 1974 nonfiction narrative book by American author Annie Dillard. Told from a first-person point of view, the book details an unnamed narrator's explorations near her home, and various contemplations on nature and life. The title refers to Tinker Creek, which is outside Roanoke in Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains. Dillard began writing \"Pilgrim\" in the spring of 1973, using her personal journals as inspiration. Separated into four sections that signify each of the seasons, the narrative takes place over the period of one year.", "title": "Pilgrim at Tinker Creek" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brian McConnachie (born December 23, 1942) is an American actor, comedy writer, and children's book author. In 1982, he won an Emmy Award as part of the writing team for \"SCTV Network\", and in 1979 he was nominated for an Emmy as part of the writing team for \"Saturday Night Live\".", "title": "Brian McConnachie" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mitch Finley (born December 17, 1945) is an American author who writes on religious and Catholic subjects. He has written over thirty books and has won eleven Catholic Press Awards, and an Excellence in Writing Award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors.", "title": "Mitch Finley" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Jonathan Anselm Williams (born October 1942 in Walthamstow, Essex, now London, UK), writing as Nicholas Williams or sometimes N.J.A. Williams, is a leading expert and poet on the Cornish language.", "title": "Nicholas Williams" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reading Myself and Others (1975) is an anthology of essays, interviews and criticism by the author Philip Roth. The first half of the book is built mainly upon Roth's assessment of his own published works at the time of the anthology's publication. The second half of the volume consists of essays and introductions by Roth about other authors. Many of the essays were occasioned by the abrupt fame and scrutiny which came to Roth upon the publication of his storm-provoking fourth novel, \"Portnoy's Complaint\" (1969). In the \"Author's Note\", Roth writes that the selections in the book \"are largely the by-products of getting started as a novelist, and then of taking stock.\"", "title": "Reading Myself and Others" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iceberg is an adventure novel by Clive Cussler published in the United States by Dodd, Mead & Company in 1975. This is the 2nd published book to feature the author’s primary protagonist Dirk Pitt.", "title": "Iceberg (Cussler novel)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leslie Crichton Porteous (1901–1991) was an author (writing under the name of Crichton Porteous) of fiction and non-fiction – books, articles and short stories – many of them about life in the Peak District of northern England, and often set in specific Peak locations (\"Toad Hole\" and \"Broken River\", for example, are set in the Derwent Valley).", "title": "Crichton Porteous" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Travels (published in 1988) is a nonfiction book by Michael Crichton that details Crichton's attempts to leave his medical education at Harvard Medical School, followed by his subsequent travel to Los Angeles and adventures continuing his professional writing career, beginning with \"The Great Train Robbery\" (1975). After his initial book became a movie starring Sean Connery, Crichton describes his adventures over the world, and ultimately his experience with mysticism, including out-of-body experiences, astral projection, and fortune-telling.", "title": "Travels (book)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837) The Adventures of Oliver Twist (Monthly serial in Bentley's Miscellany, February 1837 to April 1839) The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (Monthly serial, April 1838 to October 1839) The Old Curiosity Shop (Weekly serial in Master Humphrey's Clock, April 1840 to November 1841) Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (Weekly serial in Master Humphrey's Clock, February to November 1841) A Christmas Carol (1843) The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (Monthly serial, January 1843 to July 1844) Dombey and Son (Monthly serial, October 1846 to April 1848) David Copperfield (Monthly serial, May 1849 to November 1850) Bleak House (Monthly serial, March 1852 to September 1853) Hard Times: For These Times (Weekly serial in Household Words, 1 April 1854, to 12 August 1854) Little Dorrit (Monthly serial, December 1855 to June 1857) A Tale of Two Cities (Weekly serial in All the Year Round, 30 April 1859, to 26 November 1859) Great Expectations (Weekly serial in All the Year Round, 1 December 1860 to 3 August 1861) Our Mutual Friend (Monthly serial, May 1864 to November 1865) The Mystery of Edwin Drood left unfinished due to Dickens's death (Monthly serial, April 1870 to September 1870)", "title": "Charles Dickens" } ]	When did The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby author start to write books?	1836	[]	Title: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (play) Passage: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby is an 8½ hour-long adaptation of Charles Dickens’ novel, performed in two parts. Part 1 was 4 hours in length with one interval of 15 minutes. Part 2 was 4½ hours in length with two intervals of 12 minutes. It was originally presented onstage over two evenings, or in its entirety from early afternoon with a dinner break. Later it was presented on television over four evenings. Title: Carina Rozenfeld Passage: Carina Rozenfeld (born February 13, 1972 in Paris) is a French author who writes children's books in the science-fiction and fantasy genres. Title: Charles Dickens Passage: Dickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers. Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. Cliffhanger endings in his serial publications kept readers in suspense. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback. For example, when his wife's chiropodist expressed distress at the way Miss Mowcher in David Copperfield seemed to reflect her disabilities, Dickens improved the character with positive features. His plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. Masses of the illiterate poor chipped in ha'pennies to have each new monthly episode read to them, opening up and inspiring a new class of readers.	[ "Charles Dickens", "The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (play)" ]
4hop1__667316_145054_65293_48285	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Get Up! Starring Mike Greenberg Michelle Beadle Jalen Rose Country of origin United States Production Location (s) New York City Running time 3 hours Release Original network ESPN Original release April 2, 2018 -- present", "title": "Get Up! (TV program)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tenochtitlan was founded on an islet in the western part of the lake in the year 1325. Around it, the Aztecs created a large artificial island using a system similar to the creation of chinampas. To overcome the problems of drinking water, the Aztecs built a system of dams to separate the salty waters of the lake from the rain water of the effluents. It also permitted them to control the level of the lake. The city also had an inner system of channels that helped to control the water.", "title": "Lake Texcoco" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After her dismissal from the crime lab, Aiden is apparently working on getting her private investigator's license while continuing to search for evidence that would conclusively tie Pratt to the Regina Bowen case. In the penultimate season 2 episode, ``Heroes '', Aiden, after shadowing Pratt for months, is lured, ambushed, and brutally murdered by him, her body incinerated inside a stolen car. However, knowing that her time is drawing short, she leaves behind critical evidence that she knows will help her former colleagues to close in on Pratt and finally see him arrested.", "title": "Aiden Burn" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liz (voiced by Catherine Thompson in the CD ROM games) is the class pet Jackson's chameleon who goes on most of the field trips with Ms. Frizzle and the students, often getting herself into dangerous comedic situations. She appears to get jealous when the bus receives more attention than she does. In the episode ``Gets Ants In Its Pants '', she is visibly annoyed and disappointed when she does not get the recognition she deserves.", "title": "List of The Magic School Bus characters" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fluoride was first added to the drinking water for the Victorian town of Bacchus Marsh in 1962, with Melbourne beginning fluoridation in 1977. The towns of Portland, Nhill, Port Fairy, Barnawartha, and Kaniva have naturally occurring fluoride in their drinking water. In August 2012 approximately 90% of the Victorian population had access to fluoridated water. The fluoridation of Victoria's drinking water supplies is regulated by the Health (Fluoridation) Act 1973, by the Department of Health.", "title": "Water fluoridation in Australia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michael Angelo Batio (; born February 23, 1956), also known as Mike Batio or MAB, is an American heavy metal guitarist and columnist from Chicago, Illinois. He was the lead guitarist for the Los Angeles-based glam metal band Nitro in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "title": "Michael Angelo Batio" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Safe Drinking Water Act Long title An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act to assure that the public is provided with safe drinking water, and for other purposes Nicknames SDWA Enacted by the 93rd United States Congress Effective December 16, 1974 Citations Public law Pub. L. 93 - 523 Statutes at Large 88 Stat. 1660 (1974) Codification Titles amended 42 U.S.C. sections created 42 U.S.C. § 300f Legislative history Introduced in the Senate as S. 433 by Warren Magnuson (D -- WA) on January 18, 1973 Committee consideration by Senate Commerce, House Commerce Passed the Senate on June 22, 1973 Passed the House on November 19, 1974 (296 - 84 as H.R. 13002) with amendment Senate agreed to House amendment on November 26, 1974 () with further amendment House agreed to Senate amendment on December 3, 1974 () Signed into law by President Gerald Ford on December 16, 1974 Major amendments Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986, Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996", "title": "Safe Drinking Water Act" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Once all the players have completed their hands, it is the dealer's turn. The dealer hand will not be completed if all players have either busted or received Blackjacks. The dealer then reveals the hidden card and must hit until the cards total 17 or more points. (At most tables the dealer also hits on a ``soft ''17, i.e. a hand containing an ace and one or more other cards totaling six.) Players win by not busting and having a total higher than the dealer, or not busting and having the dealer bust, or getting a blackjack without the dealer getting a blackjack. If the player and dealer have the same total (not counting blackjacks), this is called a`` push'', and the player typically does not win or lose money on that hand. Otherwise, the dealer wins.", "title": "Blackjack" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Penna Ahobilam Balancing Reservoir (PABR) is an irrigation project located across Penna River in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Anantapur city gets its drinking water from the PABR. The reservoir with live storage capacity of 305 million cubic metres is mainly fed by Tungabhadra high level canal originating from the Tungabhadra Dam to the extent of 10 Tmcft water. A 20 MW hydro electric power station is also constructed at the dam site.", "title": "PABR Dam" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices (commonly abbreviated as HWS2) is the sixth studio album by American progressive metal musician Michael Angelo Batio, released on September 8, 2009. Unlike the majority of his previous albums, which were almost exclusively instrumental, \"HWS2\" features vocal performances on all tracks. The album features a number of guest musicians, in addition to vocalist Warren Dunlevy, Jr. and drummer Joe Babiak, who previously performed on Batio's 2007 compilation album \"2 X Again\". The album features a bonus track entitled \"MAB Forum Shreddathon\", which includes guitar solos by members of the official MAB forum, written by Los Angeles-based metal guitarist and longtime forum member Maxxxwell Carlisle.", "title": "Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In April and May the wind often comes off Lake Michigan (less than a mile to the east), which means a northeast wind ``blowing in ''to knock down potential home runs and turn them into outs. In the summer, however, or on any warm and breezy day, the wind often comes from the south and the southwest, which means the wind is`` blowing out'' and has the potential to turn normally harmless fly balls into home runs. A third variety is the cross-wind, which typically runs from the left field corner to the right field corner and causes all sorts of havoc. Depending on the direction of the wind, Wrigley can either be one of the friendliest parks in the major leagues for pitchers or among the worst. This makes Wrigley one of the most unpredictable parks in the Major Leagues.", "title": "Wrigley Field" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.", "title": "Sloan Park" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A \"lock-in\" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canal de l'Aqueduc is an open-air aqueduct canal on the Island of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, serving part of the drinking water needs of the city of Montreal.", "title": "Canal de l'Aqueduc" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.", "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As with some other countries, water fluoridation in the United States is a contentious issue. As of May 2000, 42 of the 50 largest U.S. cities had water fluoridation. On January 25, 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan, became the first community in the United States to fluoridate its drinking water to prevent tooth decay.", "title": "Water fluoridation in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The water cribs in Chicago are structures built to house and protect offshore water intakes used to supply the City of Chicago with drinking water from Lake Michigan. Water is collected and transported through tunnels located close to 200 feet beneath the lake, varying in shape from circular to oval, and ranging in diameter from 10 to 20 feet. The tunnels lead from the cribs to one of two water purification plants located onshore, the Jardine Water Purification Plant (the world's largest) and the Eugene Sawyer Water Purification Plant, where the water is then treated before being pumped to all parts of the city as well as 118 suburbs.", "title": "Water cribs in Chicago" } ]	How close is Wrigley Field to the lake supplying drinking water to the birth city of the performer of Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices?	less than a mile to the east	[ "Mile" ]	Title: Michael Angelo Batio Passage: Michael Angelo Batio (; born February 23, 1956), also known as Mike Batio or MAB, is an American heavy metal guitarist and columnist from Chicago, Illinois. He was the lead guitarist for the Los Angeles-based glam metal band Nitro in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Title: Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices Passage: Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices (commonly abbreviated as HWS2) is the sixth studio album by American progressive metal musician Michael Angelo Batio, released on September 8, 2009. Unlike the majority of his previous albums, which were almost exclusively instrumental, "HWS2" features vocal performances on all tracks. The album features a number of guest musicians, in addition to vocalist Warren Dunlevy, Jr. and drummer Joe Babiak, who previously performed on Batio's 2007 compilation album "2 X Again". The album features a bonus track entitled "MAB Forum Shreddathon", which includes guitar solos by members of the official MAB forum, written by Los Angeles-based metal guitarist and longtime forum member Maxxxwell Carlisle. Title: Water cribs in Chicago Passage: The water cribs in Chicago are structures built to house and protect offshore water intakes used to supply the City of Chicago with drinking water from Lake Michigan. Water is collected and transported through tunnels located close to 200 feet beneath the lake, varying in shape from circular to oval, and ranging in diameter from 10 to 20 feet. The tunnels lead from the cribs to one of two water purification plants located onshore, the Jardine Water Purification Plant (the world's largest) and the Eugene Sawyer Water Purification Plant, where the water is then treated before being pumped to all parts of the city as well as 118 suburbs. Title: Wrigley Field Passage: In April and May the wind often comes off Lake Michigan (less than a mile to the east), which means a northeast wind ``blowing in ''to knock down potential home runs and turn them into outs. In the summer, however, or on any warm and breezy day, the wind often comes from the south and the southwest, which means the wind is`` blowing out'' and has the potential to turn normally harmless fly balls into home runs. A third variety is the cross-wind, which typically runs from the left field corner to the right field corner and causes all sorts of havoc. Depending on the direction of the wind, Wrigley can either be one of the friendliest parks in the major leagues for pitchers or among the worst. This makes Wrigley one of the most unpredictable parks in the Major Leagues.	[ "Michael Angelo Batio", "Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices", "Wrigley Field", "Water cribs in Chicago" ]
2hop__37639_86587	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. The national motto \"In God We Trust\" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature. A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, \"With God, all things are possible\", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kermes is also mentioned in the Bible. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to have the Israelites bring him an offering including cloth \"of blue, and purple, and scarlet.\" The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning \"colored twice with coccus.\" Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye. This was also the origin of the expression \"dyed in the grain.\"", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``In God We Trust ''is the official motto of the United States of America and of the U.S. state of Florida. It was adopted as the nation's motto in 1956 as a replacement or alternative to the unofficial motto of E pluribus unum, which was adopted when the Great Seal of the United States was created and adopted in 1782.", "title": "In God We Trust" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers. The likelihood of developing COPD increases with the total smoke exposure. Additionally, women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoke than men. In non-smokers, exposure to second-hand smoke is the cause in up to 20% of cases. Other types of smoke, such as, marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk. Water-pipe smoke appears to be as harmful as smoking cigarettes. Problems from marijuana smoke may only be with heavy use. Women who smoke during pregnancy may increase the risk of COPD in their child. For the same amount of cigarette smoking, women have a higher risk of COPD than men.", "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law, Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, which took effect on January 1, 1968, that required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seat belts in all designated seating positions. This law has since been modified to require three - point seat belts in outboard - seating positions, and finally three - point seat belts in all seating positions. Initially, seat belt use was voluntary. New York was the first state to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on December 1, 1984. Officer Nicholas Cimmino of the Westchester County Department of Public Safety wrote the nation's first ticket for such violation.", "title": "Seat belt laws in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the United States. The Amish believe that one effective way to educate children is on the job. The new law allows Amish children the ability to work with their families, once they are passed eighth grade in school.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name of the state was changed from Orissa to Odisha, and the name of its language from Oriya to Odia, in 2011, by the passage of the Orissa (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2010 and the Constitution (113th Amendment) Bill, 2010 in the Parliament. After a brief debate, the lower house, Lok Sabha, passed the bill and amendment on 9 November 2010. On 24 March 2011, Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Parliament, also passed the bill and the amendment.", "title": "Odisha" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``In God We Trust ''first appeared on the two - cent piece in 1864 and has appeared on paper currency since 1957. A law passed in a Joint Resolution by the 84th Congress (P.L. 84 - 140) and approved by President Dwight Eisenhower on July 30, 1956, declared`` In God We Trust'' must appear on American currency. This phrase was first used on paper money in 1957, when it appeared on the one - dollar silver certificate. The first paper currency bearing the phrase entered circulation on October 1, 1957. The 84th Congress later passed legislation (P.L. 84 - 851), also signed by President Eisenhower on July 30, 1956, declaring the phrase to be the national motto.", "title": "In God We Trust" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Tennessee's 2007 statewide smoking law, the Non-Smoker Protection Act, prohibits smoking statewide in all public places in Tennessee, except as exempted; (1) any business, including a bar or restaurant, that does not serve persons under 21, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) tobacco industry - related facilities, (4) outdoor areas and areas with an open garage door, (5) nursing homes, (6) designated smoking areas not accessible to the general public in businesses with three or fewer employees, (7) private clubs, (8) private residences and vehicles unless it is being used for child care, daycare, or public transportation of children, (9) retail tobacco stores, and (10) commercial vehicles occupied solely by the operator. Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``In God We Trust ''is the official motto of the United States. It was adopted as the nation's motto in 1956 as an alternative or replacement to the unofficial motto of E pluribus unum, which was adopted when the Great Seal of the United States was created and adopted in 1782.", "title": "In God We Trust" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The next advancement was the vacuum tube detector, invented by Westinghouse engineers. On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden used a synchronous rotary - spark transmitter for the first radio program broadcast, from Ocean Bluff - Brant Rock, Massachusetts. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing O Holy Night on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible. This was, for all intents and purposes, the first transmission of what is now known as amplitude modulation or AM radio.", "title": "History of radio" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law, Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, which took effect on January 1, 1968, that required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seat belts in all designated seating positions. This law has since been modified to require three - point seat belts in outboard - seating positions, and finally three - point seat belts in all seating positions. Initially, seat belt use was voluntary. New York was the first state to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on December 1, 1984. Officer Nicholas Cimmino of the link Westchester County Department of Public Safety wrote the nations first ticket for such violation.", "title": "Seat belt laws in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hitler agreed to these amendments and the bill was signed into law on 7 April 1933. In practice, the amendments excluded most Jewish civil servants and not until after Hindenburg's death in 1934, were they disallowed. Nonetheless, passage of the \"Berufsbeamtengesetz\" was a crucial turning point in the history of German Jewry for it marked the first time since the last German Jews had been emancipated in 1871 that an anti-Semitic law had been passed in Germany. In one particularly notable example of the law's effect, Albert Einstein resigned his position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences and emigrated to the United States before he could be expelled.", "title": "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from \"Labor Omnia Vincit\" to \"Oklahoma-In God We Trust!\" The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no \"official\" vote regarding \"Labor Omnia Vincit\", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The medical use of cannabis is legal (with a doctor's recommendation) in 29 states, plus the territories of Guam and Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. Seventeen other states have more restrictive laws limiting THC content, for the purpose of allowing access to products that are rich in cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of cannabis. In the 32 U.S. jurisdictions that have passed comprehensive medical cannabis laws, the Rohrabacher -- Farr amendment prohibits the Justice Department from prosecuting individuals acting in accordance with those laws.", "title": "Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law, Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, which took effect on January 1, 1968, that required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seat belts in all designated seating positions. This law has since been modified to require three - point seat belts in outboard - seating positions, and finally three - point seat belts in all seating positions. Initially, seat belt use was voluntary. New York was the first state to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on December 1, 1984. Officer Nicholas Cimmino of the Westchester County Department of Public Safety wrote the nations first ticket for such violation.", "title": "Seat belt laws in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On December 7, 2006, after passage by Ohio voters on November 7, 2006, Chapter 3794 (titled ``Smoking Ban '') of the Ohio Revised Code went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Ohio, including bars and restaurants. The law exempts (1) private residences except when being used as a business when employees other than the owner are present, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) family - owned and operated businesses not open to the public where all employees are related to the owner, (4) designated smoking areas in nursing homes, (5) retail tobacco stores, (6) outdoor patios, (7) private clubs with no employees. The law is enforced by the Ohio Department of Health, which began enforcement on May 3, 2007. A business may be fined up to $2,500 and individuals $100 for violation of the ban. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The process of founding the country's public university began on 11 June 1833 with the passage of a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga. It called for the creation of nine academic departments; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation. In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence. On 27 May 1838, Manuel Oribe passed a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic. That decree had few practical effects, given the institutional instability of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay at that time.", "title": "Montevideo" } ]	When did the state which uses a Bible passage for a motto, pass its no smoking laws?	December 7, 2006	[]	Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature. A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion. Title: List of smoking bans in the United States Passage: Statewide smoking ban: On December 7, 2006, after passage by Ohio voters on November 7, 2006, Chapter 3794 (titled ``Smoking Ban '') of the Ohio Revised Code went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Ohio, including bars and restaurants. The law exempts (1) private residences except when being used as a business when employees other than the owner are present, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) family - owned and operated businesses not open to the public where all employees are related to the owner, (4) designated smoking areas in nursing homes, (5) retail tobacco stores, (6) outdoor patios, (7) private clubs with no employees. The law is enforced by the Ohio Department of Health, which began enforcement on May 3, 2007. A business may be fined up to $2,500 and individuals $100 for violation of the ban. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state. Title: List of smoking bans in the United States Passage: No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Tennessee's 2007 statewide smoking law, the Non-Smoker Protection Act, prohibits smoking statewide in all public places in Tennessee, except as exempted; (1) any business, including a bar or restaurant, that does not serve persons under 21, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) tobacco industry - related facilities, (4) outdoor areas and areas with an open garage door, (5) nursing homes, (6) designated smoking areas not accessible to the general public in businesses with three or fewer employees, (7) private clubs, (8) private residences and vehicles unless it is being used for child care, daycare, or public transportation of children, (9) retail tobacco stores, and (10) commercial vehicles occupied solely by the operator. Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking.	[ "Separation of church and state in the United States", "List of smoking bans in the United States" ]
2hop__12680_31112	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apathy is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, and concern about something of great importance. Apathy is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation, or passion. An apathetic individual has an absence of interest in or concern about emotional, social, spiritual, philosophical, or physical life and the world.", "title": "Apathy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Greenberg (Leslie Samuel Greenberg) (born 30 September 1945) is a Canadian psychologist born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and is one of the originators and primary developers of Emotion-Focused Therapy for individuals and couples. He is a professor emeritus of psychology at York University in Toronto, and also director of the Emotion-Focused Therapy Clinic in Toronto. His research has addressed questions regarding empathy, psychotherapy process, the therapeutic alliance, and emotion in human functioning.", "title": "Les Greenberg" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smiling, frowning, baring teeth), and appraisals of situational cues. One comprehensive theory of emotional arousal in humans has been developed by Jonathan Turner (2007: 2009). Two of the key eliciting factors for the arousal of emotions within this theory are expectations states and sanctions. When people enter a situation or encounter with certain expectations for how the encounter should unfold, they will experience different emotions depending on the extent to which expectations for Self, other and situation are met or not met. People can also provide positive or negative sanctions directed at Self or other which also trigger different emotional experiences in individuals. Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience. Based on this analysis, he identified four emotions that all researchers consider being founded on human neurology including assertive-anger, aversion-fear, satisfaction-happiness, and disappointment-sadness. These four categories are called primary emotions and there is some agreement amongst researchers that these primary emotions become combined to produce more elaborate and complex emotional experiences. These more elaborate emotions are called first-order elaborations in Turner's theory and they include sentiments such as pride, triumph, and awe. Emotions can also be experienced at different levels of intensity so that feelings of concern are a low-intensity variation of the primary emotion aversion-fear whereas depression is a higher intensity variant.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeanne Tsai is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Stanford University and director of the Culture and Emotion Lab. Her research focuses on cultural influences on basic psychological and social processes related to emotion. She was born to Taiwanese immigrants.", "title": "Jeanne Tsai" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Salovey (; born February 21, 1958) is an American social psychologist and current President of Yale University. He previously served as Yale's Provost, Dean of Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and Dean of Yale College. Salovey is one of the early pioneers and leading researchers in emotional intelligence.", "title": "Peter Salovey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.", "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Real Emotion / 1000 no Kotoba ''(stylized as real Emotion / 1000 の言葉 and pronounced as Sen no Kotoba (romanized as real Emotion / 1000 no Kotoba and translated as real Emotion / 1000 Words)) is a double A-side by Koda Kumi, consisting of the songs`` real Emotion'' and ``1000 no Kotoba ''(lit.`` 1000 Words''). They were used in two cut - scenes of Square Enix's game Final Fantasy X-2.", "title": "Real Emotion / 1000 no Kotoba" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theories dealing with perception either use one or multiples perceptions in order to find an emotion (Goldie, 2007).A recent hybrid of the somatic and cognitive theories of emotion is the perceptual theory. This theory is neo-Jamesian in arguing that bodily responses are central to emotions, yet it emphasizes the meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that emotions are about something, as is recognized by cognitive theories. The novel claim of this theory is that conceptually-based cognition is unnecessary for such meaning. Rather the bodily changes themselves perceive the meaningful content of the emotion because of being causally triggered by certain situations. In this respect, emotions are held to be analogous to faculties such as vision or touch, which provide information about the relation between the subject and the world in various ways. A sophisticated defense of this view is found in philosopher Jesse Prinz's book Gut Reactions, and psychologist James Laird's book Feelings.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late 2009, Docter noticed his pre-teen daughter, Elie, exhibiting similar shyness. \"She started getting more quiet and reserved, and that, frankly, triggered a lot of my own insecurities and fears,\" he said. He imagined what happens in the human mind when emotions set in. The idea to depict it through animation excited Docter, who felt it the ideal form to portray \"strong, opinionated, caricatured personalities\". He began researching information about the mind, alongside Jonas Rivera, a producer, and Ronnie del Carmen, a secondary director. They consulted Paul Ekman, a well-known psychologist who studies emotions, and Dacher Keltner, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Ekman had early in his career identified six core emotions—anger, fear, sadness, disgust, joy, and surprise. Docter found surprise and fear to be too similar, which left him with five emotions to build characters around. Other emotions considered for inclusion during the development process were schadenfreude, ennui, pride, and hope. Keltner focused on sadness being an emotion that strengthens relationships. Both emphasized how emotions organize social lives and the structuring of interpersonal interactions.The smash success of Docter's 2009 film Up encouraged those at Pixar to allow Docter to create another film with a more sophisticated story. Inside Out is the first Pixar film without input from co-founder and former Apple CEO Steve Jobs, who died in 2011. In addition, the film did not have as much input from chief creative officer John Lasseter, who was focused on restructuring Walt Disney Animation Studios in Burbank at the time of its production. Executives at Disney and Pixar were positive at the proposal of making Inside Out, but acknowledged it would be difficult to market.", "title": "Inside Out (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the \"wheel of emotions\", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form complex emotions. The complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example, interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt. Relationships exist between basic emotions, resulting in positive or negative influences.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, the most influential theorists were William James (1842–1910) and Carl Lange (1834–1900). James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism. Lange was a Danish physician and psychologist. Working independently, they developed the James–Lange theory, a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions. The theory states that within human beings, as a response to experiences in the world, the autonomic nervous system creates physiological events such as muscular tension, a rise in heart rate, perspiration, and dryness of the mouth. Emotions, then, are feelings which come about as a result of these physiological changes, rather than being their cause.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Blanca, alias Paul Vlaswinkel (born 11 November 1958, Amsterdam), is an art photographer. He creates portraits which explore strong emotions.", "title": "Paul Blanca" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an \"exciting fact\" directly led to a physiological response, known as \"emotion.\" To account for different types of emotional experiences, James proposed that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain. The Danish psychologist Carl Lange also proposed a similar theory at around the same time, and therefore this theory became known as the James–Lange theory. As James wrote, \"the perception of bodily changes, as they occur, is the emotion.\" James further claims that \"we feel sad because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble, and neither we cry, strike, nor tremble because we are sorry, angry, or fearful, as the case may be.\"", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term \"radical empiricism\" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed \"directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support\", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's \"radical empiricism\" is thus not radical in the context of the term \"empiricism\", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term \"empirical\". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)", "title": "Empiricism" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yoon Je-moon (born March 9, 1970) is a South Korean actor. He appears in theater, film and television, notably in the movies \"The Man Next Door\" (2010) and \"Dangerously Excited\" (2012), and the TV series \"The End of the World\" (2013).", "title": "Yoon Je-moon" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Darwin was among the first to suggest that physiological changes caused by an emotion had a direct impact on, rather than being just the consequence of that emotion. He wrote:", "title": "Facial feedback hypothesis" } ]	When was the person who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions born?	1842	[]	Title: Emotion Passage: In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, James proposed that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain. The Danish psychologist Carl Lange also proposed a similar theory at around the same time, and therefore this theory became known as the James–Lange theory. As James wrote, "the perception of bodily changes, as they occur, is the emotion." James further claims that "we feel sad because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble, and neither we cry, strike, nor tremble because we are sorry, angry, or fearful, as the case may be." Title: Empiricism Passage: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.) Title: Les Greenberg Passage: Les Greenberg (Leslie Samuel Greenberg) (born 30 September 1945) is a Canadian psychologist born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and is one of the originators and primary developers of Emotion-Focused Therapy for individuals and couples. He is a professor emeritus of psychology at York University in Toronto, and also director of the Emotion-Focused Therapy Clinic in Toronto. His research has addressed questions regarding empathy, psychotherapy process, the therapeutic alliance, and emotion in human functioning.	[ "Emotion", "Empiricism" ]
2hop__117712_568514	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Bouchaud (born Tibi) is a French physicist, playwright and actress born 1 March 1961. She is a member of Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), and works at Ecole Superieure de Chimie et Physique de la Ville de Paris. Since 2015, she is also the Director of the Théâtre de la Reine Blanche in Paris.", "title": "Elisabeth Bouchaud" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Western Light\" (ID-3300) was a cargo ship of the United States Navy that served during World War I and its immediate aftermath.`", "title": "USS Western Light (ID-3300)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Magdalene with the Smoking Flame (also titled in French \"La Madeleine à la veilleuse\", and \"La Madeleine à la flamme filante\") is a 1640 oil-on-canvas depiction of Mary Magdalene by French Baroque painter Georges de La Tour. Two versions of this painting exist, one in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the other in the Louvre Museum (\"La Madeleine a la veilleuse\").", "title": "Magdalene with the Smoking Flame" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Title Network No. of Episodes Note Ref. 2017 Level Up Project! Oksusu KBS Joy True ID (Thailand) 23 Joy did n't appear in this show due to her schedule for drama The Liar and His Lover. 2018 Level Up Project! Season 2 Oksusu XtvN True ID 60", "title": "Red Velvet (group)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117 (English: \"Trump-Card in the Heart of Tokyo for OSS 117\") is a 1966 French Eurospy spy-fi film. It was the fourth OSS 117 film of the 1960s, directed by Michel Boisrond, presented by the director of the three previous 1960's OSS films, André Hunebelle and produced by Paul Cadéac. Frederick Stafford makes his second and last appearance as OSS 117.", "title": "Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of the IDS Center's peculiar and unique stepback design, termed \"zogs\" by its architect, Philip Johnson, each floor has up to 32 corner offices. The area of Nicollet Mall in front of the IDS Center is familiar to television viewers: The character of Mary Richards on \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was seen on Nicollet Mall looking at an IDS shop in the opening montage of the show. Across South 7th Street from the IDS was Donaldson's Department Store in front of which she tossed her hat in the air at the end of the opening sequence. A statue commemorating that shot stands approximately at the camera location of the view, created and maintained by TVLand. She is also seen in the show opening dining with then-husband Grant Tinker at what is now the terrace of Basil's Restaurant on the hotel's third floor overlooking the Crystal Court, where diners can sit at the \"Mary Tyler Moore Table.\"", "title": "IDS Center" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The id, ego and super-ego are three distinct, yet interacting agents in the psychic apparatus defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche.", "title": "Id, ego and super-ego" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dev-Pascal is a free integrated development environment (IDE) distributed under the GNU General Public License for programming in Pascal and Object Pascal. It supports an ancient version of the Free Pascal compiler and GNU Pascal as backends. The IDE is written in Delphi. It can also handle the Insight Debugger. Dev-Pascal runs on Microsoft Windows.", "title": "Dev-Pascal" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eagle with Two Heads (French title L'Aigle à deux têtes) is a French film directed by Jean Cocteau released in 1948. It was adapted from his own play \"L'Aigle à deux têtes\" which was first staged in 1946, and it retained the principal actors from the first Paris production.", "title": "The Eagle with Two Heads" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rivière-à-Claude is a municipality in the Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of the province of Quebec in Canada. In addition to Rivière-à-Claude itself, the municipality also includes the community of Ruisseau-à-Rebours.", "title": "Rivière-à-Claude, Quebec" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "L'aube à l'envers is a 1995 French short film written and directed by Sophie Marceau and starring Judith Godrèche, Jerzy Gralek, and Anna Nehrebecka. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "L'aube à l'envers" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haematologica (Pavia, Italy) is a monthly, open access, peer reviewed, scientific journal, published by the \"Ferrata Storti Foundation\". The Editor in Chief is Jan Cools (Leuven, Belgium). The focus of \"Haematologica\" is all topics related to experimental and clinical hematology, which results in a multidisciplinary scope. The National Library of Medicine ID number (NLM ID) is 0417435.", "title": "Haematologica" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An Apple ID is available free of charge and can be obtained by signing up at the My Apple ID web page. An Apple ID must be a valid email address, protected by a password that is an alphanumeric string of at least 8 characters, and case - sensitive...", "title": "Apple ID" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Identity Card Date first issued 14 September 1972 (first ID card) 28 February 2014 (fully printed and bilingual ID cards) 1 January 2016 (ID cards with 12 - digit NIC number) 1 September 2017 (with Holder's ICAO standard digital picture) 27 October 2017 (new Smart ID card) Issued by Sri Lanka Valid in Sri Lanka Type of document Identity card Purpose Identification Eligibility requirements Sri Lankan citizenship, 16 years of age or above Expiration N / A", "title": "National identity card (Sri Lanka)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Software AG agreed to buy IDS Scheer for €487 million in July 2009. The takeover was cleared by competition authorities in October 2009.", "title": "IDS Scheer" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2014, Apple released the iPad Air 2 and the iPad Mini 3. The iPad Air 2 is the first iOS device to feature a triple core CPU and 2GB of RAM. As well as being thinner and faster than its predecessor, the iPad Air, it features Touch ID and is available with a gold color option. The iPad Mini 3 is similar than the iPad Mini 2 in design and hardware, but also includes Touch ID and available in gold color.", "title": "IPad" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In modern times, the Ides of March is best known as the date on which Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Caesar was stabbed to death at a meeting of the Senate. As many as 60 conspirators, led by Brutus and Cassius, were involved. According to Plutarch, a seer had warned that harm would come to Caesar no later than the Ides of March. On his way to the Theatre of Pompey, where he would be assassinated, Caesar passed the seer and joked, ``The Ides of March are come '', implying that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer replied`` Aye, Caesar; but not gone.'' This meeting is famously dramatised in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, when Caesar is warned by the soothsayer to ``beware the Ides of March. ''The Roman biographer Suetonius identifies the`` seer'' as a haruspex named Spurinna.", "title": "Ides of March" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Equilbey founded the chamber choir Accentus in 1991, and continues as its music director. With Accentus, she has conducted commercial recordings for such labels as Naïve. In 1995, she founded the \"Jeune Chœur de Paris\", which in 2002 was incorporated as a department of the \"Conservatoire à rayonnement régional de Paris\". She co-directs the programme with Geoffroy Jourdain. Since the 2009-2010 season, Equilbey has been an associate artist, with Accentus, of the Ensemble Orchestral de Paris.", "title": "Laurence Equilbey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Trivial () is a 2007 French crime drama film directed by Sophie Marceau and starring Christopher Lambert, Sophie Marceau, and Nicolas Briançon. Written by Marceau, Gianguido Spinelli, and Jacques Deschamps, the film is about a police inspector, struggling with depression following his wife's death, who investigates a suspicious missing person's case at the request of a mysterious woman. Filmed on location in Normandy, France, \"Trivial\" is the second feature-length motion picture directed by actress Sophie Marceau.", "title": "Trivial (film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as \"Blanche of Naples\". She served as Regent or \"Queen-Lieutenant\" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310.", "title": "Blanche of Anjou" } ]	Who is the spouse of the director of L'aube à l'envers?	Christopher Lambert	[]	Title: Dev-Pascal Passage: Dev-Pascal is a free integrated development environment (IDE) distributed under the GNU General Public License for programming in Pascal and Object Pascal. It supports an ancient version of the Free Pascal compiler and GNU Pascal as backends. The IDE is written in Delphi. It can also handle the Insight Debugger. Dev-Pascal runs on Microsoft Windows. Title: Trivial (film) Passage: Trivial () is a 2007 French crime drama film directed by Sophie Marceau and starring Christopher Lambert, Sophie Marceau, and Nicolas Briançon. Written by Marceau, Gianguido Spinelli, and Jacques Deschamps, the film is about a police inspector, struggling with depression following his wife's death, who investigates a suspicious missing person's case at the request of a mysterious woman. Filmed on location in Normandy, France, "Trivial" is the second feature-length motion picture directed by actress Sophie Marceau. Title: L'aube à l'envers Passage: L'aube à l'envers is a 1995 French short film written and directed by Sophie Marceau and starring Judith Godrèche, Jerzy Gralek, and Anna Nehrebecka. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival.	[ "L'aube à l'envers", "Trivial (film)" ]
2hop__157856_726919	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are perhaps three hundred sign languages in use around the world today. The number is not known with any confidence; new sign languages emerge frequently through creolization and de novo (and occasionally through language planning). In some countries, such as Sri Lanka and Tanzania, each school for the deaf may have a separate language, known only to its students and sometimes denied by the school; on the other hand, countries may share sign languages, though sometimes under different names (Croatian and Serbian, Indian and Pakistani). Deaf sign languages also arise outside educational institutions, especially in village communities with high levels of congenital deafness, but there are significant sign languages developed for the hearing as well, such as the speech - taboo languages used in aboriginal Australia. Scholars are doing field surveys to identify the world's sign languages.", "title": "List of sign languages" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sivappathigaram is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language political action film written and directed by Karu Pazhaniappan. The film stars Vishal, Mamta Mohandas, Manivannan, Rajan P. Dev, Upendra Limaye, Ganja Karuppu and Raghuvaran. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Vidyasagar. Mamta Mohandas made her debut in Tamil with this film. Later on, the film was also dubbed and released in Hindi under the title \"Aaj Ka Naya Kamina.\"", "title": "Sivappathigaram" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "title": "Languages of Brazil" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Earlier, Navajivan referred to a weekly newspaper published by Gandhi, in Gujarati, from 1919 (September 7) to 1931, from Ahmedabad.", "title": "Navajivan Trust" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡæn - /; Hindustani: (ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ɦi) (listen); 2 October 1869 -- 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: ``high - souled '',`` venerable'') -- applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa -- is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.", "title": "Mahatma Gandhi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "title": "Numero sign" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Devdas Mohandas Gandhi (22 May 1900 – 3 August 1957) was the fourth and youngest son of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born in South Africa and returned to India with his parents as a young man. He became active in his father's movement, spending many terms in jail. He also became a prominent journalist, serving as editor of Hindustan Times.", "title": "Devdas Gandhi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vaishnava Jana To is one of the most popular Hindu bhajans, written in the 15th century by the poet Narsinh Mehta in the Gujarati language. The bhajan was included in Mahatma Gandhi's daily prayer. The bhajan speaks about the life, ideals and mentality of a Vaishnava Jana (a follower of Vishnu).", "title": "Vaishnava Jana To" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devdas fell in love with Lakshmi, the daughter of C. Rajagopalachari, Devdas's father's associate in the Indian independence struggle. Due to Lakshmi's age at that time, she was only 15 and Devdas was 28 years, both Devdas's father and Rajaji asked the couple to wait for five years without seeing each other. After five years had passed, they were married with their fathers' permissions in 1933. Devdas and Lakshmi had four children, Rajmohan Gandhi, Gopalkrishna Gandhi, Ramchandra Gandhi and Tara Gandhi Bhattacharjee (born 24 April 1934, New Delhi).", "title": "Devdas Gandhi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milana (Rendezvous) is a 2007 Indian Kannada language romantic comedy-drama film co-written and directed by Prakash, starring Puneeth Rajkumar, Parvathy Thiruvothu and Pooja Gandhi in the lead roles. The film was the latter's debut in Kannada cinema. The supporting cast features Dileep Raj, Sumithra and Mukhyamantri Chandru. Music for the film was composed by Mano Murthy, it received critical acclaim and was the maiden superhit of the Puneeth Rajkumar and Pooja Gandhi combination.", "title": "Milana" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means, ``satyagraha ''. Protestors would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1st August, 1920.", "title": "Non-cooperation movement" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vaishnava Jana To is one of the most popular Hindu bhajans, written in the 15th century by the poet Narsinh Mehta in the Gujarati language. The bhajan was included in Mahatma Gandhi's daily prayer. The bhajan speak about the life, ideals and mentality of a Vaishnava Jana (a follower of Vishnu).", "title": "Vaishnava Jana To" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bapunagar is a neighbourhood in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It is located in the eastern part of the city, in the Rakhial ward. Its name derives from the word \"Bapu\", which refers to Gandhi, who was popularly called \"Bapu\", or Father.", "title": "Bapunagar" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "title": "Languages of Mexico" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dear Friend Hitler (), released in India as Gandhi to Hitler, is a multilingual Indian drama film based on letters written by Mohandas Gandhi to the leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany Adolf Hitler. The film, starring Raghubir Yadav as Adolf Hitler and Neha Dhupia as Eva Braun, was directed by Rakesh Ranjan Kumar and produced by Anil Kumar Sharma under the production house Amrapali media vision. It was screened at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival where it received negative reviews. \"Film Business Asia\" quoted that \"despite the provocative title, the film is not a tribute to the murderous Führer\". It premiered in India on 29 July 2011.", "title": "Dear Friend Hitler" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "title": "Dialect" } ]	What language was used by the father of Devdas Mohandas Gandhi?	Gujarati	[]	Title: Southern Europe Passage: The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain. Title: Navajivan Trust Passage: Earlier, Navajivan referred to a weekly newspaper published by Gandhi, in Gujarati, from 1919 (September 7) to 1931, from Ahmedabad. Title: Devdas Gandhi Passage: Devdas Mohandas Gandhi (22 May 1900 – 3 August 1957) was the fourth and youngest son of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born in South Africa and returned to India with his parents as a young man. He became active in his father's movement, spending many terms in jail. He also became a prominent journalist, serving as editor of Hindustan Times.	[ "Navajivan Trust", "Devdas Gandhi" ]
3hop1__158671_92027_671797	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Warlord Era (, 19161928) was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which were spread across the mainland regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang.", "title": "Warlord Era" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rappani Khalilov () (October 27, 1969 – September 17, 2007), also known as Rabbani, was the militant leader of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasian Front during the Second Chechen War, in the volatile southern Russian republic of Dagestan. He was killed on September 17, 2007 in a fierce shoot-out with the Russian special forces.", "title": "Rappani Khalilov" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Vrezh (translated as \"Vengeance\" from Armenian) is thought to have been an underground militant movement reportedly created by Dashnak leadership in 1989 to fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets.", "title": "Vrezh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Surprise City is a ghost town located in the Atlin Country Region of British Columbia. Surprise City is located on Otter Creek near the southwest end of Surprise Lake. Surprise City is also known as Otter Creek. The city existed to support the gold mining operations in the area.", "title": "Surprise City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place from 14 June to 19 June 1995, when a group of 80 to 200 Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev attacked the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk (pop. 60,000, often spelled Budennovsk), some north of the border with the \"de facto\" independent Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The incident resulted in a ceasefire between Russia and Chechen separatists, and peace talks (which later failed) between Russia and the Chechens.", "title": "Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delicious Surprise is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Jo Dee Messina, released in 2005. Her first studio album of original material since \"Burn\" almost five years previous, it produced a Number One single on the \"Billboard\" country music charts in \"My Give a Damn's Busted\", a song co-written by country singer Joe Diffie and originally recorded on his 2001 album \"In Another World\". Additional singles released from \"Delicious Surprise\" include \"Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)\", \"Not Going Down\", and \"It's Too Late to Worry\", all of which charted in the Top 40 on the country charts as well. The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA.", "title": "Delicious Surprise" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dzhabrail Yamadayev (16 June 1970 – 5 March 2003) was a Chechen rebel field commander during the First Chechen War. He switched sides together with his brothers, Ruslan and Sulim in 1999 during the outbreak of the Second Chechen War and then became the commander of the Russian special forces unit \"Vostok\". Yamadayev was assassinated by a bomb blast in March 2003.", "title": "Dzhabrail Yamadayev" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Záchlumí is a village in the Ústí nad Orlicí District, Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It is located 5 km west of Žamberk and has a population of 803 (2006).", "title": "Záchlumí (Ústí nad Orlicí District)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mali Federation () was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police) which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal.", "title": "Mali Federation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly.", "title": "Alsace" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos.", "title": "2010 Chechen Parliament attack" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otovice is a village and municipality in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It is located, near the border with Poland.", "title": "Otovice (Náchod District)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Komárov is a market town in Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is located southwest of Beroun and southwest of Prague.", "title": "Komárov (Beroun District)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SK Baťov 1930 is a Czech football club located in Otrokovice in the Zlín Region. The club currently plays at the fifth level of football in the Czech Republic.", "title": "SK Baťov 1930" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website", "title": "Chechnya" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Allen is soon sent on an undercover mission for the CIA, joining Vladimir Makarov in a mass shooting at an airport in Moscow, Russia. Afterwards, Makarov kills Allen, aware of his true identity, and leaves his body behind to spark a war between Russia and the United States. Outraged by an apparent American-sponsored terrorist attack, Russia retaliates by launching a surprise invasion on the East Coast of the United States. With no evidence of Makarov's involvement in the airport massacre, Task Force 141 is sent to Rio de Janeiro to capture his arms dealer, Alejandro Rojas. They succeed and learn that Makarov's nemesis is being held in a Russian gulag. They assault the gulag and rescue the prisoner: Captain Price, Soap's previous commanding officer in the SAS.Price agrees to help Task Force 141 but insists on ending the United States' war with Russia. After raiding a Russian port, Price launches a ballistic missile towards Washington, D.C. and detonates it in the upper atmosphere. The resulting EMP blast disables all electronic devices across the Eastern Seaboard, giving the Americans a much-needed advantage. Soldiers fighting in D.C. narrowly avoid a bombing run of Russian-occupied strategic structures by the United States Air Force, lighting green flares atop the White House to show that the city remains in American hands.", "title": "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya was Russian Air Force's military operation against the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria that was a prelude to the main part of the Second Chechen War. In late August and September 1999, Russia mounted a massive air campaign over Chechnya, with the stated aim of wiping out militants who invaded Dagestan the previous month.", "title": "1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya" } ]	Which country contains the region having Chechen republic located in the region of the country retaliating for a surprise invasion?	Azerbaijan	[ "az", "AZE" ]	Title: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Passage: Allen is soon sent on an undercover mission for the CIA, joining Vladimir Makarov in a mass shooting at an airport in Moscow, Russia. Afterwards, Makarov kills Allen, aware of his true identity, and leaves his body behind to spark a war between Russia and the United States. Outraged by an apparent American-sponsored terrorist attack, Russia retaliates by launching a surprise invasion on the East Coast of the United States. With no evidence of Makarov's involvement in the airport massacre, Task Force 141 is sent to Rio de Janeiro to capture his arms dealer, Alejandro Rojas. They succeed and learn that Makarov's nemesis is being held in a Russian gulag. They assault the gulag and rescue the prisoner: Captain Price, Soap's previous commanding officer in the SAS.Price agrees to help Task Force 141 but insists on ending the United States' war with Russia. After raiding a Russian port, Price launches a ballistic missile towards Washington, D.C. and detonates it in the upper atmosphere. The resulting EMP blast disables all electronic devices across the Eastern Seaboard, giving the Americans a much-needed advantage. Soldiers fighting in D.C. narrowly avoid a bombing run of Russian-occupied strategic structures by the United States Air Force, lighting green flares atop the White House to show that the city remains in American hands. Title: Vrezh Passage: The Vrezh (translated as "Vengeance" from Armenian) is thought to have been an underground militant movement reportedly created by Dashnak leadership in 1989 to fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets. Title: Chechnya Passage: Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website	[ "Vrezh", "Chechnya", "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2" ]
3hop1__603146_50615_480870	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The events of the full - blown revolution began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania. One feature common to most of these developments was the extensive use of campaigns of civil resistance, demonstrating popular opposition to the continuation of one - party rule and contributing to the pressure for change. Romania was the only Eastern Bloc country whose people overthrew its Communist regime violently. Protests in Tiananmen Square (April to June 1989) failed to stimulate major political changes in China, but influential images of courageous defiance during that protest helped to precipitate events in other parts of the globe. On 4 June 1989 the trade union Solidarity won an overwhelming victory in a partially free election in Poland, leading to the peaceful fall of Communism in that country in the summer of 1989. Hungary began (June 1989) dismantling its section of the physical Iron Curtain, leading to a exodus of East Germans through Hungary, which destabilised East Germany. This led to mass demonstrations in cities such as Leipzig and subsequently to the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which served as the symbolic gateway to German reunification in 1990.", "title": "Revolutions of 1989" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Prayer for Owen Meany First edition Author John Irving Cover artist Honi Werner Country United States Language English Genre Bildungsroman Publisher William Morrow Publication date March 1989 Pages 617 ISBN 0 - 688 - 07708 - 0 OCLC 18557147 Preceded by The Cider House Rules Followed by A Son of the Circus", "title": "A Prayer for Owen Meany" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MFN / NTR status for China, a non-market economy, which had been originally suspended in 1951, was restored in 1980 and was continued in effect through subsequent annual Presidential extensions. Following the massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in 1989, however, the annual renewal of China's MFN status became a source of considerable debate in the Congress; and legislation was introduced to terminate China's MFN / NTR status or to impose additional conditions relating to improvements in China's actions on various trade and non-trade issues. Agricultural interests generally opposed attempts to block MFN / NTR renewal for China, contending that several billion dollars annually in current and future U.S. agricultural exports could be jeopardized if that country retaliated. In China's case, Congress agreed to permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status in P.L. 106 - 286, President Clinton signed into law on October 10, 2000. PNTR paved the way for China's accession to the WTO in December 2000; it provides U.S. exporters of agricultural products the opportunity to benefit from China's WTO agreements to reduce trade barriers and open its agricultural markets.", "title": "Most favoured nation" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the 1980s, a continuous anti-apartheid protest was held outside South Africa House. In 1990, the Poll Tax Riots began by a demonstration attended by 200,000 people and ultimately caused rioting in the surrounding area. More recently, there have been anti-war demonstrations opposing the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War. A large vigil was held shortly after the terrorist bombings in London on Thursday, 7 July 2005.In December 2009, participants from the Camp for Climate Action occupied the square for the two weeks during which the UN Conference on Climate Change took place in Copenhagen. It was billed as a UK base for direct action on climate change and saw various actions and protests stem from the occupation.In March 2011, the square was occupied by a crowd protesting against the UK Budget and proposed budget cuts. During the night the situation turned violent as the escalation by riot police and protesters damaged portions of the square. In November 2015 a vigil against the terrorist attacks in Paris was held. Crowds sang the French national anthem, La Marseillaise, and held banners in support of the city and country.Every year on the anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October), the Sea Cadet Corps holds a parade in honour of Admiral Lord Nelson and the British victory over the combined fleets of Spain and France at Trafalgar. The Royal British Legion holds a Silence in the Square event on Armistice Day, 11 November, in remembrance of those who died in war. The event includes music and poetry readings, culminating in a bugler playing the Last Post and a two-minute silence at 11 am.", "title": "Trafalgar Square" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were handed out in Nagorno-Karabakh. When Karabakhis got hold of small arms to replace hunting rifles and crossbows, casualties began to mount; bridges were blown up, roads were blockaded, and hostages were taken.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (; November 3, 1912 – August 16, 2006) was a Paraguayan Army officer who served as President of Paraguay from 1954 to 1989. He ascended to the position after leading an army coup in 1954. His 35-year-long rule, marked by an uninterrupted period of repression in his country, is the longest in modern South American history. Stroessner's rule is ranked 20th-longest among non-royal national leaders since 1900 and made him one of the world's longest-serving non-royal heads of state.", "title": "Alfredo Stroessner" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Euromaidan (; , , , literally \"Euro[pean] Square\") was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (\"Independence Square\") in Kiev. The protests were sparked by the Ukrainian government's decision to suspend the signing of an association agreement with the European Union, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. The scope of the protests soon widened, with calls for the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government. The protests were fueled by the perception of \"widespread government corruption\", \"abuse of power\", and \"violation of human rights in Ukraine\". Transparency International named President Yanukovych as the top example of corruption in the world. The situation escalated after the violent dispersal of protesters on 30 November, leading to many more protesters joining. The protests led to the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.", "title": "Euromaidan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Netherlands, led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces. This was the start of the Eighty Years' War.", "title": "Dutch Republic" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The marla is a traditional unit of area that was used in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The marla was standardized under British rule to be equal to the square rod, or 272.25 square feet, 30.25 square yards, or 25.2929 square metres. As such, it was exactly one 160th of an acre.", "title": "Marla (unit)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to imprisoned Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo ``for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China ''. The laureate, once an eminent scholar, was reportedly little - known inside the People's Republic of China (PRC) at the time of the award due to official censorship; he partook in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and was a co-author of the Charter 08 manifesto, for which he was sentenced to 11 years in prison on 25 December 2009. Liu, who was backed by former Czech president Václav Havel and anti-apartheid activist and cleric Desmond Tutu, also a Nobel Peace Prize winner, received the award among a record field of more than 200 nominees.", "title": "2010 Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ZUK Mobile was a Chinese smartphone company founded in May 2015, and a subsidiary of Lenovo. It was headquartered in Beijing. The brand ceased operations in 2017, when Lenovo shifted its smartphone focus to Motorola.", "title": "ZUK Mobile" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Deng Pufang () (born 16 April 1944) is the first son of China's former Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping. He is mostly known for being crippled by the Red Guards and becoming a paraplegic. He has since dedicated his life to improving the rights of people with disabilities.", "title": "Deng Pufang" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Lenovo A750 is a phone manufactured by China's Lenovo Corporation for the Android platform. It went on sale in March 2012. It is sold worldwide but has a lot of Chinese in the menu´s, and the price of Lenovo A750 in China is 900 RMB, about 143 US dollars but import and shipping makes it a lot more expensive in Europe (about €250). The Lenovo A750 is the first device with MT6575 in the world, and supports Dual SIM and Dual Standby.", "title": "Lenovo A750" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolf Jähnichen joined the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) in 1981. (Unlike its west German counterpart, the East German CDU, as part of the country's National Front alliance was effectively controlled by the country's ruling SED party.) Between 1984 and 1989 Jähnichen was a member of the local council in his hometown of , on the edge of Leipzig. Between 1989 and 1990 he was a member of the CDU party executive.", "title": "Rolf Jähnichen" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A theoretical physicist by training, he studied at the University of Science and Technology of China and entered the PhD program (1986–1989) in Astrophysics at the University of Notre Dame. He became a full-time human rights activist after the Tiananmen Massacre in 1989. Xiao was the Executive Director of the New York-based NGO Human Rights in China from 1991 to 2002 and vice-chairman of the steering committee of the World Movement for Democracy.", "title": "Xiao Qiang" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Chongqing in 1955, Xu grew up in Beijing. His father was the head of the history department at Peking University. In 1975, near the end of the Cultural Revolution, he was relocated to the countryside for two years as part of Mao Zedong's \"re-education\" policy. Returning to Beijing in 1977, he enrolled at the Central Academy of Fine Arts(CAFA) where he joined the printmaking department and also worked during a short period of time as a teacher, receiving his Masters in Fine Art in 1987. After the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 his recent work came under scrutiny from the government and received harsh criticism for what was perceived as a critique of the Chinese government. Due to the political pressure and artistic restrictions of the post-Tiananmen period in China, Xu Bing, like many of his contemporaries, moved to the United States in 1990 where he was invited by the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He then resided to the United States until his appointment as vice-president of the Beijing CAFA in 2008.", "title": "Xu Bing" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Color Orange democracy group, led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschiøt, originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the \"Pillar of Shame\", a structure he built in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. However, Galschiøt and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008 due to \"immigration reasons\" and were forced to leave Hong Kong. In response, Lee Cheuk Yan, vice chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, said, \"It's outrageous that the government is willing to sacrifice the image of Hong Kong because of the torch relay.\" Hollywood actress Mia Farrow was also briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport though officials allowed her to enter. She later gave a speech criticizing China's relations with Sudan in Hong Kong, as there was also a small minority of people protesting about China's role in the crisis of Darfur. Legislator Cheung Man Kwong have also said the government's decision allowing Farrow to enter while denying others is a double standard and a violation to Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Party and government leaders Name Position (s) in 1989 Deng Xiaoping Chairman of the Central Military Commission; de facto ``paramount leader ''Chen Yun Chairman of the CPC Central Advisory Commission Zhao Ziyang General Secretary of the Communist Party of China First Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Li Peng Premier of the People's Republic of China Qiao Shi Secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Secretary of the CPC Political and Legislative Affairs Committee Hu Qili First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Party Yao Yilin First Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China Yang Shangkun President of the People's Republic of China Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Li Xiannian Chairman of the Conference National Committee Wan Li Chairman of the Congress Standing Committee Wang Zhen Vice President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin Communist Party Shanghai Municipal Secretary Li Ximing Communist Party Beijing Municipal Secretary Zhu Rongji Mayor of Shanghai Chen Xitong Mayor of Beijing Hu Jintao Communist Party Tibet Regional Secretary Wen Jiabao Chief of the General Office of the Communist Party of China Bold text indicates membership in the Politburo Standing Committee Italics text indicates Great Eminent Officials", "title": "1989 Tiananmen Square protests" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erdem Gündüz is a Turkish dancer, actor, performance artist, choreographer, and teacher who, as a result of his actions during the 2013–14 protests in Turkey, has become \"the face of the protest movement against the Turkish government.\" He became internationally known as \"The Standing Man\" in June 2013 when he stood quietly in Istanbul's Taksim Square as a protest against the Islamist government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.", "title": "Erdem Gündüz" } ]	Who is the child of the person who ruled the country Lenovo is based in during the Tiananmen Square protest in 1989?	Deng Pufang	[]	Title: Lenovo A750 Passage: The Lenovo A750 is a phone manufactured by China's Lenovo Corporation for the Android platform. It went on sale in March 2012. It is sold worldwide but has a lot of Chinese in the menu´s, and the price of Lenovo A750 in China is 900 RMB, about 143 US dollars but import and shipping makes it a lot more expensive in Europe (about €250). The Lenovo A750 is the first device with MT6575 in the world, and supports Dual SIM and Dual Standby. Title: Deng Pufang Passage: Deng Pufang () (born 16 April 1944) is the first son of China's former Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping. He is mostly known for being crippled by the Red Guards and becoming a paraplegic. He has since dedicated his life to improving the rights of people with disabilities. Title: 1989 Tiananmen Square protests Passage: Party and government leaders Name Position (s) in 1989 Deng Xiaoping Chairman of the Central Military Commission; de facto ``paramount leader ''Chen Yun Chairman of the CPC Central Advisory Commission Zhao Ziyang General Secretary of the Communist Party of China First Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Li Peng Premier of the People's Republic of China Qiao Shi Secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Secretary of the CPC Political and Legislative Affairs Committee Hu Qili First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Party Yao Yilin First Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China Yang Shangkun President of the People's Republic of China Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Li Xiannian Chairman of the Conference National Committee Wan Li Chairman of the Congress Standing Committee Wang Zhen Vice President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin Communist Party Shanghai Municipal Secretary Li Ximing Communist Party Beijing Municipal Secretary Zhu Rongji Mayor of Shanghai Chen Xitong Mayor of Beijing Hu Jintao Communist Party Tibet Regional Secretary Wen Jiabao Chief of the General Office of the Communist Party of China Bold text indicates membership in the Politburo Standing Committee Italics text indicates Great Eminent Officials	[ "Deng Pufang", "Lenovo A750", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests" ]
2hop__731058_20644	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous country in North America is the United States with 318.4 million persons. The second largest country is Mexico with a population of 112,322,757. Canada is the third most populous country with 32,623,490. The majority of Caribbean island - nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the United States), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million. Greenland has a small population of 55,984 for its massive size (2,166,000 km2 or 836,300 mi2), and therefore, it has the world's lowest population density at 0.026 pop. / km2 (0.067 pop. / mi2).", "title": "North America" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.", "title": "Hinduism in India" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1950 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 September 1950 at Monza. It was race 7 of 7 in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers. In this race, Nino Farina became the first World Drivers' Champion, and the only driver to win the title in his home country.", "title": "1950 Italian Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Giro di Lombardia was the 103rd edition of this single day road bicycle racing monument race, colloquially known as the \"Race of the Falling Leaves\". The event was run on 17 October 2009. It was the final event of the 2009 UCI World Ranking and the final major event of the 2009 road racing season. For the third consecutive year, the race was 242 kilometres long and depart from Varese to its finish in Como.", "title": "2009 Giro di Lombardia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29, 1994, with the Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet) connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit / s link. As of 2016, more than 44,000,000 people used the internet in the country, accounting for 43.5% of the total population.", "title": "Internet in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 European Cross Country Championships was a continental cross country running competition that was held on 13 December 2009 near Dublin city, Fingal in Ireland. Dublin was selected as the host city in 2007 and the event was the first time that a major European athletics championships took place in Ireland. The six men's and women's races in the championship programme took place in Santry Demense on a looped course with flat and grassy ground. The 16th edition of the European Cross Country Championships featured 323 athletes from 30 nations.", "title": "2009 European Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fall Guy The Fall Guy opening title Genre Action / Adventure Created by Glen A. Larson Starring Lee Majors Douglas Barr Heather Thomas Jo Ann Pflug (1981 -- 1982) Markie Post (1982 -- 1985) Theme music composer Gail Jensen Glen A. Larson David Somerville Opening theme ``Unknown Stuntman ''performed by Lee Majors Composer (s) Stu Phillips Ron Ramin Frank DeDvol Tom Worrall Morton Stevens Dennis McCarthy Ken Heller (uncredited) William Broughton (uncredited) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 113 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Glen A. Larson Producer (s) Robert Janes Larry Brody Paul Mason Lee Majors Cinematography Ben Colman Michael Hofstein Camera setup Single - camera Running time 45 -- 48 minutes Production company (s) Glen A. Larson Productions 20th Century Fox Television Release Original network ABC Audio format Monaural Original release November 4, 1981 (1981 - 11 - 04) -- May 2, 1986 (1986 - 05 - 02)", "title": "The Fall Guy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paya Lebar Single Member Constituency was a constituency in Singapore. It used to exist from 1955 to 1991, where it was absorbed into Aljunied GRC.", "title": "Paya Lebar Single Member Constituency" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.", "title": "Islam by country" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prized was bred in Florida by Meadowbrook Farm who raced him in partnership with Clover Racing Stable. He was by the very successful sire Kris S., a son of Epsom Derby winner Roberto, and out of the mare My Turbulent Miss.", "title": "Prized" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Country Heart is a Jorma Kaukonen studio album released in June, 2002. It was his first album on a major label since 1980's \"Barbeque King\". Kaukonen didn't write any new compositions for the album, and instead played mostly country-blues cover songs.The album features performances by Sam Bush, Jerry Douglas, Byron House and Bela Fleck, and was nominated for a Grammy award in 2003 for \"Best Traditional Folk Album.\"", "title": "Blue Country Heart" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total population of Vietnamese American was 2,067,527 (92.9% reporting one race, 6.5% reporting two races, 0.5% reporting three races, and 0.1% reporting four or more races). California and Texas had the highest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans: 40 and 12 percent, respectively. Other states with concentrations of Vietnamese Americans were Washington, Florida (four percent each) and Virginia (three percent). The largest number of Vietnamese outside Vietnam is in Orange County, California (184,153, or 6.1 percent of the county's population), followed by Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties; the three counties accounted for 26 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population in the United States. Many Vietnamese American businesses exist in the Little Saigon of Westminster and Garden Grove, where Vietnamese Americans make up 40.2 and 27.7 percent of the population respectively. About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order, Los Angeles, San Jose, Houston, San Francisco and Dallas - Fort Worth. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other states, including Denver, Boston, Chicago, Oklahoma (Oklahoma City and Tulsa in particular) and Oregon (Portland in particular).", "title": "Vietnamese Americans" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1775 treatise \"The Natural Varieties of Mankind\", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that \"one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them\".", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jalan Tun Sardon (Penang State Road P14) is a major road in Penang, Malaysia. Connecting Balik Pulau in the west until Paya Terubong in the east. It was named after the former Penang's state Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor), Tun Sardon Jubir.", "title": "Jalan Tun Sardon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punggol Park (Chinese: 榜鹅公园) is a park located in Hougang, in the north-eastern part of Singapore. The park is 16 hectares in size, with a 5 ha lake. Kite flying is not allowed here due to the proximity of Paya Lebar Airbase.", "title": "Punggol Park" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though the majority of Chileans reside in Chile, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina, United States, Australia and Canada and countries of the European Union. Although small in number, Chilean people also make up a substantial part of the permanent population of Antarctica and the Falkland Islands (see: Chileans in the Falkland Islands).", "title": "Chileans" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French Canadians (also referred to as Franco - Canadians or Canadiens; French: Canadien (ne) s français (es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French - speaking population in Canada, accounting for about 22 per cent of the country's total population. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well.", "title": "French Canadians" } ]	What race was the majority of the population of the country Paya Lebar is from?	Chinese	[]	Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them". Title: British Empire Passage: Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984. Title: Paya Lebar Single Member Constituency Passage: Paya Lebar Single Member Constituency was a constituency in Singapore. It used to exist from 1955 to 1991, where it was absorbed into Aljunied GRC.	[ "Paya Lebar Single Member Constituency", "British Empire" ]
2hop__281486_42292	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was elected to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada for the division of de La Vallière in 1860 and served until Confederation. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec for de La Vallière in 1867 and served until his death in 1884.", "title": "Jean-Baptiste-Georges Proulx" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Flies East is a 1935 American mystery film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Conrad Nagel, Florence Rice and Raymond Walburn. The action takes place on an airline flight with a murderer aboard. The film was an early example of the aviation \"disaster film\" genre.", "title": "Death Flies East" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a Parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.", "title": "Politics of Norway" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Union List or List - I is a list of 100 items (the last item is numbered 97) given in Seventh Schedule in the Constitution of India on which Parliament has exclusive power to legislate. The legislative section is divided into three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland or Australia, residual powers remain with the Union Government, as with the Canadian federal government.", "title": "Union List" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that \"Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order.\" Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional.", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress may define the jurisdiction of the judiciary through the simultaneous use of two powers. First, Congress holds the power to create (and, implicitly, to define the jurisdiction of) federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court (i.e. Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and various other Article I and Article III tribunals). This court - creating power is granted both in the congressional powers clause (Art. I, § 8, Cl. 9) and in the judicial vesting clause (Art. III, § 1). Second, Congress has the power to make exceptions to and regulations of the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. This court - limiting power is granted in the Exceptions Clause (Art. III, § 2). By exercising these powers in concert, Congress may effectively eliminate any judicial review of certain federal legislative or executive actions and of certain state actions, or alternatively transfer the judicial review responsibility to state courts by ``knocking (federal courts)... out of the game. ''", "title": "Jurisdiction stripping" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Head of State of Portugal is the President of the Republic, elected to a five-year term by direct, universal suffrage. He or she has also supervision and reserve powers. These powers are often compared[by whom?] with the \"moderator power\" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation needed] Presidential powers include the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the Government (where the President takes into account the results of legislative elections); dismissing the Prime Minister; dissolving the Assembly of the Republic (to call early elections); vetoing legislation (which may be overridden by the Assembly with a supermajority); and declaring a state of war or siege. The President is also the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives—and § 7—requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House—represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2⁄3 majority. Legislation may always prescribe regulations governing executive officers.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 2014, Professor Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money. The College made its first public announcement of his death on 4 December 2014. Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that he should get grants worth at least £200,000 per year. His last email was viewed more than 100,000 times in the first four days after it was posted. The College has announced an internal inquiry into Stefan Grimm's death. The inquest on his death has not yet reported.", "title": "Imperial College London" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fist Power is a 2000 Hong Kong action film directed by Aman Chang, starring Chiu Man-cheuk, Anthony Wong, Gigi Lai and Sam Lee. Shooting for the film took place in Hong Kong between February and March 1999. The film was released in Hong Kong theatres on 21 January 2000.", "title": "Fist Power" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, Congress has also long asserted the power to investigate and the power to compel cooperation with an investigation. The Supreme Court has affirmed these powers as an implication of Congress's power to legislate. Since the power to investigate is an aspect of Congress's power to legislate, it is as broad as Congress's powers to legislate. However, it is also limited to inquiries that are ``in aid of the legislative function; ''Congress may not`` expose for the sake of exposure.'' It is uncontroversial that a proper subject of Congress's investigation power is the operations of the federal government, but Congress's ability to compel the submission of documents or testimony from the President or his subordinates is often - discussed and sometimes controversial (see executive privilege), although not often litigated. As a practical matter, the limitation of Congress's ability to investigate only for a proper purpose (``in aid of ''its legislative powers) functions as a limit on Congress's ability to investigate the private affairs of individual citizens; matters that simply demand action by another branch of government, without implicating an issue of public policy necessitating legislation by Congress, must be left to those branches due to the doctrine of separation of powers. The courts are highly deferential to Congress's exercise of its investigation powers, however. Congress has the power to investigate that which it could regulate, and the courts have interpreted Congress's regulatory powers broadly since the Great Depression.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\"", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Head of Government is Antoni Martí of the Democrats for Andorra (DA). Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both government and parliament.", "title": "Andorra" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1960 Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive was led by a Greek Cypriot president and a Turkish Cypriot vice-president elected by their respective communities for five-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. Legislative power rested on the House of Representatives who were also elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oberleutnant Stefan Kirmaier was a World War I German flying ace credited with eleven aerial victories. Kirmaier would succeed Oswald Boelcke as commander of the famed Jagdstaffel 2 before being killed in action.", "title": "Stefan Kirmaier" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislative branches overlap.", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The League series is an ongoing romance book series by the American author Sherrilyn Kenyon. The books are published by St. Martin's Press. It consists of eleven books that take place in a future time in a place known as the Ichidian Universe. In this universe, The League is in charge. The brutal, expertly trained League Assassins are essentially the power of the government. But like all governments, even the League is corrupt. The tagline for the series is \"In Morte Veritas\" (In Death, There is Truth).", "title": "The League series" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first time \"affirmative action\" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the executive order. He wanted a phrase that \"gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order.\" He was torn between the words \"positive action\" and \"affirmative action,\" and selected the later due to its alliterative quality. The term \"active recruitment\" started to be used as well. This order, albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation, in reality carried little actual power. The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors, leaving nearly $7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised.:60", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote.", "title": "Warsaw" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stefan Meller (4 July 1942 in Lyon, France – 4 February 2008 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish diplomat and academician. He served as foreign minister of Poland from 31 October 2005, to 9 May 2006, in the cabinet of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz.", "title": "Stefan Meller" } ]	Who has the power of legislative action in the city where Stefan Meller died?	Warsaw City Council	[]	Title: Politics of Norway Passage: The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a Parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature. Title: Stefan Meller Passage: Stefan Meller (4 July 1942 in Lyon, France – 4 February 2008 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish diplomat and academician. He served as foreign minister of Poland from 31 October 2005, to 9 May 2006, in the cabinet of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz. Title: Warsaw Passage: Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote.	[ "Warsaw", "Stefan Meller" ]
2hop__226582_66282	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant-Colonel Sir George James Cullum Welch, 1st Baronet, (20 October 1895 - 28 July 1980), commonly known as Sir Cullum Welch, was a British Army officer, businessman, and member of the City of London Corporation, who served as Lord Mayor of London between 1956 and 1957.", "title": "Cullum Welch" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Adams, 6th Baronet (bpt. 17 February 1738 – April 1770) was an officer in the Royal Navy who served during the Seven Years' War.", "title": "Sir Thomas Adams, 6th Baronet" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Gregory Foster (10 June 1866 – 24 September 1931) was the Provost of University College London from 1904–1929, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 1928 to 1930.", "title": "Gregory Foster" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Brook Watson, 1st Baronet (7 February 1735 – 2 October 1807) was a British merchant, soldier, and later Lord Mayor of London. He is perhaps most famous as the subject of John Singleton Copley's painting \"Watson and the Shark, \"which depicts a shark attack on Watson as a boy that resulted in the loss of his right leg below the knee.", "title": "Brook Watson" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet (13 August 1623 – 6 September 1708) was a successful English merchant and philanthropist who also served briefly as an MP. He established Morden College in Blackheath, south-east London as a home for retired merchants; as a charity, it continues to provide residential care over 300 years later.", "title": "Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Robert Abercromby, 5th Baronet of Birkenbog and Forglen, FRSE (4 February 1784 – 6 July 1855) was a Scottish politician.", "title": "Sir Robert Abercromby, 5th Baronet" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir George Makgill, 11th Baronet (24 December 1868 in Stirling – 16 October 1926 in London) was a Scottish peer who was also a novelist and right-wing propagandist.", "title": "George Makgill" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet (2 January 1602 – 2 January 1683) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England in two periods between 1646 and 1660. He was a High Court judge who presided at the trial of regicides.", "title": "Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, 4th Baronet, KCB (2 January 1795 – 3 November 1853) was an East India Company civil servant and agent of the Governor General of India at the imperial court of the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.", "title": "Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ernest Troubridge was born in Hampstead, London, on 15 July 1862, the third son of Sir Thomas St Vincent Hope Cochrane Troubridge and his wife Louisa Jane (nee Gurney, a niece of Elizabeth Fry, the Quaker and prison reformer). Thomas Troubridge had served in the army during the Crimean War, and had lost his right leg and left foot at the Battle of Inkerman. The family had a particularly strong naval tradition, Ernest's great-grandfather, Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet, had fought alongside Nelson at Cape St Vincent, while his grandfather, Sir Edward Troubridge, 2nd Baronet, had also been an admiral. Ernest was also more distantly related to the distinguished admirals Sir Alexander Cochrane and Thomas Cochrane, Lord Cochrane. Ernest Troubridge briefly attended Wellington College before joining the Royal Navy in 1875. He attended the Royal Naval College, at Dartmouth as a naval cadet, and by 1884 had been promoted to lieutenant. During his service with the fleet he was awarded the silver medal of the Royal Humane Society, when in 1888 he saved the life of a young seaman who had fallen overboard in the night while their ship was in Suda Bay, Crete.", "title": "Ernest Troubridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Baronet (29 February 1749 – 24 March 1838, in London) was a British floriculturist and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1818.", "title": "Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Baronet" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Samuel Cunard, 1st Baronet (21 November 1787 – 28 April 1865), was a Canadian shipping magnate, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who founded the Cunard Line. He was the son of a master carpenter and timber merchant who had fled the American Revolution and settled in Halifax.", "title": "Samuel Cunard" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Pryce, 1st Baronet (c. 1596–c. 1657), sometimes also spelt Price, was an Anglo-Welsh Baronet and Member of Parliament.", "title": "Sir John Pryce, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir James Boleyn was a courtier in the reign of Henry VIII of England and chancellor of the household of his niece, Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII and thus the great-uncle of Elizabeth I. James was the son of Sir William Boleyn and his eldest brother was Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire.", "title": "James Boleyn" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crane was born in Liverpool in 1842 as the daughter of the portrait and miniature painter Thomas Crane. Her elder brother Thomas and younger brother Walter both became noted artists. The Crane family moved from Liverpool to Torquay in 1845. Lucy then went to school in London, and in 1859 the family left Torquay for London. From an early age, Crane showed considerable taste and skill in drawing and coloring. Circumstances, however, turned her attention to general educational work and she found employment as a governess. She became an accomplished musician, and was not only distinguished for her delicacy of touch as an executant, but also for the classical refinement of her taste and her knowledge of the earlier Italian and English.", "title": "Lucy Crane" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Butler, 1st Baronet (died 1642) was an Irish nobleman, the illegitimate son of Sir Edmund Butler of Cloughgrenan and grandson of James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond.", "title": "Sir Thomas Butler, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Robert Slingsby, 1st Baronet (1611–1661) was an English baronet, author and Naval commander, and in his last years a much-loved colleague of Samuel Pepys.", "title": "Sir Robert Slingsby, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Jaffrey, 1st Baronet (11 April 1861 – 23 July 1953) was a Scottish actuary and a prominent citizen of Aberdeen.", "title": "Thomas Jaffrey" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir George Bowyer, 6th Baronet and 2nd Baronet, KStJ, GCSG, KCPO (3 March 1783 – 1 July 1860), was a British politician. He sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1807 and 1818, first as a Tory and then as a Whig.", "title": "Sir George Bowyer, 6th Baronet" } ]	During which reign was the employer of Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet founded?	Queen Elizabeth I	[]	Title: Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet Passage: Sir Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, 4th Baronet, KCB (2 January 1795 – 3 November 1853) was an East India Company civil servant and agent of the Governor General of India at the imperial court of the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. Title: Samuel Cunard Passage: Sir Samuel Cunard, 1st Baronet (21 November 1787 – 28 April 1865), was a Canadian shipping magnate, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who founded the Cunard Line. He was the son of a master carpenter and timber merchant who had fled the American Revolution and settled in Halifax. Title: East India Company Passage: The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.	[ "Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet", "East India Company" ]
4hop1__132458_84360_334118_21414	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several other amendments have been adopted since 1814. After World War II and the restoration of peace and constitutional rule, there was much debate on how to handle the events of the previous five years. None of this led to any changes in the constitution; it had withstood the test of hard times.", "title": "Constitution of Norway" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Magnolia Matewan High School was a public high school located in Matewan, West Virginia. The school has been in a succession of four different buildings since 1914. It was formerly known as Magnolia District High School. The mascot is the tiger (Matewan Tigers). The colors seem to be debated occasionally, but usually consist of green and gold (the different shades of green, as well as white as opposed to gold are the subjects of the debates).", "title": "Matewan High School" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.", "title": "Association football" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His reign represented the start of a new era in Brunei. The discovery of oil changed the whole course of Brunei's history and enabled faster development in all sectors of the country. The expansion and improvement of formal education and his encouragement of religious education were some of his additional contributions to Brunei Darussalam.", "title": "Ahmad Tajuddin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olympic Gold medals are required to be made from at least 92.5% silver, and must contain a minimum of 6 grams of gold. All Olympic medals must be at least 60mm in diameter and 3mm thick. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the Olympic host. From 1928 through 1968 the design was always the same: the obverse showed a generic design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli of Greek goddess Nike with Rome's Colloseum in the background and text naming the host city; the reverse showed another generic design of Nike saluting an Olympic champion.", "title": "Gold medal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern was the setting for five more meetings between October and December, which eventually produced the first comprehensive set of rules. At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath, withdrew his club from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping and holding. Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union. The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen laws of the game. These rules included handling of the ball by \"marks\" and the lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between the games.", "title": "Association football" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.", "title": "Yale University" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Falling in Reverse is an American rock band based in Las Vegas, Nevada and formed in 2008, signed to Epitaph Records.", "title": "Falling in Reverse" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally composed of amateur players, a 1989 rule change by FIBA allowed USA Basketball to field teams with NBA players. The first such team, known as the ``Dream Team '', won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, being superior in all matches.", "title": "United States men's national basketball team" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It was founded in March 1996 by 23-year-old Harvard graduates Tony Hsieh (who later went on to invest in and become the CEO of Zappos) and Sanjay Madan. Ali Partovi later joined them as a third partner in August 1996. In November 1996, when the company consisted of about 10 people, it moved from Hsieh's and Madan's living room to an office in San Francisco. In May 1997, the company received US$3 million in funding from Sequoia Capital.", "title": "LinkExchange" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Reverse Peephole\" is the 12th episode of the ninth season of the television comedy series (the 168th overall), \"Seinfeld\". It was written by Spike Feresten and directed by Andy Ackerman.", "title": "The Reverse Peephole" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black River Falls Area Airport is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) south of the central business district of Black River Falls, a city in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. It is owned by the city of Black River Falls and Jackson County.", "title": "Black River Falls Area Airport" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In fifty years, Gold Coast City has grown from a small beachside holiday destination to Australia's sixth largest city (and the country's most populous non-capital city). Situated within South East Queensland's growth corridor, the Gold Coast is one of Australia's fastest growing large cities, with a 5-year annual average population growth rate to 2015 of 1.8%, compared to 1.5% nationally. Gross Regional Product has risen from A$9.7 billion in 2001, to A$15.6 billion in 2008, a rise of 61 percent. Tourism remains fundamental to Gold Coast City's economy, with almost 10 million visitors a year to the area. In the past the economy was driven by the population derived industries of construction, tourism and retail. Some diversification has taken place, with the city now having an industrial base formed of marine, education, information communication and technology, food, tourism, creative, environment and sports industries. These nine industries have been identified as the key industries by the City of Gold Coast Council to deliver the city's economic prosperity. Gold Coast City's unemployment rate (5.6 per cent) is below the national level (5.9 per cent). The declaration of Southport as the Gold Coast central business district (CBD) and a Priority Development Area (PDA), as well as new investment into the CBD, is driving transformative change and creating new business and investment opportunities.", "title": "Gold Coast, Queensland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Gold Spike (formerly Gold Spike Hotel & Casino) is a bar, lounge, residential building, and former boutique 112 - room, seven floor hotel. It is connected with the Oasis at the Gold Spike, a 50 - room three floor hotel located in downtown Las Vegas. It was owned by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh and his Downtown Project, having bought it from The Siegel Group; and the casino was operated by Golden Gaming.", "title": "Gold Spike (property)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The colours of the modern flag are associated with the republican democracy first proposed in 1848, formed after World War I, and represent German unity and freedom. During the Weimar Republic, the black - red - gold colours were the colours of the democratic, centrist, and republican political parties, as seen in the name of Reichsbanner Schwarz - Rot - Gold, formed by members of the Social Democratic, the Centre, and the Democratic parties to defend the republic against extremists on the right and left.", "title": "Flag of Germany" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).", "title": "Compact disc" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an \"elastic\" currency subject to \"substantial changes of quantity over short periods\", which differed significantly from previous forms of high-powered money such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins. Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 was not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.", "title": "United States dollar" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium (AMG) is a school in Bensberg, part of the city of Bergisch Gladbach in Germany. It provides secondary education in the German system from grade 5 to 12/13. It was founded in 1858 as the Bensberger-Progymnasium. Since 1958 it exists in current form providing nine years of education which has changed for new students since 2005 to eight years. The student body comprises between 850 and 900 students with 50 to 60 teachers.", "title": "Albertus Magnus Gymnasium" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial 17.6 - karat gold final spike driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the United States connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The term last spike has been used to refer to one driven at the usually ceremonial completion of any new railroad construction projects, particularly those in which construction is undertaken from two disparate origins towards a meeting point. The spike is now displayed in the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University.", "title": "Golden spike" } ]	A man went to college before buying the Gold Spike in the city that also produced the band Falling in Reverse. Who represented his college during the rule-changing debates?	A. Lawrence Lowell	[ "Lawrence Lowell" ]	Title: Falling in Reverse Passage: Falling in Reverse is an American rock band based in Las Vegas, Nevada and formed in 2008, signed to Epitaph Records. Title: LinkExchange Passage: It was founded in March 1996 by 23-year-old Harvard graduates Tony Hsieh (who later went on to invest in and become the CEO of Zappos) and Sanjay Madan. Ali Partovi later joined them as a third partner in August 1996. In November 1996, when the company consisted of about 10 people, it moved from Hsieh's and Madan's living room to an office in San Francisco. In May 1997, the company received US$3 million in funding from Sequoia Capital. Title: Yale University Passage: In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries. Title: Gold Spike (property) Passage: Gold Spike (formerly Gold Spike Hotel & Casino) is a bar, lounge, residential building, and former boutique 112 - room, seven floor hotel. It is connected with the Oasis at the Gold Spike, a 50 - room three floor hotel located in downtown Las Vegas. It was owned by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh and his Downtown Project, having bought it from The Siegel Group; and the casino was operated by Golden Gaming.	[ "Yale University", "Falling in Reverse", "LinkExchange", "Gold Spike (property)" ]
2hop__54562_641809	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least every five years. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster (commonly known as the Houses of Parliament) in London. By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, are members of the House of Commons or, less commonly, the House of Lords and are thereby accountable to the respective branches of the legislature. Most cabinet ministers (Secretaries of State) are from the Commons, whilst junior ministers can be from either House. However, it should be noted the Leader of the House of Lords must be a peer and is a cabinet position, usually combined with a paid position.", "title": "Parliament of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with. These are ministers without portfolio — they don't have a ministry to control.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cabinet of Tanzania is the most senior level of the executive branch of Tanzania and consists of the President, Vice President, President of Zanzibar, Prime Minister and all the Ministers. Deputy Ministers are not part of the cabinet.", "title": "Cabinet of Tanzania" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamal Ganzouri (, ‎; born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded \"Minister of the Poor\" and \"the Opposition Minister\" because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as prime minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011.", "title": "Kamal Ganzouri" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current prime minister is Theresa May, who took office on 13 July 2016. She is the leader of the Conservative Party, which won a majority of seats in the House of Commons in the general election on 7 May 2015, when David Cameron was the party leader; although at the last general election she failed to secure a majority government. Prior to this, Cameron and the Conservatives led a coalition from 2010 to 2015 with the Liberal Democrats, in which Cameron was prime minister.", "title": "Government of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilmos Rőder (11 January 1881 – 13 December 1969) was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence between 1936 and 1938. He fought in the First World War as Chief of Army Staff of Army Corps. He was the triggering of the army development between 1930 and 1934, but he had a conflict with Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös in connection with these plans, that's why he retired. Later the new Prime Minister Kálmán Darányi appointed him as Minister of Defence. He participated in the planning of the Program of Győr. Rőder resigned along with the other members of the cabinet in 1938. Following this he joined to the group of István Bethlen, which opposed entering World War II.", "title": "Vilmos Rőder" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Smith served as a junior minister for the British Army and Employment during the Edward Heath government of 1970 to 1974.", "title": "Dudley Smith" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Felix Dias Bandaranaike (Sinhala:ෆෙලික්ස් ඩයස් බණඩාරනායක) (5 November 1930 – 26 June 1985) was a Sri Lankan politician who served as Cabinet Minister of Finance, Parliamentary Secretary for the Prime Minister and Defence and External Affairs (\"de facto\" foreign minister) (1960–1965) and Cabinet Minister of Justice (1970–77) in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mrs.Sirimavo Bandaranaike. He was a very popular person about the anti-corruption campaign and also known as the \"\"virtual leader of the state\"\" during the SLFP governments after the death of Prime minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike. He was very active in defeating two major coups against the government, one is 1962 attempted military coup and JVP's 1971 JVP Insurrection.", "title": "Felix Dias Bandaranaike" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Béla Miklós de Dálnok, Vitéz of Dálnok (11 June 1890 – 21 November 1948) was a Hungarian military officer and politician who served as acting Prime Minister of Hungary, at first in opposition, and then officially, from 1944 to 1945. He was the last Prime Minister of war-time Hungary.", "title": "Béla Miklós" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Royal Arms used by Her Majesty's Government Incumbent Theresa May since 13 July 2016 (2016 - 07 - 13) Government of the United Kingdom Office of the Prime Minister Style Prime Minister (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth) His / Her Excellency (in international correspondence) Member of Cabinet Privy Council European Council British -- Irish Council Reports to Parliament Residence 10 Downing Street Chequers Seat Westminster Appointer Monarch of the United Kingdom Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Inaugural holder Sir Robert Walpole as First Lord of the Treasury and de facto first Prime Minister. Formation 4 April 1721 Salary £151,451 annual, including £76,011 MP's salary Website Official website", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "title": "Marisol Touraine" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom European Communities referendum of 1975, also known as the Common Market referendum and EEC membership referendum was non-binding referendum held on 5 June 1975 in the United Kingdom to gauge support for the country's continued membership of the European Communities (EC) -- often known at the time as the ``Common Market ''-- which it had entered on 1 January 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath. Labour's manifesto for the October 1974 general election had promised that the people would decide`` through the ballot box'' whether to remain in the EC.", "title": "1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General was a Japanese imperial prince, a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 30th Prime Minister of Japan from 17 August 1945 to 9 October 1945, a period of 54 days. An uncle-in-law of Emperor Hirohito twice over, Prince Higashikuni was the only member of the Japanese imperial family to head a cabinet and was the last general officer of the Imperial Japanese military to become Prime Minister. He was the founder of the Chiba Institute of Technology.", "title": "Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2011, the ruling Civic Platform won parliamentary elections. Poland joined the European Space Agency in 2012, as well as organised the UEFA Euro 2012 (along with Ukraine). In 2013, Poland also became a member of the Development Assistance Committee. In 2014, the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, was chosen to be President of the European Council, and resigned as prime minister. The 2015 elections were won by the opposition Law and Justice Party (PiS).", "title": "Poland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cabinet of Thailand or, formally, the Council of Ministers of Thailand (; is a body composed of thirty-five of the most senior members of the government of the Kingdom of Thailand. The cabinet is the primary organ of the executive branch of the Thai government. Members of the cabinet are nominated by the prime minister and formally appointed by the King of Thailand. Most members are governmental department heads with the title of \"minister of state\" (; . The cabinet is chaired by the Prime Minister of Thailand. The cabinet is often collectively called \"the government\" or \"the Royal Thai Government\".", "title": "Cabinet of Thailand" } ]	What military branch did the Prime Minister of Britain when it joined the common market serve in?	British Army	[]	Title: Poland Passage: In 2011, the ruling Civic Platform won parliamentary elections. Poland joined the European Space Agency in 2012, as well as organised the UEFA Euro 2012 (along with Ukraine). In 2013, Poland also became a member of the Development Assistance Committee. In 2014, the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, was chosen to be President of the European Council, and resigned as prime minister. The 2015 elections were won by the opposition Law and Justice Party (PiS). Title: 1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum Passage: The United Kingdom European Communities referendum of 1975, also known as the Common Market referendum and EEC membership referendum was non-binding referendum held on 5 June 1975 in the United Kingdom to gauge support for the country's continued membership of the European Communities (EC) -- often known at the time as the ``Common Market ''-- which it had entered on 1 January 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath. Labour's manifesto for the October 1974 general election had promised that the people would decide`` through the ballot box'' whether to remain in the EC. Title: Dudley Smith Passage: Smith served as a junior minister for the British Army and Employment during the Edward Heath government of 1970 to 1974.	[ "Dudley Smith", "1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum" ]
2hop__350323_87112	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers. The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City - Ogden - Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada).", "title": "Salt Lake City" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 10, 2013, Boss and fellow SYTYCD alum Allison Holker married at Nigel Lythgoe's Villa San Juliette Vineyard and Winery in Paso Robles, Calif. He became father to Holker's daughter, Weslie. On March 27, 2016, Holker gave birth to their son, Maddox Laurel.", "title": "Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susan George (born June 29, 1934) is an American and French political and social scientist, activist and writer on global social justice, Third World poverty, underdevelopment and debt. She is a fellow and president of the board of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam. She is a fierce critic of the present policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (IBRD) and what she calls their 'maldevelopment model'. She similarly criticizes the structural reform policies of the Washington Consensus on Third World development. She is of U.S. birth but now resides in France, and has dual citizenship since 1994.", "title": "Susan George (political scientist)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfonso Qua is a sailor from Philippines. Qua represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Qua took 26th place in the Soling with Mario Almario as helmsman and Ambrosio Santos as fellow crew member.", "title": "Alfonso Qua" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Population Foundation (WPF) was founded in 1987 in the Netherlands by Diana and Roy W. Brown. Their purpose was to create an organisation to draw attention to the effects of high birth rates and rapid population growth on maternal and infant mortality, communities and the environment, and to raise funds for population projects and programmes, with the ultimate aim of reducing world poverty and improving the quality of life of the world’s poorest people.", "title": "World Population Foundation" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dave Attell's Insomniac Tour is a comedy tour featuring Dave Attell along with his friends and fellow stand-up comedians - Greg Giraldo, Sean Rouse, and Dane Cook - which took place in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "title": "Dave Attell's Insomniac Tour" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of the countries and regions of the United Kingdom was last measured by census in 2011. and the Census organisations have produced population estimates for subsequent years by updating the census results with estimates of births, deaths and migration in each year. The census results, and the annual population estimates, summarised below show that England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom and its population is therefore also presented by region.", "title": "Countries of the United Kingdom by population" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mario Almario (born 18 July 1934) is a sailor from Philippines. Almario represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Almario took 26th place in the Soling with Alfonso Qua and Ambrosio Santos as fellow crew members.", "title": "Mario Almario" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank's Place is an American comedy-drama series that aired on CBS for 22 episodes during the 1987-1988 television season. The series was created by Hugh Wilson and executive produced by Wilson and series star and fellow \"WKRP in Cincinnati\" alumnus Tim Reid.", "title": "Frank's Place" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oleg Bogayev was born in 1970 in the city of Sverdlovsk (now called Yekaterinburg) in Russia. He writes of growing up as the Cold War gave way to the emergence of Perestroika, a \"change from the decay of the empire to the birth of a new society.\" He cites the social turmoil of recent decades as useful for artistic product: \"[What] I know is that Russia is just the right place for a playwright - with shattering of fates, conflicts, crumbling of hopes, clashes of ideas - all that I've seen and experienced.\"", "title": "Oleg Bogayev" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the past, people at Eton have occasionally been guilty of antisemitism. For a time, new admissions were called 'Jews' by their fellow Collegers. In 1945, the school introduced a nationality statute conditioning entry on the applicant's father being British by birth. The statute was removed after the intervention of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in the 1960s after it came to the attention of Oxford's Wykeham Professor of Logic, A. J. Ayer, himself Jewish and an Old Etonian, who \"suspected a whiff of anti-semitism\".", "title": "Eton College" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls \"urban audit core cities\". The Paris Urban Area, or \"unité urbaine\", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Salt Lake City, Utah and raised in Madison, Wisconsin, Fellows served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II. He was a graduate of the University of Wisconsin and a member of the Actors Studio. He moved to London in 1973 to further his stage career.", "title": "Don Fellows" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. The book predicted a grim future, as population would increase geometrically, doubling every 25 years, but food production would only grow arithmetically, which would result in famine and starvation, unless births were controlled.", "title": "An Essay on the Principle of Population" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fellows is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. Fellows is located west-northwest of Taft, at an elevation of . The population was 106 at the 2010 census, down from 153 at the 2000 census. Fellows is surrounded on all sides by the enormous Midway-Sunset Oil Field, the third-largest oil field in the United States, and the oil and gas industry accounts for much of the area's economic activity.", "title": "Fellows, California" } ]	What's the population of the birthplace of Don Fellows?	190,884	[]	Title: Don Fellows Passage: Born in Salt Lake City, Utah and raised in Madison, Wisconsin, Fellows served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II. He was a graduate of the University of Wisconsin and a member of the Actors Studio. He moved to London in 1973 to further his stage career. Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Title: Salt Lake City Passage: Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City - Ogden - Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada).	[ "Salt Lake City", "Don Fellows" ]
2hop__229965_65919	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernays Emery \"Buster\" Bishop (1920 – November 19, 2004) was an American college golf coach. Bishop was best known for leading the Florida Gators men's golf team of the University of Florida to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I championships in 1968 and 1973.", "title": "Buster Bishop" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lane Monte Kiffin (born May 9, 1975) is an American football coach who is currently the head football coach at Florida Atlantic University.", "title": "Lane Kiffin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lopez was born in Humacao, Puerto Rico. He attended the Bolles School in Jacksonville, Florida, where he was a member of the Bolles School Swimming Club. Lopez accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he competed for the Florida Gators swimming and diving team under coach Gregg Troy. He majored in civil engineering at the university.", "title": "Arsenio López" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Alan Hardy (born June 1, 1956 in Murray, Utah), is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the 9th round of the 1978 NFL Draft. A 6'5\", 232 lbs. tight end from Arizona State University, Hardy played his entire NFL career with the Dolphins from 1978-1989. He was married to Joanie Hardy for 20 years and has four sons: Nathan, Adam, Aaron and Matthew. He coached in the Arena Football League for the Florida Bobcats before coaching for Florida International University.", "title": "Bruce Hardy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering behavioral neuroscience published by Elsevier. The journal publishes reviews, theoretical articles, and mini-reviews. It is an official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society.", "title": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia Law Review is a law review edited and published by students at Columbia Law School. The journal publishes scholarly articles, essays, and student notes.", "title": "Columbia Law Review" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nature Physics, is a monthly, peer reviewed, scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group. It was first published in October 2005 (volume 1, issue 1). The Chief Editor is Andrea Taroni, who is a full-time professional editor employed by this journal.", "title": "Nature Physics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology is a peer-reviewed journal for oncologists. The journal was renamed from Nature Clinical Practice Oncology in April 2009. \"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology\" is one of eight Clinical Review journals published by the Nature Publishing Group. It covers research developments and clinical practice in oncology. The Chief Editor is Dr Diana Romero who works with an international Advisory Board of clinicians.", "title": "Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Living Reviews in Relativity is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal publishing reviews on relativity in the areas of physics and astrophysics. It was founded by Bernard Schutz and published at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics from 1998-2015. After it was sold by Max Planck Society in June 2015, it is now published by the academic publisher Springer Science+Business Media.", "title": "Living Reviews in Relativity" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mass Spectrometry Reviews (usually abbreviated as \"Mass Spectrom. Rev.\"), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1982 by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes reviews in selected topics of mass spectrometry and associated scientific disciplines bimonthly.", "title": "Mass Spectrometry Reviews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nature Reviews Microbiology is a peer-reviewed review journal published by the Nature Publishing Group. It publishes reviews and perspectives on microbiology, bridging fundamental research and its clinical, industrial, and environmental applications.", "title": "Nature Reviews Microbiology" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Frost did n't take long to turn the Knights around. He won six games in 2016, losing the 2016 Cure Bowl. In 2017, the Knights stormed through the regular season, finishing 12 - 0. It was the school's first - ever undefeated and untied regular season. They won The American championship game at home against Memphis, earning them a berth in the 2018 Peach Bowl -- the school's second - ever appearance in a major bowl. It was announced that Scott Frost will coach in the 2018 Peach Bowl for UCF.", "title": "Scott Frost" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South Atlantic Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the South Atlantic Modern Language Association. It was established in 1935 and publishes articles and reviews in the fields of language and literature. As of Summer 2014, its editor-in-chief is Barton Palmer.", "title": "South Atlantic Review" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rod Payne (born June 14, 1974) is a former professional American football center who was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He is also a former All-American center who played for the University of Michigan Michigan Wolverines football team from 1993 to 1996. He won a Super Bowl with the 2000 Baltimore Ravens. He became a high school football coach and was named the 2007 \"South Florida Sun-Sentinel\" Class 3A-2A-1A Coach of the Year. In March 2009, Payne was announced as the Defensive Line Coach for Florida Atlantic University, marking his first foray into coaching at the collegiate level. After leaving Florida Atlantic, Payne was named the Head Football Coach at Spanish River High School in Boca Raton, Florida. Payne stepped down from his position as coach of Spanish River High School after a losing season of 0-10 and now is a personal fitness trainer at The Facility for Personal Training in Boca Raton, Florida", "title": "Rod Payne" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tampa Review is a literary magazine produced at The University of Tampa in Tampa, Florida. It was founded in 1964 as the \"Tampa Poetry Review\" and changed to its current name in 1988.", "title": "Tampa Review" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Florida Review is a national, non-profit literary journal published twice a year by the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida.", "title": "The Florida Review" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2002 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 2002 college football season. The Gators competed in Division I-A of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and played their home games at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. They were led by first-year head coach Ron Zook, who coached them to a second-place finish in the SEC East, an Outback Bowl berth, and an overall record of 8–5 (.615).", "title": "2002 Florida Gators football team" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gary Robert Tuck (born September 6, 1954) is an American professional baseball former player and coach. He has coached in Minor League Baseball and in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees, Florida Marlins, and Boston Red Sox.", "title": "Gary Tuck" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statistical Science is a review journal published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. The founding editor was Morris H. DeGroot, who explained the mission of the journal in his 1986 editorial:", "title": "Statistical Science" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Marić (born 19 April 1984) is a Croatian track and field athlete who competes in the discus throw. He has a personal best of , achieved in April 2014 in Chula Vista, California. He also has in the javelin throw, achieved in May 2006. Martin Marić was a throws coach at the University Of Virginia 2012 - 2015. Maric spent the springs of 2010 and 2011 as a volunteer assistant coach at the University of Florida.", "title": "Martin Marić" } ]	Who is the football coach at the university that publishes The Florida Review?	Scott Frost	[]	Title: Nature Physics Passage: Nature Physics, is a monthly, peer reviewed, scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group. It was first published in October 2005 (volume 1, issue 1). The Chief Editor is Andrea Taroni, who is a full-time professional editor employed by this journal. Title: The Florida Review Passage: The Florida Review is a national, non-profit literary journal published twice a year by the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida. Title: Scott Frost Passage: Frost did n't take long to turn the Knights around. He won six games in 2016, losing the 2016 Cure Bowl. In 2017, the Knights stormed through the regular season, finishing 12 - 0. It was the school's first - ever undefeated and untied regular season. They won The American championship game at home against Memphis, earning them a berth in the 2018 Peach Bowl -- the school's second - ever appearance in a major bowl. It was announced that Scott Frost will coach in the 2018 Peach Bowl for UCF.	[ "Scott Frost", "The Florida Review" ]
2hop__408076_36215	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alūksne () is a town on the shores of Lake Alūksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. It is the seat of Alūksne municipality. Alūksne is the highest elevated Latvian city, located in East Vidzeme Upland at 217 m above sea level. The high elevation of the city affects the social and physical arrangement of the place.", "title": "Alūksne" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Mountain Ridge is a ridge located in Allegany County, Maryland lying 3.25 miles west of Flintstone, Maryland and extending into Pennsylvania. Its highest elevation is 1,980 feet.", "title": "Martin Mountain Ridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pasjača (Serbian Cyrillic: Пасјача) is a mountain in southern Serbia, near the town of Žitorađa. Its highest peak has an elevation of 971 meters above sea level.", "title": "Pasjača (mountain)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vesulspitze is a mountain of the Samnaun Alps, located near Ischgl in Austria. With an elevation of 3,089 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit of the Samnaun Alps north of the Zeblasjoch.", "title": "Vesulspitze" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Davis has the highest elevation above sea level of any county seat in Texas; the elevation is 5,050 feet.", "title": "Fort Davis, Texas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (after the Maldives). The highest elevations are typically in narrow storm dunes on the ocean side of the islands which are prone to overtopping in tropical cyclones, as occurred with Cyclone Bebe, which was a very early-season storm that passed through the Tuvaluan atolls in October 1972. Cyclone Bebe submerged Funafuti, eliminating 90% of structures on the island. Sources of drinking water were contaminated as a result of the system's storm surge and the flooding of the sources of fresh water.", "title": "Tuvalu" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fualopa is an islet of Funafuti, Tuvalu. It is part of the Funafuti Conservation Area, established in 1996 with the aim of preserving the natural fauna and flora of the area. Fualopa hosts a breeding colony of black noddy (\"Anous minutus\" or white-capped noddy).", "title": "Fualopa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak 2,918 metres (9,573 ft), the highest in the country. Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of 2,637 m (8,652 ft) at Mt. Smolikas (the second-highest in Greece) and historically has been a significant barrier to east-west travel.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,900 metres (16,000 ft). The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, earth's highest mountain rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri.", "title": "Monte Solaro" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Seetalhorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Grächen in the canton of Valais. With an elevation of 3,037 m, it is the highest point of the ski area of Grächen.", "title": "Seetalhorn" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of the 20 highest major summits of the Caribbean, only Pico Duarte exceeds 3000 meters (9843 feet) elevation, six peaks exceed 2000 meters (6562 feet), and 15 peaks exceed 1000 meters (3281 feet) elevation.", "title": "List of mountain peaks of the Caribbean" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stewart Peak, elevation , is a summit in Colorado. The peak is the second highest thirteener (a peak between 13,000 and 13,999 feet in elevation) in the state. It is located in the La Garita Mountains, sub-range of the San Juan Mountains, in Saguache County, within the La Garita Wilderness. Stewart Peak is the 55th highest peak in Colorado by most standard definitions, just missing the list of Colorado fourteeners. At one time, the peak's elevation was measured to be over 14,000 ft and it was believed to be a fourteener, but more recent and accurate surveys have dropped it below that threshold.", "title": "Stewart Peak (Colorado)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sierra Mágina is a massif mostly in the province of Jaén (southern Spain), part of the Cordillera Subbética. The highest peak is the Pico Mágina, with an elevation of 2,164 m.", "title": "Sierra Mágina" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cigarette Rock is a summit in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, in the United States. With an elevation of , Cigarette Rock is the 799th highest summit in Montana.", "title": "Cigarette Rock" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points.", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by elevation" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denali National Park and Preserve is a national park and preserve located in Alaska Interior, centered on Denali, the highest mountain in North America. The park and contiguous preserve encompasses more than 6 million acres (24,500 km). The national preserve is 1,334,200 acres (5,430 km). On December 2, 1980, a 2,146,580 acre (8,687 km) Denali Wilderness was established within the park. Denali's landscape is a mix of forest at the lowest elevations, including deciduous taiga. The preserve is also home to tundra at middle elevations, and glaciers, rock, and snow at the highest elevations. The longest glacier is the Kahiltna Glacier. The park received 587,412 recreational visitors in 2016. Wintertime activities includes dog - sledding, cross-country skiing, and snowmachining.", "title": "Denali National Park and Preserve" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samanjac (Serbian Cyrillic: Самањац ) is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Boljevac. Its highest peak has an elevation of 853 meters above sea level.", "title": "Samanjac" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Siguang Ri is a mountain in the Mahalangur Himalayas of Tibet, China. At an elevation of it is the 83rd highest peak on Earth. It is located approximately 6 kilometers NNE of Cho Oyu, the world's 6th highest mountain.", "title": "Siguang Ri" } ]	What is the highest elevation in the country Fualopa is located in?	4.6 metres	[]	Title: Tuvalu Passage: Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (after the Maldives). The highest elevations are typically in narrow storm dunes on the ocean side of the islands which are prone to overtopping in tropical cyclones, as occurred with Cyclone Bebe, which was a very early-season storm that passed through the Tuvaluan atolls in October 1972. Cyclone Bebe submerged Funafuti, eliminating 90% of structures on the island. Sources of drinking water were contaminated as a result of the system's storm surge and the flooding of the sources of fresh water. Title: Fualopa Passage: Fualopa is an islet of Funafuti, Tuvalu. It is part of the Funafuti Conservation Area, established in 1996 with the aim of preserving the natural fauna and flora of the area. Fualopa hosts a breeding colony of black noddy ("Anous minutus" or white-capped noddy). Title: Siguang Ri Passage: Siguang Ri is a mountain in the Mahalangur Himalayas of Tibet, China. At an elevation of it is the 83rd highest peak on Earth. It is located approximately 6 kilometers NNE of Cho Oyu, the world's 6th highest mountain.	[ "Tuvalu", "Fualopa" ]
2hop__386810_57062	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantin Brătescu (March 8, 1892 – April 13, 1971) was a Romanian Major-General during World War II. In 1941, he served first as Chief Propaganda Section General Staff (Romania's Propaganda Minister) and then as a Romanian liaison officer to the German Military Mission, meaning that he served as a German military officer during Operation Barbarossa and the Axis Invasion of the Soviet Union. Starting in 1942 Brătescu was a Romanian General Officer (at the rank of Major-General) and commanded the 1st Cavalry Division throughout the campaign against the Soviets, fighting in such engagements as Operation Barbarossa, Operation Blue, and the Battle of Stalingrad. Following the surrender of Friedrich Paulus' 6th Army at the Battle of Stalingrad, Brătescu became a prisoner of war and was held captive from 1943 to 1948. Finally, in 1948, he was released after five years of imprisonment and subsequently retired from active service. Bratescu ultimately died twenty-three years later, in 1971, at the age of seventy-nine.", "title": "Constantin Brătescu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.", "title": "Halil Kut" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''.", "title": "Five-star rank" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.", "title": "Australian Army during World War II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River.", "title": "Stalingrad Front" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.", "title": "Battle of Königsberg" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.", "title": "Sahara" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.", "title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''", "title": "Red Army" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).", "title": "Battle of Bezzecca" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italo Gariboldi (20 April 1879 – 3 February 1970) was an Italian senior officer in the Royal Army (\"Regio Esercito\") before and during World War II. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by German \"Führer\" Adolf Hitler, for his leadership of Italian forces in the Battle of Stalingrad.", "title": "Italo Gariboldi" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.", "title": "Kargil War" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.", "title": "Free France" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.", "title": "France–United Kingdom relations" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.", "title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stalingrad is a narrative history written by Antony Beevor of the battle fought in and around the city of Stalingrad during World War II, as well as the events leading up to it. It was first published by Viking Press in 1998.", "title": "Stalingrad (book)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 07:20 Moscow time on 19 November, Soviet forces on the northern flank of the Axis forces at Stalingrad began their offensive; forces in the south began on 20 November. Although Romanian units were able to repel the first attacks, by the end of 20 November the Third and Fourth Romanian armies were in headlong retreat, as the Red Army bypassed several German infantry divisions. German mobile reserves were not strong enough to parry the Soviet mechanized spearheads, while the Sixth Army did not react quickly enough nor decisively enough to disengage German armored forces in Stalingrad and reorient them to defeat the impending threat. By late 22 November Soviet forces linked up at the town of Kalach, encircling some 290,000 men east of the Don River. Instead of attempting to break out of the encirclement, German leader Adolf Hitler decided to keep Axis forces in Stalingrad and resupply them by air. In the meantime, Soviet and German commanders began to plan their next movements.", "title": "Operation Uranus" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.", "title": "Kyoto Protocol" } ]	Who led the army that was part of the Stalingrad Front and made it an effective fighting force?	Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky	[ "Mikhail Tukhachevsky" ]	Title: Red Army Passage: In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. '' Title: Stalingrad Front Passage: The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River. Title: Sahara Passage: The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.	[ "Stalingrad Front", "Red Army" ]
2hop__105143_65274	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the end of WWII in 1945, the Allies divided the country into a northern area, protected by the Soviets, and a southern area protected primarily by the United States. In 1948, when the powers failed to agree on the formation of a single government, this partition became the modern states of North and South Korea. The peninsula was divided at the 38th Parallel: the ``Republic of Korea ''was created in the south, with the backing of the US and Western Europe, and the`` Democratic People's Republic of Korea'' in the north, with the backing of the Soviets and the communist People's Republic of China. The new premier of North Korea, Kim il - Sung launched the Korean War in 1950 in an attempt to reunify the country under Communist rule. After immense material and human destruction, the conflict ended with a cease - fire in 1953. The two nations officially remain at war because a peace treaty was never signed. Both states were accepted into the United Nations in 1991.", "title": "History of Korea" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ovelgönne Bread Roll is the remaining part of a bread roll originating from the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe, which was found in 1952 during archaeological excavations in a loam mine in the Buxtehude district Ovelgönne in Lower Saxony, Germany. The piece of bread is the oldest surviving viennoiserie and formed bakery product from Europe. The find, along with a reconstruction, are in the permanent exhibition of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg in Harburg, Hamburg.", "title": "Ovelgönne bread roll" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom has finished last in three contests. Jemini's infamous 2003 ``nul points ''result was the first time that the country had come last in the contest, something that was then repeated in 2008 with Andy Abraham, who received 14 points and in 2010 with Josh Dubovie, who received 10 points. In 2016, the UK failed to reach the top 10 for the seventh consecutive time, with the duo Joe and Jake finishing 24th. In 2017, the UK improved on their result by coming 15th with Lucie Jones, their best result in the contest since Blue in 2011.", "title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Junie 5 is a 1981 solo album recorded by singer/multi-instrumentalist Walter \"Junie\" Morrison. It was the second and last album that he would record for Columbia Records. As with the previous album \"Bread Alone\", all of the instruments used on the album would be played by Morrison himself. The album also features involvement from the Ohio Players.", "title": "Junie 5" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is extensive evidence of breadmaking in Ancient Egypt in the form of artistic depictions, remains of structures and items used in bread making, and remains of the dough and bread itself.", "title": "History of bread" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hwangnam bread (named after its region of origin, Hwangnam-dong), also commonly called Gyeongju bread, is a local specialty of Gyeongju City, South Korea. It is a small pastry with a filling of red bean paste. Gyeongju bread was first baked in 1939 at a bakery in Hwangnam-dong in central Gyeongju.", "title": "Hwangnam-ppang" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dos Divas is a 2013 album by country music artists Pam Tillis and Lorrie Morgan. It features the single \"I Know What You Did Last Night\". The collection features 14 tracks; of these tracks, 6 are duets. The pair have recorded four tracks each as soloists for this collection.", "title": "Dos Divas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A bolillo () or pan francés (meaning \"French bread\") is a type of savory bread traditionally made in Mexico, but also made in Central America. It is a variation of the baguette, but shorter in length and is often baked in a stone oven. Brought to Mexico City in the 1860s by Emperor Maximilian's troupe of cooks, its use quickly spread throughout the country.", "title": "Bolillo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from August 29 until September 3, 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.", "title": "1904 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Moment of Innocence (, \"Nūn o goldūn\") is a 1996 film directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf. It is also known as Nun va Goldoon, Bread and Flower, Bread and Flower Pot, and The Bread and the Vase.", "title": "A Moment of Innocence" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vienna bread is a type of bread that is produced from a process developed in Vienna, Austria, in the 19th century. The Vienna process used high milling of Hungarian grain, and cereal press-yeast for leavening.", "title": "Vienna bread" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "نان افغانی), is the national bread of Afghanistan. The bread is oval or rectangular and baked in a tandoor, a cylindrical oven that is the primary cooking equipment of the sub-continental region. The Afghan version of the tandoor sits above ground and is made of bricks, which are heated to cook the bread. The bread, also known as \"naan\", is shaped and then stuck to the interior wall of the oven to bake. It is really similar to the Naan in KPK, Pakistan. Black cumin or caraway seeds are often sprinkled on the bread, as much for decoration as for taste, and lengthwise lines are scored in the dough to add texture to the bread.", "title": "Afghan bread" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kneippbrød (\"Kneippbread\") is a whole wheat bread named for Sebastian Kneipp, a 19th-century Bavarian priest and hydrotherapist. It is the most popular bread in Norway, Europe's leading bread consumer.", "title": "Kneippbrød" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chicken fried steak (similar to country fried steak) is an American breaded cutlet dish consisting of a piece of beefsteak (tenderized cube steak) coated with seasoned flour and pan-fried. It is sometimes associated with the Southern cuisine of the United States. Despite the name, the dish contains no chicken, but is so - named because the cooking method is similar to that of pan-fried chicken breast cutlets.", "title": "Chicken fried steak" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The bread is generally made with sesame oil, which gives it a distinct aroma, and with a pattern baked into the top made by painting rice paste onto the surface prior to baking. The paste dries and cracks during the baking process. The rice paste crust also gives the bread a distinctive flavour. It has a crusty exterior, but is soft inside. Typically, tiger bread is made as a white bread bloomer loaf or bread roll, but the technique can be applied to any shape of bread.", "title": "Tiger bread" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A stottie cake or stotty (Northumbrian: \"stottie kyek\") is a type of bread that originated in North East England. It is a flat and round loaf, usually about in diameter and deep, with an indent in the middle produced by the baker. Elsewhere in the world, bread considered similar to the stottie is known as 'oven bottom bread', though this term is a relative newcomer, given that, prior to the widespread use of cast iron ovens with shelves, ovens were built of brick and only had the bottom available to bake on. One chief characteristic is the heavy and dough-like texture of the bread. Though leavened, its taste and mouth-feel is heavy and very reminiscent of dough. It is heavy and dense because it was only been allowed to prove once rather than the usual twice. This indicates that its origins lie in the breads used to 'test' ovens, and that it may be related to similar breads baked elsewhere in Europe for the same reason. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that some stotties were made with the offcuts of dough when all of the required loaves had been baked.", "title": "Stottie cake" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Namsan (남산, \"South Mountain\") is a 494-meter peak in the heart of Gyeongju National Park, just south of Gyeongju, South Korea. The mountain is within easy reach from the city and attracts a large number of national tourists. Namsan covers an area of about 8 km (north-south) by 12 km (east-west). Some 180 peaks are counted, of which Geumobong (468 m) and Gouibong (495 m) are the best-known. There are about 40 valleys.", "title": "Namsan (Gyeongju)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Can't Back Down is the seventh studio album released by country music artist Collin Raye. It was also his last album for Epic Records, and the first album of his career not to produce any Top 40 country hits. \"Ain't Nobody Gonna Take That from Me\", the first single, reached #43 on the Hot Country Songs charts. \"What I Need\", the second single, failed to chart.", "title": "Can't Back Down" } ]	When was the last time that the country where Gyeongju bread originates was united?	in 1945	[]	Title: Hwangnam-ppang Passage: Hwangnam bread (named after its region of origin, Hwangnam-dong), also commonly called Gyeongju bread, is a local specialty of Gyeongju City, South Korea. It is a small pastry with a filling of red bean paste. Gyeongju bread was first baked in 1939 at a bakery in Hwangnam-dong in central Gyeongju. Title: Can't Back Down Passage: Can't Back Down is the seventh studio album released by country music artist Collin Raye. It was also his last album for Epic Records, and the first album of his career not to produce any Top 40 country hits. "Ain't Nobody Gonna Take That from Me", the first single, reached #43 on the Hot Country Songs charts. "What I Need", the second single, failed to chart. Title: History of Korea Passage: After the end of WWII in 1945, the Allies divided the country into a northern area, protected by the Soviets, and a southern area protected primarily by the United States. In 1948, when the powers failed to agree on the formation of a single government, this partition became the modern states of North and South Korea. The peninsula was divided at the 38th Parallel: the ``Republic of Korea ''was created in the south, with the backing of the US and Western Europe, and the`` Democratic People's Republic of Korea'' in the north, with the backing of the Soviets and the communist People's Republic of China. The new premier of North Korea, Kim il - Sung launched the Korean War in 1950 in an attempt to reunify the country under Communist rule. After immense material and human destruction, the conflict ended with a cease - fire in 1953. The two nations officially remain at war because a peace treaty was never signed. Both states were accepted into the United Nations in 1991.	[ "History of Korea", "Hwangnam-ppang" ]
2hop__320476_281260	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cops and Robbers is a 1973 crime comedy film directed by Aram Avakian with an original screenplay by Donald E. Westlake which Westlake subsequently expanded into a novel. The film stars Cliff Gorman as Tom and Joseph Bologna as Joe.", "title": "Cops and Robbers (1973 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Changa is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 19' 20N 73° 22' 55E with an altitude of 495 metres (1627 feet).", "title": "Changa, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansehra (Rural) is a Union Council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and to the southeast of the district capital, Mansehra.", "title": "Mansehra (Rural)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Orroral River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Westlake Corner is a census-designated place in Franklin County, Virginia, United States. The population was 976 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Westlake Corner, Virginia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poeppel Corner (known as Poeppel's Corner in Queensland) at latitude 26° S and longitude 138° E is a corner of state boundaries in Australia, where the state of Queensland meets South Australia and the Northern Territory. As with the other three corners it is a destination for four-wheel-drive tourists. Poeppel Corner is about 174 km west of Birdsville, in the middle of the Simpson Desert.", "title": "Poeppel Corner" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Torontál (, , , ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in northern Serbia (eastern Vojvodina, except the small part near Belgrade, which is part of Belgrade Region), western Romania and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Nagybecskerek (Serbian: , , ), the current Zrenjanin.", "title": "Torontál County" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Obljaj () is a village near Bosansko Grahovo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Obljaj is located west of Sarajevo and north of Livno near the border with Croatia. It is in the northwest corner of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is administratively part of Canton 10 of the Federation. It is difficult to reach except by small roads.", "title": "Obljaj" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WYTI is a Full Service formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Rocky Mount, Virginia, serving Rocky Mount and Franklin County, Virginia. WYTI is owned and operated by WYTI, Inc.", "title": "WYTI" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.", "title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gudgenby River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Gudgenby River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.", "title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)" } ]	What is the capital of the county where Westlake Corner is located?	Rocky Mount	[]	Title: Westlake Corner, Virginia Passage: Westlake Corner is a census-designated place in Franklin County, Virginia, United States. The population was 976 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Poeppel Corner Passage: Poeppel Corner (known as Poeppel's Corner in Queensland) at latitude 26° S and longitude 138° E is a corner of state boundaries in Australia, where the state of Queensland meets South Australia and the Northern Territory. As with the other three corners it is a destination for four-wheel-drive tourists. Poeppel Corner is about 174 km west of Birdsville, in the middle of the Simpson Desert. Title: WYTI Passage: WYTI is a Full Service formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Rocky Mount, Virginia, serving Rocky Mount and Franklin County, Virginia. WYTI is owned and operated by WYTI, Inc.	[ "Westlake Corner, Virginia", "WYTI" ]
2hop__419172_3814	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim () in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed \"Yura\", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed \"Shura\".", "title": "Kim Jong-il" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melody of Love () is a 2013 South Korean daily drama television series starring Kim Da-som, Baek Sung-hyun, Hwang Sun-hee, Kim Hyung-jun and Kwak Hee-sung. It aired on KBS1 from November 4, 2013 to June 6, 2014 on Mondays to Fridays at 20:20 for 151 episodes.", "title": "Melody of Love (TV series)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il - sung called for a Korea - wide election on 5 -- 8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15 -- 17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South as a peace overture that Rhee rejected outright. On 21 June, Kim Il - Sung revised his war plan to involve a general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-ju was born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk in Mangyongdae in 1920, 8 years after his elder brother Kim Il-sung. When Kim was 3 years old, his family moved to southern Manchuria.", "title": "Kim Yong-ju" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kim Il-sung Stadium is the name of a large multi-purpose stadium located in Pyongyang, the capital city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "title": "Kim Il-sung Stadium" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-nam was born 10 May 1971 in Pyongyang, North Korea, to Song Hye-rim, one of three women known to have had children with Kim Jong-il. Because Kim Jong-il aimed to keep his affair with Song a secret due to the disapproval of his father Kim Il-sung, he initially kept Jong-nam out of school, instead sending him to live with Song's older sister Song Hye-rang, who tutored him at home. North Korea Leadership Watch says he left North Korea to visit his grandmother in Moscow, Soviet Union, and spent his childhood at international schools in both Russia and Switzerland until returning to his home country in 1988.", "title": "Kim Jong-nam" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Defilada (\"The Parade\") is a Polish 1989 documentary by Andrzej Fidyk. It focused on the cult of personality in North Korea, and was shot in 1988 on the 40th anniversary of the state's founding by Kim Il-sung. Despite its anti-totalitarian message, it has received praise from North Korea itself.", "title": "Defilada" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.", "title": "Hyon Chol-hae" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paek Se-yun, sometimes written Paek Se-yoon, is the president of North Korea's Korea Computer Company. He has served in that capacity since 2000. In the same year, he was awarded the Order of Kim Il-sung. Paek has also been an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1988. He was a delegate to the ninth Supreme People's Assembly, 1990-1998.", "title": "Paek Se-yun" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``As Long as He Needs Me ''is a torch song sung by the character of Nancy in the 1960 musical Oliver! and written by Lionel Bart. Georgia Brown, who was the first actress to play Nancy, introduced the song. It is a love ballad expressing Nancy's love for her criminal boyfriend Bill Sikes despite his mistreatment of her. In the film adaptation of the musical, it was sung by Shani Wallis.", "title": "As Long as He Needs Me" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung. President Rhee's régime excluded communists and leftists from southern politics. Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greenway Avenue Stadium, located in Cumberland, Maryland serves as the primary athletics stadium for Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Greenway Avenue Stadium was constructed in the 1930s by the Public Works Administration as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.", "title": "Greenway Avenue Stadium" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Pyongyang in 1933. He graduated from Mangyongdae Revolutionary School and the \"Soviet Union Naval Academy\". Although the North Korean army mainly depends on ground troops, Admiral Kim who was commander of the Korean People's Navy since 1982 was installed in the highest military position of the head of the Minister of the People's Armed Forces in 1998, filling a vacancy left by Choe Kwang, who died in February 1997, something that indicated that he was fully trusted by Kim Jong-il. Kim Il-chol participated as a senior delegate in the inter-Korean Defense Minister’s meeting held for the first time since the division of the Korean peninsula in September 2000.", "title": "Kim Il-chol" } ]	When did the torch arrive in the city with Kim Il-sung Stadium?	April 28	[]	Title: Kim Il-sung Stadium Passage: Kim Il-sung Stadium is the name of a large multi-purpose stadium located in Pyongyang, the capital city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.	[ "Kim Il-sung Stadium", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" ]
3hop1__29217_761000_68918	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the largest number of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, who were found to be mostly Christians and members of traditional religions, with a small proportion of Muslims.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas) is one of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea and, together with Saint John, Water Island and Saint Croix, a former Danish colony, form a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Located on the island is the territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634 about 48.5% of the US Virgin Islands total. The district has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km).", "title": "Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Altona is a settlement on the island of Saint Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands. It is located on the south coast, to the west of the capital, Charlotte Amalie and the settlement of Frenchtown.", "title": "Altona, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio - economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave - holding ``yeoman ''farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129 - mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a`` farmer's railroad'', from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston - Salem).", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Canonically erected on November 12, 1971, by Pope Paul VI, the diocese took its territories from the neighboring Diocese of Raleigh. The Charlotte See is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Charlotte, North Carolina. Peter Joseph Jugis is the current bishop. The diocese is also home to two of the three basilicas in North Carolina, the Basilica of St. Lawrence and the Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians.", "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte High School is a public high school located in Charlotte, Texas (USA) and classified as a 2A school by the UIL. It is part of the Charlotte Independent School District located in central Atascosa County. In 2015, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency.", "title": "Charlotte High School (Texas)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte is an unincorporated community in Independence County, Arkansas, United States. Charlotte is located on Highway 25S, east-northeast of Batesville. Charlotte has a post office with ZIP code 72522.", "title": "Charlotte, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey forms part of Province II of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. It is made up of the southern and central New Jersey counties of Union, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon, Mercer, Monmouth, Ocean, Burlington, Camden, Atlantic, Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland, and Cape May. It is the second oldest diocese nine original Dioceses of the Episcopal Church. Services began in 1685 at St. Peter's, Perth Amboy, the oldest parish in the diocese. The diocese itself was founded in 1785.", "title": "Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. The geographic boundaries of the diocese are the same as those of Worcester County, Massachusetts, the geographically largest county of the state of Massachusetts. It is headed by a bishop who has his see at the Cathedral of Saint Paul in the city of Worcester.", "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low. A majority of Parisians are still nominally Roman Catholic. According to 2011 statistics, there are 106 parishes and curates in the city, plus separate parishes for Spanish, Polish and Portuguese Catholics. There are an additional 10 Eastern Orthodox parishes, and bishops for the Armenian and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches. In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana.", "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mecklenburg County is a county located on the border in the southwestern part of the state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 919,628. It increased to 1,034,070 as of the 2015 estimate, making it the most populous county in North Carolina and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass 1 million in population. Its county seat and largest city is Charlotte.", "title": "Mecklenburg County, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bancroft was a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 68 at the 2010 census. As of 2013, the population of the town was 60. On July 1, 2015 the town voted to deorganize and become part of the unorganized territory of South Aroostook.", "title": "Bancroft, Maine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Virgin Islands (USVI; also called the American Virgin Islands), officially the Virgin Islands of the United States, is a group of islands in the Caribbean and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.", "title": "United States Virgin Islands" } ]	When did the state where hosts diocese of Charlotte of the most predominant religion in France become a part of the United States?	November 21, 1789	[]	Title: Paris Passage: Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low. A majority of Parisians are still nominally Roman Catholic. According to 2011 statistics, there are 106 parishes and curates in the city, plus separate parishes for Spanish, Polish and Portuguese Catholics. There are an additional 10 Eastern Orthodox parishes, and bishops for the Armenian and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches. In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students. Title: North Carolina Passage: On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio - economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave - holding ``yeoman ''farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129 - mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a`` farmer's railroad'', from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston - Salem). Title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte Passage: Canonically erected on November 12, 1971, by Pope Paul VI, the diocese took its territories from the neighboring Diocese of Raleigh. The Charlotte See is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Charlotte, North Carolina. Peter Joseph Jugis is the current bishop. The diocese is also home to two of the three basilicas in North Carolina, the Basilica of St. Lawrence and the Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians.	[ "North Carolina", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte", "Paris" ]
2hop__333835_88123	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Granby is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the town of Granby. The population was 1,944 at the 2010 census.", "title": "North Granby, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montgomery is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 1,201, up from 992 in 2000. In 1963, part of Avery's Gore in Franklin County became part of Montgomery, with the other section becoming part of Belvidere in Lamoille County.", "title": "Montgomery, Vermont" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Wish is a 1974 American vigilante action film, loosely based on the 1972 novel of the same title by Brian Garfield. The film was directed by Michael Winner and stars Charles Bronson as Paul Kersey, an architect who becomes a vigilante after his wife is murdered and his daughter sexually assaulted during a home invasion. It was the first of the Death Wish film franchise.", "title": "Death Wish (1974 film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mainville is a census-designated place in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 132 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Mainville, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Murder in Mississippi is a 1990 television film which dramatized the last weeks of civil rights activists Michael \"Mickey\" Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney, and the events leading up to their disappearance and subsequent murder during Freedom Summer in 1964. It starred Tom Hulce as Schwerner, Jennifer Grey as his wife Rita, Blair Underwood as Chaney, and Josh Charles as Goodman. Hulce received a nomination for Best Actor in a TV Miniseries at the 1990 Golden Globes.", "title": "Murder in Mississippi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become treaties under international law.", "title": "Treaty Clause" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law.", "title": "Treaty Clause" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Michael Boorda (November 26, 1939 – May 16, 1996) was a United States Navy admiral who served as the 25th Chief of Naval Operations. Boorda is notable for being the first American sailor to have risen through the enlisted ranks to become the Chief of Naval Operations, the highest-ranking billet in the United States Navy.", "title": "Jeremy Michael Boorda" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Natalbany is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,739 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Hammond Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Natalbany, Louisiana" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Dead Celebrities\" is the eighth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 189th overall episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 7, 2009. In the episode, Ike is haunted by the ghosts of dead celebrities until Michael Jackson, who refuses to accept death, possesses him.", "title": "Dead Celebrities" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tactical Force is 2011 Canadian action film written and directed by Adamo Paolo Cultraro, and starring Steve Austin, Michael Jai White, Candace Elaine, Keith Jardine, Michael Shanks, Michael Eklund, Darren Shahlavi, and Lexa Doig. It was released on August 9, 2011 in North America by Vivendi Entertainment, and went on to become #10 in the top ten best selling DVDs in the United States for the month of August 2011. It was released by Entertainment One in the United Kingdom and other foreign territories beginning October 31, 2011.", "title": "Tactical Force" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ``Oath of Allegiance, ''8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens.", "title": "Oath of Allegiance (United States)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The St. Michael volcanic field is a volcanic field located on St. Michael and Stuart Islands in western Alaska, United States. It contains 55 cones and craters, including low broad shield volcanoes and maars. It is considered part of the Bering Sea Volcanic Province.", "title": "St. Michael volcanic field" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lemoore Station is a census-designated place (CDP) in Naval Air Station Lemoore, Kings County, California, United States. It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,438 as of the 2010 United States Census.", "title": "Lemoore Station, California" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whaleyville is a census-designated place in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 124 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Whaleyville, Maryland" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Berea is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Box Butte County, in the northwestern part of the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. It had a population of 41 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Berea, Nebraska" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Scott Speicher (12 July 1957 – January 17, 1991) was a United States Navy pilot who was shot down over Iraq during the Persian Gulf War becoming the first American combat casualty of the war. His fate was not known until 2 August 2009 when the Navy reported that Speicher's remains were found in Iraq by United States Marines.", "title": "Scott Speicher" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1979, Michael Corleone, approaching 60, is racked with guilt over his ruthless rise to power; especially for having ordered Fredo's assassination. He donates part of his tremendous wealth in charitable acts. Michael and Kay are divorced; their children, Anthony and Mary, live with Kay. At the reception following a papal order ceremony in St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in Michael's honor, Anthony tells his father that he is leaving law school to become an opera singer. Kay supports his decision, but Michael wants Anthony to either complete his law degree or join the ``family business ''. Michael and Kay have an uneasy reunion when Kay reveals that she and Anthony know the truth about Fredo's death. Vincent arrives at the reception. He is embroiled in a feud with Joey Zasa. When Connie arranges for Vincent to meet Zasa, who calls Vincent a bastard, Vincent bites Zasa's ear. Although Michael is troubled by Vincent's fiery temper, he is impressed by his loyalty, so agrees to include him in the business.", "title": "The Godfather Part III" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sidman is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its ZIP code is 15955. It was part of the St. Michael-Sidman census-designated place, before it was split into two separate CDPs during the 2010 census. The population of Sidman as of the 2010 census was 431.", "title": "Sidman, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson.", "title": "History of Mississippi" } ]	When did the state where Michael Schwerner died join the U.S.?	Dec. 10, 1817	[]	Title: Mainville, Pennsylvania Passage: Mainville is a census-designated place in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 132 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick Micropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Murder in Mississippi Passage: Murder in Mississippi is a 1990 television film which dramatized the last weeks of civil rights activists Michael "Mickey" Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney, and the events leading up to their disappearance and subsequent murder during Freedom Summer in 1964. It starred Tom Hulce as Schwerner, Jennifer Grey as his wife Rita, Blair Underwood as Chaney, and Josh Charles as Goodman. Hulce received a nomination for Best Actor in a TV Miniseries at the 1990 Golden Globes. Title: History of Mississippi Passage: In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson.	[ "Murder in Mississippi", "History of Mississippi" ]
2hop__151267_15822	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the 1980s media relied primarily upon print and analog broadcast models, such as those of television and radio. The last twenty - five years have seen the rapid transformation into media which are predicated upon the use of digital technologies, such as the Internet and video games. However, these examples are only a small representation of new media. The use of digital computers has transformed the remaining 'old' media, as suggested by the advent of digital television and online publications. Even traditional media forms such as the printing press have been transformed through the application of technologies such as image manipulation software like Adobe Photoshop and desktop publishing tools.", "title": "New media" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "3D Tetris is a puzzle video game developed by Technology and Entertainment Software and published by Nintendo. It was initially released for the Virtual Boy on March 22, 1996, in North America only. The game allows players to control multiple falling blocks, rotating and positioning them to clear layers in a \"Well\". The game is similar to other Tetris games, but uses a three-dimensional playing field as opposed to the traditional two-dimensional view. The game contains multiple modes and gametypes, as well as different difficulty settings and levels, which change different aspects of the gameplay.", "title": "3D Tetris" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism, founded in 1991, is the only Humanistic Jewish congregation in Manhattan, and the first Humanistic congregation in New York City to be led by a Humanistic rabbi. The aim of The City Congregation is to provide a welcoming, diverse community for cultural and secular Jews where they can celebrate and preserve their Jewish identity. As adherents of Humanistic Judaism, founded in 1963 by Rabbi Sherwin Wine, TCC members rely on reason, inner strength, and the support of community to face life’s challenges and collectively improve the world.", "title": "City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery of services by ISPs. It does not provide any encryption or confidentiality by itself. Rather, it relies on an encryption protocol that it passes within the tunnel to provide privacy.", "title": "Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.", "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs - Sulzberger family through a dual - class share structure. It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "title": "The New York Times" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alec Forbes of Howglen is a novel by George MacDonald, first published in 1865 and is primarily concerned with Scottish country life.", "title": "Alec Forbes of Howglen" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri Richard Bessière (1923 – 22 December 2011) was a French author of science fiction and espionage novels. His œuvre, particularly abundant, was published primarily by publisher Fleuve Noir. Bessière was one of the leading authors of publisher Fleuve Noir's popular imprints \"Anticipation\" and \"Espionnage\".", "title": "Richard Bessière" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller than they actually proved to be. George Soros commented that \"The super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks and started relying on the risk management methods of the banks themselves. Similarly, the rating agencies relied on the information provided by the originators of synthetic products. It was a shocking abdication of responsibility.\"", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Zoo () is a zoo in Malaysia located on of land in Ulu Klang, Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia. It was officially opened on 14 November 1963 by the country's first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman. The park is managed by a non-governmental organisation known as the Malaysian Zoological Society. For funding, Zoo Negara relies on gate collections and on support from donors and sponsors.", "title": "National Zoo of Malaysia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lethe Press is an American book publishing company based in Maple Shade, New Jersey. Launched in 2001 by Steve Berman, a writer and a former employee of Giovanni's Room Bookstore in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the company was originally launched to publish speculative fiction, primarily LGBT-themed, as well as rereleasing out of print titles from other LGBT publishers. In recent years, with numerous LGBT-oriented publishing companies folding, the company has also expanded its line to include new LGBT-themed non-fiction, poetry and anthology titles.", "title": "Lethe Press" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The agreement was signed by Buganda's Katikiro Sir Apolo Kagwa, on the behalf of the Kabaka (Daudi Chwa) who was at that time an infant, and Sir Harry Johnston on the behalf of the British colonial government. The agreement solidified the power of the largely Protestant 'Bakungu' client - chiefs, led by Kagwa. London sent only a few officials to administer the country, relying primarily on the Bakungu chiefs. For decades they were preferred because of their political skills, their Christianity, their friendly relations with the British, There are their ability to collect taxes, and the proximity of Entebbe (the Uganda capital) was close to the Buganda capital. By the 1920s the British administrators were more confident, and have less need for military or administrative support.", "title": "Buganda Agreement (1900)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rob Allan (born 1945) is a New Zealand poet. He won the PEN (NZSA) Best First Book of Poetry award in 1992 for his book \"Karitane Postcards\", and has received multiple grants from Creative New Zealand to support his writing. He has been published in several anthologies including \"An Anthology of New Zealand Poetry in English\" (Oxford University Press, 1997), and has published widely in literary magazines.", "title": "Rob Allan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The New Tetris is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64. The game was developed by H2O Entertainment and published by Nintendo, based on the latter's popular \"Tetris\" series. The game was originally released on July 31, 1999, in North America.", "title": "The New Tetris" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brandy Hill is a suburb of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It was originally farmland but was subdivided in the 1980s and now supports a population of almost 700 people living on large, primarily residential, blocks. It overlooks working farmland and offers superb views of the greater Morpeth area, with visibility extending to Maitland.", "title": "Brandy Hill, New South Wales" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glimmer Train is an American short story literary journal. It is published quarterly, accepting works primarily from emerging writers. Stories published in \"Glimmer Train\" have been listed in \"The Best American Short Stories\", as well as appearing in recent editions of the \"Pushcart Prize\", \"The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories\", and anthologies for \"New Stories from the Midwest\", \"New Stories from the South\", and \"Best American Short Stories\". The journal holds 12 short story fiction contests a year, paying out over $50,000 on an annual basis.", "title": "Glimmer Train" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche. It primarily publishes reissues, books no longer published by their original publishers. These are often, but not always, books in the public domain. The original published editions may be scarce or historically significant. Dover republishes these books, making them available at a significantly reduced cost.", "title": "Dover Publications" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Space technology is technology developed by space science or the aerospace industry for use in spaceflight, satellites, or space exploration. Space technology includes spacecraft, satellites, space stations, and support infrastructure, equipment, and procedures. Space is such a novel environment that attempting to work in it requires new tools and techniques. Many common everyday services such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, GPS systems, satellite television, and some long-distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure. Of the sciences, astronomy and Earth science (via remote sensing) benefit from space technology. New technologies originating with or accelerated by space-related endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities.", "title": "Outline of space technology" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James ``Jimmy ''Chance is a 23 - year old, living in the surreal fictional town of Natesville, who impregnates a serial killer during a one - night stand. Earning custody of his daughter, Hope, after the mother is sentenced to death, Jimmy relies on his oddball but well - intentioned family for support in raising the child.", "title": "Raising Hope" } ]	What did the publisher of The New Tetris rely primarily on for its support?	first-party games	[]	Title: Rob Allan Passage: Rob Allan (born 1945) is a New Zealand poet. He won the PEN (NZSA) Best First Book of Poetry award in 1992 for his book "Karitane Postcards", and has received multiple grants from Creative New Zealand to support his writing. He has been published in several anthologies including "An Anthology of New Zealand Poetry in English" (Oxford University Press, 1997), and has published widely in literary magazines. Title: The New Tetris Passage: The New Tetris is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64. The game was developed by H2O Entertainment and published by Nintendo, based on the latter's popular "Tetris" series. The game was originally released on July 31, 1999, in North America. Title: Nintendo Entertainment System Passage: In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.	[ "Nintendo Entertainment System", "The New Tetris" ]
2hop__157254_439812	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mokihinui River's headwaters are located in the Glasgow Range and its mouth is on the Tasman Sea. There is little human habitation near the river: the localities of Mokihinui and Summerlea are near the river's mouth, Seddonville is a few kilometres up the river, and just prior to its terminus, State Highway 67 crosses the river outside Mokihinui. In the rugged back country behind Seddonville at the Mokihinui Forks, the river splits into two branches, north and south. The catchment of these two branches is a large inland basin of almost wholly unmodified forest.", "title": "Mokihinui River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ko Lamphu (เกาะลำพู) is a small island in the Tapi River, Thailand, about from the river's mouth, near the town center of Surat Thani. It is connected by bridge to the city at the pillar shrine.", "title": "Ko Lamphu" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nepean River (Darug: Yandhai), is a major perennial river, located in the south-west and west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The Nepean River and its associated mouth, the Hawkesbury River, virtually encircle the metropolitan region of Sydney.", "title": "Nepean River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcoongere River, a watercourse of the Wooli Wooli River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Barcoongere River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kuybyshev Reservoir or Kuybyshevskoye Reservoir (, \"Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche\", ), sometimes called Samara Reservoir and informally called Kuybyshev Sea, is a reservoir of the middle Volga and lower Kama in the Chuvash Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Oblast and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. The Kuybyshev Reservoir has a surface area of 6,450 km² and a volume of 58 billion cubic meters. It is the largest reservoir in Europe and third in the world by surface area. The major cities of Kazan, Ulyanovsk, and Tolyatti are adjacent to the reservoir.", "title": "Kuybyshev Reservoir" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Maria River (Australia)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paddys River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Paddys River (South West Slopes, New South Wales)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Newark and New York Railroad was a passenger rail line that ran between Downtown Newark and the Communipaw Terminal at the mouth of the North River (Hudson River) in Jersey City, bridging the Hackensack River and Passaic River just north of their mouths at the Newark Bay in northeastern New Jersey. The Central Railroad of New Jersey operated it from its opening in 1869. Through operation ended in 1946; portions remained in use until 1967.", "title": "Newark and New York Railroad" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Vyatka River (; ; ; , \"Viče\", , \"Vatka\") is a river in Kirov Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia, a right tributary of the Kama River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers .", "title": "Vyatka River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Letka River () is a river in the Komi Republic and Kirov Oblast in Russia, an arm of the Vyatka River. The river is long, and its drainage basin covers . The Letka is navigable along its lower reaches.", "title": "Letka River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wallingat River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Libby River is a river in the town of Scarborough, Maine, in the United States. It is tidal in its lower reaches, and it is a tributary of the Scarborough River, joining it just above that river's mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Libby River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hjartdøla is a river in Hjartdal municipality in Telemark, Norway. The river is formed at the convergence of Skjesvatnet, Breidvatnet and Bjordøla. From here, it runs through Hjartsjå and Hjartdal, before in Heddal it changes its name to the Heddøla, which runs into Heddalsvatnet. The whole watercourse is known as Skiensvassdraget.", "title": "Hjartdøla" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bloukrans River is a short river located in the Tsitsikamma region of the Garden Route, South Africa. It is located on the border between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. The river mouth is located east of Nature's Valley, the Bloukrans Bridge spans the river near the mouth and the Bloukrans Pass is close by. The river originates near Peak Formosa in the Plettenberg Bay region.", "title": "Bloukrans River (Garden Route)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Basílica de Vega del Mar is a church in Marbella, southern Spain. This is one of the few examples of North African Visigothic churches built in Andalusia during sixth century. It is located near the mouth of the Guadalmina River along an old Roman road which connected Cadiz with Cartagena.", "title": "Basílica de Vega del Mar" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Keating Channel is a long waterway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It connects the Don River to inner Toronto Harbour (Toronto Bay) on Lake Ontario. The channel is named after Edward Henry Keating (1844-1912), a city engineer (1892-1898) who proposed the creation of the channel in 1893. The channel was built to connect Ashbridge's Bay to the harbour; later, the Don was diverted into the channel, and its river mouth filled in.", "title": "Keating Channel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mehi River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mummel River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ohlanga River is a river in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which empties into the Indian Ocean just north of Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal, north of Durban. The river has extensive reed beds in the estuary at its mouth, which is only 7 km further southwest from the mouth of the Mdloti River. Presently this river is part of the Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area.", "title": "Ohlanga River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kalajokilaakso stands for the \"basin of Kalajoki river\", located in Ostrobothnia, Finland. At the mouth of the river, lies the town of Kalajoki. The Kalajoki river runs to the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea.", "title": "Kalajokilaakso" } ]	What is the name of the reservoir fed by the river that the Vyatka connects to?	Kuybyshev Reservoir	[]	Title: Kuybyshev Reservoir Passage: Kuybyshev Reservoir or Kuybyshevskoye Reservoir (, "Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche", ), sometimes called Samara Reservoir and informally called Kuybyshev Sea, is a reservoir of the middle Volga and lower Kama in the Chuvash Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Oblast and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. The Kuybyshev Reservoir has a surface area of 6,450 km² and a volume of 58 billion cubic meters. It is the largest reservoir in Europe and third in the world by surface area. The major cities of Kazan, Ulyanovsk, and Tolyatti are adjacent to the reservoir. Title: Libby River Passage: The Libby River is a river in the town of Scarborough, Maine, in the United States. It is tidal in its lower reaches, and it is a tributary of the Scarborough River, joining it just above that river's mouth at the Atlantic Ocean. Title: Vyatka River Passage: The Vyatka River (; ; ; , "Viče", , "Vatka") is a river in Kirov Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia, a right tributary of the Kama River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers .	[ "Kuybyshev Reservoir", "Vyatka River" ]
4hop3__566317_578030_464129_41384	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hernando County Courthouse, built in 1913, is an historic courthouse building located in Brooksville, Florida, It was designed by Atlanta-based architect William Augustus Edwards who designed one other courthouse in Florida, two in Georgia and nine in South Carolina as well as academic buildings at 12 institutions in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. He designed most of the original buildings on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville.", "title": "Hernando County Courthouse" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monona County Courthouse, located in Onawa, Iowa, United States, was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.", "title": "Monona County Courthouse" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every Man Dies Alone or Alone in Berlin () is a 1947 novel by German author Hans Fallada. It is based on the true story of a working class husband and wife who, acting alone, became part of the German Resistance. Fallada's book was one of the first anti-Nazi novels to be published by a German after World War II.", "title": "Every Man Dies Alone" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.", "title": "Political corruption" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Aaron Rawlins (February 13, 1831 September 6, 1869) was a general officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a cabinet officer in the Grant administration. A longtime confidant of Ulysses S. Grant, Rawlins served on Grant's staff throughout the war, rising to the rank of brevet major general, and was Grant's chief defender against allegations of insobriety. He was appointed Secretary of War when Grant was elected President of the United States.", "title": "John Aaron Rawlins" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In addition, it stipulated that each of the nine circuit courts of the United States would have a circuit judge appointed who would reside in that locale and have the same power and jurisdiction as the Supreme Court justice assigned to the circuit. It was stipulated that the chief justice and each of the associate justices had the duty to sit at least one term in the circuit every two years. The circuit court could be held by the circuit judge, the Supreme Court justice, or the two could hold the court together, in which case the Supreme Court justice would preside. Up until this time, circuit courts were normally only staffed by district judges and Supreme Court justices \"riding circuit.\"", "title": "Judiciary Act of 1869" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The District of Ohio was a federal judicial district of the United States created by the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 which consisted of the Northwest and Indiana territories. It marks an early use of the term \"Ohio\" for an area of land as opposed to the long-named Ohio River before the establishment of a state of that name, but otherwise was of little long-term consequence, as the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed the next year.", "title": "District of Ohio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Jackson County Courthouse is a former county courthouse in Jacksonville, Oregon, United States, built in 1883. The courthouse is a contributing property of the Jacksonville Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It was formerly the Jacksonville Museum owned by Jackson County and operated by the Southern Oregon Historical Society (SOHS), which also managed several other historic properties in Jacksonville. The museum in the courthouse closed in 2006 because of lack of funding. Ownership of the historic courthouse was transferred to the City of Jacksonville in 2012. The SOHS still operates Hanley Farm in Central Point and a research library in Medford.", "title": "Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The courthouse was used as the primary seat of government for Hudson County from its opening on September 20, 1910 until the construction of the Hudson County Administration Building in 1966. The courthouse was vacant for many years and was scheduled for demolition. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970. Restoration began in the mid-1970s, and the building was reopened in 1985. In 1984, the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders renamed the building in honor of Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan Jr. The restoration of the courthouse was acknowledged by a Victorian Society in America Preservation Award in 1988.", "title": "Hudson County Courthouse" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Garrett County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Oakland, Garrett County, Maryland, United States. It is a three-story, 1907-1908 neo-classical Renaissance Revival masonry structure in the form of a Latin Cross with a central rotunda and dome. The Courthouse was designed by James Riely Gordon (1863–1937), a New York architect who specialized in designing government buildings.", "title": "Garrett County Courthouse" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement. Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter. Various lower courts exist, though village chiefs and elders resolve most local disputes in rural areas.", "title": "Mali" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Potter County Courthouse is the primary government building of Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Coudersport Historic District in the Potter county seat of Coudersport, it was added the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1975. The courthouse is a Greek Revival structure with some Victorian elements blended into it.", "title": "Potter County Courthouse (Pennsylvania)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Glisson was born in Jackson County, Florida. He attended Palmer College and earned a degree in chiropractic studies He served in the Florida House of Representatives for the 33rd district from 1968 to 1972, as a Republican. He was elected to the State Senate in 1973 and served the 11th district until 1978. In 1976, he changed his party affiliation from Republican to Democratic.", "title": "James Glisson" } ]	What is the population ranking of the city that has a courthouse in James Glisson's birthplace in the country that passed the Judiciary Act of 1869?	12th	[]	Title: James Glisson Passage: Glisson was born in Jackson County, Florida. He attended Palmer College and earned a degree in chiropractic studies He served in the Florida House of Representatives for the 33rd district from 1968 to 1972, as a Republican. He was elected to the State Senate in 1973 and served the 11th district until 1978. In 1976, he changed his party affiliation from Republican to Democratic. Title: Jacksonville, Florida Passage: Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010. Title: Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon) Passage: The Jackson County Courthouse is a former county courthouse in Jacksonville, Oregon, United States, built in 1883. The courthouse is a contributing property of the Jacksonville Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It was formerly the Jacksonville Museum owned by Jackson County and operated by the Southern Oregon Historical Society (SOHS), which also managed several other historic properties in Jacksonville. The museum in the courthouse closed in 2006 because of lack of funding. Ownership of the historic courthouse was transferred to the City of Jacksonville in 2012. The SOHS still operates Hanley Farm in Central Point and a research library in Medford. Title: Judiciary Act of 1869 Passage: In addition, it stipulated that each of the nine circuit courts of the United States would have a circuit judge appointed who would reside in that locale and have the same power and jurisdiction as the Supreme Court justice assigned to the circuit. It was stipulated that the chief justice and each of the associate justices had the duty to sit at least one term in the circuit every two years. The circuit court could be held by the circuit judge, the Supreme Court justice, or the two could hold the court together, in which case the Supreme Court justice would preside. Up until this time, circuit courts were normally only staffed by district judges and Supreme Court justices "riding circuit."	[ "Judiciary Act of 1869", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Jackson County Courthouse (Jacksonville, Oregon)", "James Glisson" ]
2hop__573682_63489	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rank Artist Total streams (billions) Country 1. Francesca Michielin 17.1 ITA 2. Justin Bieber 11 CAN As of July 27, 2018", "title": "List of most-streamed artists on Spotify" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Bad John is a 1990 film directed by Burt Kennedy. It stars Ned Beatty and Jimmy Dean, the latter of whom wrote and performed the song the film is based upon.", "title": "Big Bad John (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song won Song of the Year and was nominated for Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maejor received his first gold plaque for his production on Bun B's 2005 album \"Trill\", while still attending the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In 2010, Maejor was nominated for a Grammy Award, for his work on Trey Songz's album \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\", and again in 2011, for Monica's album, \"Still Standing\". In 2012, Maejor produced two songs on Justin Bieber's album, \"Believe\", as well as the single \"Say Somethin\" by Austin Mahone. Maejor's single \"Lights Down Low\" was used as the official soundtrack in the NBA Playoffs for the Boston Celtics. He also produced the national campaign commercial for Pepsi in 2010 and 2013. He teamed with Justin Bieber again in 2013, co-producing his single \"Heartbreaker\". In 2013, Maejor also released a single titled \"Lolly\", featuring Juicy J. \"Lolly\" which peaked at number 19 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. He continues to produce and write for the top artists in the industry including 3 songs and Grammy nominations on Justin Bieber's worldwide #1 album \"Purpose\".", "title": "Maejor" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The music was written by George Gershwin, the lyrics by Ira Gershwin. It was one of nine songs George Gershwin wrote for the movie A Damsel in Distress, in which it was performed by Fred Astaire with backing vocals provided by The Stafford Sisters. The song was published in 1937.", "title": "Nice Work If You Can Get It (song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As part of promotion for ``As Long As You Love Me '', a music video, which was filmed in early July 2012, was released. Prior to the release of the video, Bieber revealed that a minute - long clip of the video was due to be broadcast following an episode of The Voice; however, much to the displeasure of Bieber and his fans, the clip was n't shown. NBC later revealed that technical difficulties prevented the clip from being aired. The full video was later premiered on Bieber's official YouTube page on July 12, 2012. Bieber very rarely referred to the video as a`` music video'', but rather as a ``short film ''. Directed by Anthony Mandler, cinematography by David Devlin, and edited by Jacquelyn London the video was Bieber's longest music video at five minutes and fifty - two seconds, before being surpassed by`` Confident'' at six minutes and six seconds. It featured guest appearances by Michael Madsen and Big Sean, the latter of which performs the rapping on the track. The video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. The actress in the music video is Chanel Celaya.", "title": "As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Troelsen (born 6 October 1981) is a Danish singer, songwriter, and producer from Skive. Troelsen has written and produced songs for Pitbull, Flo Rida, Justin Bieber, David Guetta, Lil Wayne, Nile Rodgers, Jason Derulo, Charlie Puth, Chris Brown, Afrojack, Akon, Meghan Trainor, SHINee, NCT Dream and Junior Senior.", "title": "Thomas Troelsen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Blijf zoals je bent\" (\"Stay the way you are\") was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1989, performed in Dutch by Justine.", "title": "Blijf zoals je bent" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"The Man\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It features production from frequent collaborator Jake Gosling. The song was released as an \"instant grat\" digital download to the iTunes Store on 19 June 2014, serving as the sixth of seven promotional singles from his second studio album, \"x\" (2014). It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 87.", "title": "The Man (Ed Sheeran song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``What Do You Mean? ''is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason`` Poo Bear'' Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. ``What Do You Mean? ''is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and`` slick beat'' elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while Bieber uses a smooth, soulful vocal. Lyrically, ``What Do You Mean? ''describes not being able to figure out the opposite sex with Bieber asking a girl why her body language is conflicting with her words.", "title": "What Do You Mean?" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``A Man Without Love ''was the British entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, performed in English by Kenneth McKellar.", "title": "A Man Without Love" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ed Sheeran had the best - selling and streamed single of the year with ``Shape of You ''. The song spent twenty - two weeks in the top 10 (including fourteen weeks at number one), sold over 787,000 copies as well as scoring 248 million streams (3.2 million combined sales) and was certified 5x platinum by the BPI.`` Despacito'' by Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee & Justin Bieber came in second place with more than 2.3 million combined sales. Ed Sheeran's ``Castle on the Hill '',`` Unforgettable'' from French Montana featuring Swae Lee and ``Galway Girl ''by Ed Sheeran made up the top five. Songs by Ed Sheeran (`` Perfect''), Clean Bandit featuring Zara Larsson, Rag'n'Bone Man, The Chainsmokers & Coldplay and Jax Jones featuring RAYE were also in the top ten best - selling singles of the year.", "title": "List of UK top-ten singles in 2017" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justin Drew Bieber (/ ˈbiːbər /; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, actor and songwriter. After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and he signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, My World, in late 2009. It was certified platinum in the U.S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full - length studio album, My World 2.0, in 2010. It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single ``Baby ''.", "title": "Justin Bieber" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 9, 2013, Bieber announced that the ten Music Monday releases would be packaged with an additional five new songs in a compilation entitled Complete My Journals. Although the album was initially set for release on December 16, 2013, the date was pushed back one week to December 23, as Bieber intended to include one more song on the compilation. Though it does not appear on the album itself, the bonus track, ``Flatline '', was available for a free download on the iTunes Store for a limited time. Journals was available on iTunes from January 2, 2014, and all sixteen songs are available for purchase individually. According to one of its producers and Bieber's personal friend, Jason`` Poo Bear'' Boyd, the album was supposed to receive a full release, as well as its singles to be promoted on radio, however the label did n't support it because it was n't the direction they wanted Justin to go. It was, however, eventually released on LP in 2016.", "title": "Journals (album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Love Yourself ''is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song,`` Love Yourself'' features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is a kiss - off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did the protagonist wrong.", "title": "Love Yourself" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Never Say Never ''is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. The song is used as the theme song for The Karate Kid, and features rap interludes from the film's star, Jaden Smith. Originally a risque demo with sexual lyrics performed by American singer Travis Garland, it was written and produced by The Messengers, and Omarr Rambert. However, for unknown reasons, Bieber was tapped to record the song for the film. He re-wrote the song with The Messengers, Rambert, Smith, and his vocal producer Kuk Harrell, to feature inspirational lyrics to foil the film's theme. The song contains R&B and pop elements while merging hip - hop.", "title": "Never Say Never (Justin Bieber song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 17, 2017, Bieber released the single ``Friends ''with American record producer and songwriter BloodPop. Songwriters Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter reunited with Bieber to construct the song, just as they helped create his single`` Sorry'' in 2015 on his studio album Purpose. Bieber did not attend the 2018 Grammy Awards Show to perform the nominated song ``Despacito '', claiming that he would not make any award show appearances until his next album was finished.", "title": "Justin Bieber" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Purpose World Tour is the third worldwide tour by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was in support of his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The tour started on March 9, 2016 in Seattle and ended on July 2, 2017 in London, England.", "title": "Purpose World Tour" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Beibs in the Trap ''(stylized as`` beibs in the trap'') is a song recorded by American rapper Travis Scott featuring Canadian rapper Nav. The track appeared on Scott's second studio album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight, which was released on September 2, 2016. ``Beibs in the Trap ''is a reference to cocaine, comparing the pure white substance to the Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "title": "Beibs in the Trap" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song is nominated for Song of the Year, Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)" } ]	What song did the performer of The Man write for Justin Bieber?	``Love Yourself ''	[ "Love Yourself" ]	Title: Love Yourself Passage: ``Love Yourself ''is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song,`` Love Yourself'' features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is a kiss - off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did the protagonist wrong. Title: The Man (Ed Sheeran song) Passage: "The Man" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It features production from frequent collaborator Jake Gosling. The song was released as an "instant grat" digital download to the iTunes Store on 19 June 2014, serving as the sixth of seven promotional singles from his second studio album, "x" (2014). It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 87. Title: Beibs in the Trap Passage: ``Beibs in the Trap ''(stylized as`` beibs in the trap'') is a song recorded by American rapper Travis Scott featuring Canadian rapper Nav. The track appeared on Scott's second studio album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight, which was released on September 2, 2016. ``Beibs in the Trap ''is a reference to cocaine, comparing the pure white substance to the Canadian singer Justin Bieber.	[ "The Man (Ed Sheeran song)", "Love Yourself" ]

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