Split (1)

train · 19.9k rows

id stringlengths 13 34	paragraphs listlengths 16 20	question stringlengths 29 283	answer stringlengths 1 100	answer_aliases listlengths 0 10	context stringlengths 466 19.2k	citations listlengths 2 4
2hop__472520_776856	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''internationally or`` the Return'' in China, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire.", "title": "Handover of Hong Kong" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''or`` the Return'' internationally, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire.", "title": "Handover of Hong Kong" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Walden is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Lunenburg Municipal District in Lunenburg County on the shore of the LaHave River.", "title": "Walden, Nova Scotia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bridgewater is a town in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada, at the navigable limit of the LaHave River. With a population of 8,532 as of 2016, Bridgewater is the largest town in the South Shore region.", "title": "Bridgewater, Nova Scotia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gerald R. Ford Birthsite and Gardens in Omaha, Nebraska marks the location of the house at 3202 Woolworth Avenue where U.S. President Gerald R. Ford lived for a couple of weeks after his birth in July 1913. It was the home of his paternal grandparents, Charles Henry and Martha King.", "title": "Gerald R. Ford Birthsite and Gardens" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mark Kriski (born June 29, 1956) is a Canadian born in Nova Scotia of Polish descent. He served as a DJ on Victoria, British Columbia's Q-100 FM, and Montreal's 980 AM, known as CKGM, then later as weatherman on Canada's The Weather Network in the late 1980s. Kriski now works at KTLA in Los Angeles.", "title": "Mark Kriski" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" } ]	In which district of the province where Mark Kriski was born is LaHave?	Lunenburg Municipal District	[ "Lunenburg" ]	Title: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens Passage: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Title: Bridgewater, Nova Scotia Passage: Bridgewater is a town in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada, at the navigable limit of the LaHave River. With a population of 8,532 as of 2016, Bridgewater is the largest town in the South Shore region. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Walden, Nova Scotia Passage: Walden is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Lunenburg Municipal District in Lunenburg County on the shore of the LaHave River. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Gerald R. Ford Birthsite and Gardens Passage: The Gerald R. Ford Birthsite and Gardens in Omaha, Nebraska marks the location of the house at 3202 Woolworth Avenue where U.S. President Gerald R. Ford lived for a couple of weeks after his birth in July 1913. It was the home of his paternal grandparents, Charles Henry and Martha King. Title: Handover of Hong Kong Passage: The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''internationally or`` the Return'' in China, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire. Title: Mark Kriski Passage: Mark Kriski (born June 29, 1956) is a Canadian born in Nova Scotia of Polish descent. He served as a DJ on Victoria, British Columbia's Q-100 FM, and Montreal's 980 AM, known as CKGM, then later as weatherman on Canada's The Weather Network in the late 1980s. Kriski now works at KTLA in Los Angeles. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Handover of Hong Kong Passage: The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''or`` the Return'' internationally, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire. Title: Eritrea Passage: The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.	[ "Walden, Nova Scotia", "Mark Kriski" ]
2hop__143876_577248	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reid Paley (born in Brooklyn, New York) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who has been performing and recording both solo and with his trio since the mid-1990s.", "title": "Reid Paley" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August.", "title": "Eric Clapton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.", "title": "Bach to the Blues" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grip is a live debut album by jazz saxophonist Arthur Blythe which was recorded at the Brook, New York City in 1977 and released on the India Navigation label. The album was released on CD as a compilation with \"Metamorphosis\" which was recorded at the same concert.", "title": "The Grip" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rama Records was a record label founded by George Goldner in 1953 in New York City. It recorded doo-wop groups such as The Crows and The Harptones.", "title": "Rama Records" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Birdland (also released as Tenor Battle at Birdland and Jaws N' Stitt at Birdland) is a live album by saxophonists Sonny Stitt and Eddie Davis recorded at Birdland in New York City in 1954 and originally released on the Roost label.", "title": "The Battle of Birdland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Empire State of Mind ''is a song performed by American rapper Jay - Z and featuring vocals by American singer Alicia Keys that was written by Angela Hunte and Jane't Sewell - Ulepic. Produced by Al Shux, Angela Hunte and Jane't Sewell - Ulepic, it was released as the third single from Jay - Z's 11th studio album, The Blueprint 3 (2009), by his Roc Nation label in October 2009. The song was written as a tribute to both artists' hometown, New York City, and features music samples of`` Love on a Two - Way Street'' performed by The Moments. The following month they submitted the song to Jay - Z's Roc Nation, whose reviews were a discouragement. Following an incident that Hunte and Sewell - Ulepic describe as an omen, they took the suggestion of an associate of EMI Music Publishing and resubmitted it to Jay - Z, who kept the ``New York ''singing part on the hook, changed the verses, and recorded it as a single.", "title": "Empire State of Mind" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Theme from New York, New York ''Single by Frank Sinatra from the album Trilogy: Past Present Future B - side`` That's What God Looks Like to Me'' Released April 1980 Format 7 ''single Recorded 1979 Genre Jazz Length 3: 26 Label Reprise Songwriter (s) Fred Ebb, John Kander Producer (s) Sonny Burke Frank Sinatra singles chronology ``Night and Day'' (1977)`` Theme from New York, New York ''(1980) ``You and Me (We Wanted It All)'' (1980)", "title": "Theme from New York, New York" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Axis is a live solo album by pianist Paul Bley recorded in New York in 1977 and released on Bley's own Improvising Artists label the following year.", "title": "Axis (Paul Bley album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cell Walk for Celeste is an album by Cecil Taylor recorded for the Candid label in January 1961 but not released until 1988. The album features performances by Taylor with Archie Shepp, Buell Neidlinger and Denis Charles. Additional recordings from these sessions were released on \"New York City R&B\" in 1971 and \"Jumpin' Punkins\" in 1987.", "title": "Cell Walk for Celeste" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "The Voice That Is!" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Velour Recordings is an American record label founded in 1999 in New York City by Jeff Krasno and Sean Hoess.", "title": "Velour Recordings" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yasmina, a Black Woman is a jazz album by Archie Shepp, recorded in 1969 in Paris for BYG Actuel records. It features musicians from the Art Ensemble of Chicago. The first track, giving its title to the album, is a long free jazz piece by an 11-piece orchestra; in it, the references to Africa that Shepp had experimented with only a few weeks earlier in Algiers are to be found in the use of African percussion instruments, or the African incantations sung by Shepp himself at the beginning of the track. The other two pieces, a homage to Sonny Rollins written by trombonist Grachan Moncur III and a standard, played by a more traditional quintet and quartet respectively, are more reminiscent of the hard bop genre, although the fiery playing of the musicians, notably Shepp himself, gives them a definite avant-garde edge. It was originally issued on CD by Affinity (paired with \"Poem for Malcolm\"), mastered from an incredibly noisy vinyl source and later reissued by Charly (also paired with \"Poem for Malcolm\") from the original master tapes.", "title": "Yasmina, a Black Woman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live from New York City, 1967 is the second live album by Simon & Garfunkel, recorded at Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City, on 22 January 1967. The album was released on the Columbia Legacy CK 61513 label on 16 July 2002.", "title": "Live from New York City, 1967" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamal Givens (born March 25, 1981), also known as Chance, is an American rapper and television personality. Givens is perhaps best known for his work in reality television, beginning with his role on season one of VH1's I Love New York, (2007) wherein he was one of 20 contenders for the affections of Tiffany ``Miss New York ''Pollard. On I Love New York, Givens appears with his brother Ahmad Givens, (whose nickname was Real). Givens is also a former Capitol Records artist.", "title": "Kamal Givens" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Many Sides of Toshiko is a jazz piano trio album by Toshiko Akiyoshi, recorded in New York in 1957 and released on the Verve Records label.", "title": "The Many Sides of Toshiko" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Down Home New York is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp recorded in 1984 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "title": "Down Home New York" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original Dukes of Dixieland were featured on the first stereo record, released November 1957, on the Audio Fidelity label. Sidney Frey, founder and president of Audio Fidelity, had Westrex cut the disk for release before any of the major record labels. In 1978, the Dukes, under John Shoup's direction, recorded the first direct-to-disk album, and then, in 1984, were the first jazz band to record on CD. In 1980, they recorded a television special at the old Civic Theater in New Orleans, with the New Orleans Pops Orchestra and later performed in a TV special with Woody Herman, \"Wood Choppers Ball.\" In 1986, they invited jazz master Danny Barker to perform with them at Mahogany Hall to record a television special \"Salute to Jelly Roll Morton\". In 2001, their gospel CD \"Gloryland\" was nominated for a Grammy. In 2011, they recorded with The Oak Ridge Boys, in Nashville, TN, a CD titled \"Country Meets Dixie.\"", "title": "Dukes of Dixieland" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx, and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and US Court of International Trade are also based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. Pearl is a New York-based American singer signed to Simply Delicious record label which is part of Strictly Rhythm Musical Group. Her music is described as \"electro house\" dance music.", "title": "J. Pearl" } ]	What was the record label of the performer of Down Home New York?	BYG Actuel	[]	Title: Down Home New York Passage: Down Home New York is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp recorded in 1984 and released on the Italian Soul Note label. Title: Reid Paley Passage: Reid Paley (born in Brooklyn, New York) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who has been performing and recording both solo and with his trio since the mid-1990s. Title: The Voice That Is! Passage: The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label. Title: Yasmina, a Black Woman Passage: Yasmina, a Black Woman is a jazz album by Archie Shepp, recorded in 1969 in Paris for BYG Actuel records. It features musicians from the Art Ensemble of Chicago. The first track, giving its title to the album, is a long free jazz piece by an 11-piece orchestra; in it, the references to Africa that Shepp had experimented with only a few weeks earlier in Algiers are to be found in the use of African percussion instruments, or the African incantations sung by Shepp himself at the beginning of the track. The other two pieces, a homage to Sonny Rollins written by trombonist Grachan Moncur III and a standard, played by a more traditional quintet and quartet respectively, are more reminiscent of the hard bop genre, although the fiery playing of the musicians, notably Shepp himself, gives them a definite avant-garde edge. It was originally issued on CD by Affinity (paired with "Poem for Malcolm"), mastered from an incredibly noisy vinyl source and later reissued by Charly (also paired with "Poem for Malcolm") from the original master tapes. Title: The Grip Passage: The Grip is a live debut album by jazz saxophonist Arthur Blythe which was recorded at the Brook, New York City in 1977 and released on the India Navigation label. The album was released on CD as a compilation with "Metamorphosis" which was recorded at the same concert. Title: The Many Sides of Toshiko Passage: The Many Sides of Toshiko is a jazz piano trio album by Toshiko Akiyoshi, recorded in New York in 1957 and released on the Verve Records label. Title: New York City Passage: Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx, and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and US Court of International Trade are also based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan. Title: Empire State of Mind Passage: ``Empire State of Mind ''is a song performed by American rapper Jay - Z and featuring vocals by American singer Alicia Keys that was written by Angela Hunte and Jane't Sewell - Ulepic. Produced by Al Shux, Angela Hunte and Jane't Sewell - Ulepic, it was released as the third single from Jay - Z's 11th studio album, The Blueprint 3 (2009), by his Roc Nation label in October 2009. The song was written as a tribute to both artists' hometown, New York City, and features music samples of`` Love on a Two - Way Street'' performed by The Moments. The following month they submitted the song to Jay - Z's Roc Nation, whose reviews were a discouragement. Following an incident that Hunte and Sewell - Ulepic describe as an omen, they took the suggestion of an associate of EMI Music Publishing and resubmitted it to Jay - Z, who kept the ``New York ''singing part on the hook, changed the verses, and recorded it as a single. Title: Theme from New York, New York Passage: ``Theme from New York, New York ''Single by Frank Sinatra from the album Trilogy: Past Present Future B - side`` That's What God Looks Like to Me'' Released April 1980 Format 7 ''single Recorded 1979 Genre Jazz Length 3: 26 Label Reprise Songwriter (s) Fred Ebb, John Kander Producer (s) Sonny Burke Frank Sinatra singles chronology ``Night and Day'' (1977)`` Theme from New York, New York ''(1980) ``You and Me (We Wanted It All)'' (1980) Title: Eric Clapton Passage: On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August. Title: Dukes of Dixieland Passage: The original Dukes of Dixieland were featured on the first stereo record, released November 1957, on the Audio Fidelity label. Sidney Frey, founder and president of Audio Fidelity, had Westrex cut the disk for release before any of the major record labels. In 1978, the Dukes, under John Shoup's direction, recorded the first direct-to-disk album, and then, in 1984, were the first jazz band to record on CD. In 1980, they recorded a television special at the old Civic Theater in New Orleans, with the New Orleans Pops Orchestra and later performed in a TV special with Woody Herman, "Wood Choppers Ball." In 1986, they invited jazz master Danny Barker to perform with them at Mahogany Hall to record a television special "Salute to Jelly Roll Morton". In 2001, their gospel CD "Gloryland" was nominated for a Grammy. In 2011, they recorded with The Oak Ridge Boys, in Nashville, TN, a CD titled "Country Meets Dixie." Title: Axis (Paul Bley album) Passage: Axis is a live solo album by pianist Paul Bley recorded in New York in 1977 and released on Bley's own Improvising Artists label the following year. Title: Cell Walk for Celeste Passage: Cell Walk for Celeste is an album by Cecil Taylor recorded for the Candid label in January 1961 but not released until 1988. The album features performances by Taylor with Archie Shepp, Buell Neidlinger and Denis Charles. Additional recordings from these sessions were released on "New York City R&B" in 1971 and "Jumpin' Punkins" in 1987. Title: J. Pearl Passage: J. Pearl is a New York-based American singer signed to Simply Delicious record label which is part of Strictly Rhythm Musical Group. Her music is described as "electro house" dance music. Title: Velour Recordings Passage: Velour Recordings is an American record label founded in 1999 in New York City by Jeff Krasno and Sean Hoess. Title: Kamal Givens Passage: Kamal Givens (born March 25, 1981), also known as Chance, is an American rapper and television personality. Givens is perhaps best known for his work in reality television, beginning with his role on season one of VH1's I Love New York, (2007) wherein he was one of 20 contenders for the affections of Tiffany ``Miss New York ''Pollard. On I Love New York, Givens appears with his brother Ahmad Givens, (whose nickname was Real). Givens is also a former Capitol Records artist. Title: Bach to the Blues Passage: Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label. Title: Rama Records Passage: Rama Records was a record label founded by George Goldner in 1953 in New York City. It recorded doo-wop groups such as The Crows and The Harptones. Title: Live from New York City, 1967 Passage: Live from New York City, 1967 is the second live album by Simon & Garfunkel, recorded at Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City, on 22 January 1967. The album was released on the Columbia Legacy CK 61513 label on 16 July 2002. Title: The Battle of Birdland Passage: The Battle of Birdland (also released as Tenor Battle at Birdland and Jaws N' Stitt at Birdland) is a live album by saxophonists Sonny Stitt and Eddie Davis recorded at Birdland in New York City in 1954 and originally released on the Roost label.	[ "Yasmina, a Black Woman", "Down Home New York" ]
2hop__245784_66879	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 Triglav Trophy was the Triglav Trophy figure skating competition of the 2002–03 figure skating season. The competition is always held annually in the spring in Jesenice, Slovenia. Due to its timing, the Triglav Trophy is usually the last or one of the last International Skating Union-sanctioned international competitions of the season.", "title": "2003 Triglav Trophy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tournament was won by Brazil, which defeated another two - time former champion, Italy, 4 -- 1 in the final in Mexico City. The win gave Brazil its third World Cup title, which allowed them to permanently keep the Jules Rimet Trophy, and a new trophy was introduced in 1974. The victorious team, led by Carlos Alberto and featuring players such as Pelé, Gérson, Jairzinho, Rivellino, and Tostão, is often cited as the greatest - ever World Cup team. They achieved a perfect record of wins in all six games in the finals, as well as winning all their qualifying fixtures.", "title": "1970 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 7th Solheim Cup Match was held between September 20 and September 22, 2002 at Interlachen Country Club, Edina, Minnesota, USA. Team USA won the trophy for the fifth time by a score of 15½ to 12½ points. Rosie Jones gained the winning point in her victory over Karine Icher.", "title": "2002 Solheim Cup" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tony Moulai (born 17 January 1976 in Saint-Nazaire) is a triathlete from France. Moulai has won three silver medals in his entire sporting career, including one for mixed team relay, and is currently ranked no. 13 in the world by the International Triathlon Union. He is also a member of the Poissy Triathlon team.", "title": "Tony Moulai" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships.", "title": "Real Madrid CF" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Anglo - Italian League Cup: Winners (1): 1971 Costa Del Sol Tournament: Winners (2): 1965, 1966 Nolia Cup: Winners (1): 1977 Kirin Cup: Winners (1): 1979 Sun International Challenge Trophy: Winners (1): 1983 Peace Cup: Winners (1): 2005 Vodacom Challenge: Winners (2): 2007, 2011 Feyenoord Jubileum Tournament: Winners (1): 2008 Barclays Asia Trophy: Winners (1): 2009 AIA Cup: Winners (1): 2015", "title": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C." }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's global governing body. The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Raichur and New Zealand, was won by ((Australia national cricket team A, who beat their co-hosts New Zealand. The current trophy was instituted in 1999. It always remains with the ICC, and a replica is awarded to the winning team.", "title": "List of Cricket World Cup finals" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Cup is open to all members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), although the highest - ranking teams receive automatic qualification. The remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full - member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The tournament is the worlds 4th biggest sporting event behind the FIFA World Cup, Summer Olympics and the Rugby World Cup.", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winners are awarded the William Webb Ellis Cup, named after William Webb Ellis, the Rugby School pupil who -- according to a popular legend -- invented rugby by picking up the ball during a football game. Four countries have won the trophy; New Zealand have won it three times, two teams have won twice, Australia and South Africa, while England have won it once.", "title": "Rugby World Cup" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club was founded as West Bromwich Strollers in 1878 by workers from George Salter's Spring Works in West Bromwich, in Staffordshire. They were renamed West Bromwich Albion in 1880, becoming the first team to adopt the Albion suffix; Albion was a district of West Bromwich where some of the players lived or worked, close to what is today Greets Green. The club joined the Birmingham & District Football Association in 1881 and became eligible for their first competition, the Birmingham Cup. They reached the quarter - finals, beating several longer - established clubs on the way. In 1883, Albion won their first trophy, the Staffordshire Cup. Albion joined the Football Association in the same year; this enabled them to enter the FA Cup for the first time in the 1883 -- 84 season. In 1885 the club turned professional, and in 1886 they reached the FA Cup final for the first time, losing 2 -- 0 to Blackburn Rovers in a replay. They reached the final again in 1887, but lost 2 -- 0 to Aston Villa. In 1888 the team won the trophy for the first time, beating strong favourites Preston North End 2 -- 1 in the final. As FA Cup winners, they qualified to play in a Football World Championship game against Scottish Cup winners Renton, which ended in a 4 -- 1 defeat.", "title": "West Bromwich Albion F.C." }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Guadiana Trophy competition took place between 25–27 July 2008 and featured Benfica, Sporting Clube de Portugal, and Blackburn Rovers. Sporting won in the final match against rivals Benfica.", "title": "2008 Guadiana Trophy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Lakeside circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 November 1965. It was the ninth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Ian Geoghegan driving a Lotus 23b.", "title": "1965 Australian Tourist Trophy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP are the largest sports clubs by popularity and by number of trophies won, often known as \"os três grandes\" (\"the big three\"). They have won eight titles in the European UEFA club competitions, were present in many finals and have been regular contenders in the last stages almost every season. Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the \"big three\", compete in several other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity, these may include roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball. The Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol – annually hosts the Algarve Cup, a prestigious women`s football tournament that has been celebrated in the Algarvian part of Portugal.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uruguay have won four FIFA - organized World Football Championships. They won the first World Championship organized by FIFA under the Olympic Committee umbrella with true representation from all continents; before then, football in the Olympics comprised only European teams). Uruguay then won the next two World Championships (Jules Rimet Trophy) in which they participated; these tournaments, the 1930 and 1950 FIFA World Cups, were fully independent from the Olympics and employed clear rules distinguishing professional and amateur football players. Since 1924 marked the beginning of true international football competition, organized by FIFA, FIFA recognizes Uruguay as four - time world champions and allows the team to wear four stars on their uniforms during official international football competitions. (Before 1974, the FIFA World Cup was referred to as the Football World Championship, and the nine champions from 1930 to 1970 received replicas of the Jules Rimet Trophy. Uruguay hosted and won the first FIFA World Cup in 1930, beating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final. They won their fourth and last title in 1950, upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match. The team have qualified for twelve World Cups, reaching the second round in all but three, the semifinals five times, and the finals twice. They also won the gold medal in Olympic football twice, in 1924 and 1928, before the creation of the World Cup. Uruguay won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament comprising former World Cup champions hosted in Uruguay to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first World Championship. Uruguay is one of the most successful teams in the world, having won 19 FIFA official titles: 2 World Championships, 2 Olympic Games, and 15 Copa América championships.", "title": "Uruguay at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A half-back, Piper began his career with Northfleet, a club which at the time acted as a nursery club for Tottenham Hotspur. He signed for Tottenham as a professional in January 1940, but with competitive football suspended due to the Second World War, he was restricted to playing in unofficial wartime competitions. Before The Football League resumed, he was released by Spurs and joined Gillingham of the Southern League. For the next four seasons he played regularly as Gillingham dominated the competition, making 116 Southern League appearances in all. In 1950, however, Gillingham were elected back into The Football League and signed Harry Ayres from Fulham to play in the half-back position. After making only four appearances during the 1950–51 season, Piper left to join Dartford.", "title": "George Piper (footballer)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was the eighth ICC Champions Trophy, a cricket tournament for the eight top - ranked One Day International (ODI) teams in the world. It was held in England and Wales from 1 June to 18 June 2017. Pakistan won the competition for the first time with a 180 - run victory over India in the final at The Oval. The margin of victory was the largest by any team in the final of an ICC ODI tournament in terms of runs.", "title": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marilyn Agliotti (born 23 June 1979 in Boksburg, South Africa) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands, having previously represented South Africa. After her move to the Netherlands and award of a Dutch passport, she represents the Dutch national team. She was selected for the 2007 European Championships in Manchester where the Dutch won the silver medal. They won the bronze medal at the 2008 Champions Trophy in Mönchengladbach. She was a member of the Dutch team that qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and won the gold medal. She was also a member of the Dutch team that won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Agliotti is married to another woman. In an interview with a Dutch magazine she said that the hockey community should be more open about homosexuality.", "title": "Marilyn Agliotti" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2007 Triglav Trophy was the Triglav Trophy figure skating competition of the 2006–07 figure skating season. The competition is always held annually in the spring in Jesenice, Slovenia. Due to its timing, the Triglav Trophy is usually the last or one of the last International Skating Union-sanctioned international competitions of the season.", "title": "2007 Triglav Trophy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hyderabad cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. It is part of the Ranji Trophy Elite Group and has seen scattered success over its many years in the Ranji Trophy circuit. It falls into the South Zone in the Duleep Trophy. Over its long history in the Ranji Trophy it has won twice and come runner up three times and has made one appearance in the Irani Trophy.", "title": "Hyderabad cricket team" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1976–77 AHL season was the 41st season of the American Hockey League. The league lost two teams, and divisions were dissolved. Six teams played 80 games each in the schedule. The F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy is awarded is for first place in the regular season, and the John D. Chick Trophy is not awarded. The Nova Scotia Voyageurs repeated as first overall in the regular season, and won their third Calder Cup championship.", "title": "1976–77 AHL season" } ]	When did George Piper's club last win a trophy?	2015	[]	Title: George Piper (footballer) Passage: A half-back, Piper began his career with Northfleet, a club which at the time acted as a nursery club for Tottenham Hotspur. He signed for Tottenham as a professional in January 1940, but with competitive football suspended due to the Second World War, he was restricted to playing in unofficial wartime competitions. Before The Football League resumed, he was released by Spurs and joined Gillingham of the Southern League. For the next four seasons he played regularly as Gillingham dominated the competition, making 116 Southern League appearances in all. In 1950, however, Gillingham were elected back into The Football League and signed Harry Ayres from Fulham to play in the half-back position. After making only four appearances during the 1950–51 season, Piper left to join Dartford. Title: Real Madrid CF Passage: Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships. Title: 2007 Triglav Trophy Passage: The 2007 Triglav Trophy was the Triglav Trophy figure skating competition of the 2006–07 figure skating season. The competition is always held annually in the spring in Jesenice, Slovenia. Due to its timing, the Triglav Trophy is usually the last or one of the last International Skating Union-sanctioned international competitions of the season. Title: Portugal Passage: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP are the largest sports clubs by popularity and by number of trophies won, often known as "os três grandes" ("the big three"). They have won eight titles in the European UEFA club competitions, were present in many finals and have been regular contenders in the last stages almost every season. Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the "big three", compete in several other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity, these may include roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball. The Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol – annually hosts the Algarve Cup, a prestigious women`s football tournament that has been celebrated in the Algarvian part of Portugal. Title: 2008 Guadiana Trophy Passage: The 2008 Guadiana Trophy competition took place between 25–27 July 2008 and featured Benfica, Sporting Clube de Portugal, and Blackburn Rovers. Sporting won in the final match against rivals Benfica. Title: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Passage: Anglo - Italian League Cup: Winners (1): 1971 Costa Del Sol Tournament: Winners (2): 1965, 1966 Nolia Cup: Winners (1): 1977 Kirin Cup: Winners (1): 1979 Sun International Challenge Trophy: Winners (1): 1983 Peace Cup: Winners (1): 2005 Vodacom Challenge: Winners (2): 2007, 2011 Feyenoord Jubileum Tournament: Winners (1): 2008 Barclays Asia Trophy: Winners (1): 2009 AIA Cup: Winners (1): 2015 Title: 1976–77 AHL season Passage: The 1976–77 AHL season was the 41st season of the American Hockey League. The league lost two teams, and divisions were dissolved. Six teams played 80 games each in the schedule. The F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy is awarded is for first place in the regular season, and the John D. Chick Trophy is not awarded. The Nova Scotia Voyageurs repeated as first overall in the regular season, and won their third Calder Cup championship. Title: 2003 Triglav Trophy Passage: The 2003 Triglav Trophy was the Triglav Trophy figure skating competition of the 2002–03 figure skating season. The competition is always held annually in the spring in Jesenice, Slovenia. Due to its timing, the Triglav Trophy is usually the last or one of the last International Skating Union-sanctioned international competitions of the season. Title: Tony Moulai Passage: Tony Moulai (born 17 January 1976 in Saint-Nazaire) is a triathlete from France. Moulai has won three silver medals in his entire sporting career, including one for mixed team relay, and is currently ranked no. 13 in the world by the International Triathlon Union. He is also a member of the Poissy Triathlon team. Title: 2002 Solheim Cup Passage: The 7th Solheim Cup Match was held between September 20 and September 22, 2002 at Interlachen Country Club, Edina, Minnesota, USA. Team USA won the trophy for the fifth time by a score of 15½ to 12½ points. Rosie Jones gained the winning point in her victory over Karine Icher. Title: List of Cricket World Cup finals Passage: The Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's global governing body. The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Raichur and New Zealand, was won by ((Australia national cricket team A, who beat their co-hosts New Zealand. The current trophy was instituted in 1999. It always remains with the ICC, and a replica is awarded to the winning team. Title: Marilyn Agliotti Passage: Marilyn Agliotti (born 23 June 1979 in Boksburg, South Africa) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands, having previously represented South Africa. After her move to the Netherlands and award of a Dutch passport, she represents the Dutch national team. She was selected for the 2007 European Championships in Manchester where the Dutch won the silver medal. They won the bronze medal at the 2008 Champions Trophy in Mönchengladbach. She was a member of the Dutch team that qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and won the gold medal. She was also a member of the Dutch team that won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Agliotti is married to another woman. In an interview with a Dutch magazine she said that the hockey community should be more open about homosexuality. Title: Hyderabad cricket team Passage: The Hyderabad cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. It is part of the Ranji Trophy Elite Group and has seen scattered success over its many years in the Ranji Trophy circuit. It falls into the South Zone in the Duleep Trophy. Over its long history in the Ranji Trophy it has won twice and come runner up three times and has made one appearance in the Irani Trophy. Title: 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy Passage: The 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Lakeside circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 November 1965. It was the ninth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Ian Geoghegan driving a Lotus 23b. Title: Uruguay at the FIFA World Cup Passage: Uruguay have won four FIFA - organized World Football Championships. They won the first World Championship organized by FIFA under the Olympic Committee umbrella with true representation from all continents; before then, football in the Olympics comprised only European teams). Uruguay then won the next two World Championships (Jules Rimet Trophy) in which they participated; these tournaments, the 1930 and 1950 FIFA World Cups, were fully independent from the Olympics and employed clear rules distinguishing professional and amateur football players. Since 1924 marked the beginning of true international football competition, organized by FIFA, FIFA recognizes Uruguay as four - time world champions and allows the team to wear four stars on their uniforms during official international football competitions. (Before 1974, the FIFA World Cup was referred to as the Football World Championship, and the nine champions from 1930 to 1970 received replicas of the Jules Rimet Trophy. Uruguay hosted and won the first FIFA World Cup in 1930, beating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final. They won their fourth and last title in 1950, upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match. The team have qualified for twelve World Cups, reaching the second round in all but three, the semifinals five times, and the finals twice. They also won the gold medal in Olympic football twice, in 1924 and 1928, before the creation of the World Cup. Uruguay won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament comprising former World Cup champions hosted in Uruguay to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first World Championship. Uruguay is one of the most successful teams in the world, having won 19 FIFA official titles: 2 World Championships, 2 Olympic Games, and 15 Copa América championships. Title: 2017 ICC Champions Trophy Passage: The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was the eighth ICC Champions Trophy, a cricket tournament for the eight top - ranked One Day International (ODI) teams in the world. It was held in England and Wales from 1 June to 18 June 2017. Pakistan won the competition for the first time with a 180 - run victory over India in the final at The Oval. The margin of victory was the largest by any team in the final of an ICC ODI tournament in terms of runs. Title: West Bromwich Albion F.C. Passage: The club was founded as West Bromwich Strollers in 1878 by workers from George Salter's Spring Works in West Bromwich, in Staffordshire. They were renamed West Bromwich Albion in 1880, becoming the first team to adopt the Albion suffix; Albion was a district of West Bromwich where some of the players lived or worked, close to what is today Greets Green. The club joined the Birmingham & District Football Association in 1881 and became eligible for their first competition, the Birmingham Cup. They reached the quarter - finals, beating several longer - established clubs on the way. In 1883, Albion won their first trophy, the Staffordshire Cup. Albion joined the Football Association in the same year; this enabled them to enter the FA Cup for the first time in the 1883 -- 84 season. In 1885 the club turned professional, and in 1886 they reached the FA Cup final for the first time, losing 2 -- 0 to Blackburn Rovers in a replay. They reached the final again in 1887, but lost 2 -- 0 to Aston Villa. In 1888 the team won the trophy for the first time, beating strong favourites Preston North End 2 -- 1 in the final. As FA Cup winners, they qualified to play in a Football World Championship game against Scottish Cup winners Renton, which ended in a 4 -- 1 defeat. Title: Cricket World Cup Passage: The World Cup is open to all members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), although the highest - ranking teams receive automatic qualification. The remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full - member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The tournament is the worlds 4th biggest sporting event behind the FIFA World Cup, Summer Olympics and the Rugby World Cup. Title: Rugby World Cup Passage: The winners are awarded the William Webb Ellis Cup, named after William Webb Ellis, the Rugby School pupil who -- according to a popular legend -- invented rugby by picking up the ball during a football game. Four countries have won the trophy; New Zealand have won it three times, two teams have won twice, Australia and South Africa, while England have won it once. Title: 1970 FIFA World Cup Passage: The tournament was won by Brazil, which defeated another two - time former champion, Italy, 4 -- 1 in the final in Mexico City. The win gave Brazil its third World Cup title, which allowed them to permanently keep the Jules Rimet Trophy, and a new trophy was introduced in 1974. The victorious team, led by Carlos Alberto and featuring players such as Pelé, Gérson, Jairzinho, Rivellino, and Tostão, is often cited as the greatest - ever World Cup team. They achieved a perfect record of wins in all six games in the finals, as well as winning all their qualifying fixtures.	[ "Tottenham Hotspur F.C.", "George Piper (footballer)" ]
3hop1__37620_87850_49736	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 -- February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African - American to vote in an election under the just - enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870.", "title": "Thomas Mundy Peterson" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the title of a speech by Minister President of Prussia Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations.", "title": "Blood and Iron (speech)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election, 1824 ← 1820 October 26 -- December 2, 1824 1828 → All 261 electoral votes of the Electoral College 131 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 26.9% 16.8 pp Nominee John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson Party Democratic - Republican Democratic - Republican Home state Massachusetts Tennessee Running mate John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Electoral vote 84 99 States carried 7 (in EC) 13 (in HR) 11 (in EC) 7 (in HR) Popular vote 113,122 151,271 Percentage 30.9% 41.4% Nominee William H. Crawford Henry Clay Party Democratic - Republican Democratic - Republican Home state Georgia Kentucky Running mate Nathaniel Macon (replacing Albert Gallatin) Nathan Sanford Electoral vote 41 37 States carried 3 (in EC) 4 (in HR) 3 (in EC) Popular vote 40,856 47,531 Percentage 11.2% 13.0% Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Jackson, orange denotes those won by Crawford, green denotes those won by Adams, light yellow denotes those won by Clay. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election James Monroe Democratic - Republican Elected President John Quincy Adams Democratic - Republican", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 3 June 2015, the FBI confirmed that the federal authorities were investigating the bidding and awarding processes for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that ``should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled ''. Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong - joon in which a vote - trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed.", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jose Domingo de Obaldía Gallegos was the second President of the Republic of Panama from 1908 to 1910 and the first president elected by popular vote after the separation of Panama from Colombia.", "title": "José Domingo de Obaldía" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The phrase ``Said the actress to the bishop ''is a colloquial and vulgar British exclamation, offering humour by serving as a punch line that exposes an unintended double entendre. An equivalent phrase in North America is`` that's what she said''. Each phrase is an example of a Wellerism, exposing a second meaning of what precedes it. The versatility of such phrases, and their popularity, lead some to consider them clichéd.", "title": "Said the actress to the bishop" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 27, 1935, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes wrote for a unanimous Court in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States that Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional. First, Hughes concluded that the law was void for vagueness because the critical term ``fair competition ''was nowhere defined in the Act. Second, Hughes found the Act's delegation of authority to the executive branch unconstitutionally overbroad:", "title": "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The election exposed one of the flaws in the original Constitution of the United States. Members of the Electoral College were authorized by the original Constitution to vote for two names for President, theoretically one for the preferred President and one for the preferred Vice President but in fact counted up into the same ballot, enabling the possibility that a vice presidential candidate could be elected President. (The two - vote ballot was created in order to try to maximize the possibility that one candidate received votes from a majority of the electors nationwide; the drafters of the Constitution had not anticipated the rise of organized political parties, which made it much easier to attain a nationwide majority.) The candidate with the most electoral votes would become President and the candidate with the second most would become Vice President. The Democratic - Republicans had planned for one of the electors to abstain from casting his second vote for Aaron Burr, which would have led to Jefferson receiving one electoral vote more than Burr, making Jefferson President and Burr Vice President. The plan, however, was mishandled. Each elector who voted for Jefferson also voted for Burr, resulting in a tied electoral vote. The election was then put into the hands of the outgoing House of Representatives, which, after 35 votes in which neither Jefferson nor Burr obtained a majority, elected Jefferson on the 36th ballot.", "title": "1800 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PDQ and Baffle are American television game shows created by Heatter-Quigley Productions. Both shows' objective was to guess a given word or phrase in the shortest amount of time with the fewest letters given as possible.", "title": "PDQ (game show)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2018 elections in the United States will be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, except for certain special elections. All these races, regardless if it is for a federal, state, or local office, are being administered by the individual state and local governments instead of at the national or federal level. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's first term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. In addition, 39 state and territorial governorships as well as numerous other state and local elections will also be contested.", "title": "2018 United States elections" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty - Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner.", "title": "United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the name given to a speech made by Otto von Bismarck given on 30 September 1862, at the time when he was Minister President of Prussia, about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations.", "title": "Blood and Iron (speech)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The court noted that it \"is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America.\" The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the \"wall of separation\" metaphor: \"I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the \"wall of separation,\" a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution.\"", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect the vice president if no vice presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the Senate to choose from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. Electoral College deadlocks are rare. The Senate has only broken a deadlock once; in 1837, it elected Richard Mentor Johnson. The House elects the president if the Electoral College deadlocks on that choice.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "If no candidate for president receives a majority of electoral votes for president, the Twelfth Amendment provides that the House of Representatives will select the president, with each of the fifty state delegations casting one vote. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president, then the Senate will select the vice president, with each of the 100 senators having one vote.", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The authority and responsibilities of the president was similar to that of the President of the United States: to serve the people of Texas, and to serve as the head of the military and the state. These were detailed in the Constitution of the Republic of Texas of 1836. The Constitution specified a term of two years for the first elected president (Sam Houston) and terms of three years thereafter; the president could not succeed himself, but there were otherwise no term limits. The president was elected separately from the vice president, by popular vote, and there was no requirement to be native - born. A strict reading of the Constitution provided for women's suffrage (that is, both men and women were citizens and could vote for Congress, president, and other offices), but women and preachers or priests were not allowed to serve as president or in Congress. Indians and Africans and those of African descent could not be citizens.", "title": "President of the Republic of Texas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The phrase \"[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world\" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut):", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each member of the voting panel casts a vote for first to fifth place selections. Each first - place vote is worth 10 points; each second - place vote is worth seven; each third - place vote is worth five, fourth - place is worth three and fifth - place is worth one. Starting from 2010, one ballot was cast by fans through online voting. The player with the highest point total wins the award. As of June 2018, the current holder of the award is James Harden of the Houston Rockets.", "title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Urvich Wall (, ‘Urvichka Stena’ \\'ur-vich-ka ste-'na\\) is the narrow ice-free and crescent-shaped ridge rising to 121 m on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and bounded by Nedelya Point to the north and Rish Point to the southeast. Extending 6.7 km and up to 400 m wide, the ridge separates Byers Peninsula to the west from Rotch Dome to the east.", "title": "Urvich Wall" } ]	In 2018, when do we vote for the body given authority to choose the president in 1824 by the document in which Stewart could not find Wall of Separation?	Tuesday, November 6, 2018	[]	Title: José Domingo de Obaldía Passage: Jose Domingo de Obaldía Gallegos was the second President of the Republic of Panama from 1908 to 1910 and the first president elected by popular vote after the separation of Panama from Colombia. Title: Blood and Iron (speech) Passage: Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the name given to a speech made by Otto von Bismarck given on 30 September 1862, at the time when he was Minister President of Prussia, about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations. Title: 1800 United States presidential election Passage: The election exposed one of the flaws in the original Constitution of the United States. Members of the Electoral College were authorized by the original Constitution to vote for two names for President, theoretically one for the preferred President and one for the preferred Vice President but in fact counted up into the same ballot, enabling the possibility that a vice presidential candidate could be elected President. (The two - vote ballot was created in order to try to maximize the possibility that one candidate received votes from a majority of the electors nationwide; the drafters of the Constitution had not anticipated the rise of organized political parties, which made it much easier to attain a nationwide majority.) The candidate with the most electoral votes would become President and the candidate with the second most would become Vice President. The Democratic - Republicans had planned for one of the electors to abstain from casting his second vote for Aaron Burr, which would have led to Jefferson receiving one electoral vote more than Burr, making Jefferson President and Burr Vice President. The plan, however, was mishandled. Each elector who voted for Jefferson also voted for Burr, resulting in a tied electoral vote. The election was then put into the hands of the outgoing House of Representatives, which, after 35 votes in which neither Jefferson nor Burr obtained a majority, elected Jefferson on the 36th ballot. Title: United States Electoral College Passage: If no candidate for president receives a majority of electoral votes for president, the Twelfth Amendment provides that the House of Representatives will select the president, with each of the fifty state delegations casting one vote. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president, then the Senate will select the vice president, with each of the 100 senators having one vote. Title: Said the actress to the bishop Passage: The phrase ``Said the actress to the bishop ''is a colloquial and vulgar British exclamation, offering humour by serving as a punch line that exposes an unintended double entendre. An equivalent phrase in North America is`` that's what she said''. Each phrase is an example of a Wellerism, exposing a second meaning of what precedes it. The versatility of such phrases, and their popularity, lead some to consider them clichéd. Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Passage: On 3 June 2015, the FBI confirmed that the federal authorities were investigating the bidding and awarding processes for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that ``should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled ''. Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong - joon in which a vote - trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed. Title: Thomas Mundy Peterson Passage: Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 -- February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African - American to vote in an election under the just - enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870. Title: Blood and Iron (speech) Passage: Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the title of a speech by Minister President of Prussia Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations. Title: 2018 United States elections Passage: 2018 elections in the United States will be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, except for certain special elections. All these races, regardless if it is for a federal, state, or local office, are being administered by the individual state and local governments instead of at the national or federal level. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's first term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. In addition, 39 state and territorial governorships as well as numerous other state and local elections will also be contested. Title: United States presidential election Passage: The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty - Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut): Title: PDQ (game show) Passage: PDQ and Baffle are American television game shows created by Heatter-Quigley Productions. Both shows' objective was to guess a given word or phrase in the shortest amount of time with the fewest letters given as possible. Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote. Title: United States Senate Passage: Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect the vice president if no vice presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the Senate to choose from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. Electoral College deadlocks are rare. The Senate has only broken a deadlock once; in 1837, it elected Richard Mentor Johnson. The House elects the president if the Electoral College deadlocks on that choice. Title: National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 Passage: On May 27, 1935, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes wrote for a unanimous Court in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States that Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional. First, Hughes concluded that the law was void for vagueness because the critical term ``fair competition ''was nowhere defined in the Act. Second, Hughes found the Act's delegation of authority to the executive branch unconstitutionally overbroad: Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: United States presidential election, 1824 ← 1820 October 26 -- December 2, 1824 1828 → All 261 electoral votes of the Electoral College 131 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 26.9% 16.8 pp Nominee John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson Party Democratic - Republican Democratic - Republican Home state Massachusetts Tennessee Running mate John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Electoral vote 84 99 States carried 7 (in EC) 13 (in HR) 11 (in EC) 7 (in HR) Popular vote 113,122 151,271 Percentage 30.9% 41.4% Nominee William H. Crawford Henry Clay Party Democratic - Republican Democratic - Republican Home state Georgia Kentucky Running mate Nathaniel Macon (replacing Albert Gallatin) Nathan Sanford Electoral vote 41 37 States carried 3 (in EC) 4 (in HR) 3 (in EC) Popular vote 40,856 47,531 Percentage 11.2% 13.0% Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Jackson, orange denotes those won by Crawford, green denotes those won by Adams, light yellow denotes those won by Clay. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election James Monroe Democratic - Republican Elected President John Quincy Adams Democratic - Republican Title: President of the Republic of Texas Passage: The authority and responsibilities of the president was similar to that of the President of the United States: to serve the people of Texas, and to serve as the head of the military and the state. These were detailed in the Constitution of the Republic of Texas of 1836. The Constitution specified a term of two years for the first elected president (Sam Houston) and terms of three years thereafter; the president could not succeed himself, but there were otherwise no term limits. The president was elected separately from the vice president, by popular vote, and there was no requirement to be native - born. A strict reading of the Constitution provided for women's suffrage (that is, both men and women were citizens and could vote for Congress, president, and other offices), but women and preachers or priests were not allowed to serve as president or in Congress. Indians and Africans and those of African descent could not be citizens. Title: NBA Most Valuable Player Award Passage: Each member of the voting panel casts a vote for first to fifth place selections. Each first - place vote is worth 10 points; each second - place vote is worth seven; each third - place vote is worth five, fourth - place is worth three and fifth - place is worth one. Starting from 2010, one ballot was cast by fans through online voting. The player with the highest point total wins the award. As of June 2018, the current holder of the award is James Harden of the Houston Rockets. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution." Title: Urvich Wall Passage: Urvich Wall (, ‘Urvichka Stena’ \'ur-vich-ka ste-'na\) is the narrow ice-free and crescent-shaped ridge rising to 121 m on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and bounded by Nedelya Point to the north and Rish Point to the southeast. Extending 6.7 km and up to 400 m wide, the ridge separates Byers Peninsula to the west from Rotch Dome to the east.	[ "1824 United States presidential election", "2018 United States elections", "Separation of church and state in the United States" ]
2hop__131631_51268	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jennings is a town in Pawnee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 363 at the 2010 census, a 2.7 percent decline from 373 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Jennings, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Benjamin ``Ben ''Wyatt KBE is a character portrayed by Adam Scott in the TV series Parks and Recreation. The character guest starred in two episodes of season two and was upgraded to a series regular in season three. Ben is a state auditor who comes into Pawnee with Chris Traeger to evaluate the town's funds at the end of the second season. Ben began dating Leslie Knope in the season three episode`` Road Trip'' and married her in the season five episode ``Leslie and Ben. ''It is implied that he or Leslie or both later become the President of the United States. Ben Wyatt is a lover of all things calzones, sci - fi, and Game of Thrones.", "title": "Ben Wyatt (Parks and Recreation)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel P. Taylor State Park is a state park located in Marin County, California. It contains approximately of redwood and grassland. The park contains about of old-growth forest, some of which can be seen along the Pioneer Tree Trail.", "title": "Samuel P. Taylor State Park" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joe Creason Park is a municipal park in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Located in the Poplar Level neighborhood, it is in roughly the central portion of the city. The park adjoins and connects to Beargrass Creek State Nature Preserve, and both were originally part of the same property prior to becoming parks.", "title": "Joe Creason Park" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law.", "title": "Treaty Clause" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin ``Ben ''Wyatt, is a character portrayed by Adam Scott in the TV series Parks and Recreation. The character guest starred in two episodes of season two and was upgraded to a series regular in season three. Ben is a state auditor who comes into Pawnee with Chris Traeger to evaluate the town's funds at the end of the second season. Ben began dating Leslie Knope in the season three episode`` Road Trip'' and married her in the season five episode ``Leslie and Ben. ''It is implied that he or Leslie or both later become the President of the United States. Ben Wyatt is a lover of all things calzones, sci - fi, and Game of Thrones.", "title": "Ben Wyatt (Parks and Recreation)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pawnee Rock Township is a township in Barton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 373.", "title": "Pawnee Rock Township, Barton County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Divernon Township is located in Sangamon County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,510 and it contained 677 housing units. Divernon Township formed from Pawnee Township on an unknown date, but before 1921.", "title": "Divernon Township, Sangamon County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States Congress passed an enabling act on March 3, 1875, specifying the requirements for the Territory of Colorado to become a state. On August 1, 1876 (28 days after the Centennial of the United States), U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting the state of Colorado to the Union as the 38th state and earning it the moniker ``Centennial State ''. The borders of the new state coincided with the borders established for the Colorado Territory.", "title": "History of Colorado" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Duncan's Retreat is a ghost town located just off Utah State Route 9 in the eastern part of Washington County, in southwestern Utah, United States. Lying some east of Virgin and just southwest of Zion National Park, Duncan's Retreat was inhabited about 1861–1895.", "title": "Duncan's Retreat, Utah" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pawnee National Grassland is a United States National Grassland located in northeastern Colorado on the Colorado Eastern Plains. The grassland is located in the South Platte River basin in remote northern and extreme northeastern Weld County between Greeley and Sterling. It comprises two parcels totaling largely between State Highway 14 and the Wyoming border. The larger eastern parcel lies adjacent to the borders of both Nebraska and Wyoming. It is administered in conjunction with the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest from the U.S. Forest Service office in Fort Collins, Colorado, with a local ranger district office in Greeley.", "title": "Pawnee National Grassland" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of Jersey City, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.", "title": "Liberty Island" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erik Bradley Imler (born June 1, 1971 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is a former soccer defender from the United States. He won national championships while playing at the University of Virginia before becoming part of the US team that competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.", "title": "Erik Imler" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pawnee Township is located in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,058 and it contained 1,275 housing units.", "title": "Pawnee Township, Sangamon County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grasslands National Park is a Canadian national park located near the village of Val Marie, Saskatchewan, and one of 44 national parks and park reserves in Canada's national park system (though one of only two in Saskatchewan itself). This national park is north from the American state of Montana and lies adjacent to the international boundary.", "title": "Grasslands National Park" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become treaties under international law.", "title": "Treaty Clause" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The region is known for supporting extensive cattle ranching and dry farming.", "title": "Great Plains" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ``Oath of Allegiance, ''8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens.", "title": "Oath of Allegiance (United States)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pawnee City is a city and county seat of Pawnee County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 878 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Pawnee City, Nebraska" } ]	When did the state containing the Pawnee National Grasslands become part of the US?	August 1, 1876	[]	Title: Pawnee Rock Township, Barton County, Kansas Passage: Pawnee Rock Township is a township in Barton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 373. Title: Joe Creason Park Passage: Joe Creason Park is a municipal park in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Located in the Poplar Level neighborhood, it is in roughly the central portion of the city. The park adjoins and connects to Beargrass Creek State Nature Preserve, and both were originally part of the same property prior to becoming parks. Title: Erik Imler Passage: Erik Bradley Imler (born June 1, 1971 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is a former soccer defender from the United States. He won national championships while playing at the University of Virginia before becoming part of the US team that competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Title: Oklahoma Passage: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2). Title: Pawnee National Grassland Passage: Pawnee National Grassland is a United States National Grassland located in northeastern Colorado on the Colorado Eastern Plains. The grassland is located in the South Platte River basin in remote northern and extreme northeastern Weld County between Greeley and Sterling. It comprises two parcels totaling largely between State Highway 14 and the Wyoming border. The larger eastern parcel lies adjacent to the borders of both Nebraska and Wyoming. It is administered in conjunction with the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest from the U.S. Forest Service office in Fort Collins, Colorado, with a local ranger district office in Greeley. Title: Jennings, Oklahoma Passage: Jennings is a town in Pawnee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 363 at the 2010 census, a 2.7 percent decline from 373 at the 2000 census. Title: Treaty Clause Passage: The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. Title: Ben Wyatt (Parks and Recreation) Passage: Benjamin ``Ben ''Wyatt, is a character portrayed by Adam Scott in the TV series Parks and Recreation. The character guest starred in two episodes of season two and was upgraded to a series regular in season three. Ben is a state auditor who comes into Pawnee with Chris Traeger to evaluate the town's funds at the end of the second season. Ben began dating Leslie Knope in the season three episode`` Road Trip'' and married her in the season five episode ``Leslie and Ben. ''It is implied that he or Leslie or both later become the President of the United States. Ben Wyatt is a lover of all things calzones, sci - fi, and Game of Thrones. Title: Treaty Clause Passage: The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become treaties under international law. Title: Duncan's Retreat, Utah Passage: Duncan's Retreat is a ghost town located just off Utah State Route 9 in the eastern part of Washington County, in southwestern Utah, United States. Lying some east of Virgin and just southwest of Zion National Park, Duncan's Retreat was inhabited about 1861–1895. Title: Liberty Island Passage: Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of Jersey City, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island. Title: Ben Wyatt (Parks and Recreation) Passage: Sir Benjamin ``Ben ''Wyatt KBE is a character portrayed by Adam Scott in the TV series Parks and Recreation. The character guest starred in two episodes of season two and was upgraded to a series regular in season three. Ben is a state auditor who comes into Pawnee with Chris Traeger to evaluate the town's funds at the end of the second season. Ben began dating Leslie Knope in the season three episode`` Road Trip'' and married her in the season five episode ``Leslie and Ben. ''It is implied that he or Leslie or both later become the President of the United States. Ben Wyatt is a lover of all things calzones, sci - fi, and Game of Thrones. Title: Divernon Township, Sangamon County, Illinois Passage: Divernon Township is located in Sangamon County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,510 and it contained 677 housing units. Divernon Township formed from Pawnee Township on an unknown date, but before 1921. Title: Pawnee City, Nebraska Passage: Pawnee City is a city and county seat of Pawnee County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 878 at the 2010 census. Title: Great Plains Passage: The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The region is known for supporting extensive cattle ranching and dry farming. Title: Samuel P. Taylor State Park Passage: Samuel P. Taylor State Park is a state park located in Marin County, California. It contains approximately of redwood and grassland. The park contains about of old-growth forest, some of which can be seen along the Pioneer Tree Trail. Title: History of Colorado Passage: The United States Congress passed an enabling act on March 3, 1875, specifying the requirements for the Territory of Colorado to become a state. On August 1, 1876 (28 days after the Centennial of the United States), U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting the state of Colorado to the Union as the 38th state and earning it the moniker ``Centennial State ''. The borders of the new state coincided with the borders established for the Colorado Territory. Title: Pawnee Township, Sangamon County, Illinois Passage: Pawnee Township is located in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,058 and it contained 1,275 housing units. Title: Oath of Allegiance (United States) Passage: The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ``Oath of Allegiance, ''8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens. Title: Grasslands National Park Passage: Grasslands National Park is a Canadian national park located near the village of Val Marie, Saskatchewan, and one of 44 national parks and park reserves in Canada's national park system (though one of only two in Saskatchewan itself). This national park is north from the American state of Montana and lies adjacent to the international boundary.	[ "History of Colorado", "Pawnee National Grassland" ]
2hop__844066_539716	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canfield-Morgan House, is located in Cedar Grove, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1845 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1995.", "title": "Canfield-Morgan House" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hebron is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Hebron is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The town's history has always been interconnected with Hebron Academy, a co-ed college preparatory boarding school which is located in the town's heart. The population was 1,416 at the 2010 census. There is an elementary school, Hebron Station School, located on Station Road.", "title": "Hebron, Maine" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hebron Township is a civil township of Cheboygan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 269.", "title": "Hebron Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ella Jean Canfield, née Garrett (October 4, 1919 – December 31, 2000) was a Canadian politician. She was the first woman ever elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, as well as the first woman to serve in the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island.", "title": "Jean Canfield" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC de la Rivière-Sainte-Marguerite is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) in the unorganized territory of the Mont-Valin, in Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec, Canada.", "title": "Zec de la Rivière-Sainte-Marguerite" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nahendeh is a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The district consists of Fort Liard, Fort Simpson, Jean Marie River, Nahanni Butte, Trout Lake and Wrigley.", "title": "Nahendeh" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hebron is a Canadian rural community in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. It is located in the township of Lot 8, Prince Edward Island, south of O'Leary.", "title": "Hebron, Prince Edward Island" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hebron is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 602 at the 2010 census. Settlements include the town center and the village of East Hebron.", "title": "Hebron, New Hampshire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beth-Zur (also Beit Tzur, Bethsura) is a biblical site of historic and archaeological importance in the mountains of Hebron in southern Judea, now part of the West Bank. Beth Zur is mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible and the writings of the Roman Jewish historian Josephus. The Battle of Beth-Zur took place here in 164 BCE.", "title": "Beth-zur" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canfield Island Site, also known as Archeological Site 36LY37, is an archaeological site in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located on Canfield Island in the West Branch Susquehanna River, the site lies east of the city of Williamsport in Loyalsock Township. It is believed to have been inhabited by prehistoric Native Americans for thousands of years, with the oldest discoveries dating back to more than one millennium before Christ.", "title": "Canfield Island Site" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" } ]	In which county of the province where Jean Canfield was born can Hebron be found?	Prince County	[]	Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Hebron, Prince Edward Island Passage: Hebron is a Canadian rural community in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. It is located in the township of Lot 8, Prince Edward Island, south of O'Leary. Title: Hebron, New Hampshire Passage: Hebron is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 602 at the 2010 census. Settlements include the town center and the village of East Hebron. Title: Hebron Township, Michigan Passage: Hebron Township is a civil township of Cheboygan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 269. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Nahendeh Passage: Nahendeh is a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The district consists of Fort Liard, Fort Simpson, Jean Marie River, Nahanni Butte, Trout Lake and Wrigley. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Canfield-Morgan House Passage: Canfield-Morgan House, is located in Cedar Grove, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1845 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1995. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Hebron, Maine Passage: Hebron is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Hebron is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The town's history has always been interconnected with Hebron Academy, a co-ed college preparatory boarding school which is located in the town's heart. The population was 1,416 at the 2010 census. There is an elementary school, Hebron Station School, located on Station Road. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Jean Canfield Passage: Ella Jean Canfield, née Garrett (October 4, 1919 – December 31, 2000) was a Canadian politician. She was the first woman ever elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, as well as the first woman to serve in the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Canfield Island Site Passage: The Canfield Island Site, also known as Archeological Site 36LY37, is an archaeological site in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located on Canfield Island in the West Branch Susquehanna River, the site lies east of the city of Williamsport in Loyalsock Township. It is believed to have been inhabited by prehistoric Native Americans for thousands of years, with the oldest discoveries dating back to more than one millennium before Christ. Title: Beth-zur Passage: Beth-Zur (also Beit Tzur, Bethsura) is a biblical site of historic and archaeological importance in the mountains of Hebron in southern Judea, now part of the West Bank. Beth Zur is mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible and the writings of the Roman Jewish historian Josephus. The Battle of Beth-Zur took place here in 164 BCE. Title: Zec de la Rivière-Sainte-Marguerite Passage: The ZEC de la Rivière-Sainte-Marguerite is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) in the unorganized territory of the Mont-Valin, in Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec, Canada.	[ "Jean Canfield", "Hebron, Prince Edward Island" ]
2hop__326692_24846	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Malari incident (; , short for \"Malapetaka Lima Belas Januari\", \"Fifteenth of January Disaster\") was a student demonstration and riot that happened from 15 to 16 January 1974. In reaction to a state visit by the Japanese Prime Minister, Kakuei Tanaka, students held a demonstration protesting corruption, high prices, and inequality in foreign investments. After provocation by suspected agent provocateurs, the demonstrations became riots, which eventually turned into a pogrom. By the end of the incident, 11 protestors had been killed and hundreds of cars and buildings destroyed.", "title": "Malari incident" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, the demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor. The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution. The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773.", "title": "Boston Tea Party" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avissawella electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Avissawella in Colombo District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Avissawella electoral district was replaced by the Colombo multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Avissawella continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.", "title": "Avissawella Electoral District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Quarter Storm () was a period of civil unrest in the Philippines, composed of a series of heavy demonstrations, protests, and marches against the government from January to March 1970, or the first quarter of 1970. Student activists played a large role in these demonstrations, expressing their condemnation of the country's economic crisis and rampant imperialism. These violent protests, along with the subsequent protests they inspired, were collectively a major factor that led to the declaration of Martial Law in 1972.", "title": "First Quarter Storm" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an event contrary to official Soviet history. The authorities did not crack down on demonstrators, which encouraged more and larger demonstrations throughout the Baltic States. The next major anniversary after the August 23 Molotov Pact demonstration was on November 18, the date of Latvia’s independence in 1918. On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Bavaria, King Ludwig I lost prestige because of his open relationship with his favourite mistress Lola Montez, a dancer and actress unacceptable to the aristocracy or the Church. She tried to launch liberal reforms through a Protestant prime minister, which outraged the state's Catholic conservatives. On February 9, conservatives came out onto the streets in protest. This February 9, 1848 demonstration was the first in that revolutionary year. It was an exception among the wave of liberal protests. The conservatives wanted to be rid of Lola Montez, and had no other political agenda. Liberal students took advantage of the Lola Montez affair to stress their demands for political change. All over Bavaria, students started demonstrating for constitutional reform, just as students were doing in other cities.", "title": "German revolutions of 1848–49" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor. The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution. The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773.", "title": "Boston Tea Party" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The \"Jeltoqsan\" (Kazakh for \"December\") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from the Russian SFSR. Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17, 1986, with 200 to 300 students in front of the Central Committee building on Brezhnev Square protesting Konayev's dismissal and replacement by a Russian. Protesters swelled to 1,000 to 5,000 as other students joined the crowd. The CPK Central Committee ordered troops from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, druzhiniki (volunteers), cadets, policemen, and the KGB to cordon the square and videotape the participants. The situation escalated around 5 p.m., as troops were ordered to disperse the protesters. Clashes between the security forces and the demonstrators continued throughout the night in Almaty.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2015, the Houston Astros announced that Tal's Hill would be removed as part of an organizational evaluation requested by owner Jim Crane. It was to be replaced with a new seating area and concession stands. The removal was scheduled for the end of the 2015 Major League Baseball season; however, the Astros reached the postseason, which delayed the work until after the 2016 season. The groundbreaking on removal took place on October 10, 2016. The removal of Tal's Hill was viewed as an example of variations in MLB ballparks being removed for financial gain and also in the pursuit of uniformity in MLB ballpark playing fields.", "title": "Minute Maid Park" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South Shore Protestant Regional School Board (SSPRSB) was a Protestant Christian school district in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It served the South Shore region, and it was headquartered in Saint-Lambert.", "title": "South Shore Protestant Regional School Board" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The events of the full - blown revolution began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania. One feature common to most of these developments was the extensive use of campaigns of civil resistance, demonstrating popular opposition to the continuation of one - party rule and contributing to the pressure for change. Romania was the only Eastern Bloc country whose people overthrew its Communist regime violently. Protests in Tiananmen Square (April to June 1989) failed to stimulate major political changes in China, but influential images of courageous defiance during that protest helped to precipitate events in other parts of the globe. On 4 June 1989 the trade union Solidarity won an overwhelming victory in a partially free election in Poland, leading to the peaceful fall of Communism in that country in the summer of 1989. Hungary began (June 1989) dismantling its section of the physical Iron Curtain, leading to a exodus of East Germans through Hungary, which destabilised East Germany. This led to mass demonstrations in cities such as Leipzig and subsequently to the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which served as the symbolic gateway to German reunification in 1990.", "title": "Revolutions of 1989" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn (, ; 11 August 1911 – 16 June 2004) was a military dictator of Thailand. A staunch anti-communist, Thanom oversaw a decade of military rule in Thailand from 1963 to 1973, during which he staged a self-coup, until public protests which exploded into violence forced him to step down. His return from exile in 1976 sparked protests which led to a massacre of demonstrators, followed by a military coup.", "title": "Thanom Kittikachorn" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ayagoz (, \"Aıagóz aýdany\"; اياكٶز اۋدانى) is a district of East Kazakhstan Region in eastern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Ayagoz. Population:", "title": "Ayagoz District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nasser appointed himself the additional roles of prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces on 19 June 1967. Angry at the military court's perceived leniency with air force officers charged with negligence during the 1967 war, workers and students launched protests calling for major political reforms in late February 1968. Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU). By 3 March, Nasser directed Egypt's intelligence apparatus to focus on external rather than domestic espionage, and declared the \"fall of the mukhabarat state\".", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(The ruling PUP reportedly planned a counter-demonstration.) This was a large demonstration outside the National Assembly building in Belmopan which ended in violence. Protesters threw rocks at the police, who responded with rubber bullets and riot gas. The gunfire and sirens were audible at a distance of at least 1 km. At least one larger booming sound, significantly louder than gunfire, was heard; the cause of this is unclear.", "title": "2005 Belize unrest" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Jyllands-Posten\" Muhammad cartoons controversy (or Muhammad cartoons crisis) (Danish: \"Muhammedkrisen\") began after the Danish newspaper \"Jyllands-Posten\" published 12 editorial cartoons on 30 September 2005, most of which depicted Muhammad, a principal figure of the religion of Islam. The newspaper announced that this was an attempt to contribute to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Muslim groups in Denmark complained, and the issue eventually led to protests around the world, including violent demonstrations and riots in some Muslim countries.", "title": "Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once the march was underway. The demonstration was led by Armenian writers such as Silva Kaputikian, Zori Balayan, and Maro Margarian and leaders from the National Survival organization. The march originated at the Opera Plaza after speakers, mainly intellectuals, addressed the crowd.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet \"reunification\" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 30,000 people. On October 15, several thousand people gathered in Chervonohrad, Chernivtsi, Rivne, and Zhytomyr; 500 in Dnipropetrovsk; and 30,000 in Lviv to protest the election law. On October 20, faithful and clergy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church participated in a synod in Lviv, the first since its forced liquidation in the 1930s.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Euromaidan (; , , , literally \"Euro[pean] Square\") was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (\"Independence Square\") in Kiev. The protests were sparked by the Ukrainian government's decision to suspend the signing of an association agreement with the European Union, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. The scope of the protests soon widened, with calls for the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government. The protests were fueled by the perception of \"widespread government corruption\", \"abuse of power\", and \"violation of human rights in Ukraine\". Transparency International named President Yanukovych as the top example of corruption in the world. The situation escalated after the violent dispersal of protesters on 30 November, leading to many more protesters joining. The protests led to the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.", "title": "Euromaidan" } ]	When were the first demonstrations in the country where Ayagoz District is found, protesting the removal and replacement of Konayev?	December 17, 1986	[]	Title: Boston Tea Party Passage: The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor. The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution. The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773. Title: Euromaidan Passage: Euromaidan (; , , , literally "Euro[pean] Square") was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti ("Independence Square") in Kiev. The protests were sparked by the Ukrainian government's decision to suspend the signing of an association agreement with the European Union, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. The scope of the protests soon widened, with calls for the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government. The protests were fueled by the perception of "widespread government corruption", "abuse of power", and "violation of human rights in Ukraine". Transparency International named President Yanukovych as the top example of corruption in the world. The situation escalated after the violent dispersal of protesters on 30 November, leading to many more protesters joining. The protests led to the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Title: Gamal Abdel Nasser Passage: Nasser appointed himself the additional roles of prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces on 19 June 1967. Angry at the military court's perceived leniency with air force officers charged with negligence during the 1967 war, workers and students launched protests calling for major political reforms in late February 1968. Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU). By 3 March, Nasser directed Egypt's intelligence apparatus to focus on external rather than domestic espionage, and declared the "fall of the mukhabarat state". Title: Boston Tea Party Passage: The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, the demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor. The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution. The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773. Title: Ayagoz District Passage: Ayagoz (, "Aıagóz aýdany"; اياكٶز اۋدانى) is a district of East Kazakhstan Region in eastern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Ayagoz. Population: Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a "small demonstration" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 30,000 people. On October 15, several thousand people gathered in Chervonohrad, Chernivtsi, Rivne, and Zhytomyr; 500 in Dnipropetrovsk; and 30,000 in Lviv to protest the election law. On October 20, faithful and clergy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church participated in a synod in Lviv, the first since its forced liquidation in the 1930s. Title: Revolutions of 1989 Passage: The events of the full - blown revolution began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania. One feature common to most of these developments was the extensive use of campaigns of civil resistance, demonstrating popular opposition to the continuation of one - party rule and contributing to the pressure for change. Romania was the only Eastern Bloc country whose people overthrew its Communist regime violently. Protests in Tiananmen Square (April to June 1989) failed to stimulate major political changes in China, but influential images of courageous defiance during that protest helped to precipitate events in other parts of the globe. On 4 June 1989 the trade union Solidarity won an overwhelming victory in a partially free election in Poland, leading to the peaceful fall of Communism in that country in the summer of 1989. Hungary began (June 1989) dismantling its section of the physical Iron Curtain, leading to a exodus of East Germans through Hungary, which destabilised East Germany. This led to mass demonstrations in cities such as Leipzig and subsequently to the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which served as the symbolic gateway to German reunification in 1990. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: On October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once the march was underway. The demonstration was led by Armenian writers such as Silva Kaputikian, Zori Balayan, and Maro Margarian and leaders from the National Survival organization. The march originated at the Opera Plaza after speakers, mainly intellectuals, addressed the crowd. Title: First Quarter Storm Passage: The First Quarter Storm () was a period of civil unrest in the Philippines, composed of a series of heavy demonstrations, protests, and marches against the government from January to March 1970, or the first quarter of 1970. Student activists played a large role in these demonstrations, expressing their condemnation of the country's economic crisis and rampant imperialism. These violent protests, along with the subsequent protests they inspired, were collectively a major factor that led to the declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Title: Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy Passage: The "Jyllands-Posten" Muhammad cartoons controversy (or Muhammad cartoons crisis) (Danish: "Muhammedkrisen") began after the Danish newspaper "Jyllands-Posten" published 12 editorial cartoons on 30 September 2005, most of which depicted Muhammad, a principal figure of the religion of Islam. The newspaper announced that this was an attempt to contribute to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Muslim groups in Denmark complained, and the issue eventually led to protests around the world, including violent demonstrations and riots in some Muslim countries. Title: 2005 Belize unrest Passage: (The ruling PUP reportedly planned a counter-demonstration.) This was a large demonstration outside the National Assembly building in Belmopan which ended in violence. Protesters threw rocks at the police, who responded with rubber bullets and riot gas. The gunfire and sirens were audible at a distance of at least 1 km. At least one larger booming sound, significantly louder than gunfire, was heard; the cause of this is unclear. Title: Thanom Kittikachorn Passage: Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn (, ; 11 August 1911 – 16 June 2004) was a military dictator of Thailand. A staunch anti-communist, Thanom oversaw a decade of military rule in Thailand from 1963 to 1973, during which he staged a self-coup, until public protests which exploded into violence forced him to step down. His return from exile in 1976 sparked protests which led to a massacre of demonstrators, followed by a military coup. Title: Malari incident Passage: The Malari incident (; , short for "Malapetaka Lima Belas Januari", "Fifteenth of January Disaster") was a student demonstration and riot that happened from 15 to 16 January 1974. In reaction to a state visit by the Japanese Prime Minister, Kakuei Tanaka, students held a demonstration protesting corruption, high prices, and inequality in foreign investments. After provocation by suspected agent provocateurs, the demonstrations became riots, which eventually turned into a pogrom. By the end of the incident, 11 protestors had been killed and hundreds of cars and buildings destroyed. Title: South Shore Protestant Regional School Board Passage: The South Shore Protestant Regional School Board (SSPRSB) was a Protestant Christian school district in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It served the South Shore region, and it was headquartered in Saint-Lambert. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: The "Jeltoqsan" (Kazakh for "December") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from the Russian SFSR. Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17, 1986, with 200 to 300 students in front of the Central Committee building on Brezhnev Square protesting Konayev's dismissal and replacement by a Russian. Protesters swelled to 1,000 to 5,000 as other students joined the crowd. The CPK Central Committee ordered troops from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, druzhiniki (volunteers), cadets, policemen, and the KGB to cordon the square and videotape the participants. The situation escalated around 5 p.m., as troops were ordered to disperse the protesters. Clashes between the security forces and the demonstrators continued throughout the night in Almaty. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: On June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an event contrary to official Soviet history. The authorities did not crack down on demonstrators, which encouraged more and larger demonstrations throughout the Baltic States. The next major anniversary after the August 23 Molotov Pact demonstration was on November 18, the date of Latvia’s independence in 1918. On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless. Title: Avissawella Electoral District Passage: Avissawella electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Avissawella in Colombo District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Avissawella electoral district was replaced by the Colombo multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Avissawella continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district. Title: German revolutions of 1848–49 Passage: In Bavaria, King Ludwig I lost prestige because of his open relationship with his favourite mistress Lola Montez, a dancer and actress unacceptable to the aristocracy or the Church. She tried to launch liberal reforms through a Protestant prime minister, which outraged the state's Catholic conservatives. On February 9, conservatives came out onto the streets in protest. This February 9, 1848 demonstration was the first in that revolutionary year. It was an exception among the wave of liberal protests. The conservatives wanted to be rid of Lola Montez, and had no other political agenda. Liberal students took advantage of the Lola Montez affair to stress their demands for political change. All over Bavaria, students started demonstrating for constitutional reform, just as students were doing in other cities. Title: Minute Maid Park Passage: In 2015, the Houston Astros announced that Tal's Hill would be removed as part of an organizational evaluation requested by owner Jim Crane. It was to be replaced with a new seating area and concession stands. The removal was scheduled for the end of the 2015 Major League Baseball season; however, the Astros reached the postseason, which delayed the work until after the 2016 season. The groundbreaking on removal took place on October 10, 2016. The removal of Tal's Hill was viewed as an example of variations in MLB ballparks being removed for financial gain and also in the pursuit of uniformity in MLB ballpark playing fields.	[ "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "Ayagoz District" ]
3hop1__314513_106790_159613	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League.", "title": "League of Nations" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not ''is a song written by Jim Collins and David Lee Murphy, and recorded by American country music duo Thompson Square. It was released in July 2010 as the second single from their self - titled debut album, which was released on February 8, 2011. The song has been certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA. On November 30, the band received two nominations in 54th Grammy Awards for the song in Best Country Duo / Group Performance and Best Country Song but lost to`` Barton Hollow'' by The Civil Wars and ``Mean ''by Taylor Swift, respectively.", "title": "Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus was awarded in 1969 (as Best Contemporary Pop Performance, Chorus) and in 1970. In some years, the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal also included performances by a chorus.", "title": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"People Are Crazy\" is a song written by Bobby Braddock and Troy Jones and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in March 2009 as the second single from Currington’s 2008 album \"Little Bit of Everything\". The song became Currington's third number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. On December 2, 2009, the song was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song. The song was also nominated for \"Song of the Year\" at the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards.", "title": "People Are Crazy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Famous in a Small Town\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in April 2007 as the second single from her album \"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\". It was Lambert's second Top 20 hit on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 2008.", "title": "Famous in a Small Town" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1992 by guitarist Peter Svensson, bassist Magnus Sveningsson, drummer Bengt Lagerberg, keyboardist Lars-Olof Johansson and lead singer Nina Persson. The group's line-up has been very stable, the only change being that their post-hiatus shows since 2012 have been with Oskar Humlebo on guitar instead of Svensson.", "title": "The Cardigans" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chris Kontos (born June 25, 1968) is a Greek-American drummer, born in New York City. As a former drummer of the metal band Machine Head, he performed on their first album, \"Burn My Eyes\". He and the band parted ways in 1995, before their second album; Kontos will perform with Machine Head for the first time in 24 years with a tour celebrating the 25th anniversary of the release of \"Burn My Eyes\" in 2019, though he is not officially rejoining the band. He played in many bands and projects before and after that period of time, including Testament, Konkhra, Attitude Adjustment, Exodus, Death Angel, and Verbal Abuse.", "title": "Chris Kontos (musician)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All My Ex's Live In Texas ''is a song written by Sanger D. Shafer and Linda J. Shafer, and recorded by American country singer George Strait. It was released in April 1987 as the second single from Strait's album Ocean Front Property.`` All My Ex's Live In Texas'' was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 1988 Grammy Awards.", "title": "All My Ex's Live in Texas" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Make Her Say\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kid Cudi, released as the second single from his debut album \"\" (2009). The single was digitally released to iTunes on June 9, 2009. It features fellow American rappers Common and Kanye West, the latter of whom also produced the song. The song is perhaps best known for its sample of \"Poker Face\", as performed by Lady Gaga. The song received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 52nd Grammy Awards.", "title": "Make Her Say" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Come On Over is the third studio album recorded by Canadian singer Shania Twain. It was released on November 4, 1997. It became the best - selling country music album, the best - selling studio album by a female act, and the best selling album by a Canadian. It is the sixth best - selling album in the United States.", "title": "Come On Over" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peace and Noise is the seventh studio album by Patti Smith, released September 30, 1997 on Arista Records. \"Uncut\" magazine ranked the album 21st best of the year. Song \"1959\" was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance in 1998.", "title": "Peace and Noise" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``It Must Have Been Love ''is a song written by Per Gessle and performed by the Swedish pop duo Roxette. The ballad became the duo's third number one hit in the United States, and is one of their best selling releases, being certified gold or platinum in a number of countries.", "title": "It Must Have Been Love" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willow in the Wind is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in 1989 (see 1989 in country music) on Mercury Records. The album is her highest-peaking entry on the Top Country Albums charts, where it reached number 6. It was also certified gold by the RIAA. Four singles were released from it, and all four reached Top Ten on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. First were the back-to-back number 1 hits \"Come from the Heart\" and \"Burnin' Old Memories\", followed by the number 10 \"Where've You Been\" and number 2 \"She Came from Fort Worth\". \"Where've You Been\" was also a minor hit on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts, peaking at number 25 there. This song also earned her the 1990 Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance.", "title": "Willow in the Wind" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Best Days\" is an American pop song performed by Graham Colton from his solo debut album, \"Here Right Now\", released on Universal Republic Records October 30, 2007.", "title": "Best Days (Graham Colton song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'd Be Better Off (In a Pine Box) ''is the title of a debut single written by Johnny MacRae and Steve Clark, and recorded by American country music artist Doug Stone. It was released in February 1990 as the first single from his self titled debut album. It peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and # 5 on The Canadian RPM Tracks chart. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance.", "title": "I'd Be Better Off (In a Pine Box)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N 'Roses related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ``reunited ''lineup will headline Coachella 2016. Rose was set to appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! the following week to talk about the future of the band, but his appearance was cancelled due to`` unforeseen circumstances''. Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan are rejoining the band. The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T - Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. On March 25, 2016, the band announced 21 cities as part of a North American tour, dubbed the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. Additional legs of the tour were added for Latin America, Asia and Oceania through 2017. Later on, a second North American Leg was added for 2017.", "title": "Guns N' Roses" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Best Of is a greatest hits album by the Swedish group The Cardigans, released in Europe in January 2008. It contains twenty-one singles and album tracks. There is also a double-CD version with rare tracks and B-sides. Both versions of the album contain no new songs, though some tracks had previously been released only in the UK or Japan.", "title": "Best Of (The Cardigans album)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Academy Award for Best Actor The 2018 recipient: Gary Oldman Awarded for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role Country United States Presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) First awarded Emil Jannings The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh 1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927 / 1928 film season) Currently held by Gary Oldman Darkest Hour (2017) Website oscars.org", "title": "Academy Award for Best Actor" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.", "title": "Barbara Aland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1997, John performed a rewritten version of the song as a tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales. This version of the song was released as a single and reached No. 1 in many countries, proving a much greater success than the original, officially being listed as the second best - selling single of all time, behind Bing Crosby's ``White Christmas ''.", "title": "Candle in the Wind" } ]	When did Alanders rejoin the country the performers of Best Of are from?	December 1917	[]	Title: All My Ex's Live in Texas Passage: ``All My Ex's Live In Texas ''is a song written by Sanger D. Shafer and Linda J. Shafer, and recorded by American country singer George Strait. It was released in April 1987 as the second single from Strait's album Ocean Front Property.`` All My Ex's Live In Texas'' was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 1988 Grammy Awards. Title: Best Days (Graham Colton song) Passage: "Best Days" is an American pop song performed by Graham Colton from his solo debut album, "Here Right Now", released on Universal Republic Records October 30, 2007. Title: Candle in the Wind Passage: In 1997, John performed a rewritten version of the song as a tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales. This version of the song was released as a single and reached No. 1 in many countries, proving a much greater success than the original, officially being listed as the second best - selling single of all time, behind Bing Crosby's ``White Christmas ''. Title: Come On Over Passage: Come On Over is the third studio album recorded by Canadian singer Shania Twain. It was released on November 4, 1997. It became the best - selling country music album, the best - selling studio album by a female act, and the best selling album by a Canadian. It is the sixth best - selling album in the United States. Title: Academy Award for Best Actor Passage: Academy Award for Best Actor The 2018 recipient: Gary Oldman Awarded for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role Country United States Presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) First awarded Emil Jannings The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh 1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927 / 1928 film season) Currently held by Gary Oldman Darkest Hour (2017) Website oscars.org Title: I'd Be Better Off (In a Pine Box) Passage: ``I'd Be Better Off (In a Pine Box) ''is the title of a debut single written by Johnny MacRae and Steve Clark, and recorded by American country music artist Doug Stone. It was released in February 1990 as the first single from his self titled debut album. It peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and # 5 on The Canadian RPM Tracks chart. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance. Title: Peace and Noise Passage: Peace and Noise is the seventh studio album by Patti Smith, released September 30, 1997 on Arista Records. "Uncut" magazine ranked the album 21st best of the year. Song "1959" was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance in 1998. Title: Best Of (The Cardigans album) Passage: Best Of is a greatest hits album by the Swedish group The Cardigans, released in Europe in January 2008. It contains twenty-one singles and album tracks. There is also a double-CD version with rare tracks and B-sides. Both versions of the album contain no new songs, though some tracks had previously been released only in the UK or Japan. Title: Guns N' Roses Passage: On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N 'Roses related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ``reunited ''lineup will headline Coachella 2016. Rose was set to appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! the following week to talk about the future of the band, but his appearance was cancelled due to`` unforeseen circumstances''. Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan are rejoining the band. The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T - Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. On March 25, 2016, the band announced 21 cities as part of a North American tour, dubbed the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. Additional legs of the tour were added for Latin America, Asia and Oceania through 2017. Later on, a second North American Leg was added for 2017. Title: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus Passage: The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus was awarded in 1969 (as Best Contemporary Pop Performance, Chorus) and in 1970. In some years, the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal also included performances by a chorus. Title: Willow in the Wind Passage: Willow in the Wind is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in 1989 (see 1989 in country music) on Mercury Records. The album is her highest-peaking entry on the Top Country Albums charts, where it reached number 6. It was also certified gold by the RIAA. Four singles were released from it, and all four reached Top Ten on the "Billboard" country singles charts. First were the back-to-back number 1 hits "Come from the Heart" and "Burnin' Old Memories", followed by the number 10 "Where've You Been" and number 2 "She Came from Fort Worth". "Where've You Been" was also a minor hit on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts, peaking at number 25 there. This song also earned her the 1990 Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. Title: Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not Passage: ``Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not ''is a song written by Jim Collins and David Lee Murphy, and recorded by American country music duo Thompson Square. It was released in July 2010 as the second single from their self - titled debut album, which was released on February 8, 2011. The song has been certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA. On November 30, the band received two nominations in 54th Grammy Awards for the song in Best Country Duo / Group Performance and Best Country Song but lost to`` Barton Hollow'' by The Civil Wars and ``Mean ''by Taylor Swift, respectively. Title: It Must Have Been Love Passage: ``It Must Have Been Love ''is a song written by Per Gessle and performed by the Swedish pop duo Roxette. The ballad became the duo's third number one hit in the United States, and is one of their best selling releases, being certified gold or platinum in a number of countries. Title: People Are Crazy Passage: "People Are Crazy" is a song written by Bobby Braddock and Troy Jones and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in March 2009 as the second single from Currington’s 2008 album "Little Bit of Everything". The song became Currington's third number one hit on the US "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart. On December 2, 2009, the song was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song. The song was also nominated for "Song of the Year" at the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards. Title: Make Her Say Passage: "Make Her Say" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kid Cudi, released as the second single from his debut album "" (2009). The single was digitally released to iTunes on June 9, 2009. It features fellow American rappers Common and Kanye West, the latter of whom also produced the song. The song is perhaps best known for its sample of "Poker Face", as performed by Lady Gaga. The song received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Title: Famous in a Small Town Passage: "Famous in a Small Town" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in April 2007 as the second single from her album "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend". It was Lambert's second Top 20 hit on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 2008. Title: League of Nations Passage: Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League. Title: Barbara Aland Passage: Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002. Title: The Cardigans Passage: The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1992 by guitarist Peter Svensson, bassist Magnus Sveningsson, drummer Bengt Lagerberg, keyboardist Lars-Olof Johansson and lead singer Nina Persson. The group's line-up has been very stable, the only change being that their post-hiatus shows since 2012 have been with Oskar Humlebo on guitar instead of Svensson. Title: Chris Kontos (musician) Passage: Chris Kontos (born June 25, 1968) is a Greek-American drummer, born in New York City. As a former drummer of the metal band Machine Head, he performed on their first album, "Burn My Eyes". He and the band parted ways in 1995, before their second album; Kontos will perform with Machine Head for the first time in 24 years with a tour celebrating the 25th anniversary of the release of "Burn My Eyes" in 2019, though he is not officially rejoining the band. He played in many bands and projects before and after that period of time, including Testament, Konkhra, Attitude Adjustment, Exodus, Death Angel, and Verbal Abuse.	[ "League of Nations", "The Cardigans", "Best Of (The Cardigans album)" ]
3hop1__53235_762096_90300	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.", "title": "Gonzales County, Texas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Portuguese pronunciation: (bɾaˈziw)), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help info)), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth - largest country by area and the sixth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.", "title": "Brazil" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (French: (kanadɑ)) is a country located in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,404 sq.mi (58,026 km2); (13,237 square miles, 34,284 km2 lying in Michigan state, 7,358 square miles, 19,056 km2 in Wisconsin, 234 square miles, 606 km2 in Indiana, & 1,576 square miles, 4,079 km2 in Illinois) making it the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area (Lake Baikal, in Russia, is larger by water volume), and the fifth-largest lake in the world. It is the larger half of Lake Michigan–Huron, which is the largest body of fresh water in the world by surface area. It is 307 miles (494 km) long by 118 miles (190 km) wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles (2,640 km) long. The lake's average depth is 46 fathoms 3 feet (279 ft; 85 m), while its greatest depth is 153 fathoms 5 feet (923 ft; 281 m). It contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles (4,918 km³) of water. Green Bay in the northwest is its largest bay. Grand Traverse Bay in its northeast is another large bay. Lake Michigan's deepest region, which lies in its northern-half, is called Chippewa Basin (named after prehistoric Lake Chippewa) and is separated from South Chippewa Basin, by a relatively deeper area called the Mid Lake Plateau.", "title": "Lake Michigan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic.", "title": "Kazakhstan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Funafuti is an atoll and the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 6,025 people, making it the country's most populated atoll, with 56.6 percent of Tuvalu's population. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres (66 and 1,312 feet) wide, encircling a large lagoon (Te Namo) 18 km (11 miles) long and 14 km (9 miles) wide. The average depth in the Funafuti lagoon is about 20 fathoms (36.5 metres or 120 feet). With a surface of 275 square kilometres (106.2 sq mi), it is by far the largest lagoon in Tuvalu. The land area of the 33 islets aggregates to 2.4 square kilometres (0.9 sq mi), less than one percent of the total area of the atoll. Cargo ships can enter Funafuti's lagoon and dock at the port facilities on Fongafale.", "title": "Funafuti" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place", "title": "List of counties in Georgia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April.", "title": "Climate of Moscow" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Larchmont Chronicle is a monthly community newspaper serving Larchmont Village, Hancock Park, Windsor Square, Fremont Place, Park La Brea and Miracle Mile in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is independently owned.", "title": "Larchmont Chronicle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country Area (km2) Notes Russia * 3,972,400 17,098,242 including North Asia Ukraine 603,628 This includes Crimea France * 551,394 643,801 when the overseas departments are included Spain * 498,468 505,992 when the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are included Sweden 449,964 6 Norway 385,178 This includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen 7 Germany 357,168 8 Finland 338,145 9 Poland 312,685 10 Italy 301,338 11 United Kingdom 248,532 1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included. 12 Romania 238,392 13 Belarus 207,600 14 Kazakhstan * 180,000 (est.) 2,724,902 including Asian part 15 Greece 131,940 16 Bulgaria 110,994 17 Iceland 102,775 18 Hungary 93,030 19 Portugal 91,568 20 Austria 83,858 21 Czech Republic 78,866 22 Serbia 77,453 This excludes Kosovo 23 Ireland 70,273 24 Lithuania 65,300 25 Latvia 64,589 26 Croatia 56,594 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 28 Slovakia 49,036 29 Estonia 45,339 30 Denmark 44,493 This includes Faroe Islands; 2,210,579 including Greenland 31 Switzerland 41,290 32 Netherlands 41,198 Excluding Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten. 33 Moldova 33,846 34 Belgium 30,510 35 Albania 28,748 36 Macedonia (Former Yugoslavian Republic) 25,713 37 Turkey * 23,507 783,562 including Asian part 38 Slovenia 20,273 39 Montenegro 13,812 40 Kosovo 10,908 Partially recognized state 41 Cyprus 9,251 42 Azerbaijan * 6,960 86,600 including Asian part 43 Luxembourg 2,586 44 Georgia * 2,428 69,700 including Asian part 45 Andorra 468 46 Malta 316 47 Liechtenstein 160 48 San Marino 61 49 Monaco 1.95 50 Vatican City 0.44 Total 10,141,183 ± 5,000", "title": "List of European countries by area" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Moscow. Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through snow up to their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge.", "title": "Napoleon" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes islands consist of about 35,000 islands (scattered throughout Great Lakes), created by uneven glacial activity in the Great Lakes Basin in Canada (Ontario) and the United States. The largest of these is Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron in the province of Ontario. At 1,068 square miles (2,766 km2), it is the largest lake island in the world.", "title": "List of islands of the Great Lakes" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.", "title": "Sydney" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.", "title": "Washington County, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile (877 km) border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south and Idaho to the west and southwest.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As soon as the Truce of Plussa expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law, Fyodor I of Russia, marched from Moscow towards Novgorod. On 18 January they crossed the Narva River and laid siege to the Swedish castle of Narva, commanded by Arvid Stålarm. Another important fortress, Jama (Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravaged Estonia as far as Reval (Tallinn) and Finland as far as Helsingfors (Helsinki).", "title": "Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Milford Flat Fire was the largest wildfire in Utah history. It was started by lightning on Friday, July 6, 2007 at 3:45 pm near Milford, Utah. The fire burned 363,052 acres (567 square miles) and caused large stretches of I-15 to be temporarily closed. Many veteran firefighters had stated this was the fastest-moving fire they had ever seen.", "title": "Milford Flat Fire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cimitero monumentale di Staglieno is an extensive cemetery located on a hillside in the district of Staglieno of Genoa, Italy, famous for its monumental sculpture. Covering an area of more than a square kilometre, it is one of the largest cemeteries in Europe.", "title": "Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trg Slobode or Freedom Square () is the main town square in Nikšić, Montenegro. It's the largest town square in the country. Numerous cafés and restaurants are located on the square, as well as many stores, banks and an art gallery. It also serves as one of the main concert venues in the city.", "title": "Freedom Square, Nikšić" } ]	When does it start to snow in the place of death of Feodor I, who was formerly of the largest country in europe by square miles?	the beginning of November	[]	Title: Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) Passage: As soon as the Truce of Plussa expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law, Fyodor I of Russia, marched from Moscow towards Novgorod. On 18 January they crossed the Narva River and laid siege to the Swedish castle of Narva, commanded by Arvid Stålarm. Another important fortress, Jama (Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravaged Estonia as far as Reval (Tallinn) and Finland as far as Helsingfors (Helsinki). Title: List of European countries by area Passage: Rank Country Area (km2) Notes Russia * 3,972,400 17,098,242 including North Asia Ukraine 603,628 This includes Crimea France * 551,394 643,801 when the overseas departments are included Spain * 498,468 505,992 when the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are included Sweden 449,964 6 Norway 385,178 This includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen 7 Germany 357,168 8 Finland 338,145 9 Poland 312,685 10 Italy 301,338 11 United Kingdom 248,532 1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included. 12 Romania 238,392 13 Belarus 207,600 14 Kazakhstan * 180,000 (est.) 2,724,902 including Asian part 15 Greece 131,940 16 Bulgaria 110,994 17 Iceland 102,775 18 Hungary 93,030 19 Portugal 91,568 20 Austria 83,858 21 Czech Republic 78,866 22 Serbia 77,453 This excludes Kosovo 23 Ireland 70,273 24 Lithuania 65,300 25 Latvia 64,589 26 Croatia 56,594 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 28 Slovakia 49,036 29 Estonia 45,339 30 Denmark 44,493 This includes Faroe Islands; 2,210,579 including Greenland 31 Switzerland 41,290 32 Netherlands 41,198 Excluding Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten. 33 Moldova 33,846 34 Belgium 30,510 35 Albania 28,748 36 Macedonia (Former Yugoslavian Republic) 25,713 37 Turkey * 23,507 783,562 including Asian part 38 Slovenia 20,273 39 Montenegro 13,812 40 Kosovo 10,908 Partially recognized state 41 Cyprus 9,251 42 Azerbaijan * 6,960 86,600 including Asian part 43 Luxembourg 2,586 44 Georgia * 2,428 69,700 including Asian part 45 Andorra 468 46 Malta 316 47 Liechtenstein 160 48 San Marino 61 49 Monaco 1.95 50 Vatican City 0.44 Total 10,141,183 ± 5,000 Title: List of islands of the Great Lakes Passage: The Great Lakes islands consist of about 35,000 islands (scattered throughout Great Lakes), created by uneven glacial activity in the Great Lakes Basin in Canada (Ontario) and the United States. The largest of these is Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron in the province of Ontario. At 1,068 square miles (2,766 km2), it is the largest lake island in the world. Title: Washington County, Wisconsin Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area. Title: Montana Passage: With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile (877 km) border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south and Idaho to the west and southwest. Title: Sweden Passage: At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level. Title: List of counties in Georgia Passage: Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place Title: Milford Flat Fire Passage: The Milford Flat Fire was the largest wildfire in Utah history. It was started by lightning on Friday, July 6, 2007 at 3:45 pm near Milford, Utah. The fire burned 363,052 acres (567 square miles) and caused large stretches of I-15 to be temporarily closed. Many veteran firefighters had stated this was the fastest-moving fire they had ever seen. Title: Sydney Passage: Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. Title: Funafuti Passage: Funafuti is an atoll and the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 6,025 people, making it the country's most populated atoll, with 56.6 percent of Tuvalu's population. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres (66 and 1,312 feet) wide, encircling a large lagoon (Te Namo) 18 km (11 miles) long and 14 km (9 miles) wide. The average depth in the Funafuti lagoon is about 20 fathoms (36.5 metres or 120 feet). With a surface of 275 square kilometres (106.2 sq mi), it is by far the largest lagoon in Tuvalu. The land area of the 33 islets aggregates to 2.4 square kilometres (0.9 sq mi), less than one percent of the total area of the atoll. Cargo ships can enter Funafuti's lagoon and dock at the port facilities on Fongafale. Title: Napoleon Passage: The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Moscow. Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through snow up to their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge. Title: Freedom Square, Nikšić Passage: Trg Slobode or Freedom Square () is the main town square in Nikšić, Montenegro. It's the largest town square in the country. Numerous cafés and restaurants are located on the square, as well as many stores, banks and an art gallery. It also serves as one of the main concert venues in the city. Title: Larchmont Chronicle Passage: The Larchmont Chronicle is a monthly community newspaper serving Larchmont Village, Hancock Park, Windsor Square, Fremont Place, Park La Brea and Miracle Mile in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is independently owned. Title: Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno Passage: The Cimitero monumentale di Staglieno is an extensive cemetery located on a hillside in the district of Staglieno of Genoa, Italy, famous for its monumental sculpture. Covering an area of more than a square kilometre, it is one of the largest cemeteries in Europe. Title: Lake Michigan Passage: Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,404 sq.mi (58,026 km2); (13,237 square miles, 34,284 km2 lying in Michigan state, 7,358 square miles, 19,056 km2 in Wisconsin, 234 square miles, 606 km2 in Indiana, & 1,576 square miles, 4,079 km2 in Illinois) making it the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area (Lake Baikal, in Russia, is larger by water volume), and the fifth-largest lake in the world. It is the larger half of Lake Michigan–Huron, which is the largest body of fresh water in the world by surface area. It is 307 miles (494 km) long by 118 miles (190 km) wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles (2,640 km) long. The lake's average depth is 46 fathoms 3 feet (279 ft; 85 m), while its greatest depth is 153 fathoms 5 feet (923 ft; 281 m). It contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles (4,918 km³) of water. Green Bay in the northwest is its largest bay. Grand Traverse Bay in its northeast is another large bay. Lake Michigan's deepest region, which lies in its northern-half, is called Chippewa Basin (named after prehistoric Lake Chippewa) and is separated from South Chippewa Basin, by a relatively deeper area called the Mid Lake Plateau. Title: Gonzales County, Texas Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water. Title: Kazakhstan Passage: With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic. Title: Climate of Moscow Passage: Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April. Title: Canada Passage: Canada (French: (kanadɑ)) is a country located in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons. Title: Brazil Passage: Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Portuguese pronunciation: (bɾaˈziw)), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help info)), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth - largest country by area and the sixth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.	[ "Climate of Moscow", "List of European countries by area", "Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)" ]
2hop__763486_60747	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.", "title": "Tuvalu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Samuel E. Fishburn (May 15, 1893 – April 11, 1965) was an American Major League Baseball player from Haverhill, Massachusetts, who appeared in 9 games for the 1919 St. Louis Cardinals. An alumnus of Lehigh University, Fishburn died in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Sam Fishburn" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.", "title": "Bermuda" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.", "title": "Cleveland Indians" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins.", "title": "Spring training" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lou Yun began gymnastics training at the Hangzhou Sports School for Amateurs, and in the same year he also entered the provincial sports school of Zhejiang. He was selected for the National Gymnastics team in 1977. Known for his specialty in the vault, he won the 1987 World Championships in that event, in addition to his two gold medals.", "title": "Lou Yun" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics", "title": "Kabaddi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam Posey (born May 26, 1944, in New York City, New York) is a retired American racing driver and sports broadcast journalist.", "title": "Sam Posey" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field and are the defending American League champions. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with eight Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought, and through 2016 is the fifth - longest in baseball history.", "title": "Cleveland Indians" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium Roger Dean Stadium pictured in 2009 Full name Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium Location 4751 Main Street Jupiter, Florida 33458 (561) 775 - 1818 26 ° 53 ′ 28 ''N 80 ° 06 ′ 59'' W / 26.89111 ° N 80.11639 ° W / 26.89111; - 80.11639 Owner Palm Beach County Operator Jupiter Stadium Limited Capacity 6,871 Field size Left Field: 335 ft Left - Center: 380 ft Center Field: 400 ft Right - Center: 375 ft Right Field: 325 ft Surface Grass Construction Broke ground March 6, 1997 Opened February 28, 1998 Construction cost US $28 million ($42 million in 2017 dollars) Architect Populous Structural engineer Bliss & Nyitray, Inc. Services engineer Bredson & Associates, Inc. General contractor Case Contracting Company Tenants GCL Cardinals (GCL) (1998 -- present) Jupiter Hammerheads (FSL) (1998 -- present) Montreal Expos (MLB) (spring training) (1998 -- 2002) St. Louis Cardinals (MLB) (spring training) (1998 -- present) Palm Beach Cardinals (FSL) (2003 -- present) GCL Marlins (GCL) (2003 -- present) Miami Marlins (MLB) (spring training) (2003 -- present)", "title": "Roger Dean Stadium" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam Evans is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\". The character is portrayed by actor Chord Overstreet, and appeared on \"Glee\" starting with the second season premiere episode entitled \"Audition\", first broadcast on September 21, 2010. Sam is a transfer student to William McKinley High School who becomes a member of the football team, as well as a member of the glee club, New Directions. In his first episode, Sam performs Travie McCoy's \"Billionaire\" with some of the guys in the glee club, but does not show up for tryouts due to the low social status of the club's members. He later joins, nonetheless.", "title": "Sam Evans" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kang Gee-Eun (also \"Gang Ji-Eun\", ; born October 15, 1990 in Seoul) is a South Korean sport shooter. She beat World Cup champion Yang Huan of China and two-time Olympian Yukie Nakayama of Japan for the gold medal in the women's trap at the 2012 Asian Shooting Championships in Doha, Qatar, accumulating a score of 93 clay pigeons. Kang is also a member of Korea Telecom Shooting Team, and is coached and trained by Song Nam-Jun.", "title": "Kang Gee-eun" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön.", "title": "Bosön" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Dean Stadium is one of only two stadiums in Florida to host two Major League Baseball teams annually for spring training: the Miami Marlins and St. Louis Cardinals (the other is The Ballpark of The Palm Beaches, which opened in 2017, hosting the Washington Nationals and Houston Astros). In both venues, the teams share the main stadium where the games are played. However, the teams have their own practice fields, outdoor batting cages, several pitching mounds, and state - of - the - art conditioning rooms.", "title": "Roger Dean Stadium" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hiro Nicolas Vallar (born 22 October 1983) is a footballer from Papeete, Tahiti currently playing for A.S. Central Sport. He is a member of Tahiti national football team.", "title": "Nicolas Vallar" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad.", "title": "T&TEC Sports Club" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season commences. During this time, teams will sometimes congregate at an outside location, usually a university, to conduct training camp for at least the first few weeks. This is similar to baseball's spring training.", "title": "Training camp (National Football League)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thursday Night Sport Show was an Australian sports television series that aired on One every Thursday at 9.30pm from 2 October 2014 and 13 November 2014. The show hosted by Mel McLaughlin with regular panellists Mark Howard and Sam Mac.", "title": "The Thursday Night Sport Show" } ]	Where does the team Sam Fishburn played for have spring training?	Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium	[]	Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs. Title: Kang Gee-eun Passage: Kang Gee-Eun (also "Gang Ji-Eun", ; born October 15, 1990 in Seoul) is a South Korean sport shooter. She beat World Cup champion Yang Huan of China and two-time Olympian Yukie Nakayama of Japan for the gold medal in the women's trap at the 2012 Asian Shooting Championships in Doha, Qatar, accumulating a score of 93 clay pigeons. Kang is also a member of Korea Telecom Shooting Team, and is coached and trained by Song Nam-Jun. Title: Tuvalu Passage: Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship. Title: Lou Yun Passage: Lou Yun began gymnastics training at the Hangzhou Sports School for Amateurs, and in the same year he also entered the provincial sports school of Zhejiang. He was selected for the National Gymnastics team in 1977. Known for his specialty in the vault, he won the 1987 World Championships in that event, in addition to his two gold medals. Title: Cleveland Indians Passage: The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field and are the defending American League champions. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with eight Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought, and through 2016 is the fifth - longest in baseball history. Title: Training camp (National Football League) Passage: In the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season commences. During this time, teams will sometimes congregate at an outside location, usually a university, to conduct training camp for at least the first few weeks. This is similar to baseball's spring training. Title: Roger Dean Stadium Passage: Roger Dean Stadium is one of only two stadiums in Florida to host two Major League Baseball teams annually for spring training: the Miami Marlins and St. Louis Cardinals (the other is The Ballpark of The Palm Beaches, which opened in 2017, hosting the Washington Nationals and Houston Astros). In both venues, the teams share the main stadium where the games are played. However, the teams have their own practice fields, outdoor batting cages, several pitching mounds, and state - of - the - art conditioning rooms. Title: Nicolas Vallar Passage: Hiro Nicolas Vallar (born 22 October 1983) is a footballer from Papeete, Tahiti currently playing for A.S. Central Sport. He is a member of Tahiti national football team. Title: Kabaddi Passage: Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics Title: Spring training Passage: Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins. Title: T&TEC Sports Club Passage: The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad. Title: Sam Posey Passage: Sam Posey (born May 26, 1944, in New York City, New York) is a retired American racing driver and sports broadcast journalist. Title: Cleveland Indians Passage: The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams. Title: Sam Fishburn Passage: Samuel E. Fishburn (May 15, 1893 – April 11, 1965) was an American Major League Baseball player from Haverhill, Massachusetts, who appeared in 9 games for the 1919 St. Louis Cardinals. An alumnus of Lehigh University, Fishburn died in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Title: Bermuda Passage: Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players. Title: Sam Evans Passage: Sam Evans is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series "Glee". The character is portrayed by actor Chord Overstreet, and appeared on "Glee" starting with the second season premiere episode entitled "Audition", first broadcast on September 21, 2010. Sam is a transfer student to William McKinley High School who becomes a member of the football team, as well as a member of the glee club, New Directions. In his first episode, Sam performs Travie McCoy's "Billionaire" with some of the guys in the glee club, but does not show up for tryouts due to the low social status of the club's members. He later joins, nonetheless. Title: The Thursday Night Sport Show Passage: The Thursday Night Sport Show was an Australian sports television series that aired on One every Thursday at 9.30pm from 2 October 2014 and 13 November 2014. The show hosted by Mel McLaughlin with regular panellists Mark Howard and Sam Mac. Title: Bosön Passage: Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News. Title: Roger Dean Stadium Passage: Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium Roger Dean Stadium pictured in 2009 Full name Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium Location 4751 Main Street Jupiter, Florida 33458 (561) 775 - 1818 26 ° 53 ′ 28 ''N 80 ° 06 ′ 59'' W / 26.89111 ° N 80.11639 ° W / 26.89111; - 80.11639 Owner Palm Beach County Operator Jupiter Stadium Limited Capacity 6,871 Field size Left Field: 335 ft Left - Center: 380 ft Center Field: 400 ft Right - Center: 375 ft Right Field: 325 ft Surface Grass Construction Broke ground March 6, 1997 Opened February 28, 1998 Construction cost US $28 million ($42 million in 2017 dollars) Architect Populous Structural engineer Bliss & Nyitray, Inc. Services engineer Bredson & Associates, Inc. General contractor Case Contracting Company Tenants GCL Cardinals (GCL) (1998 -- present) Jupiter Hammerheads (FSL) (1998 -- present) Montreal Expos (MLB) (spring training) (1998 -- 2002) St. Louis Cardinals (MLB) (spring training) (1998 -- present) Palm Beach Cardinals (FSL) (2003 -- present) GCL Marlins (GCL) (2003 -- present) Miami Marlins (MLB) (spring training) (2003 -- present)	[ "Sam Fishburn", "Roger Dean Stadium" ]
2hop__14922_14970	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Campbell Hill is, at 1,550 feet (470 m), the highest point in elevation in the U.S. state of Ohio. Campbell Hill is located within the city of Bellefontaine, 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of downtown.", "title": "Campbell Hill (Ohio)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or \"necks\" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2).", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.", "title": "Gonzales County, Texas" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York covers 54,555 square miles (141,300 km) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) above sea level; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) of water. The Piney Woods is north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or prairie which resembles the Deep South, and are all still visible in surrounding areas. Flatness of the local terrain, when combined with urban sprawl, has made flooding a recurring problem for the city. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level, and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 125 feet (38 m) in elevation. The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston, Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston. The city owns surface water rights for 1.20 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day worth of groundwater.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One acre equals 0.0015625 square miles, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet or about 4,047 square metres (0.4047 hectares) (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends on which yard it is based. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at forty perches (660 ft, or 1 furlong) long and four perches (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plough in one day. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (63.61 metres) on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre.", "title": "Acre" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the 565 municipalities in the U.S. state of New Jersey, ordered by population. There are five types of municipality in the state -- boroughs (250), cities (52), towns (15), townships (245), and villages (4). New Jersey, the fourth - smallest state, covers 8,722 square miles (22,590 km), meaning the average land size of a municipality in the state is about 15 square miles (39 km) -- but note the wide range of actual sizes in the map at right.", "title": "List of municipalities in New Jersey" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "LeGore Lake is a tarn located in the Eagle Cap Wilderness of northeastern Oregon, United States. It is the highest true lake in Oregon at elevation. It is positioned near Twin Peaks and is accessed by a 4-mile hiking trail that ascends 4,000 feet and passes the LeGore mine, the lake's namesake.", "title": "Legore Lake" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.", "title": "Sydney" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The building's original design in the modernist New Objectivity style was the subject of a competition which was eventually won by the architect Hans Poelzig. On its completion, the complex was the largest office building in Europe and remained so until the 1950s. The IG Farben Building's six square wings retain a modern, spare elegance, despite its mammoth size. It is also notable for its paternoster elevators.", "title": "IG Farben Building" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 square miles (8,983 km), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high - elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera is considered an active volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Half of the world's geothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly - intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Yellowstone National Park" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.", "title": "Washington County, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times. Many of the stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station—is manned year-round by one or two priests, who are similarly rotated every year.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Mountain Ridge is a ridge located in Allegany County, Maryland lying 3.25 miles west of Flintstone, Maryland and extending into Pennsylvania. Its highest elevation is 1,980 feet.", "title": "Martin Mountain Ridge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" } ]	What is the size of the continent that is highest in elevation in square miles?	5,400,000	[]	Title: Acre Passage: One acre equals 0.0015625 square miles, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet or about 4,047 square metres (0.4047 hectares) (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends on which yard it is based. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at forty perches (660 ft, or 1 furlong) long and four perches (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plough in one day. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (63.61 metres) on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre. Title: List of municipalities in New Jersey Passage: This is a list of the 565 municipalities in the U.S. state of New Jersey, ordered by population. There are five types of municipality in the state -- boroughs (250), cities (52), towns (15), townships (245), and villages (4). New Jersey, the fourth - smallest state, covers 8,722 square miles (22,590 km), meaning the average land size of a municipality in the state is about 15 square miles (39 km) -- but note the wide range of actual sizes in the map at right. Title: Africa Passage: Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. Title: Antarctica Passage: Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra. Title: Africa Passage: Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Title: Houston Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) of water. The Piney Woods is north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or prairie which resembles the Deep South, and are all still visible in surrounding areas. Flatness of the local terrain, when combined with urban sprawl, has made flooding a recurring problem for the city. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level, and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 125 feet (38 m) in elevation. The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston, Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston. The city owns surface water rights for 1.20 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day worth of groundwater. Title: Gonzales County, Texas Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water. Title: Richmond, Virginia Passage: Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River. Title: Antarctica Passage: Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times. Many of the stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station—is manned year-round by one or two priests, who are similarly rotated every year. Title: Martin Mountain Ridge Passage: Martin Mountain Ridge is a ridge located in Allegany County, Maryland lying 3.25 miles west of Flintstone, Maryland and extending into Pennsylvania. Its highest elevation is 1,980 feet. Title: The Bronx Passage: The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2). Title: New York (state) Passage: New York covers 54,555 square miles (141,300 km) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) above sea level; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the Atlantic Ocean. Title: Legore Lake Passage: LeGore Lake is a tarn located in the Eagle Cap Wilderness of northeastern Oregon, United States. It is the highest true lake in Oregon at elevation. It is positioned near Twin Peaks and is accessed by a 4-mile hiking trail that ascends 4,000 feet and passes the LeGore mine, the lake's namesake. Title: IG Farben Building Passage: The building's original design in the modernist New Objectivity style was the subject of a competition which was eventually won by the architect Hans Poelzig. On its completion, the complex was the largest office building in Europe and remained so until the 1950s. The IG Farben Building's six square wings retain a modern, spare elegance, despite its mammoth size. It is also notable for its paternoster elevators. Title: Campbell Hill (Ohio) Passage: Campbell Hill is, at 1,550 feet (470 m), the highest point in elevation in the U.S. state of Ohio. Campbell Hill is located within the city of Bellefontaine, 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of downtown. Title: Sydney Passage: Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. Title: Washington County, Wisconsin Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area. Title: Yellowstone National Park Passage: Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 square miles (8,983 km), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high - elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera is considered an active volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Half of the world's geothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly - intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Title: Boston Passage: Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline. Title: Antarctica Passage: Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:	[ "Antarctica", "Antarctica" ]
2hop__343473_51888	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.", "title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By prerogative right, the British Crown enjoys ownership of all unmarked mute swans in open water. Rights over swans may, however, be granted to a subject by the Crown (accordingly they may also be claimed by prescription.) The ownership of swans in a given body of water was commonly granted to landowners up to the 16th century. The only bodies still to exercise such rights are two livery companies of the City of London. Thus the ownership of swans in the Thames is shared equally among the Crown, the Vintners' Company and the Dyers' Company.", "title": "Swan Upping" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.", "title": "Water" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west).", "title": "Saw Kill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harrisville Pond is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Harrisville. It is one of many lakes and ponds along Nubanusit Brook, a tributary of the Contoocook River. Water from Nubanusit Lake flows via the Great Meadows into the pond on the north side and out of the pond at two dams on the south side. One dam allows the level of the pond to be raised or lowered and also adjusts the flow through the mills that span that part of the outlet, while the other dam is made of large stones and sandbags. The village of Harrisville is located at the outlet of the pond.", "title": "Harrisville Pond" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Southern Ocean, geologically the youngest of the oceans, was formed when Antarctica and South America moved apart, opening the Drake Passage, roughly 30 million years ago. The separation of the continents allowed the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next:", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.", "title": "Edema" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pedra Branca is a rock islet or small island, located in the Southern Ocean, off the southern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated approximately south southeast of South East Cape and is contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. An erosional remnant of the Tasmanian mainland, the island is approximately long, wide, with an elevation of above sea level. The island is estimated to have separated from the Tasmanian mainland at least 15,000 years ago.", "title": "Pedra Branca (Tasmania)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.", "title": "Body water" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central Water Commission chairman, S. Masood Hussain will head the CWMA and chief engineer of the Central Water Commission, Navin Kumar will be the first chairman of the CWRC. While the CWMA is an umbrella body, the CWRC will monitor water management on a day - to - day basis, including the water level and inflow and outflow of reservoirs in all the basin states.", "title": "Kaveri River water dispute" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sivakant Tiwari, (20 December 1945 – 26 July 2010), known professionally as S. Tiwari, was a senior legal officer of the Singapore Legal Service. He was educated at the University of Singapore, graduating in law in 1971. He then made the Legal Service his career, serving as head of the Ministry of Defence's legal department (1974), and head of the Attorney-General's Chambers' Civil Division (1987) and International Affairs Division (1995). He was lead counsel in three significant commissions of inquiry arising out of fatal incidents in the 1970s and 1980s. A skilled negotiator, Tiwari was a member of the Singapore delegation which dealt with the United States – Singapore Free Trade Agreement signed in 2003, and served as legal adviser to the delegation which established diplomatic relations between Singapore and the People's Republic of China. He was also on Singapore's legal team in a case concluded in 2003 that had been brought by Malaysia to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea for provisional measures against alleged damage to its territorial waters due to land reclamation by Singapore, and in the territorial dispute with Malaysia over Pedra Branca before the International Court of Justice in 2007.", "title": "Sivakant Tiwari" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam.", "title": "Cape Town water crisis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Singapore's water needs are anticipated to double in the next 50 years. Planned Newater output will triple to meet 50% of needs by year 2060 whilst desalination investment will raise output to meet 30% of needs. By the expiry of the 1962 water agreement in 2061, the necessity for Malaysia water import should be eliminated.", "title": "Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susqueda Reservoir () is a reservoir located on the Ter river, near Osor, Catalonia, Spain. The dam is located in Osor while the main water body is within the boundaries of Susqueda and Sant Hilari Sacalm. The construction of the dam was completed in 1968, creating a reservoir with a storage capacity of 233 hm³ that covered the old villages of Susqueda and Querós. The dam has a structural height of 135 m and a crest length of 360 m.", "title": "Susqueda Reservoir" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roque Santeiro is a Brazilian primetime telenovela produced and broadcast by Rede Globo. It premiered on 24 June 1985 and ended on 21 February 1986, replacing \"Corpo a Corpo\" and was replaced by \"Selva de Pedra\".", "title": "Roque Santeiro" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2004: The XFree86 team splits up and joins with the existing X standards body to form the X.Org Foundation, which results in a substantially faster development of the X server for Linux.", "title": "History of Linux" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities was an Australian government department that existed between September 2010 and September 2013.", "title": "Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities" } ]	When did the body of water where Pedra Branca is located come into existence?	roughly 30 million years ago	[]	Title: Cape Town water crisis Passage: In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam. Title: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities Passage: The Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities was an Australian government department that existed between September 2010 and September 2013. Title: Roque Santeiro Passage: Roque Santeiro is a Brazilian primetime telenovela produced and broadcast by Rede Globo. It premiered on 24 June 1985 and ended on 21 February 1986, replacing "Corpo a Corpo" and was replaced by "Selva de Pedra". Title: Buddhism Passage: The Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next: Title: Edema Passage: The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body. Title: Body water Passage: Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular. Title: Water Passage: Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior. Title: History of Linux Passage: 2004: The XFree86 team splits up and joins with the existing X standards body to form the X.Org Foundation, which results in a substantially faster development of the X server for Linux. Title: Lake Oesa Passage: Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada. Title: San Juan, Puerto Rico Passage: San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José. Title: Saw Kill Passage: Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west). Title: Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore Passage: Singapore's water needs are anticipated to double in the next 50 years. Planned Newater output will triple to meet 50% of needs by year 2060 whilst desalination investment will raise output to meet 30% of needs. By the expiry of the 1962 water agreement in 2061, the necessity for Malaysia water import should be eliminated. Title: Swan Upping Passage: By prerogative right, the British Crown enjoys ownership of all unmarked mute swans in open water. Rights over swans may, however, be granted to a subject by the Crown (accordingly they may also be claimed by prescription.) The ownership of swans in a given body of water was commonly granted to landowners up to the 16th century. The only bodies still to exercise such rights are two livery companies of the City of London. Thus the ownership of swans in the Thames is shared equally among the Crown, the Vintners' Company and the Dyers' Company. Title: Kaveri River water dispute Passage: Central Water Commission chairman, S. Masood Hussain will head the CWMA and chief engineer of the Central Water Commission, Navin Kumar will be the first chairman of the CWRC. While the CWMA is an umbrella body, the CWRC will monitor water management on a day - to - day basis, including the water level and inflow and outflow of reservoirs in all the basin states. Title: Harrisville Pond Passage: Harrisville Pond is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Harrisville. It is one of many lakes and ponds along Nubanusit Brook, a tributary of the Contoocook River. Water from Nubanusit Lake flows via the Great Meadows into the pond on the north side and out of the pond at two dams on the south side. One dam allows the level of the pond to be raised or lowered and also adjusts the flow through the mills that span that part of the outlet, while the other dam is made of large stones and sandbags. The village of Harrisville is located at the outlet of the pond. Title: Pedra Branca (Tasmania) Passage: Pedra Branca is a rock islet or small island, located in the Southern Ocean, off the southern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated approximately south southeast of South East Cape and is contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. An erosional remnant of the Tasmanian mainland, the island is approximately long, wide, with an elevation of above sea level. The island is estimated to have separated from the Tasmanian mainland at least 15,000 years ago. Title: Lake District Passage: It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere. Title: Sivakant Tiwari Passage: Sivakant Tiwari, (20 December 1945 – 26 July 2010), known professionally as S. Tiwari, was a senior legal officer of the Singapore Legal Service. He was educated at the University of Singapore, graduating in law in 1971. He then made the Legal Service his career, serving as head of the Ministry of Defence's legal department (1974), and head of the Attorney-General's Chambers' Civil Division (1987) and International Affairs Division (1995). He was lead counsel in three significant commissions of inquiry arising out of fatal incidents in the 1970s and 1980s. A skilled negotiator, Tiwari was a member of the Singapore delegation which dealt with the United States – Singapore Free Trade Agreement signed in 2003, and served as legal adviser to the delegation which established diplomatic relations between Singapore and the People's Republic of China. He was also on Singapore's legal team in a case concluded in 2003 that had been brought by Malaysia to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea for provisional measures against alleged damage to its territorial waters due to land reclamation by Singapore, and in the territorial dispute with Malaysia over Pedra Branca before the International Court of Justice in 2007. Title: Southern Ocean Passage: The Southern Ocean, geologically the youngest of the oceans, was formed when Antarctica and South America moved apart, opening the Drake Passage, roughly 30 million years ago. The separation of the continents allowed the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Title: Susqueda Reservoir Passage: Susqueda Reservoir () is a reservoir located on the Ter river, near Osor, Catalonia, Spain. The dam is located in Osor while the main water body is within the boundaries of Susqueda and Sant Hilari Sacalm. The construction of the dam was completed in 1968, creating a reservoir with a storage capacity of 233 hm³ that covered the old villages of Susqueda and Querós. The dam has a structural height of 135 m and a crest length of 360 m.	[ "Southern Ocean", "Pedra Branca (Tasmania)" ]
2hop__104341_65151	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ángel Luis Andreo Gabán (born 3 December 1972 in Madrid) is a water polo player from Spain, who was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. He also competed for his native country in the Summer Games of 2000 and 2004.", "title": "Ángel Andreo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During World War II, San Marino remained neutral, although it was wrongly reported in an article from The New York Times that it had declared war on the United Kingdom on 17 September 1940. The Sammarinese government later transmitted a message to the British government stating that they had not declared war on the United Kingdom.Three days after the fall of Benito Mussolini in Italy, PFS rule collapsed and the new government declared neutrality in the conflict. The Fascists regained power on 1 April 1944 but kept neutrality intact. Despite that, on 26 June 1944, San Marino was bombed by the Royal Air Force, in the belief that San Marino had been overrun by German forces and was being used to amass stores and ammunition. The Sammarinese government declared on the same day that no military installations or equipment were located on its territory, and that no belligerent forces had been allowed to enter. San Marino accepted thousands of civilian refugees when Allied forces went over the Gothic Line. In September 1944, it was briefly occupied by German forces, who were defeated by Allied forces in the Battle of San Marino.", "title": "San Marino" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as \"quota-preferential voting\": see Australian electoral system), with half elected every three years. In addition to the state Senators, two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory (which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands), while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory (which for this purpose includes the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators from the territories are also elected using preferential voting, but their term of office is not fixed; it starts on the day of a general election for the House of Representatives and ends on the day before the next such election.", "title": "Government of Australia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Class 9. Bonded warehouse, known as duty-free stores, used for selling, for use outside the Customs territory, conditionally duty-free merchandise owned or sold by the proprietor and delivered from the Class 9 warehouse to an airport or other exit point for exportation by, or on behalf of, individuals departing from the Customs territory for destinations other than foreign trade zones. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1555(b)(8)(C), Customs territory, for purposes of duty-free stores, means the Customs territory of the U.S. as defined in 101.1(e) of this chapter, and foreign trade zones (see part 146 of this chapter). All distribution warehouses used exclusively to provide individual duty-free sales locations and storage cribs with conditionally duty-free merchandise are also Class 9 warehouses.Moreover, in the U.S. some duty-free stores will sell their goods to domestic passengers with appropriate taxes included. Alcohol and tobacco products are restricted to international passengers only and subject to the age limitations of 18 and 21 respectively, even though the age one must be to import those items into other countries may be lower.", "title": "Duty-free shop" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team.", "title": "Luis Villafañe" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: \"Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome.\" At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses.\" The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance. Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.", "title": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a judoka, Brown represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the bronze medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg), alongside Brazil's Luis Onmura. Four years later in Seoul, South Korea he tested positive for use of a controlled substance(furosemide).", "title": "Kerrith Brown" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Igor Hernández Colina (born 22 January 1977) is a Venezuelan beach volleyball player. He played with Jesus Villafañe at the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Igor Hernández" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly.", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 created the Union Territory of Delhi from the its predecessor the Chief Commissioner's Province of Delhi. The Constitution (Sixty - ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though with limited powers.", "title": "Delhi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.", "title": "Daylight saving time" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They are also used as country identifiers extending the postal code when appropriate within the international postal system for paper mail, and has replaced the previous one consisting one-letter codes. They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.", "title": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used to identify the country. As Canada acquired political authority and autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government began using simply Canada on state documents. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, which refers only to Canada. Later that year, the national holiday was renamed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. Section 4 of the 1867 BNA Act also declares that:", "title": "Name of Canada" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Harford is a former town in San Luis Obispo County, California, US. It was established in 1871 after John Harford built a pier and a horse drawn railroad to span the two miles between his pier and Avila (now called Avila Beach). In the 1880s the Pacific Coast Railway stopped in Port Harford on its route from San Luis Obispo to Santa Maria. All that remains of the original town are the 1919 pier and a wooden warehouse canopy that now houses Olde Port Inn Restaurant.", "title": "Port Harford, California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Given its similarities with the church of San Julián de los Prados and the church of Santa María de Bendones, it was probably built in the times of Alfonso II of Asturias. Declared National Monument in 1931, the church burnt in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War losing the roof. It was restored by Luis Menéndez Pidal y Alvarez.", "title": "Church of San Pedro de Nora" } ]	When was the island Luis Villafañe is from declared a U.S. territory?	1898	[]	Title: 51st state Passage: Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999. Title: Ángel Andreo Passage: Ángel Luis Andreo Gabán (born 3 December 1972 in Madrid) is a water polo player from Spain, who was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. He also competed for his native country in the Summer Games of 2000 and 2004. Title: Franco-Prussian War Passage: While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not "yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses." The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance. Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz. Title: San Marino Passage: During World War II, San Marino remained neutral, although it was wrongly reported in an article from The New York Times that it had declared war on the United Kingdom on 17 September 1940. The Sammarinese government later transmitted a message to the British government stating that they had not declared war on the United Kingdom.Three days after the fall of Benito Mussolini in Italy, PFS rule collapsed and the new government declared neutrality in the conflict. The Fascists regained power on 1 April 1944 but kept neutrality intact. Despite that, on 26 June 1944, San Marino was bombed by the Royal Air Force, in the belief that San Marino had been overrun by German forces and was being used to amass stores and ammunition. The Sammarinese government declared on the same day that no military installations or equipment were located on its territory, and that no belligerent forces had been allowed to enter. San Marino accepted thousands of civilian refugees when Allied forces went over the Gothic Line. In September 1944, it was briefly occupied by German forces, who were defeated by Allied forces in the Battle of San Marino. Title: Name of Canada Passage: Until the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used to identify the country. As Canada acquired political authority and autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government began using simply Canada on state documents. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, which refers only to Canada. Later that year, the national holiday was renamed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. Section 4 of the 1867 BNA Act also declares that: Title: Igor Hernández Passage: Igor Hernández Colina (born 22 January 1977) is a Venezuelan beach volleyball player. He played with Jesus Villafañe at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Title: Government of Australia Passage: Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as "quota-preferential voting": see Australian electoral system), with half elected every three years. In addition to the state Senators, two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory (which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands), while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory (which for this purpose includes the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators from the territories are also elected using preferential voting, but their term of office is not fixed; it starts on the day of a general election for the House of Representatives and ends on the day before the next such election. Title: Duty-free shop Passage: Class 9. Bonded warehouse, known as duty-free stores, used for selling, for use outside the Customs territory, conditionally duty-free merchandise owned or sold by the proprietor and delivered from the Class 9 warehouse to an airport or other exit point for exportation by, or on behalf of, individuals departing from the Customs territory for destinations other than foreign trade zones. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1555(b)(8)(C), Customs territory, for purposes of duty-free stores, means the Customs territory of the U.S. as defined in 101.1(e) of this chapter, and foreign trade zones (see part 146 of this chapter). All distribution warehouses used exclusively to provide individual duty-free sales locations and storage cribs with conditionally duty-free merchandise are also Class 9 warehouses.Moreover, in the U.S. some duty-free stores will sell their goods to domestic passengers with appropriate taxes included. Alcohol and tobacco products are restricted to international passengers only and subject to the age limitations of 18 and 21 respectively, even though the age one must be to import those items into other countries may be lower. Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly. Title: List of island countries Passage: This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands. Title: Kerrith Brown Passage: As a judoka, Brown represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the bronze medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg), alongside Brazil's Luis Onmura. Four years later in Seoul, South Korea he tested positive for use of a controlled substance(furosemide). Title: Delhi Passage: The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 created the Union Territory of Delhi from the its predecessor the Chief Commissioner's Province of Delhi. The Constitution (Sixty - ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though with limited powers. Title: Daylight saving time Passage: The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently. Title: Dialect Passage: In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names. Title: Luis Villafañe Passage: Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team. Title: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 Passage: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They are also used as country identifiers extending the postal code when appropriate within the international postal system for paper mail, and has replaced the previous one consisting one-letter codes. They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974. Title: Port Harford, California Passage: Port Harford is a former town in San Luis Obispo County, California, US. It was established in 1871 after John Harford built a pier and a horse drawn railroad to span the two miles between his pier and Avila (now called Avila Beach). In the 1880s the Pacific Coast Railway stopped in Port Harford on its route from San Luis Obispo to Santa Maria. All that remains of the original town are the 1919 pier and a wooden warehouse canopy that now houses Olde Port Inn Restaurant. Title: Church of San Pedro de Nora Passage: Given its similarities with the church of San Julián de los Prados and the church of Santa María de Bendones, it was probably built in the times of Alfonso II of Asturias. Declared National Monument in 1931, the church burnt in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War losing the roof. It was restored by Luis Menéndez Pidal y Alvarez. Title: Declaration of war by the United States Passage: The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war. Title: Estadio Alfonso Lastras Passage: Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.	[ "Luis Villafañe", "History of Puerto Rico" ]
2hop__108509_161698	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Napoleon acknowledged one illegitimate son: Charles Léon (1806–1881) by Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne. Alexandre Colonna-Walewski (1810–1868), the son of his mistress Maria Walewska, although acknowledged by Walewska's husband, was also widely known to be his child, and the DNA of his direct male descendant has been used to help confirm Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype. He may have had further unacknowledged illegitimate offspring as well, such as Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld by Emilie Victoria Kraus and Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte (1816–1907) by Albine de Montholon.", "title": "Napoleon" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Pietà for Vittoria Colonna is a black chalk drawing on cardboard (28.9×18.9 cm) by Michelangelo Buonarroti, dated to about 1538–44 and kept at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.", "title": "Pietà for Vittoria Colonna" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators.", "title": "YouTube" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lungotevere dei Mellini is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Via Vittoria Colonna to Piazza della Libertà, in the rione Prati in Rome (Italy).", "title": "Lungotevere dei Mellini" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fano Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed in 1497, and housed in the church of Santa Maria Nuova, Fano, central Italy. It also includes a lunette with a \"Pietà\" and several predella panels.", "title": "Fano Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. The series also had several guest directors, including Lost co-creator J.J. Abrams, Buffy the Vampire Slayer creator Joss Whedon, both of whom are fans of the series, and filmmakers Jon Favreau, Harold Ramis, Jason Reitman, and Marc Webb. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, and Brian Baumgartner.", "title": "The Office (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ponte del Risorgimento (or briefly Ponte Risorgimento) is a bridge that links Piazzale delle Belle Arti to Piazza Monte Grappa in Rome (Italy), in the Flaminio and Della Vittoria quarters.", "title": "Ponte del Risorgimento" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original iPhone was introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 in a keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo held in Moscone West in San Francisco, California. In his address, Jobs said, ``This is a day, that I have been looking forward to for two and a half years '', and that`` today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.'' Jobs introduced the iPhone as a combination of three devices: a ``widescreen iPod with touch controls ''; a`` revolutionary mobile phone''; and a ``breakthrough Internet communicator ''.", "title": "IPhone (1st generation)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pietà is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed around 1483-1493, and housed in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.", "title": "Pietà (Perugino)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lungotevere Della Vittoria is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Piazzale Maresciallo Giardino to Piazza del Fante in Rome (Italy), in the Della Vittoria quarter.", "title": "Lungotevere Della Vittoria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pietà or Revolution by Night (Pietà ou La révolution la nuit) (1923) is a painting by German surrealist and Dadaist Max Ernst. Since 1981 it has been part of the collection of the Tate Gallery in London.", "title": "Pietà or Revolution by Night" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lungotevere Guglielmo Oberdan is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Piazza Monte Grappa to Piazza del Fante in Rome (Italy), in the Della Vittoria quarter.", "title": "Lungotevere Guglielmo Oberdan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamie White is an American radio personality and actress who is most notable for having hosted mornings on KYSR Star 98.7 in Los Angeles for nearly nine years. Initially hired by a Kansas City radio station, she took a string of broadcasting jobs that had led to her former job at KYSR.", "title": "Jamie White" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (, US: , Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo meˈriːzi da (k)karaˈvaddʒo]; 28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610. His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture and death. He worked rapidly, with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His influence on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the \"Caravaggisti\" or \"Caravagesques\", as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi (\"shadowists\").", "title": "Caravaggio" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French industrialist Pierre Bardou-Job became wealthy selling rolling paper and decided to have a château built for each of his three children, all designed by the Danish architect Viggo Dorph-Petersen. The Château d'Aubiry was for his son Justin and was built from 1893 to 1904. Pierre Bardou-Job himself never saw it, as he died suddenly in 1892 just before the start of the construction.", "title": "Château d'Aubiry" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pupils of the school obtain secondary education, labor and vocational skills, which gives them the opportunity to continue their education in colleges or universities or find job in Ukraine once they have graduated from the Fontanka School.", "title": "Fontanka School" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Stilo (also known as Cape Colonna and Crotone) was fought on 13 or 14 July 982 near Crotone in Calabria between the forces of the Emperor Otto II and his Italo-Lombard allies and those of the Kalbid emir of Sicily, Abu'l-Qasim. .", "title": "Battle of Stilo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonna was born at Marino in 1490, a fief of the Colonna family in the Alban Hills near Rome. She was the daughter of Fabrizio Colonna, grand constable of the kingdom of Naples, and of Agnese da Montefeltro, daughter of the Duke of Urbino. She was engaged in 1495 at the age of 3 years old to \"Ferrante\" Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos, son of the marquese di Pescara, at the insistence of Ferdinand, King of Naples.", "title": "Vittoria Colonna" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio della Vittoria (or Arena della Vittoria) is a multi-purpose stadium in Bari, Italy. The stadium holds 40,400 people. In 1991, it was used as a refugee camp, for 20,000 Albanians refugees, of the ship \"Vlora\".", "title": "Stadio della Vittoria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College Swing, also known as Swing, Teacher, Swing in the U.K., is a 1938 comedy film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, and Bob Hope. The supporting cast features Edward Everett Horton, Ben Blue, Betty Grable, Jackie Coogan, John Payne, Robert Cummings, and Jerry Colonna.", "title": "College Swing" } ]	What job did the creator of Pietà for Vittoria Colonna have?	Italian painter	[]	Title: Napoleon Passage: Napoleon acknowledged one illegitimate son: Charles Léon (1806–1881) by Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne. Alexandre Colonna-Walewski (1810–1868), the son of his mistress Maria Walewska, although acknowledged by Walewska's husband, was also widely known to be his child, and the DNA of his direct male descendant has been used to help confirm Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype. He may have had further unacknowledged illegitimate offspring as well, such as Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld by Emilie Victoria Kraus and Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte (1816–1907) by Albine de Montholon. Title: Château d'Aubiry Passage: French industrialist Pierre Bardou-Job became wealthy selling rolling paper and decided to have a château built for each of his three children, all designed by the Danish architect Viggo Dorph-Petersen. The Château d'Aubiry was for his son Justin and was built from 1893 to 1904. Pierre Bardou-Job himself never saw it, as he died suddenly in 1892 just before the start of the construction. Title: The Office (American TV series) Passage: Randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. The series also had several guest directors, including Lost co-creator J.J. Abrams, Buffy the Vampire Slayer creator Joss Whedon, both of whom are fans of the series, and filmmakers Jon Favreau, Harold Ramis, Jason Reitman, and Marc Webb. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, and Brian Baumgartner. Title: Pietà for Vittoria Colonna Passage: The Pietà for Vittoria Colonna is a black chalk drawing on cardboard (28.9×18.9 cm) by Michelangelo Buonarroti, dated to about 1538–44 and kept at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Title: College Swing Passage: College Swing, also known as Swing, Teacher, Swing in the U.K., is a 1938 comedy film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, and Bob Hope. The supporting cast features Edward Everett Horton, Ben Blue, Betty Grable, Jackie Coogan, John Payne, Robert Cummings, and Jerry Colonna. Title: Pietà or Revolution by Night Passage: Pietà or Revolution by Night (Pietà ou La révolution la nuit) (1923) is a painting by German surrealist and Dadaist Max Ernst. Since 1981 it has been part of the collection of the Tate Gallery in London. Title: Stadio della Vittoria Passage: Stadio della Vittoria (or Arena della Vittoria) is a multi-purpose stadium in Bari, Italy. The stadium holds 40,400 people. In 1991, it was used as a refugee camp, for 20,000 Albanians refugees, of the ship "Vlora". Title: Lungotevere Guglielmo Oberdan Passage: Lungotevere Guglielmo Oberdan is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Piazza Monte Grappa to Piazza del Fante in Rome (Italy), in the Della Vittoria quarter. Title: Ponte del Risorgimento Passage: Ponte del Risorgimento (or briefly Ponte Risorgimento) is a bridge that links Piazzale delle Belle Arti to Piazza Monte Grappa in Rome (Italy), in the Flaminio and Della Vittoria quarters. Title: Fontanka School Passage: The pupils of the school obtain secondary education, labor and vocational skills, which gives them the opportunity to continue their education in colleges or universities or find job in Ukraine once they have graduated from the Fontanka School. Title: Jamie White Passage: Jamie White is an American radio personality and actress who is most notable for having hosted mornings on KYSR Star 98.7 in Los Angeles for nearly nine years. Initially hired by a Kansas City radio station, she took a string of broadcasting jobs that had led to her former job at KYSR. Title: Battle of Stilo Passage: The Battle of Stilo (also known as Cape Colonna and Crotone) was fought on 13 or 14 July 982 near Crotone in Calabria between the forces of the Emperor Otto II and his Italo-Lombard allies and those of the Kalbid emir of Sicily, Abu'l-Qasim. . Title: Caravaggio Passage: Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (, US: , Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo meˈriːzi da (k)karaˈvaddʒo]; 28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610. His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture and death. He worked rapidly, with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His influence on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the "Caravaggisti" or "Caravagesques", as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi ("shadowists"). Title: Fano Altarpiece Passage: The Fano Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed in 1497, and housed in the church of Santa Maria Nuova, Fano, central Italy. It also includes a lunette with a "Pietà" and several predella panels. Title: IPhone (1st generation) Passage: The original iPhone was introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 in a keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo held in Moscone West in San Francisco, California. In his address, Jobs said, ``This is a day, that I have been looking forward to for two and a half years '', and that`` today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.'' Jobs introduced the iPhone as a combination of three devices: a ``widescreen iPod with touch controls ''; a`` revolutionary mobile phone''; and a ``breakthrough Internet communicator ''. Title: YouTube Passage: Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators. Title: Lungotevere dei Mellini Passage: The Lungotevere dei Mellini is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Via Vittoria Colonna to Piazza della Libertà, in the rione Prati in Rome (Italy). Title: Vittoria Colonna Passage: Colonna was born at Marino in 1490, a fief of the Colonna family in the Alban Hills near Rome. She was the daughter of Fabrizio Colonna, grand constable of the kingdom of Naples, and of Agnese da Montefeltro, daughter of the Duke of Urbino. She was engaged in 1495 at the age of 3 years old to "Ferrante" Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos, son of the marquese di Pescara, at the insistence of Ferdinand, King of Naples. Title: Lungotevere Della Vittoria Passage: Lungotevere Della Vittoria is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Piazzale Maresciallo Giardino to Piazza del Fante in Rome (Italy), in the Della Vittoria quarter. Title: Pietà (Perugino) Passage: Pietà is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed around 1483-1493, and housed in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.	[ "Pietà for Vittoria Colonna", "Caravaggio" ]
2hop__648849_71652	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ← 2013 12 May 2018 (222 seats) 28 May 2018 (1 seat) 11 June 2018 (1 seat) 2023 → 224 of 224 seats in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly 113 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 72.13% Majority party Minority party Third party Leader B.S. Yeddyurappa Siddaramaiah H.D. Kumaraswamy Party BJP INC JD (S) Alliance JD (S) + BSP Leader's seat Shikaripura Badami, Chamundeshwari Channapattana Seats before 44 122 40 Seats won 104 80 37 + 1 (BSP) Seat change 60 42 Popular vote 13,267,956 13,932,069 6,726,667 Percentage 36.34% 38.14% 18.3% Swing 16.3% 1.4% 1.9% Results of the election Chief Minister before election Siddaramaiah INC Elected Chief Minister B.S. Yeddyurappa, BJP H.D. Kumaraswamy JD (S) + INC", "title": "2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The candidate filing deadline for this gubernatorial race was on June 22, 2018, with primary elections being held on August 28, 2018. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party. Andrew Gillum won the Democratic primary, and Ron DeSantis won the Republican primary.", "title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mexican general election, 2018 ← 2012 1 July 2018 2024 → Turnout 63.43% (0.35%) Candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador Ricardo Anaya Party MORENA PAN Alliance Juntos Haremos Historia Por México al Frente Home state Tabasco Querétaro Popular vote 30,113,483 12,610,120 Percentage 53.19% 22.28% Candidate José Antonio Meade Jaime Rodríguez Calderón Party PRI Independent Alliance Todos por México None Home state Mexico City Nuevo León Popular vote 9,289,853 2,961,732 Percentage 16.41% 5.23% States won by López Obrador in red, Anaya in blue. President before election Enrique Peña Nieto PRI Elected President Andrés Manuel López Obrador MORENA", "title": "2018 Mexican general election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ontario general election of 2018 was held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority government with 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161 - year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor - crossing during the 41st Parliament. Twenty - four other parties and numerous independent candidates also received votes.", "title": "2018 Ontario general election" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Michigan gubernatorial election of 2018 will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Michigan, concurrently with the election of Michigan's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.", "title": "2018 Michigan gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pakistani general election, 2018 ← 2013 25 July 2018 Next → ← outgoing members elected members → All 342 seats in the National Assembly 172 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 51.6% (3.4 pp) First party Second party Third party Leader Imran Khan Shehbaz Sharif Bilawal Bhutto Zardari Party PTI PML (N) PPP Leader since 25 April 1996 6 March 2018 30 December 2007 Leader's seat Mianwali - I Lahore - X Larkana - I Last election 35 seats, 16.92% 166 seats, 32.77% 42 seats, 15.23% Seats won 149 / 342 82 / 342 54 / 342 Seat change 114 84 12 Popular vote 16,903,702 12,934,589 6,924,356 Percentage 31.82% 24.35% 13.03% Swing 14.90 pp 8.42 pp 2.29 pp Prime Minister before election Shahid Khaqan Abbasi PML (N) Elected Prime Minister Imran Khan PTI", "title": "2018 Pakistani general election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election, 2018 Date February 3, 2018 Convention Vancouver Resigning leader Christy Clark Won by Andrew Wilkinson Ballots 5 Candidates 6 Entrance Fee $60,000 Spending limit $600,000", "title": "2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams.", "title": "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 United States elections will mostly be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. 39 state and territorial governorships and numerous other state and local elections will also be contested.", "title": "2018 United States elections" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jay Livingstone is an American politician who has served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives since July 2013. He is a resident of Back Bay, Boston, a member of the Democratic Party. He won a special election to succeed Martha M. Walz, unopposed in the June 25 general election after winning the May 28 primary. He was sworn in July 17, 2013. He has since won re-election in 2014, 2016, and 2018.", "title": "Jay Livingstone" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ontario general election, 2018 ← 2014 June 7, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 07) 43rd → ← outgoing members elected members → 124 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 63 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 58.4% (7.1 pp) First party Second party Leader Doug Ford Andrea Horwath Party Progressive Conservative New Democratic Leader since March 10, 2018 March 7, 2009 Leader's seat Etobicoke North Hamilton Centre Last election 28 seats, 31.25% 21 seats, 23.75% Seats before 27 18 Seats won 76 40 Seat change 49 22 Popular vote 2,324,742 1,925,512 Percentage 40.50% 33.56% Swing 9.25 pp 9.81 pp Third party Fourth party Leader Kathleen Wynne Mike Schreiner Party Liberal Green Leader since January 26, 2013 May 16, 2009 Leader's seat Don Valley West Guelph Last election 58 seats, 38.65% 0 seats, 4.84% Seats before 55 0 Seats won 7 Seat change 48 Popular vote 1,124,381 264,094 Percentage 19.59% 4.60% Swing 19.06 pp 0.24 pp Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Riding names are listed at the bottom. Premier before election Kathleen Wynne Liberal Premier - designate Doug Ford Progressive Conservative", "title": "2018 Ontario general election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kate Van Buskirk (born 1987) is an internationally accomplished cross-country runner, from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. She won bronze for Canada at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the 1500 m. She began hosting and producing the \"The Shakeout Podcast\" in 2018, for \"Canadian Running\".", "title": "Kate Van Buskirk" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr Frank Themba Mdlalose was the first Premier of the newly renamed KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, after the African National Congress (ANC) won the country's first all-inclusive general election in April 1994.", "title": "Frank Mdlalose" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elections to the United States Senate will be held November 6, 2018, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections and two seats being contested in special elections. The winners will serve six - year terms from January 3, 2019, to January 3, 2025. Currently, Democrats have 26 seats up for election, including the seats of two independents who caucus with them. Republicans have nine seats up for election. The seats up for regular election in 2018 were last up for election in 2012; in addition, special elections will be scheduled if vacancies occur, as has already happened in Minnesota and Mississippi.", "title": "2018 United States Senate elections" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Deák Party was founded in 1865 as the successor to the Address Party. It won the 1865 elections in Hungary, and also won a large majority in the 1869 elections following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. It won another majority in the 1872 elections, but Déak retired from public life in 1873, setting the party into decline.", "title": "Deák Party" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renaissance is a political party in Monaco that represents the interests of SBM employees. They won 10.67% of the popular vote, and 1 out of 24 seats in the legislative elections held on February 10, 2013. The seat was held by Eric Elena. However, the party did not contest the 2018 elections.", "title": "Renaissance (Monaco)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 California gubernatorial election will be held on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of California. The race is between Gavin Newsom and John H. Cox.", "title": "2018 California gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pakatan Harapan, the main opposition coalition in the Malaysian Parliament, won 113 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, Malaysia's lower house of parliament. The Sabah Heritage Party, which won another 8 seats, informally aligned itself with Pakatan Harapan, giving the opposition alliance a total of 121 seats in the new Parliament, enough to form a government.", "title": "2018 Malaysian general election" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Engkeranji (also known as Engkranji) is a settlement in the Betong division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately east of the state capital Kuching.", "title": "Engkeranji" } ]	Who won the election in 2018 in the country containing Engkeranji?	Pakatan Harapan	[]	Title: 2018 Michigan gubernatorial election Passage: The Michigan gubernatorial election of 2018 will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Michigan, concurrently with the election of Michigan's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Title: 2018 Pakistani general election Passage: Pakistani general election, 2018 ← 2013 25 July 2018 Next → ← outgoing members elected members → All 342 seats in the National Assembly 172 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 51.6% (3.4 pp) First party Second party Third party Leader Imran Khan Shehbaz Sharif Bilawal Bhutto Zardari Party PTI PML (N) PPP Leader since 25 April 1996 6 March 2018 30 December 2007 Leader's seat Mianwali - I Lahore - X Larkana - I Last election 35 seats, 16.92% 166 seats, 32.77% 42 seats, 15.23% Seats won 149 / 342 82 / 342 54 / 342 Seat change 114 84 12 Popular vote 16,903,702 12,934,589 6,924,356 Percentage 31.82% 24.35% 13.03% Swing 14.90 pp 8.42 pp 2.29 pp Prime Minister before election Shahid Khaqan Abbasi PML (N) Elected Prime Minister Imran Khan PTI Title: 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election Passage: Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ← 2013 12 May 2018 (222 seats) 28 May 2018 (1 seat) 11 June 2018 (1 seat) 2023 → 224 of 224 seats in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly 113 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 72.13% Majority party Minority party Third party Leader B.S. Yeddyurappa Siddaramaiah H.D. Kumaraswamy Party BJP INC JD (S) Alliance JD (S) + BSP Leader's seat Shikaripura Badami, Chamundeshwari Channapattana Seats before 44 122 40 Seats won 104 80 37 + 1 (BSP) Seat change 60 42 Popular vote 13,267,956 13,932,069 6,726,667 Percentage 36.34% 38.14% 18.3% Swing 16.3% 1.4% 1.9% Results of the election Chief Minister before election Siddaramaiah INC Elected Chief Minister B.S. Yeddyurappa, BJP H.D. Kumaraswamy JD (S) + INC Title: 2018 United States Senate elections Passage: Elections to the United States Senate will be held November 6, 2018, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections and two seats being contested in special elections. The winners will serve six - year terms from January 3, 2019, to January 3, 2025. Currently, Democrats have 26 seats up for election, including the seats of two independents who caucus with them. Republicans have nine seats up for election. The seats up for regular election in 2018 were last up for election in 2012; in addition, special elections will be scheduled if vacancies occur, as has already happened in Minnesota and Mississippi. Title: 2018 Florida gubernatorial election Passage: The candidate filing deadline for this gubernatorial race was on June 22, 2018, with primary elections being held on August 28, 2018. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party. Andrew Gillum won the Democratic primary, and Ron DeSantis won the Republican primary. Title: 2018 Ontario general election Passage: Ontario general election, 2018 ← 2014 June 7, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 07) 43rd → ← outgoing members elected members → 124 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 63 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 58.4% (7.1 pp) First party Second party Leader Doug Ford Andrea Horwath Party Progressive Conservative New Democratic Leader since March 10, 2018 March 7, 2009 Leader's seat Etobicoke North Hamilton Centre Last election 28 seats, 31.25% 21 seats, 23.75% Seats before 27 18 Seats won 76 40 Seat change 49 22 Popular vote 2,324,742 1,925,512 Percentage 40.50% 33.56% Swing 9.25 pp 9.81 pp Third party Fourth party Leader Kathleen Wynne Mike Schreiner Party Liberal Green Leader since January 26, 2013 May 16, 2009 Leader's seat Don Valley West Guelph Last election 58 seats, 38.65% 0 seats, 4.84% Seats before 55 0 Seats won 7 Seat change 48 Popular vote 1,124,381 264,094 Percentage 19.59% 4.60% Swing 19.06 pp 0.24 pp Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Riding names are listed at the bottom. Premier before election Kathleen Wynne Liberal Premier - designate Doug Ford Progressive Conservative Title: Kate Van Buskirk Passage: Kate Van Buskirk (born 1987) is an internationally accomplished cross-country runner, from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. She won bronze for Canada at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the 1500 m. She began hosting and producing the "The Shakeout Podcast" in 2018, for "Canadian Running". Title: Renaissance (Monaco) Passage: Renaissance is a political party in Monaco that represents the interests of SBM employees. They won 10.67% of the popular vote, and 1 out of 24 seats in the legislative elections held on February 10, 2013. The seat was held by Eric Elena. However, the party did not contest the 2018 elections. Title: 2018 United States elections Passage: The 2018 United States elections will mostly be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. 39 state and territorial governorships and numerous other state and local elections will also be contested. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. Title: 2018 California gubernatorial election Passage: The 2018 California gubernatorial election will be held on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of California. The race is between Gavin Newsom and John H. Cox. Title: 2018 Malaysian general election Passage: Pakatan Harapan, the main opposition coalition in the Malaysian Parliament, won 113 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, Malaysia's lower house of parliament. The Sabah Heritage Party, which won another 8 seats, informally aligned itself with Pakatan Harapan, giving the opposition alliance a total of 121 seats in the new Parliament, enough to form a government. Title: Deák Party Passage: The Deák Party was founded in 1865 as the successor to the Address Party. It won the 1865 elections in Hungary, and also won a large majority in the 1869 elections following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. It won another majority in the 1872 elections, but Déak retired from public life in 1873, setting the party into decline. Title: Engkeranji Passage: Engkeranji (also known as Engkranji) is a settlement in the Betong division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately east of the state capital Kuching. Title: Jay Livingstone Passage: Jay Livingstone is an American politician who has served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives since July 2013. He is a resident of Back Bay, Boston, a member of the Democratic Party. He won a special election to succeed Martha M. Walz, unopposed in the June 25 general election after winning the May 28 primary. He was sworn in July 17, 2013. He has since won re-election in 2014, 2016, and 2018. Title: Frank Mdlalose Passage: Dr Frank Themba Mdlalose was the first Premier of the newly renamed KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, after the African National Congress (ANC) won the country's first all-inclusive general election in April 1994. Title: 2018 Mexican general election Passage: Mexican general election, 2018 ← 2012 1 July 2018 2024 → Turnout 63.43% (0.35%) Candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador Ricardo Anaya Party MORENA PAN Alliance Juntos Haremos Historia Por México al Frente Home state Tabasco Querétaro Popular vote 30,113,483 12,610,120 Percentage 53.19% 22.28% Candidate José Antonio Meade Jaime Rodríguez Calderón Party PRI Independent Alliance Todos por México None Home state Mexico City Nuevo León Popular vote 9,289,853 2,961,732 Percentage 16.41% 5.23% States won by López Obrador in red, Anaya in blue. President before election Enrique Peña Nieto PRI Elected President Andrés Manuel López Obrador MORENA Title: 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election Passage: The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams. Title: 2018 Ontario general election Passage: The Ontario general election of 2018 was held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority government with 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161 - year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor - crossing during the 41st Parliament. Twenty - four other parties and numerous independent candidates also received votes. Title: 2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election Passage: British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election, 2018 Date February 3, 2018 Convention Vancouver Resigning leader Christy Clark Won by Andrew Wilkinson Ballots 5 Candidates 6 Entrance Fee $60,000 Spending limit $600,000	[ "2018 Malaysian general election", "Engkeranji" ]
2hop__255953_7643	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering (HGCE) is a private degree engineering and degree management college located near Vahelal village, district Ahmedabad in Gujarat state, India. The college is affiliated to the GTU and all of the courses are approved by the AICTE.", "title": "Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enrique José Bolaños Geyer (born May 13, 1928) was the President of Nicaragua from January 10, 2002 to January 10, 2007. He received his education in the United States, graduating with a bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering from Saint Louis University in 1962.", "title": "Enrique Bolaños" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain \"at little expense.\" The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Noriaki Kano completed his undergraduate, masters, and doctoral degrees in the engineering school of the University of Tokyo. He retired from the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) after 35 years in research and education, as a lecturer and associate professor at the University of Electro-Communications and a full professor and head of the Department of Management Science at TUS.", "title": "Noriaki Kano" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arne Blomberg, was born in 1930 in Gothenburg, Sweden. He started off by studying at Valand School of Art and continued later on at the Goldsmiths´Company Trege where he got a journeyman exam, and followed up by an engineering degree and a master's degree as engraver.", "title": "Arne Blomberg" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tami Bond received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in 1993. She went on to post graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley, where she was awarded a Masters of Science in engineering in 1995, focusing on combustion. In 2000, she completed study for an interdisciplinary Doctor of Philosophy degree in Atmospheric Sciences, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, again from the University of Washington.", "title": "Tami Bond" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prof. Sammu Raghu De Silva Chandrakeerthy was born in 1945 and had his schooling at Richmond College, Galle. He entered the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Ceylon at Peradeniya in 1963 and graduated in 1967 with an Honours Degree in Civil Engineering. He obtained the PhD degree specializing in Structural Engineering in 1973, from the University of Sheffield, England.", "title": "Sammu Raghu De Silva Chandrakeerthy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Copenhagen as a son of Johan Georg Forchhammer. He was a nephew of August Friedrich Wilhelm Forchhammer. He finished his secondary education in 1843, and completed the cand.philol. degree in 1848. He took the magistratus degree in 1852, and then studied for a period in Italy. He was a part of a Nordic intellectual group here, which included Julius Middelthun, Christoffer Borch, Johan Peter Weisse and Niels Ravnkilde.", "title": "Johannes Forchhammer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Per Linguam is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Stellenbosch University. It covers topics related to language learning and applied language studies and has more recently started including a focus on multilingualism and educational psychology. The issue of multilingualism, in particular, has been identified as an important issue in South Africa.", "title": "Per Linguam" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Smash Lab\" team is composed of Deanne Bell (scientist), Chuck Messer (engineer), Nick Blair (designer, season 1 only), Kevin Cook (creative expert, season 1 only), Reverend Gadget (fabricator, season 2 only), and Nathaniel Taylor (artisan, season 2 only). Blair has a degree in industrial design, and both Bell and Cook have degrees in mechanical engineering. Messer has an undergraduate degree in industrial engineering as well as a graduate degree in industrial design.", "title": "Smash Lab" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively.", "title": "University of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Najand Institute of Higher Education is a public university located in Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran. Najand offers bachelor's degree and associate degrees in engineering and basic sciences. In 2010 Najand started operations with approximately 200 students; in 2012 enrolment had reached 600 students.", "title": "Najand Institute of Higher Education" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir George Matthew McNaughton CB (31 January 1893 – 31 August 1966) was a British civil engineer who specialised in hydraulic engineering. McNaughton was born in Dundee and received a degree in engineering from the University of St Andrews. He interrupted his studies to become an officer in the British Army during the First World War before he was forced to retire due to ill health. After the war he completed his degree and joined an engineering firm where his work included the Silent Valley Reservoir in Northern Ireland. In 1929 he entered government service at the Ministry of Health and eventually became the ministry's Chief Engineer. His work was recognised by an appointment as a Companion of the Order of the Bath and a knighthood. He retired in 1960 and served as President of the Institution of Civil Engineers for 1961-2.", "title": "George Matthew McNaughton" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Engineering Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on engineering education that is published by the American Society for Engineering Education. The editor-in-chief is Lisa C. Benson (Clemson University).", "title": "Journal of Engineering Education" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneshwar (CIPET; ) is one the Central Governmental Research Institution of India, which was established in the year of 1968 and is one of 15 Institute under Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India). The Institute offers Doctoral Programme in Polymer Science, Material Science and Plastics Engineering, Masters, Bachelor's degree Programs in affiliation with Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, accredited by All India Council of Technical Education.", "title": "Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eric Mazur (born November 14, 1954) is a physicist and educator at Harvard University, and an entrepreneur in technology start-ups for the educational and technology markets. Mazur's research is in experimental ultrafast optics and condensed matter physics. Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Leiden University.", "title": "Eric Mazur" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He received a BFA in 1963 from the Philadelphia College of Art and an MFA in 1969 from the University of Kansas. He was a professor at the Massachusetts College of Art for more than thirty years.", "title": "George Greenamyer" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansour bin Mutaib received all his higher education degrees from George Washington University: a bachelor of arts degree in business administration in 1976; a master of arts degree in 1979 and a PhD in public administration in 1986. His thesis has the title of ‘Improvement in the productivity of public sector in the Kingdom”.", "title": "Mansour bin Mutaib Al Saud" } ]	When did George Greenamyer's university start issuing engineering degrees?	1873	[]	Title: University of Kansas Passage: The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873. Title: Eric Mazur Passage: Eric Mazur (born November 14, 1954) is a physicist and educator at Harvard University, and an entrepreneur in technology start-ups for the educational and technology markets. Mazur's research is in experimental ultrafast optics and condensed matter physics. Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Leiden University. Title: Arne Blomberg Passage: Arne Blomberg, was born in 1930 in Gothenburg, Sweden. He started off by studying at Valand School of Art and continued later on at the Goldsmiths´Company Trege where he got a journeyman exam, and followed up by an engineering degree and a master's degree as engraver. Title: Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar Passage: Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneshwar (CIPET; ) is one the Central Governmental Research Institution of India, which was established in the year of 1968 and is one of 15 Institute under Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India). The Institute offers Doctoral Programme in Polymer Science, Material Science and Plastics Engineering, Masters, Bachelor's degree Programs in affiliation with Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, accredited by All India Council of Technical Education. Title: Per Linguam Passage: Per Linguam is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Stellenbosch University. It covers topics related to language learning and applied language studies and has more recently started including a focus on multilingualism and educational psychology. The issue of multilingualism, in particular, has been identified as an important issue in South Africa. Title: University of Notre Dame Passage: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively. Title: Institute of technology Passage: Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education. Title: Johannes Forchhammer Passage: He was born in Copenhagen as a son of Johan Georg Forchhammer. He was a nephew of August Friedrich Wilhelm Forchhammer. He finished his secondary education in 1843, and completed the cand.philol. degree in 1848. He took the magistratus degree in 1852, and then studied for a period in Italy. He was a part of a Nordic intellectual group here, which included Julius Middelthun, Christoffer Borch, Johan Peter Weisse and Niels Ravnkilde. Title: Enrique Bolaños Passage: Enrique José Bolaños Geyer (born May 13, 1928) was the President of Nicaragua from January 10, 2002 to January 10, 2007. He received his education in the United States, graduating with a bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering from Saint Louis University in 1962. Title: Mansour bin Mutaib Al Saud Passage: Mansour bin Mutaib received all his higher education degrees from George Washington University: a bachelor of arts degree in business administration in 1976; a master of arts degree in 1979 and a PhD in public administration in 1986. His thesis has the title of ‘Improvement in the productivity of public sector in the Kingdom”. Title: Tami Bond Passage: Tami Bond received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in 1993. She went on to post graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley, where she was awarded a Masters of Science in engineering in 1995, focusing on combustion. In 2000, she completed study for an interdisciplinary Doctor of Philosophy degree in Atmospheric Sciences, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, again from the University of Washington. Title: Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering Passage: Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering (HGCE) is a private degree engineering and degree management college located near Vahelal village, district Ahmedabad in Gujarat state, India. The college is affiliated to the GTU and all of the courses are approved by the AICTE. Title: Institute of technology Passage: In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north: Title: Sammu Raghu De Silva Chandrakeerthy Passage: Prof. Sammu Raghu De Silva Chandrakeerthy was born in 1945 and had his schooling at Richmond College, Galle. He entered the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Ceylon at Peradeniya in 1963 and graduated in 1967 with an Honours Degree in Civil Engineering. He obtained the PhD degree specializing in Structural Engineering in 1973, from the University of Sheffield, England. Title: George Greenamyer Passage: He received a BFA in 1963 from the Philadelphia College of Art and an MFA in 1969 from the University of Kansas. He was a professor at the Massachusetts College of Art for more than thirty years. Title: Noriaki Kano Passage: Noriaki Kano completed his undergraduate, masters, and doctoral degrees in the engineering school of the University of Tokyo. He retired from the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) after 35 years in research and education, as a lecturer and associate professor at the University of Electro-Communications and a full professor and head of the Department of Management Science at TUS. Title: Journal of Engineering Education Passage: The Journal of Engineering Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on engineering education that is published by the American Society for Engineering Education. The editor-in-chief is Lisa C. Benson (Clemson University). Title: Najand Institute of Higher Education Passage: Najand Institute of Higher Education is a public university located in Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran. Najand offers bachelor's degree and associate degrees in engineering and basic sciences. In 2010 Najand started operations with approximately 200 students; in 2012 enrolment had reached 600 students. Title: Smash Lab Passage: The "Smash Lab" team is composed of Deanne Bell (scientist), Chuck Messer (engineer), Nick Blair (designer, season 1 only), Kevin Cook (creative expert, season 1 only), Reverend Gadget (fabricator, season 2 only), and Nathaniel Taylor (artisan, season 2 only). Blair has a degree in industrial design, and both Bell and Cook have degrees in mechanical engineering. Messer has an undergraduate degree in industrial engineering as well as a graduate degree in industrial design. Title: George Matthew McNaughton Passage: Sir George Matthew McNaughton CB (31 January 1893 – 31 August 1966) was a British civil engineer who specialised in hydraulic engineering. McNaughton was born in Dundee and received a degree in engineering from the University of St Andrews. He interrupted his studies to become an officer in the British Army during the First World War before he was forced to retire due to ill health. After the war he completed his degree and joined an engineering firm where his work included the Silent Valley Reservoir in Northern Ireland. In 1929 he entered government service at the Ministry of Health and eventually became the ministry's Chief Engineer. His work was recognised by an appointment as a Companion of the Order of the Bath and a knighthood. He retired in 1960 and served as President of the Institution of Civil Engineers for 1961-2.	[ "University of Kansas", "George Greenamyer" ]
2hop__4502_754711	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Locke is a fictional character played by Terry O'Quinn on the ABC television series \"Lost\". He is named after the English philosopher of the same name. In 2007, O'Quinn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Locke.", "title": "John Locke (Lost)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Narendra Kumar Salve (18 March 1921 – 1 April 2012) better known as N. K. P. Salve, was a veteran Indian politician from Indian National Congress, parliamentarian and a cricket administrator. Former Union minister and president of Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) (1982–1985), he was instrumental in bringing the Cricket World Cup outside England and to the Indian subcontinent in 1987. Salve was a staunch advocate for the separate statehood of Vidarbha.", "title": "N. K. P. Salve" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a \"Court Packing\" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The game was televised nationally by ESPN. On January 8, 2018, the network announced that its broadcast would feature a live performance by Kendrick Lamar during halftime. This performance was separate from the event proper at Mercedes - Benz Stadium (which featured a traditional halftime show with the marching bands of the participating teams), and originated from Centennial Olympic Park.", "title": "2018 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives—and § 7—requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House—represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2⁄3 majority. Legislation may always prescribe regulations governing executive officers.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 17th century, thousands of English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. Puritans were generally members of the Church of England who believed that the Church of England was insufficiently reformed, retaining too much of its Roman Catholic doctrinal roots, and who therefore opposed royal ecclesiastical policy under Elizabeth I of England, James I of England, and Charles I of England. Most Puritans were ``non-separating Puritans '', meaning that they did not advocate setting up separate congregations distinct from the Church of England; a small minority of Puritans were`` separating Puritans'' who advocated setting up congregations outside the Church. The Pilgrims were a Separatist group, and they established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Non-separating Puritans played leading roles in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, the Saybrook Colony in 1635, the Connecticut Colony in 1636, and the New Haven Colony in 1638. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was established by settlers expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of their unorthodox religious opinions. Puritans were also active in New Hampshire before it became a crown colony in 1691.", "title": "History of the Puritans in North America" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naseeruddin Shah as Advocate Malkani Bhisham Sahni as Mohan Joshi Dina Pathak as Joshi's wife Deepti Naval Mohan Gokhale Rohini Hattangadi as Advocate Pankaj Kapur Amjad Khan as Kundan Kapadia, landlord Satish Shah as Advocate Salim Ghouse as Advocate Anjali Paigankar as Joshi's Son's girlfriend", "title": "Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The amount of signal received from a distant transmission source is essentially geometric in nature due to the inverse square law, and this leads to the concept of effective area. This measures the performance of an antenna by comparing the amount of power it generates to the amount of power in the original signal, measured in terms of the signal's power density in Watts per square metre. A half-wave dipole has an effective area of 0.13 2. If more performance is needed, one cannot simply make the antenna larger. Although this would intercept more energy from the signal, due to the considerations above, it would decrease the output significantly due to it moving away from the resonant length. In roles where higher performance is needed, designers often use multiple elements combined together.", "title": "Antenna (radio)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Carter Twin-Engine was an American automobile manufactured between 1907 and 1908. Predecessor to the Washington, it featured two separate 35 hp internal combustion power units.", "title": "Carter Twin-Engine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislative branches overlap.", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federalist No. 51, titled: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments, is an essay by James Madison, the fifty - first of The Federalist Papers. It was published on February 8, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. One of the most famous of The Federalist papers, No. 51 addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government. One of its most important ideas is the often quoted phrase, ``Ambition must be made to counteract ambition ''and its`` if men were angels'' argument is famous.", "title": "Federalist No. 51" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lester Brown has argued that \"a world facing the prospect of economically disruptive climate change can no longer justify subsidies to expand the burning of coal and oil. Shifting these subsidies to the development of climate-benign energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate.\" The International Solar Energy Society advocates \"leveling the playing field\" by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D, in which the fossil fuel and nuclear power receive the largest share of financial support.", "title": "Renewable energy commercialization" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Section 1 is a vesting clause that bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress. Similar clauses are found in Articles II and III. The former confers executive power upon the President alone, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the federal judiciary. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of the USB 3.1 suite. It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate Type-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased VBUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Clarence River Advocate was a newspaper published in Maclean, New South Wales, Australia from 1877 to 22 September 1949. It has also been published as the \"Clarence River Advocate and General Advertiser\" and the \"Lower Clarence Advocate\".", "title": "The Clarence River Advocate" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.", "title": "Protestantism" } ]	Who played the fictional Lost character named after the individual who was an advocate of separation of powers?	Terry O'Quinn	[]	Title: History of the Puritans in North America Passage: In the early 17th century, thousands of English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. Puritans were generally members of the Church of England who believed that the Church of England was insufficiently reformed, retaining too much of its Roman Catholic doctrinal roots, and who therefore opposed royal ecclesiastical policy under Elizabeth I of England, James I of England, and Charles I of England. Most Puritans were ``non-separating Puritans '', meaning that they did not advocate setting up separate congregations distinct from the Church of England; a small minority of Puritans were`` separating Puritans'' who advocated setting up congregations outside the Church. The Pilgrims were a Separatist group, and they established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Non-separating Puritans played leading roles in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, the Saybrook Colony in 1635, the Connecticut Colony in 1636, and the New Haven Colony in 1638. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was established by settlers expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of their unorthodox religious opinions. Puritans were also active in New Hampshire before it became a crown colony in 1691. Title: USB Passage: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of the USB 3.1 suite. It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate Type-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased VBUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories. Title: Federalist No. 51 Passage: Federalist No. 51, titled: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments, is an essay by James Madison, the fifty - first of The Federalist Papers. It was published on February 8, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. One of the most famous of The Federalist papers, No. 51 addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government. One of its most important ideas is the often quoted phrase, ``Ambition must be made to counteract ambition ''and its`` if men were angels'' argument is famous. Title: John Locke (Lost) Passage: John Locke is a fictional character played by Terry O'Quinn on the ABC television series "Lost". He is named after the English philosopher of the same name. In 2007, O'Quinn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Locke. Title: The Clarence River Advocate Passage: The Clarence River Advocate was a newspaper published in Maclean, New South Wales, Australia from 1877 to 22 September 1949. It has also been published as the "Clarence River Advocate and General Advertiser" and the "Lower Clarence Advocate". Title: Separation of powers Passage: The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislative branches overlap. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a "Court Packing" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power. Title: Antenna (radio) Passage: The amount of signal received from a distant transmission source is essentially geometric in nature due to the inverse square law, and this leads to the concept of effective area. This measures the performance of an antenna by comparing the amount of power it generates to the amount of power in the original signal, measured in terms of the signal's power density in Watts per square metre. A half-wave dipole has an effective area of 0.13 2. If more performance is needed, one cannot simply make the antenna larger. Although this would intercept more energy from the signal, due to the considerations above, it would decrease the output significantly due to it moving away from the resonant length. In roles where higher performance is needed, designers often use multiple elements combined together. Title: 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship Passage: The game was televised nationally by ESPN. On January 8, 2018, the network announced that its broadcast would feature a live performance by Kendrick Lamar during halftime. This performance was separate from the event proper at Mercedes - Benz Stadium (which featured a traditional halftime show with the marching bands of the participating teams), and originated from Centennial Olympic Park. Title: Separation of powers Passage: Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States. Title: Protestantism Passage: They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church. Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: Lester Brown has argued that "a world facing the prospect of economically disruptive climate change can no longer justify subsidies to expand the burning of coal and oil. Shifting these subsidies to the development of climate-benign energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate." The International Solar Energy Society advocates "leveling the playing field" by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D, in which the fossil fuel and nuclear power receive the largest share of financial support. Title: Article One of the United States Constitution Passage: Section 1 is a vesting clause that bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress. Similar clauses are found in Articles II and III. The former confers executive power upon the President alone, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the federal judiciary. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. Title: N. K. P. Salve Passage: Narendra Kumar Salve (18 March 1921 – 1 April 2012) better known as N. K. P. Salve, was a veteran Indian politician from Indian National Congress, parliamentarian and a cricket administrator. Former Union minister and president of Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) (1982–1985), he was instrumental in bringing the Cricket World Cup outside England and to the Indian subcontinent in 1987. Salve was a staunch advocate for the separate statehood of Vidarbha. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution. Title: Oklahoma Passage: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts. Title: Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho! Passage: Naseeruddin Shah as Advocate Malkani Bhisham Sahni as Mohan Joshi Dina Pathak as Joshi's wife Deepti Naval Mohan Gokhale Rohini Hattangadi as Advocate Pankaj Kapur Amjad Khan as Kundan Kapadia, landlord Satish Shah as Advocate Salim Ghouse as Advocate Anjali Paigankar as Joshi's Son's girlfriend Title: Carter Twin-Engine Passage: The Carter Twin-Engine was an American automobile manufactured between 1907 and 1908. Predecessor to the Washington, it featured two separate 35 hp internal combustion power units. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives—and § 7—requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House—represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2⁄3 majority. Legislation may always prescribe regulations governing executive officers.	[ "John Locke (Lost)", "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" ]
3hop1__159993_74189_73100	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Anvil was a series of 21 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1975-1976 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Bedrock\" series and preceded the \"Operation Fulcrum\" series.", "title": "Operation Anvil (nuclear test)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qal'at Ja'bar (, ) is a castle on the left bank of Lake Assad in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. Its site, formerly a prominent hill-top overlooking the Euphrates Valley, is now an island in Lake Assad that can only be reached by an artificial causeway. Although the hilltop on which the castle sits was possibly already fortified in the 7th century, the current structures are primarily the work of Nur ad-Din Zangi, who rebuilt the castle from 1168 onwards. Since 1965, several excavations have been carried out in and around the castle, as well as restoration works of the walls and towers. The castle was a Turkish exclave between 1921 and 1973.", "title": "Qal'at Ja'bar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bankas Snoras AB was founded 1992 as a regional bank of Šiauliai and renamed to its current name in 1993. It was recognised as the best bank in Lithuania in 2006 by financial publisher \"The Banker\". However, an inspection at the bank in November 2011 revealed poor asset quality, weak risk management and lack of proper operating data. The check also revealed that the bank has ignored the central bank's recommendation to reduce operating risks.", "title": "Snoras" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Underground tests in the United States continued until 1992 (its last nuclear test), the Soviet Union until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, and both China and France until 1996. In signing the Comprehensive Nuclear - Test - Ban Treaty in 1996, these states have pledged to discontinue all nuclear testing; the treaty has not yet entered into force because of failure to be ratified by eight countries. Non-signatories India and Pakistan last tested nuclear weapons in 1998. North Korea conducted nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017. The most recent confirmed nuclear test occurred in September 2017 in North Korea.", "title": "Nuclear weapons testing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the ECB shoulder the burden of monetary expansion (and potential inflation) to save the weak member countries. Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced. This preference has typically led the ECB to argue that the weaker member countries must:", "title": "European Central Bank" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. \"The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II.\" With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named \"Ivy Mike,\" the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as \"by far the most contaminated place in the world.\"", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by Her Majesty's Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Since 1979 management of the economy has followed a broadly laissez - faire approach. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates, quantitative easing, and forward guidance.", "title": "Economy of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea has a military nuclear weapons program and also has a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons. As of 2003, North Korea is no longer a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The country has come under sanctions after conducting a number of nuclear tests, beginning in 2006.", "title": "North Korea and weapons of mass destruction" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Bank of Cuba (, BCC) is the central bank of Cuba. It was created in 1997 to take over many of the functions of the National Bank of Cuba (). From its creation until May 2009, the president was Francisco Soberón Valdés, and the current head is Irma Margarita Martínez Castrillón.", "title": "Central Bank of Cuba" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pokhran - II was the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second Indian nuclear test; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "title": "Pokhran-II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008. Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis ``unprecedented ''.", "title": "Quantitative easing" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The euro is managed and administered by the Frankfurt-based European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem (composed of the central banks of the eurozone countries). As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy. The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of notes and coins in all member states, and the operation of the eurozone payment systems.", "title": "Euro" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Project 56 was a series of 4 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1955-1956 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Wigwam\" series and preceded the \"Operation Redwing\" series.", "title": "Project 56 (nuclear test)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.", "title": "Federal Reserve" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in March 2009, the Bank of England had purchased around £165 billion in assets as of September 2009 and around £175 billion in assets by the end of October 2009. At its meeting in November 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to increase total asset purchases to £200 billion. Most of the assets purchased have been UK government securities (gilts); the Bank has also purchased smaller quantities of high - quality private - sector assets. In December 2010, MPC member Adam Posen called for a £50 billion expansion of the Bank's quantitative easing programme, while his colleague Andrew Sentance has called for an increase in interest rates due to inflation being above the target rate of 2%. In October 2011, the Bank of England announced that it would undertake another round of QE, creating an additional £75 billion. In February 2012 it announced an additional £50 billion. In July 2012 it announced another £50 billion, bringing the total amount to £375 billion. The Bank has said that it will not buy more than 70% of any issue of government debt. This means that at least 30% of any issue of government debt will have to be purchased and held by institutions other than the Bank of England. In 2012 the Bank estimated that quantitative easing had benefited households differentially according to the assets they hold; richer households have more assets.", "title": "Quantitative easing" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The picture below shows the Shrimp device, detonated on March 1, 1954 at Bikini, as the Castle Bravo test. Its 15-megaton explosion was the largest ever by the United States. The silhouette of a man is shown for scale. The device is supported from below, at the ends. The pipes going into the shot cab ceiling, which appear to be supports, are actually diagnostic light pipes. The eight pipes at the right end (1) sent information about the detonation of the primary. Two in the middle (2) marked the time when x-radiation from the primary reached the radiation channel around the secondary. The last two pipes (3) noted the time radiation reached the far end of the radiation channel, the difference between (2) and (3) being the radiation transit time for the channel.", "title": "Nuclear weapon design" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "title": "Pokhran-II" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.", "title": "European Central Bank" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auchinleck Castle was a castle built on a rocky promontory on the eastern bank of the Lugar Water, East Ayrshire, Scotland across the river from Ochiltree Castle. It was built by the Auchinleck family in the 13th century.", "title": "Auchinleck Castle, East Ayrshire" } ]	When did the current central bank of the country that conducted the Castle Bravo test start quantitative easing?	during the Great Depression of the 1930s	[ "Great Depression" ]	Title: Snoras Passage: Bankas Snoras AB was founded 1992 as a regional bank of Šiauliai and renamed to its current name in 1993. It was recognised as the best bank in Lithuania in 2006 by financial publisher "The Banker". However, an inspection at the bank in November 2011 revealed poor asset quality, weak risk management and lack of proper operating data. The check also revealed that the bank has ignored the central bank's recommendation to reduce operating risks. Title: Israel Passage: Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America. Title: Operation Anvil (nuclear test) Passage: Operation Anvil was a series of 21 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1975-1976 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the "Operation Bedrock" series and preceded the "Operation Fulcrum" series. Title: Marshall Islands Passage: During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world." Title: Economy of the United Kingdom Passage: Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by Her Majesty's Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Since 1979 management of the economy has followed a broadly laissez - faire approach. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates, quantitative easing, and forward guidance. Title: European Central Bank Passage: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand. Title: Federal Reserve Passage: The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System. Title: Nuclear weapon design Passage: The picture below shows the Shrimp device, detonated on March 1, 1954 at Bikini, as the Castle Bravo test. Its 15-megaton explosion was the largest ever by the United States. The silhouette of a man is shown for scale. The device is supported from below, at the ends. The pipes going into the shot cab ceiling, which appear to be supports, are actually diagnostic light pipes. The eight pipes at the right end (1) sent information about the detonation of the primary. Two in the middle (2) marked the time when x-radiation from the primary reached the radiation channel around the secondary. The last two pipes (3) noted the time radiation reached the far end of the radiation channel, the difference between (2) and (3) being the radiation transit time for the channel. Title: Auchinleck Castle, East Ayrshire Passage: Auchinleck Castle was a castle built on a rocky promontory on the eastern bank of the Lugar Water, East Ayrshire, Scotland across the river from Ochiltree Castle. It was built by the Auchinleck family in the 13th century. Title: Nuclear weapons testing Passage: Underground tests in the United States continued until 1992 (its last nuclear test), the Soviet Union until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, and both China and France until 1996. In signing the Comprehensive Nuclear - Test - Ban Treaty in 1996, these states have pledged to discontinue all nuclear testing; the treaty has not yet entered into force because of failure to be ratified by eight countries. Non-signatories India and Pakistan last tested nuclear weapons in 1998. North Korea conducted nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017. The most recent confirmed nuclear test occurred in September 2017 in North Korea. Title: Central Bank of Cuba Passage: The Central Bank of Cuba (, BCC) is the central bank of Cuba. It was created in 1997 to take over many of the functions of the National Bank of Cuba (). From its creation until May 2009, the president was Francisco Soberón Valdés, and the current head is Irma Margarita Martínez Castrillón. Title: Project 56 (nuclear test) Passage: Operation Project 56 was a series of 4 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1955-1956 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the "Operation Wigwam" series and preceded the "Operation Redwing" series. Title: Euro Passage: The euro is managed and administered by the Frankfurt-based European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem (composed of the central banks of the eurozone countries). As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy. The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of notes and coins in all member states, and the operation of the eurozone payment systems. Title: Quantitative easing Passage: Beginning in March 2009, the Bank of England had purchased around £165 billion in assets as of September 2009 and around £175 billion in assets by the end of October 2009. At its meeting in November 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to increase total asset purchases to £200 billion. Most of the assets purchased have been UK government securities (gilts); the Bank has also purchased smaller quantities of high - quality private - sector assets. In December 2010, MPC member Adam Posen called for a £50 billion expansion of the Bank's quantitative easing programme, while his colleague Andrew Sentance has called for an increase in interest rates due to inflation being above the target rate of 2%. In October 2011, the Bank of England announced that it would undertake another round of QE, creating an additional £75 billion. In February 2012 it announced an additional £50 billion. In July 2012 it announced another £50 billion, bringing the total amount to £375 billion. The Bank has said that it will not buy more than 70% of any issue of government debt. This means that at least 30% of any issue of government debt will have to be purchased and held by institutions other than the Bank of England. In 2012 the Bank estimated that quantitative easing had benefited households differentially according to the assets they hold; richer households have more assets. Title: Qal'at Ja'bar Passage: Qal'at Ja'bar (, ) is a castle on the left bank of Lake Assad in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. Its site, formerly a prominent hill-top overlooking the Euphrates Valley, is now an island in Lake Assad that can only be reached by an artificial causeway. Although the hilltop on which the castle sits was possibly already fortified in the 7th century, the current structures are primarily the work of Nur ad-Din Zangi, who rebuilt the castle from 1168 onwards. Since 1965, several excavations have been carried out in and around the castle, as well as restoration works of the walls and towers. The castle was a Turkish exclave between 1921 and 1973. Title: European Central Bank Passage: Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the ECB shoulder the burden of monetary expansion (and potential inflation) to save the weak member countries. Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced. This preference has typically led the ECB to argue that the weaker member countries must: Title: Quantitative easing Passage: The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008. Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis ``unprecedented ''. Title: Pokhran-II Passage: Pokhran - II was the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second Indian nuclear test; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974. Title: Pokhran-II Passage: The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974. Title: North Korea and weapons of mass destruction Passage: North Korea has a military nuclear weapons program and also has a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons. As of 2003, North Korea is no longer a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The country has come under sanctions after conducting a number of nuclear tests, beginning in 2006.	[ "Quantitative easing", "Federal Reserve", "Nuclear weapon design" ]
2hop__245640_47824	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Butt Road Jama Masjid is a mosque located in St Thomas Mount on the outskirts of Chennai, India. Situated at a distance of 13 kilometres from Chennai city and 2 kilometres from Guindy on the Mount-Poonamallee Road, the mosque caters to the Muslim population of the suburb and the nearby cantonment.", "title": "Butt Road Jumma Masjid" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinese Mosque, Rantau Panjang or Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque and Beijing Mosque (Malay: Masjid China, Rantau Panjang or Masjid Jubli Perak Sultan Ismail Petra and Masjid Beijing) is a Chinese-style mosque in Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The mosque resembles the 1,000-year-old Niujie Mosque in Beijing, China.", "title": "Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tongxin Great Mosque () is a mosque in Tongxin County, Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The mosque is the oldest and largest mosque in Ningxia.", "title": "Tongxin Great Mosque" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Şemsi Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Şemsi Pasha. The Mosque is one of the smallest to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier in Constantinople, however it is its miniature dimensions combined with its picturesque waterfront location which have made it one of the most attractive mosques in the city. The Mosque is a celebrated example of the chief architect's skill in organically blending architecture with the natural landscape.", "title": "Şemsi Pasha Mosque" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hassan II Mosque (, ) is a mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. It is the largest mosque in Africa, and the 5th largest in the world. Its minaret is the world's second tallest minaret at . Completed in 1993, it was designed by Michel Pinseau and built by Bouygues. The minaret is 60 stories high topped by a laser, the light from which is directed towards Mecca. The mosque stands on a promontory looking out to the Atlantic Ocean; worshippers can pray over the sea but there is no glass floor looking into the sea. The walls are of hand-crafted marble and the roof is retractable. A maximum of 105,000 worshippers can gather together for prayer: 25,000 inside the mosque hall and another 80,000 on the mosque's outside ground.", "title": "Hassan II Mosque" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque, (), is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood, Serencebey rise of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey. A late Ottoman period mosque, it is constructed as a külliye consisting of a tekke, guest house, türbe, fountain, and library in addition to the mosque.", "title": "Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى ‎ ‎ Al - Masjid al - 'Aqṣā, IPA: (ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsʕɑ) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash - Sharif (`` the Noble Sanctuary''), or the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al - Aqsa during the Night Journey. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba.", "title": "Al-Aqsa Mosque" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Periamet Mosque is a mosque situated on Poonamallee High Road in Chennai, India. The mosque is named after the Periamet neighbourhood in which it is located.", "title": "Periamet Mosque" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seif Palace (Arabic, قصر السيف) is a palace in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Located opposite the Grand Mosque, one of Seif Palace's best-known features is the watch tower, covered in blue tiles and with a roof plated in pure gold. Local materials such as clay, rocks, limestone, wood and metals were used in its construction.", "title": "Seif Palace" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shah Jahan Mosque (also known as Woking Mosque) in Oriental Road, Woking, England, is the first purpose - built mosque in the United Kingdom. Built in 1889, it is located 30 miles (50 km) southwest of London.", "title": "Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red Mosque () is a ruined mosque in Berat Castle, Berat, Albania. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania since 1961.", "title": "Red Mosque, Berat" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is a 16th century Ottoman mosque located in the Edirnekapı neighborhood near the Byzantine land walls of Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned by Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and designed by the chief imperial architect Mimar Sinan. Sited on the peak of the Sixth Hill near the highest point of the city, the mosque is a prominent landmark in Istanbul.", "title": "Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site.", "title": "Sultan Ahmed Mosque" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Borcak is a village in the District of Söğüt, Bilecik Province, Turkey. As of 2010, it had a population of 133 people.", "title": "Borcak, Söğüt" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first mosque built in New York City. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive, is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location.", "title": "Islamic Cultural Center of New York" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grand Jamia Mosque Lahore () is a mosque located in Bahria Town, Lahore, Pakistan. With a capacity of 80,000 worshippers, it is the third largest mosque in Pakistan and the fourteenth largest mosque in the world.", "title": "Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mosque of the Martyrs (), also popularly known as the Turkish Mosque, is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan, near the Martyrs' Lane. The mosque was built in the beginning of the 1990s with assistance of the Turkish government. The mosque currently is used as an official residence of religious attaché of the Turkish embassy. The mosque has been under construction since 2009.", "title": "Mosque of the Martyrs" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline.", "title": "Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1902, Zivar bey Ahmadbeyov graduated from Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. From this year to 1917, Ahmadbeyov worked as an architect in Baku Governorate, then in Baku City Council. After the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Ahmadbeyov became the chief architect of Baku and held this post until 1922. Two of the largest mosques in Baku, the Baku-Blue Mosque and Taza Pir Mosque were constructed according to the projects of Ahmadbeyov. Murtuza Mukhtarov Mosque, which was constructed according to Ahmadbeyov's project in the municipality of Amirjan in Baku, was added to the list of historical monuments of UNESCO. Besides that, Ahmadbeyov is the architect of a lot of houses in Vladikavkaz and the building of the Ophthalmology Institute in Baku.", "title": "Zivar bey Ahmadbeyov" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Atiq Mosque (also called the Great Mosque, or al-Kabir mosque) () is a mosque in the oasis village of Awjila, in the Sahara desert of the Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya. The community dates back to classical times. Since being taken by the Arabs in the seventh century, Islam has always played a central role in the life of Awjila. The 12th-century mosque, the oldest in the region, has unusual conical domes made of mudbrick and limestone that provide light and ventilation.", "title": "Atiq Mosque, Awjila" } ]	Where is the blue mosque located in the country where Borcak is found?	Istanbul	[]	Title: Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore Passage: Grand Jamia Mosque Lahore () is a mosque located in Bahria Town, Lahore, Pakistan. With a capacity of 80,000 worshippers, it is the third largest mosque in Pakistan and the fourteenth largest mosque in the world. Title: Al-Aqsa Mosque Passage: Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى ‎ ‎ Al - Masjid al - 'Aqṣā, IPA: (ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsʕɑ) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash - Sharif (`` the Noble Sanctuary''), or the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al - Aqsa during the Night Journey. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba. Title: Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı) Passage: The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is a 16th century Ottoman mosque located in the Edirnekapı neighborhood near the Byzantine land walls of Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned by Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and designed by the chief imperial architect Mimar Sinan. Sited on the peak of the Sixth Hill near the highest point of the city, the mosque is a prominent landmark in Istanbul. Title: Periamet Mosque Passage: Periamet Mosque is a mosque situated on Poonamallee High Road in Chennai, India. The mosque is named after the Periamet neighbourhood in which it is located. Title: Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque Passage: The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque, (), is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood, Serencebey rise of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey. A late Ottoman period mosque, it is constructed as a külliye consisting of a tekke, guest house, türbe, fountain, and library in addition to the mosque. Title: Islamic Cultural Center of New York Passage: The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first mosque built in New York City. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive, is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location. Title: Sultan Ahmed Mosque Passage: The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site. Title: Atiq Mosque, Awjila Passage: The Atiq Mosque (also called the Great Mosque, or al-Kabir mosque) () is a mosque in the oasis village of Awjila, in the Sahara desert of the Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya. The community dates back to classical times. Since being taken by the Arabs in the seventh century, Islam has always played a central role in the life of Awjila. The 12th-century mosque, the oldest in the region, has unusual conical domes made of mudbrick and limestone that provide light and ventilation. Title: Seif Palace Passage: Seif Palace (Arabic, قصر السيف) is a palace in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Located opposite the Grand Mosque, one of Seif Palace's best-known features is the watch tower, covered in blue tiles and with a roof plated in pure gold. Local materials such as clay, rocks, limestone, wood and metals were used in its construction. Title: Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren) Passage: The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline. Title: Butt Road Jumma Masjid Passage: The Butt Road Jama Masjid is a mosque located in St Thomas Mount on the outskirts of Chennai, India. Situated at a distance of 13 kilometres from Chennai city and 2 kilometres from Guindy on the Mount-Poonamallee Road, the mosque caters to the Muslim population of the suburb and the nearby cantonment. Title: Red Mosque, Berat Passage: The Red Mosque () is a ruined mosque in Berat Castle, Berat, Albania. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania since 1961. Title: Hassan II Mosque Passage: The Hassan II Mosque (, ) is a mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. It is the largest mosque in Africa, and the 5th largest in the world. Its minaret is the world's second tallest minaret at . Completed in 1993, it was designed by Michel Pinseau and built by Bouygues. The minaret is 60 stories high topped by a laser, the light from which is directed towards Mecca. The mosque stands on a promontory looking out to the Atlantic Ocean; worshippers can pray over the sea but there is no glass floor looking into the sea. The walls are of hand-crafted marble and the roof is retractable. A maximum of 105,000 worshippers can gather together for prayer: 25,000 inside the mosque hall and another 80,000 on the mosque's outside ground. Title: Mosque of the Martyrs Passage: The Mosque of the Martyrs (), also popularly known as the Turkish Mosque, is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan, near the Martyrs' Lane. The mosque was built in the beginning of the 1990s with assistance of the Turkish government. The mosque currently is used as an official residence of religious attaché of the Turkish embassy. The mosque has been under construction since 2009. Title: Şemsi Pasha Mosque Passage: The Şemsi Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Şemsi Pasha. The Mosque is one of the smallest to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier in Constantinople, however it is its miniature dimensions combined with its picturesque waterfront location which have made it one of the most attractive mosques in the city. The Mosque is a celebrated example of the chief architect's skill in organically blending architecture with the natural landscape. Title: Zivar bey Ahmadbeyov Passage: In 1902, Zivar bey Ahmadbeyov graduated from Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. From this year to 1917, Ahmadbeyov worked as an architect in Baku Governorate, then in Baku City Council. After the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Ahmadbeyov became the chief architect of Baku and held this post until 1922. Two of the largest mosques in Baku, the Baku-Blue Mosque and Taza Pir Mosque were constructed according to the projects of Ahmadbeyov. Murtuza Mukhtarov Mosque, which was constructed according to Ahmadbeyov's project in the municipality of Amirjan in Baku, was added to the list of historical monuments of UNESCO. Besides that, Ahmadbeyov is the architect of a lot of houses in Vladikavkaz and the building of the Ophthalmology Institute in Baku. Title: Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking Passage: The Shah Jahan Mosque (also known as Woking Mosque) in Oriental Road, Woking, England, is the first purpose - built mosque in the United Kingdom. Built in 1889, it is located 30 miles (50 km) southwest of London. Title: Borcak, Söğüt Passage: Borcak is a village in the District of Söğüt, Bilecik Province, Turkey. As of 2010, it had a population of 133 people. Title: Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque Passage: Chinese Mosque, Rantau Panjang or Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque and Beijing Mosque (Malay: Masjid China, Rantau Panjang or Masjid Jubli Perak Sultan Ismail Petra and Masjid Beijing) is a Chinese-style mosque in Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The mosque resembles the 1,000-year-old Niujie Mosque in Beijing, China. Title: Tongxin Great Mosque Passage: The Tongxin Great Mosque () is a mosque in Tongxin County, Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The mosque is the oldest and largest mosque in Ningxia.	[ "Sultan Ahmed Mosque", "Borcak, Söğüt" ]
3hop1__715795_65665_490716	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Wish You'd Stay\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley. It was released in August 2002 as the fourth and final single from Paisley's album \"Part II\" and reached a peak of number 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in early 2003. The song was originally released as the b-side to Paisley's previous single, \"I'm Gonna Miss Her (The Fishin' Song).\" Paisley wrote this song with Chris DuBois.", "title": "I Wish You'd Stay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let Me Be There ''is a popular song written by John Rostill. It was first recorded by Olivia Newton - John in 1973 and included on her album of the same name. The country - influenced song was Newton - John's first Top 10 single in the U.S., peaking at No. 6, and also won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocalist. Mike Sammes sings a bass vocal harmony on the song.", "title": "Let Me Be There" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Redneck Friend\" (or, alternately, \"Red Neck Friend\") is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Jackson Browne, released as the first single from his 1973 album, For Everyman, and notable for its double entendre lyrics and guest appearances by Glenn Frey and Elton John, as well as the first appearance of David Lindley on a Jackson Browne single. The song reached #85 on \"Billboard\"'s Oct. 20, 1973, Hot 100 chart, spending 10 weeks on that chart after debuting at #99 on September 29, 1973. It was also released as a single in France and Japan, and as a promotional single in the United Kingdom and Germany.", "title": "Redneck Friend" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"'Til the Rivers All Run Dry\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Don Williams, who wrote the song along with Wayland Holyfield.. It was released in December 1975 as the first single from the album \"Harmony\". \"'Til the Rivers All Run Dry\" was Don Williams' fourth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country charts.", "title": "'Til the Rivers All Run Dry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released in October 1980 as the second single from the album Back to the Barrooms.`` I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink'' was Merle Haggard's twenty - sixth number one country hit. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sis Hopkins is a 1919 comedy film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Mabel Normand. The supporting cast features John Bowers and Sam De Grasse. The plot involves an unsophisticated and eccentric country girl who comes to the city to stay with wealthy relatives. Initially they underestimate her because she behaves so differently.", "title": "Sis Hopkins" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Sing for the Moment ''contains samples of the song`` Dream On'' by the rock band Aerosmith. Joe Perry plays the guitar solo at the end of the song, and a sample of Steven Tyler singing is used as the chorus for this song. Eminem chants ``sing ''when Tyler starts to sing the chorus, and Eminem also chants`` sing with me'' and ``come on ''. Eminem says the words in his live performances as well. The beginning of the song samples the intro of`` Dream On''. ``Sing for the Moment ''was later released on Eminem's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits (2005).", "title": "Sing for the Moment" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "No Nukes is a 1980 documentary and concert film that contained selections from the September 1979 Madison Square Garden concerts by the Musicians United for Safe Energy collective, with Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, Bonnie Raitt, and John Hall being the key organizers of the event and guiding forces behind the film. Also included were scenes of the organizers getting the event together, expounding upon the dangers of nuclear power, and staging an anti-nuclear rally at Battery Park in New York City.", "title": "No Nukes (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Tip of My Fingers,\" also titled \"The Tips of My Fingers,\" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Bill Anderson. First included on his 1962 album \"Bill Anderson Sings Country Heart Songs\", the song was a Top Ten country single for him in 1960.", "title": "The Tip of My Fingers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Country Music is Here to Stay\" is the first single by singer Ferlin Husky with Capitol Records under the pseudonym Simon Crum. The song peaked at No. 2 on \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for three weeks.", "title": "Country Music is Here to Stay" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"You've Never Been This Far Before\" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Conway Twitty. It was released in July 1973 as the second single and title track from the album \"You've Never Been This Far Before\". The song was Twitty's 10th number one on the country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 16 weeks on the chart.", "title": "You've Never Been This Far Before" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Heart Healer\" is a song written by John Greenebaum and Tomas Gmeiner, and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in December 1976 as the first single and title track from the album \"Heart Healer\". The song was Mel Tillis' third number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of nine weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Heart Healer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Cowboys and Clowns\" is a song written by Steve Dorff, Snuff Garrett, Gary Harju and Larry Herbstritt, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap. It was released in June 1980 and is featured on the soundtrack for the film \"Bronco Billy\". The song was Milsap's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single stayed number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Cowboys and Clowns" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Amanda ''is a 1973 song written by Bob McDill and recorded by both Don Williams (1973) and Waylon Jennings (1974).`` Amanda'' was Waylon Jennings's eighth solo number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for three weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.", "title": "Amanda (Don Williams song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"El Paso City\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Marty Robbins. It was released in March 1976 as the first single and title track from the album \"El Paso City\". The song was Robbins' 15th number one on the U.S. country singles chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent 11 weeks on the chart.", "title": "El Paso City (1976 Marty Robbins song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``We'll Sing in the Sunshine ''is a 1964 hit song written and recorded by Gale Garnett which reached number two in Canada, and number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week ending 17 October 1964. The song also enjoyed success on easy listening and country music radio stations, spending seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Easy Listening chart and number 42 on the country chart. The Cash Box Top 100 ranked`` We'll Sing in the Sunshine'' at number one for the week of 31 October 1964, and it also reached number one in Garnett's native New Zealand that November.: in Australia, ``We'll Sing in the Sunshine ''afforded Garnett a Top Ten hit with a # 10 peak in October 1964. Garnett's sole Top 40 hit,`` We'll Sing in the Sunshine'' won the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording in 1965.", "title": "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All of the regular cast performed their own vocals, although two actors were given minimal singing at their request. ``Once More, with Feeling ''is the most technically complex episode in the series, as extra voice and dance training for the cast was interspersed with the production of four other Buffy episodes. It was Joss Whedon's first attempt at writing music, and different styles -- from 1950s sitcom theme music to rock opera -- express the characters' secrets in specific ways. The episode was well received critically upon airing, specifically for containing the humor and wit to which fans had become accustomed. The musical format allowed characters to stay true to their natures while they struggled to overcome deceit and miscommunication, fitting with the sixth season's themes of growing up and facing adult responsibilities. It is considered one of the most effective and popular episodes of the series, and -- prior to a financial dispute in 2007 -- was shown in theaters with the audience invited to sing along.", "title": "Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``She's Actin 'Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles) ''is a song written by Wayne Carson and recorded by American country music singer Gary Stewart. It was released in March 1975 as the third and final single from the album, Out of Hand. The song was Gary Stewart's third top ten hit on the country chart and his only song to hit number one. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of nine weeks within the top 40.", "title": "She's Actin' Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" is a 1971 song written by Billy Sherrill and recorded by Tammy Wynette. \"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" was Tammy Wynette's ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and a total of spent fifteen weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``The Load - Out ''describes the daily practices of a band and its road crew on a concert tour, and the emotions evoked throughout such an endeavor. The first three verses of the song consist of Browne singing and playing piano with David Lindley playing steel guitar. They are later joined by a synthesizer, followed by the rest of the band. Eventually`` The Load - Out'' segues into an interpretation of Maurice Williams' 1960 hit ``Stay, ''sung by Browne, Rosemary Butler, and Lindley. It is Lindley who sings the falsetto.", "title": "The Load-Out" } ]	In what country did the person who sings on Stay with the cast member of No Nukes hold citizenship?	America	[ "U.S.", "US" ]	Title: Cowboys and Clowns Passage: "Cowboys and Clowns" is a song written by Steve Dorff, Snuff Garrett, Gary Harju and Larry Herbstritt, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap. It was released in June 1980 and is featured on the soundtrack for the film "Bronco Billy". The song was Milsap's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single stayed number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart. Title: We'll Sing in the Sunshine Passage: ``We'll Sing in the Sunshine ''is a 1964 hit song written and recorded by Gale Garnett which reached number two in Canada, and number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week ending 17 October 1964. The song also enjoyed success on easy listening and country music radio stations, spending seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Easy Listening chart and number 42 on the country chart. The Cash Box Top 100 ranked`` We'll Sing in the Sunshine'' at number one for the week of 31 October 1964, and it also reached number one in Garnett's native New Zealand that November.: in Australia, ``We'll Sing in the Sunshine ''afforded Garnett a Top Ten hit with a # 10 peak in October 1964. Garnett's sole Top 40 hit,`` We'll Sing in the Sunshine'' won the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording in 1965. Title: Amanda (Don Williams song) Passage: ``Amanda ''is a 1973 song written by Bob McDill and recorded by both Don Williams (1973) and Waylon Jennings (1974).`` Amanda'' was Waylon Jennings's eighth solo number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for three weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Title: You've Never Been This Far Before Passage: "You've Never Been This Far Before" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Conway Twitty. It was released in July 1973 as the second single and title track from the album "You've Never Been This Far Before". The song was Twitty's 10th number one on the country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 16 weeks on the chart. Title: Redneck Friend Passage: "Redneck Friend" (or, alternately, "Red Neck Friend") is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Jackson Browne, released as the first single from his 1973 album, For Everyman, and notable for its double entendre lyrics and guest appearances by Glenn Frey and Elton John, as well as the first appearance of David Lindley on a Jackson Browne single. The song reached #85 on "Billboard"'s Oct. 20, 1973, Hot 100 chart, spending 10 weeks on that chart after debuting at #99 on September 29, 1973. It was also released as a single in France and Japan, and as a promotional single in the United Kingdom and Germany. Title: I Wish You'd Stay Passage: "I Wish You'd Stay" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley. It was released in August 2002 as the fourth and final single from Paisley's album "Part II" and reached a peak of number 7 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in early 2003. The song was originally released as the b-side to Paisley's previous single, "I'm Gonna Miss Her (The Fishin' Song)." Paisley wrote this song with Chris DuBois. Title: Sing for the Moment Passage: ``Sing for the Moment ''contains samples of the song`` Dream On'' by the rock band Aerosmith. Joe Perry plays the guitar solo at the end of the song, and a sample of Steven Tyler singing is used as the chorus for this song. Eminem chants ``sing ''when Tyler starts to sing the chorus, and Eminem also chants`` sing with me'' and ``come on ''. Eminem says the words in his live performances as well. The beginning of the song samples the intro of`` Dream On''. ``Sing for the Moment ''was later released on Eminem's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits (2005). Title: 'Til the Rivers All Run Dry Passage: "'Til the Rivers All Run Dry" is a song recorded by American country music artist Don Williams, who wrote the song along with Wayland Holyfield.. It was released in December 1975 as the first single from the album "Harmony". "'Til the Rivers All Run Dry" was Don Williams' fourth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country charts. Title: Let Me Be There Passage: ``Let Me Be There ''is a popular song written by John Rostill. It was first recorded by Olivia Newton - John in 1973 and included on her album of the same name. The country - influenced song was Newton - John's first Top 10 single in the U.S., peaking at No. 6, and also won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocalist. Mike Sammes sings a bass vocal harmony on the song. Title: I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink Passage: ``I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released in October 1980 as the second single from the album Back to the Barrooms.`` I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink'' was Merle Haggard's twenty - sixth number one country hit. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart. Title: The Load-Out Passage: ``The Load - Out ''describes the daily practices of a band and its road crew on a concert tour, and the emotions evoked throughout such an endeavor. The first three verses of the song consist of Browne singing and playing piano with David Lindley playing steel guitar. They are later joined by a synthesizer, followed by the rest of the band. Eventually`` The Load - Out'' segues into an interpretation of Maurice Williams' 1960 hit ``Stay, ''sung by Browne, Rosemary Butler, and Lindley. It is Lindley who sings the falsetto. Title: Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) Passage: All of the regular cast performed their own vocals, although two actors were given minimal singing at their request. ``Once More, with Feeling ''is the most technically complex episode in the series, as extra voice and dance training for the cast was interspersed with the production of four other Buffy episodes. It was Joss Whedon's first attempt at writing music, and different styles -- from 1950s sitcom theme music to rock opera -- express the characters' secrets in specific ways. The episode was well received critically upon airing, specifically for containing the humor and wit to which fans had become accustomed. The musical format allowed characters to stay true to their natures while they struggled to overcome deceit and miscommunication, fitting with the sixth season's themes of growing up and facing adult responsibilities. It is considered one of the most effective and popular episodes of the series, and -- prior to a financial dispute in 2007 -- was shown in theaters with the audience invited to sing along. Title: Good Lovin' (Makes It Right) Passage: "Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)" is a 1971 song written by Billy Sherrill and recorded by Tammy Wynette. "Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)" was Tammy Wynette's ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and a total of spent fifteen weeks on the country chart. Title: The Tip of My Fingers Passage: "The Tip of My Fingers," also titled "The Tips of My Fingers," is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Bill Anderson. First included on his 1962 album "Bill Anderson Sings Country Heart Songs", the song was a Top Ten country single for him in 1960. Title: El Paso City (1976 Marty Robbins song) Passage: "El Paso City" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Marty Robbins. It was released in March 1976 as the first single and title track from the album "El Paso City". The song was Robbins' 15th number one on the U.S. country singles chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent 11 weeks on the chart. Title: Country Music is Here to Stay Passage: "Country Music is Here to Stay" is the first single by singer Ferlin Husky with Capitol Records under the pseudonym Simon Crum. The song peaked at No. 2 on "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart for three weeks. Title: She's Actin' Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles) Passage: ``She's Actin 'Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles) ''is a song written by Wayne Carson and recorded by American country music singer Gary Stewart. It was released in March 1975 as the third and final single from the album, Out of Hand. The song was Gary Stewart's third top ten hit on the country chart and his only song to hit number one. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of nine weeks within the top 40. Title: Sis Hopkins Passage: Sis Hopkins is a 1919 comedy film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Mabel Normand. The supporting cast features John Bowers and Sam De Grasse. The plot involves an unsophisticated and eccentric country girl who comes to the city to stay with wealthy relatives. Initially they underestimate her because she behaves so differently. Title: Heart Healer Passage: "Heart Healer" is a song written by John Greenebaum and Tomas Gmeiner, and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in December 1976 as the first single and title track from the album "Heart Healer". The song was Mel Tillis' third number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of nine weeks on the country chart. Title: No Nukes (film) Passage: No Nukes is a 1980 documentary and concert film that contained selections from the September 1979 Madison Square Garden concerts by the Musicians United for Safe Energy collective, with Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, Bonnie Raitt, and John Hall being the key organizers of the event and guiding forces behind the film. Also included were scenes of the organizers getting the event together, expounding upon the dangers of nuclear power, and staging an anti-nuclear rally at Battery Park in New York City.	[ "Redneck Friend", "No Nukes (film)", "The Load-Out" ]
2hop__127762_514685	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical \"Old Parthian\" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original dw > b (paralleling the development of *ćw).", "title": "Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.", "title": "Old English" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "IRIB Ofogh (شبكه‌ی افق \"The Horizon channel\" in Persian), is an Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting television channel, is broadcast Worldwide.", "title": "IRIB Ofogh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages:", "title": "Baltic Sea" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Western Iranian languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median.", "title": "Western Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rhoda Sutherland (1907 – 6 January 1989) was an academic who studied the French language and specialised in Old French and Old Provencal.", "title": "Rhoda Sutherland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as \"Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan\", and \"Younger Avestan\". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its \"old\" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes).", "title": "Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor \"Old Iranian\" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) \"Old\" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a \"Median\" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called \"Scythian\".", "title": "Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an \"old\" quality for official proclamations.", "title": "Iranian languages" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, as the two languages were not distinguished by most speakers. This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian.", "title": "Serbo-Croatian" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo - Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo - Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples, established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present - day England and parts of southern Scotland. They introduced the Old English language, which largely displaced the previous British language. The Anglo - Saxons warred with British successor states in Wales, Cornwall, and the Hen Ogledd (Old North; the Brythonic - speaking parts of northern England and southern Scotland), as well as with each other. Raids by Vikings became frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen settled in large parts of what is now England. During this period, several rulers attempted to unite the various Anglo - Saxon kingdoms, an effort that led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.", "title": "History of England" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mum's Guest (, translit. Mehman-e Maman, Romanized as Mehmān-e Māmān) is a 2004 Iranian family comedy film directed by Dariush Mehrjui. It is based on a book of the same name by Iranian author Houshang Moradi Kermani. It was commissioned by Sima Film, the film studio of Iranian national broadcaster IRIB. It did very well at the Iranian box office and won a number of prizes at the 22nd Fajr Film Festival.", "title": "Mum's Guest" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists. There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC. Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administrative tablets continued to be written in Sumerian, the language used by the scribes. Gelb and Westenholz differentiate three stages of Old Akkadian: that of the pre-Sargonic era, that of the Akkadian empire, and that of the \"Neo-Sumerian Renaissance\" that followed it. Akkadian and Sumerian coexisted as vernacular languages for about one thousand years, but by around 1800 BC, Sumerian was becoming more of a literary language familiar mainly only to scholars and scribes. Thorkild Jacobsen has argued that there is little break in historical continuity between the pre- and post-Sargon periods, and that too much emphasis has been placed on the perception of a \"Semitic vs. Sumerian\" conflict. However, it is certain that Akkadian was also briefly imposed on neighboring parts of Elam that were previously conquered by Sargon.", "title": "Sumer" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Proto-Slavic, sometimes referred to as Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic, is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages. That language was uniform, and on the basis of borrowings from foreign languages and Slavic borrowings into other languages, cannot be said to have any recognizable dialects, suggesting a comparatively compact homeland. Slavic linguistic unity was to some extent visible as late as Old Church Slavonic manuscripts which, though based on local Slavic speech of Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin).", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Münsterplatz is a plaza in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. It is part of the Zähringerstadt which was built during the foundation of the old city in 1191. It is located in front of the Cathedral and it is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.", "title": "Münsterplatz (Bern)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bennett Pronunciation / ˈbɛnɪt / Origin Region of origin England Language (s) Anglo - Norman, Old French Meaning ``blessed ''Other names Variant (s) Benedict, Benoît, Bénet", "title": "Bennett (name)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The \"Low\" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alter Kahn und junge Liebe (English-language title: \"Old Barge, Young Love\") is an East German (then GDR) romance film directed by Hans Heinrich. It was released in 1957.", "title": "Old Barge, Young Love (1957 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers.", "title": "Dutch language" } ]	What language family does IRIB Ofogh broadcast in?	Iranian languages	[]	Title: Iranian languages Passage: Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an "old" quality for official proclamations. Title: History of England Passage: The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo - Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo - Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples, established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present - day England and parts of southern Scotland. They introduced the Old English language, which largely displaced the previous British language. The Anglo - Saxons warred with British successor states in Wales, Cornwall, and the Hen Ogledd (Old North; the Brythonic - speaking parts of northern England and southern Scotland), as well as with each other. Raids by Vikings became frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen settled in large parts of what is now England. During this period, several rulers attempted to unite the various Anglo - Saxon kingdoms, an effort that led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England by the 10th century. Title: Dutch language Passage: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period. Title: Old Barge, Young Love (1957 film) Passage: Alter Kahn und junge Liebe (English-language title: "Old Barge, Young Love") is an East German (then GDR) romance film directed by Hans Heinrich. It was released in 1957. Title: Western Iranian languages Passage: The Western Iranian languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median. Title: Bennett (name) Passage: Bennett Pronunciation / ˈbɛnɪt / Origin Region of origin England Language (s) Anglo - Norman, Old French Meaning ``blessed ''Other names Variant (s) Benedict, Benoît, Bénet Title: Slavs Passage: Proto-Slavic, sometimes referred to as Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic, is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages. That language was uniform, and on the basis of borrowings from foreign languages and Slavic borrowings into other languages, cannot be said to have any recognizable dialects, suggesting a comparatively compact homeland. Slavic linguistic unity was to some extent visible as late as Old Church Slavonic manuscripts which, though based on local Slavic speech of Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language. Title: Iranian languages Passage: The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). Title: Czech language Passage: The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin). Title: Münsterplatz (Bern) Passage: The Münsterplatz is a plaza in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. It is part of the Zähringerstadt which was built during the foundation of the old city in 1191. It is located in front of the Cathedral and it is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City. Title: Old English Passage: Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century. Title: Baltic Sea Passage: The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages: Title: Sumer Passage: The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists. There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC. Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administrative tablets continued to be written in Sumerian, the language used by the scribes. Gelb and Westenholz differentiate three stages of Old Akkadian: that of the pre-Sargonic era, that of the Akkadian empire, and that of the "Neo-Sumerian Renaissance" that followed it. Akkadian and Sumerian coexisted as vernacular languages for about one thousand years, but by around 1800 BC, Sumerian was becoming more of a literary language familiar mainly only to scholars and scribes. Thorkild Jacobsen has argued that there is little break in historical continuity between the pre- and post-Sargon periods, and that too much emphasis has been placed on the perception of a "Semitic vs. Sumerian" conflict. However, it is certain that Akkadian was also briefly imposed on neighboring parts of Elam that were previously conquered by Sargon. Title: Dutch language Passage: Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers. Title: Rhoda Sutherland Passage: Rhoda Sutherland (1907 – 6 January 1989) was an academic who studied the French language and specialised in Old French and Old Provencal. Title: Serbo-Croatian Passage: The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, as the two languages were not distinguished by most speakers. This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian. Title: Mum's Guest Passage: Mum's Guest (, translit. Mehman-e Maman, Romanized as Mehmān-e Māmān) is a 2004 Iranian family comedy film directed by Dariush Mehrjui. It is based on a book of the same name by Iranian author Houshang Moradi Kermani. It was commissioned by Sima Film, the film studio of Iranian national broadcaster IRIB. It did very well at the Iranian box office and won a number of prizes at the 22nd Fajr Film Festival. Title: Iranian languages Passage: In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a "Median" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called "Scythian". Title: IRIB Ofogh Passage: IRIB Ofogh (شبكه‌ی افق "The Horizon channel" in Persian), is an Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting television channel, is broadcast Worldwide. Title: Iranian languages Passage: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original dw > b (paralleling the development of *ćw).	[ "IRIB Ofogh", "Western Iranian languages" ]
2hop__11050_53818	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Switch includes 32 GB of internal storage, and can be expanded up to 2 TB using a microSD, a microSDHC or a microSDXC card. If the microSD card is used, the Switch will only store game save data on the internal memory, leaving data that can be re-acquired on the microSD card. Save data will always be stored on the console, regardless if the source is a physical Game Card or a digital download copy. At launch, there was no way to transfer save files from the internal memory to the microSD card or another Switch console, though save game and profile transfers between Switch consoles were added in a system's 4.0. 0 update in October 2017. While microSD and microSDHC support was available at launch, microSDXC card support was later added to device's software via a system update. The Switch does not support external storage units at launch, but Nintendo stated that they were looking into adding this feature in the future.", "title": "Nintendo Switch" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dog, a Bull Terrier, was not without its share of controversy. Shortly after Spuds' rise to fame it was learned that the dog, who was portrayed as male in the commercials, was actually female. The ads were also the subject of attacks and calls for censorship by temperance - oriented groups. Soon after the ads were first aired in 1987, Senator Strom Thurmond began his own media campaign, claiming that the beer maker was using Spuds to appeal to children for the purpose of getting them interested in their product at an early age. By Christmas 1987, more legal action resulted from Budweiser's use of ads featuring Spuds dressed as Santa, which is illegal in states such as Ohio.", "title": "Spuds MacKenzie" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story was published as a book by Random House in 1957, and at approximately the same time in an issue of Redbook. The book criticizes the commercialization of Christmas. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named it one of its ``Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children ''. In 2012 it was ranked number 61 among the`` Top 100 Picture Books'' in a survey published by School Library Journal -- the fourth of five Dr. Seuss books on the list.", "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French playing cards is the most common deck of playing cards used today. It includes thirteen ranks of each of the four French suits: clubs (♣), diamonds (), hearts (♥) and spades (♠), with reversible ``court ''or face cards. Some modern designs, however, have done away with reversible face cards. Each suit includes an ace, depicting a single symbol of its suit; a king, queen and jack, each depicted with a symbol of its suit; and ranks two through ten, with each card depicting that many symbols (pips) of its suit. Anywhere from one to six (most often two or three since the mid-20th century) jokers, often distinguishable with one being more colorful than the other, are added to commercial decks, as some card games require these extra cards. Modern playing cards carry index labels on opposite corners or in all four corners to facilitate identifying the cards when they overlap and so that they appear identical for players on opposite sides. The most popular standard pattern of the French deck is sometimes referred to as`` English'' or ``Anglo - American ''pattern. there are 12 face card in the rack. In which king, queen and Jack of every suit.", "title": "Standard 52-card deck" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Call the Midwife\" achieved very high ratings in its first series, making it the most successful new drama series on BBC One since 2001. Since then, five more series of eight episodes each have aired year-on-year, along with an annual Christmas special broadcast every Christmas Day since 2012. It is also broadcast in the United States on the PBS network, with the first series starting on 30 September 2012.", "title": "Call the Midwife" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Christmas Time is in the Air Again\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album, \"Merry Christmas II You\" (2010). It was written and produced by Carey in collaboration with Broadway composer Marc Shaiman. Lyrically, it is about finding love during the Christmas season. The track garnered positive reviews from critics, with one describing it as an outstanding performance and the only song on the album that could compare to one of Carey's previous Christmas singles, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\". It was released as a promotional single in December 2012. An accompanying lyric video was released, and Carey has performed \"Christmas Time Is in the Air Again\" live on NBC's \"Christmas in Rockefeller Centre\" event and during her December 2014 Beacon Theatre residency called All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity.", "title": "Christmas Time Is in the Air Again" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Little Mikey was a fictional boy played by John Gilchrist in an American television commercial promoting Quaker Oats' breakfast cereal Life. The ad was created by art director Bob Gage, who also directed the commercial. It first aired in 1972. The popular ad campaign featuring Mikey remained in regular rotation for more than 12 years and ended up as one of the longest continuously running commercial campaigns ever aired.", "title": "Little Mikey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christmas, with Love is a Christmas album and the fourth studio album by British singer Leona Lewis. It was released on 29 November 2013, by Syco Music and RCA Records. Work on the album began in February 2013, during which Lewis began writing \"immediately\" after the release of her less-commercially successful album \"Glassheart\" (2012). In June 2013, it was revealed (and later confirmed) that Lewis' fourth studio album would be a Christmas album, based on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Lewis enlisted two producers for the album: Richard \"Biff\" Stannard and Ash Howes, with Lewis herself contributing to the album's production. This is Lewis' first album to be released in North America since 2009's \"Echo\", as her 2012 album, \"Glassheart\" was not released there.", "title": "Christmas, with Love" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The next cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1st May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity, with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each.", "title": "Christmas card" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On November 17, 2011, MLB announced that it would be adding two wild - card teams to the postseason. The two wild - card teams in each league face each other in a one - game playoff. The winner of this game advances to meet the top seed in the Division Series. The revised playoff system began with the 2012 season.", "title": "Major League Baseball wild card" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Belafonte heard the song being performed by the choir and sought permission to record it. It was recorded in 1956 for his album An Evening with Belafonte. An edited version was subsequently released as a single, reaching No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in November 1957. It was the first single to sell over one million copies in the UK alone. To date, Belafonte's version has sold over 1.19 million copes. In 1962. the full - length version was added to a re-issue of Belafonte's previously released album To Wish You a Merry Christmas.", "title": "Mary's Boy Child" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and cheaper Model A. In 2014, the Foundation released a board with an improved design, Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. These boards are approximately credit - card sized and represent the standard mainline form - factor. Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year later. A ``Compute Module ''was released in April 2014 for embedded applications. The Raspberry Pi 2, which added more RAM, was released in February 2015.", "title": "Raspberry Pi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Total number of yellow cards: 219 Average yellow cards per match: 3.42 Total number of red cards: 4 Average red cards per match: 0.06 First yellow card of the tournament: Aleksandr Golovin for Russia against Saudi Arabia First red card of the tournament: Carlos Sánchez Moreno for Colombia against Japan Fastest yellow card from kick off: 1st minute Fastest yellow card after coming on as a substitute: 1st minute Latest yellow card in a match without extra time: 90 + 8th minute Aleksandar Prijović for Serbia against Costa Rica, Cédric Soares for Portugal against Iran Latest yellow card in a match with extra time: 118th minute Fastest dismissal from kick off: 3rd minute Latest dismissal in a match without extra time: 90 + 4th minute Shortest time difference between two yellow cards given to the same player: 9 minutes Igor Smolnikov for Russia against Uruguay (booked in the 27th minute and again in the 36th minute) Most yellow cards (team): 15 Croatia Most red cards (team): 1 Colombia, Germany, Russia, Switzerland Fewest yellow cards (team): 1 Saudi Arabia Most yellow cards (player): 3 Sebastian Larsson Most red cards (player): 1 Jérôme Boateng, Michael Lang, Carlos Sánchez Moreno, Igor Smolnikov Most yellow cards (match): 8 Belgium vs Panama, France vs Argentina, Colombia vs England Most red cards (match): 1 Colombia vs Japan, Germany vs Sweden, Uruguay vs Russia, Sweden vs Switzerland Fewest yellow cards (match): 0 Argentina vs Iceland, Uruguay vs Saudi Arabia Most cards in one match: 8 yellow cards Belgium vs Panama, France vs Argentina, Colombia vs England", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christmas Tales is the fourth studio album and first Christmas album by the Belarusian-Norwegian artist Alexander Rybak, it released on the November 23, 2012 in Norway. It has peaked to number 34 on the Norwegian Albums Chart.", "title": "Christmas Tales" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Merry Christmas, Baby, is the first Christmas album by Rod Stewart, released on 30 October 2012. The album has proved to be a top 10 success in many countries including the UK, US, Canada and Australia. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in November 2012 with over 1,000,000 copies sold in the US.", "title": "Merry Christmas, Baby (album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Do You Hear What I Hear? ''is a song written in October 1962, with lyrics by Noël Regney and music by Gloria Shayne Baker. The pair, married at the time, wrote it as a plea for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Regney had been invited by a record producer to write a Christmas song, but he was hesitant due to the commercialism of the Christmas holiday. It has sold tens of millions of copies and has been covered by hundreds of artists.", "title": "Do You Hear What I Hear?" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 26 July 2012, to coincide with the official start of the London 2012 Olympics and the issuing of a series of souvenir front covers, The Times added the suffix \"of London\" to its masthead.", "title": "The Times" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Rockin 'Around the Christmas Tree ''is a Christmas song written by Johnny Marks and recorded by Brenda Lee in 1958. By the song's 50th anniversary in 2008, Lee's original version had sold over 25 million copies with the 4th most digital downloads sold of any Christmas single, and has since been recorded by numerous other music artists.", "title": "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pokémon Trading Card Game (ポケモンカードゲーム, Pokemon Kādo Gēmu, ``Pokémon Card Game ''), abbreviated to PTCG or Pokémon TCG, is a collectible card game, based on the Pokémon video game series, first published in October 1996 by Media Factory in Japan. In the US, it was initially published by Wizards of the Coast; The Pokémon Company eventually took over publishing the card game in June 2003. The game has sold 23.6 billion cards worldwide.", "title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Congregational Church of Rockford, Illinois, ``although of genuine Puritan stock '', was' preparing for a grand Christmas jubilee ', a news correspondent reported in 1864. By 1860, fourteen states including several from New England had adopted Christmas as a legal holiday. In 1875, Louis Prang introduced the Christmas card to Americans. He has been called the`` father of the American Christmas card''. On June 28, 1870, Christmas was formally declared a United States federal holiday.", "title": "Christmas" } ]	When were the first commercial Christmas cards sold in the city whose name the Times added to its masthead in 2012?	1843	[]	Title: Call the Midwife Passage: "Call the Midwife" achieved very high ratings in its first series, making it the most successful new drama series on BBC One since 2001. Since then, five more series of eight episodes each have aired year-on-year, along with an annual Christmas special broadcast every Christmas Day since 2012. It is also broadcast in the United States on the PBS network, with the first series starting on 30 September 2012. Title: Christmas card Passage: The next cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1st May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity, with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each. Title: Major League Baseball wild card Passage: On November 17, 2011, MLB announced that it would be adding two wild - card teams to the postseason. The two wild - card teams in each league face each other in a one - game playoff. The winner of this game advances to meet the top seed in the Division Series. The revised playoff system began with the 2012 season. Title: Christmas Time Is in the Air Again Passage: "Christmas Time is in the Air Again" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album, "Merry Christmas II You" (2010). It was written and produced by Carey in collaboration with Broadway composer Marc Shaiman. Lyrically, it is about finding love during the Christmas season. The track garnered positive reviews from critics, with one describing it as an outstanding performance and the only song on the album that could compare to one of Carey's previous Christmas singles, "All I Want for Christmas Is You". It was released as a promotional single in December 2012. An accompanying lyric video was released, and Carey has performed "Christmas Time Is in the Air Again" live on NBC's "Christmas in Rockefeller Centre" event and during her December 2014 Beacon Theatre residency called All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity. Title: Pokémon Trading Card Game Passage: The Pokémon Trading Card Game (ポケモンカードゲーム, Pokemon Kādo Gēmu, ``Pokémon Card Game ''), abbreviated to PTCG or Pokémon TCG, is a collectible card game, based on the Pokémon video game series, first published in October 1996 by Media Factory in Japan. In the US, it was initially published by Wizards of the Coast; The Pokémon Company eventually took over publishing the card game in June 2003. The game has sold 23.6 billion cards worldwide. Title: Raspberry Pi Passage: The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and cheaper Model A. In 2014, the Foundation released a board with an improved design, Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. These boards are approximately credit - card sized and represent the standard mainline form - factor. Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year later. A ``Compute Module ''was released in April 2014 for embedded applications. The Raspberry Pi 2, which added more RAM, was released in February 2015. Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Passage: Total number of yellow cards: 219 Average yellow cards per match: 3.42 Total number of red cards: 4 Average red cards per match: 0.06 First yellow card of the tournament: Aleksandr Golovin for Russia against Saudi Arabia First red card of the tournament: Carlos Sánchez Moreno for Colombia against Japan Fastest yellow card from kick off: 1st minute Fastest yellow card after coming on as a substitute: 1st minute Latest yellow card in a match without extra time: 90 + 8th minute Aleksandar Prijović for Serbia against Costa Rica, Cédric Soares for Portugal against Iran Latest yellow card in a match with extra time: 118th minute Fastest dismissal from kick off: 3rd minute Latest dismissal in a match without extra time: 90 + 4th minute Shortest time difference between two yellow cards given to the same player: 9 minutes Igor Smolnikov for Russia against Uruguay (booked in the 27th minute and again in the 36th minute) Most yellow cards (team): 15 Croatia Most red cards (team): 1 Colombia, Germany, Russia, Switzerland Fewest yellow cards (team): 1 Saudi Arabia Most yellow cards (player): 3 Sebastian Larsson Most red cards (player): 1 Jérôme Boateng, Michael Lang, Carlos Sánchez Moreno, Igor Smolnikov Most yellow cards (match): 8 Belgium vs Panama, France vs Argentina, Colombia vs England Most red cards (match): 1 Colombia vs Japan, Germany vs Sweden, Uruguay vs Russia, Sweden vs Switzerland Fewest yellow cards (match): 0 Argentina vs Iceland, Uruguay vs Saudi Arabia Most cards in one match: 8 yellow cards Belgium vs Panama, France vs Argentina, Colombia vs England Title: Standard 52-card deck Passage: French playing cards is the most common deck of playing cards used today. It includes thirteen ranks of each of the four French suits: clubs (♣), diamonds (), hearts (♥) and spades (♠), with reversible ``court ''or face cards. Some modern designs, however, have done away with reversible face cards. Each suit includes an ace, depicting a single symbol of its suit; a king, queen and jack, each depicted with a symbol of its suit; and ranks two through ten, with each card depicting that many symbols (pips) of its suit. Anywhere from one to six (most often two or three since the mid-20th century) jokers, often distinguishable with one being more colorful than the other, are added to commercial decks, as some card games require these extra cards. Modern playing cards carry index labels on opposite corners or in all four corners to facilitate identifying the cards when they overlap and so that they appear identical for players on opposite sides. The most popular standard pattern of the French deck is sometimes referred to as`` English'' or ``Anglo - American ''pattern. there are 12 face card in the rack. In which king, queen and Jack of every suit. Title: Mary's Boy Child Passage: Harry Belafonte heard the song being performed by the choir and sought permission to record it. It was recorded in 1956 for his album An Evening with Belafonte. An edited version was subsequently released as a single, reaching No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in November 1957. It was the first single to sell over one million copies in the UK alone. To date, Belafonte's version has sold over 1.19 million copes. In 1962. the full - length version was added to a re-issue of Belafonte's previously released album To Wish You a Merry Christmas. Title: Merry Christmas, Baby (album) Passage: Merry Christmas, Baby, is the first Christmas album by Rod Stewart, released on 30 October 2012. The album has proved to be a top 10 success in many countries including the UK, US, Canada and Australia. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in November 2012 with over 1,000,000 copies sold in the US. Title: Christmas Passage: The First Congregational Church of Rockford, Illinois, ``although of genuine Puritan stock '', was' preparing for a grand Christmas jubilee ', a news correspondent reported in 1864. By 1860, fourteen states including several from New England had adopted Christmas as a legal holiday. In 1875, Louis Prang introduced the Christmas card to Americans. He has been called the`` father of the American Christmas card''. On June 28, 1870, Christmas was formally declared a United States federal holiday. Title: Nintendo Switch Passage: The Switch includes 32 GB of internal storage, and can be expanded up to 2 TB using a microSD, a microSDHC or a microSDXC card. If the microSD card is used, the Switch will only store game save data on the internal memory, leaving data that can be re-acquired on the microSD card. Save data will always be stored on the console, regardless if the source is a physical Game Card or a digital download copy. At launch, there was no way to transfer save files from the internal memory to the microSD card or another Switch console, though save game and profile transfers between Switch consoles were added in a system's 4.0. 0 update in October 2017. While microSD and microSDHC support was available at launch, microSDXC card support was later added to device's software via a system update. The Switch does not support external storage units at launch, but Nintendo stated that they were looking into adding this feature in the future. Title: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! Passage: The story was published as a book by Random House in 1957, and at approximately the same time in an issue of Redbook. The book criticizes the commercialization of Christmas. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named it one of its ``Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children ''. In 2012 it was ranked number 61 among the`` Top 100 Picture Books'' in a survey published by School Library Journal -- the fourth of five Dr. Seuss books on the list. Title: Spuds MacKenzie Passage: The dog, a Bull Terrier, was not without its share of controversy. Shortly after Spuds' rise to fame it was learned that the dog, who was portrayed as male in the commercials, was actually female. The ads were also the subject of attacks and calls for censorship by temperance - oriented groups. Soon after the ads were first aired in 1987, Senator Strom Thurmond began his own media campaign, claiming that the beer maker was using Spuds to appeal to children for the purpose of getting them interested in their product at an early age. By Christmas 1987, more legal action resulted from Budweiser's use of ads featuring Spuds dressed as Santa, which is illegal in states such as Ohio. Title: Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree Passage: ``Rockin 'Around the Christmas Tree ''is a Christmas song written by Johnny Marks and recorded by Brenda Lee in 1958. By the song's 50th anniversary in 2008, Lee's original version had sold over 25 million copies with the 4th most digital downloads sold of any Christmas single, and has since been recorded by numerous other music artists. Title: Christmas Tales Passage: Christmas Tales is the fourth studio album and first Christmas album by the Belarusian-Norwegian artist Alexander Rybak, it released on the November 23, 2012 in Norway. It has peaked to number 34 on the Norwegian Albums Chart. Title: Little Mikey Passage: Little Mikey was a fictional boy played by John Gilchrist in an American television commercial promoting Quaker Oats' breakfast cereal Life. The ad was created by art director Bob Gage, who also directed the commercial. It first aired in 1972. The popular ad campaign featuring Mikey remained in regular rotation for more than 12 years and ended up as one of the longest continuously running commercial campaigns ever aired. Title: The Times Passage: On 26 July 2012, to coincide with the official start of the London 2012 Olympics and the issuing of a series of souvenir front covers, The Times added the suffix "of London" to its masthead. Title: Christmas, with Love Passage: Christmas, with Love is a Christmas album and the fourth studio album by British singer Leona Lewis. It was released on 29 November 2013, by Syco Music and RCA Records. Work on the album began in February 2013, during which Lewis began writing "immediately" after the release of her less-commercially successful album "Glassheart" (2012). In June 2013, it was revealed (and later confirmed) that Lewis' fourth studio album would be a Christmas album, based on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Lewis enlisted two producers for the album: Richard "Biff" Stannard and Ash Howes, with Lewis herself contributing to the album's production. This is Lewis' first album to be released in North America since 2009's "Echo", as her 2012 album, "Glassheart" was not released there. Title: Do You Hear What I Hear? Passage: ``Do You Hear What I Hear? ''is a song written in October 1962, with lyrics by Noël Regney and music by Gloria Shayne Baker. The pair, married at the time, wrote it as a plea for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Regney had been invited by a record producer to write a Christmas song, but he was hesitant due to the commercialism of the Christmas holiday. It has sold tens of millions of copies and has been covered by hundreds of artists.	[ "Christmas card", "The Times" ]
2hop__54630_78168	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rey Star Wars character Daisy Ridley as Rey in The Force Awakens First appearance The Force Awakens (2015) Created by Lawrence Kasdan J.J. Abrams Michael Arndt Portrayed by Daisy Ridley Cailey Fleming (as child, Episode VII) Voiced by Daisy Ridley (Disney Infinity 3.0, Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Star Wars Forces of Destiny, Star Wars Battlefront II), Star Wars Rebels; archive recording) Helen Sadler (Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises and Star Wars Battlefront II (beta version)) Information Gender Female Occupation Scavenger Jedi Padawan Affiliation Resistance Homeworld Jakku", "title": "Rey (Star Wars)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adriano Giannini (born 10 May 1971) is an Italian actor, son of actor Giancarlo Giannini. He co-starred in 2002 with Madonna in the widely panned film \"Swept Away\", a remake of the 1974 Italian film with the same name. Adriano played the same role that his father, Giancarlo Giannini, played in the original. He dubbed Heath Ledger's voice in the Italian release of \"The Dark Knight\" (his father was the voice of Jack Nicholson/The Joker in Tim Burton's \"Batman\"). Giannini has a leading role in the 2012 ABC-TV drama series \"Missing\", starring Ashley Judd and Sean Bean.", "title": "Adriano Giannini" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She composed and performed \"...To You\", the opening theme to \",\" and played pianists in the anime \"Piano\" and \"Nodame Cantabile. \"She is one of the most prolific and well-known voice actresses in Japan. Throughout her career, she has voiced plenty of iconic and famous characters, such as Akari Kamigishi (\"To Heart\"), Saber (\"Fate/stay night\"), Nodame (\"Nodame Cantabile\"), Lafiel (\"Crest of the Stars\" - \"Banner of the Stars\"), Fuu (\"Samurai Champloo\"), Leina (\"Queen's Blade\"), Aoi Sakuraba (\"Ai Yori Aoshi\"), Mahoro (\"Mahoromatic\") and Natsuki Mogi (\"Initial D\").", "title": "Ayako Kawasumi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonnie Piesse (born 1983) is an Australian actress and singer / songwriter. Her breakthrough role was playing a trapeze artist in the Australian children's television series High Flyers at the age of 15 and not long after that was scouted by George Lucas to play the role of Beru Lars in Star Wars: Episode II -- Attack of the Clones and Star Wars: Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith. She also had recurring roles on Blue Heelers, Horace and Tina, Stingers, and Last Man Standing.", "title": "Bonnie Piesse" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Verónica Segura is a Mexican actress. She is best known for playing Cordé in Star Wars: Episode II -- Attack of the Clones.", "title": "List of Star Wars characters" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Arnold Taylor (born July 22, 1969) is an American voice actor, known for portraying Ratchet in the Ratchet & Clank franchise; the main character Tidus in Final Fantasy X; and Obi - Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars animated features such as Star Wars: The Clone Wars and the franchise's video games.", "title": "James Arnold Taylor" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Mayhew (born 19 May 1944) is an English - American actor who is best known for playing Chewbacca in the Star Wars film series.", "title": "Peter Mayhew" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Mayhew (born 19 May 1944) is an English - American actor. He played Chewbacca in the Star Wars film series.", "title": "Peter Mayhew" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American stage, screen and voice actor. He is known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars film series and for his voice - over work in animations and video games as the Joker, beginning with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992. Hamill has acted in several theater productions, including The Elephant Man, and is the cowriter of The Black Pearl comic book miniseries.", "title": "Mark Hamill" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While Susan travels with Mr. and Mrs. Pevensie to America and Peter studies with Professor Digory Kirke, Lucy (age 11), Edmund and their cousin Eustace are drawn into Narnia through a magical painting in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. This is very much Lucy's book, written largely from her point of view. However, at the end Aslan firmly tells her and Edmund that they have become, like Susan and Peter, too old to further experience the wonders of Narnia.", "title": "Lucy Pevensie" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James LaRue Avery (November 27, 1945 -- December 31, 2013) was an American actor, comedian, voice over artist and poet. He played patriarch Philip Banks in the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air (1990 − 96). This character was ranked # 34 in TV Guide's ``50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time. ''He also provided the voice of Shredder in the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles television series, as well as War Machine in the animated series Iron Man (1994 − 95) and Junkyard Dog in Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling (1985). He also played Michael Kelso's commanding officer at the police academy late in the series run of That '70s Show (2004).", "title": "James Avery" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Scotland, Montgomerie was playing in Montreal by 1915 when he was part of the Montreal All Star team which lost to the Toronto All Stars during their annual inter-city clash. At that time, he played for Highlanders. When World War I began, Montgomerie entered the Canadian Army and was assigned to the 42nd Battalion. During that war, he served as a lieutenant and won the Military Medal and the Military Cross with bar. After the war, he returned to Canada. In 1922, he played for Montreal’s Grenadier Guards when they won the Quebec Cup. In 1924, Montgomerie moved south to join the New Bedford Whalers of the American Soccer League. He remained with the Whalers until the fall of 1931, aside from six games with the Fall River Marksmen in the spring of 1931.", "title": "Jimmy Montgomerie" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aslan (/ ˈæsˌlæn / or / ˈæzˌlæn /) is a main character in C.S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. He is ``the Great Lion ''of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and his role in Narnia is developed throughout the remaining Chronicles. Aslan is also the only character to appear in all seven books of the series. Aslan is Turkish for`` lion''. Lewis often capitalises the word lion in reference to Aslan since he represents Jesus Christ.", "title": "Aslan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Qui - Gon Jinn is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed by Liam Neeson as the main protagonist of the 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I -- The Phantom Menace.", "title": "Qui-Gon Jinn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some recognize the following day, May 5, as ``Revenge of the Fifth '', a play on Star Wars: Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith and celebrate the Sith Lords and other villainous characters from the Star Wars series rather than the Jedi.", "title": "Star Wars Day" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a 2005 British - American high fantasy film directed by Andrew Adamson and based on The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first published and second chronological novel in C.S. Lewis's children's epic fantasy series, The Chronicles of Narnia. It was co-produced by Walden Media and Walt Disney Pictures and distributed by Buena Vista Pictures. William Moseley, Anna Popplewell, Skandar Keynes and Georgie Henley play Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy, four British children evacuated during the Blitz to the countryside, who find a wardrobe that leads to the fantasy world of Narnia. There they ally with the Lion Aslan (voiced by Liam Neeson) against the forces of Jadis, the White Witch (Tilda Swinton).", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reed played Janice Pasetti in the quirky NBC sitcom Grand, and then played a judge and single mother in the short - lived NBC sitcom The Home Court. She has provided the voice for the character Ruth Powers in 3 episodes of the animated TV series The Simpsons and guest - voiced in an episode of the 1994 - 1995 animated series The Critic. She played a main role in Jericho and has appeared as the mother of main character Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) on Parks and Recreation.", "title": "Pamela Reed" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Character Film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair 2005 2008 TBA Aslan Liam Neeson (voice) Lucy Pevensie Georgie Henley Rachel Henley (older) Georgie Henley TBA Edmund Pevensie Skandar Keynes Mark Wells (older) Skandar Keynes Peter Pevensie William Moseley Noah Huntley (older) William Moseley Susan Pevensie Anna Popplewell Sophie Winkleman (older) Anna Popplewell Jadis, the White Witch Tilda Swinton King Caspian X Ben Barnes Reepicheep Eddie Izzard (voice) Simon Pegg (voice) Eustace Scrubb Will Poulter Jill Pole Mentioned TBA Mr. Tumnus James McAvoy Mr. Beaver Ray Winstone (voice) Mrs. Beaver Dawn French (voice) Digory Kirke Jim Broadbent Ginarrbrik Kiran Shah Father Christmas James Cosmo Oreius Patrick Kake Maugrim Michael Madsen (voice) General Otmin Shane Rangi Trumpkin Peter Dinklage Trufflehunter Ken Stott (voice) Glenstorm Cornell S John Bulgy Bear David Walliams (voice) Nikabrik Warwick Davis Miraz Sergio Castellitto Doctor Cornelius Vincent Grass Glozelle Pierfrancesco Favino Prunaprismia Alicia Borrachero Sopespian Damián Alcázar Scythley Simon Andreu Donnon Predrag Bjelac Tavros Shane Rangi Jemain Tamati Caprius Ryan Ettridge Randy Morgan Evans Nausus Steven Rooke Drinian Gary Sweet Queen Lilliandil Laura Brent Lady of the Green Kirtle TBC", "title": "List of The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) cast members" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jake Matthew Lloyd (born March 5, 1989) is an American former actor who played young Anakin Skywalker in the 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I -- The Phantom Menace, the first in the Star Wars prequel trilogy. He reprised this role in five subsequent Star Wars video games.", "title": "Jake Lloyd" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gedaylu (, also Romanized as Gedāylū; also known as Gedāylī) is a village in Aslan Duz Rural District, Aslan Duz District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 587, in 95 families.", "title": "Gedaylu" } ]	Who did the actor who was Aslan's voice in Narnia, play in Star Wars?	Qui - Gon Jinn	[ "Qui-Gon Jinn" ]	Title: Rey (Star Wars) Passage: Rey Star Wars character Daisy Ridley as Rey in The Force Awakens First appearance The Force Awakens (2015) Created by Lawrence Kasdan J.J. Abrams Michael Arndt Portrayed by Daisy Ridley Cailey Fleming (as child, Episode VII) Voiced by Daisy Ridley (Disney Infinity 3.0, Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Star Wars Forces of Destiny, Star Wars Battlefront II), Star Wars Rebels; archive recording) Helen Sadler (Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises and Star Wars Battlefront II (beta version)) Information Gender Female Occupation Scavenger Jedi Padawan Affiliation Resistance Homeworld Jakku Title: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Passage: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a 2005 British - American high fantasy film directed by Andrew Adamson and based on The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first published and second chronological novel in C.S. Lewis's children's epic fantasy series, The Chronicles of Narnia. It was co-produced by Walden Media and Walt Disney Pictures and distributed by Buena Vista Pictures. William Moseley, Anna Popplewell, Skandar Keynes and Georgie Henley play Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy, four British children evacuated during the Blitz to the countryside, who find a wardrobe that leads to the fantasy world of Narnia. There they ally with the Lion Aslan (voiced by Liam Neeson) against the forces of Jadis, the White Witch (Tilda Swinton). Title: Lucy Pevensie Passage: While Susan travels with Mr. and Mrs. Pevensie to America and Peter studies with Professor Digory Kirke, Lucy (age 11), Edmund and their cousin Eustace are drawn into Narnia through a magical painting in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. This is very much Lucy's book, written largely from her point of view. However, at the end Aslan firmly tells her and Edmund that they have become, like Susan and Peter, too old to further experience the wonders of Narnia. Title: Aslan Passage: Aslan (/ ˈæsˌlæn / or / ˈæzˌlæn /) is a main character in C.S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. He is ``the Great Lion ''of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and his role in Narnia is developed throughout the remaining Chronicles. Aslan is also the only character to appear in all seven books of the series. Aslan is Turkish for`` lion''. Lewis often capitalises the word lion in reference to Aslan since he represents Jesus Christ. Title: List of Star Wars characters Passage: Verónica Segura is a Mexican actress. She is best known for playing Cordé in Star Wars: Episode II -- Attack of the Clones. Title: Pamela Reed Passage: Reed played Janice Pasetti in the quirky NBC sitcom Grand, and then played a judge and single mother in the short - lived NBC sitcom The Home Court. She has provided the voice for the character Ruth Powers in 3 episodes of the animated TV series The Simpsons and guest - voiced in an episode of the 1994 - 1995 animated series The Critic. She played a main role in Jericho and has appeared as the mother of main character Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) on Parks and Recreation. Title: James Arnold Taylor Passage: James Arnold Taylor (born July 22, 1969) is an American voice actor, known for portraying Ratchet in the Ratchet & Clank franchise; the main character Tidus in Final Fantasy X; and Obi - Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars animated features such as Star Wars: The Clone Wars and the franchise's video games. Title: Adriano Giannini Passage: Adriano Giannini (born 10 May 1971) is an Italian actor, son of actor Giancarlo Giannini. He co-starred in 2002 with Madonna in the widely panned film "Swept Away", a remake of the 1974 Italian film with the same name. Adriano played the same role that his father, Giancarlo Giannini, played in the original. He dubbed Heath Ledger's voice in the Italian release of "The Dark Knight" (his father was the voice of Jack Nicholson/The Joker in Tim Burton's "Batman"). Giannini has a leading role in the 2012 ABC-TV drama series "Missing", starring Ashley Judd and Sean Bean. Title: Peter Mayhew Passage: Peter Mayhew (born 19 May 1944) is an English - American actor. He played Chewbacca in the Star Wars film series. Title: Jimmy Montgomerie Passage: Born in Scotland, Montgomerie was playing in Montreal by 1915 when he was part of the Montreal All Star team which lost to the Toronto All Stars during their annual inter-city clash. At that time, he played for Highlanders. When World War I began, Montgomerie entered the Canadian Army and was assigned to the 42nd Battalion. During that war, he served as a lieutenant and won the Military Medal and the Military Cross with bar. After the war, he returned to Canada. In 1922, he played for Montreal’s Grenadier Guards when they won the Quebec Cup. In 1924, Montgomerie moved south to join the New Bedford Whalers of the American Soccer League. He remained with the Whalers until the fall of 1931, aside from six games with the Fall River Marksmen in the spring of 1931. Title: Star Wars Day Passage: Some recognize the following day, May 5, as ``Revenge of the Fifth '', a play on Star Wars: Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith and celebrate the Sith Lords and other villainous characters from the Star Wars series rather than the Jedi. Title: Mark Hamill Passage: Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American stage, screen and voice actor. He is known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars film series and for his voice - over work in animations and video games as the Joker, beginning with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992. Hamill has acted in several theater productions, including The Elephant Man, and is the cowriter of The Black Pearl comic book miniseries. Title: Jake Lloyd Passage: Jake Matthew Lloyd (born March 5, 1989) is an American former actor who played young Anakin Skywalker in the 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I -- The Phantom Menace, the first in the Star Wars prequel trilogy. He reprised this role in five subsequent Star Wars video games. Title: List of The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) cast members Passage: Character Film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair 2005 2008 TBA Aslan Liam Neeson (voice) Lucy Pevensie Georgie Henley Rachel Henley (older) Georgie Henley TBA Edmund Pevensie Skandar Keynes Mark Wells (older) Skandar Keynes Peter Pevensie William Moseley Noah Huntley (older) William Moseley Susan Pevensie Anna Popplewell Sophie Winkleman (older) Anna Popplewell Jadis, the White Witch Tilda Swinton King Caspian X Ben Barnes Reepicheep Eddie Izzard (voice) Simon Pegg (voice) Eustace Scrubb Will Poulter Jill Pole Mentioned TBA Mr. Tumnus James McAvoy Mr. Beaver Ray Winstone (voice) Mrs. Beaver Dawn French (voice) Digory Kirke Jim Broadbent Ginarrbrik Kiran Shah Father Christmas James Cosmo Oreius Patrick Kake Maugrim Michael Madsen (voice) General Otmin Shane Rangi Trumpkin Peter Dinklage Trufflehunter Ken Stott (voice) Glenstorm Cornell S John Bulgy Bear David Walliams (voice) Nikabrik Warwick Davis Miraz Sergio Castellitto Doctor Cornelius Vincent Grass Glozelle Pierfrancesco Favino Prunaprismia Alicia Borrachero Sopespian Damián Alcázar Scythley Simon Andreu Donnon Predrag Bjelac Tavros Shane Rangi Jemain Tamati Caprius Ryan Ettridge Randy Morgan Evans Nausus Steven Rooke Drinian Gary Sweet Queen Lilliandil Laura Brent Lady of the Green Kirtle TBC Title: Gedaylu Passage: Gedaylu (, also Romanized as Gedāylū; also known as Gedāylī) is a village in Aslan Duz Rural District, Aslan Duz District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 587, in 95 families. Title: Bonnie Piesse Passage: Bonnie Piesse (born 1983) is an Australian actress and singer / songwriter. Her breakthrough role was playing a trapeze artist in the Australian children's television series High Flyers at the age of 15 and not long after that was scouted by George Lucas to play the role of Beru Lars in Star Wars: Episode II -- Attack of the Clones and Star Wars: Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith. She also had recurring roles on Blue Heelers, Horace and Tina, Stingers, and Last Man Standing. Title: Peter Mayhew Passage: Peter Mayhew (born 19 May 1944) is an English - American actor who is best known for playing Chewbacca in the Star Wars film series. Title: Ayako Kawasumi Passage: She composed and performed "...To You", the opening theme to "," and played pianists in the anime "Piano" and "Nodame Cantabile. "She is one of the most prolific and well-known voice actresses in Japan. Throughout her career, she has voiced plenty of iconic and famous characters, such as Akari Kamigishi ("To Heart"), Saber ("Fate/stay night"), Nodame ("Nodame Cantabile"), Lafiel ("Crest of the Stars" - "Banner of the Stars"), Fuu ("Samurai Champloo"), Leina ("Queen's Blade"), Aoi Sakuraba ("Ai Yori Aoshi"), Mahoro ("Mahoromatic") and Natsuki Mogi ("Initial D"). Title: Qui-Gon Jinn Passage: Qui - Gon Jinn is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed by Liam Neeson as the main protagonist of the 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I -- The Phantom Menace. Title: James Avery Passage: James LaRue Avery (November 27, 1945 -- December 31, 2013) was an American actor, comedian, voice over artist and poet. He played patriarch Philip Banks in the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air (1990 − 96). This character was ranked # 34 in TV Guide's ``50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time. ''He also provided the voice of Shredder in the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles television series, as well as War Machine in the animated series Iron Man (1994 − 95) and Junkyard Dog in Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling (1985). He also played Michael Kelso's commanding officer at the police academy late in the series run of That '70s Show (2004).	[ "Qui-Gon Jinn", "List of The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) cast members" ]
2hop__740102_78714	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pine Lake State Park is a state park of Iowa, US. The park comprises encompassing two lakes: Lower Pine Lake and Upper Pine Lake. The park is located near Eldora and Steamboat Rock.", "title": "Pine Lake State Park" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\" Song of the Pines\" (Philadelphia, PA: John C. Winston Company; first edition. 1949) was part of the \"Land of the Free\" series of children's books. The book highlighted the contribution of Norwegian immigrants to the Wisconsin logging industry. The book focuses on the story of a 15-year-old orphan named Nils who emigrates to America in the 1850s. Nils is a trained knife sharpener who sets up a business making cant hooks, a traditional logging tool. The novel was edited by Erick Berry and illustrated by the artist Richard Floethe (1901-1988). First published in 1949, it became a Newbery Honor recipient in 1950.", "title": "Song of the Pines" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Pine (formerly, Bigpine) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Big Pine is located approximately south-southeast of Bishop, at an elevation of . The population was 1,756 at the 2010 census, up from 1,350 at the 2000 census. The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation operates their tribal headquarters from here.", "title": "Big Pine, California" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pines (formerly, Pines Villages) is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California. It is located on the northeast shore of Bass Lake southeast of Yosemite Forks, at an elevation of 3435 feet (1047 m).", "title": "The Pines, Madera County, California" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "River Pines is a census-designated place in Amador County, California. It is located north-northeast of Fiddletown, at an elevation of 1985 feet (605 m). A post office opened at River Pines in 1948; it has the zip code of 95675. River Pines has a population of 379 (2010 census).", "title": "River Pines, California" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pine Grove (formerly Cobb) is an unincorporated community in Lake County, California. It is located northwest of Whispering Pines, at an elevation of 2,520 feet (768 m).", "title": "Pine Grove, Lake County, California" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18 - year - old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In law, a minor is a person under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood. The age of majority depends upon jurisdiction and application, but it is generally 18. Minor may also be used in contexts that are unconnected to the overall age of majority. For example, the drinking age in the United States is usually 21, and younger people are sometimes called minors in the context of alcohol law, even if they are at least 18. The term underage often refers to those under the age of majority, but it may also refer to persons under a certain age limit, such as the drinking age, smoking age, age of consent, marriageable age, driving age, voting age, etc. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority.", "title": "Minor (law)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shark Energy Drink is available in a number of variations, including carbonated, uncarbonated versions, sugared and sugar-free. The drink is manufactured in Thailand by the Osotspa Co. Ltd in Bangkok, and also in Europe by Shark AG in Innsbruck, Austria.", "title": "Shark Energy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening with Pete King)\", often referred to as \"The Piano Has Been Drinking\", is a song written and performed by Tom Waits. The song first appeared on his 1976 album \"Small Change\", and an extended live version on the 1981 compilation album \"Bounced Checks\".", "title": "The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening with Pete King)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age, while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.", "title": "U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alcohol laws of Australia regulate the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages (If you are 18 and over in Australia you are allowed to vote, drink and drive). Legal age of drinking is 18.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Australia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4th, 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New York" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey and all other U.S. states comport with the requirement of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which sought to set a national standard of 21 as the minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. To make states comply, Congress tied a state's failure to enact a drinking age at 21 to a punitive decrease in a state's apportionment of federal highway funding. Federal law requires colleges and universities that accept federal financial aid institute policies to sanction students who violate underage drinking and other alcohol laws, and to track the number of liquor laws violations. The Chronicle of Higher Education has reported that many colleges fail to comply with these laws, and federal enforcement is minimal.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Palms is a small national park located between Cooyar and Yarraman in Queensland, Australia. The main feature of the park is spring-fed gully filled with piccabeen palms. Strangler figs, bunya pines and hoop pines also predominate.", "title": "The Palms National Park" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Pine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located east of Chetwynd in the Peace River Block at the junction of the Pine and Murray Rivers. The park was established in 1982 and is 14.2 hectares in size.", "title": "East Pine Provincial Park" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Golden Age, a historical novel published in 2000 by Gore Vidal, is the seventh and final novel in his \"Narratives of Empire\" series.", "title": "The Golden Age (Vidal novel)" } ]	when did the drinking age change to 19 where Song of the Pines was set?	July 1, 1984	[]	Title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin Passage: The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986. Title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state Passage: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age, while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010. Title: Alcohol laws of New York Passage: In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4th, 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving. Title: The Golden Age (Vidal novel) Passage: The Golden Age, a historical novel published in 2000 by Gore Vidal, is the seventh and final novel in his "Narratives of Empire" series. Title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey Passage: New Jersey and all other U.S. states comport with the requirement of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which sought to set a national standard of 21 as the minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. To make states comply, Congress tied a state's failure to enact a drinking age at 21 to a punitive decrease in a state's apportionment of federal highway funding. Federal law requires colleges and universities that accept federal financial aid institute policies to sanction students who violate underage drinking and other alcohol laws, and to track the number of liquor laws violations. The Chronicle of Higher Education has reported that many colleges fail to comply with these laws, and federal enforcement is minimal. Title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey Passage: New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18 - year - old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area. Title: River Pines, California Passage: River Pines is a census-designated place in Amador County, California. It is located north-northeast of Fiddletown, at an elevation of 1985 feet (605 m). A post office opened at River Pines in 1948; it has the zip code of 95675. River Pines has a population of 379 (2010 census). Title: Song of the Pines Passage: " Song of the Pines" (Philadelphia, PA: John C. Winston Company; first edition. 1949) was part of the "Land of the Free" series of children's books. The book highlighted the contribution of Norwegian immigrants to the Wisconsin logging industry. The book focuses on the story of a 15-year-old orphan named Nils who emigrates to America in the 1850s. Nils is a trained knife sharpener who sets up a business making cant hooks, a traditional logging tool. The novel was edited by Erick Berry and illustrated by the artist Richard Floethe (1901-1988). First published in 1949, it became a Newbery Honor recipient in 1950. Title: East Pine Provincial Park Passage: East Pine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located east of Chetwynd in the Peace River Block at the junction of the Pine and Murray Rivers. The park was established in 1982 and is 14.2 hectares in size. Title: Pine Grove, Lake County, California Passage: Pine Grove (formerly Cobb) is an unincorporated community in Lake County, California. It is located northwest of Whispering Pines, at an elevation of 2,520 feet (768 m). Title: Alcohol laws of Australia Passage: Alcohol laws of Australia regulate the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages (If you are 18 and over in Australia you are allowed to vote, drink and drive). Legal age of drinking is 18. Title: The Palms National Park Passage: The Palms is a small national park located between Cooyar and Yarraman in Queensland, Australia. The main feature of the park is spring-fed gully filled with piccabeen palms. Strangler figs, bunya pines and hoop pines also predominate. Title: Shark Energy Passage: Shark Energy Drink is available in a number of variations, including carbonated, uncarbonated versions, sugared and sugar-free. The drink is manufactured in Thailand by the Osotspa Co. Ltd in Bangkok, and also in Europe by Shark AG in Innsbruck, Austria. Title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin Passage: The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment. Title: The Pines, Madera County, California Passage: The Pines (formerly, Pines Villages) is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California. It is located on the northeast shore of Bass Lake southeast of Yosemite Forks, at an elevation of 3435 feet (1047 m). Title: Big Pine, California Passage: Big Pine (formerly, Bigpine) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Big Pine is located approximately south-southeast of Bishop, at an elevation of . The population was 1,756 at the 2010 census, up from 1,350 at the 2000 census. The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation operates their tribal headquarters from here. Title: Pine Lake State Park Passage: Pine Lake State Park is a state park of Iowa, US. The park comprises encompassing two lakes: Lower Pine Lake and Upper Pine Lake. The park is located near Eldora and Steamboat Rock. Title: Minor (law) Passage: In law, a minor is a person under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood. The age of majority depends upon jurisdiction and application, but it is generally 18. Minor may also be used in contexts that are unconnected to the overall age of majority. For example, the drinking age in the United States is usually 21, and younger people are sometimes called minors in the context of alcohol law, even if they are at least 18. The term underage often refers to those under the age of majority, but it may also refer to persons under a certain age limit, such as the drinking age, smoking age, age of consent, marriageable age, driving age, voting age, etc. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority. Title: The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening with Pete King) Passage: "The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening with Pete King)", often referred to as "The Piano Has Been Drinking", is a song written and performed by Tom Waits. The song first appeared on his 1976 album "Small Change", and an extended live version on the 1981 compilation album "Bounced Checks". Title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin Passage: The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.	[ "Song of the Pines", "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" ]
3hop1__26417_449353_69808	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology (often referred to as the MoST) is a science and technology museum located in the Armory Square neighborhood of Downtown Syracuse, New York. The Museum includes 35,000 square feet of exhibits, Science Shop, the only domed IMAX theater in New York State, and a planetarium. The MOST is located in the former Syracuse Armory.", "title": "Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize.", "title": "England" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 1891 Elementary Education Act provided for the state payment of school fees up to ten shillings per head, making primary education effectively free.", "title": "History of education in England" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Million Women Rise (MWR) is a women-only march and rally against violence against women, held annually in London on a Saturday close to International Women's Day, 8 March. The march starts in Hyde Park and moves through Oxford Street in the famous West End shopping district, stopping traffic. It is followed by a rally in Trafalgar Square, with survivors of violence speaking to the crowd.", "title": "Million Women Rise" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees.", "title": "National Museum of Natural History" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trg Slobode or Freedom Square () is the main town square in Nikšić, Montenegro. It's the largest town square in the country. Numerous cafés and restaurants are located on the square, as well as many stores, banks and an art gallery. It also serves as one of the main concert venues in the city.", "title": "Freedom Square, Nikšić" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A micro gallery was a computer-based guide to archives and museum collections, first developed for the collections at the National Gallery in London, UK It took three years to develop by the company Cognitive Applications, and opened in July 1991 as part of the facilities in the Sainsbury Wing. Visitors could use the system to determine which pictures they would like to see in the gallery. It was possible to print out personalised information for use during the visit. The Micro Gallery ran for 14 years and a CD-ROM with similar facilities was produced.", "title": "Micro gallery" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thorpdale is a small country town in the Gippsland area of eastern Victoria, Australia, less than 20 km south of Trafalgar. Famous for its potatoes, it is located amongst the rich farmland of the Latrobe Valley. Thorpdale spuds are eaten around the country and also exported overseas. The name \"Thorpdale\" means \"village in a valley\". The soil in the area is particularly rich as the town is located in a former volcanic crater. It is administered by the Shire of Baw Baw. At the , Thorpdale and the surrounding area had a population of 447.", "title": "Thorpdale, Victoria" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art is an art museum located on the campus of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. The permanent collection has over 15,000 objects. Admission is free and open to the general public.", "title": "Smart Museum of Art" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Gallery is the primary British national public art gallery, sited on Trafalgar Square, in central London. It is home to one of the world's greatest collections of Western European paintings. Founded in 1824, from an initial purchase of 36 paintings by the British Government, its collections have since grown to about 2,300 paintings by roughly 750 artists dating from the mid-13th century to 1900, most of which are on display. This page lists some of the highlights of the collection.", "title": "Collection of the National Gallery, London" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The California Academy of Sciences is a natural history museum in San Francisco, California, that is among the largest museums of natural history in the world, housing over 26 million specimens. The Academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research, with exhibits and education becoming significant endeavors of the museum during the 20th century.", "title": "California Academy of Sciences" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the Philippines in London is the diplomatic mission of the Philippines in the United Kingdom. It is located on a cul-de-sac near Trafalgar Square. The Philippines also maintains a Trade Section at 1a Cumberland House, Kensington Court, South Kensington.", "title": "Embassy of the Philippines, London" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The building which would later become known as Canada House was built between 1824 and 1827 to designs by Sir Robert Smirke, the architect of the British Museum. It was originally two buildings used by the Union Club and the Royal College of Physicians. Under the leadership of High Commissioner Peter Charles Larkin the Canadian government acquired the Union Club in 1923 for the sum of £223,000. It was Larkin's intention to centralise the work of 200 Canadian employees scattered among offices in Victoria Street in one central building. Renovations cost $1.3 million CDN and were supervised by the architect Septimus Warwick, who moved the main entrance from Trafalgar Square to Cockspur Street. The designers imported Canadian furniture, carpets and maple and birch flooring. The exterior was reclad in Portland stone to match the facade of the Royal College of Physicians. The building was officially opened on 29 June 1925 by King George V.", "title": "Canada House" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wisconsin Veterans Museum, located on Capitol Square in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, is dedicated to the soldiers of the state of Wisconsin.", "title": "Wisconsin Veterans Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beaty was born on Ashdale Farm, in Trafalgar Township of Halton County, Ontario. After schooling in Palermo, Ontario, he studied law in Toronto, formally becoming a lawyer in 1855. He was designated Queen's Counsel in 1872.", "title": "James Beaty Jr." }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.", "title": "Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature" } ]	When did education become free in the country known for a London museum prominently located in Trafalgar Square?	1891	[]	Title: London Passage: The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings. Title: Million Women Rise Passage: Million Women Rise (MWR) is a women-only march and rally against violence against women, held annually in London on a Saturday close to International Women's Day, 8 March. The march starts in Hyde Park and moves through Oxford Street in the famous West End shopping district, stopping traffic. It is followed by a rally in Trafalgar Square, with survivors of violence speaking to the crowd. Title: James Beaty Jr. Passage: Beaty was born on Ashdale Farm, in Trafalgar Township of Halton County, Ontario. After schooling in Palermo, Ontario, he studied law in Toronto, formally becoming a lawyer in 1855. He was designated Queen's Counsel in 1872. Title: Wisconsin Veterans Museum Passage: The Wisconsin Veterans Museum, located on Capitol Square in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, is dedicated to the soldiers of the state of Wisconsin. Title: Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology Passage: The Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology (often referred to as the MoST) is a science and technology museum located in the Armory Square neighborhood of Downtown Syracuse, New York. The Museum includes 35,000 square feet of exhibits, Science Shop, the only domed IMAX theater in New York State, and a planetarium. The MOST is located in the former Syracuse Armory. Title: London Passage: Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750. Title: Embassy of the Philippines, London Passage: The Embassy of the Philippines in London is the diplomatic mission of the Philippines in the United Kingdom. It is located on a cul-de-sac near Trafalgar Square. The Philippines also maintains a Trade Section at 1a Cumberland House, Kensington Court, South Kensington. Title: London Passage: London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square. Title: Canada House Passage: The building which would later become known as Canada House was built between 1824 and 1827 to designs by Sir Robert Smirke, the architect of the British Museum. It was originally two buildings used by the Union Club and the Royal College of Physicians. Under the leadership of High Commissioner Peter Charles Larkin the Canadian government acquired the Union Club in 1923 for the sum of £223,000. It was Larkin's intention to centralise the work of 200 Canadian employees scattered among offices in Victoria Street in one central building. Renovations cost $1.3 million CDN and were supervised by the architect Septimus Warwick, who moved the main entrance from Trafalgar Square to Cockspur Street. The designers imported Canadian furniture, carpets and maple and birch flooring. The exterior was reclad in Portland stone to match the facade of the Royal College of Physicians. The building was officially opened on 29 June 1925 by King George V. Title: Smart Museum of Art Passage: The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art is an art museum located on the campus of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. The permanent collection has over 15,000 objects. Admission is free and open to the general public. Title: California Academy of Sciences Passage: The California Academy of Sciences is a natural history museum in San Francisco, California, that is among the largest museums of natural history in the world, housing over 26 million specimens. The Academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research, with exhibits and education becoming significant endeavors of the museum during the 20th century. Title: England Passage: English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize. Title: Spectre (2015 film) Passage: A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river. Title: History of education in England Passage: The 1891 Elementary Education Act provided for the state payment of school fees up to ten shillings per head, making primary education effectively free. Title: Micro gallery Passage: A micro gallery was a computer-based guide to archives and museum collections, first developed for the collections at the National Gallery in London, UK It took three years to develop by the company Cognitive Applications, and opened in July 1991 as part of the facilities in the Sainsbury Wing. Visitors could use the system to determine which pictures they would like to see in the gallery. It was possible to print out personalised information for use during the visit. The Micro Gallery ran for 14 years and a CD-ROM with similar facilities was produced. Title: Freedom Square, Nikšić Passage: Trg Slobode or Freedom Square () is the main town square in Nikšić, Montenegro. It's the largest town square in the country. Numerous cafés and restaurants are located on the square, as well as many stores, banks and an art gallery. It also serves as one of the main concert venues in the city. Title: Collection of the National Gallery, London Passage: The National Gallery is the primary British national public art gallery, sited on Trafalgar Square, in central London. It is home to one of the world's greatest collections of Western European paintings. Founded in 1824, from an initial purchase of 36 paintings by the British Government, its collections have since grown to about 2,300 paintings by roughly 750 artists dating from the mid-13th century to 1900, most of which are on display. This page lists some of the highlights of the collection. Title: Thorpdale, Victoria Passage: Thorpdale is a small country town in the Gippsland area of eastern Victoria, Australia, less than 20 km south of Trafalgar. Famous for its potatoes, it is located amongst the rich farmland of the Latrobe Valley. Thorpdale spuds are eaten around the country and also exported overseas. The name "Thorpdale" means "village in a valley". The soil in the area is particularly rich as the town is located in a former volcanic crater. It is administered by the Shire of Baw Baw. At the , Thorpdale and the surrounding area had a population of 447. Title: Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature Passage: The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture. Title: National Museum of Natural History Passage: The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees.	[ "History of education in England", "Micro gallery", "London" ]
2hop__411619_47779	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle, Washington contains many districts and neighborhoods. Former Seattle mayor Greg Nickels has called Seattle \"a city of neighborhoods\". Early European settlers established widely scattered settlements on the surrounding hills, which grew into neighborhoods and autonomous towns. Conurbations tended to grow from such towns or from unincorporated areas around trolley stops from the 19th century and early 20th century. Consequently, Seattle has suffered from transportation and street-naming problems.", "title": "List of neighborhoods in Seattle" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Connecticut Trolley Museum is the oldest incorporated museum dedicated to electric railroading in the United States, as it was founded in 1940.", "title": "Connecticut Trolley Museum" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SEPTA's Route 15, the Girard Avenue Line, is a trolley line operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) along Girard Avenue through North and West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. , it is the only surface trolley line in the City Transit Division that is not part of the Subway–Surface Trolley Lines (although it is designated as such on SEPTA's rail maps). SEPTA PCC II vehicles are used on the line.", "title": "SEPTA Route 15" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Diego is served by the San Diego Trolley light rail system, by the SDMTS bus system, and by Coaster and Amtrak Pacific Surfliner commuter rail; northern San Diego county is also served by the Sprinter light rail line. The Trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, Mission Valley, east county, and coastal south bay. A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley will operate from Old Town to University City and the University of California, San Diego along the I-5 Freeway, with planned operation by 2018. The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via Metrolink and the Pacific Surfliner. There are two Amtrak stations in San Diego, in Old Town and the Santa Fe Depot downtown. San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing \"511\" from any phone in the area.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mechanicsville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in St. Mary's County, Maryland. It is adjacent to the community of Charlotte Hall, which is known for its agriculture, Amish population, large farmers' market/flea market, and the Maryland Veterans Home. Mechanicsville has many small businesses and restaurants along Maryland Route 5 and Maryland Route 235. This community is served by the St. Mary's County Public Schools including Chopticon High School. As of the 2010 Census, Mechanicsville had a population of 1,508 people.", "title": "Mechanicsville, Maryland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home (also known as St Mary's Mother and Baby Home or simply The Home) that operated between 1925 and 1961 in the town of Tuam, County Galway, Ireland, was a maternity home for unmarried mothers and their children. The Home was run by the Bon Secours Sisters, a religious order of Roman Catholic nuns, that also operated the Grove Hospital in the town. Unwed pregnant women were sent to the Home to give birth.", "title": "Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turnham Green is a London Underground station in Chiswick of the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. The station is served by the District and Piccadilly lines although currently Piccadilly line trains normally stop at the station only at the beginning and end of the day, running through non-stop at other times. To the east, District line trains stop at Stamford Brook and Piccadilly line trains stop at Hammersmith. To the west, District line trains run to either Chiswick Park or Gunnersbury and Piccadilly line trains stop at Acton Town. The station is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.", "title": "Turnham Green tube station" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ottumwa City Hall is the official seat of government for the city of Ottumwa, Iowa, United States. The building originally served as a post office and federal courthouse. It is part of the Central Park area, which includes: Ottumwa Public Library, Wapello County Courthouse and St. Mary of the Visitation Catholic Church. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.", "title": "Ottumwa City Hall" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By the standards of the various now - defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Newcastle system was a large one, with a total of 28 routes, and a maximum fleet of 204 trolleybuses. It finished on 2 October 1966 (1966 - 10 - 02).", "title": "Trolleybuses in Newcastle upon Tyne" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monte Carlo trolley, or FERMIAC, was an analog computer invented by physicist Enrico Fermi to aid in his studies of neutron transport.", "title": "FERMIAC" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Trolley Company is a trolley rental service based in New York, NY. The company was founded in 2009 by David S. Pike. Their fleet of tourist trolleys cater to events such as weddings, pub crawls, corporate events, birthday parties, and bachelorette parties. They serve the five boroughs, Long Island, and parts of New Jersey and Connecticut.", "title": "New York Trolley Company" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her womb through the Holy Ghost and accept the doctrine of the Virgin Birth, although they, along with Orthodox Christians and other Protestant Christians, reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. John Wesley, the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England, believed that Mary \"continued a pure and unspotted virgin\", thus upholding the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. Contemporary Methodism does hold that Mary was a virgin before, during, and immediately after the birth of Christ. In addition, some Methodists also hold the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary as a pious opinion.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Joséphine Marie of Belgium (30 November 1870 — 18 January 1871) was the daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. She was the older twin to Princess Henriette of Belgium. In 1872 Joséphine Marie's mother gave birth to another daughter, who was named Joséphine in her memory.", "title": "Princess Joséphine Marie of Belgium" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the time, Holly and his band, consisting of Waylon Jennings, Tommy Allsup, and Carl Bunch, were playing on the ``Winter Dance Party ''tour across the Midwest. Rising artists Valens, Richardson and Dion and the Belmonts had joined the tour as well. The long journeys between venues on board the cold, uncomfortable tour buses adversely affected the performers, with cases of flu and even frostbite. After stopping at Clear Lake to perform, and frustrated by such conditions, Holly chose to charter a plane to reach their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota. Richardson, who had the flu, swapped places with Jennings, taking his seat on the plane, while Allsup lost his seat to Valens on a coin toss.", "title": "The Day the Music Died" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hall was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. She received her first lessons from her father, who was a harpist in the orchestra of the Carl Rosa Opera Company. She also studied with a local teacher, Hildegarde Werner.", "title": "Marie Hall" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with about 8,500 buses, more than 700 bus routes and around 19,500 bus stops. In 2013, the network had more than 2 billion commuter trips per annum, more than the Underground. Around £850 million is taken in revenue each year. London has the largest wheelchair accessible network in the world and, from the 3rd quarter of 2007, became more accessible to hearing and visually impaired passengers as audio-visual announcements were introduced. The distinctive red double-decker buses are an internationally recognised trademark of London transport along with black cabs and the Tube.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sifton is a neighborhood of Vancouver in Clark County, Washington, United States along State Route 500. It is located within incorporated city boundaries. It is notable for being the terminus of an early electric trolley operated by the Northcoast Power Company that also served nearby Orchards from 1910 until 1926. The trolleys made ten stops and ran once per hour, charging 15 cents each way. A mural in the heart of Orchards depicts the trolley and the rural character of the area at the time it was operating.", "title": "Sifton, Washington" } ]	When did trolleys stop running in Marie Hall's birthplace?	2 October 1966	[]	Title: Ottumwa City Hall Passage: Ottumwa City Hall is the official seat of government for the city of Ottumwa, Iowa, United States. The building originally served as a post office and federal courthouse. It is part of the Central Park area, which includes: Ottumwa Public Library, Wapello County Courthouse and St. Mary of the Visitation Catholic Church. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Title: Mechanicsville, Maryland Passage: Mechanicsville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in St. Mary's County, Maryland. It is adjacent to the community of Charlotte Hall, which is known for its agriculture, Amish population, large farmers' market/flea market, and the Maryland Veterans Home. Mechanicsville has many small businesses and restaurants along Maryland Route 5 and Maryland Route 235. This community is served by the St. Mary's County Public Schools including Chopticon High School. As of the 2010 Census, Mechanicsville had a population of 1,508 people. Title: Turnham Green tube station Passage: Turnham Green is a London Underground station in Chiswick of the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. The station is served by the District and Piccadilly lines although currently Piccadilly line trains normally stop at the station only at the beginning and end of the day, running through non-stop at other times. To the east, District line trains stop at Stamford Brook and Piccadilly line trains stop at Hammersmith. To the west, District line trains run to either Chiswick Park or Gunnersbury and Piccadilly line trains stop at Acton Town. The station is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3. Title: Trolleybuses in Newcastle upon Tyne Passage: By the standards of the various now - defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Newcastle system was a large one, with a total of 28 routes, and a maximum fleet of 204 trolleybuses. It finished on 2 October 1966 (1966 - 10 - 02). Title: Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home Passage: The Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home (also known as St Mary's Mother and Baby Home or simply The Home) that operated between 1925 and 1961 in the town of Tuam, County Galway, Ireland, was a maternity home for unmarried mothers and their children. The Home was run by the Bon Secours Sisters, a religious order of Roman Catholic nuns, that also operated the Grove Hospital in the town. Unwed pregnant women were sent to the Home to give birth. Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Title: List of neighborhoods in Seattle Passage: Seattle, Washington contains many districts and neighborhoods. Former Seattle mayor Greg Nickels has called Seattle "a city of neighborhoods". Early European settlers established widely scattered settlements on the surrounding hills, which grew into neighborhoods and autonomous towns. Conurbations tended to grow from such towns or from unincorporated areas around trolley stops from the 19th century and early 20th century. Consequently, Seattle has suffered from transportation and street-naming problems. Title: Marie Hall Passage: Hall was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. She received her first lessons from her father, who was a harpist in the orchestra of the Carl Rosa Opera Company. She also studied with a local teacher, Hildegarde Werner. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her womb through the Holy Ghost and accept the doctrine of the Virgin Birth, although they, along with Orthodox Christians and other Protestant Christians, reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. John Wesley, the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England, believed that Mary "continued a pure and unspotted virgin", thus upholding the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. Contemporary Methodism does hold that Mary was a virgin before, during, and immediately after the birth of Christ. In addition, some Methodists also hold the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary as a pious opinion. Title: The Day the Music Died Passage: At the time, Holly and his band, consisting of Waylon Jennings, Tommy Allsup, and Carl Bunch, were playing on the ``Winter Dance Party ''tour across the Midwest. Rising artists Valens, Richardson and Dion and the Belmonts had joined the tour as well. The long journeys between venues on board the cold, uncomfortable tour buses adversely affected the performers, with cases of flu and even frostbite. After stopping at Clear Lake to perform, and frustrated by such conditions, Holly chose to charter a plane to reach their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota. Richardson, who had the flu, swapped places with Jennings, taking his seat on the plane, while Allsup lost his seat to Valens on a coin toss. Title: Princess Joséphine Marie of Belgium Passage: Princess Joséphine Marie of Belgium (30 November 1870 — 18 January 1871) was the daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. She was the older twin to Princess Henriette of Belgium. In 1872 Joséphine Marie's mother gave birth to another daughter, who was named Joséphine in her memory. Title: SEPTA Route 15 Passage: SEPTA's Route 15, the Girard Avenue Line, is a trolley line operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) along Girard Avenue through North and West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. , it is the only surface trolley line in the City Transit Division that is not part of the Subway–Surface Trolley Lines (although it is designated as such on SEPTA's rail maps). SEPTA PCC II vehicles are used on the line. Title: FERMIAC Passage: The Monte Carlo trolley, or FERMIAC, was an analog computer invented by physicist Enrico Fermi to aid in his studies of neutron transport. Title: London Passage: London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with about 8,500 buses, more than 700 bus routes and around 19,500 bus stops. In 2013, the network had more than 2 billion commuter trips per annum, more than the Underground. Around £850 million is taken in revenue each year. London has the largest wheelchair accessible network in the world and, from the 3rd quarter of 2007, became more accessible to hearing and visually impaired passengers as audio-visual announcements were introduced. The distinctive red double-decker buses are an internationally recognised trademark of London transport along with black cabs and the Tube. Title: New York Trolley Company Passage: The New York Trolley Company is a trolley rental service based in New York, NY. The company was founded in 2009 by David S. Pike. Their fleet of tourist trolleys cater to events such as weddings, pub crawls, corporate events, birthday parties, and bachelorette parties. They serve the five boroughs, Long Island, and parts of New Jersey and Connecticut. Title: San Diego Passage: San Diego is served by the San Diego Trolley light rail system, by the SDMTS bus system, and by Coaster and Amtrak Pacific Surfliner commuter rail; northern San Diego county is also served by the Sprinter light rail line. The Trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, Mission Valley, east county, and coastal south bay. A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley will operate from Old Town to University City and the University of California, San Diego along the I-5 Freeway, with planned operation by 2018. The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via Metrolink and the Pacific Surfliner. There are two Amtrak stations in San Diego, in Old Town and the Santa Fe Depot downtown. San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing "511" from any phone in the area. Title: Richmond, Virginia Passage: Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949. Title: Connecticut Trolley Museum Passage: The Connecticut Trolley Museum is the oldest incorporated museum dedicated to electric railroading in the United States, as it was founded in 1940. Title: Sifton, Washington Passage: Sifton is a neighborhood of Vancouver in Clark County, Washington, United States along State Route 500. It is located within incorporated city boundaries. It is notable for being the terminus of an early electric trolley operated by the Northcoast Power Company that also served nearby Orchards from 1910 until 1926. The trolleys made ten stops and ran once per hour, charging 15 cents each way. A mural in the heart of Orchards depicts the trolley and the rural character of the area at the time it was operating. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.	[ "Trolleybuses in Newcastle upon Tyne", "Marie Hall" ]
2hop__108843_159045	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known written mention of the philosopher's stone is in the Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis (c. 300 AD). Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly from God. This knowledge was said to be passed down through biblical patriarchs, giving them their longevity. The legend of the stone was also compared to the biblical history of the Temple of Solomon and the rejected cornerstone described in Psalm 118.The theoretical roots outlining the stone’s creation can be traced to Greek philosophy. Alchemists later used the classical elements, the concept of anima mundi, and Creation stories presented in texts like Plato's Timaeus as analogies for their process. According to Plato, the four elements are derived from a common source or prima materia (first matter), associated with chaos. Prima materia is also the name alchemists assign to the starting ingredient for the creation of the philosopher's stone. The importance of this philosophical first matter persisted throughout the history of alchemy. In the seventeenth century, Thomas Vaughan writes, \"the first matter of the stone is the very same with the first matter of all things\".", "title": "Philosopher's stone" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Count Adam Gottlob Moltke (10 November 171025 September 1792) was a Danish courtier, statesman and diplomat, and Favourite of Frederick V of Denmark. Moltke was born at Riesenhof in Mecklenburg. His son, Joachim Godske Moltke, and his grandson, Adam Wilhelm Moltke, later served as Prime Minister of Denmark.", "title": "Adam Gottlob Moltke" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam of Łowicz (also \"Adam of Bocheń\" and \"Adamus Polonus\"; born in Bocheń, near Łowicz, Poland; died 7 February 1514, in Kraków, Poland) was a professor of medicine at the University of Krakow, its rector in 1510–1511, a humanist, writer and philosopher.", "title": "Adam of Łowicz" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Adamant Lives! is a British television series that ran from 1966 to 1967 on BBC 1, starring Gerald Harper in the title role. Proposing that an adventurer born in 1867 had been revived from hibernation in 1966, the show was a comedy adventure that took a satirical look at life in the 1960s through the eyes of an Edwardian (Adamant vanished in 1902, when Edward VII had been on the throne just one year).", "title": "Adam Adamant Lives!" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Curle (4 July 1916 – 28 September 2006) was a British academic and Quaker peace activist. His full name was Charles Thomas William Curle; he was known as \"Adam\" after the town where he was born, L'Isle-Adam, north of Paris.", "title": "Adam Curle" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Terry Adams (born August 14, 1948) is an American pianist/composer and a founding member of the musical group NRBQ (New Rhythm and Blues Quintet/Quartet), known for decades of extensive touring, energetic and humorous live shows, and wide-ranging musical repertoire, including rock, blues, country, pop, and jazz. NRBQ ceased performing in 2004, leading Adams to form the Terry Adams Rock and Roll Quartet in 2007. In March 2011, Adams announced that he was changing the name of the band to NRBQ. A new NRBQ CD, \"Keep This Love Goin',\" heralded the move.", "title": "Terry Adams (musician)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Warren Adams was born in Minervaville, South Carolina, in 1838 to Governor James Hopkins Adams and Jane Margaret Scott. His great-grandfather is Joel Adams, planter, veteran of the American Revolution, and the patriarch of the Adams family of South Carolina. He graduated from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in 1859, where he was the Commandant of the Corps of Cadets. Adams was also a French professor at The Arsenal Academy, and taught at The Hillsboro Academy in North Carolina. He married Nathalie Heyward, daughter of Nathaniel Heyward, and had nine children, four of whom survived him.", "title": "Warren Adams" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near Arezzo, Tuscany. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence; but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's Judicial administrator and podestà or local administrator of Chiusi della Verna. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa—a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed.Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There he gained his love for marble. As Giorgio Vasari quotes him:", "title": "Michelangelo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kev Adams or Kev' Adams (born Kevin Smadja; 1 July 1991) is a French comedian, actor, humorist, screenwriter and film producer.", "title": "Kev Adams" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Devil's Notebook is the fourth book by Anton LaVey, published in 1992 by Feral House. It includes a foreword by Adam Parfrey and design by Sean Tejaratchi. The book contains forty-one essays in which LaVey provides commentary on such topics as nonconformity, occult faddism, Nazism, terrorism, cannibalism, erotic politics, the “Goodguy badge”, demoralization and the construction of artificial human companions. Included are instructions for the creation of what LaVey terms \"total environments\", or places of magical evocation, where the enlightened may escape the deleterious effects of contemporary existence.", "title": "The Devil's Notebook" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Shearer born John Adam Weinland Shearer and better known by his band and recording name John Weinland or Weinland is an American singer-songwriter. Shearer has released four studio albums and is also a member of the band Alialujah Choir.", "title": "Weinland (band)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonifacio Adam Mena (born August 9, 1989) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Charleston Battery in the USL Pro.", "title": "Adam Mena" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Pounds (June 17, 1766 – January 1, 1839) was a teacher and altruist born in Portsmouth, and the man most responsible for the creation of the concept of Ragged schools. After Pounds' death, Thomas Guthrie (often credited with the creation of Ragged Schools) wrote his \"Plea for Ragged Schools\" and proclaimed John Pounds as the originator of this idea.", "title": "John Pounds" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Zolotin (born November 29, 1983) is an American actor, best known for appearing in \"Leave It to Beaver\" and \"Jack\".", "title": "Adam Zolotin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary G. Adams (born 1938) is an American tax activist from Maine. Adams successfully led the effort to repeal Maine's statewide property tax in the mid-1970s. She led a failed 2006 referendum effort to enact a Taxpayer Bill of Rights in the state.", "title": "Mary Adams (activist)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Bodzek (born 7 September 1985) is a German-Polish professional footballer who was born in Poland. He currently plays as a midfielder for Fortuna Düsseldorf.", "title": "Adam Bodzek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Creation of Adam () is a fresco painting by Italian artist Michelangelo, which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling, painted c. 1508–1512. It illustrates the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God gives life to Adam, the first man. The fresco is part of a complex iconographic scheme and is chronologically the fourth in the series of panels depicting episodes from Genesis.", "title": "The Creation of Adam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt, born Lydia Maria Adams (February 1, 1859 – March 10, 1928) was an American pathologist and anatomist.", "title": "Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Bouska (born October 31, 1983, in Decatur, Illinois) is an American fashion photographer who runs a photography studio based out of West Hollywood, California. Known for pictures of male models in particular, he is considered a rising 'superstar photographer' in the gay community. Bouska is most recognized for co-creation of the internationally recognized NOH8 Campaign.", "title": "Adam Bouska" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Webster (born 3 July 1980 in Nottingham, England) is an English footballer who played in The Football League for Notts County.", "title": "Adam Webster (footballer, born 1980)" } ]	When was the painter of The Creation of Adam born?	6 March 1475	[]	Title: John Pounds Passage: John Pounds (June 17, 1766 – January 1, 1839) was a teacher and altruist born in Portsmouth, and the man most responsible for the creation of the concept of Ragged schools. After Pounds' death, Thomas Guthrie (often credited with the creation of Ragged Schools) wrote his "Plea for Ragged Schools" and proclaimed John Pounds as the originator of this idea. Title: Michelangelo Passage: Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near Arezzo, Tuscany. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence; but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's Judicial administrator and podestà or local administrator of Chiusi della Verna. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa—a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed.Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There he gained his love for marble. As Giorgio Vasari quotes him: Title: Adam Webster (footballer, born 1980) Passage: Adam Webster (born 3 July 1980 in Nottingham, England) is an English footballer who played in The Football League for Notts County. Title: Philosopher's stone Passage: The earliest known written mention of the philosopher's stone is in the Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis (c. 300 AD). Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly from God. This knowledge was said to be passed down through biblical patriarchs, giving them their longevity. The legend of the stone was also compared to the biblical history of the Temple of Solomon and the rejected cornerstone described in Psalm 118.The theoretical roots outlining the stone’s creation can be traced to Greek philosophy. Alchemists later used the classical elements, the concept of anima mundi, and Creation stories presented in texts like Plato's Timaeus as analogies for their process. According to Plato, the four elements are derived from a common source or prima materia (first matter), associated with chaos. Prima materia is also the name alchemists assign to the starting ingredient for the creation of the philosopher's stone. The importance of this philosophical first matter persisted throughout the history of alchemy. In the seventeenth century, Thomas Vaughan writes, "the first matter of the stone is the very same with the first matter of all things". Title: Adam Adamant Lives! Passage: Adam Adamant Lives! is a British television series that ran from 1966 to 1967 on BBC 1, starring Gerald Harper in the title role. Proposing that an adventurer born in 1867 had been revived from hibernation in 1966, the show was a comedy adventure that took a satirical look at life in the 1960s through the eyes of an Edwardian (Adamant vanished in 1902, when Edward VII had been on the throne just one year). Title: Adam Mena Passage: Bonifacio Adam Mena (born August 9, 1989) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Charleston Battery in the USL Pro. Title: Adam of Łowicz Passage: Adam of Łowicz (also "Adam of Bocheń" and "Adamus Polonus"; born in Bocheń, near Łowicz, Poland; died 7 February 1514, in Kraków, Poland) was a professor of medicine at the University of Krakow, its rector in 1510–1511, a humanist, writer and philosopher. Title: Adam Zolotin Passage: Adam Zolotin (born November 29, 1983) is an American actor, best known for appearing in "Leave It to Beaver" and "Jack". Title: Terry Adams (musician) Passage: Terry Adams (born August 14, 1948) is an American pianist/composer and a founding member of the musical group NRBQ (New Rhythm and Blues Quintet/Quartet), known for decades of extensive touring, energetic and humorous live shows, and wide-ranging musical repertoire, including rock, blues, country, pop, and jazz. NRBQ ceased performing in 2004, leading Adams to form the Terry Adams Rock and Roll Quartet in 2007. In March 2011, Adams announced that he was changing the name of the band to NRBQ. A new NRBQ CD, "Keep This Love Goin'," heralded the move. Title: Adam Curle Passage: Adam Curle (4 July 1916 – 28 September 2006) was a British academic and Quaker peace activist. His full name was Charles Thomas William Curle; he was known as "Adam" after the town where he was born, L'Isle-Adam, north of Paris. Title: Adam Gottlob Moltke Passage: Count Adam Gottlob Moltke (10 November 171025 September 1792) was a Danish courtier, statesman and diplomat, and Favourite of Frederick V of Denmark. Moltke was born at Riesenhof in Mecklenburg. His son, Joachim Godske Moltke, and his grandson, Adam Wilhelm Moltke, later served as Prime Minister of Denmark. Title: Adam Bodzek Passage: Adam Bodzek (born 7 September 1985) is a German-Polish professional footballer who was born in Poland. He currently plays as a midfielder for Fortuna Düsseldorf. Title: Mary Adams (activist) Passage: Mary G. Adams (born 1938) is an American tax activist from Maine. Adams successfully led the effort to repeal Maine's statewide property tax in the mid-1970s. She led a failed 2006 referendum effort to enact a Taxpayer Bill of Rights in the state. Title: The Devil's Notebook Passage: The Devil's Notebook is the fourth book by Anton LaVey, published in 1992 by Feral House. It includes a foreword by Adam Parfrey and design by Sean Tejaratchi. The book contains forty-one essays in which LaVey provides commentary on such topics as nonconformity, occult faddism, Nazism, terrorism, cannibalism, erotic politics, the “Goodguy badge”, demoralization and the construction of artificial human companions. Included are instructions for the creation of what LaVey terms "total environments", or places of magical evocation, where the enlightened may escape the deleterious effects of contemporary existence. Title: Warren Adams Passage: Warren Adams was born in Minervaville, South Carolina, in 1838 to Governor James Hopkins Adams and Jane Margaret Scott. His great-grandfather is Joel Adams, planter, veteran of the American Revolution, and the patriarch of the Adams family of South Carolina. He graduated from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in 1859, where he was the Commandant of the Corps of Cadets. Adams was also a French professor at The Arsenal Academy, and taught at The Hillsboro Academy in North Carolina. He married Nathalie Heyward, daughter of Nathaniel Heyward, and had nine children, four of whom survived him. Title: Adam Bouska Passage: Adam Bouska (born October 31, 1983, in Decatur, Illinois) is an American fashion photographer who runs a photography studio based out of West Hollywood, California. Known for pictures of male models in particular, he is considered a rising 'superstar photographer' in the gay community. Bouska is most recognized for co-creation of the internationally recognized NOH8 Campaign. Title: Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt Passage: Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt, born Lydia Maria Adams (February 1, 1859 – March 10, 1928) was an American pathologist and anatomist. Title: The Creation of Adam Passage: The Creation of Adam () is a fresco painting by Italian artist Michelangelo, which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling, painted c. 1508–1512. It illustrates the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God gives life to Adam, the first man. The fresco is part of a complex iconographic scheme and is chronologically the fourth in the series of panels depicting episodes from Genesis. Title: Weinland (band) Passage: Adam Shearer born John Adam Weinland Shearer and better known by his band and recording name John Weinland or Weinland is an American singer-songwriter. Shearer has released four studio albums and is also a member of the band Alialujah Choir. Title: Kev Adams Passage: Kev Adams or Kev' Adams (born Kevin Smadja; 1 July 1991) is a French comedian, actor, humorist, screenwriter and film producer.	[ "Michelangelo", "The Creation of Adam" ]
3hop1__350779_691688_4653	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bad Girls from Mars is a 1991 sci-fi comedy film starring Edy Williams and Oliver Darrow and written, produced and directed by Fred Olen Ray.", "title": "Bad Girls from Mars" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Piazzoli began working for the Italian movie industry in the early 1960s as a cameraman, under the direction of Vittorio De Sica, Damiano Damiani, Marco Ferreri, Florestano Vancini, Mauro Bolognini, Dino Risi and Pasquale Festa Campanile.", "title": "Roberto D'Ettorre Piazzoli" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dead Girls Don't Cry is the sixth studio album by the Danish psychobilly band the Nekromantix, released in 2004 by Hellcat Records. It was the group's last album with founding member Peter Sandorff, who had returned to the band several years previous after having been out of the lineup for most of the 1990s, and also their final album with his brother Kristian Sandorff. Prior to this release band leader Kim Nekroman had relocated to Los Angeles, California while the Sandorff brothers remained in Denmark. Recording was therefore rushed as the Sandorffs had to travel to California in order to participate. Following this release the Sandorffs left the band, and Nekroman found new members to fill out the lineup.", "title": "Dead Girls Don't Cry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brandon Teena (born Teena Renae Brandon; December 12, 1972 – December 31, 1993) was an American trans man who was raped and murdered in Humboldt, Nebraska. His life and death were the subject of the Academy Award-winning 1999 film \"Boys Don't Cry\", which was partially based on the 1998 documentary film \"The Brandon Teena Story\". Both films also illustrated that legal and medical discrimination contributed to Teena's violent death.", "title": "Brandon Teena" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Don't Wanna Cry\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Larry Gatlin. It was released in May 1977 as the second single from the album \"Love Is Just a Game\". The song reached number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "I Don't Wanna Cry (Larry Gatlin song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Call Girl is a 2011 American pornographic film starring Jessie Andrews, and directed and written by Graham Travis. In 2012, the film received 19 nominations for both creative and technical awards, winning four AVN Awards for best actress, best director, best feature and the AVN's first Movie of the Year award; one XRCO Award for best epic; and six XBIZ Awards for acting performance of the year – female, best cinematography, best non-sex acting performance of the year, director of the year – individual project, and feature movie of the year.", "title": "Portrait of a Call Girl" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don't Tell Alfred is a novel by Nancy Mitford, first published in 1960 by Hamish Hamilton. It is the third in a trilogy centered on an upper-class English family, and takes place twenty years after the events of \"The Pursuit of Love\" and \"Love in a Cold Climate\". It was Mitford's final novel, though she continued to produce works of biography for a number of years before her death in 1973.", "title": "Don't Tell Alfred" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hillary Wolf Saba (born February 7, 1977) is an American former child actress and judoka. She is most notable for starring as the lead character Laura in the theatrical film \"Big Girls Don't Cry... They Get Even\" and for her role as Megan in the \"Home Alone\" series. She won the world judo championships for juniors in 1994 and represented the United States in judo at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Hillary Wolf" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallows Hill (1997) is a supernatural thriller novel for young adults by Lois Duncan. It was her first and only young adult novel written after the death of her daughter. It was written eight years after her previous young adult novel, \"Don't Look Behind You\". It is about a girl who moves to a small town with a secret.", "title": "Gallows Hill (novel)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death of a Legend was the first of three documentary films by Bill Mason about wolves, helping to dispel the image of wolves as \"evil\" and demonstrating their role in maintaining the balance of nature. Released in 1971, \"Death of the Legend\" was the first documentary to feature footage of wolves being born in the wild, and their first year of life. The film was followed two years later by Mason's feature length theatrical documentary on wolves, \"Cry of the Wild\". Both films were produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Mason completed his third and final film on wolves, \"Wolf Pack\", in 1974.", "title": "Death of a Legend" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Say Goodbye Girl\" is the fourth single to be released from R&B singer Tevin Campbell's second album \"I'm Ready\". The song reached #28 on the U.S. R&B chart and #71 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart. \"Brown Eyed Girl\" released June 30, 1995 would be the final single from \"I'm Ready\" to be released for Airplay.", "title": "Don't Say Goodbye Girl" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darren John Lavett (October 31, 1964 – October 11, 2012) was an American music video director, who directed videos for The Offspring, Bad Religion, Bush, Voodoo Glow Skulls, Claw Hammer, Testament and several other bands. He is probably best known for directing the videos of The Offspring's biggest hits \"Come Out and Play\" and \"Self Esteem\". He also directed Eminem's first music video \"Just Don't Give a Fuck.\"", "title": "Darren Lavett" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bad Girls Go to Hell is a 1965 sexploitation film, written, produced and directed by Doris Wishman. The film stars Gigi Darlene, Sam Stewart, Barnard L. Sackett and Darlene Bennett.", "title": "Bad Girls Go to Hell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crying Girl is the name of two different works by Roy Lichtenstein: a 1963 offset lithograph on lightweight, off-white wove paper and a 1964 porcelain enamel on steel.", "title": "Crying Girl" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Wanna Cry\" is Namie Amuro's third solo single on the Avex Trax label. It is her second consecutive million selling single as well as her second consecutive number one single. In December, the single took home the \"Grand Prix Award\" from the 38th Annual Japan Record Awards (analogous to Record of the Year from the Grammy Awards). 19 years old at the time, she is the youngest artist to have been awarded the grand prize.", "title": "Don't Wanna Cry" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Funky Town\" is Namie Amuro's 32nd solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released in CD and CD&DVD formats on April 4, 2007, three months after the release of her previous single \"Baby Don't Cry\".", "title": "Funky Town (Namie Amuro song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song is a mid-tempo country ballad, mostly accompanied by acoustic guitar and saxophone. It was written as a tribute to basketball player and jazz musician Wayman Tisdale, who died on May 15, 2009. In it, the narrator is crying, but states he is not crying for Tisdale's death, rather crying for himself.", "title": "Cryin' for Me (Wayman's Song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stacey Donovan (born October 9, 1964) is an American former pornographic actress and model, who reached the height of her career in the 1980s. At the time she was a favorite of porn producers and directors because of her blonde hair, blue eyes, lithe body, girl-next-door appearance and the apparent eagerness and enthusiasm she displayed in her sex scenes. \"I don't enjoy [working in pornography]\", she told \"The Baltimore Sun\" in October 1985 in an article reprinted in the \"San Diego Union-Tribune\". She noted that she earned about $1,000 a day. \"But I don't like to take my clothes off in front of everyone.\"", "title": "Stacey Donovan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La notte brava (internationally released as Bad Girls Don't Cry, \"Night Heat\" and \"On Any Street\") is a 1959 Italian drama film directed by Mauro Bolognini. The film represents the debut of Tomas Milian in the Italian film industry.", "title": "Bad Girls Don't Cry" } ]	In what year was the city where the director of Bad Girls Don't Cry died conquered?	1870	[]	Title: Portrait of a Call Girl Passage: Portrait of a Call Girl is a 2011 American pornographic film starring Jessie Andrews, and directed and written by Graham Travis. In 2012, the film received 19 nominations for both creative and technical awards, winning four AVN Awards for best actress, best director, best feature and the AVN's first Movie of the Year award; one XRCO Award for best epic; and six XBIZ Awards for acting performance of the year – female, best cinematography, best non-sex acting performance of the year, director of the year – individual project, and feature movie of the year. Title: Brandon Teena Passage: Brandon Teena (born Teena Renae Brandon; December 12, 1972 – December 31, 1993) was an American trans man who was raped and murdered in Humboldt, Nebraska. His life and death were the subject of the Academy Award-winning 1999 film "Boys Don't Cry", which was partially based on the 1998 documentary film "The Brandon Teena Story". Both films also illustrated that legal and medical discrimination contributed to Teena's violent death. Title: Darren Lavett Passage: Darren John Lavett (October 31, 1964 – October 11, 2012) was an American music video director, who directed videos for The Offspring, Bad Religion, Bush, Voodoo Glow Skulls, Claw Hammer, Testament and several other bands. He is probably best known for directing the videos of The Offspring's biggest hits "Come Out and Play" and "Self Esteem". He also directed Eminem's first music video "Just Don't Give a Fuck." Title: Gallows Hill (novel) Passage: Gallows Hill (1997) is a supernatural thriller novel for young adults by Lois Duncan. It was her first and only young adult novel written after the death of her daughter. It was written eight years after her previous young adult novel, "Don't Look Behind You". It is about a girl who moves to a small town with a secret. Title: Stacey Donovan Passage: Stacey Donovan (born October 9, 1964) is an American former pornographic actress and model, who reached the height of her career in the 1980s. At the time she was a favorite of porn producers and directors because of her blonde hair, blue eyes, lithe body, girl-next-door appearance and the apparent eagerness and enthusiasm she displayed in her sex scenes. "I don't enjoy [working in pornography]", she told "The Baltimore Sun" in October 1985 in an article reprinted in the "San Diego Union-Tribune". She noted that she earned about $1,000 a day. "But I don't like to take my clothes off in front of everyone." Title: Hillary Wolf Passage: Hillary Wolf Saba (born February 7, 1977) is an American former child actress and judoka. She is most notable for starring as the lead character Laura in the theatrical film "Big Girls Don't Cry... They Get Even" and for her role as Megan in the "Home Alone" series. She won the world judo championships for juniors in 1994 and represented the United States in judo at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics. Title: Funky Town (Namie Amuro song) Passage: "Funky Town" is Namie Amuro's 32nd solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released in CD and CD&DVD formats on April 4, 2007, three months after the release of her previous single "Baby Don't Cry". Title: Don't Wanna Cry Passage: "Don't Wanna Cry" is Namie Amuro's third solo single on the Avex Trax label. It is her second consecutive million selling single as well as her second consecutive number one single. In December, the single took home the "Grand Prix Award" from the 38th Annual Japan Record Awards (analogous to Record of the Year from the Grammy Awards). 19 years old at the time, she is the youngest artist to have been awarded the grand prize. Title: Dead Girls Don't Cry Passage: Dead Girls Don't Cry is the sixth studio album by the Danish psychobilly band the Nekromantix, released in 2004 by Hellcat Records. It was the group's last album with founding member Peter Sandorff, who had returned to the band several years previous after having been out of the lineup for most of the 1990s, and also their final album with his brother Kristian Sandorff. Prior to this release band leader Kim Nekroman had relocated to Los Angeles, California while the Sandorff brothers remained in Denmark. Recording was therefore rushed as the Sandorffs had to travel to California in order to participate. Following this release the Sandorffs left the band, and Nekroman found new members to fill out the lineup. Title: Don't Say Goodbye Girl Passage: "Don't Say Goodbye Girl" is the fourth single to be released from R&B singer Tevin Campbell's second album "I'm Ready". The song reached #28 on the U.S. R&B chart and #71 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 pop singles chart. "Brown Eyed Girl" released June 30, 1995 would be the final single from "I'm Ready" to be released for Airplay. Title: Roberto D'Ettorre Piazzoli Passage: Born in Rome, Piazzoli began working for the Italian movie industry in the early 1960s as a cameraman, under the direction of Vittorio De Sica, Damiano Damiani, Marco Ferreri, Florestano Vancini, Mauro Bolognini, Dino Risi and Pasquale Festa Campanile. Title: Bad Girls from Mars Passage: Bad Girls from Mars is a 1991 sci-fi comedy film starring Edy Williams and Oliver Darrow and written, produced and directed by Fred Olen Ray. Title: Crying Girl Passage: Crying Girl is the name of two different works by Roy Lichtenstein: a 1963 offset lithograph on lightweight, off-white wove paper and a 1964 porcelain enamel on steel. Title: Cryin' for Me (Wayman's Song) Passage: The song is a mid-tempo country ballad, mostly accompanied by acoustic guitar and saxophone. It was written as a tribute to basketball player and jazz musician Wayman Tisdale, who died on May 15, 2009. In it, the narrator is crying, but states he is not crying for Tisdale's death, rather crying for himself. Title: I Don't Wanna Cry (Larry Gatlin song) Passage: "I Don't Wanna Cry" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Larry Gatlin. It was released in May 1977 as the second single from the album "Love Is Just a Game". The song reached number 3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: Don't Tell Alfred Passage: Don't Tell Alfred is a novel by Nancy Mitford, first published in 1960 by Hamish Hamilton. It is the third in a trilogy centered on an upper-class English family, and takes place twenty years after the events of "The Pursuit of Love" and "Love in a Cold Climate". It was Mitford's final novel, though she continued to produce works of biography for a number of years before her death in 1973. Title: Bad Girls Don't Cry Passage: La notte brava (internationally released as Bad Girls Don't Cry, "Night Heat" and "On Any Street") is a 1959 Italian drama film directed by Mauro Bolognini. The film represents the debut of Tomas Milian in the Italian film industry. Title: Bad Girls Go to Hell Passage: Bad Girls Go to Hell is a 1965 sexploitation film, written, produced and directed by Doris Wishman. The film stars Gigi Darlene, Sam Stewart, Barnard L. Sackett and Darlene Bennett. Title: Death of a Legend Passage: Death of a Legend was the first of three documentary films by Bill Mason about wolves, helping to dispel the image of wolves as "evil" and demonstrating their role in maintaining the balance of nature. Released in 1971, "Death of the Legend" was the first documentary to feature footage of wolves being born in the wild, and their first year of life. The film was followed two years later by Mason's feature length theatrical documentary on wolves, "Cry of the Wild". Both films were produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Mason completed his third and final film on wolves, "Wolf Pack", in 1974. Title: Southern Europe Passage: The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.	[ "Southern Europe", "Roberto D'Ettorre Piazzoli", "Bad Girls Don't Cry" ]
2hop__708221_467995	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Hate the French\" is a satirical comedy song performed live by Howard Goodall during Rowan Atkinson's 1980 tour of the United Kingdom. A live recording was made at the Grand Opera House in Belfast, Northern Ireland, on 19 or 20 September 1980 and released on Rowan Atkinson's live comedy album, \"Live in Belfast\"; it was also released as a single. The music was composed by Goodall and the lyrics were written by comedy writer Richard Curtis.", "title": "I Hate the French" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The characters in the play were a selection of the low - life of London; a collection of gamblers, spivs, prostitutes, teddy boys and girls and some not - too - honest police. The title song, ``Fings ai n't wot they used t'be '', was memorable and was recorded by Max Bygraves, albeit with heavily bowdlerised lyrics. An original cast recording was made, and has recently been re-released on Hallmark Records (710032).", "title": "Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From Under the Cork Tree is the second studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on May 3, 2005, through Island Records as the band's major label debut. The music was composed by lead vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump, with all lyrics penned by bassist Pete Wentz, continuing the band's songwriting approach they took for some songs on their prior 2003 effort Take This to Your Grave. Neal Avron handled production duties. Commenting on the record's lyrical themes, Wentz said the lyrics were about ``the anxiety and depression that goes along with looking at your own life. ''In support of their release the group headlined tours worldwide and played at various music festivals. For their Black Clouds and Underdogs tour the album was re-released as From Under the Cork Tree (Limited`` Black Clouds and Underdogs'' Edition), featuring new songs and remixes.", "title": "From Under the Cork Tree" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lotus is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Aguilera. RCA Records released the album on November 9, 2012. Its music incorporates pop styles with elements of dance-pop, rock in the form of upbeat songs and piano-driven ballads. Aguilera described the album as a \"rebirth\", drawing inspiration from events in her life, her appearance on \"The Voice\", and her divorce. The album was recorded at Aguilera's home studio. As executive producer, she collaborated with a wide range of producers, including new partners Alex da Kid, Max Martin, Lucas Secon and Tracklacers.", "title": "Lotus (Christina Aguilera album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bar Mitzvah Boy is a musical with a book by Jack Rosenthal, lyrics by Don Black, and music by Jule Styne.", "title": "Bar Mitzvah Boy (musical)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Hate Mondays\" is a song by English singer-songwriter and musician Newton Faulkner. The song was released on 11 September 2009 in Australia. The song peaked at number 8 on the Australian Singles Chart. The lyrics to the song were written by Michael \"Horgs\" Horgan for the \"Hamish & Andy Show\"; specifically, the lyrics were made for a segment of the show called \"Horgs' Inventions\", where Horgs noted that there hadn't been any songs about hating Mondays in a long time. Harry Connick Jr also performed a version of the song, but his version was not officially released as a single.", "title": "I Hate Mondays (song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"How Will I Know\" is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for her eponymous debut studio album, which was released in February 1985. The song was released by Arista Records in November that year as the album's third single. Composed by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam, the song was originally intended for American singer Janet Jackson, but she passed on it. Houston then recorded the song with altered lyrics and production from Narada Michael Walden. The lyrics speak about the protagonist trying to discern if a boy she likes will ever like her back.", "title": "How Will I Know" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milan Radenkovich (December 15, 1941 – March 14, 1971), who was always credited mononymously as Milan, was an American record producer, songwriter and recording artist on numerous songs made throughout the 1960s, mostly though not exclusively in the garage rock genre. He released an LP and numerous singles for seven different national record labels and other independent labels (a total of more than 30 songs) under a variety of names, including Milan with His Orchestra, Milan, The World of Milan, Milan (The Leather Boy), and The Leather Boy, and also worked under the name Rick Rodell. As a producer, arranger and/or songwriter, Milan oversaw many other releases by a variety of artists ranging from the pop singer Lou Christie to the psychedelic rock band the Head Shop.", "title": "Milan the Leather Boy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "School Boy Records is an American record label established in 2007 by Scooter Braun through his School Boy Entertainment, part of SB Projects, a full-service entertainment and marketing company encompassing a wide range of ventures including Raymond Braun Media Group, SB Consulting, SB Management, and Sheba Publishing. The label has a special business arrangement with Universal Music Group.", "title": "School Boy Records" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "You'd Prefer an Astronaut is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band Hum, released on April 11, 1995 by RCA Records as their major label debut. The title of the album is a lyric lifted from the song \"I'd Like Your Hair Long\".", "title": "You'd Prefer an Astronaut" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Boy Racer\" is a song by Morrissey, released as a single in 1995, the second single to be taken from the album \"Southpaw Grammar\". It was Morrissey's second and final single release on the RCA record label he had signed to after leaving EMI. The single was released across two CDs, each with different covers but both featuring a young boy. Contrary to rumour, the child is not Morrissey's nephew.", "title": "The Boy Racer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy ''(sometimes titled`` The Little Drummer Boy / Peace on Earth'') is a Christmas song with an added counterpoint performed by David Bowie and Bing Crosby. ``The Little Drummer Boy ''is a Christmas song written in 1941, while the`` Peace on Earth'' tune and lyrics, written by Ian Fraser, Larry Grossman, and Alan Kohan, were added to the song specially for Bowie and Crosby's recording.", "title": "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Bye Bye Bye\" is a song by the American boy band, NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the lead single from their third studio album \"No Strings Attached\". The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records.", "title": "Bye Bye Bye" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tam, de nas nema (; \"Wherever We Aren't\") is the debut studio album of the popular Ukrainian rock group Okean Elzy. Svyatoslav Vakarchuk is the lead vocalist and songwriter for most of the lyrics on this album. It was released in 1998 by the Kiev-based record label Lavina Music.", "title": "Tam, de nas nema" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"I Hate Boys\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Christina Aguilera for her sixth studio album, \"Bionic\" (2010). The song was written by Aguilera, Ester Dean, William Tyler, Bill Wellings, J. J. Hunter and Jamal Jones, who also handled the production of the track. \"I Hate Boys\" is a glam rock and pop song, containing elements of urban pop and synthpop. Lyrically, it is a hate-driven song about ridiculing bad boys.", "title": "I Hate Boys" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``What the World Needs Now Is Love ''is a 1965 popular song with lyrics by Hal David and music composed by Burt Bacharach. First recorded and made popular by Jackie DeShannon, it was released on April 15, 1965, on the Imperial label after a release on sister label Liberty records the previous month was canceled. It peaked at number seven on the US Hot 100 in July of that year. In Canada, the song reached number one.", "title": "What the World Needs Now Is Love" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Bye Bye Bye ''is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the first single from their second studio album No Strings Attached. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records.", "title": "Bye Bye Bye" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The DeAndre Way is the third studio album by American rapper Soulja Boy. It was released on November 30, 2010, by his label Stacks on Deck Entertainment, Collipark Music and Interscope Records.", "title": "The DeAndre Way" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Bye Bye Bye ''is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the first single from their third studio album No Strings Attached. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records.", "title": "Bye Bye Bye" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Last Kiss ''is a song released by Wayne Cochran in 1961 on the Gala label. It failed to do well on the charts. Cochran subsequently re-recorded his song for the King label in 1963. It was later revived by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers, Pearl Jam and several international artists, including the Canadian group Wednesday, with varying degrees of success. The song was one of several teen tragedy songs from that period. The song's opening lyrics mirror the opening lyrics of Septimus Winner's`` Der Deitcher's Dog''.", "title": "Last Kiss" } ]	What is the record label of the artist who wrote the lyrics to I Hate Boys?	RCA Records	[ "RCA" ]	Title: Last Kiss Passage: ``Last Kiss ''is a song released by Wayne Cochran in 1961 on the Gala label. It failed to do well on the charts. Cochran subsequently re-recorded his song for the King label in 1963. It was later revived by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers, Pearl Jam and several international artists, including the Canadian group Wednesday, with varying degrees of success. The song was one of several teen tragedy songs from that period. The song's opening lyrics mirror the opening lyrics of Septimus Winner's`` Der Deitcher's Dog''. Title: Bye Bye Bye Passage: "Bye Bye Bye" is a song by the American boy band, NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the lead single from their third studio album "No Strings Attached". The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. Title: How Will I Know Passage: "How Will I Know" is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for her eponymous debut studio album, which was released in February 1985. The song was released by Arista Records in November that year as the album's third single. Composed by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam, the song was originally intended for American singer Janet Jackson, but she passed on it. Houston then recorded the song with altered lyrics and production from Narada Michael Walden. The lyrics speak about the protagonist trying to discern if a boy she likes will ever like her back. Title: Lotus (Christina Aguilera album) Passage: Lotus is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Aguilera. RCA Records released the album on November 9, 2012. Its music incorporates pop styles with elements of dance-pop, rock in the form of upbeat songs and piano-driven ballads. Aguilera described the album as a "rebirth", drawing inspiration from events in her life, her appearance on "The Voice", and her divorce. The album was recorded at Aguilera's home studio. As executive producer, she collaborated with a wide range of producers, including new partners Alex da Kid, Max Martin, Lucas Secon and Tracklacers. Title: I Hate Mondays (song) Passage: "I Hate Mondays" is a song by English singer-songwriter and musician Newton Faulkner. The song was released on 11 September 2009 in Australia. The song peaked at number 8 on the Australian Singles Chart. The lyrics to the song were written by Michael "Horgs" Horgan for the "Hamish & Andy Show"; specifically, the lyrics were made for a segment of the show called "Horgs' Inventions", where Horgs noted that there hadn't been any songs about hating Mondays in a long time. Harry Connick Jr also performed a version of the song, but his version was not officially released as a single. Title: Bye Bye Bye Passage: ``Bye Bye Bye ''is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the first single from their third studio album No Strings Attached. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. Title: You'd Prefer an Astronaut Passage: You'd Prefer an Astronaut is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band Hum, released on April 11, 1995 by RCA Records as their major label debut. The title of the album is a lyric lifted from the song "I'd Like Your Hair Long". Title: Bye Bye Bye Passage: ``Bye Bye Bye ''is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the first single from their second studio album No Strings Attached. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. Title: From Under the Cork Tree Passage: From Under the Cork Tree is the second studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on May 3, 2005, through Island Records as the band's major label debut. The music was composed by lead vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump, with all lyrics penned by bassist Pete Wentz, continuing the band's songwriting approach they took for some songs on their prior 2003 effort Take This to Your Grave. Neal Avron handled production duties. Commenting on the record's lyrical themes, Wentz said the lyrics were about ``the anxiety and depression that goes along with looking at your own life. ''In support of their release the group headlined tours worldwide and played at various music festivals. For their Black Clouds and Underdogs tour the album was re-released as From Under the Cork Tree (Limited`` Black Clouds and Underdogs'' Edition), featuring new songs and remixes. Title: The Boy Racer Passage: "The Boy Racer" is a song by Morrissey, released as a single in 1995, the second single to be taken from the album "Southpaw Grammar". It was Morrissey's second and final single release on the RCA record label he had signed to after leaving EMI. The single was released across two CDs, each with different covers but both featuring a young boy. Contrary to rumour, the child is not Morrissey's nephew. Title: Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be Passage: The characters in the play were a selection of the low - life of London; a collection of gamblers, spivs, prostitutes, teddy boys and girls and some not - too - honest police. The title song, ``Fings ai n't wot they used t'be '', was memorable and was recorded by Max Bygraves, albeit with heavily bowdlerised lyrics. An original cast recording was made, and has recently been re-released on Hallmark Records (710032). Title: Tam, de nas nema Passage: Tam, de nas nema (; "Wherever We Aren't") is the debut studio album of the popular Ukrainian rock group Okean Elzy. Svyatoslav Vakarchuk is the lead vocalist and songwriter for most of the lyrics on this album. It was released in 1998 by the Kiev-based record label Lavina Music. Title: I Hate Boys Passage: "I Hate Boys" is a song recorded by American recording artist Christina Aguilera for her sixth studio album, "Bionic" (2010). The song was written by Aguilera, Ester Dean, William Tyler, Bill Wellings, J. J. Hunter and Jamal Jones, who also handled the production of the track. "I Hate Boys" is a glam rock and pop song, containing elements of urban pop and synthpop. Lyrically, it is a hate-driven song about ridiculing bad boys. Title: Milan the Leather Boy Passage: Milan Radenkovich (December 15, 1941 – March 14, 1971), who was always credited mononymously as Milan, was an American record producer, songwriter and recording artist on numerous songs made throughout the 1960s, mostly though not exclusively in the garage rock genre. He released an LP and numerous singles for seven different national record labels and other independent labels (a total of more than 30 songs) under a variety of names, including Milan with His Orchestra, Milan, The World of Milan, Milan (The Leather Boy), and The Leather Boy, and also worked under the name Rick Rodell. As a producer, arranger and/or songwriter, Milan oversaw many other releases by a variety of artists ranging from the pop singer Lou Christie to the psychedelic rock band the Head Shop. Title: The DeAndre Way Passage: The DeAndre Way is the third studio album by American rapper Soulja Boy. It was released on November 30, 2010, by his label Stacks on Deck Entertainment, Collipark Music and Interscope Records. Title: I Hate the French Passage: "I Hate the French" is a satirical comedy song performed live by Howard Goodall during Rowan Atkinson's 1980 tour of the United Kingdom. A live recording was made at the Grand Opera House in Belfast, Northern Ireland, on 19 or 20 September 1980 and released on Rowan Atkinson's live comedy album, "Live in Belfast"; it was also released as a single. The music was composed by Goodall and the lyrics were written by comedy writer Richard Curtis. Title: Bar Mitzvah Boy (musical) Passage: Bar Mitzvah Boy is a musical with a book by Jack Rosenthal, lyrics by Don Black, and music by Jule Styne. Title: School Boy Records Passage: School Boy Records is an American record label established in 2007 by Scooter Braun through his School Boy Entertainment, part of SB Projects, a full-service entertainment and marketing company encompassing a wide range of ventures including Raymond Braun Media Group, SB Consulting, SB Management, and Sheba Publishing. The label has a special business arrangement with Universal Music Group. Title: What the World Needs Now Is Love Passage: ``What the World Needs Now Is Love ''is a 1965 popular song with lyrics by Hal David and music composed by Burt Bacharach. First recorded and made popular by Jackie DeShannon, it was released on April 15, 1965, on the Imperial label after a release on sister label Liberty records the previous month was canceled. It peaked at number seven on the US Hot 100 in July of that year. In Canada, the song reached number one. Title: Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy Passage: ``Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy ''(sometimes titled`` The Little Drummer Boy / Peace on Earth'') is a Christmas song with an added counterpoint performed by David Bowie and Bing Crosby. ``The Little Drummer Boy ''is a Christmas song written in 1941, while the`` Peace on Earth'' tune and lyrics, written by Ian Fraser, Larry Grossman, and Alan Kohan, were added to the song specially for Bowie and Crosby's recording.	[ "Lotus (Christina Aguilera album)", "I Hate Boys" ]
2hop__103814_135710	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Zuse Program is one-year fellowship for ICT entrepreneurs, supported from the Federal Foreign Office of Germany and the German Investment and Development Corporation (DEG). Konrad Zuse Program gives the opportunity to receive training in German companies operating in the area of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in order to narrow the digital divide in a globalize world.", "title": "Konrad Zuse Scholarship Programme 2009" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, also is a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.", "title": "Norway" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck (5 December 1776 – 24 January 1851) was a German surgeon, ophthalmologist and anatomist who was a native of Horneburg.", "title": "Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sophia of Masovia (1497/1498 - before 11 March 1543 ) was a Princess of Masovia, daughter of Konrad III Rudy, Duke of Masovia and his wife Anna Radziwiłł. She was a member of the House of Piast.", "title": "Sophia of Masovia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sudden Loneliness of Konrad Steiner () is a 1976 Swiss drama film directed by Kurt Gloor. It was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival.", "title": "The Sudden Loneliness of Konrad Steiner" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Martin (18 May 1812, at Geismar, Province of Saxony – 16 July 1879, at Mont St Guibert, near Brussels, Belgium) was a Catholic Bishop of Paderborn.", "title": "Konrad Martin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antoine Konrad (born 23 June 1975 in Sissach, Basel-Landschaft), better known as DJ Antoine, is a Swiss House DJ, record producer and lifestyle entrepreneur from Basel, Switzerland.", "title": "DJ Antoine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Gehringer (4 June 1939 – 12 December 2003) was a German car mechanic and bus driver who had a one-man operation for producing electronic organs in Pforzheim, Germany.", "title": "Konrad Gehringer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Repgen (5 May 1923 – 2 April 2017) was a German historian and a professor emeritus (retired) at the University of Bonn. He was revered for his work on contemporary church history.", "title": "Konrad Repgen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad von Wallenrode (c. 1330s – 23 July 1393) was the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1391 to 1393. Modern sources are friendly towards Konrad, although they claim he was hot-blooded, proud, and had tendencies to be cruel.", "title": "Konrad von Wallenrode" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Germany Foundation () was a German organisation associated with the Christian Democratic Union and Christian Social Union, that existed from 1966 to 2007. It was founded in Rosenheim in Bavaria and incorporated in 1967. The organisation was founded by author Kurt Ziesel after a visit to Konrad Adenauer, who became its first honorary president. From 1967 to 2001 the foundation awarded the Konrad Adenauer Prize and published the magazine \"Deutschland-Magazin\". The foundation was viewed as an organisation of the conservative faction within CDU/CSU, and was staunchly anti-communist.", "title": "Germany Foundation" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Konrad Bellermann (14 March 1814, Erfurt – 11 August 1889, Berlin) was a German painter and naturalist, who specialized in scenes of Venezuela.", "title": "Ferdinand Bellermann" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Jażdżewski (1908–1985) was a Polish professor of archeology, doctor honoris causa at the University of Łódź. He was the first to conduct excavations at Brześć Kujawski.", "title": "Konrad Jażdżewski" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Martin Fritiof Svensson (2 June 1896 – 5 March 1961) was a featherweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Sweden who competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics He won a bronze medal in 1920 and finished fifth in 1924. Svensson won a world title in Stockholm in 1922.", "title": "Fritiof Svensson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walter Haenisch (Dortmund 1906 - Butovo 1938) was a Marxist theoretician and the son of German SPD politician Konrad Haenisch.", "title": "Walter Haenisch" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Sundlo (born in 1881 in Kristiansand, Norway, died 25 May 1965 on Nesøya, Asker, Norway) was a Norwegian officer and politician in Nasjonal Samling before and during Second World War.", "title": "Konrad Sundlo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Seconds (, 2002) is a novel by Norwegian writer Karin Fossum, the sixth in the Inspector Konrad Sejer series. The novel won Sweden's Martin Beck Award in 2002.", "title": "Black Seconds" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Konrad Biesalski (* 14 April 1949 in Marburg) is a German physician and professor of biological chemistry and nutritional medicine at the University of Hohenheim.", "title": "Hans Konrad Biesalski" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": ", better known by her pen name is a Japanese manga artist. She is married to fellow manga artist Tatsuneko, from whom he took the name of . She is a graduate of Mita Senior High School, Tokyo. She currently lives in Setagaya, Tokyo with her husband and daughter.", "title": "Yun Kōga" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Zdarsa (7 June 1944) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of Görlitz from 2007 till 2010, when he became bishop of Augsburg.", "title": "Konrad Zdarsa" } ]	What was the country where Konrad Sundlo was from named after?	north	[ "North", "N" ]	Title: Germany Foundation Passage: The Germany Foundation () was a German organisation associated with the Christian Democratic Union and Christian Social Union, that existed from 1966 to 2007. It was founded in Rosenheim in Bavaria and incorporated in 1967. The organisation was founded by author Kurt Ziesel after a visit to Konrad Adenauer, who became its first honorary president. From 1967 to 2001 the foundation awarded the Konrad Adenauer Prize and published the magazine "Deutschland-Magazin". The foundation was viewed as an organisation of the conservative faction within CDU/CSU, and was staunchly anti-communist. Title: Konrad Zuse Scholarship Programme 2009 Passage: Konrad Zuse Program is one-year fellowship for ICT entrepreneurs, supported from the Federal Foreign Office of Germany and the German Investment and Development Corporation (DEG). Konrad Zuse Program gives the opportunity to receive training in German companies operating in the area of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in order to narrow the digital divide in a globalize world. Title: Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck Passage: Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck (5 December 1776 – 24 January 1851) was a German surgeon, ophthalmologist and anatomist who was a native of Horneburg. Title: Fritiof Svensson Passage: Konrad Martin Fritiof Svensson (2 June 1896 – 5 March 1961) was a featherweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Sweden who competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics He won a bronze medal in 1920 and finished fifth in 1924. Svensson won a world title in Stockholm in 1922. Title: Konrad Repgen Passage: Konrad Repgen (5 May 1923 – 2 April 2017) was a German historian and a professor emeritus (retired) at the University of Bonn. He was revered for his work on contemporary church history. Title: Black Seconds Passage: Black Seconds (, 2002) is a novel by Norwegian writer Karin Fossum, the sixth in the Inspector Konrad Sejer series. The novel won Sweden's Martin Beck Award in 2002. Title: Konrad Martin Passage: Konrad Martin (18 May 1812, at Geismar, Province of Saxony – 16 July 1879, at Mont St Guibert, near Brussels, Belgium) was a Catholic Bishop of Paderborn. Title: Konrad Gehringer Passage: Konrad Gehringer (4 June 1939 – 12 December 2003) was a German car mechanic and bus driver who had a one-man operation for producing electronic organs in Pforzheim, Germany. Title: Ferdinand Bellermann Passage: Ferdinand Konrad Bellermann (14 March 1814, Erfurt – 11 August 1889, Berlin) was a German painter and naturalist, who specialized in scenes of Venezuela. Title: DJ Antoine Passage: Antoine Konrad (born 23 June 1975 in Sissach, Basel-Landschaft), better known as DJ Antoine, is a Swiss House DJ, record producer and lifestyle entrepreneur from Basel, Switzerland. Title: Konrad Sundlo Passage: Konrad Sundlo (born in 1881 in Kristiansand, Norway, died 25 May 1965 on Nesøya, Asker, Norway) was a Norwegian officer and politician in Nasjonal Samling before and during Second World War. Title: The Sudden Loneliness of Konrad Steiner Passage: The Sudden Loneliness of Konrad Steiner () is a 1976 Swiss drama film directed by Kurt Gloor. It was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival. Title: Hans Konrad Biesalski Passage: Hans Konrad Biesalski (* 14 April 1949 in Marburg) is a German physician and professor of biological chemistry and nutritional medicine at the University of Hohenheim. Title: Konrad Zdarsa Passage: Konrad Zdarsa (7 June 1944) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of Görlitz from 2007 till 2010, when he became bishop of Augsburg. Title: Sophia of Masovia Passage: Sophia of Masovia (1497/1498 - before 11 March 1543 ) was a Princess of Masovia, daughter of Konrad III Rudy, Duke of Masovia and his wife Anna Radziwiłł. She was a member of the House of Piast. Title: Konrad Jażdżewski Passage: Konrad Jażdżewski (1908–1985) was a Polish professor of archeology, doctor honoris causa at the University of Łódź. He was the first to conduct excavations at Brześć Kujawski. Title: Konrad von Wallenrode Passage: Konrad von Wallenrode (c. 1330s – 23 July 1393) was the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1391 to 1393. Modern sources are friendly towards Konrad, although they claim he was hot-blooded, proud, and had tendencies to be cruel. Title: Yun Kōga Passage: , better known by her pen name is a Japanese manga artist. She is married to fellow manga artist Tatsuneko, from whom he took the name of . She is a graduate of Mita Senior High School, Tokyo. She currently lives in Setagaya, Tokyo with her husband and daughter. Title: Norway Passage: Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, also is a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. Title: Walter Haenisch Passage: Walter Haenisch (Dortmund 1906 - Butovo 1938) was a Marxist theoretician and the son of German SPD politician Konrad Haenisch.	[ "Norway", "Konrad Sundlo" ]
2hop__131037_8773	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Habibganj railway station (Station Code: HBJ) is a railway station in Bhopal City and part of the West Central Railway. It is located in Habibganj, New Bhopal. It is India's first private railway station.", "title": "Habibganj railway station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ommen is a railway station at Ommen, the Netherlands. The station is located 1 km south of the town center. The station was opened on 15 January 1903 and is located on the Zwolle–Emmen railway. Train services are operated by Arriva.", "title": "Ommen railway station" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steinberg Station () was located at the village of Steinberg in Nedre Eiker, Norway on the Sørlandet Line. The station was served by local trains between Kongsberg via Oslo to Eidsvoll operated by Norwegian State Railways. The station was opened in 1906 on what was then part of the Randsfjorden Line. It closed in December 2012.", "title": "Steinberg Station" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krupunder station is on the Hamburg-Altona–Kiel line and is a railway station served by the city trains of the Hamburg S-Bahn. The railway station is located in the municipality Halstenbek in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, directly at the border to Hamburg.", "title": "Krupunder station" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonava railway station () is a Lithuanian Railways station in Jonava. The structure is included in the list of architectural monuments of Lithuania (code S 440). The station was built in 1871.", "title": "Jonava railway station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winsum is a railway station located in Winsum, The Netherlands. The station was opened on 16 August 1893 and is located on the Sauwerd–Roodeschool railway. The train services are operated by Arriva.", "title": "Winsum railway station" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angoulême is a railway station located in Angoulême, Charente, south-western France. The station was opened in 1852 and is located on the Paris–Bordeaux railway, Saintes-Angoulême railway and Limoges-Angoulême railway. The train services are operated by SNCF.", "title": "Gare d'Angoulême" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ŏp'a Station is a railway station in Ŏp'a-rodongjagu, P'yŏngwŏn County, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngŭi line of the Korean State Railway.", "title": "Opa Station" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nijverdal is a railway station located in Nijverdal, the Netherlands. The station opened on 1 January 1881 and is located on the Zwolle–Almelo railway. Train services are operated by Keolis Nederland. Previously, this station was called Hellendoorn-Nijverdal(1881-1925) and Nijverdal Noord (1925-1935), to differentiate it from the then main Nijverdal station, located on the former Neede-Hellendoorn railway (1910-1935).", "title": "Nijverdal railway station" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jona is a railway station in Switzerland, situated next to the village of Jona in the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona. The station is located on the Wallisellen to Uster and Rapperswil railway line and served by Zurich S-Bahn lines S5 and S15.", "title": "Jona railway station" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Råde Station () is a located on the Østfold Line railway, located at the village of Karlshus in Råde county, Norway. The station is served by regional trains between Oslo and Halden with hourly headway by Norwegian State Railways.", "title": "Råde Station" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doboy railway station was a former railway station on QR Citytrain suburban network in Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. It was located between Murarrie and Hemmant stations on the Cleveland railway line.", "title": "Doboy railway station" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Berlin Rathaus Steglitz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Rathaus Steglitz) is the name of both a railway station on the Wannsee Railway and a U-Bahn station in the district of Steglitz in Berlin, Germany, which are close together. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn, Berlin U-Bahn and numerous local bus lines.", "title": "Berlin Rathaus Steglitz station" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yangmok Station is a railway station on the Gyeongbu Line, the most important railway line in South Korea and one of the oldest. It is located between Waegwan Station and Gumi Station.", "title": "Yangmok Station" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Swaythling railway station is on the South Western Main Line on the northern edge of Southampton in Hampshire, England, serving the area of Swaythling. It is down the line from .", "title": "Swaythling railway station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pregnana Milanese railway station is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Turin–Milan railway, it serves the municipality of Pregnana Milanese. The train services are operated by Trenord.", "title": "Pregnana Milanese railway station" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station (Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated in between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station.", "title": "Munroturuttu railway station" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boxtel railway station is located in Boxtel, Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 May 1865 and is located on the Breda–Eindhoven railway (between Tilburg and Eindhoven) and the Utrecht–Boxtel railway. The station is currently operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. Boxtel is an interchange station for Stoptreinen (trains stopping at every station) in North Brabant. There are services meeting in 3 different directions.", "title": "Boxtel railway station" } ]	What's the name of the hockey club in the state where Swaythling railway station is located?	Southampton Hockey Club	[]	Title: Yangmok Station Passage: Yangmok Station is a railway station on the Gyeongbu Line, the most important railway line in South Korea and one of the oldest. It is located between Waegwan Station and Gumi Station. Title: Krupunder station Passage: Krupunder station is on the Hamburg-Altona–Kiel line and is a railway station served by the city trains of the Hamburg S-Bahn. The railway station is located in the municipality Halstenbek in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, directly at the border to Hamburg. Title: Boxtel railway station Passage: Boxtel railway station is located in Boxtel, Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 May 1865 and is located on the Breda–Eindhoven railway (between Tilburg and Eindhoven) and the Utrecht–Boxtel railway. The station is currently operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. Boxtel is an interchange station for Stoptreinen (trains stopping at every station) in North Brabant. There are services meeting in 3 different directions. Title: Berlin Rathaus Steglitz station Passage: Berlin Rathaus Steglitz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Rathaus Steglitz) is the name of both a railway station on the Wannsee Railway and a U-Bahn station in the district of Steglitz in Berlin, Germany, which are close together. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn, Berlin U-Bahn and numerous local bus lines. Title: Swaythling railway station Passage: Swaythling railway station is on the South Western Main Line on the northern edge of Southampton in Hampshire, England, serving the area of Swaythling. It is down the line from . Title: Pregnana Milanese railway station Passage: Pregnana Milanese railway station is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Turin–Milan railway, it serves the municipality of Pregnana Milanese. The train services are operated by Trenord. Title: Råde Station Passage: Råde Station () is a located on the Østfold Line railway, located at the village of Karlshus in Råde county, Norway. The station is served by regional trains between Oslo and Halden with hourly headway by Norwegian State Railways. Title: Gare d'Angoulême Passage: Angoulême is a railway station located in Angoulême, Charente, south-western France. The station was opened in 1852 and is located on the Paris–Bordeaux railway, Saintes-Angoulême railway and Limoges-Angoulême railway. The train services are operated by SNCF. Title: Habibganj railway station Passage: Habibganj railway station (Station Code: HBJ) is a railway station in Bhopal City and part of the West Central Railway. It is located in Habibganj, New Bhopal. It is India's first private railway station. Title: Jona railway station Passage: Jona is a railway station in Switzerland, situated next to the village of Jona in the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona. The station is located on the Wallisellen to Uster and Rapperswil railway line and served by Zurich S-Bahn lines S5 and S15. Title: Southampton Passage: Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005. Title: Steinberg Station Passage: Steinberg Station () was located at the village of Steinberg in Nedre Eiker, Norway on the Sørlandet Line. The station was served by local trains between Kongsberg via Oslo to Eidsvoll operated by Norwegian State Railways. The station was opened in 1906 on what was then part of the Randsfjorden Line. It closed in December 2012. Title: Winsum railway station Passage: Winsum is a railway station located in Winsum, The Netherlands. The station was opened on 16 August 1893 and is located on the Sauwerd–Roodeschool railway. The train services are operated by Arriva. Title: Doboy railway station Passage: Doboy railway station was a former railway station on QR Citytrain suburban network in Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. It was located between Murarrie and Hemmant stations on the Cleveland railway line. Title: Munroturuttu railway station Passage: Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station (Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated in between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station. Title: Jonava railway station Passage: Jonava railway station () is a Lithuanian Railways station in Jonava. The structure is included in the list of architectural monuments of Lithuania (code S 440). The station was built in 1871. Title: Ommen railway station Passage: Ommen is a railway station at Ommen, the Netherlands. The station is located 1 km south of the town center. The station was opened on 15 January 1903 and is located on the Zwolle–Emmen railway. Train services are operated by Arriva. Title: Nijverdal railway station Passage: Nijverdal is a railway station located in Nijverdal, the Netherlands. The station opened on 1 January 1881 and is located on the Zwolle–Almelo railway. Train services are operated by Keolis Nederland. Previously, this station was called Hellendoorn-Nijverdal(1881-1925) and Nijverdal Noord (1925-1935), to differentiate it from the then main Nijverdal station, located on the former Neede-Hellendoorn railway (1910-1935). Title: Southampton Passage: The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards. Title: Opa Station Passage: Ŏp'a Station is a railway station in Ŏp'a-rodongjagu, P'yŏngwŏn County, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngŭi line of the Korean State Railway.	[ "Swaythling railway station", "Southampton" ]
3hop1__3157_3356_24534	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the period in which most tornadoes strike (``tornado season '') is March through June, tornadoes - including violent tornadoes and major tornado outbreaks - have been documented in the United States during every month of the year. Two examples of this are when a series of tornadoes hit the state of Indiana on November 22, 1992, and injured at least nine people. Another notable non-season tornado was where a tornado struck the area of McLean County, Illinois. Even though the tornado was during a winter month, it blew 20 railroad cars off their tracks, and hauled a camper over 100 yards (91 m).", "title": "Tornadoes in the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the \"true art form of music\", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem \"so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight\", and that \"television is a lie\". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol \"isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' \" That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that \"Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award\". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that \"there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs\".", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "You're a Star was a singing contest in Ireland, similar to \"The X Factor\" in the United Kingdom and \"American Idol\" in the USA. Created by Screentime ShinAwiL and Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) in 2002, it was shown weekly on RTÉ One over the winter months of each year. The show was broadcast live from The Helix theatre in Dublin City University (DCU).", "title": "You're a Star" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of reality television singing competition American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals -- nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner - up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the series to be aired in high definition.", "title": "American Idol (season 5)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.", "title": "Tornado climatology" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winning the Eurovision Song Contest provides a unique opportunity for the winning artist (s) to capitalise on their success and surrounding publicity by launching or furthering their international career during their singing years. However, throughout the history of the contest, relatively few of these artists have gone on to be huge international stars. The most notable winning Eurovision artists whose career was directly launched into the spotlight following their win were the members of ABBA, who won the 1974 contest for Sweden with their song ``Waterloo ''. ABBA went on to be one of the most successful bands of its time. Another notable winner who subsequently achieved international fame and success was Céline Dion, who won the 1988 contest for Switzerland with the song`` Ne partez pas sans moi''.", "title": "List of Eurovision Song Contest winners" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east. Also a weather phenomenon known as \"cold air damming\" often occurs in the northwestern part of the state, which can also weaken storms but can also lead to major ice events in winter.", "title": "North Carolina" } ]	How many tornadoes does the state that this season's most successful American Idol contestant is from, have per year?	fewer than 20	[]	Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season. Title: Tornadoes in the United States Passage: Although the period in which most tornadoes strike (``tornado season '') is March through June, tornadoes - including violent tornadoes and major tornado outbreaks - have been documented in the United States during every month of the year. Two examples of this are when a series of tornadoes hit the state of Indiana on November 22, 1992, and injured at least nine people. Another notable non-season tornado was where a tornado struck the area of McLean County, Illinois. Even though the tornado was during a winter month, it blew 20 railroad cars off their tracks, and hauled a camper over 100 yards (91 m). Title: American Idol Passage: Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall. Title: American Idol Passage: As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability. Title: You're a Star Passage: You're a Star was a singing contest in Ireland, similar to "The X Factor" in the United Kingdom and "American Idol" in the USA. Created by Screentime ShinAwiL and Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) in 2002, it was shown weekly on RTÉ One over the winter months of each year. The show was broadcast live from The Helix theatre in Dublin City University (DCU). Title: American Idol Passage: Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the "true art form of music", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem "so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight", and that "television is a lie". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol "isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' " That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that "Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that "there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs". Title: American Idol Passage: Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, "People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region." Title: North Carolina Passage: North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east. Also a weather phenomenon known as "cold air damming" often occurs in the northwestern part of the state, which can also weaken storms but can also lead to major ice events in winter. Title: American Idol Passage: The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show. Title: American Idol Passage: In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol. Title: American Idol Passage: In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons. Title: American Idol (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three. Title: List of Eurovision Song Contest winners Passage: Winning the Eurovision Song Contest provides a unique opportunity for the winning artist (s) to capitalise on their success and surrounding publicity by launching or furthering their international career during their singing years. However, throughout the history of the contest, relatively few of these artists have gone on to be huge international stars. The most notable winning Eurovision artists whose career was directly launched into the spotlight following their win were the members of ABBA, who won the 1974 contest for Sweden with their song ``Waterloo ''. ABBA went on to be one of the most successful bands of its time. Another notable winner who subsequently achieved international fame and success was Céline Dion, who won the 1988 contest for Switzerland with the song`` Ne partez pas sans moi''. Title: American Idol Passage: Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success. Title: American Idol Passage: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys." Title: American Idol Passage: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States. Title: American Idol Passage: The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South. Title: Tennessee Passage: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee. Title: American Idol (season 5) Passage: The fifth season of reality television singing competition American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals -- nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner - up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the series to be aired in high definition. Title: Tornado climatology Passage: The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.	[ "American Idol", "American Idol", "North Carolina" ]
2hop__104341_44674	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guajataca Lake, or Lago Guajataca, is a reservoir created by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority in 1929. It is located between the municipalities of San Sebastián, Quebradillas, and Isabela in Puerto Rico. The dam at Guajataca Lake experienced a structural failure on September 22, 2017, due to the hit from Hurricane Maria. The river, Río Guajataca, also carries the name.", "title": "Guajataca Lake" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then restrengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy curved west - northwest (the ``left turn ''or`` left hook'') and then moved ashore near Brigantine, New Jersey, just to the northeast of Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane - force winds.", "title": "Hurricane Sandy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages.", "title": "List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Kitts and Nevis along with Anguilla, became an associated state with full internal autonomy in 1967. Anguillians rebelled and separated from the others in 1977. St. Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1983. It is also the newest sovereign state in the Americas. In August 1998, a vote in Nevis on a referendum to separate from St. Kitts fell short of the required two-thirds majority. In late-September 1998, Hurricane Georges caused approximately $458,000,000 in damages and property and limited GDP growth for the year and beyond. Georges was the worst hurricane to hit the region during the twentieth century.", "title": "Saint Kitts and Nevis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tropical disturbances that reach tropical storm intensity are named from a pre-determined list. On average, 10.1 named storms occur each season, with an average of 5.9 becoming hurricanes and 2.5 becoming major hurricanes (Category 3 or greater). The most active season was 2005, during which 28 tropical cyclones formed, of which a record 15 became hurricanes. The least active season was 1914, with only one known tropical cyclone developing during that year. The Atlantic hurricane season is a time when most tropical cyclones are expected to develop across the northern Atlantic Ocean. It is currently defined as the time frame from June 1 through November 30, though in the past the season was defined as a shorter time frame. During the season, regular tropical weather outlooks are issued by the National Hurricane Center, and coordination between the Weather Prediction Center and National Hurricane Center occurs for systems which have not formed yet, but could develop during the next three to seven days.", "title": "Atlantic hurricane season" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Igor Hernández Colina (born 22 January 1977) is a Venezuelan beach volleyball player. He played with Jesus Villafañe at the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Igor Hernández" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Two Sparrows in a Hurricane ''is a song written by Mark Alan Springer and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in September 1992 as the first single from the album Ca n't Run from Yourself. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Whisper My Name\" is a song written by Trey Bruce, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in June 1994 as the second single from his album \"This Is Me\". It became a Number One country hit for him in both the United States and Canada.", "title": "Whisper My Name" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Severe weather occurs regularly in North Carolina. On the average, a hurricane hits the state once a decade. Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954. Hurricane Isabel stands out as the most damaging of the 21st century. Tropical storms arrive every 3 or 4 years. In addition, many hurricanes and tropical storms graze the state. In some years, several hurricanes or tropical storms can directly strike the state or brush across the coastal areas. Only Florida and Louisiana are hit by hurricanes more often. Although many people believe that hurricanes menace only coastal areas, the rare hurricane which moves inland quickly enough can cause severe damage; for example, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused heavy damage in Charlotte and even as far inland as the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern part of the state. On the average, North Carolina has 50 days of thunderstorm activity per year, with some storms becoming severe enough to produce hail, flash floods, and damaging winds.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the most active Atlantic hurricane seasons since records began in 1851 in which nineteen named storms formed. It was also considered the most active season according to the count of Category 2 hurricanes. The season officially began on June 1 (with Hurricane Alex, the first hurricane of the season forming on June 15) and ended on November 30, dates that conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin. The season's final storm, Hurricane Tomas, dissipated on November 7.", "title": "Timeline of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team.", "title": "Luis Villafañe" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable.", "title": "1921 Tampa Bay hurricane" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Tomas was the latest recorded tropical cyclone on a calendar year to strike the Windward Islands. The nineteenth named storm and twelfth hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, Tomas developed from a tropical wave east of the Windward Islands on October 29. Quickly intensifying into a hurricane, it moved through the Windward Islands and passed over Saint Lucia. After reaching Category 2 status on the Saffir - Simpson scale, Tomas quickly weakened to a tropical storm in the central Caribbean Sea, due to strong wind shear and dry air. Tomas later regained hurricane status as it reorganized near the Windward passage.", "title": "Hurricane Tomas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rovers is a 1980 album by the music group The Irish Rovers. It was their first album after they rebranded themselves as The Rovers, dropping \"Irish\" from the group name, and includes their crossover country hit \"Wasn't That a Party\".", "title": "The Rovers (album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Cape Verde - type hurricane, the strongest observed in the Atlantic in terms of maximum sustained winds since Wilma and the strongest storm on record to exist in the open Atlantic region. It was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Hurricane Maria two weeks later, and is the second - costliest Caribbean hurricane on record, after Maria. The ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, second major hurricane, and first Category 5 hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Irma caused widespread and catastrophic damage throughout its long lifetime, particularly in parts of the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense Atlantic hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year and the first category 4 hurricane to landfall in the state since Charley in 2004.", "title": "Hurricane Irma" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Gladys was the farthest tropical cyclone from the United States to be observed by radar in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Carla in 1961. The seventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1975 Atlantic hurricane season, Gladys developed from a tropical wave while several hundred miles southwest of Cape Verde on September 22. Initially, the tropical depression failed to strengthened significantly, but due to warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear, it became Tropical Storm Gladys by September 24. Despite entering a more unfavorable environment several hundred miles east of the northern Leeward Islands, Gladys became a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scaleon September 28. Shortly thereafter, the storm reentered an area favorable for strengthening. Eventually, a well-defined eye became visible on satellite imagery.", "title": "Hurricane Gladys (1975)" } ]	What hurricane caused catastrophic damage to where Luis Villafañe is from?	Hurricane Maria	[]	Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record. Title: List of Florida hurricanes Passage: The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons. Title: 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane Passage: The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable. Title: Hurricane Sandy Passage: Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then restrengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy curved west - northwest (the ``left turn ''or`` left hook'') and then moved ashore near Brigantine, New Jersey, just to the northeast of Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane - force winds. Title: Atlantic hurricane season Passage: Tropical disturbances that reach tropical storm intensity are named from a pre-determined list. On average, 10.1 named storms occur each season, with an average of 5.9 becoming hurricanes and 2.5 becoming major hurricanes (Category 3 or greater). The most active season was 2005, during which 28 tropical cyclones formed, of which a record 15 became hurricanes. The least active season was 1914, with only one known tropical cyclone developing during that year. The Atlantic hurricane season is a time when most tropical cyclones are expected to develop across the northern Atlantic Ocean. It is currently defined as the time frame from June 1 through November 30, though in the past the season was defined as a shorter time frame. During the season, regular tropical weather outlooks are issued by the National Hurricane Center, and coordination between the Weather Prediction Center and National Hurricane Center occurs for systems which have not formed yet, but could develop during the next three to seven days. Title: Hurricane Tomas Passage: Hurricane Tomas was the latest recorded tropical cyclone on a calendar year to strike the Windward Islands. The nineteenth named storm and twelfth hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, Tomas developed from a tropical wave east of the Windward Islands on October 29. Quickly intensifying into a hurricane, it moved through the Windward Islands and passed over Saint Lucia. After reaching Category 2 status on the Saffir - Simpson scale, Tomas quickly weakened to a tropical storm in the central Caribbean Sea, due to strong wind shear and dry air. Tomas later regained hurricane status as it reorganized near the Windward passage. Title: Guajataca Lake Passage: Guajataca Lake, or Lago Guajataca, is a reservoir created by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority in 1929. It is located between the municipalities of San Sebastián, Quebradillas, and Isabela in Puerto Rico. The dam at Guajataca Lake experienced a structural failure on September 22, 2017, due to the hit from Hurricane Maria. The river, Río Guajataca, also carries the name. Title: Saint Kitts and Nevis Passage: Saint Kitts and Nevis along with Anguilla, became an associated state with full internal autonomy in 1967. Anguillians rebelled and separated from the others in 1977. St. Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1983. It is also the newest sovereign state in the Americas. In August 1998, a vote in Nevis on a referendum to separate from St. Kitts fell short of the required two-thirds majority. In late-September 1998, Hurricane Georges caused approximately $458,000,000 in damages and property and limited GDP growth for the year and beyond. Georges was the worst hurricane to hit the region during the twentieth century. Title: Hurricane Gladys (1975) Passage: Hurricane Gladys was the farthest tropical cyclone from the United States to be observed by radar in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Carla in 1961. The seventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1975 Atlantic hurricane season, Gladys developed from a tropical wave while several hundred miles southwest of Cape Verde on September 22. Initially, the tropical depression failed to strengthened significantly, but due to warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear, it became Tropical Storm Gladys by September 24. Despite entering a more unfavorable environment several hundred miles east of the northern Leeward Islands, Gladys became a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scaleon September 28. Shortly thereafter, the storm reentered an area favorable for strengthening. Eventually, a well-defined eye became visible on satellite imagery. Title: The Rovers (album) Passage: The Rovers is a 1980 album by the music group The Irish Rovers. It was their first album after they rebranded themselves as The Rovers, dropping "Irish" from the group name, and includes their crossover country hit "Wasn't That a Party". Title: Luis Villafañe Passage: Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team. Title: Jacksonville, Florida Passage: Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach. Title: Two Sparrows in a Hurricane Passage: ``Two Sparrows in a Hurricane ''is a song written by Mark Alan Springer and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in September 1992 as the first single from the album Ca n't Run from Yourself. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: Whisper My Name Passage: "Whisper My Name" is a song written by Trey Bruce, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in June 1994 as the second single from his album "This Is Me". It became a Number One country hit for him in both the United States and Canada. Title: List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present) Passage: September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state. Title: List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present) Passage: August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages. Title: North Carolina Passage: Severe weather occurs regularly in North Carolina. On the average, a hurricane hits the state once a decade. Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954. Hurricane Isabel stands out as the most damaging of the 21st century. Tropical storms arrive every 3 or 4 years. In addition, many hurricanes and tropical storms graze the state. In some years, several hurricanes or tropical storms can directly strike the state or brush across the coastal areas. Only Florida and Louisiana are hit by hurricanes more often. Although many people believe that hurricanes menace only coastal areas, the rare hurricane which moves inland quickly enough can cause severe damage; for example, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused heavy damage in Charlotte and even as far inland as the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern part of the state. On the average, North Carolina has 50 days of thunderstorm activity per year, with some storms becoming severe enough to produce hail, flash floods, and damaging winds. Title: Igor Hernández Passage: Igor Hernández Colina (born 22 January 1977) is a Venezuelan beach volleyball player. He played with Jesus Villafañe at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Title: Hurricane Irma Passage: Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Cape Verde - type hurricane, the strongest observed in the Atlantic in terms of maximum sustained winds since Wilma and the strongest storm on record to exist in the open Atlantic region. It was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Hurricane Maria two weeks later, and is the second - costliest Caribbean hurricane on record, after Maria. The ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, second major hurricane, and first Category 5 hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Irma caused widespread and catastrophic damage throughout its long lifetime, particularly in parts of the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense Atlantic hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year and the first category 4 hurricane to landfall in the state since Charley in 2004. Title: Timeline of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season Passage: The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the most active Atlantic hurricane seasons since records began in 1851 in which nineteen named storms formed. It was also considered the most active season according to the count of Category 2 hurricanes. The season officially began on June 1 (with Hurricane Alex, the first hurricane of the season forming on June 15) and ended on November 30, dates that conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin. The season's final storm, Hurricane Tomas, dissipated on November 7.	[ "Hurricane Maria", "Luis Villafañe" ]
2hop__537305_80728	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piney Point Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,125 at the 2010 census. Piney Point Village is the wealthiest place in Texas, as ranked by per capita income. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities in west Houston known as the Memorial Villages.", "title": "Piney Point Village, Texas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%).", "title": "Himachal Pradesh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chathikkatha Chanthu (, ) is a 2004 Malayalam musical-comedy film written and directed by Rafi Mecartin, and produced by Lal. It stars a huge cast consisting of Jayasurya, Vineeth, Lal, Navya Nair, Bhavana, Madhu, Cochin Haneefa, Salim Kumar, Vinayakan, Siddique, and Janardhanan. The music is composed by Alex Paul.", "title": "Chathikkatha Chanthu" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dosti is the story of Ramnath or Ramu (Sushil Kumar) and Mohan (Sudhir Kumar). Ramu's father Mr. Gupta, a factory worker dies in an accident. When the factory refuses to pay compensation, his mother passes out in shock by falling from the stairs. Ramu is injured in an accident and he becomes crippled. Thrown out of his home, crippled and penniless, he roams around the streets of Mumbai. Here he comes across Mohan, a boy who is blind and has a similar tale of woe. Mohan comes from a village. His sister, Meena had migrated from the village to Mumbai to find work as a nurse so that she could pay for her brother's treatment. Mohan left the village after his caretaker died.", "title": "Dosti" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Happy Valley has a small Tibetan temple. This was the first Tibetan temple built in India. The temple was constructed in 1960 by the Tibetan refugees. Lal Tibba is another tourist spot of Mussoorie. Located upwards of main Mussoorie in the cantonment area of Landour, the most appropriate way to explore is to drive up to Char Dukaan and the take the short hike to Lal Tibba. Essentially a gazing spot that offers majestic views of the Himalayas.", "title": "Mussoorie" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brij Mohan Shah (1933–1998), better known as B. M. Shah, was an Indian theatre director and playwright. Shah along with Mohan Upreti, are together credited for the revival of the theatre in the Uttarakhand. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1979.", "title": "B. M. Shah" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naseeruddin Shah as Advocate Malkani Bhisham Sahni as Mohan Joshi Dina Pathak as Joshi's wife Deepti Naval Mohan Gokhale Rohini Hattangadi as Advocate Pankaj Kapur Amjad Khan as Kundan Kapadia, landlord Satish Shah as Advocate Salim Ghouse as Advocate Anjali Paigankar as Joshi's Son's girlfriend", "title": "Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naunihal is a 1967 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Raj Marbros starring Sanjeev Kumar, Balraj Sahni and Indrani Mukherjee in lead roles. The film's music was composed by Madan Mohan, with lyrics by Kaifi Azmi, including the song \"Meri Aawaz Suno Pyar ka Raaz Suno\" (Hear my voice, hear the secret of love) sung by Mohammad Rafi. The song is picturized over the funeral procession of Prime Minister of India, Jawahar Lal Nehru.", "title": "Naunihal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mohan Bhargava (Shah Rukh Khan) is an Indian who works as a Project Manager on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program at NASA in the United States. He keeps worrying about Kaveri Amma (Kishori Ballal), a nanny at his home in Uttar Pradesh who looked after him during his childhood days. After his parents’ death, Kaveri Amma went to live in an old age home in Delhi and lost contact with Mohan. Mohan wishes to go to India and bring Kaveri Amma back with him to the US. He takes a few weeks off and travels to India. He goes to the old age home but learns that Kaveri Amma no longer lives there and went to a village named Charanpur a few years ago. Mohan then decides to travel to Charanpur, in Uttar Pradesh.", "title": "Swades" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Associated Press (AP Poll) provides weekly rankings of the top 25 NCAA teams in one of three Division I college sports: football, men's basketball and women's basketball. The rankings are compiled by polling 65 sportswriters and broadcasters from across the nation. Each voter provides his own ranking of the top 25 teams, and the individual rankings are then combined to produce the national ranking by giving a team 25 points for a first place vote, 24 for a second place vote, and so on down to 1 point for a twenty - fifth place vote. Ballots of the voting members in the AP Poll are made public.", "title": "AP Poll" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Varnakkazchchakal is a 2000 Indian Malayalam film, directed Sundar Das. The film stars Dileep, Poornima Mohan, Suman Ranganath and Jagathy Sreekumar in lead roles. The film had musical score by Mohan Sithara.", "title": "Varnakkazhchakal" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The graduate school at SESP consistently ranks among the top graduate schools of education nationally. The most recent ranking by U.S. News & World Report places SESP at 7th nationwide.", "title": "Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lal Mohan Hansda (born 3 December 1983 in Jharkhand) is an Indian footballer who plays as a forward for Prayag United S.C. in the I-League.", "title": "Lal Mohan Hansda" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Master Mohan Lal is an Indian politician and a member of Bharatiya Janta Party(BJP). He is a former Minister for Transport in Punjab Government.", "title": "Master Mohan Lal" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jharkhand State of India Seal Location of Jharkhand Map of Jharkhand Coordinates (Ranchi): 23 ° 21 ′ N 85 ° 20 ′ E / 23.35 ° N 85.33 ° E / 23.35; 85.33 Coordinates: 23 ° 21 ′ N 85 ° 20 ′ E / 23.35 ° N 85.33 ° E / 23.35; 85.33 Country India Region East India Formation 15 November 2000 Capital Ranchi Districts 24 Government Governor Draupadi Murmu Chief Minister Raghubar Das (BJP) Legislature Unicameral (81 seats) Parliamentary constituency 14 High Court Jharkhand High Court Area Total 79,714 km (30,778 sq mi) Area rank 16th Population (2011) Total 32,988,134 Rank 14th Density 414 / km (1,070 / sq mi) Time zone IST (UTC + 05: 30) ISO 3166 code IN - JH HDI 0.376 (low) HDI rank 19th (2007 - 08) Literacy 67.6% (25th) Official language Hindi Additional official language Urdu Website www.jharkhand.gov.in Formed by the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000", "title": "Jharkhand" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1949, 13 people have been Chief Minister of Rajasthan. Mohan Lal Sukhadia was the longest serving Chief Minister of Rajasthan. After securing majority in 2013 assembly election, Vasundhara Raje of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the incumbent Chief Minister.", "title": "List of chief ministers of Rajasthan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lal Pur is a district in the east of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, bordering Pakistan. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was estimated at 34,516 in 2002, of whom 13,800 were children under 12. The district centre is the village of Lal Pur.", "title": "Lal Pur District" } ]	What's the rank of Lal Mohan Hansda's state of birth in population?	14th	[]	Title: Himachal Pradesh Passage: Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%). Title: Mussoorie Passage: Happy Valley has a small Tibetan temple. This was the first Tibetan temple built in India. The temple was constructed in 1960 by the Tibetan refugees. Lal Tibba is another tourist spot of Mussoorie. Located upwards of main Mussoorie in the cantonment area of Landour, the most appropriate way to explore is to drive up to Char Dukaan and the take the short hike to Lal Tibba. Essentially a gazing spot that offers majestic views of the Himalayas. Title: Lal Mohan Hansda Passage: Lal Mohan Hansda (born 3 December 1983 in Jharkhand) is an Indian footballer who plays as a forward for Prayag United S.C. in the I-League. Title: Swades Passage: Mohan Bhargava (Shah Rukh Khan) is an Indian who works as a Project Manager on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program at NASA in the United States. He keeps worrying about Kaveri Amma (Kishori Ballal), a nanny at his home in Uttar Pradesh who looked after him during his childhood days. After his parents’ death, Kaveri Amma went to live in an old age home in Delhi and lost contact with Mohan. Mohan wishes to go to India and bring Kaveri Amma back with him to the US. He takes a few weeks off and travels to India. He goes to the old age home but learns that Kaveri Amma no longer lives there and went to a village named Charanpur a few years ago. Mohan then decides to travel to Charanpur, in Uttar Pradesh. Title: Master Mohan Lal Passage: Master Mohan Lal is an Indian politician and a member of Bharatiya Janta Party(BJP). He is a former Minister for Transport in Punjab Government. Title: Naunihal Passage: Naunihal is a 1967 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Raj Marbros starring Sanjeev Kumar, Balraj Sahni and Indrani Mukherjee in lead roles. The film's music was composed by Madan Mohan, with lyrics by Kaifi Azmi, including the song "Meri Aawaz Suno Pyar ka Raaz Suno" (Hear my voice, hear the secret of love) sung by Mohammad Rafi. The song is picturized over the funeral procession of Prime Minister of India, Jawahar Lal Nehru. Title: Lal Pur District Passage: Lal Pur is a district in the east of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, bordering Pakistan. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was estimated at 34,516 in 2002, of whom 13,800 were children under 12. The district centre is the village of Lal Pur. Title: Varnakkazhchakal Passage: Varnakkazchchakal is a 2000 Indian Malayalam film, directed Sundar Das. The film stars Dileep, Poornima Mohan, Suman Ranganath and Jagathy Sreekumar in lead roles. The film had musical score by Mohan Sithara. Title: Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho! Passage: Naseeruddin Shah as Advocate Malkani Bhisham Sahni as Mohan Joshi Dina Pathak as Joshi's wife Deepti Naval Mohan Gokhale Rohini Hattangadi as Advocate Pankaj Kapur Amjad Khan as Kundan Kapadia, landlord Satish Shah as Advocate Salim Ghouse as Advocate Anjali Paigankar as Joshi's Son's girlfriend Title: List of chief ministers of Rajasthan Passage: From 1949, 13 people have been Chief Minister of Rajasthan. Mohan Lal Sukhadia was the longest serving Chief Minister of Rajasthan. After securing majority in 2013 assembly election, Vasundhara Raje of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the incumbent Chief Minister. Title: Bern Passage: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%. Title: Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy Passage: The graduate school at SESP consistently ranks among the top graduate schools of education nationally. The most recent ranking by U.S. News & World Report places SESP at 7th nationwide. Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. Title: Jharkhand Passage: Jharkhand State of India Seal Location of Jharkhand Map of Jharkhand Coordinates (Ranchi): 23 ° 21 ′ N 85 ° 20 ′ E / 23.35 ° N 85.33 ° E / 23.35; 85.33 Coordinates: 23 ° 21 ′ N 85 ° 20 ′ E / 23.35 ° N 85.33 ° E / 23.35; 85.33 Country India Region East India Formation 15 November 2000 Capital Ranchi Districts 24 Government Governor Draupadi Murmu Chief Minister Raghubar Das (BJP) Legislature Unicameral (81 seats) Parliamentary constituency 14 High Court Jharkhand High Court Area Total 79,714 km (30,778 sq mi) Area rank 16th Population (2011) Total 32,988,134 Rank 14th Density 414 / km (1,070 / sq mi) Time zone IST (UTC + 05: 30) ISO 3166 code IN - JH HDI 0.376 (low) HDI rank 19th (2007 - 08) Literacy 67.6% (25th) Official language Hindi Additional official language Urdu Website www.jharkhand.gov.in Formed by the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 Title: Dosti Passage: Dosti is the story of Ramnath or Ramu (Sushil Kumar) and Mohan (Sudhir Kumar). Ramu's father Mr. Gupta, a factory worker dies in an accident. When the factory refuses to pay compensation, his mother passes out in shock by falling from the stairs. Ramu is injured in an accident and he becomes crippled. Thrown out of his home, crippled and penniless, he roams around the streets of Mumbai. Here he comes across Mohan, a boy who is blind and has a similar tale of woe. Mohan comes from a village. His sister, Meena had migrated from the village to Mumbai to find work as a nurse so that she could pay for her brother's treatment. Mohan left the village after his caretaker died. Title: Piney Point Village, Texas Passage: Piney Point Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,125 at the 2010 census. Piney Point Village is the wealthiest place in Texas, as ranked by per capita income. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities in west Houston known as the Memorial Villages. Title: B. M. Shah Passage: Brij Mohan Shah (1933–1998), better known as B. M. Shah, was an Indian theatre director and playwright. Shah along with Mohan Upreti, are together credited for the revival of the theatre in the Uttarakhand. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1979. Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Title: AP Poll Passage: The Associated Press (AP Poll) provides weekly rankings of the top 25 NCAA teams in one of three Division I college sports: football, men's basketball and women's basketball. The rankings are compiled by polling 65 sportswriters and broadcasters from across the nation. Each voter provides his own ranking of the top 25 teams, and the individual rankings are then combined to produce the national ranking by giving a team 25 points for a first place vote, 24 for a second place vote, and so on down to 1 point for a twenty - fifth place vote. Ballots of the voting members in the AP Poll are made public. Title: Chathikkatha Chanthu Passage: Chathikkatha Chanthu (, ) is a 2004 Malayalam musical-comedy film written and directed by Rafi Mecartin, and produced by Lal. It stars a huge cast consisting of Jayasurya, Vineeth, Lal, Navya Nair, Bhavana, Madhu, Cochin Haneefa, Salim Kumar, Vinayakan, Siddique, and Janardhanan. The music is composed by Alex Paul.	[ "Lal Mohan Hansda", "Jharkhand" ]
2hop__514526_161698	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trenc's original book, \"The Night at the Museum\", is a picture story book for children about Hector, a night watchman at the Museum of Natural History in New York City, New York. On his first night at the job, he wakes up to find all of the dinosaur skeletons have vanished. He finds nothing looking around the museum, Central Park, and at the planetarium next door. Eventually Hector discovers that the dinosaurs come alive every night, and rather than keep the museum safe from the world outside, his job is to keep the world outside safe from the dinosaurs inside.", "title": "The Night at the Museum" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks ''is a Christmas carol describing the Annunciation to the Shepherds, with words attributed to Irish hymnist, lyricist and England's Poet Laureate Nahum Tate.", "title": "While shepherds watched their flocks" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Italian master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, finished around 1608. It housed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy.", "title": "Annunciation (Caravaggio)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamie White is an American radio personality and actress who is most notable for having hosted mornings on KYSR Star 98.7 in Los Angeles for nearly nine years. Initially hired by a Kansas City radio station, she took a string of broadcasting jobs that had led to her former job at KYSR.", "title": "Jamie White" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hotch begins the series married to his high school sweetheart Haley (Meredith Monroe). They have a son named Jack (Cade Owens), though they later separated over Hotch's dedication to his job. Meredith Monroe's character Haley was later killed in season five by serial killer George Foyet. Two years after Haley's death, he met triathlon runner Beth Clemmons, and had been in a relationship with her, until season ten when it is revealed he broke things off with her when she was offered a job in Hong Kong.", "title": "Aaron Hotchner" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French industrialist Pierre Bardou-Job became wealthy selling rolling paper and decided to have a château built for each of his three children, all designed by the Danish architect Viggo Dorph-Petersen. The Château d'Aubiry was for his son Justin and was built from 1893 to 1904. Pierre Bardou-Job himself never saw it, as he died suddenly in 1892 just before the start of the construction.", "title": "Château d'Aubiry" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "America's Toughest Jobs is a reality television show that lasted one season and aired on the American television network NBC. It pitted contestants against each other as they attempted a series of difficult and dangerous jobs. The prize was the sum of the salaries that would be earned by people doing these jobs in their first year.", "title": "America's Toughest Jobs" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Treia Cathedral, otherwise the Church of the Annunciation (, ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Treia, Macerata, Italy, dedicated to the Annunciation. It was formerly the seat of the bishop of Treia from the creation of the diocese of Treia in 1817 to its merging into the Diocese of San Severino in 1920, and following several other mergers is now a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Macerata-Tolentino-Recanati-Cingoli-Treia.", "title": "Treia Cathedral" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pupils of the school obtain secondary education, labor and vocational skills, which gives them the opportunity to continue their education in colleges or universities or find job in Ukraine once they have graduated from the Fontanka School.", "title": "Fontanka School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators.", "title": "YouTube" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (, US: , Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo meˈriːzi da (k)karaˈvaddʒo]; 28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610. His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture and death. He worked rapidly, with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His influence on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the \"Caravaggisti\" or \"Caravagesques\", as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi (\"shadowists\").", "title": "Caravaggio" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malchiostro Annunciation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Titian, completed around 1520, and housed in the Cathedral of Treviso, northern Italy.", "title": "Malchiostro Annunciation" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original iPhone was introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 in a keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo held in Moscone West in San Francisco, California. In his address, Jobs said, ``This is a day, that I have been looking forward to for two and a half years '', and that`` today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.'' Jobs introduced the iPhone as a combination of three devices: a ``widescreen iPod with touch controls ''; a`` revolutionary mobile phone''; and a ``breakthrough Internet communicator ''.", "title": "IPhone (1st generation)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy. Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while piracy has resulted in 46,000 fewer production-level jobs and almost 25,000 retail jobs. The U.S. government was also reported to suffer from music piracy, losing $422 million in tax revenue.", "title": "Copyright infringement" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well.", "title": "Wayback Machine" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Annunciation, with Saint Emidius is an altarpiece by Italian artist Carlo Crivelli showing an artistic adaptation of the Annunciation. The altarpiece was painted for the Church of SS. Annunziata in the Italian town of Ascoli Piceno, in the region of Marche, to celebrate the self-government granted to the town in 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. The painting was removed to the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan in 1811, but passed to Auguste-Louis de Sivry in 1820, and had reached England by the mid-19th century. It has been housed in the National Gallery in London since it was donated by Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton in 1864.", "title": "The Annunciation, with Saint Emidius" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coon cheese is named after its American creator, Edward William Coon (1871 -- 1934) of Philadelphia, who patented a method, subsequently known as the Cooning process, for fast maturation of cheese via high temperature and humidity. Former manufacturer Kraft, and later Dairy Farmers and National Foods, have vigorously defended the trademark.", "title": "Coon cheese" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from around 1434–1436. The panel is housed in the National Gallery of Art, in Washington D.C. It was originally on panel but has been transferred to canvas. It is thought that it was the left (inner) wing of a triptych; there has been no sighting of the other wings since before 1817. The annunciation is a highly complex work, whose iconography is still debated by art historians.", "title": "Annunciation (van Eyck, Washington)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ups and Downs of a Handyman is a 1976 British comedy film directed by John Sealey and starring Barry Stokes, Sue Lloyd and Bob Todd. Its alternative titles at various times have been \"Confessions of a Handyman\", \"Confessions of an Odd-Job Man\" and \"The Happy Housewives\".", "title": "The Ups and Downs of a Handyman" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as \"just as noble a conception of Deity\". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as \"a celebrated cleric\", and added the phrase \"by the Creator\" to the closing sentence, which from then on read \"life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one\". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to \"creation\".", "title": "On the Origin of Species" } ]	What job did Annunciation's creator have?	Italian painter	[]	Title: Malchiostro Annunciation Passage: Malchiostro Annunciation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Titian, completed around 1520, and housed in the Cathedral of Treviso, northern Italy. Title: IPhone (1st generation) Passage: The original iPhone was introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 in a keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo held in Moscone West in San Francisco, California. In his address, Jobs said, ``This is a day, that I have been looking forward to for two and a half years '', and that`` today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.'' Jobs introduced the iPhone as a combination of three devices: a ``widescreen iPod with touch controls ''; a`` revolutionary mobile phone''; and a ``breakthrough Internet communicator ''. Title: The Night at the Museum Passage: Trenc's original book, "The Night at the Museum", is a picture story book for children about Hector, a night watchman at the Museum of Natural History in New York City, New York. On his first night at the job, he wakes up to find all of the dinosaur skeletons have vanished. He finds nothing looking around the museum, Central Park, and at the planetarium next door. Eventually Hector discovers that the dinosaurs come alive every night, and rather than keep the museum safe from the world outside, his job is to keep the world outside safe from the dinosaurs inside. Title: America's Toughest Jobs Passage: America's Toughest Jobs is a reality television show that lasted one season and aired on the American television network NBC. It pitted contestants against each other as they attempted a series of difficult and dangerous jobs. The prize was the sum of the salaries that would be earned by people doing these jobs in their first year. Title: While shepherds watched their flocks Passage: ``While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks ''is a Christmas carol describing the Annunciation to the Shepherds, with words attributed to Irish hymnist, lyricist and England's Poet Laureate Nahum Tate. Title: Château d'Aubiry Passage: French industrialist Pierre Bardou-Job became wealthy selling rolling paper and decided to have a château built for each of his three children, all designed by the Danish architect Viggo Dorph-Petersen. The Château d'Aubiry was for his son Justin and was built from 1893 to 1904. Pierre Bardou-Job himself never saw it, as he died suddenly in 1892 just before the start of the construction. Title: Copyright infringement Passage: In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy. Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while piracy has resulted in 46,000 fewer production-level jobs and almost 25,000 retail jobs. The U.S. government was also reported to suffer from music piracy, losing $422 million in tax revenue. Title: Treia Cathedral Passage: Treia Cathedral, otherwise the Church of the Annunciation (, ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Treia, Macerata, Italy, dedicated to the Annunciation. It was formerly the seat of the bishop of Treia from the creation of the diocese of Treia in 1817 to its merging into the Diocese of San Severino in 1920, and following several other mergers is now a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Macerata-Tolentino-Recanati-Cingoli-Treia. Title: Annunciation (Caravaggio) Passage: The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Italian master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, finished around 1608. It housed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy. Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as "just as noble a conception of Deity". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation". Title: Caravaggio Passage: Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (, US: , Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo meˈriːzi da (k)karaˈvaddʒo]; 28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610. His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture and death. He worked rapidly, with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His influence on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the "Caravaggisti" or "Caravagesques", as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi ("shadowists"). Title: YouTube Passage: Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators. Title: Fontanka School Passage: The pupils of the school obtain secondary education, labor and vocational skills, which gives them the opportunity to continue their education in colleges or universities or find job in Ukraine once they have graduated from the Fontanka School. Title: Coon cheese Passage: Coon cheese is named after its American creator, Edward William Coon (1871 -- 1934) of Philadelphia, who patented a method, subsequently known as the Cooning process, for fast maturation of cheese via high temperature and humidity. Former manufacturer Kraft, and later Dairy Farmers and National Foods, have vigorously defended the trademark. Title: The Ups and Downs of a Handyman Passage: The Ups and Downs of a Handyman is a 1976 British comedy film directed by John Sealey and starring Barry Stokes, Sue Lloyd and Bob Todd. Its alternative titles at various times have been "Confessions of a Handyman", "Confessions of an Odd-Job Man" and "The Happy Housewives". Title: Jamie White Passage: Jamie White is an American radio personality and actress who is most notable for having hosted mornings on KYSR Star 98.7 in Los Angeles for nearly nine years. Initially hired by a Kansas City radio station, she took a string of broadcasting jobs that had led to her former job at KYSR. Title: Wayback Machine Passage: In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well. Title: Annunciation (van Eyck, Washington) Passage: The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from around 1434–1436. The panel is housed in the National Gallery of Art, in Washington D.C. It was originally on panel but has been transferred to canvas. It is thought that it was the left (inner) wing of a triptych; there has been no sighting of the other wings since before 1817. The annunciation is a highly complex work, whose iconography is still debated by art historians. Title: The Annunciation, with Saint Emidius Passage: The Annunciation, with Saint Emidius is an altarpiece by Italian artist Carlo Crivelli showing an artistic adaptation of the Annunciation. The altarpiece was painted for the Church of SS. Annunziata in the Italian town of Ascoli Piceno, in the region of Marche, to celebrate the self-government granted to the town in 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. The painting was removed to the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan in 1811, but passed to Auguste-Louis de Sivry in 1820, and had reached England by the mid-19th century. It has been housed in the National Gallery in London since it was donated by Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton in 1864. Title: Aaron Hotchner Passage: Hotch begins the series married to his high school sweetheart Haley (Meredith Monroe). They have a son named Jack (Cade Owens), though they later separated over Hotch's dedication to his job. Meredith Monroe's character Haley was later killed in season five by serial killer George Foyet. Two years after Haley's death, he met triathlon runner Beth Clemmons, and had been in a relationship with her, until season ten when it is revealed he broke things off with her when she was offered a job in Hong Kong.	[ "Annunciation (Caravaggio)", "Caravaggio" ]
2hop__215474_44191	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florida is tied for last place (with North Dakota) as having the fewest earthquakes of any US state. Because Florida is not located near any tectonic plate boundaries, earthquakes are very rare, but not totally unknown. In January, 1879, a shock occurred near St. Augustine. There were reports of heavy shaking that knocked plaster from walls and articles from shelves. Similar effects were noted at Daytona Beach 50 miles (80 km) south. The tremor was felt as far south as Tampa and as far north as Savannah, Georgia. In January 1880, Cuba was the center of two strong earthquakes that sent severe shock waves through the city of Key West, Florida. (See List of earthquakes in Cuba) Another earthquake centered outside Florida was the 1886 Charleston earthquake. The shock was felt throughout northern Florida, ringing church bells at St. Augustine and severely jolting other towns along that section of Florida's east coast. Jacksonville residents felt many of the strong aftershocks that occurred in September, October, and November 1886. As recently as 2006, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake centered about 260 miles (420 km) southwest of Tampa in the Gulf of Mexico sent shock waves through southwest and central Florida. The earthquake was too small to trigger a tsunami and no damage was reported.", "title": "Geography of Florida" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime. It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sister Maria Celeste (16 August 1600– 2 April 1634), born Virginia Galilei, was a nun. She was the daughter of the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei and Marina Gamba.", "title": "Maria Celeste" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Celeste Imperio is a famous Chinese restaurant in El Salvador. It was founded in 1994 and served as one of the pillars of modern Chinese food in this small Central American country. The most attractive characteristic of this Chinese restaurant is the Chinese style façade, which resembles those of ancient Chinese palaces. To date, this is the only Chinese style façade in El Salvador. Famous dishes from this restaurant are Chow Mein, Cantonese style rice, Chop Suey and fried wantan. The flavour and style of many of the dishes were modified to suit the taste buds of Salvadorans.", "title": "Celeste Imperio" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A great cataclysm ends the Thurian Age some time after the Kull stories. Several countries sink into the sea, others rise from it, and the rest is devastated by earthquakes and volcanoes. Civilization is destroyed and the survivors attempt to build a new culture but warfare and a Lesser Cataclysm strike, creating the Hyborian \"Vilayet Sea\" and destroying any last remnants of Thurian society.", "title": "Thurian Age" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1983 Biga earthquake hit northwestern Turkey on 5 July 1983. Responsible for five deaths and approximately twenty-six casualties throughout Biga and Erdek and damage in Istanbul, the earthquake measured 6.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale. It shook places as far away as eastern Greece. The United States Geological Survey listed the earthquake among the \"Significant Earthquakes of the World\" for 1983.", "title": "1983 Biga earthquake" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00: 58: 53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1 -- 9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000 -- 280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 metres (100 ft) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest - hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.", "title": "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Suburban Melody (Spanish:Melodía de arrabal) is a 1933 American Pre-Code musical film directed by Louis J. Gasnier and starring Imperio Argentina, Carlos Gardel and Vicente Padula.", "title": "Suburban Melody" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sos mi hombre () is an Argentine telenovela, which aired on El Trece in 2012-2013. It starred Luciano Castro and Celeste Cid.", "title": "Sos mi hombre" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: \"The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards.\" His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people. He pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China. According to reports from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, the earthquake tremors lasted for \"about two or three minutes\".", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A series of large tsunamis up to 30 metres (100 ft) high were created by the earthquake that became known collectively as the Boxing Day tsunamis. These tsunamis flooded communities along the coasts of the Indian Ocean and killed an estimated 227,898 people in 14 countries; the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh reported the largest number of victims. The earthquake was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history and the deadliest of the 21st century. Indonesia was the hardest - hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.", "title": "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. There is a reference to the afterlife on most pages of the Quran and belief in the afterlife is often referred to in conjunction with belief in God as in the common expression: \"Believe in God and the last day\". A number of suras such as 44, 56, 75, 78, 81 and 101 are directly related to the afterlife and its preparations. Some suras indicate the closeness of the event and warn people to be prepared for the imminent day. For instance, the first verses of Sura 22, which deal with the mighty earthquake and the situations of people on that day, represent this style of divine address: \"O People! Be respectful to your Lord. The earthquake of the Hour is a mighty thing.\"", "title": "Quran" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake \"prediction\" is possible.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2001 El Salvador earthquake 200102130000 2001 - 02 - 13 13 ° 40 ′ N 88 ° 56 ′ W / 13.67 ° N 88.93 ° W / 13.67; - 88.93 Cojutepeque 6.6 VI 10 km Intensity VI in San Salvador. 315", "title": "List of earthquakes in El Salvador" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iain Armitage as Ziggy Chapman, Jane's son Sarah Baker as Thea Cunningham Sarah Burns as Gabrielle P.J. Byrne as Principal Nippal Santiago Cabrera as Joseph Darby Camp as Chloe Mackenzie, Madeline's younger daughter Hong Chau as Jackie Kelen Coleman as Harper Stimson Cameron Crovetti as Josh Wright, Celeste's son Nicholas Crovetti as Max Wright, Celeste's son Merrin Dungey as Detective Adrienne Quinlan Ivy George as Amabella Klein, Renata's daughter Virginia Kull as Ms. Barnes Chloe Coleman as Skye Carlson, Bonnie's daughter Kathryn Newton as Abigail Carlson, Madeline's elder daughter Molly Hagan as Dr. Moriarty Larry Sullivan as Oren David Monahan as Bernard Kathreen Khavari as Samantha Joseph Cross as Tom, Madeline and Celeste's favorite cafe owner Robin Weigert as Dr. Amanda Reisman, Perry and Celeste's therapist Larry Bates as Stu", "title": "Big Little Lies (TV series)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Velvet Vampire, also known as Cemetery Girls, is a 1971 American vampire film directed by Stephanie Rothman and starring Celeste Yarnall, Michael Blodgett and Sherry Miles. It has become a cult film.", "title": "The Velvet Vampire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering. It covers all aspects of earthquake engineering. It was established in 2003 and the editor-in-chief is Atilla Ansal (Ozyegin University).", "title": "Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering" } ]	When was the last earthquake in the country where Celeste Imperio is located?	2001 - 02 - 13	[]	Title: Maria Celeste Passage: Sister Maria Celeste (16 August 1600– 2 April 1634), born Virginia Galilei, was a nun. She was the daughter of the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei and Marina Gamba. Title: 1983 Biga earthquake Passage: The 1983 Biga earthquake hit northwestern Turkey on 5 July 1983. Responsible for five deaths and approximately twenty-six casualties throughout Biga and Erdek and damage in Istanbul, the earthquake measured 6.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale. It shook places as far away as eastern Greece. The United States Geological Survey listed the earthquake among the "Significant Earthquakes of the World" for 1983. Title: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Passage: The Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering. It covers all aspects of earthquake engineering. It was established in 2003 and the editor-in-chief is Atilla Ansal (Ozyegin University). Title: 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Passage: The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00: 58: 53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1 -- 9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000 -- 280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 metres (100 ft) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest - hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: "The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards." His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people. He pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China. According to reports from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, the earthquake tremors lasted for "about two or three minutes". Title: New Delhi Passage: New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013. Title: Quran Passage: The doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. There is a reference to the afterlife on most pages of the Quran and belief in the afterlife is often referred to in conjunction with belief in God as in the common expression: "Believe in God and the last day". A number of suras such as 44, 56, 75, 78, 81 and 101 are directly related to the afterlife and its preparations. Some suras indicate the closeness of the event and warn people to be prepared for the imminent day. For instance, the first verses of Sura 22, which deal with the mighty earthquake and the situations of people on that day, represent this style of divine address: "O People! Be respectful to your Lord. The earthquake of the Hour is a mighty thing." Title: Big Little Lies (TV series) Passage: Iain Armitage as Ziggy Chapman, Jane's son Sarah Baker as Thea Cunningham Sarah Burns as Gabrielle P.J. Byrne as Principal Nippal Santiago Cabrera as Joseph Darby Camp as Chloe Mackenzie, Madeline's younger daughter Hong Chau as Jackie Kelen Coleman as Harper Stimson Cameron Crovetti as Josh Wright, Celeste's son Nicholas Crovetti as Max Wright, Celeste's son Merrin Dungey as Detective Adrienne Quinlan Ivy George as Amabella Klein, Renata's daughter Virginia Kull as Ms. Barnes Chloe Coleman as Skye Carlson, Bonnie's daughter Kathryn Newton as Abigail Carlson, Madeline's elder daughter Molly Hagan as Dr. Moriarty Larry Sullivan as Oren David Monahan as Bernard Kathreen Khavari as Samantha Joseph Cross as Tom, Madeline and Celeste's favorite cafe owner Robin Weigert as Dr. Amanda Reisman, Perry and Celeste's therapist Larry Bates as Stu Title: Thurian Age Passage: A great cataclysm ends the Thurian Age some time after the Kull stories. Several countries sink into the sea, others rise from it, and the rest is devastated by earthquakes and volcanoes. Civilization is destroyed and the survivors attempt to build a new culture but warfare and a Lesser Cataclysm strike, creating the Hyborian "Vilayet Sea" and destroying any last remnants of Thurian society. Title: List of earthquakes in El Salvador Passage: 2001 El Salvador earthquake 200102130000 2001 - 02 - 13 13 ° 40 ′ N 88 ° 56 ′ W / 13.67 ° N 88.93 ° W / 13.67; - 88.93 Cojutepeque 6.6 VI 10 km Intensity VI in San Salvador. 315 Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km. Title: Celeste Imperio Passage: Celeste Imperio is a famous Chinese restaurant in El Salvador. It was founded in 1994 and served as one of the pillars of modern Chinese food in this small Central American country. The most attractive characteristic of this Chinese restaurant is the Chinese style façade, which resembles those of ancient Chinese palaces. To date, this is the only Chinese style façade in El Salvador. Famous dishes from this restaurant are Chow Mein, Cantonese style rice, Chop Suey and fried wantan. The flavour and style of many of the dishes were modified to suit the taste buds of Salvadorans. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime. It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program. Title: Sos mi hombre Passage: Sos mi hombre () is an Argentine telenovela, which aired on El Trece in 2012-2013. It starred Luciano Castro and Celeste Cid. Title: Geography of Florida Passage: Florida is tied for last place (with North Dakota) as having the fewest earthquakes of any US state. Because Florida is not located near any tectonic plate boundaries, earthquakes are very rare, but not totally unknown. In January, 1879, a shock occurred near St. Augustine. There were reports of heavy shaking that knocked plaster from walls and articles from shelves. Similar effects were noted at Daytona Beach 50 miles (80 km) south. The tremor was felt as far south as Tampa and as far north as Savannah, Georgia. In January 1880, Cuba was the center of two strong earthquakes that sent severe shock waves through the city of Key West, Florida. (See List of earthquakes in Cuba) Another earthquake centered outside Florida was the 1886 Charleston earthquake. The shock was felt throughout northern Florida, ringing church bells at St. Augustine and severely jolting other towns along that section of Florida's east coast. Jacksonville residents felt many of the strong aftershocks that occurred in September, October, and November 1886. As recently as 2006, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake centered about 260 miles (420 km) southwest of Tampa in the Gulf of Mexico sent shock waves through southwest and central Florida. The earthquake was too small to trigger a tsunami and no damage was reported. Title: The Velvet Vampire Passage: The Velvet Vampire, also known as Cemetery Girls, is a 1971 American vampire film directed by Stephanie Rothman and starring Celeste Yarnall, Michael Blodgett and Sherry Miles. It has become a cult film. Title: 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Passage: A series of large tsunamis up to 30 metres (100 ft) high were created by the earthquake that became known collectively as the Boxing Day tsunamis. These tsunamis flooded communities along the coasts of the Indian Ocean and killed an estimated 227,898 people in 14 countries; the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh reported the largest number of victims. The earthquake was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history and the deadliest of the 21st century. Indonesia was the hardest - hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. Title: Suburban Melody Passage: Suburban Melody (Spanish:Melodía de arrabal) is a 1933 American Pre-Code musical film directed by Louis J. Gasnier and starring Imperio Argentina, Carlos Gardel and Vicente Padula.	[ "Celeste Imperio", "List of earthquakes in El Salvador" ]
2hop__123579_89953	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aneek Chatterjee graduated from Presidency College. He completed his MA from the same college and did M.Phil. at Calcutta University. He did Ph.D. at Jadavpur University on the topic \"India-U.S. Relations at the End of the Twentieth Century\".", "title": "Aneek Chatterjee" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mundelein College was the last private, independent, Roman Catholic women's college in Illinois. Located on the edge of the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods on the far north side of Chicago, Illinois, Mundelein College was founded and administered by the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1991, Mundelein College became an affiliated college of Loyola University Chicago. It has since become completely incorporated. Mundelein College was located just south of Loyola's Lake Shore Campus.", "title": "Mundelein College" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernard Tan Tiong Gie (born 1943 in Singapore) was educated at the Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore, the University of Singapore (Bachelor of Science with Honours in Physics, 1965) and Oxford University (Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science, 1968). He is a Chartered Engineer and Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), Fellow of the Institute of Physics (U.K), Fellow of the Institute of Physics, Singapore, and Fellow of Trinity College of Music, London.", "title": "Bernard Tan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cheema was born at Sialkot and was initially educated at Sialkot, later on he moved to Government College, Lahore where he completed his Master's in History. He also did Master's in Political Science from Punjab University, Certificate in Peace Research and International Relations from Oslo University (Norway), Diploma in International Relations from Vienna University (Austria), M. Litt. in Strategic Studies from Aberdeen University (U.K.) and Ph.D. from Quaid-i-Azam University (Pakistan).", "title": "Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College of Management, Mahidol University, also known as CMMU, is the business school of Mahidol University, located in Bangkok, Thailand. Established in 1997, CMMU offers master's and Ph.D. degree programmes in management studies.", "title": "College of Management, Mahidol University" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venkateshwara Institute of Technology (VIT) is an engineering college located on NH-58 Meerut-Delhi Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The college is affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow.", "title": "Venkateshwara Institute of Technology" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus.", "title": "Centre Daily Times" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presidency University, Kolkata, formerly Hindu College and Presidency College, is a public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal. The college was established in 1817 with the money donated by Rani Rashmoni, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Raja Radhakanta Deb, David Hare, Sir Edward Hyde East, Baidyanath Mukhopadhya and Rasamay Dutt.", "title": "Presidency University, Kolkata" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sunset Tan is an American reality television on E!, and debuted on May 28, 2007. The series chronicles the lives of the managers and employees of a tanning salon in Los Angeles called Sunset Tan. On April 3, 2008, E! renewed the series for a second and final season. Despite fair ratings, a third season was not renewed by E!.", "title": "Sunset Tan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FIU School of Architecture is the architecture school at Florida International University, located in Miami, Florida in the United States. It is one of the university's 26 schools and colleges and is a school within the College of Architecture and the Arts. The school was founded in the 1980s.", "title": "Florida International University School of Architecture" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College (KLMUC) is a university college located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was established in 1991. The College currently offers over 17 programmes in 3 distinctive faculties.", "title": "Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The daughter of Suzy Boyt and artist Lucian Freud, and great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud. Susie Boyt was educated at Channing and at Camden School for Girls and read English at St Catherine's College, Oxford, graduating in 1992. Working variously at a PR agency, and a literary agency, she completed her first novel, \"The Normal Man\", which was published in 1995 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. She returned to university to do a Masters in Anglo American Literary Relations at University College London studying the works of Henry James and the poet John Berryman.", "title": "Susie Boyt" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cossatot Community College of the University of Arkansas (CCCUA) is a public community college serving southwest Arkansas. Its main campus is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains in De Queen, Arkansas.", "title": "Cossatot Community College" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tan Suee Chieh’s directorships include International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation and Allnations Board. Tan Suee Chieh is also the Co-chairman of the Institute of Service Excellence@SMU, Vice Chairman of the Singapore Children’s Society Executive Committee, a member of the Board of Governors of the Asia Pacific Risk and Insurance Association, Advisory Board Member of the Centre for Strategic Leadership at National University of Singapore and Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics at Singapore Management University, and Trustee of the Singapore London School of Economics (LSE) Trust.", "title": "Tan Suee Chieh" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College of the Siskiyous (COS) is a public two-year community college with campuses located in Weed and Yreka in Siskiyou County in Northern California. It is part of the California Community Colleges System, serving as the northernmost college in the state of California and the only college in Siskiyou County. The college is in the service area of California State University, Chico and one of only eleven community colleges in California that provide on-campus housing for students.", "title": "College of the Siskiyous" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The College of Horticulture, is a constituent college of Kerala Agricultural University, situated in Thrissur of Kerala state in India. The College of Horticulture imparts agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels. The college has 20 departments and 7 centres undertaking the multiple activities of teaching, research and extension. The college is located in the picturesque central campus of Kerala Agricultural University in Vellanikkara, Thrissur. The college received the Sardar Patel Outstanding Institution Award in the year 2003 awarded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Dr. George Thomas , Professor is the current Associate Dean of the College", "title": "College of Horticulture" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sardar Patel College of Engineering (SPCE) is an government-aided autonomous engineering college located in Mumbai, India. It is affiliated to the University of Mumbai and offers undergraduate (Bachelor) and graduate (Master) degrees in engineering. It is one of the few Mumbai University affiliated colleges that have received Grade ’A’ rating from the Government of Maharashtra. The college is supported by government funds, and was granted autonomous status by the UGC in June 2010.", "title": "Sardar Patel College of Engineering" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "LSE is located in Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn. The area is historically known as Clare Market. The LSE has more than 10,000 students and 3,300 staff, just under half of whom come from outside the UK. It had a consolidated income of £340.7 million in 2015 / 16, of which £30.3 million was from research grants. One hundred and fifty five nationalities are represented amongst LSE's student body and the school has the highest percentage of international students (70%) of all British universities. Despite its name, the school is organised into 25 academic departments and institutes which conduct teaching and research across a range of legal studies and social sciences.", "title": "London School of Economics" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hunter College Elementary School is a New York City elementary school for intellectually gifted students, located on Manhattan's Upper East Side. It is administered by Hunter College, a senior college of the City University of New York or CUNY.", "title": "Hunter College Elementary School" } ]	Where is the college or university related to Tan Suee Chieh located?	Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn	[ "London" ]	Title: Florida International University School of Architecture Passage: The FIU School of Architecture is the architecture school at Florida International University, located in Miami, Florida in the United States. It is one of the university's 26 schools and colleges and is a school within the College of Architecture and the Arts. The school was founded in the 1980s. Title: Centre Daily Times Passage: The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus. Title: London School of Economics Passage: LSE is located in Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn. The area is historically known as Clare Market. The LSE has more than 10,000 students and 3,300 staff, just under half of whom come from outside the UK. It had a consolidated income of £340.7 million in 2015 / 16, of which £30.3 million was from research grants. One hundred and fifty five nationalities are represented amongst LSE's student body and the school has the highest percentage of international students (70%) of all British universities. Despite its name, the school is organised into 25 academic departments and institutes which conduct teaching and research across a range of legal studies and social sciences. Title: Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema Passage: Cheema was born at Sialkot and was initially educated at Sialkot, later on he moved to Government College, Lahore where he completed his Master's in History. He also did Master's in Political Science from Punjab University, Certificate in Peace Research and International Relations from Oslo University (Norway), Diploma in International Relations from Vienna University (Austria), M. Litt. in Strategic Studies from Aberdeen University (U.K.) and Ph.D. from Quaid-i-Azam University (Pakistan). Title: College of the Siskiyous Passage: College of the Siskiyous (COS) is a public two-year community college with campuses located in Weed and Yreka in Siskiyou County in Northern California. It is part of the California Community Colleges System, serving as the northernmost college in the state of California and the only college in Siskiyou County. The college is in the service area of California State University, Chico and one of only eleven community colleges in California that provide on-campus housing for students. Title: Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College Passage: Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College (KLMUC) is a university college located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was established in 1991. The College currently offers over 17 programmes in 3 distinctive faculties. Title: Sunset Tan Passage: Sunset Tan is an American reality television on E!, and debuted on May 28, 2007. The series chronicles the lives of the managers and employees of a tanning salon in Los Angeles called Sunset Tan. On April 3, 2008, E! renewed the series for a second and final season. Despite fair ratings, a third season was not renewed by E!. Title: College of Horticulture Passage: The College of Horticulture, is a constituent college of Kerala Agricultural University, situated in Thrissur of Kerala state in India. The College of Horticulture imparts agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels. The college has 20 departments and 7 centres undertaking the multiple activities of teaching, research and extension. The college is located in the picturesque central campus of Kerala Agricultural University in Vellanikkara, Thrissur. The college received the Sardar Patel Outstanding Institution Award in the year 2003 awarded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Dr. George Thomas , Professor is the current Associate Dean of the College Title: Aneek Chatterjee Passage: Aneek Chatterjee graduated from Presidency College. He completed his MA from the same college and did M.Phil. at Calcutta University. He did Ph.D. at Jadavpur University on the topic "India-U.S. Relations at the End of the Twentieth Century". Title: Venkateshwara Institute of Technology Passage: Venkateshwara Institute of Technology (VIT) is an engineering college located on NH-58 Meerut-Delhi Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The college is affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow. Title: Susie Boyt Passage: The daughter of Suzy Boyt and artist Lucian Freud, and great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud. Susie Boyt was educated at Channing and at Camden School for Girls and read English at St Catherine's College, Oxford, graduating in 1992. Working variously at a PR agency, and a literary agency, she completed her first novel, "The Normal Man", which was published in 1995 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. She returned to university to do a Masters in Anglo American Literary Relations at University College London studying the works of Henry James and the poet John Berryman. Title: Bernard Tan Passage: Bernard Tan Tiong Gie (born 1943 in Singapore) was educated at the Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore, the University of Singapore (Bachelor of Science with Honours in Physics, 1965) and Oxford University (Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science, 1968). He is a Chartered Engineer and Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), Fellow of the Institute of Physics (U.K), Fellow of the Institute of Physics, Singapore, and Fellow of Trinity College of Music, London. Title: Cossatot Community College Passage: Cossatot Community College of the University of Arkansas (CCCUA) is a public community college serving southwest Arkansas. Its main campus is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains in De Queen, Arkansas. Title: Tan Suee Chieh Passage: Tan Suee Chieh’s directorships include International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation and Allnations Board. Tan Suee Chieh is also the Co-chairman of the Institute of Service Excellence@SMU, Vice Chairman of the Singapore Children’s Society Executive Committee, a member of the Board of Governors of the Asia Pacific Risk and Insurance Association, Advisory Board Member of the Centre for Strategic Leadership at National University of Singapore and Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics at Singapore Management University, and Trustee of the Singapore London School of Economics (LSE) Trust. Title: Mundelein College Passage: Mundelein College was the last private, independent, Roman Catholic women's college in Illinois. Located on the edge of the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods on the far north side of Chicago, Illinois, Mundelein College was founded and administered by the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1991, Mundelein College became an affiliated college of Loyola University Chicago. It has since become completely incorporated. Mundelein College was located just south of Loyola's Lake Shore Campus. Title: Hunter College Elementary School Passage: Hunter College Elementary School is a New York City elementary school for intellectually gifted students, located on Manhattan's Upper East Side. It is administered by Hunter College, a senior college of the City University of New York or CUNY. Title: Presidency University, Kolkata Passage: Presidency University, Kolkata, formerly Hindu College and Presidency College, is a public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal. The college was established in 1817 with the money donated by Rani Rashmoni, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Raja Radhakanta Deb, David Hare, Sir Edward Hyde East, Baidyanath Mukhopadhya and Rasamay Dutt. Title: College of Management, Mahidol University Passage: College of Management, Mahidol University, also known as CMMU, is the business school of Mahidol University, located in Bangkok, Thailand. Established in 1997, CMMU offers master's and Ph.D. degree programmes in management studies. Title: Sardar Patel College of Engineering Passage: Sardar Patel College of Engineering (SPCE) is an government-aided autonomous engineering college located in Mumbai, India. It is affiliated to the University of Mumbai and offers undergraduate (Bachelor) and graduate (Master) degrees in engineering. It is one of the few Mumbai University affiliated colleges that have received Grade ’A’ rating from the Government of Maharashtra. The college is supported by government funds, and was granted autonomous status by the UGC in June 2010. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.	[ "Tan Suee Chieh", "London School of Economics" ]
3hop1__181780_544161_92922	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market.", "title": "Political corruption" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry E. Moore, of Concord, New Hampshire, was an American singing school master who is best known for organizing the first of many conventions of singing masters in the country. The first convention began with an ordinary class at the Boston Academy of Music, but became a convention in 1840.", "title": "Henry E. Moore" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdom in 1970, the People's Republic of China in 1983 (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in 1971), and the United States in 1988. This long delay in support for the Convention by the world's most powerful nations caused the Convention to languish for over four decades. Only in the 1990s did the international law on the crime of genocide begin to be enforced.", "title": "Genocide" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "'The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act' or 'Right to Education Act also known as RTE', is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17", "title": "Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States.", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. It was adopted in August 1949. While the first three conventions dealt with combatants, the Fourth Geneva Convention was the first to deal with humanitarian protections for civilians in a war zone. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this and the other three treaties.", "title": "Fourth Geneva Convention" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The treaty was signed in Adelaide on 25 July 2004 by Foreign Minister of Australia Alexander Downer and Foreign Minister of New Zealand Phil Goff. It formalised the ocean borders that had been de facto recognised by both countries since the early 1980s, when the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was created.", "title": "Australia–New Zealand Maritime Treaty" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.", "title": "European Convention on Human Rights" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interpret the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states.", "title": "Inter-American Court of Human Rights" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament. The U.S. adopted the Articles of Confederation, a declaration that established a national government with a one - house legislature. Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation, which met from 1781 to 1789. The Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787, in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Convention follows the civil law tradition, with a preamble, in which the principle that ``all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated ''of Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is cited, followed by 50 articles. Unlike many UN covenants and conventions, it is not formally divided into parts.", "title": "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Committee of Public Safety (French: Comité de salut public) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793 -- 94), a stage of the French Revolution. The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence (established in January 1793) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. As a wartime measure, the Committee -- composed at first of nine, and later of twelve, members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military, judicial, and legislative efforts. It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention. As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country, it became more and more powerful.", "title": "Committee of Public Safety" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kaindy (; ; sometimes written: \"Kayyngdy\") is a city in the Chuy Region of Kyrgyzstan. It became a city in 2012. Its population was 7,526 in 2009. It is the capital of Panfilov District, Kyrgyzstan. It features the railroad station closest to the Kazakhstan border on the north route of the Kyrgyz Railways and is the first town one enters when traveling to Kyrgyzstan by train.", "title": "Kaindy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17.", "title": "Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble II III IV V VI VII Amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII Unratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D.C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I -- VII Amendments I -- X Amendments XI -- XXVII Unratified Amendments United States portal U.S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia book", "title": "Constitution of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Philippines is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted by the United Nations (UN) in the 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, alongside the Genocide Convention and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, by the United Nations in response to the tragic and horrendous violations of human rights during the Second World War. The United Nations Charter, a treaty, was created in order to define what roles, powers, and duties the United Nations is allowed to practice in dealing with international relations. Article I of the UN Charter states that the UN aims:", "title": "Human rights in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states should be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950 and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights. The European Court of Justice recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states' constitution became ever more apparent. In 1999 the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights, which could form the constitutional basis for the European Union and as such tailored specifically to apply to the European Union and its institutions. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on Fundamental Rights produced by the European Parliament in 1989 and European Union Treaties.", "title": "European Union law" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries (also called \"state parties\") of Central and North Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia. The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe.", "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Convention on the Rights of the Child Parties to the convention Only signed, but not ratified Non-signatory Signed 20 November 1989 Location New York City Effective 2 September 1990 Condition 20 ratifications Signatories 140 Parties 196 (all eligible states except the United States) Depositary UN Secretary - General Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish UN Convention on the Rights of the Child at Wikisource", "title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child" } ]	When was the convention on the rights of the child of the organization having the country containing Kaindy as a member created?	20 November 1989	[]	Title: European Union law Passage: None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states should be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950 and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights. The European Court of Justice recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states' constitution became ever more apparent. In 1999 the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights, which could form the constitutional basis for the European Union and as such tailored specifically to apply to the European Union and its institutions. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on Fundamental Rights produced by the European Parliament in 1989 and European Union Treaties. Title: Political corruption Passage: Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market. Title: Henry E. Moore Passage: Henry E. Moore, of Concord, New Hampshire, was an American singing school master who is best known for organizing the first of many conventions of singing masters in the country. The first convention began with an ordinary class at the Boston Academy of Music, but became a convention in 1840. Title: Fourth Geneva Convention Passage: The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. It was adopted in August 1949. While the first three conventions dealt with combatants, the Fourth Geneva Convention was the first to deal with humanitarian protections for civilians in a war zone. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this and the other three treaties. Title: Genocide Passage: The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdom in 1970, the People's Republic of China in 1983 (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in 1971), and the United States in 1988. This long delay in support for the Convention by the world's most powerful nations caused the Convention to languish for over four decades. Only in the 1990s did the international law on the crime of genocide begin to be enforced. Title: Inter-American Court of Human Rights Passage: The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interpret the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states. Title: Constitutional Convention (United States) Passage: The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States. Title: Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 Passage: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17. Title: Human rights in the Philippines Passage: The Philippines is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted by the United Nations (UN) in the 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, alongside the Genocide Convention and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, by the United Nations in response to the tragic and horrendous violations of human rights during the Second World War. The United Nations Charter, a treaty, was created in order to define what roles, powers, and duties the United Nations is allowed to practice in dealing with international relations. Article I of the UN Charter states that the UN aims: Title: Convention on the Rights of the Child Passage: Convention on the Rights of the Child Parties to the convention Only signed, but not ratified Non-signatory Signed 20 November 1989 Location New York City Effective 2 September 1990 Condition 20 ratifications Signatories 140 Parties 196 (all eligible states except the United States) Depositary UN Secretary - General Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish UN Convention on the Rights of the Child at Wikisource Title: Committee of Public Safety Passage: The Committee of Public Safety (French: Comité de salut public) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793 -- 94), a stage of the French Revolution. The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence (established in January 1793) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. As a wartime measure, the Committee -- composed at first of nine, and later of twelve, members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military, judicial, and legislative efforts. It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention. As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country, it became more and more powerful. Title: Constitution of the United States Passage: This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble II III IV V VI VII Amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII Unratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D.C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I -- VII Amendments I -- X Amendments XI -- XXVII Unratified Amendments United States portal U.S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia book Title: European Convention on Human Rights Passage: The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity. Title: Switzerland Passage: A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations. Title: Kaindy Passage: Kaindy (; ; sometimes written: "Kayyngdy") is a city in the Chuy Region of Kyrgyzstan. It became a city in 2012. Its population was 7,526 in 2009. It is the capital of Panfilov District, Kyrgyzstan. It features the railroad station closest to the Kazakhstan border on the north route of the Kyrgyz Railways and is the first town one enters when traveling to Kyrgyzstan by train. Title: Founding Fathers of the United States Passage: The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament. The U.S. adopted the Articles of Confederation, a declaration that established a national government with a one - house legislature. Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation, which met from 1781 to 1789. The Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787, in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress. Title: List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia Passage: The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries (also called "state parties") of Central and North Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia. The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe. Title: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Passage: The Convention follows the civil law tradition, with a preamble, in which the principle that ``all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated ''of Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is cited, followed by 50 articles. Unlike many UN covenants and conventions, it is not formally divided into parts. Title: Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 Passage: 'The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act' or 'Right to Education Act also known as RTE', is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17 Title: Australia–New Zealand Maritime Treaty Passage: The treaty was signed in Adelaide on 25 July 2004 by Foreign Minister of Australia Alexander Downer and Foreign Minister of New Zealand Phil Goff. It formalised the ocean borders that had been de facto recognised by both countries since the early 1980s, when the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was created.	[ "Kaindy", "List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia", "Convention on the Rights of the Child" ]
2hop__650508_158398	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 10 Mobile Fall Creators Update, or Windows 10 version 1709. Despite sharing a name and version number with the ``Redstone 3 ''- release for desktop is the Windows 10 Mobile build part of the`` Redstone 2'' branch, is the third major update to Windows 10 Mobile and the third in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. The first preview was released to Insiders on April 14, 2017. The Fall Creators Update (Version 1709, 10.0. 15254) was officially released on October 24, 2017.", "title": "Windows 10 version history" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Version Build Release date Darwin Notes Standalone download 10.12 16A323 September 20, 2016 16.0. 0 Original Mac App Store release N / A 10.12. 1 16B2555 October 24, 2016 16.1. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 1 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 1 Update 16B2657 October 27, 2016 10.12. 2 16C67 December 13, 2016 16.3. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 2 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 2 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 2 Combo Update 16C68 December 14, 2016 10.12. 3 16D32 January 23, 2017 16.4. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 3 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 3 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 3 Combo Update 10.12. 4 16E195 March 27, 2017 16.5. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 4 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 4 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 4 Combo Update 10.12. 5 16F73 May 15, 2017 16.6. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 5 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 5 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 5 Combo Update 16F2073 June 5, 2017 10.12. 6 16G29 July 19, 2017 16.7. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 6 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 6 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 6 Combo Update 16G1036 October 31, 2017 About the security content of Security Update 2017 - 001 Sierra Security Update 2017 - 001 Sierra 16G1114 December 6, 2017 About the security content of Security Update 2017 - 002 Sierra Security Update 2017 - 002 Sierra 16G1212 January 23, 2018 About the security content of Security Update 2018 - 001 Sierra Security Update 2018 - 001 Sierra 16G1314 March 29, 2018 About the security content of Security Update 2018 - 002 Sierra Security Update 2018 - 002 Sierra", "title": "MacOS Sierra" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"O-Parts Hunter\" manga series, known as \"666 Satan\" in Japan, features a cast of characters created by Seishi Kishimoto. Set in the near future, it tells the story of a teenage girl named Ruby Crescent who wants to become a treasure hunter, following in the footsteps of her father. Her objective is to find O-Parts, ancient relics that can only be used by O.P.T.s (O-Part Tacticians), people who are able to release their Spirit and focus it into an O-Part to activate a special Effect, usually of a fantastic nature. She meets a mysterious boy named Jio Freed who, due to having a dark, lonely past, seeks to conquer the world. Jio is hostile to her at first but ends up traveling with Ruby as her bodyguard.", "title": "List of O-Parts Hunter characters" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "An SQL UPDATE statement changes the data of one or more records in a table. Either all the rows can be updated, or a subset may be chosen using a condition.", "title": "Update (SQL)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fourth major update, titled No Man's Sky Next, was released for Windows and PlayStation 4 on 24 July 2018; this also coincided with No Man's Sky's release on Xbox One which included all updates including Next. Additionally, the Next update will include support for Tencent's WeGame distribution platform in China, which Hello Games says hosts a significant number of No Man's Sky players.", "title": "No Man's Sky" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fourth major update, titled ``Next '', will be released for all platforms on 24 July 2018, alongside the game's release for the Xbox One, which will include all four updates. The update will have a`` full multiplayer experience'' which includes exploration, base building, and ground and space travel and combat. Additionally, the Next update will include support for Tencent's WeGame distribution platform in China, which Hello Games says hosts a significant number of No Man's Sky players.", "title": "No Man's Sky" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization first proposed a definition for AIDS in 1986. Since then, the WHO classification has been updated and expanded several times, with the most recent version being published in 2007. The WHO system uses the following categories:", "title": "HIV/AIDS" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update or Windows 10 version 1703, codenamed ``Redstone 2 '', is the third major update to Windows 10 and the second in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. The first preview was released to Insiders on August 11, 2016.", "title": "Windows 10 version history" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2000[update], there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Let Our Violins Be Heard\" was re-released to the national market on July 22, 2006 by Tragic Hero Records. The release featured updated artwork, including the new Scapegoat logo design and updated photo artwork.", "title": "Let Our Violins Be Heard" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another course for those who are willing to expand or update their understanding of immunology. It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology. Most schools require students to take electives in other to complete their degrees. A Master’s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree. For a doctoral programme it is required to take two additional years of study.", "title": "Immunology" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The game was fully released out of early access on February 28, 2018. The launch included updates to scoring, combat, weapons, gameplay, UI a new gamemode, Auto Royale. The update also officially launched Season 1, introducing a new updated scoring system that rewards players who get kills and place well in matches consistently. A week after release, it was announced that the game would be going back to free - to - play. It was released for the PlayStation 4 on May 22, 2018, gaining over 1.5 million players within a few days.", "title": "Z1 Battle Royale" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 27, 2014, the team changed its geographic name from ``Phoenix ''to`` Arizona'', and modified its secondary logo. On June 26, 2015, the team introduced updated jerseys for the 2015 -- 16 NHL season.", "title": "Arizona Coyotes" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MySQL ( \"My S-Q-L\") is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of \"My\", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and \"SQL\", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language.", "title": "MySQL" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rural Municipality of Cartier is part of the Central Plains Region in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is named after Sir George-Étienne Cartier who was a leader in bringing Quebec into Confederation.", "title": "Rural Municipality of Cartier" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 'OtherOS' functionality was not present in the updated PS Slim models, and the feature was subsequently removed from previous versions of the PS3 as part of the machine's firmware update version 3.21 which was released on April 1, 2010; Sony cited security concerns as the rationale. The firmware update 3.21 was mandatory for access to the PlayStation Network. The removal caused some controversy; as the update removed officially advertised features from already sold products, and gave rise to several class action lawsuits aimed at making Sony return the feature or provide compensation.", "title": "PlayStation 3" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In season seven, Callen admits that he and Joelle are not suited and rowing a lot. They break up off screen but still spend Christmas together to avoid being lonely. In ``Matryoshka, Part 2 '', Callen meets his father in Russia who reveals that his birth name is Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev but had to leave before he could find out any more information. Callen has since updated his personnel records and credentials with his full name.", "title": "G. Callen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car.", "title": "Bern" } ]	Who is the programming language that includes the UPDATE statement partially named after?	Michael Widenius's daughter	[ "Michael Widenius" ]	Title: Update (SQL) Passage: An SQL UPDATE statement changes the data of one or more records in a table. Either all the rows can be updated, or a subset may be chosen using a condition. Title: MacOS Sierra Passage: Version Build Release date Darwin Notes Standalone download 10.12 16A323 September 20, 2016 16.0. 0 Original Mac App Store release N / A 10.12. 1 16B2555 October 24, 2016 16.1. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 1 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 1 Update 16B2657 October 27, 2016 10.12. 2 16C67 December 13, 2016 16.3. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 2 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 2 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 2 Combo Update 16C68 December 14, 2016 10.12. 3 16D32 January 23, 2017 16.4. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 3 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 3 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 3 Combo Update 10.12. 4 16E195 March 27, 2017 16.5. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 4 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 4 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 4 Combo Update 10.12. 5 16F73 May 15, 2017 16.6. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 5 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 5 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 5 Combo Update 16F2073 June 5, 2017 10.12. 6 16G29 July 19, 2017 16.7. 0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12. 6 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 6 Update macOS Sierra 10.12. 6 Combo Update 16G1036 October 31, 2017 About the security content of Security Update 2017 - 001 Sierra Security Update 2017 - 001 Sierra 16G1114 December 6, 2017 About the security content of Security Update 2017 - 002 Sierra Security Update 2017 - 002 Sierra 16G1212 January 23, 2018 About the security content of Security Update 2018 - 001 Sierra Security Update 2018 - 001 Sierra 16G1314 March 29, 2018 About the security content of Security Update 2018 - 002 Sierra Security Update 2018 - 002 Sierra Title: Windows 10 version history Passage: Windows 10 Mobile Fall Creators Update, or Windows 10 version 1709. Despite sharing a name and version number with the ``Redstone 3 ''- release for desktop is the Windows 10 Mobile build part of the`` Redstone 2'' branch, is the third major update to Windows 10 Mobile and the third in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. The first preview was released to Insiders on April 14, 2017. The Fall Creators Update (Version 1709, 10.0. 15254) was officially released on October 24, 2017. Title: Z1 Battle Royale Passage: The game was fully released out of early access on February 28, 2018. The launch included updates to scoring, combat, weapons, gameplay, UI a new gamemode, Auto Royale. The update also officially launched Season 1, introducing a new updated scoring system that rewards players who get kills and place well in matches consistently. A week after release, it was announced that the game would be going back to free - to - play. It was released for the PlayStation 4 on May 22, 2018, gaining over 1.5 million players within a few days. Title: List of O-Parts Hunter characters Passage: The "O-Parts Hunter" manga series, known as "666 Satan" in Japan, features a cast of characters created by Seishi Kishimoto. Set in the near future, it tells the story of a teenage girl named Ruby Crescent who wants to become a treasure hunter, following in the footsteps of her father. Her objective is to find O-Parts, ancient relics that can only be used by O.P.T.s (O-Part Tacticians), people who are able to release their Spirit and focus it into an O-Part to activate a special Effect, usually of a fantastic nature. She meets a mysterious boy named Jio Freed who, due to having a dark, lonely past, seeks to conquer the world. Jio is hostile to her at first but ends up traveling with Ruby as her bodyguard. Title: Rural Municipality of Cartier Passage: Rural Municipality of Cartier is part of the Central Plains Region in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is named after Sir George-Étienne Cartier who was a leader in bringing Quebec into Confederation. Title: Bern Passage: As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced. Title: Windows 10 version history Passage: Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update or Windows 10 version 1703, codenamed ``Redstone 2 '', is the third major update to Windows 10 and the second in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. The first preview was released to Insiders on August 11, 2016. Title: MySQL Passage: MySQL ( "My S-Q-L") is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. Title: No Man's Sky Passage: The fourth major update, titled ``Next '', will be released for all platforms on 24 July 2018, alongside the game's release for the Xbox One, which will include all four updates. The update will have a`` full multiplayer experience'' which includes exploration, base building, and ground and space travel and combat. Additionally, the Next update will include support for Tencent's WeGame distribution platform in China, which Hello Games says hosts a significant number of No Man's Sky players. Title: Bern Passage: As of 2000[update], there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Title: Immunology Passage: In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another course for those who are willing to expand or update their understanding of immunology. It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology. Most schools require students to take electives in other to complete their degrees. A Master’s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree. For a doctoral programme it is required to take two additional years of study. Title: HIV/AIDS Passage: The World Health Organization first proposed a definition for AIDS in 1986. Since then, the WHO classification has been updated and expanded several times, with the most recent version being published in 2007. The WHO system uses the following categories: Title: Bern Passage: In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car. Title: G. Callen Passage: In season seven, Callen admits that he and Joelle are not suited and rowing a lot. They break up off screen but still spend Christmas together to avoid being lonely. In ``Matryoshka, Part 2 '', Callen meets his father in Russia who reveals that his birth name is Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev but had to leave before he could find out any more information. Callen has since updated his personnel records and credentials with his full name. Title: Bern Passage: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. Title: No Man's Sky Passage: The fourth major update, titled No Man's Sky Next, was released for Windows and PlayStation 4 on 24 July 2018; this also coincided with No Man's Sky's release on Xbox One which included all updates including Next. Additionally, the Next update will include support for Tencent's WeGame distribution platform in China, which Hello Games says hosts a significant number of No Man's Sky players. Title: Arizona Coyotes Passage: On June 27, 2014, the team changed its geographic name from ``Phoenix ''to`` Arizona'', and modified its secondary logo. On June 26, 2015, the team introduced updated jerseys for the 2015 -- 16 NHL season. Title: Let Our Violins Be Heard Passage: "Let Our Violins Be Heard" was re-released to the national market on July 22, 2006 by Tragic Hero Records. The release featured updated artwork, including the new Scapegoat logo design and updated photo artwork. Title: PlayStation 3 Passage: The 'OtherOS' functionality was not present in the updated PS Slim models, and the feature was subsequently removed from previous versions of the PS3 as part of the machine's firmware update version 3.21 which was released on April 1, 2010; Sony cited security concerns as the rationale. The firmware update 3.21 was mandatory for access to the PlayStation Network. The removal caused some controversy; as the update removed officially advertised features from already sold products, and gave rise to several class action lawsuits aimed at making Sony return the feature or provide compensation.	[ "Update (SQL)", "MySQL" ]
3hop2__31519_46089_86234	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Long Way Down is a television series, book and DVD documenting a motorcycle journey undertaken in 2007 by Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman, from John o' Groats in Scotland through eighteen countries in Europe and Africa to Cape Town in South Africa. It is a follow-up to the \"Long Way Round\" of 2004, when the pair rode east from London to New York via Eurasia and North America.", "title": "Long Way Down" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador Americas 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Western Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Western Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria Western Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela Americas 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,588,065,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73%", "title": "OPEC" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Final Third place match Winner Score Runner - up 3rd place Score 4th place 2008 Wales New Zealand 38 -- 3 England South Africa 43 -- 18 Wales 2009 Japan New Zealand 44 -- 28 England South Africa 32 -- 5 Australia Argentina New Zealand 62 -- 17 Australia South Africa 27 -- 22 England 2011 Italy New Zealand 33 -- 22 England Australia 30 -- 17 France 2012 South Africa South Africa 22 -- 16 New Zealand Wales 25 -- 17 Argentina 2013 France England 23 -- 15 Wales South Africa 41 -- 34 New Zealand 2014 New Zealand England 21 -- 20 South Africa New Zealand 45 -- 23 Ireland 2015 Italy New Zealand 21 -- 16 England South Africa 31 -- 18 France 2016 England England 45 -- 21 Ireland Argentina 49 -- 19 South Africa 2017 Georgia New Zealand 64 -- 17 England South Africa 37 -- 15 France 2018 France France 33 -- 25 England South Africa 40 -- 30 New Zealand 2019 Argentina", "title": "World Rugby Under 20 Championship" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Historically the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents during the age of sail. For example, from the main trading nations of Western Europe it was much easier to sail westwards after first going south of 30 N latitude and reaching the so - called ``trade winds ''; thus arriving in the Caribbean rather than going straight west to the North American mainland. Returning from North America, it is easiest to follow the Gulf Stream in a northeasterly direction using the westerlies. A similar triangle to this, called the volta do mar was already being used by the Portuguese, before Christopher Columbus' voyage, to sail to the Canary Islands and the Azores. Columbus simply expanded the triangle outwards, and his route became the main way for Europeans to reach, and return from, the Americas.", "title": "Triangular trade" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD 2038 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The house sparrow originated in the Middle East and spread, along with agriculture, to most of Eurasia and parts of North Africa. Since the mid-19th century, it has reached most of the world, chiefly due to deliberate introductions, but also through natural and shipborne dispersal. Its introduced range encompasses most of North America, Central America, southern South America, southern Africa, part of West Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and islands throughout the world. It has greatly extended its range in northern Eurasia since the 1850s, and continues to do so, as was shown by the colonisations around 1990 of Iceland and Rishiri Island, Japan. The extent of its range makes it the most widely distributed wild bird on the planet.", "title": "House sparrow" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, creating the Himalayan orogeny.", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lechwe are found in marshy areas where they eat aquatic plants. They use the knee-deep water as protection from predators. Their legs are covered in a water-repellant substance which allows them to run quite fast in knee-deep water. Lechwe are diurnal. They gather in herds which can include many thousands of individuals. Herds are usually all of one sex, but during mating season they mix.", "title": "Lechwe" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Show Me the Way to Go Home ''is a popular song written in 1925 by the pseudonymous`` Irving King'' (the English songwriting team James Campbell and Reginald Connelly). The song is said to have been written on a train journey from London by Campbell and Connelly. They were tired from the traveling and had a few alcoholic drinks during the journey, hence the lyrics. The song is in common use in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and North America.", "title": "Show Me the Way to Go Home" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book starts with Arn coming home to the abbey in which he grew up and reuniting with his kinsmen. Arn, now an experienced knight, has great plans for Sweden. To build a superior and centralized fighting force to create a stable peace within the three countries that will one day be known as Sweden. He is also forced to repel two invasions by the Danish-supported pretender to the throne, Sverker Karlsson.", "title": "The Kingdom at the End of the Road" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. Ferdinand had succeeded in driving the French from Hanover and Westphalia and re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces, which caused alarm in France. Despite Ferdinand's victory over the French at the Battle of Krefeld and the brief occupation of Düsseldorf, he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador South America 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Central Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Central Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria West Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela South America 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,618,511,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73%", "title": "OPEC" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Legends of Monkey is a television series inspired by Monkey, a Japanese production from the 1970s and 80s which garnered a cult following in New Zealand, Australia, England and South Africa. The Japanese production was based on the 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West. The show is a co-production between ABC Me, TVNZ, and Netflix, and consists of ten episodes. The New Legends of Monkey premiered on 28 January 2018.", "title": "The New Legends of Monkey" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story, illustrated by the author, is set in England during the Middle Ages, as the Black Death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. Young Robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. A doctor reassures Robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. His parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. Robin is saved by Brother Luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him.", "title": "The Door in the Wall (novel)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint - Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint - Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations.", "title": "French West Indies" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naela Chohan has served as High Commissioner of Pakistan to Australia, where she laid emphasis on bolstering bilateral ties, therein prioritizing the enhancement of security, agricultural, educational and economic relations. She has previously served as Pakistan's Secretary for the Middle East and Africa, prior to which she was the Ambassador of Pakistan to Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Ecuador, where she has been a vocal proponent of stronger ties between Pakistan and Latin America. She is an alumnus of Quaid-e-Azam University and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.", "title": "Naela Chohan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, or avoiding obstacles, four or more feet may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs.", "title": "Insect" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cancelled due to World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil West Germany Europe West Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe West Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 TBD 2030 TBD 2034 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" } ]	When did the people repelled from Hanover by Ferdinand come to the region being the middle leg of the journey from England to Africa to the Americas?	1625	[]	Title: World Rugby Under 20 Championship Passage: Year Host Final Third place match Winner Score Runner - up 3rd place Score 4th place 2008 Wales New Zealand 38 -- 3 England South Africa 43 -- 18 Wales 2009 Japan New Zealand 44 -- 28 England South Africa 32 -- 5 Australia Argentina New Zealand 62 -- 17 Australia South Africa 27 -- 22 England 2011 Italy New Zealand 33 -- 22 England Australia 30 -- 17 France 2012 South Africa South Africa 22 -- 16 New Zealand Wales 25 -- 17 Argentina 2013 France England 23 -- 15 Wales South Africa 41 -- 34 New Zealand 2014 New Zealand England 21 -- 20 South Africa New Zealand 45 -- 23 Ireland 2015 Italy New Zealand 21 -- 16 England South Africa 31 -- 18 France 2016 England England 45 -- 21 Ireland Argentina 49 -- 19 South Africa 2017 Georgia New Zealand 64 -- 17 England South Africa 37 -- 15 France 2018 France France 33 -- 25 England South Africa 40 -- 30 New Zealand 2019 Argentina Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD 2038 TBD Title: Near East Passage: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic. Title: Triangular trade Passage: Historically the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents during the age of sail. For example, from the main trading nations of Western Europe it was much easier to sail westwards after first going south of 30 N latitude and reaching the so - called ``trade winds ''; thus arriving in the Caribbean rather than going straight west to the North American mainland. Returning from North America, it is easiest to follow the Gulf Stream in a northeasterly direction using the westerlies. A similar triangle to this, called the volta do mar was already being used by the Portuguese, before Christopher Columbus' voyage, to sail to the Canary Islands and the Azores. Columbus simply expanded the triangle outwards, and his route became the main way for Europeans to reach, and return from, the Americas. Title: The Kingdom at the End of the Road Passage: The book starts with Arn coming home to the abbey in which he grew up and reuniting with his kinsmen. Arn, now an experienced knight, has great plans for Sweden. To build a superior and centralized fighting force to create a stable peace within the three countries that will one day be known as Sweden. He is also forced to repel two invasions by the Danish-supported pretender to the throne, Sverker Karlsson. Title: OPEC Passage: Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador Americas 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Western Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Western Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria Western Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela Americas 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,588,065,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73% Title: House sparrow Passage: The house sparrow originated in the Middle East and spread, along with agriculture, to most of Eurasia and parts of North Africa. Since the mid-19th century, it has reached most of the world, chiefly due to deliberate introductions, but also through natural and shipborne dispersal. Its introduced range encompasses most of North America, Central America, southern South America, southern Africa, part of West Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and islands throughout the world. It has greatly extended its range in northern Eurasia since the 1850s, and continues to do so, as was shown by the colonisations around 1990 of Iceland and Rishiri Island, Japan. The extent of its range makes it the most widely distributed wild bird on the planet. Title: Northern Seven Years' War Passage: In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. Ferdinand had succeeded in driving the French from Hanover and Westphalia and re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces, which caused alarm in France. Despite Ferdinand's victory over the French at the Battle of Krefeld and the brief occupation of Düsseldorf, he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine. Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cancelled due to World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil West Germany Europe West Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe West Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 TBD 2030 TBD 2034 TBD Title: Naela Chohan Passage: Naela Chohan has served as High Commissioner of Pakistan to Australia, where she laid emphasis on bolstering bilateral ties, therein prioritizing the enhancement of security, agricultural, educational and economic relations. She has previously served as Pakistan's Secretary for the Middle East and Africa, prior to which she was the Ambassador of Pakistan to Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Ecuador, where she has been a vocal proponent of stronger ties between Pakistan and Latin America. She is an alumnus of Quaid-e-Azam University and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Title: Insect Passage: Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, or avoiding obstacles, four or more feet may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs. Title: OPEC Passage: Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador South America 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Central Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Central Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria West Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela South America 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,618,511,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73% Title: Long Way Down Passage: Long Way Down is a television series, book and DVD documenting a motorcycle journey undertaken in 2007 by Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman, from John o' Groats in Scotland through eighteen countries in Europe and Africa to Cape Town in South Africa. It is a follow-up to the "Long Way Round" of 2004, when the pair rode east from London to New York via Eurasia and North America. Title: French West Indies Passage: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint - Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint - Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations. Title: The Door in the Wall (novel) Passage: The story, illustrated by the author, is set in England during the Middle Ages, as the Black Death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. Young Robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. A doctor reassures Robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. His parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. Robin is saved by Brother Luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him. Title: Lechwe Passage: Lechwe are found in marshy areas where they eat aquatic plants. They use the knee-deep water as protection from predators. Their legs are covered in a water-repellant substance which allows them to run quite fast in knee-deep water. Lechwe are diurnal. They gather in herds which can include many thousands of individuals. Herds are usually all of one sex, but during mating season they mix. Title: Show Me the Way to Go Home Passage: ``Show Me the Way to Go Home ''is a popular song written in 1925 by the pseudonymous`` Irving King'' (the English songwriting team James Campbell and Reginald Connelly). The song is said to have been written on a train journey from London by Campbell and Connelly. They were tired from the traveling and had a few alcoholic drinks during the journey, hence the lyrics. The song is in common use in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and North America. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, creating the Himalayan orogeny. Title: The New Legends of Monkey Passage: The New Legends of Monkey is a television series inspired by Monkey, a Japanese production from the 1970s and 80s which garnered a cult following in New Zealand, Australia, England and South Africa. The Japanese production was based on the 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West. The show is a co-production between ABC Me, TVNZ, and Netflix, and consists of ten episodes. The New Legends of Monkey premiered on 28 January 2018.	[ "Triangular trade", "Northern Seven Years' War", "French West Indies" ]
2hop__27714_27668	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Citadel of Besançon () is a 17th-century fortress in Franche-Comté, France. It is one of the finest masterpieces of military architecture designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban. The Citadel occupies on Mount Saint-Etienne, one of the seven hills that protect Besançon, the capital of Franche-Comté. Mount Saint-Etienne occupies the neck of an oxbow formed by the river Doubs, giving the site a strategic importance that Julius Caesar recognised as early as 58 BC. The Citadel overlooks the old quarter of the city, which is located within the oxbow, and has views of the city and its surroundings.", "title": "Citadel of Besançon" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stubel Hill (, ‘Stubelski Halm’ \\'stu-bel-ski 'h&lm\\) is the ice-covered hill rising to 485 m and forming the north extremity of Marescot Ridge on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is overlooking Bransfield Strait to the north.", "title": "Stubel Hill" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christ of the Ohio is a statue of Jesus Christ in Troy, Indiana in the United States. It is located on Fulton Hill, which overlooks the Ohio River.", "title": "Christ of the Ohio" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary, but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Mount Baker, and Crown Hill neighborhoods are technically located on hills as well. Many of the hilliest areas are near the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constituting something of a ridge along an isthmus between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many regrading projects that reshaped the topography of the city center. The topography of the city center was also changed by the construction of a seawall and the artificial Harbor Island (completed 1909) at the mouth of the city's industrial Duwamish Waterway, the terminus of the Green River. The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle, which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St. Other notable hills include Crown Hill, View Ridge/Wedgwood/Bryant, Maple Leaf, Phinney Ridge, Mt. Baker Ridge and Highlands/Carkeek/Bitterlake.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monarch sold Avalon Hill to Hasbro Games on August 4, 1998 for $6 million. Hasbro, largely seeking a computer gaming software company and known games to convert to interactive computer games per an Arcadia Investment Corp. investment analyst, purchased the rights to the Avalon Hill trademarks, copyrights, inventory, tooling and divisions, Avalon Hill Software and Victory Games. Avalon Hill Games, Inc. was incorporated by Hasbro on .", "title": "Avalon Hill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eildon Hill lies just south of Melrose, Scotland in the Scottish Borders, overlooking the town. The name is usually pluralised into \"the Eildons\" or \"Eildon Hills\", because of its triple peak. The high eminence overlooks Teviotdale to the South. The north hilltop (of three peaks) is surrounded by over of ramparts, enclosing an area of about 16 ha (40 acres) in which at least 300 level platforms have been cut into the rock to provide bases for turf or timber-walled houses, forming one of the largest hill forts known in Scotland. A Roman army signalling station was later constructed on the same site as this hill fort.", "title": "Eildon Hill" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abrit Nunatak (; \\'nu-na-tak a-'brit\\) is the rocky hill rising to over 400 m east of Laclavère Plateau on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is overlooking Mott Snowfield to the north and Retizhe Cove to the southeast.", "title": "Abrit Nunatak" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avalon International Breads adheres to a triple bottom line philosophy, which it interprets as consisting of \"Earth\", \"Community\", and \"Employees\". As of February 2015, it employs a total of 56 people, 90% of whom are Detroit residents. The bakery has three locations: its original building at 422 W. Willis in Midtown/Cass Corridor; its Eat Well, Do Good Cafe at Henry Ford Hospital in New Center; and its Avalon City Ovens production facility on Detroit's East Side. Financially, the bakery has grown steadily, recording profits of $60,000 in 2006 and $2.2 million in 2011.", "title": "Avalon International Breads" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Urguri Nunatak (, ‘Nunatak Urguri’ \\'nu-na-tak ur-'gu-ri\\) is the rocky hill rising to 560 m in the east foothills of Laclavère Plateau on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is overlooking Mott Snowfield to the north.", "title": "Urguri Nunatak" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge is a town in Austria. It is located in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in the state of Lower Austria. Mannersdorf is seated at the base of a range of wooded hills called the Leitha Mountains (\"Leithagebirge\"), from which it receives its full name. It overlooks an agricultural plain, through which flows the Leitha River, about two miles away.", "title": "Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Broken Hill is a local government area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area contains an isolated mining city, Broken Hill, located in the outback of New South Wales and is surrounded by the Unincorporated Far West Region. The City is located adjacent to the Silver City and Barrier Highways and the Broken Hill railway line.", "title": "City of Broken Hill" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Aguilera is a small Spanish village about 7 km from Aranda de Duero in the province of Burgos. Wine cellars and \"merenderos\" (personal BBQ areas) built into the side of a hill overlook the village. It is located in the grape-growing region of the Ribera del Duero wine region.", "title": "La Aguilera" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Svetlya Peak is a peak on the Antarctic Peninsula of Antarctica. The rocky, partly ice-free peak, rising to 550 m, is at the east extremity of Poibrene Heights on Blagoevgrad Peninsula, Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. It overlooks Vaughan Inlet to the northeast.", "title": "Svetlya Peak" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KOAI (95.1/94.9 FM \"The Oasis\") is a classic hits radio station serving the Phoenix metropolitan area and licensed to Sun City West, Arizona. The station is owned by Sun City Holdings under the name of \"Sun City Communications,\" and is part of the Great Hill Partners investment portfolio. It is licensed to and operated by Riviera Broadcast Group. Its studios are located on 7th Street in Midtown Phoenix, while its transmitter is located in Crown King, Arizona (producing a rimshot signal from 50 miles northwest of Phoenix).", "title": "KOAI" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Pedro Valley Observatory, originally called Vega-Bray Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on a small hill overlooking the San Pedro River Valley, just east of Benson, Arizona (USA). Founded in 1990 by Max Bray, an optician and Dr. Eduardo Vega, a pathologist, it is home to the Hoot-Vega Radio Telescope.", "title": "San Pedro Valley Observatory" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coro Gulf is located near Coro, a city in Falcón State of Venezuela. This gulf is located south of the Paraguana Peninsula, one of the largest peninsulas in Venezuela by size.", "title": "Coro Gulf" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allen () is a village in County Kildare in Ireland located on regional road R415 between Kilmeage and Milltown. The village is overlooked by Hill of Allen, which in recent times has been scarred by quarrying. This hill, visible over much of Kildare and the surrounding counties, is regarded as the ancient seat of Fionn mac Cumhaill.", "title": "Allen, County Kildare" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. With a population of 214,285 as of July 1, 2015, the St. John's Metropolitan Area is the second largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Atlantic Canada after Halifax and the 20th largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is one of the world's top ten oceanside destinations, according to National Geographic Magazine. Its name has been attributed to the feast day of John the Baptist, when John Cabot was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497, and also to a Basque fishing town with the same name.", "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west.", "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901. Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.", "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" } ]	Where on the Avalon Peninsula is the city that Signal Hill overlooks?	eastern tip	[]	Title: Eildon Hill Passage: Eildon Hill lies just south of Melrose, Scotland in the Scottish Borders, overlooking the town. The name is usually pluralised into "the Eildons" or "Eildon Hills", because of its triple peak. The high eminence overlooks Teviotdale to the South. The north hilltop (of three peaks) is surrounded by over of ramparts, enclosing an area of about 16 ha (40 acres) in which at least 300 level platforms have been cut into the rock to provide bases for turf or timber-walled houses, forming one of the largest hill forts known in Scotland. A Roman army signalling station was later constructed on the same site as this hill fort. Title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Passage: St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. Title: Seattle Passage: The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary, but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Mount Baker, and Crown Hill neighborhoods are technically located on hills as well. Many of the hilliest areas are near the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constituting something of a ridge along an isthmus between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many regrading projects that reshaped the topography of the city center. The topography of the city center was also changed by the construction of a seawall and the artificial Harbor Island (completed 1909) at the mouth of the city's industrial Duwamish Waterway, the terminus of the Green River. The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle, which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St. Other notable hills include Crown Hill, View Ridge/Wedgwood/Bryant, Maple Leaf, Phinney Ridge, Mt. Baker Ridge and Highlands/Carkeek/Bitterlake. Title: Allen, County Kildare Passage: Allen () is a village in County Kildare in Ireland located on regional road R415 between Kilmeage and Milltown. The village is overlooked by Hill of Allen, which in recent times has been scarred by quarrying. This hill, visible over much of Kildare and the surrounding counties, is regarded as the ancient seat of Fionn mac Cumhaill. Title: Citadel of Besançon Passage: The Citadel of Besançon () is a 17th-century fortress in Franche-Comté, France. It is one of the finest masterpieces of military architecture designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban. The Citadel occupies on Mount Saint-Etienne, one of the seven hills that protect Besançon, the capital of Franche-Comté. Mount Saint-Etienne occupies the neck of an oxbow formed by the river Doubs, giving the site a strategic importance that Julius Caesar recognised as early as 58 BC. The Citadel overlooks the old quarter of the city, which is located within the oxbow, and has views of the city and its surroundings. Title: Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge Passage: Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge is a town in Austria. It is located in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in the state of Lower Austria. Mannersdorf is seated at the base of a range of wooded hills called the Leitha Mountains ("Leithagebirge"), from which it receives its full name. It overlooks an agricultural plain, through which flows the Leitha River, about two miles away. Title: City of Broken Hill Passage: The City of Broken Hill is a local government area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area contains an isolated mining city, Broken Hill, located in the outback of New South Wales and is surrounded by the Unincorporated Far West Region. The City is located adjacent to the Silver City and Barrier Highways and the Broken Hill railway line. Title: Coro Gulf Passage: Coro Gulf is located near Coro, a city in Falcón State of Venezuela. This gulf is located south of the Paraguana Peninsula, one of the largest peninsulas in Venezuela by size. Title: Avalon Hill Passage: Monarch sold Avalon Hill to Hasbro Games on August 4, 1998 for $6 million. Hasbro, largely seeking a computer gaming software company and known games to convert to interactive computer games per an Arcadia Investment Corp. investment analyst, purchased the rights to the Avalon Hill trademarks, copyrights, inventory, tooling and divisions, Avalon Hill Software and Victory Games. Avalon Hill Games, Inc. was incorporated by Hasbro on . Title: KOAI Passage: KOAI (95.1/94.9 FM "The Oasis") is a classic hits radio station serving the Phoenix metropolitan area and licensed to Sun City West, Arizona. The station is owned by Sun City Holdings under the name of "Sun City Communications," and is part of the Great Hill Partners investment portfolio. It is licensed to and operated by Riviera Broadcast Group. Its studios are located on 7th Street in Midtown Phoenix, while its transmitter is located in Crown King, Arizona (producing a rimshot signal from 50 miles northwest of Phoenix). Title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Passage: St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. With a population of 214,285 as of July 1, 2015, the St. John's Metropolitan Area is the second largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Atlantic Canada after Halifax and the 20th largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is one of the world's top ten oceanside destinations, according to National Geographic Magazine. Its name has been attributed to the feast day of John the Baptist, when John Cabot was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497, and also to a Basque fishing town with the same name. Title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Passage: Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901. Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast. Title: San Pedro Valley Observatory Passage: San Pedro Valley Observatory, originally called Vega-Bray Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on a small hill overlooking the San Pedro River Valley, just east of Benson, Arizona (USA). Founded in 1990 by Max Bray, an optician and Dr. Eduardo Vega, a pathologist, it is home to the Hoot-Vega Radio Telescope. Title: Stubel Hill Passage: Stubel Hill (, ‘Stubelski Halm’ \'stu-bel-ski 'h&lm\) is the ice-covered hill rising to 485 m and forming the north extremity of Marescot Ridge on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is overlooking Bransfield Strait to the north. Title: Avalon International Breads Passage: Avalon International Breads adheres to a triple bottom line philosophy, which it interprets as consisting of "Earth", "Community", and "Employees". As of February 2015, it employs a total of 56 people, 90% of whom are Detroit residents. The bakery has three locations: its original building at 422 W. Willis in Midtown/Cass Corridor; its Eat Well, Do Good Cafe at Henry Ford Hospital in New Center; and its Avalon City Ovens production facility on Detroit's East Side. Financially, the bakery has grown steadily, recording profits of $60,000 in 2006 and $2.2 million in 2011. Title: Urguri Nunatak Passage: Urguri Nunatak (, ‘Nunatak Urguri’ \'nu-na-tak ur-'gu-ri\) is the rocky hill rising to 560 m in the east foothills of Laclavère Plateau on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is overlooking Mott Snowfield to the north. Title: Christ of the Ohio Passage: Christ of the Ohio is a statue of Jesus Christ in Troy, Indiana in the United States. It is located on Fulton Hill, which overlooks the Ohio River. Title: Abrit Nunatak Passage: Abrit Nunatak (; \'nu-na-tak a-'brit\) is the rocky hill rising to over 400 m east of Laclavère Plateau on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is overlooking Mott Snowfield to the north and Retizhe Cove to the southeast. Title: Svetlya Peak Passage: Svetlya Peak is a peak on the Antarctic Peninsula of Antarctica. The rocky, partly ice-free peak, rising to 550 m, is at the east extremity of Poibrene Heights on Blagoevgrad Peninsula, Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. It overlooks Vaughan Inlet to the northeast. Title: La Aguilera Passage: La Aguilera is a small Spanish village about 7 km from Aranda de Duero in the province of Burgos. Wine cellars and "merenderos" (personal BBQ areas) built into the side of a hill overlook the village. It is located in the grape-growing region of the Ribera del Duero wine region.	[ "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador", "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" ]
2hop__92817_20957	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bennington was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, part of the Saratoga campaign, that took place on August 16, 1777, in Walloomsac, New York, about 10 miles (16 km) from its namesake Bennington, Vermont. A rebel force of 2,000 men, primarily New Hampshire and Massachusetts militiamen, led by General John Stark, and reinforced by Vermont militiamen led by Colonel Seth Warner and members of the Green Mountain Boys, decisively defeated a detachment of General John Burgoyne's army led by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum, and supported by additional men under Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann.", "title": "Battle of Bennington" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant-General William Augustus Johnson (15 October 1777, in Kenilworth – 26 October 1863, in Witham, Lincolnshire) was an English soldier and Member of Parliament.", "title": "William Augustus Johnson" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British had taken Philadelphia in 1777, but American victory at the Battle of Saratoga brought back hope to the Patriots and enthusiasm in France. The army of Burgoyne surrendered to American forces after Saratoga and France realized that the United States could be victorious. The king directed Vergennes to negotiate an alliance with the Americans.", "title": "France in the American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British decisively failed. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate New England. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory.", "title": "Battle of Hastings" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962. The period since then has been marked by intermittent conflicts, including a lengthy civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony, which has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties.The official languages are English and Swahili, although \"any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative, administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law.\" Luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, Luo and Lusoga.", "title": "Uganda" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 is the title of an oil painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the death of the American General Hugh Mercer at the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. The painting was Trumbull’s first depiction of an American victory. It is one of a series of historical paintings on the war, which also includes the \"Declaration of Independence\" and \"The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776\".", "title": "The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Carabobo, on 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre. Bolívar's decisive victory at Carabobo led to the independence of Venezuela and establishment of the Republic of Gran Colombia.", "title": "Battle of Carabobo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Christian Ørsted (/ ˈɜːrstɛd /; Danish: (hans kʁæsdjan ˈɶɐ̯sdɛð); often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 -- 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. He is still known today for Oersted's Law. He shaped post-Kantian philosophy and advances in science throughout the late 19th century.", "title": "Hans Christian Ørsted" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About one - third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major battle after U.S. independence was declared -- and the largest battle of the entire war -- was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington's intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, a success that influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed.", "title": "Battles of Saratoga" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Christian Ørsted (; Danish: [hæns kʰʁæstjæn ˈɶɐ̯stɛð]; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him.", "title": "Hans Christian Ørsted" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Early on, American courts, even after the Revolution, often did cite contemporary English cases. This was because appellate decisions from many American courts were not regularly reported until the mid-19th century; lawyers and judges, as creatures of habit, used English legal materials to fill the gap. But citations to English decisions gradually disappeared during the 19th century as American courts developed their own principles to resolve the legal problems of the American people. The number of published volumes of American reports soared from eighteen in 1810 to over 8,000 by 1910. By 1879 one of the delegates to the California constitutional convention was already complaining: \"Now, when we require them to state the reasons for a decision, we do not mean they shall write a hundred pages of detail. We [do] not mean that they shall include the small cases, and impose on the country all this fine judicial literature, for the Lord knows we have got enough of that already.\"", "title": "Law of the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burgoyne's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems. He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm at the cost of significant casualties. His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British defenses. Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat, and his army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga, forcing him to surrender on October 17. News of Burgoyne's surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the war as an American ally, although it had previously given supplies, ammunition, and guns, notably the de Valliere cannon which played an important role in Saratoga. This battle also resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain.", "title": "Battles of Saratoga" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The central government established by the Articles received only those powers which the former colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament.", "title": "Articles of Confederation" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Burgoyne is best known for his role in the American Revolutionary War. He designed an invasion scheme and was appointed to command a force moving south from Canada to split away New England and end the rebellion. Burgoyne advanced from Canada but his slow movement allowed the Americans to concentrate their forces. Instead of coming to his aid according to the overall plan, the British Army in New York City moved south to capture Philadelphia. Surrounded, Burgoyne fought two small battles near Saratoga to break out. Trapped by superior American forces, with no relief in sight, Burgoyne surrendered his entire army of 6,200 men on 17 October 1777. His surrender, says historian Edmund Morgan, \"was a great turning point of the war, because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory\". He and his officers returned to England; the enlisted men became prisoners of war. Burgoyne came under sharp criticism when he returned to London, and never held another active command.", "title": "John Burgoyne" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France bitterly resented its loss on the Seven Years' War and sought revenge; it also wanted to keep Britain from becoming too powerful. The opportunity was now at hand. Following the Declaration of Independence, the American Revolution was well received in France, by both the general population and the aristocracy. The Revolution was perceived as the incarnation of the Enlightenment Spirit against the ``English tyranny. ''Benjamin Franklin, dispatched to France in December 1776 to rally its support, was welcomed with great enthusiasm. The French had become interested in the American Revolution from the outset. They saw the revolution as an opportunity to strip Britain of their North American possessions in retaliation for France's loss of Canada a decade before. At first, French support was covert; French agents sent the Patriots military aid (predominantly gunpowder) through a company called Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie, beginning in the spring of 1776. Estimates place the percentage of French supplied arms to the Americans in the Saratoga campaign up to 90%. By 1777, over five million livres of aid had been sent to the American rebels.", "title": "France in the American Revolutionary War" } ]	When did the winners of the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 really begin to establish their own laws independent of the English?	mid-19th century	[ "19th century" ]	Title: New York (state) Passage: About one - third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major battle after U.S. independence was declared -- and the largest battle of the entire war -- was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington's intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, a success that influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788. Title: Battles of Saratoga Passage: The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed. Title: France in the American Revolutionary War Passage: France bitterly resented its loss on the Seven Years' War and sought revenge; it also wanted to keep Britain from becoming too powerful. The opportunity was now at hand. Following the Declaration of Independence, the American Revolution was well received in France, by both the general population and the aristocracy. The Revolution was perceived as the incarnation of the Enlightenment Spirit against the ``English tyranny. ''Benjamin Franklin, dispatched to France in December 1776 to rally its support, was welcomed with great enthusiasm. The French had become interested in the American Revolution from the outset. They saw the revolution as an opportunity to strip Britain of their North American possessions in retaliation for France's loss of Canada a decade before. At first, French support was covert; French agents sent the Patriots military aid (predominantly gunpowder) through a company called Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie, beginning in the spring of 1776. Estimates place the percentage of French supplied arms to the Americans in the Saratoga campaign up to 90%. By 1777, over five million livres of aid had been sent to the American rebels. Title: Battle of Carabobo Passage: The Battle of Carabobo, on 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre. Bolívar's decisive victory at Carabobo led to the independence of Venezuela and establishment of the Republic of Gran Colombia. Title: Military history of the United States Passage: The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes. Title: Battle of Bennington Passage: The Battle of Bennington was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, part of the Saratoga campaign, that took place on August 16, 1777, in Walloomsac, New York, about 10 miles (16 km) from its namesake Bennington, Vermont. A rebel force of 2,000 men, primarily New Hampshire and Massachusetts militiamen, led by General John Stark, and reinforced by Vermont militiamen led by Colonel Seth Warner and members of the Green Mountain Boys, decisively defeated a detachment of General John Burgoyne's army led by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum, and supported by additional men under Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann. Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Title: Hans Christian Ørsted Passage: Hans Christian Ørsted (; Danish: [hæns kʰʁæstjæn ˈɶɐ̯stɛð]; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him. Title: The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 Passage: The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 is the title of an oil painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the death of the American General Hugh Mercer at the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. The painting was Trumbull’s first depiction of an American victory. It is one of a series of historical paintings on the war, which also includes the "Declaration of Independence" and "The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776". Title: Battles of Saratoga Passage: Burgoyne's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems. He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm at the cost of significant casualties. His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British defenses. Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat, and his army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga, forcing him to surrender on October 17. News of Burgoyne's surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the war as an American ally, although it had previously given supplies, ammunition, and guns, notably the de Valliere cannon which played an important role in Saratoga. This battle also resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain. Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British decisively failed. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate New England. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Title: France in the American Revolutionary War Passage: The British had taken Philadelphia in 1777, but American victory at the Battle of Saratoga brought back hope to the Patriots and enthusiasm in France. The army of Burgoyne surrendered to American forces after Saratoga and France realized that the United States could be victorious. The king directed Vergennes to negotiate an alliance with the Americans. Title: Uganda Passage: Beginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962. The period since then has been marked by intermittent conflicts, including a lengthy civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony, which has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties.The official languages are English and Swahili, although "any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative, administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law." Luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, Luo and Lusoga. Title: Law of the United States Passage: Early on, American courts, even after the Revolution, often did cite contemporary English cases. This was because appellate decisions from many American courts were not regularly reported until the mid-19th century; lawyers and judges, as creatures of habit, used English legal materials to fill the gap. But citations to English decisions gradually disappeared during the 19th century as American courts developed their own principles to resolve the legal problems of the American people. The number of published volumes of American reports soared from eighteen in 1810 to over 8,000 by 1910. By 1879 one of the delegates to the California constitutional convention was already complaining: "Now, when we require them to state the reasons for a decision, we do not mean they shall write a hundred pages of detail. We [do] not mean that they shall include the small cases, and impose on the country all this fine judicial literature, for the Lord knows we have got enough of that already." Title: William Augustus Johnson Passage: Lieutenant-General William Augustus Johnson (15 October 1777, in Kenilworth – 26 October 1863, in Witham, Lincolnshire) was an English soldier and Member of Parliament. Title: Prime minister Passage: In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. Title: John Burgoyne Passage: John Burgoyne is best known for his role in the American Revolutionary War. He designed an invasion scheme and was appointed to command a force moving south from Canada to split away New England and end the rebellion. Burgoyne advanced from Canada but his slow movement allowed the Americans to concentrate their forces. Instead of coming to his aid according to the overall plan, the British Army in New York City moved south to capture Philadelphia. Surrounded, Burgoyne fought two small battles near Saratoga to break out. Trapped by superior American forces, with no relief in sight, Burgoyne surrendered his entire army of 6,200 men on 17 October 1777. His surrender, says historian Edmund Morgan, "was a great turning point of the war, because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory". He and his officers returned to England; the enlisted men became prisoners of war. Burgoyne came under sharp criticism when he returned to London, and never held another active command. Title: Battle of Hastings Passage: The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory. Title: Articles of Confederation Passage: The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The central government established by the Articles received only those powers which the former colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament. Title: Hans Christian Ørsted Passage: Hans Christian Ørsted (/ ˈɜːrstɛd /; Danish: (hans kʁæsdjan ˈɶɐ̯sdɛð); often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 -- 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. He is still known today for Oersted's Law. He shaped post-Kantian philosophy and advances in science throughout the late 19th century.	[ "Battles of Saratoga", "Law of the United States" ]
2hop__130707_52794	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.", "title": "List of current Indian chief ministers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avengers: Infinity War held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on April 23, 2018, screening also at the adjacent El Capitan Theatre and Grauman's Chinese Theatre. It was released in most countries worldwide, including the United States, on April 27, 2018, with a few debuts beginning as early as April 25, and was shown in IMAX and 3D on select screens. In the United States, the film opened in 4,474 theaters, 408 of which were IMAX; this was the widest release for a Disney title ever and the second - widest ever after Despicable Me 3's 4,529 theaters. Three of AMC Theatres' locations screened the film for 24 hours straight, with 53 of their locations having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand. In India, the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film, opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages. The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries. It was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States. The Chinese release of the film, which opened on May 11, 2018, was originally scheduled to end on June 10, 2018, but was granted a ``rare ''extension of 30 days, to end on July 9, 2018.", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ministry is overseen by a cabinet minister, currently Janet Museveni, since 6 June 2016. She is assisted by three ministers of state; (a) Rosemary Seninde serves as Minister of State for Primary Education, (b) John Chrysestom Muyingo serves as Minister of State for Secondary Education, and Charles Bakkabulindi serves as Minister of State for sports.", "title": "Ministry of Education and Sports (Uganda)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carr Fire The Carr Fire on July 28, 2018 Location Whiskeytown -- Shasta -- Trinity National Recreation Area, California, United States Coordinates 40 ° 39 ′ 15 ''N 122 ° 37 ′ 25'' W / 40.6543 ° N 122.6236 ° W / 40.6543; - 122.6236 Coordinates: 40 ° 39 ′ 15 ''N 122 ° 37 ′ 25'' W / 40.6543 ° N 122.6236 ° W / 40.6543; - 122.6236 Statistics Cost > $1.659 billion (2018 USD) Date (s) July 23, 2018 (2018 - 07 - 23) -- August 30, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 30) Burned area 229,651 acres (92,936 ha) Cause Sparks from mechanical failure of a vehicle Buildings destroyed 1,604 Fatalities 3 firefighters, 5 civilians Non-fatal injuries 11 Map Location of the fire in California", "title": "Carr Fire" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of June 2018, the Government of Karnataka consists of 27 ministers including Chief Minister and a Deputy Chief Minister.", "title": "Government of Karnataka" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "17 June: LogismedTA (Training Activities under the Programme on the Development of a Network of Euro-Mediterranean Logistics Platforms)Between 2013 and 2018, thirteen sectorial ministerial meetings took place, in presence of the ministers of the UfM Member States:", "title": "Union for the Mediterranean" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Huvina Hipparagi also Huvin Hipparagi is a Town in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Basavana Bagevadi taluk of Bijapur district in Karnataka.", "title": "Huvina Hipparagi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Epcot International Food & Wine Festival Begins August 30, 2018 Ends November 12, 2018 Frequency Yearly Venue Epcot Location (s) Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida Country United States Inaugurated 1995 Activity Wine, Food Tasting, Social Events Website Official website", "title": "Epcot International Food & Wine Festival" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Imran Khan has held the office of Prime Minister since 18 August 2018, following the outcome of nationwide general elections held on 25 July 2018.", "title": "Prime Minister of Pakistan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carmen Montón Giménez (born 9 March 1976 in Burjassot, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). She was the Spanish Minister of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare from the 7 June 2018 until her resignation on 11 September 2018 due to the scandal of her master’s degree.", "title": "Carmen Montón" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Minister of State Security (formerly the Minister of Intelligence Services) is a Minister of the South African government, who oversees South Africa's civilian intelligence agencies. the Minister of State Security is Ayanda Dlodlo.", "title": "Minister of State Security (South Africa)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 3 June 2015, the FBI confirmed that the federal authorities were investigating the bidding and awarding processes for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that ``should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled ''. Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong - joon in which a vote - trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed.", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Currently in 2018 there are 34 medical schools that offer DO Degrees in 49 locations and 34 states across the United States. There are 141 accredited U.S. M.D. medical schools.", "title": "Osteopathic medicine in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 31 January 2018, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, declared open the inaugural Khelo India School Games at the opening ceremony based on Guru -- shishya tradition held at Indira Gandhi Arena.", "title": "Khelo India Youth Games" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madan Lal Khurana (15 October 1936 – 27 October 2018) was an Indian politician also was Chief Minister of Delhi from 1993 to 1996. He also served as Governor of Rajasthan in 2004.He was the Union Minister of Parliamentary affairs and Tourism in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government.", "title": "Madan Lal Khurana" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ján Kuciak (17 May 1990 – 21 February 2018) was a Slovak investigative journalist. Kuciak worked as a reporter for the news website Aktuality.sk, focused mainly on investigating tax fraud of several businessmen with connections to top-level Slovak politicians. He and his fiancée, Martina Kušnírová, were shot dead in February 2018 in their home in Veľká Mača, Galanta District, Slovakia.Kuciak was the first journalist murdered in Slovakia since the country's independence. The murders caused shock and disbelief throughout the country, sparking mass popular protests and a political crisis, with the government of Prime Minister Robert Fico on one side, and President Andrej Kiska and opposition parties on the other. The crisis culminated on 15 March with the resignation of Prime Minister Fico and his entire cabinet.In September 2018, Slovak police stated that Kuciak was murdered because of his investigative work, and that the murder had been ordered. They arrested eight suspects, charging three of them with first-degree murder.", "title": "Murder of Ján Kuciak" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Royal Arms of Her Majesty's Government Incumbent James Brokenshire since 30 April 2018 Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government Style Communities Secretary (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth) Appointer The Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister Formation 6 May 2006 First holder David Miliband Website www.communities.gov.uk", "title": "Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Government of Karnataka The state of India Seat of Government Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore Executive Governor Vajubhai Vala Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy Deputy Chief Minister G. Parameshwara Legislature Assembly Karnataka State Assembly Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar Members in Assembly 224 Council Karnataka Legislative Council Chairman D.H. Shankaramurthy Members in Council 75 Judiciary High Court Karnataka High Court Chief Justice Dinesh Maheshwari", "title": "Government of Karnataka" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2013, Ulta opened 125 stores in the United States, bringing their total number of locations to 675 stores. They also announced plans to open 100 more locations by the end of 2014. As of August 4, 2018, Ulta operates 1,124 stores in 49 states and the District of Columbia. A majority of Ulta Beauty stores are located in the East Coast region, although California also has a large presence of company - owned stores.", "title": "Ulta Beauty" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karnataka Legislative Assembly 15th Legislative Assembly of Karnataka Type Type Lower house Term limits 5 years Leadership Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar, INC Since 25 May 2018 Deputy Speaker M. Krishna Reddy, JD (S) Since 7 July 2018 Leader of the House (Chief Minister) H.D. Kumaraswamy, JD (S) Since 23 May 2018 Deputy Leader of the House (Deputy Chief Minister) G. Parameshwara, INC Since 23 May 2018 Leader of the Opposition B.S. Yeddyurappa, BJP Since 25 May 2018 Deputy Leader of the Opposition Govind M. Karjol, BJP Since 25 May 2018 Structure Seats 225 (224 + 1 Nominated) Political groups Government (118) INC (79) JD (S) (36) BSP (1) KPJP (1) Independent (1) Opposition (104) BJP (104) Others (1) Nominated (1) Vacant (2) Vacant (2) Elections Voting system First past the post Last election 12 May 2018 Meeting place Legislative Assembly Chamber, Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Website Karnataka Legislative Assembly Footnotes The Council was established in 1881 for the Princely State of Mysore. The Princely state was merged with the Union of India and became Mysore State in 1950; Mysore State was re-organized to its current territorial state in 1956 and renamed as Karnataka on 1 November 1973.", "title": "Karnataka Legislative Assembly" } ]	Who is the minister of the state Huvinahippargi located in 2018?	H.D. Kumaraswamy	[]	Title: Khelo India Youth Games Passage: On 31 January 2018, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, declared open the inaugural Khelo India School Games at the opening ceremony based on Guru -- shishya tradition held at Indira Gandhi Arena. Title: Avengers: Infinity War Passage: Avengers: Infinity War held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on April 23, 2018, screening also at the adjacent El Capitan Theatre and Grauman's Chinese Theatre. It was released in most countries worldwide, including the United States, on April 27, 2018, with a few debuts beginning as early as April 25, and was shown in IMAX and 3D on select screens. In the United States, the film opened in 4,474 theaters, 408 of which were IMAX; this was the widest release for a Disney title ever and the second - widest ever after Despicable Me 3's 4,529 theaters. Three of AMC Theatres' locations screened the film for 24 hours straight, with 53 of their locations having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand. In India, the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film, opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages. The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries. It was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States. The Chinese release of the film, which opened on May 11, 2018, was originally scheduled to end on June 10, 2018, but was granted a ``rare ''extension of 30 days, to end on July 9, 2018. Title: Union for the Mediterranean Passage: 17 June: LogismedTA (Training Activities under the Programme on the Development of a Network of Euro-Mediterranean Logistics Platforms)Between 2013 and 2018, thirteen sectorial ministerial meetings took place, in presence of the ministers of the UfM Member States: Title: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Passage: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Royal Arms of Her Majesty's Government Incumbent James Brokenshire since 30 April 2018 Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government Style Communities Secretary (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth) Appointer The Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister Formation 6 May 2006 First holder David Miliband Website www.communities.gov.uk Title: Madan Lal Khurana Passage: Madan Lal Khurana (15 October 1936 – 27 October 2018) was an Indian politician also was Chief Minister of Delhi from 1993 to 1996. He also served as Governor of Rajasthan in 2004.He was the Union Minister of Parliamentary affairs and Tourism in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. Title: Ministry of Education and Sports (Uganda) Passage: The ministry is overseen by a cabinet minister, currently Janet Museveni, since 6 June 2016. She is assisted by three ministers of state; (a) Rosemary Seninde serves as Minister of State for Primary Education, (b) John Chrysestom Muyingo serves as Minister of State for Secondary Education, and Charles Bakkabulindi serves as Minister of State for sports. Title: Murder of Ján Kuciak Passage: Ján Kuciak (17 May 1990 – 21 February 2018) was a Slovak investigative journalist. Kuciak worked as a reporter for the news website Aktuality.sk, focused mainly on investigating tax fraud of several businessmen with connections to top-level Slovak politicians. He and his fiancée, Martina Kušnírová, were shot dead in February 2018 in their home in Veľká Mača, Galanta District, Slovakia.Kuciak was the first journalist murdered in Slovakia since the country's independence. The murders caused shock and disbelief throughout the country, sparking mass popular protests and a political crisis, with the government of Prime Minister Robert Fico on one side, and President Andrej Kiska and opposition parties on the other. The crisis culminated on 15 March with the resignation of Prime Minister Fico and his entire cabinet.In September 2018, Slovak police stated that Kuciak was murdered because of his investigative work, and that the murder had been ordered. They arrested eight suspects, charging three of them with first-degree murder. Title: Government of Karnataka Passage: Government of Karnataka The state of India Seat of Government Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore Executive Governor Vajubhai Vala Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy Deputy Chief Minister G. Parameshwara Legislature Assembly Karnataka State Assembly Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar Members in Assembly 224 Council Karnataka Legislative Council Chairman D.H. Shankaramurthy Members in Council 75 Judiciary High Court Karnataka High Court Chief Justice Dinesh Maheshwari Title: Carr Fire Passage: Carr Fire The Carr Fire on July 28, 2018 Location Whiskeytown -- Shasta -- Trinity National Recreation Area, California, United States Coordinates 40 ° 39 ′ 15 ''N 122 ° 37 ′ 25'' W / 40.6543 ° N 122.6236 ° W / 40.6543; - 122.6236 Coordinates: 40 ° 39 ′ 15 ''N 122 ° 37 ′ 25'' W / 40.6543 ° N 122.6236 ° W / 40.6543; - 122.6236 Statistics Cost > $1.659 billion (2018 USD) Date (s) July 23, 2018 (2018 - 07 - 23) -- August 30, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 30) Burned area 229,651 acres (92,936 ha) Cause Sparks from mechanical failure of a vehicle Buildings destroyed 1,604 Fatalities 3 firefighters, 5 civilians Non-fatal injuries 11 Map Location of the fire in California Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Passage: On 3 June 2015, the FBI confirmed that the federal authorities were investigating the bidding and awarding processes for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that ``should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled ''. Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong - joon in which a vote - trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed. Title: Minister of State Security (South Africa) Passage: The Minister of State Security (formerly the Minister of Intelligence Services) is a Minister of the South African government, who oversees South Africa's civilian intelligence agencies. the Minister of State Security is Ayanda Dlodlo. Title: Ulta Beauty Passage: In 2013, Ulta opened 125 stores in the United States, bringing their total number of locations to 675 stores. They also announced plans to open 100 more locations by the end of 2014. As of August 4, 2018, Ulta operates 1,124 stores in 49 states and the District of Columbia. A majority of Ulta Beauty stores are located in the East Coast region, although California also has a large presence of company - owned stores. Title: Government of Karnataka Passage: As of June 2018, the Government of Karnataka consists of 27 ministers including Chief Minister and a Deputy Chief Minister. Title: Prime Minister of Pakistan Passage: Imran Khan has held the office of Prime Minister since 18 August 2018, following the outcome of nationwide general elections held on 25 July 2018. Title: Epcot International Food & Wine Festival Passage: Epcot International Food & Wine Festival Begins August 30, 2018 Ends November 12, 2018 Frequency Yearly Venue Epcot Location (s) Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida Country United States Inaugurated 1995 Activity Wine, Food Tasting, Social Events Website Official website Title: Osteopathic medicine in the United States Passage: Currently in 2018 there are 34 medical schools that offer DO Degrees in 49 locations and 34 states across the United States. There are 141 accredited U.S. M.D. medical schools. Title: Carmen Montón Passage: Carmen Montón Giménez (born 9 March 1976 in Burjassot, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). She was the Spanish Minister of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare from the 7 June 2018 until her resignation on 11 September 2018 due to the scandal of her master’s degree. Title: Karnataka Legislative Assembly Passage: Karnataka Legislative Assembly 15th Legislative Assembly of Karnataka Type Type Lower house Term limits 5 years Leadership Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar, INC Since 25 May 2018 Deputy Speaker M. Krishna Reddy, JD (S) Since 7 July 2018 Leader of the House (Chief Minister) H.D. Kumaraswamy, JD (S) Since 23 May 2018 Deputy Leader of the House (Deputy Chief Minister) G. Parameshwara, INC Since 23 May 2018 Leader of the Opposition B.S. Yeddyurappa, BJP Since 25 May 2018 Deputy Leader of the Opposition Govind M. Karjol, BJP Since 25 May 2018 Structure Seats 225 (224 + 1 Nominated) Political groups Government (118) INC (79) JD (S) (36) BSP (1) KPJP (1) Independent (1) Opposition (104) BJP (104) Others (1) Nominated (1) Vacant (2) Vacant (2) Elections Voting system First past the post Last election 12 May 2018 Meeting place Legislative Assembly Chamber, Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Website Karnataka Legislative Assembly Footnotes The Council was established in 1881 for the Princely State of Mysore. The Princely state was merged with the Union of India and became Mysore State in 1950; Mysore State was re-organized to its current territorial state in 1956 and renamed as Karnataka on 1 November 1973. Title: Huvina Hipparagi Passage: Huvina Hipparagi also Huvin Hipparagi is a Town in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Basavana Bagevadi taluk of Bijapur district in Karnataka. Title: List of current Indian chief ministers Passage: In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.	[ "Huvina Hipparagi", "Government of Karnataka" ]
4hop3__250064_280480_58096_606586	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rushcreek Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,191 people in the township.", "title": "Rushcreek Township, Logan County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bateman portrays financial planner Marty Byrde, and Laura Linney portrays his wife, a homemaker turned real estate agent Wendy Byrde. Marty suddenly relocates the family from a Chicago suburb to a summer resort community in the Missouri Ozarks after a money laundering scheme goes wrong, and he must pay off a debt to a Mexican drug lord. The series was renewed for a 10 - episode second season on August 15, 2017.", "title": "Ozark (TV series)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018.", "title": "Monett, Missouri" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prairie Creek Township is located in Logan County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 487 and it contained 194 housing units.", "title": "Prairie Creek Township, Logan County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan.", "title": "Two Thousand Acres of Sky" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pioneer Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 186.", "title": "Pioneer Township, Barry County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glendale Township is one of the nine townships of Logan County, North Dakota, United States. It lies in the northwestern part of the county and borders the following other townships within Logan County:", "title": "Glendale Township, Logan County, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McArthur Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,949 people in the township.", "title": "McArthur Township, Logan County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ozark Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 879.", "title": "Ozark Township, Barry County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.", "title": "Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there.", "title": "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cooper is an unincorporated community located within Logan Township, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 10 feet (3 m).", "title": "Cooper, Gloucester County, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Logan Township is one of sixteen townships in Calhoun County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 142.", "title": "Logan Township, Calhoun County, Iowa" } ]	In which country is Logan, a city in the county sharing a border with Pioneer Township's county in the state where The Ozarks takes place?	U.S.	[ "United States", "US", "U.S", "USA" ]	Title: Pioneer Township, Barry County, Missouri Passage: Pioneer Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 186. Title: Prairie Creek Township, Logan County, Illinois Passage: Prairie Creek Township is located in Logan County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 487 and it contained 194 housing units. Title: Ozark Township, Barry County, Missouri Passage: Ozark Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 879. Title: Two Thousand Acres of Sky Passage: The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan. Title: McArthur Township, Logan County, Ohio Passage: McArthur Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,949 people in the township. Title: Glendale Township, Logan County, North Dakota Passage: Glendale Township is one of the nine townships of Logan County, North Dakota, United States. It lies in the northwestern part of the county and borders the following other townships within Logan County: Title: Ozark (TV series) Passage: Bateman portrays financial planner Marty Byrde, and Laura Linney portrays his wife, a homemaker turned real estate agent Wendy Byrde. Marty suddenly relocates the family from a Chicago suburb to a summer resort community in the Missouri Ozarks after a money laundering scheme goes wrong, and he must pay off a debt to a Mexican drug lord. The series was renewed for a 10 - episode second season on August 15, 2017. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania Passage: Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Rushcreek Township, Logan County, Ohio Passage: Rushcreek Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,191 people in the township. Title: Logan Township, Calhoun County, Iowa Passage: Logan Township is one of sixteen townships in Calhoun County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 142. Title: Monett, Missouri Passage: Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018. Title: Dallol (woreda) Passage: Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda. Title: Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri Passage: Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Cooper, Gloucester County, New Jersey Passage: Cooper is an unincorporated community located within Logan Township, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 10 feet (3 m).	[ "Ozark (TV series)", "Monett, Missouri", "Pioneer Township, Barry County, Missouri", "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri" ]
4hop3__458988_362455_28338_160498	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu Yahya al-Libi (, ; c. 1963, Marzaq – June 4, 2012), born Mohamed Hassan Qaid, was a terrorist and leading high-ranking official within al-Qaeda, and an alleged member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group.", "title": "Abu Yahya al-Libi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will \"facilitate\" a \"change of the government,\" i.e., launch a \"bloodless\" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence.", "title": "Islamism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he \"will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process.\" He went on to say that \"we should hasten the peace process.\" In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated \"such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries.\" Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated \"we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs.\"", "title": "2007 Samjhauta Express bombings" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\"", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9 / 11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al - Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rethink Afghanistan is a 2009 documentary by Robert Greenwald and Brave New Films, about the US military presence in Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.", "title": "Rethink Afghanistan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that \"terrorism\" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a \"war on terror\", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Manchester Arena bombing was an Islamic terrorist attack in Manchester, United Kingdom. On 22 May 2017 a shrapnel - laden homemade bomb was detonated as people were leaving Manchester Arena following a concert by the American singer Ariana Grande. Twenty - three people were killed, including the attacker, and 250 were injured.", "title": "Manchester Arena bombing" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Detention Center (FDC Philadelphia) is a United States Federal prison in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which holds male and female inmates prior to or during court proceedings, as well as inmates serving brief sentences. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.", "title": "Federal Detention Center, Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abdelkader Belliraj (, ; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco.", "title": "Abdelkader Belliraj" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The March 2012 Damascus bombings were two large car bombs that exploded in front of the air intelligence and criminal security headquarters in the Syrian capital of Damascus. At least 27 people were reported killed and over a 140 injured in the fourth major bombing since the beginning of the uprising and the second in the city. As in previous cases, the opposition blamed the government for orchestrating attacks, while the government placed the blame on terrorists and foreign groups.", "title": "March 2012 Damascus bombings" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing happened at 9: 02am and killed at least 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. Until the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the country's history.", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because the actions involved in the \"war on terrorism\" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that \"the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse.\" Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that \"the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage\". Administration officials also described \"terrorists\" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Espers is an American psychedelic folk band from Philadelphia, United States, that is part of the emerging indie folk scene. They formed in 2002 as a trio of singer-songwriter Greg Weeks, Meg Baird and Brooke Sietinsons but later expanded to a sextet including Otto Hauser, Helena Espvall and Chris Smith. Their music is reminiscent of late-sixties British folk as well as many contemporary folk acts such as Six Organs of Admittance. Most of the band's members have also featured on recordings by a number of other folk artists such as Nick Castro and Vashti Bunyan and as a result have become an important part of the psychedelic folk revival.", "title": "Espers (band)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh. The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his \"violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel\". Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA. He was then held at multiple CIA secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding. During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he \"was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z\" and that his statement was not made under duress.", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history.", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Attack on Prekaz, also known as the Prekaz massacre, was an operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia on 5 March 1998, to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) fighters deemed terrorists by Serbia. During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members. The attack was criticized by Amnesty International, which wrote in its report that: \"all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but 'to eliminate the suspects and their families.'\" Serbia, on the other hand, claimed the raid was due to KLA attacks on police outposts.", "title": "Attack on Prekaz" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Matzuva attack was a terrorist attack on March 12, 2002 in which two Islamic Jihad militants who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon opened fire on civilian vehicles traveling on the Shlomi-Matzuva road. Six Israelis were killed in the attack and one injured.", "title": "Matzuva attack" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency.", "title": "Paris" } ]	What is the biggest terrorist attack by the group Bush said the 'war on terror' began with, on the country with the Federal Detention Center found where Espers was formed?	the 9/11 attacks	[ "9/11", "September 11", "September 11 attacks" ]	Title: War on Terror Passage: Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world. Title: Espers (band) Passage: Espers is an American psychedelic folk band from Philadelphia, United States, that is part of the emerging indie folk scene. They formed in 2002 as a trio of singer-songwriter Greg Weeks, Meg Baird and Brooke Sietinsons but later expanded to a sextet including Otto Hauser, Helena Espvall and Chris Smith. Their music is reminiscent of late-sixties British folk as well as many contemporary folk acts such as Six Organs of Admittance. Most of the band's members have also featured on recordings by a number of other folk artists such as Nick Castro and Vashti Bunyan and as a result have become an important part of the psychedelic folk revival. Title: Paris Passage: On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency. Title: Matzuva attack Passage: The Matzuva attack was a terrorist attack on March 12, 2002 in which two Islamic Jihad militants who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon opened fire on civilian vehicles traveling on the Shlomi-Matzuva road. Six Israelis were killed in the attack and one injured. Title: Oklahoma City bombing Passage: The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing happened at 9: 02am and killed at least 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. Until the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the country's history. Title: War on Terror Passage: Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse." Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage". Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights. Title: September 11 attacks Passage: The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9 / 11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al - Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. Title: Rethink Afghanistan Passage: Rethink Afghanistan is a 2009 documentary by Robert Greenwald and Brave New Films, about the US military presence in Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Title: March 2012 Damascus bombings Passage: The March 2012 Damascus bombings were two large car bombs that exploded in front of the air intelligence and criminal security headquarters in the Syrian capital of Damascus. At least 27 people were reported killed and over a 140 injured in the fourth major bombing since the beginning of the uprising and the second in the city. As in previous cases, the opposition blamed the government for orchestrating attacks, while the government placed the blame on terrorists and foreign groups. Title: Abu Yahya al-Libi Passage: Abu Yahya al-Libi (, ; c. 1963, Marzaq – June 4, 2012), born Mohamed Hassan Qaid, was a terrorist and leading high-ranking official within al-Qaeda, and an alleged member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. Title: September 11 attacks Passage: Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh. The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel". Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA. He was then held at multiple CIA secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding. During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he "was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z" and that his statement was not made under duress. Title: Attack on Prekaz Passage: The Attack on Prekaz, also known as the Prekaz massacre, was an operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia on 5 March 1998, to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) fighters deemed terrorists by Serbia. During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members. The attack was criticized by Amnesty International, which wrote in its report that: "all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but 'to eliminate the suspects and their families.'" Serbia, on the other hand, claimed the raid was due to KLA attacks on police outposts. Title: Military history of the United States Passage: The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas. Title: Federal Detention Center, Philadelphia Passage: The Federal Detention Center (FDC Philadelphia) is a United States Federal prison in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which holds male and female inmates prior to or during court proceedings, as well as inmates serving brief sentences. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. Title: War on Terror Passage: On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, "(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated." Title: Abdelkader Belliraj Passage: Abdelkader Belliraj (, ; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco. Title: Manchester Arena bombing Passage: The 2017 Manchester Arena bombing was an Islamic terrorist attack in Manchester, United Kingdom. On 22 May 2017 a shrapnel - laden homemade bomb was detonated as people were leaving Manchester Arena following a concert by the American singer Ariana Grande. Twenty - three people were killed, including the attacker, and 250 were injured. Title: Islamism Passage: HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence. Title: Oklahoma City bombing Passage: The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history. Title: 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings Passage: The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he "will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process." He went on to say that "we should hasten the peace process." In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated "such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries." Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated "we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs."	[ "War on Terror", "Federal Detention Center, Philadelphia", "Espers (band)", "September 11 attacks" ]
4hop1__524030_829000_51791_54140	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. In 1885 the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of the Bulgarian Tsar. Bulgaria declared independence in 1908.", "title": "Ottoman Bulgaria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya. In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power. On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be \"the legitimate representative of the Libyan state\", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.", "title": "Muammar Gaddafi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. This is known as the ``Central Europe Campaign ''in United States military histories.", "title": "Western Allied invasion of Germany" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kansas Museum of History in Topeka, Kansas, USA, is the state history museum. It presents Kansas history from the prehistoric to modern eras in of exhibits. The galleries feature a train (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe locomotive with two cars), full-sized tipi in the Southern Cheyenne style, a 1950s diner, and many other large features. Major topics covered in the main gallery include Native American tribal history, westward movement on the Oregon and Santa Fe trails, early settlers, the Bleeding Kansas and Civil War eras, and Populism at the turn of the 20th century.", "title": "Kansas Museum of History" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term Reconstruction Era, in the context of the history of the United States, has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War (1861 to 1865); the second sense focuses on the attempted transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress, from states with economies dependent upon slavery, to states in which former slaves were citizens with civil rights. With the three Reconstruction Amendments, the era saw the first amendments to the U.S. Constitution in decades.", "title": "Reconstruction era" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Powers (German: Mittelmächte; Hungarian: Központi hatalmak; Turkish: İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; Bulgarian: Централни сили, translit. Tsentralni sili), consisting of Germany, Austria - Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria -- hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (German: Vierbund) -- was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914 -- 18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria - Hungary in 1879. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War I had begun, although the Ottoman Empire retained close relations with both Germany and Austria - Hungary since the beginning of the 20th century.", "title": "Central Powers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rila (, pronounced ) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, in Rila Municipality, part of Kyustendil Province. It is the administrative centre of Rila Municipality, which lies in the southeastern part of Kyustendil Province.", "title": "Rila, Bulgaria" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Manhattan, he majored in European history at Brandeis, and later earned a master's degree in the same subject from Cornell. He was studying for a Ph.D. in history at the University of Chicago when he quit to join the civil rights movement in the South. He became a full-time organizer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced \"snick\"). Stokely Carmichael, later chairman of SNCC, called Samstein \"one in a million\".", "title": "Mendy Samstein" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2014 European Cross Country Championships was the 21st edition of the cross country running competition for European athletes which was held in Samokov, Bulgaria, on 14 December 2014. The events were hosted at Borovets – a winter sports and ski resort in the Rila mountains.", "title": "2014 European Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Some 28 Italian divisions participated in the Balkan invasions. The coast of Yugoslavia was occupied by the Italian Army, while the rest of the country was divided between the Axis forces (a German and Italian puppet State of Croatia was created, under the nominal sovereignty of Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, but actually governed by the Croatian fascist Ante Pavelić). The Italians assumed control of most of Greece with their 11th Army, while the Bulgarians occupied the northern provinces and the Germans the strategically most important areas. Italian troops would occupy parts of Greece and Yugoslavia until the Italian armistice with the Allies in September 1943.", "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First World War was a disaster for the Ottoman Empire. British and allied forces had conquered Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Ottoman Empire was divided amongst the European allies. At the San Remo conference of April 1920, the French were granted a mandate over Syria and the British were granted one over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On 10 August 1920, Mehmed's representatives signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognised the mandates and recognised Hejaz as an independent state.", "title": "Mehmed VI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "title": "Libya" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.", "title": "Ottoman Tripolitania" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829). By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the \"sick man\" by Europeans. The suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia and Montenegro – moved towards de jure independence during the 1860s and 1870s.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where Ottoman forces sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) met the fleet of the Holy League sailing east from Messina, Sicily. The Holy League was a coalition of European Catholic maritime states arranged by Pope Pius V and led by Adm. John of Austria, as agreed between Philip II of Spain -- who largely financed the League -- and the Venetian Republic (main contributor of ships).", "title": "Battle of Lepanto" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day. The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to numerous international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably it is not part of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area. However the country does participate in the Schengen Area and the EU's single market through a number of bilateral treaties.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.", "title": "Crimean War" } ]	When did the country seizing Libya in 1911 from the main empire of Ottoman era in the history of the country having Rila join the allies in ww2?	September 1943	[]	Title: Mehmed VI Passage: The First World War was a disaster for the Ottoman Empire. British and allied forces had conquered Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Ottoman Empire was divided amongst the European allies. At the San Remo conference of April 1920, the French were granted a mandate over Syria and the British were granted one over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On 10 August 1920, Mehmed's representatives signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognised the mandates and recognised Hejaz as an independent state. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941. Title: Central Powers Passage: The Central Powers (German: Mittelmächte; Hungarian: Központi hatalmak; Turkish: İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; Bulgarian: Централни сили, translit. Tsentralni sili), consisting of Germany, Austria - Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria -- hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (German: Vierbund) -- was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914 -- 18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria - Hungary in 1879. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War I had begun, although the Ottoman Empire retained close relations with both Germany and Austria - Hungary since the beginning of the 20th century. Title: Western Allied invasion of Germany Passage: The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. This is known as the ``Central Europe Campaign ''in United States military histories. Title: Switzerland Passage: The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day. The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to numerous international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably it is not part of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area. However the country does participate in the Schengen Area and the EU's single market through a number of bilateral treaties. Title: Kansas Museum of History Passage: The Kansas Museum of History in Topeka, Kansas, USA, is the state history museum. It presents Kansas history from the prehistoric to modern eras in of exhibits. The galleries feature a train (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe locomotive with two cars), full-sized tipi in the Southern Cheyenne style, a 1950s diner, and many other large features. Major topics covered in the main gallery include Native American tribal history, westward movement on the Oregon and Santa Fe trails, early settlers, the Bleeding Kansas and Civil War eras, and Populism at the turn of the 20th century. Title: Rila, Bulgaria Passage: Rila (, pronounced ) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, in Rila Municipality, part of Kyustendil Province. It is the administrative centre of Rila Municipality, which lies in the southeastern part of Kyustendil Province. Title: Reconstruction era Passage: The term Reconstruction Era, in the context of the history of the United States, has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War (1861 to 1865); the second sense focuses on the attempted transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress, from states with economies dependent upon slavery, to states in which former slaves were citizens with civil rights. With the three Reconstruction Amendments, the era saw the first amendments to the U.S. Constitution in decades. Title: Crimean War Passage: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection. Title: Battle of Lepanto Passage: The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where Ottoman forces sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) met the fleet of the Holy League sailing east from Messina, Sicily. The Holy League was a coalition of European Catholic maritime states arranged by Pope Pius V and led by Adm. John of Austria, as agreed between Philip II of Spain -- who largely financed the League -- and the Venetian Republic (main contributor of ships). Title: Libya Passage: Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya. Title: Mendy Samstein Passage: Born in Manhattan, he majored in European history at Brandeis, and later earned a master's degree in the same subject from Cornell. He was studying for a Ph.D. in history at the University of Chicago when he quit to join the civil rights movement in the South. He became a full-time organizer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced "snick"). Stokely Carmichael, later chairman of SNCC, called Samstein "one in a million". Title: 2014 European Cross Country Championships Passage: The 2014 European Cross Country Championships was the 21st edition of the cross country running competition for European athletes which was held in Samokov, Bulgaria, on 14 December 2014. The events were hosted at Borovets – a winter sports and ski resort in the Rila mountains. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829). By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the "sick man" by Europeans. The suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia and Montenegro – moved towards de jure independence during the 1860s and 1870s. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941. Title: Military history of Italy during World War II Passage: Some 28 Italian divisions participated in the Balkan invasions. The coast of Yugoslavia was occupied by the Italian Army, while the rest of the country was divided between the Axis forces (a German and Italian puppet State of Croatia was created, under the nominal sovereignty of Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, but actually governed by the Croatian fascist Ante Pavelić). The Italians assumed control of most of Greece with their 11th Army, while the Bulgarians occupied the northern provinces and the Germans the strategically most important areas. Italian troops would occupy parts of Greece and Yugoslavia until the Italian armistice with the Allies in September 1943. Title: Ottoman Bulgaria Passage: The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. In 1885 the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of the Bulgarian Tsar. Bulgaria declared independence in 1908. Title: Muammar Gaddafi Passage: Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya. In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power. On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be "the legitimate representative of the Libyan state", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League. Title: World War II Passage: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Title: Ottoman Tripolitania Passage: As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.	[ "Ottoman Bulgaria", "Rila, Bulgaria", "Military history of Italy during World War II", "Ottoman Tripolitania" ]
2hop__323645_158398	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lester Cove () is a cove forming the southernmost part of Andvord Bay, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for Maxime Charles Lester (1891–1957), who, with Thomas W. Bagshawe, wintered at nearby Waterboat Point in 1921.", "title": "Lester Cove" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lennon Glacier () is a glacier flowing southwest into the outer part of Lazarev Bay, in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1975–76, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after BAS glaciologist Peter Wilfred Lennon, who worked on Alexander Island, 1974–76.", "title": "Lennon Glacier" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal Sound () is a sound in Antarctica between the southern part of the Biscoe Islands and the coast of Graham Land, with northern limit Cape Evensen to Cape Leblond and southern limit Holdfast Point, Roux Island, Liard Island and the Sillard Islands. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 because many features in the sound are named for men who have undertaken research on the structure of ice crystals.", "title": "Crystal Sound" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rural Municipality of Cartier is part of the Central Plains Region in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is named after Sir George-Étienne Cartier who was a leader in bringing Quebec into Confederation.", "title": "Rural Municipality of Cartier" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A codice_1 clause in SQL specifies that an SQL codice_2 statement should only return rows where aggregate values meet the specified conditions. It was added to the SQL language because the codice_3 keyword could not be used with aggregate functions.", "title": "Having (SQL)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katniss Everdeen is a fictional interoperation of the real life Katniss Everdeen who is the president of South Africa and the protagonist of The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. Her name comes from a plant with edible tubers called Sagittaria (katniss), from Sagittarius the Archer, whose name means He that throws arrows in Latin. She is portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence in the film adaptations The Hunger Games, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 1, and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2.", "title": "Katniss Everdeen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rubenids () or Roupenids were an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, the Armenian prince Ruben I. The Rubenids were princes, later kings, of Cilicia from around 1080 until they were surpassed by the Hethumids in the mid-thirteenth century.", "title": "Rubenids" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hales Peak () is a peak rising from the northeast shoulder of Mount Cabeza in the northeast part of Brabant Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos taken by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd, 1956–57, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the Englishman Stephen Hales, curate of Teddington, who first estimated blood pressure, and made important advances in hygiene.", "title": "Hales Peak" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McCallum Pass () is a pass between the northeast ridge of Mount Mangin and the ridge on the south side of Stonehouse Bay, in the southern part of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Hugh C.G. McCallum (b.1937) of the British Antarctic Survey, who with A. Crouch first traversed the pass in 1961.", "title": "McCallum Pass" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barton Peninsula is a small peninsula separating Marian Cove and Potter Cove at the southwest end of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Colin Barton, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey geologist who worked in this part of King George Island, 1959-61.", "title": "Barton Peninsula" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windmills of the Gods is a 1988 American two-part television miniseries directed by Lee Philips and starring Jaclyn Smith and Robert Wagner. It is based on the novel of the same name written by Sidney Sheldon, who also served as executive producer. It was broadcast in two parts by CBS on February 7, 1988 and February 9, 1988. It was the fifth miniseries based on a Sheldon's book, and the third adaptation starred by Jaclyn Smith.", "title": "Windmills of the Gods (miniseries)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Heine is a hill, high, in the northern part of White Island, in the Ross Archipelago, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) for A.J. Heine, the leader of their party who visited White Island. Heine, who climbed this hill, spent four summers and one winter in Antarctica, mostly in the McMurdo Sound area.", "title": "Mount Heine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charpentier Pyramid () is a pyramid-shaped peak rising to in the northwest part of the Herbert Mountains, Shackleton Range. In association with the names of glacial geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Jean de Charpentier, a Swiss engineer and mineralogist who in 1835 gave additional proof on the former extension of glaciers.", "title": "Charpentier Pyramid" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kids Wish Network was founded in 1997 as the \"Fulfill a Wish Foundation\" by Mark Breiner, his wife Shelley Breiner and Shelley's mother Barbara Askin in honor of Shelley's father, who died of cancer in 1993. In 1998, the company's name was changed to \"Kids Wish Network\" as part of a settlement after the Make-A-Wish Foundation sued the organization on the premise that it had a confusingly similar name.", "title": "Kids Wish Network" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ñuflo de Chávez is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department and is situated in the northern central parts of the department. The name of the province honors the conquistador Ñuflo de Chaves (1518–1556) who founded the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Its capital is Concepción. The province was created by law of September 16, 1915, during the presidency of Ismael Montes. Originally it was part of the Chiquitos Province.", "title": "Ñuflo de Chávez Province" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Gunner () is a partially snow-covered peak, high, that rises from the southern part of the Morris Heights in the Queen Alexandra Range of Antarctica. The peak was examined by the Ohio State University Geological Party, 1967–68, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for John D. Gunner, a geologist who was a member of the party to this and other Antarctic localities in three summer seasons, 1967–70.", "title": "Mount Gunner" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MySQL ( \"My S-Q-L\") is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of \"My\", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and \"SQL\", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language.", "title": "MySQL" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Melville Highlands () are an ice-covered upland rising to about and forming the central part of Laurie Island between Pirie Peninsula and the south coast, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. The name derives from James Weddell's map of 1825 whereon the name \"Melville Island\" appears for the already named Laurie Island; it was given for Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, who was First Lord of the Admiralty, 1812–27 and 1828–30, including the period of Antarctic exploration by Weddell. To preserve the name in this area it was applied to these highlands by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1987.", "title": "Melville Highlands" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Białołęka (, from \"biały\" - \"white\" and \"łąka\" - \"meadow\") is one of 18 districts of Warsaw, located in the northern part of the city. Until October 27, 2002 Białołęka was a gmina. The name \"Białołęka\" comes from a nobleman Białołęcki, who bought the area before the First World War.", "title": "Białołęka" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"O-Parts Hunter\" manga series, known as \"666 Satan\" in Japan, features a cast of characters created by Seishi Kishimoto. Set in the near future, it tells the story of a teenage girl named Ruby Crescent who wants to become a treasure hunter, following in the footsteps of her father. Her objective is to find O-Parts, ancient relics that can only be used by O.P.T.s (O-Part Tacticians), people who are able to release their Spirit and focus it into an O-Part to activate a special Effect, usually of a fantastic nature. She meets a mysterious boy named Jio Freed who, due to having a dark, lonely past, seeks to conquer the world. Jio is hostile to her at first but ends up traveling with Ruby as her bodyguard.", "title": "List of O-Parts Hunter characters" } ]	The programming language with the HAVING function, is named after whom?	Michael Widenius's daughter	[ "Michael Widenius" ]	Title: Mount Heine Passage: Mount Heine is a hill, high, in the northern part of White Island, in the Ross Archipelago, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) for A.J. Heine, the leader of their party who visited White Island. Heine, who climbed this hill, spent four summers and one winter in Antarctica, mostly in the McMurdo Sound area. Title: Mount Gunner Passage: Mount Gunner () is a partially snow-covered peak, high, that rises from the southern part of the Morris Heights in the Queen Alexandra Range of Antarctica. The peak was examined by the Ohio State University Geological Party, 1967–68, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for John D. Gunner, a geologist who was a member of the party to this and other Antarctic localities in three summer seasons, 1967–70. Title: Ñuflo de Chávez Province Passage: Ñuflo de Chávez is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department and is situated in the northern central parts of the department. The name of the province honors the conquistador Ñuflo de Chaves (1518–1556) who founded the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Its capital is Concepción. The province was created by law of September 16, 1915, during the presidency of Ismael Montes. Originally it was part of the Chiquitos Province. Title: Crystal Sound Passage: Crystal Sound () is a sound in Antarctica between the southern part of the Biscoe Islands and the coast of Graham Land, with northern limit Cape Evensen to Cape Leblond and southern limit Holdfast Point, Roux Island, Liard Island and the Sillard Islands. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 because many features in the sound are named for men who have undertaken research on the structure of ice crystals. Title: Lester Cove Passage: Lester Cove () is a cove forming the southernmost part of Andvord Bay, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for Maxime Charles Lester (1891–1957), who, with Thomas W. Bagshawe, wintered at nearby Waterboat Point in 1921. Title: Rural Municipality of Cartier Passage: Rural Municipality of Cartier is part of the Central Plains Region in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is named after Sir George-Étienne Cartier who was a leader in bringing Quebec into Confederation. Title: Windmills of the Gods (miniseries) Passage: Windmills of the Gods is a 1988 American two-part television miniseries directed by Lee Philips and starring Jaclyn Smith and Robert Wagner. It is based on the novel of the same name written by Sidney Sheldon, who also served as executive producer. It was broadcast in two parts by CBS on February 7, 1988 and February 9, 1988. It was the fifth miniseries based on a Sheldon's book, and the third adaptation starred by Jaclyn Smith. Title: Rubenids Passage: The Rubenids () or Roupenids were an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, the Armenian prince Ruben I. The Rubenids were princes, later kings, of Cilicia from around 1080 until they were surpassed by the Hethumids in the mid-thirteenth century. Title: MySQL Passage: MySQL ( "My S-Q-L") is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. Title: Melville Highlands Passage: The Melville Highlands () are an ice-covered upland rising to about and forming the central part of Laurie Island between Pirie Peninsula and the south coast, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. The name derives from James Weddell's map of 1825 whereon the name "Melville Island" appears for the already named Laurie Island; it was given for Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, who was First Lord of the Admiralty, 1812–27 and 1828–30, including the period of Antarctic exploration by Weddell. To preserve the name in this area it was applied to these highlands by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1987. Title: Lennon Glacier Passage: Lennon Glacier () is a glacier flowing southwest into the outer part of Lazarev Bay, in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1975–76, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after BAS glaciologist Peter Wilfred Lennon, who worked on Alexander Island, 1974–76. Title: Barton Peninsula Passage: Barton Peninsula is a small peninsula separating Marian Cove and Potter Cove at the southwest end of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Colin Barton, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey geologist who worked in this part of King George Island, 1959-61. Title: List of O-Parts Hunter characters Passage: The "O-Parts Hunter" manga series, known as "666 Satan" in Japan, features a cast of characters created by Seishi Kishimoto. Set in the near future, it tells the story of a teenage girl named Ruby Crescent who wants to become a treasure hunter, following in the footsteps of her father. Her objective is to find O-Parts, ancient relics that can only be used by O.P.T.s (O-Part Tacticians), people who are able to release their Spirit and focus it into an O-Part to activate a special Effect, usually of a fantastic nature. She meets a mysterious boy named Jio Freed who, due to having a dark, lonely past, seeks to conquer the world. Jio is hostile to her at first but ends up traveling with Ruby as her bodyguard. Title: McCallum Pass Passage: McCallum Pass () is a pass between the northeast ridge of Mount Mangin and the ridge on the south side of Stonehouse Bay, in the southern part of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Hugh C.G. McCallum (b.1937) of the British Antarctic Survey, who with A. Crouch first traversed the pass in 1961. Title: Having (SQL) Passage: A codice_1 clause in SQL specifies that an SQL codice_2 statement should only return rows where aggregate values meet the specified conditions. It was added to the SQL language because the codice_3 keyword could not be used with aggregate functions. Title: Katniss Everdeen Passage: Katniss Everdeen is a fictional interoperation of the real life Katniss Everdeen who is the president of South Africa and the protagonist of The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. Her name comes from a plant with edible tubers called Sagittaria (katniss), from Sagittarius the Archer, whose name means He that throws arrows in Latin. She is portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence in the film adaptations The Hunger Games, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 1, and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2. Title: Kids Wish Network Passage: The Kids Wish Network was founded in 1997 as the "Fulfill a Wish Foundation" by Mark Breiner, his wife Shelley Breiner and Shelley's mother Barbara Askin in honor of Shelley's father, who died of cancer in 1993. In 1998, the company's name was changed to "Kids Wish Network" as part of a settlement after the Make-A-Wish Foundation sued the organization on the premise that it had a confusingly similar name. Title: Charpentier Pyramid Passage: Charpentier Pyramid () is a pyramid-shaped peak rising to in the northwest part of the Herbert Mountains, Shackleton Range. In association with the names of glacial geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Jean de Charpentier, a Swiss engineer and mineralogist who in 1835 gave additional proof on the former extension of glaciers. Title: Hales Peak Passage: Hales Peak () is a peak rising from the northeast shoulder of Mount Cabeza in the northeast part of Brabant Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos taken by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd, 1956–57, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the Englishman Stephen Hales, curate of Teddington, who first estimated blood pressure, and made important advances in hygiene. Title: Białołęka Passage: Białołęka (, from "biały" - "white" and "łąka" - "meadow") is one of 18 districts of Warsaw, located in the northern part of the city. Until October 27, 2002 Białołęka was a gmina. The name "Białołęka" comes from a nobleman Białołęcki, who bought the area before the First World War.	[ "Having (SQL)", "MySQL" ]
2hop__128716_445471	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bush Lake is located in the southwest corner of the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota, near its border with Eden Prairie in Hennepin County. It has an area of and a maximum depth of . The lake contains many fish, but primarily Bluegill, Northern Pike, Pumpkinseed Sunfish, Yellow Bullhead, Yellow Perch.", "title": "Bush Lake (Hennepin County, Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orenburgsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 74,404 (2010 Census);", "title": "Orenburgsky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Surgutsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Surgut (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 113,515 (2010 Census);", "title": "Surgutsky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Podolsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast just south of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Podolsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 82,488 (2010 Census);", "title": "Podolsky District" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WZND-LP (103.3 MHz FM) is a low-power FM radio station licensed for Bloomington, McLean County, Illinois, United States. The station is staffed by students of Illinois State University and airs music from genres including rock, hip-hop, classic, pop, and country.", "title": "WZND-LP" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nefteyugansky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the south of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Nefteyugansk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 44,815 (2010 Census);", "title": "Nefteyugansky District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "LP 816-60 is a red dwarf star of spectral type M4, located in constellation Capricornus at 18.6 light-years from Earth.", "title": "LP 816-60" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Starokostiantyniv Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a \"district\") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Starokostiantyniv. Its population was 37,459 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 30,448 as of 2012.", "title": "Starokostiantyniv Raion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population:", "title": "Henichesk Raion" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khmelnytskyi Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a \"district\") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Khmelnytskyi. Even though the city of Khmelnytskyi is separate from the raion's government, it still serves as its administrative center in addition to its role as that of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast's administrative center. Its population was 53,686 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 52,906 .", "title": "Khmelnytskyi Raion" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yeletsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eighteen in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Yelets (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 29,627 (2002 Census);", "title": "Yeletsky District" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cangxi County () is a county of northeastern Sichuan Province, China, located along the upper reaches of the Jialing River. It is under the administration of Guangyuan City.", "title": "Cangxi County" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Perm (;) is a city and the administrative centre of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains.", "title": "Perm" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" } ]	What region is the city encompassing WZND-LP located?	Hennepin County	[ "Hennepin County, Minnesota" ]	Title: Orenburgsky District Passage: Orenburgsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 74,404 (2010 Census); Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Perm Passage: Perm (;) is a city and the administrative centre of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: LP 816-60 Passage: LP 816-60 is a red dwarf star of spectral type M4, located in constellation Capricornus at 18.6 light-years from Earth. Title: Starokostiantyniv Raion Passage: Starokostiantyniv Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a "district") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Starokostiantyniv. Its population was 37,459 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 30,448 as of 2012. Title: Khmelnytskyi Raion Passage: Khmelnytskyi Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a "district") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Khmelnytskyi. Even though the city of Khmelnytskyi is separate from the raion's government, it still serves as its administrative center in addition to its role as that of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast's administrative center. Its population was 53,686 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 52,906 . Title: Nefteyugansky District Passage: Nefteyugansky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the south of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Nefteyugansk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 44,815 (2010 Census); Title: Bush Lake (Hennepin County, Minnesota) Passage: Bush Lake is located in the southwest corner of the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota, near its border with Eden Prairie in Hennepin County. It has an area of and a maximum depth of . The lake contains many fish, but primarily Bluegill, Northern Pike, Pumpkinseed Sunfish, Yellow Bullhead, Yellow Perch. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Henichesk Raion Passage: Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population: Title: WZND-LP Passage: WZND-LP (103.3 MHz FM) is a low-power FM radio station licensed for Bloomington, McLean County, Illinois, United States. The station is staffed by students of Illinois State University and airs music from genres including rock, hip-hop, classic, pop, and country. Title: Podolsky District Passage: Podolsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast just south of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Podolsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 82,488 (2010 Census); Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Cangxi County Passage: Cangxi County () is a county of northeastern Sichuan Province, China, located along the upper reaches of the Jialing River. It is under the administration of Guangyuan City. Title: Yeletsky District Passage: Yeletsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eighteen in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Yelets (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 29,627 (2002 Census); Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Surgutsky District Passage: Surgutsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Surgut (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 113,515 (2010 Census);	[ "Bush Lake (Hennepin County, Minnesota)", "WZND-LP" ]
3hop1__835094_770122_725834	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia.", "title": "James Millner (doctor)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rocca was raised in Sterling Heights. On his website he says that he first became involved as a volunteer in political campaigns in the 1970s, indicating he was helping to elect his father Sal to office at least by the time he was five.", "title": "Tory Rocca" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj.", "title": "Biłgoraj County" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sue Rocca (born 1949) is a former member of the Michigan House of Representatives who currently serves as a member of the Macomb County Commission. She is the wife of Sal Rocca, another former member of the Michigan House. They are the parents of Tory Rocca who is a currently a member of the Michigan House of Representatives.", "title": "Sue Rocca" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Barbel \"Barb\" Dempsey (January 13, 1948, ) the current mayor of Mount Clemens, Michigan, the county seat of Macomb County. An Independent, she is the city's third female mayor. As mayor, she initiated the Mount Clemens Downtown Program. Via this program, the city's downtown saw massive redevelopment, including repair of the County Building, the tallest structure in the county. She ran unopposed in the 2007 election and won by a massive landslide in the 2009 mayoral election against opponent Steve Ferdig. Dempsey and Mayor Karen Majewski of Hamtramck have been compared, as they are both female mayors of smaller Michigan cities with aging infrastructure and large amounts of urban decay. She also initiated a CCTV camera program.", "title": "Barb Dempsey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sterling Heights is a city in Macomb County of the U.S. state of Michigan, and one of Detroit's core suburbs. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 129,699. It is the second largest suburb in Metro Detroit, and the fourth largest city in Michigan. Sterling Heights consistently ranks as the safest city in Michigan with population of over 100,000.", "title": "Sterling Heights, Michigan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "title": "Pettai, Karaikal" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "title": "Pak Tam Chung" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" } ]	What city is found in the county that holds the birthplace of Tory Rocca?	Mount Clemens	[ "Mount Clemens, Michigan" ]	Title: Biłgoraj County Passage: Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj. Title: Pettai, Karaikal Passage: Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Marussia Motors Passage: In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading. Title: Barb Dempsey Passage: Barbel "Barb" Dempsey (January 13, 1948, ) the current mayor of Mount Clemens, Michigan, the county seat of Macomb County. An Independent, she is the city's third female mayor. As mayor, she initiated the Mount Clemens Downtown Program. Via this program, the city's downtown saw massive redevelopment, including repair of the County Building, the tallest structure in the county. She ran unopposed in the 2007 election and won by a massive landslide in the 2009 mayoral election against opponent Steve Ferdig. Dempsey and Mayor Karen Majewski of Hamtramck have been compared, as they are both female mayors of smaller Michigan cities with aging infrastructure and large amounts of urban decay. She also initiated a CCTV camera program. Title: James Millner (doctor) Passage: James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Sterling Heights, Michigan Passage: Sterling Heights is a city in Macomb County of the U.S. state of Michigan, and one of Detroit's core suburbs. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 129,699. It is the second largest suburb in Metro Detroit, and the fourth largest city in Michigan. Sterling Heights consistently ranks as the safest city in Michigan with population of over 100,000. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Tory Rocca Passage: Rocca was raised in Sterling Heights. On his website he says that he first became involved as a volunteer in political campaigns in the 1970s, indicating he was helping to elect his father Sal to office at least by the time he was five. Title: Sue Rocca Passage: Sue Rocca (born 1949) is a former member of the Michigan House of Representatives who currently serves as a member of the Macomb County Commission. She is the wife of Sal Rocca, another former member of the Michigan House. They are the parents of Tory Rocca who is a currently a member of the Michigan House of Representatives. Title: Republic of Užice Passage: The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice. Title: Pak Tam Chung Passage: Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District. Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Territories of the United States Passage: Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.	[ "Tory Rocca", "Barb Dempsey", "Sterling Heights, Michigan" ]
3hop1__204168_9522_31210	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benapur is a village in Bagnan-II Block, Howrah District, West Bengal. Its location, beside the Rupnarayana River, has made it to an wonderful place for picnic. Its Geographic location is .", "title": "Benapur" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Located on an isolated hillock in Vallanadu Village of Srivaikundam Taluk, it is the southernmost place in India where a natural population of blackbuck exists.", "title": "Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Furrer was born in Zermatt. He became a world champion in the combined event, received a silver medal in the slalom and a bronze medal in the downhill in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1932. He was killed in an accident on the Matterhorn.", "title": "Otto Furrer" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Center for Architecture is located in the neighborhood of Greenwich Village at 536 LaGuardia Place, between West 3rd Street and Bleecker Street in Manhattan, New York City. In recent years, the center, operated by the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, has become an increasingly important cultural institution through its revolving exhibits on architecture, urban planning, urban design, and environmental planning. The center also offers an extensive calendar of seminars, public feedback forums, project unveilings, and educational programs, as well as events and changing exhibitions.", "title": "Center for Architecture" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Georgiaville is a village in Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The village was named after the Georgia Cotton Manufacturing Company mill located in the area. The Georgiaville Pond Beach is located in the village and is a popular recreation spot. In the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan was active in the area, and Klan rallies were held in Georgiaville. The village, which has retained many features of its origin as a mid-19th century mill village including the mill complex and several blocks of mill worker housing, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Georgiaville is also where Smithfield's town hall is located.", "title": "Georgiaville, Rhode Island" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard C. Anderson (born 1934) is an American educational psychologist who has published influential research on children's reading, vocabulary growth, and story discussions that promote thinking. He is the director of the Center for the Study of Reading and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Anderson is a past president of the American Educational Research Association.", "title": "Richard C. Anderson" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Windham is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. It is located within the town of Windham, Connecticut. The population was 1,278 at the 2000 census.", "title": "South Windham, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Village Inn is located in Englishtown, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1732 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1972.", "title": "Village Inn (Englishtown, New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto Tucker, (October 4, 1923 – October 6, 2015) was a Canadian heritage activist. He was a recipient of the Order of Canada for his work in heritage affairs and the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador for his efforts that have made significant contributions to both the educational and cultural sectors of the province.", "title": "Otto Tucker" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mehergaon is a small village in India, located in the north-west region of the state of Maharashtra. It is abounded by various places like Amalgaon on the East, Pingalwade on the West, Gandhali on the North and Ninbhora on the South.", "title": "Mehergaon" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Filming of the television series took place in the Derbyshire village of Hadfield, located in a Pennines valley. The ``Local Shop ''is a purpose - built building on nearby Marsden Moor.", "title": "The League of Gentlemen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan.", "title": "Two Thousand Acres of Sky" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belongs to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Hazarawal Pashtuns, He is fluent in Hindko and Pashto. He is the son of former President Field Marshal Ayub Khan and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential election. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was given a commission in Pakistan Army in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of Captain, he established a business conglomerate and entered in politics in 1974.", "title": "Gohar Ayub Khan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heron is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sanders County, Montana, named for the village of Heron which is located within it. The population of the entire CDP was 149 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Heron, Montana" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Harwich is a village in the town of Harwich in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The village is located within the census-designated place of Northwest Harwich.", "title": "North Harwich, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands.", "title": "Nikitaras" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dromineer () is a small village and townland in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is situated on the shores of Lough Derg on the River Shannon. The village is located 10 km north of Nenagh on the R495 road. It is a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower. Historic documents describe the places as \"Dromynnyre\".", "title": "Dromineer" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mokshagundam Viswesvarayya was born on 15 September 1861 in Muddenahalli village (now located in Chikkaballapura District, but part of Kolar district at the time of his birth) in the princely state of Mysore (now Karnataka), India. His father, Mokshagundam Srinivasa Sastry, was a school teacher and a noted Sanskrit scholar, while his mother, Venkatalakshamma, was a homemaker. His parents were from Mokshagundam, a village of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh.", "title": "M. Visvesvaraya" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain.", "title": "Alps" } ]	Who is the person who influential in education and is from the country where the village of Wengen and the village where Otto Furrer was born?	Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi	[]	Title: Center for Architecture Passage: The Center for Architecture is located in the neighborhood of Greenwich Village at 536 LaGuardia Place, between West 3rd Street and Bleecker Street in Manhattan, New York City. In recent years, the center, operated by the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, has become an increasingly important cultural institution through its revolving exhibits on architecture, urban planning, urban design, and environmental planning. The center also offers an extensive calendar of seminars, public feedback forums, project unveilings, and educational programs, as well as events and changing exhibitions. Title: Otto Tucker Passage: Otto Tucker, (October 4, 1923 – October 6, 2015) was a Canadian heritage activist. He was a recipient of the Order of Canada for his work in heritage affairs and the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador for his efforts that have made significant contributions to both the educational and cultural sectors of the province. Title: North Harwich, Massachusetts Passage: North Harwich is a village in the town of Harwich in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The village is located within the census-designated place of Northwest Harwich. Title: Alps Passage: Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain. Title: Nikitaras Passage: The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands. Title: Heron, Montana Passage: Heron is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sanders County, Montana, named for the village of Heron which is located within it. The population of the entire CDP was 149 at the 2000 census. Title: Georgiaville, Rhode Island Passage: Georgiaville is a village in Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The village was named after the Georgia Cotton Manufacturing Company mill located in the area. The Georgiaville Pond Beach is located in the village and is a popular recreation spot. In the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan was active in the area, and Klan rallies were held in Georgiaville. The village, which has retained many features of its origin as a mid-19th century mill village including the mill complex and several blocks of mill worker housing, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Georgiaville is also where Smithfield's town hall is located. Title: Dromineer Passage: Dromineer () is a small village and townland in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is situated on the shores of Lough Derg on the River Shannon. The village is located 10 km north of Nenagh on the R495 road. It is a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower. Historic documents describe the places as "Dromynnyre". Title: Mehergaon Passage: Mehergaon is a small village in India, located in the north-west region of the state of Maharashtra. It is abounded by various places like Amalgaon on the East, Pingalwade on the West, Gandhali on the North and Ninbhora on the South. Title: Richard C. Anderson Passage: Richard C. Anderson (born 1934) is an American educational psychologist who has published influential research on children's reading, vocabulary growth, and story discussions that promote thinking. He is the director of the Center for the Study of Reading and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Anderson is a past president of the American Educational Research Association. Title: Two Thousand Acres of Sky Passage: The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan. Title: South Windham, Connecticut Passage: South Windham is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. It is located within the town of Windham, Connecticut. The population was 1,278 at the 2000 census. Title: Otto Furrer Passage: Furrer was born in Zermatt. He became a world champion in the combined event, received a silver medal in the slalom and a bronze medal in the downhill in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1932. He was killed in an accident on the Matterhorn. Title: Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary Passage: Located on an isolated hillock in Vallanadu Village of Srivaikundam Taluk, it is the southernmost place in India where a natural population of blackbuck exists. Title: Gohar Ayub Khan Passage: Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belongs to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Hazarawal Pashtuns, He is fluent in Hindko and Pashto. He is the son of former President Field Marshal Ayub Khan and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential election. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was given a commission in Pakistan Army in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of Captain, he established a business conglomerate and entered in politics in 1974. Title: M. Visvesvaraya Passage: Mokshagundam Viswesvarayya was born on 15 September 1861 in Muddenahalli village (now located in Chikkaballapura District, but part of Kolar district at the time of his birth) in the princely state of Mysore (now Karnataka), India. His father, Mokshagundam Srinivasa Sastry, was a school teacher and a noted Sanskrit scholar, while his mother, Venkatalakshamma, was a homemaker. His parents were from Mokshagundam, a village of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh. Title: Education Passage: In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich. Title: Village Inn (Englishtown, New Jersey) Passage: Village Inn is located in Englishtown, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1732 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1972. Title: The League of Gentlemen Passage: Filming of the television series took place in the Derbyshire village of Hadfield, located in a Pennines valley. The ``Local Shop ''is a purpose - built building on nearby Marsden Moor. Title: Benapur Passage: Benapur is a village in Bagnan-II Block, Howrah District, West Bengal. Its location, beside the Rupnarayana River, has made it to an wonderful place for picnic. Its Geographic location is .	[ "Otto Furrer", "Education", "Alps" ]
2hop__480872_406192	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medway Township is a township in Hamilton County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 53. It was previously known as Melvern Township.", "title": "Medway Township, Hamilton County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nathaniel Monroe Marshall (June 13, 1854 Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York – February 16, 1935 Malone, Franklin County, New York) was an American banker and politician.", "title": "N. Monroe Marshall" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Derwent is an unincorporated community in central Valley Township, Guernsey County, Ohio, United States. It is located near the southern border of Guernsey and Noble counties.", "title": "Derwent, Ohio" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River.", "title": "Enterprise, Northwest Territories" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Union is an unincorporated community in western West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio, United States on State Route 747 about three miles north of Springdale and three miles southeast of Hamilton. The town was laid out in 1827 by William Elliott alongside the turning basin for the Miami and Erie Canal and was about midway between Crescentville and Hamilton on the canal. It was originally known as McMaken's Bridge, but took the name its township. (West Chester Township was Union Township until 2000). The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad later laid tracks through Port Union.", "title": "Port Union, Ohio" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parkway Pines is an unincorporated community located along the border of Howell Township in Monmouth County and Brick Township in Ocean County, in New Jersey, United States. The Howell area of this community is called Ramtown.", "title": "Parkway Pines, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piopolis is an unincorporated community in Hamilton County, Illinois, United States. Piopolis is located in Crouch Township, south of Belle Prairie City.", "title": "Piopolis, Illinois" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Springfield Township is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 36,319 people in the township. Springfield Township is home to the largest private school in Ohio (St. Xavier High School), the largest lake in Hamilton County (at Winton Woods County Park), and the Cincinnati area's annual Greek Festival (at Holy Trinity-St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church).", "title": "Springfield Township, Hamilton County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Flannigan Township is one of twelve townships in Hamilton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 116 and it contained 74 housing units. It was formed from Flannigan Township.", "title": "South Flannigan Township, Hamilton County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Weston \"Wes\" Retherford (born March 14, 1984) is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He represents the 51st district which comprises Ross Township, Hamilton and Fairfield, all located in Butler County, Ohio.", "title": "Wes Retherford" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flannigan Township is one of twelve townships in Hamilton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 116 and it contained 74 housing units.", "title": "Flannigan Township, Hamilton County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hamilton Township is a township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 10,788 at the 2010 census, up from 8,949 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807.", "title": "Rosedale, Camden" } ]	Which county shares a border with the county where Hamilton Township is located?	Clinton County	[]	Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: Negaunee Township, Michigan Passage: Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous. Title: Port Union, Ohio Passage: Port Union is an unincorporated community in western West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio, United States on State Route 747 about three miles north of Springdale and three miles southeast of Hamilton. The town was laid out in 1827 by William Elliott alongside the turning basin for the Miami and Erie Canal and was about midway between Crescentville and Hamilton on the canal. It was originally known as McMaken's Bridge, but took the name its township. (West Chester Township was Union Township until 2000). The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad later laid tracks through Port Union. Title: Rosedale, Camden Passage: Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807. Title: N. Monroe Marshall Passage: Nathaniel Monroe Marshall (June 13, 1854 Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York – February 16, 1935 Malone, Franklin County, New York) was an American banker and politician. Title: Parkway Pines, New Jersey Passage: Parkway Pines is an unincorporated community located along the border of Howell Township in Monmouth County and Brick Township in Ocean County, in New Jersey, United States. The Howell area of this community is called Ramtown. Title: Flannigan Township, Hamilton County, Illinois Passage: Flannigan Township is one of twelve townships in Hamilton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 116 and it contained 74 housing units. Title: Medway Township, Hamilton County, Kansas Passage: Medway Township is a township in Hamilton County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 53. It was previously known as Melvern Township. Title: South Flannigan Township, Hamilton County, Illinois Passage: South Flannigan Township is one of twelve townships in Hamilton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 116 and it contained 74 housing units. It was formed from Flannigan Township. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Springfield Township, Hamilton County, Ohio Passage: Springfield Township is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 36,319 people in the township. Springfield Township is home to the largest private school in Ohio (St. Xavier High School), the largest lake in Hamilton County (at Winton Woods County Park), and the Cincinnati area's annual Greek Festival (at Holy Trinity-St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church). Title: Derwent, Ohio Passage: Derwent is an unincorporated community in central Valley Township, Guernsey County, Ohio, United States. It is located near the southern border of Guernsey and Noble counties. Title: Piopolis, Illinois Passage: Piopolis is an unincorporated community in Hamilton County, Illinois, United States. Piopolis is located in Crouch Township, south of Belle Prairie City. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Enterprise, Northwest Territories Passage: Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River. Title: Wes Retherford Passage: Richard Weston "Wes" Retherford (born March 14, 1984) is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He represents the 51st district which comprises Ross Township, Hamilton and Fairfield, all located in Butler County, Ohio. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Kingdom of Gera Passage: The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania Passage: Hamilton Township is a township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 10,788 at the 2010 census, up from 8,949 at the 2000 census.	[ "N. Monroe Marshall", "Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania" ]
3hop2__79765_28338_160498	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The March 2012 Damascus bombings were two large car bombs that exploded in front of the air intelligence and criminal security headquarters in the Syrian capital of Damascus. At least 27 people were reported killed and over a 140 injured in the fourth major bombing since the beginning of the uprising and the second in the city. As in previous cases, the opposition blamed the government for orchestrating attacks, while the government placed the blame on terrorists and foreign groups.", "title": "March 2012 Damascus bombings" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rethink Afghanistan is a 2009 documentary by Robert Greenwald and Brave New Films, about the US military presence in Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.", "title": "Rethink Afghanistan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The official investigation concluded that it was organized by the same group as the February 2004 Moscow metro bombing, as well as two previous terrorist attacks on bus stops in Voronezh, southern Russia, in 2004. The deaths included the bomber and her accomplice, Nikolay Kipkeev (Kipkeyev), the head of an Islamic militant group Karachay Jamaat from the republic of Karachay–Cherkessia, as the bomb apparently exploded prematurely while the two were standing in the entrance hall of the metro station.", "title": "August 2004 Moscow Metro bombing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect.", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Petroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves. The kingdom is categorized as a World Bank high-income economy with a high Human Development Index and is the only Arab country to be part of the G-20 major economies. The state has attracted criticism for a variety of reasons including: its archaic treatment of women, its excessive and often extrajudicial use of capital punishment, state-sponsored discrimination against religious minorities and atheists, its role in the Yemeni Civil War, sponsorship of Islamic terrorists, and its strict interpretation of Sharia law. The kingdom has the world's third-highest military expenditure and, according to SIPRI, was the world's second largest arms importer from 2010 to 2014. Saudi Arabia is considered a regional and middle power. In addition to the GCC, it is an active member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC.", "title": "Saudi Arabia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9 / 11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al - Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will \"facilitate\" a \"change of the government,\" i.e., launch a \"bloodless\" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence.", "title": "Islamism" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Manchester Arena bombing was an Islamic terrorist attack in Manchester, United Kingdom. On 22 May 2017 a shrapnel - laden homemade bomb was detonated as people were leaving Manchester Arena following a concert by the American singer Ariana Grande. Twenty - three people were killed, including the attacker, and 250 were injured.", "title": "Manchester Arena bombing" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\"", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh. The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his \"violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel\". Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA. He was then held at multiple CIA secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding. During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he \"was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z\" and that his statement was not made under duress.", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Matzuva attack was a terrorist attack on March 12, 2002 in which two Islamic Jihad militants who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon opened fire on civilian vehicles traveling on the Shlomi-Matzuva road. Six Israelis were killed in the attack and one injured.", "title": "Matzuva attack" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced. One result of this was a campaign of attacks on government officials and tourists in Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack.", "title": "Islamism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he \"will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process.\" He went on to say that \"we should hasten the peace process.\" In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated \"such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries.\" Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated \"we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs.\"", "title": "2007 Samjhauta Express bombings" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abdelkader Belliraj (, ; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco.", "title": "Abdelkader Belliraj" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $19.39 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population, capital investment, moderate unemployment, high consumer spending, a relatively young population, and technological innovation. Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy, with a GDP of about $32 million, because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes.", "title": "List of countries by GDP (nominal)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Attack on Prekaz, also known as the Prekaz massacre, was an operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia on 5 March 1998, to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) fighters deemed terrorists by Serbia. During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members. The attack was criticized by Amnesty International, which wrote in its report that: \"all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but 'to eliminate the suspects and their families.'\" Serbia, on the other hand, claimed the raid was due to KLA attacks on police outposts.", "title": "Attack on Prekaz" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated \"Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy\". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because the actions involved in the \"war on terrorism\" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that \"the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse.\" Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that \"the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage\". Administration officials also described \"terrorists\" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.", "title": "War on Terror" } ]	What were the largest terror attacks against the country with the most powerful economy by the group that Bush said the 'war on terror' begins with?	the 9/11 attacks	[ "9/11", "September 11", "September 11 attacks" ]	Title: War on Terror Passage: The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect. Title: War on Terror Passage: On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, "(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated." Title: March 2012 Damascus bombings Passage: The March 2012 Damascus bombings were two large car bombs that exploded in front of the air intelligence and criminal security headquarters in the Syrian capital of Damascus. At least 27 people were reported killed and over a 140 injured in the fourth major bombing since the beginning of the uprising and the second in the city. As in previous cases, the opposition blamed the government for orchestrating attacks, while the government placed the blame on terrorists and foreign groups. Title: Islamism Passage: These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced. One result of this was a campaign of attacks on government officials and tourists in Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack. Title: Abdelkader Belliraj Passage: Abdelkader Belliraj (, ; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco. Title: War on Terror Passage: Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse." Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage". Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights. Title: August 2004 Moscow Metro bombing Passage: The official investigation concluded that it was organized by the same group as the February 2004 Moscow metro bombing, as well as two previous terrorist attacks on bus stops in Voronezh, southern Russia, in 2004. The deaths included the bomber and her accomplice, Nikolay Kipkeev (Kipkeyev), the head of an Islamic militant group Karachay Jamaat from the republic of Karachay–Cherkessia, as the bomb apparently exploded prematurely while the two were standing in the entrance hall of the metro station. Title: September 11 attacks Passage: Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh. The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel". Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA. He was then held at multiple CIA secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding. During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he "was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z" and that his statement was not made under duress. Title: Paris Passage: On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency. Title: Islamism Passage: HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence. Title: War on Terror Passage: The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed] Title: Military history of the United States Passage: In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups. Title: Saudi Arabia Passage: Petroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves. The kingdom is categorized as a World Bank high-income economy with a high Human Development Index and is the only Arab country to be part of the G-20 major economies. The state has attracted criticism for a variety of reasons including: its archaic treatment of women, its excessive and often extrajudicial use of capital punishment, state-sponsored discrimination against religious minorities and atheists, its role in the Yemeni Civil War, sponsorship of Islamic terrorists, and its strict interpretation of Sharia law. The kingdom has the world's third-highest military expenditure and, according to SIPRI, was the world's second largest arms importer from 2010 to 2014. Saudi Arabia is considered a regional and middle power. In addition to the GCC, it is an active member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. Title: Rethink Afghanistan Passage: Rethink Afghanistan is a 2009 documentary by Robert Greenwald and Brave New Films, about the US military presence in Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Title: 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings Passage: The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he "will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process." He went on to say that "we should hasten the peace process." In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated "such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries." Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated "we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs." Title: List of countries by GDP (nominal) Passage: The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $19.39 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population, capital investment, moderate unemployment, high consumer spending, a relatively young population, and technological innovation. Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy, with a GDP of about $32 million, because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes. Title: Matzuva attack Passage: The Matzuva attack was a terrorist attack on March 12, 2002 in which two Islamic Jihad militants who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon opened fire on civilian vehicles traveling on the Shlomi-Matzuva road. Six Israelis were killed in the attack and one injured. Title: Attack on Prekaz Passage: The Attack on Prekaz, also known as the Prekaz massacre, was an operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia on 5 March 1998, to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) fighters deemed terrorists by Serbia. During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members. The attack was criticized by Amnesty International, which wrote in its report that: "all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but 'to eliminate the suspects and their families.'" Serbia, on the other hand, claimed the raid was due to KLA attacks on police outposts. Title: Manchester Arena bombing Passage: The 2017 Manchester Arena bombing was an Islamic terrorist attack in Manchester, United Kingdom. On 22 May 2017 a shrapnel - laden homemade bomb was detonated as people were leaving Manchester Arena following a concert by the American singer Ariana Grande. Twenty - three people were killed, including the attacker, and 250 were injured. Title: September 11 attacks Passage: The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9 / 11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al - Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.	[ "War on Terror", "September 11 attacks", "List of countries by GDP (nominal)" ]
2hop__25985_13399	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UTF-16) and later moved to UTF-16 (the variable-width current standard), as this was the least disruptive way to add support for non-BMP characters. The best known such system is Windows NT (and its descendants, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7), which uses UTF-16 as the sole internal character encoding. The Java and .NET bytecode environments, Mac OS X, and KDE also use it for internal representation. Unicode is available on Windows 95 through Microsoft Layer for Unicode, as well as on its descendants, Windows 98 and Windows ME.", "title": "Unicode" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 7001 (\"public information symbols\") is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization that defines a set of pictograms and symbols for public information. The latest version, ISO 7001:2007, was published in November 2007.", "title": "ISO 7001" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII.", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell). It also refers to the learning process that results from this pairing, through which the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response (e.g. salivation) that is usually similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus. These basic facts, which require many qualifications (see below), were first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov through experiments with dogs. Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the foundation of behaviorism, a school of psychology which was dominant in the mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of psychological therapy and the study of animal behavior. Classical conditioning is a basic learning process, and its neural substrates are now beginning to be understood.", "title": "Classical conditioning" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When dialling from outside Australia, after dialling the appropriate International Access Code it is necessary to dial the Country Code for Australia (61) followed by the nine digit ``National 'Significant' Number ''. (The + symbol is used to represent International Access Code, e.g. + 61 3 xxxx xxxx for a number in Victoria / Tasmania or + 61 4xx xxx xxx for a`` Mobile'' number). Some numbers beginning with a 1 may be dialled without any replacement, after dialling the required International Access Code and the Country Code for Australia (+ 61). (see below)", "title": "Telephone numbers in Australia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven - bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. Ninety - five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, and punctuation symbols. In addition, the original ASCII specification included 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype machines; most of these are now obsolete.", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO/IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£). Almost every country needed an adapted version of ASCII, since ASCII suited the needs of only the USA and a few other countries. For example, Canada had its own version that supported French characters. Other adapted encodings include ISCII (India), VISCII (Vietnam), and YUSCII (Yugoslavia). Although these encodings are sometimes referred to as ASCII, true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard.", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.", "title": "Sanskrit" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the middle of the 19th century onwards, trade, industry and tourism gained momentum. Nevertheless, until the middle of the 20th century, agriculture dominated the canton. Today a great number of small and middle-sized businesses dominate the economy. The largest employer is the airplane constructor Pilatus. The small and middle-sized businesses work in a wide range of areas. Many specialize in machine construction, medical equipment, international trade, optics and electronics.", "title": "Canton of Nidwalden" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For example, character 10 represents the \"line feed\" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents \"backspace\". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the control characters that prescribe elementary line-oriented formatting, ASCII does not define any mechanism for describing the structure or appearance of text within a document. Other schemes, such as markup languages, address page and document layout and formatting.", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baudot code , invented by Émile Baudot, is a character set predating EBCDIC and ASCII. It was the predecessor to the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2), the teleprinter code in use until the advent of ASCII. Each character in the alphabet is represented by a series of five bits, sent over a communication channel such as a telegraph wire or a radio signal. The symbol rate measurement is known as baud, and is derived from the same name.", "title": "Baudot code" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 5776, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is an international standard that specifies symbols for proofreading such as of manuscripts, typescripts and printer's proofs. The total number of symbols specified is 16, each in English, French and Russian.", "title": "ISO 5776" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the then - prime minister of India Atal Behari Vajpayee. The Assam Tribune has reported that the scheme has started to change the lifestyle of many villagers as it has resulted in new roads and upgrade of certain inter-village routes in Manipur.", "title": "Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The photosynthesis process in chloroplasts begins when an electron of P680 of PSII attains a higher - energy level. This energy is used to reduce a chain of electron acceptors that have subsequently lowered redox - potentials. This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches PS I, an electron is again excited, creating a high redox - potential. The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the z - scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter z.", "title": "Light-dependent reactions" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for \"national use.\" However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points.", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 6 December 2017, US President Donald Trump said that he would recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital and begin the process of moving the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. This was a departure from previous Security Council resolutions and prevailing international norms (where no state either recognises Jerusalem as a national capital nor has an embassy there).", "title": "United Nations General Assembly resolution ES-10/L.22" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information such as written language. Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols. To include all these, and control characters compatible with the Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique (CCITT) International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2) standard, Fieldata, and early EBCDIC, more than 64 codes were required for ASCII.", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Age Pension was the first payment made by the Commonwealth Government, dating back to 1909. It is available to persons aged 65 years and over. The eligibility age is currently being progressively increased to a cap of 67 years old. Except for the mandatory superannuation scheme, workers do not contribute to a pension or insurance scheme in Australia, unlike pension schemes in many other countries. Taxpayer - funded pensions are means tested.", "title": "Social security in Australia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such as the escape sequence. His British colleague Hugh McGregor Ross helped to popularize this work – according to Bemer, \"so much so that the code that was to become ASCII was first called the Bemer-Ross Code in Europe\". Because of his extensive work on ASCII, Bemer has been called \"the father of ASCII.\"", "title": "ASCII" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequence of characters. Even more importantly, forward compatibility is ensured as software that recognizes only 7-bit ASCII characters as special and does not alter bytes with the highest bit set (as is often done to support 8-bit ASCII extensions such as ISO-8859-1) will preserve UTF-8 data unchanged.", "title": "ASCII" } ]	How many symbols are the same in the beginning of ASCII and the dominant scheme for internal processing?	128 symbols	[]	Title: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Passage: This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the then - prime minister of India Atal Behari Vajpayee. The Assam Tribune has reported that the scheme has started to change the lifestyle of many villagers as it has resulted in new roads and upgrade of certain inter-village routes in Manipur. Title: Light-dependent reactions Passage: The photosynthesis process in chloroplasts begins when an electron of P680 of PSII attains a higher - energy level. This energy is used to reduce a chain of electron acceptors that have subsequently lowered redox - potentials. This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches PS I, an electron is again excited, creating a high redox - potential. The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the z - scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter z. Title: ASCII Passage: ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII. Title: ASCII Passage: From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for "national use." However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points. Title: Classical conditioning Passage: Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell). It also refers to the learning process that results from this pairing, through which the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response (e.g. salivation) that is usually similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus. These basic facts, which require many qualifications (see below), were first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov through experiments with dogs. Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the foundation of behaviorism, a school of psychology which was dominant in the mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of psychological therapy and the study of animal behavior. Classical conditioning is a basic learning process, and its neural substrates are now beginning to be understood. Title: Sanskrit Passage: Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support. Title: Social security in Australia Passage: The Age Pension was the first payment made by the Commonwealth Government, dating back to 1909. It is available to persons aged 65 years and over. The eligibility age is currently being progressively increased to a cap of 67 years old. Except for the mandatory superannuation scheme, workers do not contribute to a pension or insurance scheme in Australia, unlike pension schemes in many other countries. Taxpayer - funded pensions are means tested. Title: Telephone numbers in Australia Passage: When dialling from outside Australia, after dialling the appropriate International Access Code it is necessary to dial the Country Code for Australia (61) followed by the nine digit ``National 'Significant' Number ''. (The + symbol is used to represent International Access Code, e.g. + 61 3 xxxx xxxx for a number in Victoria / Tasmania or + 61 4xx xxx xxx for a`` Mobile'' number). Some numbers beginning with a 1 may be dialled without any replacement, after dialling the required International Access Code and the Country Code for Australia (+ 61). (see below) Title: Baudot code Passage: The Baudot code , invented by Émile Baudot, is a character set predating EBCDIC and ASCII. It was the predecessor to the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2), the teleprinter code in use until the advent of ASCII. Each character in the alphabet is represented by a series of five bits, sent over a communication channel such as a telegraph wire or a radio signal. The symbol rate measurement is known as baud, and is derived from the same name. Title: ISO 5776 Passage: ISO 5776, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is an international standard that specifies symbols for proofreading such as of manuscripts, typescripts and printer's proofs. The total number of symbols specified is 16, each in English, French and Russian. Title: Canton of Nidwalden Passage: From the middle of the 19th century onwards, trade, industry and tourism gained momentum. Nevertheless, until the middle of the 20th century, agriculture dominated the canton. Today a great number of small and middle-sized businesses dominate the economy. The largest employer is the airplane constructor Pilatus. The small and middle-sized businesses work in a wide range of areas. Many specialize in machine construction, medical equipment, international trade, optics and electronics. Title: ASCII Passage: Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO/IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£). Almost every country needed an adapted version of ASCII, since ASCII suited the needs of only the USA and a few other countries. For example, Canada had its own version that supported French characters. Other adapted encodings include ISCII (India), VISCII (Vietnam), and YUSCII (Yugoslavia). Although these encodings are sometimes referred to as ASCII, true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard. Title: ASCII Passage: Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven - bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. Ninety - five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, and punctuation symbols. In addition, the original ASCII specification included 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype machines; most of these are now obsolete. Title: ASCII Passage: ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequence of characters. Even more importantly, forward compatibility is ensured as software that recognizes only 7-bit ASCII characters as special and does not alter bytes with the highest bit set (as is often done to support 8-bit ASCII extensions such as ISO-8859-1) will preserve UTF-8 data unchanged. Title: ASCII Passage: ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such as the escape sequence. His British colleague Hugh McGregor Ross helped to popularize this work – according to Bemer, "so much so that the code that was to become ASCII was first called the Bemer-Ross Code in Europe". Because of his extensive work on ASCII, Bemer has been called "the father of ASCII." Title: ASCII Passage: For example, character 10 represents the "line feed" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents "backspace". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the control characters that prescribe elementary line-oriented formatting, ASCII does not define any mechanism for describing the structure or appearance of text within a document. Other schemes, such as markup languages, address page and document layout and formatting. Title: ISO 7001 Passage: ISO 7001 ("public information symbols") is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization that defines a set of pictograms and symbols for public information. The latest version, ISO 7001:2007, was published in November 2007. Title: Unicode Passage: Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UTF-16) and later moved to UTF-16 (the variable-width current standard), as this was the least disruptive way to add support for non-BMP characters. The best known such system is Windows NT (and its descendants, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7), which uses UTF-16 as the sole internal character encoding. The Java and .NET bytecode environments, Mac OS X, and KDE also use it for internal representation. Unicode is available on Windows 95 through Microsoft Layer for Unicode, as well as on its descendants, Windows 98 and Windows ME. Title: ASCII Passage: The X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information such as written language. Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols. To include all these, and control characters compatible with the Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique (CCITT) International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2) standard, Fieldata, and early EBCDIC, more than 64 codes were required for ASCII. Title: United Nations General Assembly resolution ES-10/L.22 Passage: On 6 December 2017, US President Donald Trump said that he would recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital and begin the process of moving the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. This was a departure from previous Security Council resolutions and prevailing international norms (where no state either recognises Jerusalem as a national capital nor has an embassy there).	[ "Unicode", "ASCII" ]
3hop1__732880_369053_59330	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madylin Anne Michele Sweeten (born June 27, 1991) is an American actress and comedian, best known for playing the role of Ally Barone on the CBS television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond from 1996 -- 2005.", "title": "Madylin Sweeten" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Somebody to Love '', originally titled`` Someone to Love'', is a rock song that was written by Darby Slick. It was originally recorded by The Great Society, and later by Jefferson Airplane. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Jefferson Airplane's version No. 274 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "title": "Somebody to Love (Jefferson Airplane song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shoebite is the story of a man in his early 60s played by Amitabh Bachchan. The film is based on a story Labour Of Love by M. Night Shyamalan.It is directed by Shoojit Sircar and produced by UTV Motion Pictures. The lyrics are penned by Gulzar.", "title": "Shoebite" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Everybody's Talking was an American game show which aired on ABC from February 6 to December 29, 1967. Lloyd Thaxton was the host; Wink Martindale and Charlie O'Donnell were the announcers. Thaxton typically closed each episode by saying, \"Keep watching, and keep listening, because everybody's talking!\"", "title": "Everybody's Talking" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Everybody Needs Somebody to Love\" is a song written by Bert Berns, Solomon Burke and Jerry Wexler, and originally recorded by Solomon Burke under the production of Bert Berns at Atlantic Records in 1964. Burke's version charted in 1964, but missed the US top 40, peaking at number 58.", "title": "Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Theme from A Summer Place ''is a song with lyrics by Mack Discant and music by Max Steiner, written for the 1959 film A Summer Place, which starred Sandra Dee and Troy Donahue. It was recorded for the film as an instrumental by Hugo Winterhalter. Originally known as the`` Molly and Johnny Theme'', the piece is not the main title theme of the film, but a secondary love theme for the characters played by Dee and Donahue.", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although written almost 20 years earlier, by 1964 the song had already been recorded by several artists--including Frank Sinatra--but without much success. Lane was playing piano for Dean Martin on his \"Dream with Dean\" LP sessions, and with an hour or so of studio time left and one song short, Lane suggested that Martin take a run at his tune. Dean was agreeable, and the small combo of piano, guitar, drums and bass performed a relatively quiet, laid-back version of the song (coincidentally, Martin had sung it almost 20 years earlier on Bob Hope's radio show in 1948, and also on Martin & Lewis' NBC radio program at about the same time). Almost immediately Martin re-recorded the song for his next album, this time with a full orchestra and chorus. His label, Reprise Records, was so enthusiastic about the hit potential of this version they titled the LP \"Everybody Loves Somebody\" to capitalize on it.", "title": "Everybody Loves Somebody" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's the Old Army Game is a 1926 American silent comedy film starring W. C. Fields and Louise Brooks. The \"army game\" is the shell game, a con-trick which WC Fields observes being played. \"It's the old army game\" he says, sagely. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, billed as Eddie Sutherland, and co-stars Sutherland's aunt, the stage actress Blanche Ring in one of her few silent film appearances. The film is based on the revue \"The Comic Supplement\" by Joseph P. McEvoy and Fields, and included several skits from Fields' stage plays.", "title": "It's the Old Army Game" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lisa Stewart is the only album by American country music artist Lisa Stewart. It was released in January 1993 via BNA Records. The album includes the singles \"Somebody's in Love\", \"Under the Light of the Texaco\" and \"Drive Time\".", "title": "Lisa Stewart (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monica Louise Horan (born January 29, 1963) is an American actress best known for her role as Amy MacDougall - Barone on the television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond.", "title": "Monica Horan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the American Revolution, Philadelphia became especially renowned for musical development and was the home of the esteemed Alexander Reinagle, John Christopher Moller, Rayner Taylor and Susannah Haswell Rowson. Reinagle became the most influential figure in Philadelphia's musical life, organizing a number of concerts, organizations and musical events. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a notable composer of the period. One of his compositions, \"My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free\", is well-remembered as the first art song from the United States (though this is disputed); it is, however, lacking in originality and innovation to set it apart from European compositions.", "title": "Music of Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Rome had a place called the Campus Martius (\"Field of Mars\"), which was a sort of drill ground for Roman soldiers. Later, the Campus became Rome's track and field playground. In the campus, the youth assembled to play and exercise, which included jumping, wrestling, boxing and racing.[citation needed] Equestrian sports, throwing, and swimming were also preferred physical activities.[citation needed] In the countryside, pastimes included fishing and hunting.[citation needed] Board games played in Rome included dice (Tesserae or Tali), Roman Chess (Latrunculi), Roman Checkers (Calculi), Tic-tac-toe (Terni Lapilli), and Ludus duodecim scriptorum and Tabula, predecessors of backgammon. Other activities included chariot races, and musical and theatrical performances.[citation needed]", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ''Single by Whitney Houston from the album Whitney B - side`` Moment of Truth'' Released May 2, 1987 (1987 - 05 - 02) Format CD single cassette single 7 ''single 12'' single Recorded October 1986 Genre Dance - pop R&B Length 4: 50 (album version) 8: 33 (12 ''remix) Label Arista Songwriter (s) George Merrill Shannon Rubicam Producer (s) Narada Michael Walden Whitney Houston singles chronology ``The Greatest Love of All'' (1986)`` I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ''(1987) ``Did n't We Almost Have It All'' (1987)`` The Greatest Love of All ''(1986) ``I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)'' (1987)`` Did n't We Almost Have It All ''(1987) Whitney track listing ``I Wanna Dance With Somebody'' (1)`` Just the Lonely Talking Again ''(2) Music video ``I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)'' on YouTube", "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "All games contested in Philadelphia through 1935 were played at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980 - 2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field.", "title": "Army–Navy Game" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Think I Love You ''Single by The Partridge Family from the album The Partridge Family Album B - side`` Somebody Wants to Love You'' ``To Be Lovers ''(Philippines) Released August 22, 1970 Format 7'' single Genre Pop, baroque pop Length 2: 54 Label Bell Songwriter (s) Tony Romeo Producer (s) Wes Farrell The Partridge Family singles chronology`` I Think I Love You ''(1970) ``Does n't Somebody Want to Be Wanted'' (1971)`` I Think I Love You ''(1970) ``Does n't Somebody Want to Be Wanted'' (1971)", "title": "I Think I Love You" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International", "title": "Army Navy Match" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Costume Quest\"s development was led by Tasha Harris, Double Fine's lead animator and a former Pixar artist, with Tim Schafer providing support where needed, particularly in writing. The concept of the game was an idea that Harris had had prior to joining Double Fine, but never had a chance to expand on while at Pixar. She wanted the game to capture \"that nostalgic feeling of these kids playing dress-up\", and used old photographs of children in Halloween costumes to flesh out the game. Harris had mentioned the idea to Schafer, and Schafer chose her project as one of the four to be developed during the Amnesia Fortnights. Though Harris' original concept was not based on a role-playing game, she considers the game to have been influenced by older Nintendo games such as \"Dragon Quest\" and \"Final Fantasy\", and games that take place in a modern setting like \"EarthBound\" and \"Pokémon\". She also took cues from \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, where exploration would be paced through the acquisition of new items within the game. Harris stated that she wanted to \"make a game that was like the RPGs that [she] loved growing up, but make it modernized so it looks cool and people enjoy playing it now\" to take advantage of the growing popularity of titles available as downloadable content.", "title": "Costume Quest" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``(Hey Wo n't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song ''is an American country and pop song made famous by B.J. Thomas. It won the 1976 Grammy Award for Best Country Song, awarded to its songwriters, Larry Butler and Chips Moman.", "title": "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Frederick Funston\" (APA-89) was a that served with the US Navy during World War II. Before serving as a Navy APA, she had been the US Army transport USAT \"Frederick Funston\". After World War II, she was returned to the Army and operated as USAT \"Frederick Funston\". \"Funston\" was among the seventy-two ships transferred to the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) in the 1 March 1950 group and placed in service as USNS \"Frederick Funston\" (T-AP-178).", "title": "USS Frederick Funston (APA-89)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Need for Speed: Most Wanted is a 2005 racing video game developed by EA Black Box and published by Electronic Arts. It is the ninth installment in the Need for Speed series. The game features street racing - oriented game play, with certain customization options from the Need for Speed: Underground series. The game is succeeded by Need for Speed: Carbon, which serves as a sequel to Most Wanted.", "title": "Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game)" } ]	Where is the Army-Navy game played, in the birthplace of the lyricist who wrote Everybody Needs Somebody to Love?	Lincoln Financial Field	[]	Title: Costume Quest Passage: "Costume Quest"s development was led by Tasha Harris, Double Fine's lead animator and a former Pixar artist, with Tim Schafer providing support where needed, particularly in writing. The concept of the game was an idea that Harris had had prior to joining Double Fine, but never had a chance to expand on while at Pixar. She wanted the game to capture "that nostalgic feeling of these kids playing dress-up", and used old photographs of children in Halloween costumes to flesh out the game. Harris had mentioned the idea to Schafer, and Schafer chose her project as one of the four to be developed during the Amnesia Fortnights. Though Harris' original concept was not based on a role-playing game, she considers the game to have been influenced by older Nintendo games such as "Dragon Quest" and "Final Fantasy", and games that take place in a modern setting like "EarthBound" and "Pokémon". She also took cues from "The Legend of Zelda" series, where exploration would be paced through the acquisition of new items within the game. Harris stated that she wanted to "make a game that was like the RPGs that [she] loved growing up, but make it modernized so it looks cool and people enjoy playing it now" to take advantage of the growing popularity of titles available as downloadable content. Title: Somebody to Love (Jefferson Airplane song) Passage: ``Somebody to Love '', originally titled`` Someone to Love'', is a rock song that was written by Darby Slick. It was originally recorded by The Great Society, and later by Jefferson Airplane. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Jefferson Airplane's version No. 274 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Title: Roman Republic Passage: The city of Rome had a place called the Campus Martius ("Field of Mars"), which was a sort of drill ground for Roman soldiers. Later, the Campus became Rome's track and field playground. In the campus, the youth assembled to play and exercise, which included jumping, wrestling, boxing and racing.[citation needed] Equestrian sports, throwing, and swimming were also preferred physical activities.[citation needed] In the countryside, pastimes included fishing and hunting.[citation needed] Board games played in Rome included dice (Tesserae or Tali), Roman Chess (Latrunculi), Roman Checkers (Calculi), Tic-tac-toe (Terni Lapilli), and Ludus duodecim scriptorum and Tabula, predecessors of backgammon. Other activities included chariot races, and musical and theatrical performances.[citation needed] Title: Lisa Stewart (album) Passage: Lisa Stewart is the only album by American country music artist Lisa Stewart. It was released in January 1993 via BNA Records. The album includes the singles "Somebody's in Love", "Under the Light of the Texaco" and "Drive Time". Title: Madylin Sweeten Passage: Madylin Anne Michele Sweeten (born June 27, 1991) is an American actress and comedian, best known for playing the role of Ally Barone on the CBS television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond from 1996 -- 2005. Title: Music of Pennsylvania Passage: Following the American Revolution, Philadelphia became especially renowned for musical development and was the home of the esteemed Alexander Reinagle, John Christopher Moller, Rayner Taylor and Susannah Haswell Rowson. Reinagle became the most influential figure in Philadelphia's musical life, organizing a number of concerts, organizations and musical events. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a notable composer of the period. One of his compositions, "My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free", is well-remembered as the first art song from the United States (though this is disputed); it is, however, lacking in originality and innovation to set it apart from European compositions. Title: Army Navy Match Passage: The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International Title: Everybody Loves Somebody Passage: Although written almost 20 years earlier, by 1964 the song had already been recorded by several artists--including Frank Sinatra--but without much success. Lane was playing piano for Dean Martin on his "Dream with Dean" LP sessions, and with an hour or so of studio time left and one song short, Lane suggested that Martin take a run at his tune. Dean was agreeable, and the small combo of piano, guitar, drums and bass performed a relatively quiet, laid-back version of the song (coincidentally, Martin had sung it almost 20 years earlier on Bob Hope's radio show in 1948, and also on Martin & Lewis' NBC radio program at about the same time). Almost immediately Martin re-recorded the song for his next album, this time with a full orchestra and chorus. His label, Reprise Records, was so enthusiastic about the hit potential of this version they titled the LP "Everybody Loves Somebody" to capitalize on it. Title: Everybody's Talking Passage: Everybody's Talking was an American game show which aired on ABC from February 6 to December 29, 1967. Lloyd Thaxton was the host; Wink Martindale and Charlie O'Donnell were the announcers. Thaxton typically closed each episode by saying, "Keep watching, and keep listening, because everybody's talking!" Title: Everybody Needs Somebody to Love Passage: "Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" is a song written by Bert Berns, Solomon Burke and Jerry Wexler, and originally recorded by Solomon Burke under the production of Bert Berns at Atlantic Records in 1964. Burke's version charted in 1964, but missed the US top 40, peaking at number 58. Title: Theme from A Summer Place Passage: ``Theme from A Summer Place ''is a song with lyrics by Mack Discant and music by Max Steiner, written for the 1959 film A Summer Place, which starred Sandra Dee and Troy Donahue. It was recorded for the film as an instrumental by Hugo Winterhalter. Originally known as the`` Molly and Johnny Theme'', the piece is not the main title theme of the film, but a secondary love theme for the characters played by Dee and Donahue. Title: Army–Navy Game Passage: All games contested in Philadelphia through 1935 were played at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980 - 2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field. Title: I Think I Love You Passage: ``I Think I Love You ''Single by The Partridge Family from the album The Partridge Family Album B - side`` Somebody Wants to Love You'' ``To Be Lovers ''(Philippines) Released August 22, 1970 Format 7'' single Genre Pop, baroque pop Length 2: 54 Label Bell Songwriter (s) Tony Romeo Producer (s) Wes Farrell The Partridge Family singles chronology`` I Think I Love You ''(1970) ``Does n't Somebody Want to Be Wanted'' (1971)`` I Think I Love You ''(1970) ``Does n't Somebody Want to Be Wanted'' (1971) Title: (Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song Passage: ``(Hey Wo n't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song ''is an American country and pop song made famous by B.J. Thomas. It won the 1976 Grammy Award for Best Country Song, awarded to its songwriters, Larry Butler and Chips Moman. Title: Shoebite Passage: Shoebite is the story of a man in his early 60s played by Amitabh Bachchan. The film is based on a story Labour Of Love by M. Night Shyamalan.It is directed by Shoojit Sircar and produced by UTV Motion Pictures. The lyrics are penned by Gulzar. Title: Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game) Passage: Need for Speed: Most Wanted is a 2005 racing video game developed by EA Black Box and published by Electronic Arts. It is the ninth installment in the Need for Speed series. The game features street racing - oriented game play, with certain customization options from the Need for Speed: Underground series. The game is succeeded by Need for Speed: Carbon, which serves as a sequel to Most Wanted. Title: It's the Old Army Game Passage: It's the Old Army Game is a 1926 American silent comedy film starring W. C. Fields and Louise Brooks. The "army game" is the shell game, a con-trick which WC Fields observes being played. "It's the old army game" he says, sagely. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, billed as Eddie Sutherland, and co-stars Sutherland's aunt, the stage actress Blanche Ring in one of her few silent film appearances. The film is based on the revue "The Comic Supplement" by Joseph P. McEvoy and Fields, and included several skits from Fields' stage plays. Title: USS Frederick Funston (APA-89) Passage: USS "Frederick Funston" (APA-89) was a that served with the US Navy during World War II. Before serving as a Navy APA, she had been the US Army transport USAT "Frederick Funston". After World War II, she was returned to the Army and operated as USAT "Frederick Funston". "Funston" was among the seventy-two ships transferred to the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) in the 1 March 1950 group and placed in service as USNS "Frederick Funston" (T-AP-178). Title: I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) Passage: ``I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ''Single by Whitney Houston from the album Whitney B - side`` Moment of Truth'' Released May 2, 1987 (1987 - 05 - 02) Format CD single cassette single 7 ''single 12'' single Recorded October 1986 Genre Dance - pop R&B Length 4: 50 (album version) 8: 33 (12 ''remix) Label Arista Songwriter (s) George Merrill Shannon Rubicam Producer (s) Narada Michael Walden Whitney Houston singles chronology ``The Greatest Love of All'' (1986)`` I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ''(1987) ``Did n't We Almost Have It All'' (1987)`` The Greatest Love of All ''(1986) ``I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)'' (1987)`` Did n't We Almost Have It All ''(1987) Whitney track listing ``I Wanna Dance With Somebody'' (1)`` Just the Lonely Talking Again ''(2) Music video ``I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)'' on YouTube Title: Monica Horan Passage: Monica Louise Horan (born January 29, 1963) is an American actress best known for her role as Amy MacDougall - Barone on the television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond.	[ "Everybody Needs Somebody to Love", "Music of Pennsylvania", "Army–Navy Game" ]
3hop1__250722_10383_15069	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horseed FC is a Somali football club based in Horseed, Somalia. It is seven times champion of the Somalia League. A team of the Armed Forces of Somalia, Horseed SC was among the most formidable and recognized football clubs in the country. After the civil war broke out, it discontinued operations, but has been revived in 2013 by Gen Dahir Aden elmi Commander of the Somalia Armed Forces. Gen Elmi revived all the different teams of Horseed Sports Club with emphasis on the Football Team which again began to compete in the Somalia Serie A league.", "title": "Horseed FC" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horn of Africa Countries and territories Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia Major regional organizations Arab League, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Community of Sahel - Saharan States, Intergovernmental Authority on Development Population 122,618,170 (2016 est.) Area 1,882,757 km Languages Afar Arabic Amharic French Oromo Somali Tigrinya Religion Islam, Christianity, traditional faiths Time zones UTC + 03: 00 Currency Djiboutian franc Eritrean nakfa Ethiopian birr Somali shilling Capitals Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Asmara (Eritrea) Djibouti (Djibouti) Mogadishu (Somalia) Total GDP (PPP) $247.751 billion (2016) Total GDP (nominal) $102,057 billion (2016)", "title": "Horn of Africa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a \"Nation of Poets\" and a \"Nation of Bards\" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Region Broadcaster Ref. Caribbean Countries / Territories Antigua & Barbuda Anguilla Aruba Barbados Belize British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana Haiti Montserrat St. Lucia St. Kitts & Nevis St. Vincent & the Grenadines Turks and Caicos U.S. Virgin Islands DirecTV Indian subcontinent Countries Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Sony Pictures Networks Middle East and North Africa Countries Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Oman Palestinian Authority Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia South Sudan Sudan Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen KAN, beIN Sports Oceania Countries / Territories Cook Islands Fiji Kiribati Micronesia Nauru Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Sky Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa Countries Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire DR Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea - Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bab - el - Mandeb (Arabic: باب المندب, lit. ``Gate of Tears '') is a strait located between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.", "title": "Bab-el-Mandeb" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dolo Addo or Dolo Ado or Dollo Ado () is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Liben Zone, Dolo Ado is located in the angle formed by the confluence of the Ganale Dorya with the Dawa River, and bordered to the northwest by Filtu, on the northeast by Afder Zone, on the southeast by Somalia, and on the south by Kenya. Towns in Dollo Ado include Bekol May, Dolo and Softu.", "title": "Dolo Odo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Garbi is a mountain in the western part of the Tadjourah Region in Djibouti. It is located about east of Djibouti City. With a mean height of 1680 metres (5,512 ft), is the third highest point in Djibouti.", "title": "Garbi (mountain)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Djibouti ( (listen) jih-BOO-tee; Afar: Yibuuti, Arabic: جيبوتي‎ Jībūtī, French: Djibouti, Somali: Jabuuti, officially the Republic of Djibouti) is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi). The state of Djibouti is predominantly inhabited by two ethnic groups, the Somali and the Afar people, the Somalis being the major ethnic group of the country.", "title": "Djibouti" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NationLink Telecom was founded in September 1997 by Abdirizak Ido, a Somali businessman currently serving as the company's President. The firm is one of the leading telecommunications service providers (TSP) in Somalia and offers its services throughout the country.", "title": "NationLink Telecom" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalia (/ səˈmɑːliə / so - MAH - lee - ə; Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال ‎, translit. aṣ - Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية ‎, translit. Jumhūrīyat aṣ - Ṣūmāl al - Fidirālīyah), is a sovereign state with its territory located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Guardafui Channel and Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. It is separated from Socotra by the Guardafui Channel in the northeast. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland, and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail year - round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.", "title": "Somalia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople. More recently, Somali entrepreneurs have established themselves in Kenya, investing over $1.5 billion in the Somali enclave of Eastleigh alone. In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri (\"sea-land\"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros \"red\"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalis in the United Kingdom include British citizens and residents born in, or with ancestors from, Somalia. It is thought that the United Kingdom (UK) is home to the largest Somali community in Europe, with an estimated 98,000 Somali - born immigrants residing in the UK in 2016 according to the Office for National Statistics. The majority of these live in England, with the largest number found in London. Smaller Somali communities exist in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Leicester, Milton Keynes, Sheffield and Cardiff.", "title": "Somalis in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions.", "title": "Somalis" } ]	When was Eritrea annexed by the Horn of Africa country where, along with Kenya, Somalia, and the nation where the mountain of Garbi is found, Somali people live?	1953	[]	Title: Somalis Passage: The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a "Nation of Poets" and a "Nation of Bards" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence. Title: NationLink Telecom Passage: NationLink Telecom was founded in September 1997 by Abdirizak Ido, a Somali businessman currently serving as the company's President. The firm is one of the leading telecommunications service providers (TSP) in Somalia and offers its services throughout the country. Title: Bab-el-Mandeb Passage: The Bab - el - Mandeb (Arabic: باب المندب, lit. ``Gate of Tears '') is a strait located between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden. Title: Somalis Passage: Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions. Title: Horn of Africa Passage: Horn of Africa Countries and territories Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia Major regional organizations Arab League, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Community of Sahel - Saharan States, Intergovernmental Authority on Development Population 122,618,170 (2016 est.) Area 1,882,757 km Languages Afar Arabic Amharic French Oromo Somali Tigrinya Religion Islam, Christianity, traditional faiths Time zones UTC + 03: 00 Currency Djiboutian franc Eritrean nakfa Ethiopian birr Somali shilling Capitals Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Asmara (Eritrea) Djibouti (Djibouti) Mogadishu (Somalia) Total GDP (PPP) $247.751 billion (2016) Total GDP (nominal) $102,057 billion (2016) Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights Passage: Region Broadcaster Ref. Caribbean Countries / Territories Antigua & Barbuda Anguilla Aruba Barbados Belize British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana Haiti Montserrat St. Lucia St. Kitts & Nevis St. Vincent & the Grenadines Turks and Caicos U.S. Virgin Islands DirecTV Indian subcontinent Countries Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Sony Pictures Networks Middle East and North Africa Countries Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Oman Palestinian Authority Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia South Sudan Sudan Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen KAN, beIN Sports Oceania Countries / Territories Cook Islands Fiji Kiribati Micronesia Nauru Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Sky Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa Countries Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire DR Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea - Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+ Title: Somalis in the United Kingdom Passage: Somalis in the United Kingdom include British citizens and residents born in, or with ancestors from, Somalia. It is thought that the United Kingdom (UK) is home to the largest Somali community in Europe, with an estimated 98,000 Somali - born immigrants residing in the UK in 2016 according to the Office for National Statistics. The majority of these live in England, with the largest number found in London. Smaller Somali communities exist in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Leicester, Milton Keynes, Sheffield and Cardiff. Title: Somalis Passage: In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall. Title: Somalis Passage: Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople. More recently, Somali entrepreneurs have established themselves in Kenya, investing over $1.5 billion in the Somali enclave of Eastleigh alone. In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province. Title: Dolo Odo Passage: Dolo Addo or Dolo Ado or Dollo Ado () is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Liben Zone, Dolo Ado is located in the angle formed by the confluence of the Ganale Dorya with the Dawa River, and bordered to the northwest by Filtu, on the northeast by Afder Zone, on the southeast by Somalia, and on the south by Kenya. Towns in Dollo Ado include Bekol May, Dolo and Softu. Title: Somalis Passage: Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other. Title: Garbi (mountain) Passage: Garbi is a mountain in the western part of the Tadjourah Region in Djibouti. It is located about east of Djibouti City. With a mean height of 1680 metres (5,512 ft), is the third highest point in Djibouti. Title: Somalis Passage: In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites. Title: Horseed FC Passage: Horseed FC is a Somali football club based in Horseed, Somalia. It is seven times champion of the Somalia League. A team of the Armed Forces of Somalia, Horseed SC was among the most formidable and recognized football clubs in the country. After the civil war broke out, it discontinued operations, but has been revived in 2013 by Gen Dahir Aden elmi Commander of the Somalia Armed Forces. Gen Elmi revived all the different teams of Horseed Sports Club with emphasis on the Football Team which again began to compete in the Somalia Serie A league. Title: Somalia Passage: Somalia (/ səˈmɑːliə / so - MAH - lee - ə; Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال ‎, translit. aṣ - Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية ‎, translit. Jumhūrīyat aṣ - Ṣūmāl al - Fidirālīyah), is a sovereign state with its territory located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Guardafui Channel and Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. It is separated from Socotra by the Guardafui Channel in the northeast. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland, and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail year - round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall. Title: Eritrea Passage: During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed] Title: Djibouti Passage: Djibouti ( (listen) jih-BOO-tee; Afar: Yibuuti, Arabic: جيبوتي‎ Jībūtī, French: Djibouti, Somali: Jabuuti, officially the Republic of Djibouti) is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi). The state of Djibouti is predominantly inhabited by two ethnic groups, the Somali and the Afar people, the Somalis being the major ethnic group of the country. Title: Somalis Passage: The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West. Title: Somalis Passage: Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.	[ "Garbi (mountain)", "Somalis", "Eritrea" ]
3hop2__14790_46089_86234	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, or avoiding obstacles, four or more feet may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs.", "title": "Insect" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of Henry Basil Melvin Groves, an Englishman whose single first-class cricket appearance came in India, Mike Groves was born in New Zealand but brought up in South Africa, where he was educated at Diocesan College, Cape Town. Usually a right-handed middle-order batsman and irregular right-arm medium-pace bowler, he played a single match as an 18-year-old in 1960/61 for Western Province as an opening batsman, scoring 5 and 45. He then came to England and played occasional amateur first-class matches in 1962 before going to Oxford University in autumn 1962 as an undergraduate at St Edmund Hall.", "title": "Mike Groves" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD 2038 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North America (5) Alaska Alberta Central America Eastern United States Greenland Northwest Territory Ontario Quebec Western United States South America (2) Argentina Brazil Peru Venezuela Europe (5) Great Britain Iceland Northern Europe Scandinavia Southern Europe Ukraine Western Europe Africa (3) Congo East Africa Egypt Madagascar North Africa South Africa Asia (7) Afghanistan China India Irkutsk Japan Kamchatka Middle East Mongolia Siam Siberia Ural Yakutsk Australia (2) Eastern Australia Indonesia New Guinea Western Australia", "title": "Risk (game)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, creating the Himalayan orogeny.", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cancelled due to World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil West Germany Europe West Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe West Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 TBD 2030 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cancelled due to World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil West Germany Europe West Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe West Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 TBD 2030 TBD 2034 TBD", "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Show Me the Way to Go Home ''is a popular song written in 1925 by the pseudonymous`` Irving King'' (the English songwriting team James Campbell and Reginald Connelly). The song is said to have been written on a train journey from London by Campbell and Connelly. They were tired from the traveling and had a few alcoholic drinks during the journey, hence the lyrics. The song is in common use in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and North America.", "title": "Show Me the Way to Go Home" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of the Gabbard, also known as the Battle of Gabbard Bank, the Battle of the North Foreland or the second Battle of Nieuwpoort took place on 2–3 June 1653 (12–13 June 1653 Gregorian calendar). during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the Gabbard shoal off the coast of Suffolk, England between fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces.", "title": "Battle of the Gabbard" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Set in 17th century London, \"Sexing the Cherry\" is about the journeys of a mother, known as The Dog Woman, and her protégé, Jordan. They journey in a space-time flux: across the seas to find exotic fruits such as bananas and pineapples; and across time, with glimpses of \"the present\" and references to Charles I of England and Oliver Cromwell. The mother’s physical appearance is somewhat \"grotesque\". She is a giant, wrapped in a skirt big enough to serve as a ship’s sail and strong enough to fling an elephant. She is also hideous, with smallpox scars in which fleas live, a flat nose and foul teeth. Her son, however, is proud of her, as no other mother can hold a good dozen oranges in her mouth all at once. Ultimately, their journey is a journey in search of The Self.", "title": "Sexing the Cherry" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint - Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint - Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations.", "title": "French West Indies" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story, illustrated by the author, is set in England during the Middle Ages, as the Black Death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. Young Robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. A doctor reassures Robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. His parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. Robin is saved by Brother Luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him.", "title": "The Door in the Wall (novel)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Last English King (1997) is a historical novel by English writer Julian Rathbone. The novel covers the time of the Battle of Hastings. It revolves around Walt Edwinson, a housecarl of Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. The story starts with Walt returning to his home at Iwerne in Dorset four years after the Battle of Hastings. He had fled England after the defeat of the Anglo-Saxons and had spent the time travelling across Europe and Asia Minor. The story of his journey from Constantinople via Nicomedia and Nicaea to Side is then recounted in parallel with his recollections of the time before the battle, such as his accompanying Harold to William of Normandy's attack on Dinan.", "title": "The Last English King" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Historically the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents during the age of sail. For example, from the main trading nations of Western Europe it was much easier to sail westwards after first going south of 30 N latitude and reaching the so - called ``trade winds ''; thus arriving in the Caribbean rather than going straight west to the North American mainland. Returning from North America, it is easiest to follow the Gulf Stream in a northeasterly direction using the westerlies. A similar triangle to this, called the volta do mar was already being used by the Portuguese, before Christopher Columbus' voyage, to sail to the Canary Islands and the Azores. Columbus simply expanded the triangle outwards, and his route became the main way for Europeans to reach, and return from, the Americas.", "title": "Triangular trade" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador Americas 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Western Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Western Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria Western Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela Americas 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,588,065,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73%", "title": "OPEC" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Long Way Down is a television series, book and DVD documenting a motorcycle journey undertaken in 2007 by Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman, from John o' Groats in Scotland through eighteen countries in Europe and Africa to Cape Town in South Africa. It is a follow-up to the \"Long Way Round\" of 2004, when the pair rode east from London to New York via Eurasia and North America.", "title": "Long Way Down" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador South America 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Central Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Central Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria West Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela South America 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,618,511,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73%", "title": "OPEC" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Host Final Third place match Winner Score Runner - up 3rd place Score 4th place 2008 Wales New Zealand 38 -- 3 England South Africa 43 -- 18 Wales 2009 Japan New Zealand 44 -- 28 England South Africa 32 -- 5 Australia Argentina New Zealand 62 -- 17 Australia South Africa 27 -- 22 England 2011 Italy New Zealand 33 -- 22 England Australia 30 -- 17 France 2012 South Africa South Africa 22 -- 16 New Zealand Wales 25 -- 17 Argentina 2013 France England 23 -- 15 Wales South Africa 41 -- 34 New Zealand 2014 New Zealand England 21 -- 20 South Africa New Zealand 45 -- 23 Ireland 2015 Italy New Zealand 21 -- 16 England South Africa 31 -- 18 France 2016 England England 45 -- 21 Ireland Argentina 49 -- 19 South Africa 2017 Georgia New Zealand 64 -- 17 England South Africa 37 -- 15 France 2018 France France 33 -- 25 England South Africa 40 -- 30 New Zealand 2019 Argentina", "title": "World Rugby Under 20 Championship" } ]	When did the people the battle first appeared to favor come to the area serving as the middle leg of the journey from England to Africa to the Americas?	1625	[]	Title: Franco-Prussian War Passage: On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division. Title: Mike Groves Passage: The son of Henry Basil Melvin Groves, an Englishman whose single first-class cricket appearance came in India, Mike Groves was born in New Zealand but brought up in South Africa, where he was educated at Diocesan College, Cape Town. Usually a right-handed middle-order batsman and irregular right-arm medium-pace bowler, he played a single match as an 18-year-old in 1960/61 for Western Province as an opening batsman, scoring 5 and 45. He then came to England and played occasional amateur first-class matches in 1962 before going to Oxford University in autumn 1962 as an undergraduate at St Edmund Hall. Title: Long Way Down Passage: Long Way Down is a television series, book and DVD documenting a motorcycle journey undertaken in 2007 by Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman, from John o' Groats in Scotland through eighteen countries in Europe and Africa to Cape Town in South Africa. It is a follow-up to the "Long Way Round" of 2004, when the pair rode east from London to New York via Eurasia and North America. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, creating the Himalayan orogeny. Title: The Last English King Passage: The Last English King (1997) is a historical novel by English writer Julian Rathbone. The novel covers the time of the Battle of Hastings. It revolves around Walt Edwinson, a housecarl of Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. The story starts with Walt returning to his home at Iwerne in Dorset four years after the Battle of Hastings. He had fled England after the defeat of the Anglo-Saxons and had spent the time travelling across Europe and Asia Minor. The story of his journey from Constantinople via Nicomedia and Nicaea to Side is then recounted in parallel with his recollections of the time before the battle, such as his accompanying Harold to William of Normandy's attack on Dinan. Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cancelled due to World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil West Germany Europe West Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe West Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 TBD 2030 TBD 2034 TBD Title: OPEC Passage: Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador Americas 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Western Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Western Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria Western Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela Americas 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,588,065,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73% Title: Sexing the Cherry Passage: Set in 17th century London, "Sexing the Cherry" is about the journeys of a mother, known as The Dog Woman, and her protégé, Jordan. They journey in a space-time flux: across the seas to find exotic fruits such as bananas and pineapples; and across time, with glimpses of "the present" and references to Charles I of England and Oliver Cromwell. The mother’s physical appearance is somewhat "grotesque". She is a giant, wrapped in a skirt big enough to serve as a ship’s sail and strong enough to fling an elephant. She is also hideous, with smallpox scars in which fleas live, a flat nose and foul teeth. Her son, however, is proud of her, as no other mother can hold a good dozen oranges in her mouth all at once. Ultimately, their journey is a journey in search of The Self. Title: World Rugby Under 20 Championship Passage: Year Host Final Third place match Winner Score Runner - up 3rd place Score 4th place 2008 Wales New Zealand 38 -- 3 England South Africa 43 -- 18 Wales 2009 Japan New Zealand 44 -- 28 England South Africa 32 -- 5 Australia Argentina New Zealand 62 -- 17 Australia South Africa 27 -- 22 England 2011 Italy New Zealand 33 -- 22 England Australia 30 -- 17 France 2012 South Africa South Africa 22 -- 16 New Zealand Wales 25 -- 17 Argentina 2013 France England 23 -- 15 Wales South Africa 41 -- 34 New Zealand 2014 New Zealand England 21 -- 20 South Africa New Zealand 45 -- 23 Ireland 2015 Italy New Zealand 21 -- 16 England South Africa 31 -- 18 France 2016 England England 45 -- 21 Ireland Argentina 49 -- 19 South Africa 2017 Georgia New Zealand 64 -- 17 England South Africa 37 -- 15 France 2018 France France 33 -- 25 England South Africa 40 -- 30 New Zealand 2019 Argentina Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cancelled due to World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil West Germany Europe West Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe West Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 TBD 2030 TBD Title: French West Indies Passage: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint - Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint - Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations. Title: Triangular trade Passage: Historically the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents during the age of sail. For example, from the main trading nations of Western Europe it was much easier to sail westwards after first going south of 30 N latitude and reaching the so - called ``trade winds ''; thus arriving in the Caribbean rather than going straight west to the North American mainland. Returning from North America, it is easiest to follow the Gulf Stream in a northeasterly direction using the westerlies. A similar triangle to this, called the volta do mar was already being used by the Portuguese, before Christopher Columbus' voyage, to sail to the Canary Islands and the Azores. Columbus simply expanded the triangle outwards, and his route became the main way for Europeans to reach, and return from, the Americas. Title: Risk (game) Passage: North America (5) Alaska Alberta Central America Eastern United States Greenland Northwest Territory Ontario Quebec Western United States South America (2) Argentina Brazil Peru Venezuela Europe (5) Great Britain Iceland Northern Europe Scandinavia Southern Europe Ukraine Western Europe Africa (3) Congo East Africa Egypt Madagascar North Africa South Africa Asia (7) Afghanistan China India Irkutsk Japan Kamchatka Middle East Mongolia Siam Siberia Ural Yakutsk Australia (2) Eastern Australia Indonesia New Guinea Western Australia Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: Year Host Continent Winner 1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay 1934 Italy Europe Italy 1938 France Europe Italy 1942 Cancelled because of World War II * 1946 Cancelled because of World War II 1950 Brazil South America Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Europe Germany 1958 Sweden Europe Brazil 1962 Chile South America Brazil 1966 England Europe England 1970 Mexico North America Brazil Germany Europe Germany 1978 Argentina South America Argentina 1982 Spain Europe Italy 1986 Mexico North America Argentina 1990 Italy Europe Germany 1994 United States North America Brazil 1998 France Europe France 2002 Japan South Korea Asia Brazil 2006 Germany Europe Italy South Africa Africa Spain 2014 Brazil South America Germany 2018 Russia Europe France 2022 Qatar Asia 2026 Canada Mexico United States North America 2030 TBD 2034 TBD 2038 TBD Title: Show Me the Way to Go Home Passage: ``Show Me the Way to Go Home ''is a popular song written in 1925 by the pseudonymous`` Irving King'' (the English songwriting team James Campbell and Reginald Connelly). The song is said to have been written on a train journey from London by Campbell and Connelly. They were tired from the traveling and had a few alcoholic drinks during the journey, hence the lyrics. The song is in common use in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and North America. Title: OPEC Passage: Country Region Membership Years Population (2016 est.) Area (km) Oil Production (bbl / day, 2016) Proven Reserves (bbl, 2016) Algeria North Africa 1969 -- 40,606,052 2,381,740 1,348,361 12,200,000,000 Angola Southern Africa 2007 -- 28,813,463 1,246,700 1,769,615 8,423,000,000 Ecuador South America 1973 -- 1992, 2007 -- 16,385,068 283,560 548,421 8,273,000,000 Equatorial Guinea Central Africa 2017 -- 1,221,490 28,051 227,000 1,100,000,000 Gabon Central Africa 1975 -- 1995, 2016 -- 1,979,786 267,667 210,820 2,000,000,000 Iran Middle East 1960 -- 80,277,428 1,648,000 3,990,956 157,530,000,000 Iraq Middle East 1960 -- 37,202,572 437,072 4,451,516 143,069,000,000 Kuwait Middle East 1960 -- 4,052,584 17,820 2,923,825 101,500,000,000 Libya North Africa 1962 -- 6,293,253 1,759,540 384,686 48,363,000,000 Nigeria West Africa 1971 -- 185,989,640 923,768 1,999,885 37,070,000,000 Qatar Middle East 1961 -- 2,569,804 11,437 1,522,902 25,244,000,000 Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960 -- 32,275,687 2,149,690 10,460,710 266,578,000,000 United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967 -- 9,269,612 83,600 3,106,077 97,800,000,000 Venezuela South America 1960 -- 31,568,179 912,050 2,276,967 299,953,000,000 OPEC Total 478,498,000 12,150,695 35,221,740 1,209,103,000,000 World Total 7,618,511,000 510,072,000 80,622,287 1,650,585,000,000 OPEC Percent 6% 2% 44% 73% Title: Battle of the Gabbard Passage: The naval Battle of the Gabbard, also known as the Battle of Gabbard Bank, the Battle of the North Foreland or the second Battle of Nieuwpoort took place on 2–3 June 1653 (12–13 June 1653 Gregorian calendar). during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the Gabbard shoal off the coast of Suffolk, England between fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces. Title: Insect Passage: Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, or avoiding obstacles, four or more feet may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs. Title: The Door in the Wall (novel) Passage: The story, illustrated by the author, is set in England during the Middle Ages, as the Black Death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. Young Robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. A doctor reassures Robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. His parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. Robin is saved by Brother Luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him.	[ "Franco-Prussian War", "French West Indies", "Triangular trade" ]
2hop__495342_39199	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qassam rocket ( \"Ṣārūkh al-Qassām\"; also \"Kassam\") is a simple, steel artillery rocket developed and deployed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military arm of Hamas. These rockets cannot be fired to target specific military objectives in or near civilian areas, and are \"indiscriminate when used against targets in population centers.\"", "title": "Qassam rocket" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Albanian Joint Forces Command, consists in the branch of the Albanian Armed Forces charged with protecting the territorial integrity of Albania. The Command has under the proper structure the Rapid Reaction Brigade, the Special Operations Battalion (Albania), the Albanian Air Force, the Albanian Naval Defense Forces and the Area Support Brigade.", "title": "Albanian Joint Forces Command" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 164th (North Lancashire) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in World War I and remained in the United Kingdom throughout World War II, now as the 164th Infantry Brigade. Throughout both wars the brigade was part of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division.", "title": "164th (North Lancashire) Brigade" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Lorraine Geddes (March 19, 1827 – February 21, 1887) was a soldier in India, a brigade commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, college administrator and professor, and military songwriter.", "title": "James Lorraine Geddes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3rd Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in the First World War. It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Eastern Mounted Brigade and the South Eastern Mounted Brigade. The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force and the Suez Canal Defences.", "title": "230th Brigade (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 59th Brigade was a formation of British Army. It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army. It was assigned to the 20th (Light) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War.", "title": "59th Brigade (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.", "title": "United States Air Force" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Second Sino - Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back as far as 19 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7 / 8 December 1941, when Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines.", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.", "title": "Saint Barthélemy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1091, Roger invaded Malta and subdued the walled city of Mdina. He imposed taxes on the islands, but allowed the Arab governors to continue their rule. In 1127 Roger II abolished the Muslim government, replacing it with Norman officials. Under Norman rule, the Arabic spoken by the Greek Christian islanders for centuries of Muslim domination became Maltese.", "title": "Norman conquest of southern Italy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bay of Pigs Invasion (Spanish: Invasión de Playa Girón or Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos or Batalla de Girón) was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military group (made up of mostly Cuban exiles who traveled to the United States after Castro's takeover, but also some US military personnel), trained and funded by the CIA, Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the increasingly communist government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala and Nicaragua, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, under the direct command of Castro.", "title": "Bay of Pigs Invasion" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bay of Pigs Invasion (Spanish: Invasión de Playa Girón or Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos or Batalla de Girón) was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military (made up of Cuban exiles who traveled to the United States after Castro's takeover), trained and funded by the CIA, Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the increasingly communist government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala and Nicaragua, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, under the direct command of Castro.", "title": "Bay of Pigs Invasion" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eritrean Air Force (ERAF) is the official aerial warfare service branch of the Eritrean Defence Forces and is one of the three official uniformed military branches of the State of Eritrea.", "title": "Eritrean Air Force" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Legislature of the Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The territorial legislature meets in the capital of Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas.", "title": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bataan (7 January -- 9 April 1942) represented the most intense phase of Imperial Japan's invasion of the Philippines during World War II. In January 1942, forces of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy invaded Luzon along with several islands in the Philippine Archipelago after the bombing of the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. The commander - in - chief of all Filipino and American forces in the islands, General Douglas MacArthur, consolidated all of his Luzon - based units on the Bataan Peninsula to fight against the Japanese invaders. By this time, the Japanese controlled nearly all of Southeast Asia. The Bataan peninsula and the island of Corregidor were the only remaining Allied strongholds in the region. Despite a lack of supplies, Filipino and American forces managed to fight the Japanese for three months, engaging them initially in a fighting retreat southward. As the combined Filipino and American forces made a last stand, the delay cost the Japanese valuable time and prevented immediate victory across the Pacific. The surrender at Bataan, with 76,000 soldiers surrendering in the Philippines altogether, was the largest in American and Filipino military histories, and was the largest United States surrender since the American Civil War's Battle of Harper's Ferry. Soon afterwards, Filipino and American prisoners of war were forced into the Bataan Death March.", "title": "Battle of Bataan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "32 Combat Engineer Regiment (32 CER) is the Primary Reserve (Militia) unit of the Canadian Military Engineers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is assigned to 32 Canadian Brigade Group, part of 4th Canadian Division.", "title": "32 Combat Engineer Regiment" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.", "title": "Republic of China Military Police" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jock Cunningham (20 December 1902 – 22 February 1969) was a British volunteer in the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. He became a battalion and brigade commander and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He played a key role in the Battle of Jarama, one of the principal military actions of the Spanish Civil War.", "title": "Jock Cunningham" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The île de Nantes (Island of Nantes) is an island located in the centre of the city of Nantes, France, surrounded by two branches of the Loire River - the \"bras de la Madeleine\" (branch of the Madeleine) at the north and the \"bras de Pirmil\" (branch of Pirmil) at the south. It is one of the eleven neighbourhoods of Nantes.", "title": "Île de Nantes" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet invasion of Poland was a Soviet military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939. On that morning, 16 days after Germany invaded Poland from the west, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two - way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by both Germany and the Soviet Union. The joint German - Soviet invasion of Poland was secretly agreed to following the signing of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact on 23 August 1939.", "title": "Soviet invasion of Poland" } ]	When did the military branch of the 59th Brigade invade the island?	1773	[]	Title: 32 Combat Engineer Regiment Passage: 32 Combat Engineer Regiment (32 CER) is the Primary Reserve (Militia) unit of the Canadian Military Engineers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is assigned to 32 Canadian Brigade Group, part of 4th Canadian Division. Title: 59th Brigade (United Kingdom) Passage: The 59th Brigade was a formation of British Army. It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army. It was assigned to the 20th (Light) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War. Title: Battle of Bataan Passage: The Battle of Bataan (7 January -- 9 April 1942) represented the most intense phase of Imperial Japan's invasion of the Philippines during World War II. In January 1942, forces of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy invaded Luzon along with several islands in the Philippine Archipelago after the bombing of the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. The commander - in - chief of all Filipino and American forces in the islands, General Douglas MacArthur, consolidated all of his Luzon - based units on the Bataan Peninsula to fight against the Japanese invaders. By this time, the Japanese controlled nearly all of Southeast Asia. The Bataan peninsula and the island of Corregidor were the only remaining Allied strongholds in the region. Despite a lack of supplies, Filipino and American forces managed to fight the Japanese for three months, engaging them initially in a fighting retreat southward. As the combined Filipino and American forces made a last stand, the delay cost the Japanese valuable time and prevented immediate victory across the Pacific. The surrender at Bataan, with 76,000 soldiers surrendering in the Philippines altogether, was the largest in American and Filipino military histories, and was the largest United States surrender since the American Civil War's Battle of Harper's Ferry. Soon afterwards, Filipino and American prisoners of war were forced into the Bataan Death March. Title: Pacific War Passage: The Second Sino - Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back as far as 19 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7 / 8 December 1941, when Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Title: Île de Nantes Passage: The île de Nantes (Island of Nantes) is an island located in the centre of the city of Nantes, France, surrounded by two branches of the Loire River - the "bras de la Madeleine" (branch of the Madeleine) at the north and the "bras de Pirmil" (branch of Pirmil) at the south. It is one of the eleven neighbourhoods of Nantes. Title: Saint Barthélemy Passage: Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others. Title: Norman conquest of southern Italy Passage: In 1091, Roger invaded Malta and subdued the walled city of Mdina. He imposed taxes on the islands, but allowed the Arab governors to continue their rule. In 1127 Roger II abolished the Muslim government, replacing it with Norman officials. Under Norman rule, the Arabic spoken by the Greek Christian islanders for centuries of Muslim domination became Maltese. Title: Bay of Pigs Invasion Passage: The Bay of Pigs Invasion (Spanish: Invasión de Playa Girón or Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos or Batalla de Girón) was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military (made up of Cuban exiles who traveled to the United States after Castro's takeover), trained and funded by the CIA, Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the increasingly communist government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala and Nicaragua, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, under the direct command of Castro. Title: Republic of China Military Police Passage: The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs. Title: 164th (North Lancashire) Brigade Passage: The 164th (North Lancashire) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in World War I and remained in the United Kingdom throughout World War II, now as the 164th Infantry Brigade. Throughout both wars the brigade was part of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division. Title: Eritrean Air Force Passage: The Eritrean Air Force (ERAF) is the official aerial warfare service branch of the Eritrean Defence Forces and is one of the three official uniformed military branches of the State of Eritrea. Title: Jock Cunningham Passage: Jock Cunningham (20 December 1902 – 22 February 1969) was a British volunteer in the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. He became a battalion and brigade commander and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He played a key role in the Battle of Jarama, one of the principal military actions of the Spanish Civil War. Title: Qassam rocket Passage: The Qassam rocket ( "Ṣārūkh al-Qassām"; also "Kassam") is a simple, steel artillery rocket developed and deployed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military arm of Hamas. These rockets cannot be fired to target specific military objectives in or near civilian areas, and are "indiscriminate when used against targets in population centers." Title: 230th Brigade (United Kingdom) Passage: The 3rd Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in the First World War. It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Eastern Mounted Brigade and the South Eastern Mounted Brigade. The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force and the Suez Canal Defences. Title: Bay of Pigs Invasion Passage: The Bay of Pigs Invasion (Spanish: Invasión de Playa Girón or Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos or Batalla de Girón) was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military group (made up of mostly Cuban exiles who traveled to the United States after Castro's takeover, but also some US military personnel), trained and funded by the CIA, Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the increasingly communist government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala and Nicaragua, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, under the direct command of Castro. Title: Albanian Joint Forces Command Passage: The Albanian Joint Forces Command, consists in the branch of the Albanian Armed Forces charged with protecting the territorial integrity of Albania. The Command has under the proper structure the Rapid Reaction Brigade, the Special Operations Battalion (Albania), the Albanian Air Force, the Albanian Naval Defense Forces and the Area Support Brigade. Title: Legislature of the Virgin Islands Passage: The Legislature of the Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The territorial legislature meets in the capital of Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas. Title: United States Air Force Passage: The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support. Title: James Lorraine Geddes Passage: James Lorraine Geddes (March 19, 1827 – February 21, 1887) was a soldier in India, a brigade commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, college administrator and professor, and military songwriter. Title: Soviet invasion of Poland Passage: The Soviet invasion of Poland was a Soviet military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939. On that morning, 16 days after Germany invaded Poland from the west, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two - way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by both Germany and the Soviet Union. The joint German - Soviet invasion of Poland was secretly agreed to following the signing of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact on 23 August 1939.	[ "59th Brigade (United Kingdom)", "Saint Barthélemy" ]
2hop__6458_89167	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering.", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 uses the Apple A10 Fusion 64 - bit system - on - chip, which consists of two low - power cores and two high - power cores (only two cores are used at any point in time). The A10 chip also features a hexa - core graphics chip capable of ``console - level gaming ''. As with prior models, iPhone 7 is available in two sizes: one with a 4.7 - inch screen, and a`` Plus'' variant with a 5.5 - inch screen. The displays have identical sizes and resolutions to iPhone 6S, but with a wider color gamut and increased brightness. The screen - to - body ratio is about ~ 66% and ~ 68% for the 7 and 7 Plus, respectively.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the eighth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 5S that were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly were themselves replaced as the flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering.", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 9, 2007, Apple Computer, Inc. shortened its name to simply Apple Inc. In his Macworld Expo keynote address, Steve Jobs explained that with their current product mix consisting of the iPod and Apple TV as well as their Macintosh brand, Apple really was n't just a computer company anymore. At the same address, Jobs revealed a product that would revolutionize an industry in which Apple had never previously competed: the Apple iPhone. The iPhone combined Apple's first widescreen iPod with the world's first mobile device boasting visual voicemail, and an internet communicator able to run a fully functional version of Apple's web browser, Safari, on the then - named iPhone OS (later renamed iOS).", "title": "History of Apple Inc." }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 21, 2017, Apple announced an iPhone 7 with a red color finish (and white front), as part of its partnership with Product Red to highlight its AIDS fundraising campaign. It launched on March 24, 2017, but it was later discontinued after the announcement of the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 18, 2014, an 8 GB version of the device was released in UK, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, Sweden and China. On September 9, 2014, Apple discontinued the iPhone 4S as part of its annual refresh of the iPhone lineup -- in which time the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were introduced -- thus making the iPhone 5C the entry - level model complimentary when a two - year contract is signed with a US carrier or $349 off - contract. The 16 & 32 GB versions of the iPhone 5C were also discontinued globally, replaced by the 8 GB model. However, some carriers in the US like AT&T kept the 16 GB and 32 GB models instead of having the 8 GB model, thus the 16 GB model was $0 (on - contract) and the 32 GB was priced between $50 -- $100 (on - contract). The 8 GB iPhone 5C succeeded the discontinued iPhone 4S as Apple's entry - level smartphone.", "title": "IPhone 5C" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the long-anticipated iPhone, a convergence of an Internet-enabled smartphone and iPod. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, for $499 (4 GB) and $599 (8 GB) with an AT&T contract. On February 5, 2008, it was updated to have 16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models. It combined a 2.5G quad band GSM and EDGE cellular phone with features found in handheld devices, running a scaled-down version of OS X (dubbed iPhone OS after the launch and later renamed to iOS), with various Mac OS X applications such as Safari and Mail. It also includes web-based and Dashboard apps such as Google Maps and Weather. The iPhone features a 3.5-inch (89 mm) touchscreen display, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (both \"b\" and \"g\").A second version, the iPhone 3G, was released on July 11, 2008, with a reduced price of $199 for the 8 GB model and $299 for the 16 GB model. This version added support for 3G networking and assisted GPS navigation. The flat silver back and large antenna square of the original model were eliminated in favor of a glossy, curved black or white back. Software capabilities were improved with the release of the App Store, which provided iPhone-compatible applications to download. On April 24, 2009, the App Store surpassed one billion downloads. On June 8, 2009, Apple announced the iPhone 3GS. It provided an incremental update to the device, including faster internal components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capability, and voice control.", "title": "Apple Inc." }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market.", "title": "Web browser" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They will be succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the higher - end iPhone X, at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus, and were released on September 22, 2017, succeeding iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.", "title": "IPhone 8" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The A11 is manufactured by TSMC using a 10 nm FinFET process and contains 4.3 billion transistors on a die 87.66 mm in size, 41% smaller than the A10. It is manufactured in a package on package (PoP) together with 2 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone 8 and 3 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X.", "title": "Apple A11" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015.", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the upcoming iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 5 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the sixth generation of the iPhone succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C. Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012. The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and, setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last iPhone to be overseen by Steve Jobs.", "title": "IPhone 5" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus (stylized and marketed as iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus) are smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 9, 2015, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, with pre-orders beginning September 12 and official release on September 25, 2015. The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were succeeded by the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus in September 2016.", "title": "IPhone 6S" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices. Tests done by Apple on an iPhone 6 Plus showed apps launching 40 percent faster, the system keyboard activating 50 percent faster, and the camera opening 70 percent faster.", "title": "IOS 12" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone X (``X ''pronounced`` ten'' / tɛn /) is a smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. The phone was released on November 3, 2017. This device marks the iPhone series' tenth anniversary, with ``X ''being the symbol for`` ten'' in Roman numerals.", "title": "IPhone X" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6S is powered by the Apple A9 system - on - chip, which the company stated is up to 70% faster than Apple A8, and has up to 90% better graphics performance. The iPhone 6S has 2 GB of RAM, more than any previous iPhone, and also supports LTE Advanced. The Touch ID sensor on the 6S was also updated, with the new version having improved fingerprint scanning performance over the previous version.", "title": "IPhone 6S" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were moved to the midrange spot in Apple's iPhone lineup when the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in September 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued in most countries on September 7, 2016 when Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Their spot as the entry - level iPhone was replaced by the iPhone SE, which was released earlier on March 31, 2016. The iPhone 6 was relaunched with 32 GB of storage in Asian markets in February 2017 as a midrange / budget iPhone. It was later expanded to Europe, before hitting the US markets in May 2017, and Canada in July 2017.", "title": "IPhone 6" } ]	When did the iPhone 6s Plus come out by the manufacturer that created Safari?	September 25, 2015	[]	Title: History of Apple Inc. Passage: On January 9, 2007, Apple Computer, Inc. shortened its name to simply Apple Inc. In his Macworld Expo keynote address, Steve Jobs explained that with their current product mix consisting of the iPod and Apple TV as well as their Macintosh brand, Apple really was n't just a computer company anymore. At the same address, Jobs revealed a product that would revolutionize an industry in which Apple had never previously competed: the Apple iPhone. The iPhone combined Apple's first widescreen iPod with the world's first mobile device boasting visual voicemail, and an internet communicator able to run a fully functional version of Apple's web browser, Safari, on the then - named iPhone OS (later renamed iOS). Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They will be succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017. Title: IPhone X Passage: iPhone X (``X ''pronounced`` ten'' / tɛn /) is a smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. The phone was released on November 3, 2017. This device marks the iPhone series' tenth anniversary, with ``X ''being the symbol for`` ten'' in Roman numerals. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were moved to the midrange spot in Apple's iPhone lineup when the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in September 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued in most countries on September 7, 2016 when Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Their spot as the entry - level iPhone was replaced by the iPhone SE, which was released earlier on March 31, 2016. The iPhone 6 was relaunched with 32 GB of storage in Asian markets in February 2017 as a midrange / budget iPhone. It was later expanded to Europe, before hitting the US markets in May 2017, and Canada in July 2017. Title: Apple Inc. Passage: At the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the long-anticipated iPhone, a convergence of an Internet-enabled smartphone and iPod. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, for $499 (4 GB) and $599 (8 GB) with an AT&T contract. On February 5, 2008, it was updated to have 16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models. It combined a 2.5G quad band GSM and EDGE cellular phone with features found in handheld devices, running a scaled-down version of OS X (dubbed iPhone OS after the launch and later renamed to iOS), with various Mac OS X applications such as Safari and Mail. It also includes web-based and Dashboard apps such as Google Maps and Weather. The iPhone features a 3.5-inch (89 mm) touchscreen display, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (both "b" and "g").A second version, the iPhone 3G, was released on July 11, 2008, with a reduced price of $199 for the 8 GB model and $299 for the 16 GB model. This version added support for 3G networking and assisted GPS navigation. The flat silver back and large antenna square of the original model were eliminated in favor of a glossy, curved black or white back. Software capabilities were improved with the release of the App Store, which provided iPhone-compatible applications to download. On April 24, 2009, the App Store surpassed one billion downloads. On June 8, 2009, Apple announced the iPhone 3GS. It provided an incremental update to the device, including faster internal components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capability, and voice control. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017. Title: Apple A11 Passage: The A11 is manufactured by TSMC using a 10 nm FinFET process and contains 4.3 billion transistors on a die 87.66 mm in size, 41% smaller than the A10. It is manufactured in a package on package (PoP) together with 2 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone 8 and 3 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X. Title: IPhone 5C Passage: On March 18, 2014, an 8 GB version of the device was released in UK, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, Sweden and China. On September 9, 2014, Apple discontinued the iPhone 4S as part of its annual refresh of the iPhone lineup -- in which time the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were introduced -- thus making the iPhone 5C the entry - level model complimentary when a two - year contract is signed with a US carrier or $349 off - contract. The 16 & 32 GB versions of the iPhone 5C were also discontinued globally, replaced by the 8 GB model. However, some carriers in the US like AT&T kept the 16 GB and 32 GB models instead of having the 8 GB model, thus the 16 GB model was $0 (on - contract) and the 32 GB was priced between $50 -- $100 (on - contract). The 8 GB iPhone 5C succeeded the discontinued iPhone 4S as Apple's entry - level smartphone. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the upcoming iPhone X on November 3, 2017. Title: Web browser Passage: Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: On March 21, 2017, Apple announced an iPhone 7 with a red color finish (and white front), as part of its partnership with Product Red to highlight its AIDS fundraising campaign. It launched on March 24, 2017, but it was later discontinued after the announcement of the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 uses the Apple A10 Fusion 64 - bit system - on - chip, which consists of two low - power cores and two high - power cores (only two cores are used at any point in time). The A10 chip also features a hexa - core graphics chip capable of ``console - level gaming ''. As with prior models, iPhone 7 is available in two sizes: one with a 4.7 - inch screen, and a`` Plus'' variant with a 5.5 - inch screen. The displays have identical sizes and resolutions to iPhone 6S, but with a wider color gamut and increased brightness. The screen - to - body ratio is about ~ 66% and ~ 68% for the 7 and 7 Plus, respectively. Title: IOS 12 Passage: Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices. Tests done by Apple on an iPhone 6 Plus showed apps launching 40 percent faster, the system keyboard activating 50 percent faster, and the camera opening 70 percent faster. Title: IPhone 6S Passage: The iPhone 6S is powered by the Apple A9 system - on - chip, which the company stated is up to 70% faster than Apple A8, and has up to 90% better graphics performance. The iPhone 6S has 2 GB of RAM, more than any previous iPhone, and also supports LTE Advanced. The Touch ID sensor on the 6S was also updated, with the new version having improved fingerprint scanning performance over the previous version. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the eighth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 5S that were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly were themselves replaced as the flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering. Title: IPhone 6S Passage: iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus (stylized and marketed as iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus) are smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 9, 2015, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, with pre-orders beginning September 12 and official release on September 25, 2015. The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were succeeded by the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus in September 2016. Title: IPhone 5 Passage: The iPhone 5 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the sixth generation of the iPhone succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C. Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012. The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and, setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last iPhone to be overseen by Steve Jobs. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. Title: IPhone 8 Passage: iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the higher - end iPhone X, at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus, and were released on September 22, 2017, succeeding iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.	[ "Web browser", "IPhone 6S" ]
2hop__257846_500443	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences.", "title": "Scott Young (writer)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Bernardino-Riverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Downtown\" is the first single from Neil Young's twenty-third studio album, \"Mirror Ball\". The song was recorded with the members of American rock band Pearl Jam. The song was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 1996 Grammy Awards.", "title": "Downtown (Neil Young song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miguel Piñera is the fifth son of José Piñera Carvallo and Magdalena Echenique Rozas. His siblings are Guadalupe, José, Sebastián, Pablo, and María Teresa.", "title": "Miguel Piñera" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George William Weidler was one of six children born to the architect Alfred Weidler (1886–1966) and opera singer Margarete Therese Louisa (née Radon). The first four siblings (Waldtraud, Verena, Werther, and Wolfgang) were born in Germany. The eldest sibling, Waldtraud (later known as Sylvia) and the youngest sibling, Virginia, were both child film actresses. And one of his three brothers, Warner (born Werner Alfred Weidler), was a composer.", "title": "George William Weidler" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Legendary Siblings is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Gu Long's novel \"Juedai Shuangjiao\". The series was directed by Lee Kwok-lap and starred Jimmy Lin and Alec Su in the leading roles. It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1999 and was followed by \"The Legendary Siblings 2\" in 2002.", "title": "The Legendary Siblings" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleston is known for its unique culture, which blends traditional Southern U.S., English, French, and West African elements. The downtown peninsula has gained a reputation for its art, music, local cuisine, and fashion. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performing arts festivals. It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Half - siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half - brothers / half - sisters), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half - brothers / half - sisters. In law, the term consanguine is used in place of agnate). They share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related.", "title": "Sibling" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kerrytown Shops, Main Street Business District, the State Street Business District, and the South University Business District are commercial areas in downtown Ann Arbor. Three commercial areas south of downtown include the areas near I-94 and Ann Arbor-Saline Road, Briarwood Mall, and the South Industrial area. Other commercial areas include the Arborland/Washtenaw Avenue and Packard Road merchants on the east side, the Plymouth Road area in the northeast, and the Westgate/West Stadium areas on the west side. Downtown contains a mix of 19th- and early-20th-century structures and modern-style buildings, as well as a farmers' market in the Kerrytown district. The city's commercial districts are composed mostly of two- to four-story structures, although downtown and the area near Briarwood Mall contain a small number of high-rise buildings.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reunion district of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA) is an area in western downtown anchored by the Hyatt Regency Dallas and Reunion Tower. The name \"Reunion\" originates from the mid-nineteenth century commune, La Reunion.", "title": "Reunion District, Dallas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum () is a natural history and science museum in downtown Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 225 Frontenac Street in downtown Sherbrooke.", "title": "Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Out Here on My Own ''is a ballad from the 1980 musical film Fame, performed by Irene Cara. It was written by sibling songwriting duo Lesley Gore (lyricist) and Michael Gore (composer). The song was produced by Michael Gore, and published by MGM BMI / Variety ASCAP. Cara performed the song at the 1981 Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The song was released on the soundtrack to the 1980 film Fame, which also contains an instrumental version of the track.", "title": "Out Here on My Own" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Downtown Yonge is a retail and entertainment district centred on Yonge Street in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Downtown Yonge district is bounded by Richmond Street to the south; Grosvenor and Alexander Streets to the north; Bay Street to the west; and portions of Church Street, Victoria Street, and Bond Street to the east. All property owners and commercial tenants within these boundaries are members of the \"Downtown Yonge Business Improvement Area\" association, founded in 2001.", "title": "Downtown Yonge" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto Sinding was born in Kongsberg as a son of mine superintendent Matthias Wilhelm Sinding (1811–1860) and Cecilie Marie Mejdell (1817–86). He was the older brother of the sculptor Stephan Sinding and the composer Christian Sinding. He was a nephew of Nicolai Mejdell (1822–1899) and Thorvald Mejdell (1824–1908), and through the former a first cousin of Glør Thorvald Mejdell, who married Otto's sister Thora Cathrine Sinding. Otto Sinding was also a first cousin of Alfred Sinding-Larsen and the three siblings Ernst Anton Henrik Sinding, Elisabeth Sinding and Gustav Adolf Sinding.", "title": "Otto Sinding" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Lauren (born October 31, 1971) is the middle child and youngest son of clothing designer Ralph Lauren. His siblings are Dylan and Andrew Lauren.", "title": "David Lauren" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numbers 1-0 is a public artwork by the American artist Robert Indiana, located at the Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA), which is near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. This series of sculptures is composed of 10 brightly painted numerical digits, each made of aluminum and set on its own base. Their construction took place at the former Lippincott Foundry in North Haven, Connecticut from 1980 to 1983.", "title": "Numbers 1-0" } ]	Who is the sibling of the composer of Downtown?	Astrid Young	[]	Title: Sibling Passage: Half - siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half - brothers / half - sisters), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half - brothers / half - sisters. In law, the term consanguine is used in place of agnate). They share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related. Title: David Lauren Passage: David Lauren (born October 31, 1971) is the middle child and youngest son of clothing designer Ralph Lauren. His siblings are Dylan and Andrew Lauren. Title: The Legendary Siblings Passage: The Legendary Siblings is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Gu Long's novel "Juedai Shuangjiao". The series was directed by Lee Kwok-lap and starred Jimmy Lin and Alec Su in the leading roles. It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1999 and was followed by "The Legendary Siblings 2" in 2002. Title: Out Here on My Own Passage: ``Out Here on My Own ''is a ballad from the 1980 musical film Fame, performed by Irene Cara. It was written by sibling songwriting duo Lesley Gore (lyricist) and Michael Gore (composer). The song was produced by Michael Gore, and published by MGM BMI / Variety ASCAP. Cara performed the song at the 1981 Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The song was released on the soundtrack to the 1980 film Fame, which also contains an instrumental version of the track. Title: Miguel Piñera Passage: Miguel Piñera is the fifth son of José Piñera Carvallo and Magdalena Echenique Rozas. His siblings are Guadalupe, José, Sebastián, Pablo, and María Teresa. Title: Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum Passage: The Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum () is a natural history and science museum in downtown Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 225 Frontenac Street in downtown Sherbrooke. Title: Downtown Yonge Passage: Downtown Yonge is a retail and entertainment district centred on Yonge Street in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Downtown Yonge district is bounded by Richmond Street to the south; Grosvenor and Alexander Streets to the north; Bay Street to the west; and portions of Church Street, Victoria Street, and Bond Street to the east. All property owners and commercial tenants within these boundaries are members of the "Downtown Yonge Business Improvement Area" association, founded in 2001. Title: Reunion District, Dallas Passage: The Reunion district of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA) is an area in western downtown anchored by the Hyatt Regency Dallas and Reunion Tower. The name "Reunion" originates from the mid-nineteenth century commune, La Reunion. Title: Scott Young (writer) Passage: Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: The Kerrytown Shops, Main Street Business District, the State Street Business District, and the South University Business District are commercial areas in downtown Ann Arbor. Three commercial areas south of downtown include the areas near I-94 and Ann Arbor-Saline Road, Briarwood Mall, and the South Industrial area. Other commercial areas include the Arborland/Washtenaw Avenue and Packard Road merchants on the east side, the Plymouth Road area in the northeast, and the Westgate/West Stadium areas on the west side. Downtown contains a mix of 19th- and early-20th-century structures and modern-style buildings, as well as a farmers' market in the Kerrytown district. The city's commercial districts are composed mostly of two- to four-story structures, although downtown and the area near Briarwood Mall contain a small number of high-rise buildings. Title: Adolescence Passage: During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling. Title: Downtown (Neil Young song) Passage: "Downtown" is the first single from Neil Young's twenty-third studio album, "Mirror Ball". The song was recorded with the members of American rock band Pearl Jam. The song was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 1996 Grammy Awards. Title: Otto Sinding Passage: Otto Sinding was born in Kongsberg as a son of mine superintendent Matthias Wilhelm Sinding (1811–1860) and Cecilie Marie Mejdell (1817–86). He was the older brother of the sculptor Stephan Sinding and the composer Christian Sinding. He was a nephew of Nicolai Mejdell (1822–1899) and Thorvald Mejdell (1824–1908), and through the former a first cousin of Glør Thorvald Mejdell, who married Otto's sister Thora Cathrine Sinding. Otto Sinding was also a first cousin of Alfred Sinding-Larsen and the three siblings Ernst Anton Henrik Sinding, Elisabeth Sinding and Gustav Adolf Sinding. Title: Numbers 1-0 Passage: Numbers 1-0 is a public artwork by the American artist Robert Indiana, located at the Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA), which is near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. This series of sculptures is composed of 10 brightly painted numerical digits, each made of aluminum and set on its own base. Their construction took place at the former Lippincott Foundry in North Haven, Connecticut from 1980 to 1983. Title: George William Weidler Passage: George William Weidler was one of six children born to the architect Alfred Weidler (1886–1966) and opera singer Margarete Therese Louisa (née Radon). The first four siblings (Waldtraud, Verena, Werther, and Wolfgang) were born in Germany. The eldest sibling, Waldtraud (later known as Sylvia) and the youngest sibling, Virginia, were both child film actresses. And one of his three brothers, Warner (born Werner Alfred Weidler), was a composer. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals. Title: Miami Passage: Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: Charleston is known for its unique culture, which blends traditional Southern U.S., English, French, and West African elements. The downtown peninsula has gained a reputation for its art, music, local cuisine, and fashion. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performing arts festivals. It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy. Title: Detroit Passage: As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services. Title: Southern California Passage: The San Bernardino-Riverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside.	[ "Scott Young (writer)", "Downtown (Neil Young song)" ]
2hop__299614_748934	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais.", "title": "Georgia-Imeretia Governorate" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.", "title": "Municipio XIX" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Poplar Thicket, also known as Marian R. Okie Memorial Wildlife Preserve at Poplar Thicket, is an archaeological site located near Lewes, Sussex County, Delaware. Poplar Thicket is the name of a farm purchased by L.P. Faucett in 1918. It consists of forest, marshes, and wetlands spread across a quarter-mile of undisturbed Indian River Bayshore. Austin Okie, a grandson of Faucett, donated the property to The Nature Conservancy in October 2007, to serve as a bird refuge. The property was subsequently transferred to the state of Delaware, establishing it as the Marian R. Okie Memorial Wildlife Preserve at Poplar Thicket. The property is administered by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and serves as a bird sanctuary, used for conservation education and environmentally-sensitive activities such as bird-watching and walking.", "title": "Poplar Thicket" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coopers Corner is an unincorporated community located within Hopewell Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The settlement is centered about the intersection of County Routes 518 and 579.", "title": "Coopers Corner, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hopewell is an unincorporated community located within Sparta Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1,093 feet (333 m).", "title": "Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" } ]	What township includes Hopewell, New Jersey, in the county that also contains Poplar Thicket?	Sparta Township	[]	Title: Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey Passage: Hopewell is an unincorporated community located within Sparta Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1,093 feet (333 m). Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Olsztyn Voivodeship Passage: Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Georgia-Imeretia Governorate Passage: In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais. Title: Marussia Motors Passage: In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Poplar Thicket Passage: Poplar Thicket, also known as Marian R. Okie Memorial Wildlife Preserve at Poplar Thicket, is an archaeological site located near Lewes, Sussex County, Delaware. Poplar Thicket is the name of a farm purchased by L.P. Faucett in 1918. It consists of forest, marshes, and wetlands spread across a quarter-mile of undisturbed Indian River Bayshore. Austin Okie, a grandson of Faucett, donated the property to The Nature Conservancy in October 2007, to serve as a bird refuge. The property was subsequently transferred to the state of Delaware, establishing it as the Marian R. Okie Memorial Wildlife Preserve at Poplar Thicket. The property is administered by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and serves as a bird sanctuary, used for conservation education and environmentally-sensitive activities such as bird-watching and walking. Title: Deninu School Passage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Coopers Corner, New Jersey Passage: Coopers Corner is an unincorporated community located within Hopewell Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The settlement is centered about the intersection of County Routes 518 and 579. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Municipio XIX Passage: The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.	[ "Poplar Thicket", "Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey" ]
3hop2__763533_34948_74533	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The staff officer went to the airport and took off for the southwest. After flying for about three hours, while still nearly 160 km (100 mi) from Hiroshima, he and his pilot saw a great cloud of smoke from the bomb. After circling the city in order to survey the damage they landed south of the city, where the staff officer, after reporting to Tokyo, began to organize relief measures. Tokyo's first indication that the city had been destroyed by a new type of bomb came from President Truman's announcement of the strike, sixteen hours later.", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fontanelle is a city in Summerset Township, Adair County, Iowa, United States. The population was 672 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Fontanelle, Iowa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or \"...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth.\" Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō.", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnson Township is one of fourteen townships in Clinton County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 511 and it contained 209 housing units. The township was named for Richard M. Johnson, a military officer and later vice president of the United States.", "title": "Johnson Township, Clinton County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Längenbühl is a village in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. The former municipality of the district of Thun merged with Forst on January 1, 2007 to form Forst-Längenbühl.", "title": "Längenbühl" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prescott is a city in Prescott Township, Adams County, Iowa, United States. The population was 257 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Prescott, Iowa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed at least 129,000 people (most of whom were civilians) and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White City is a township and census-designated place in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The township is an enclave of the City of Sandy. The population was 5,407 at the 2010 census,", "title": "White City, Utah" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Republican City Township is one of sixteen townships in Harlan County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 129 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 117. The village of Republican City is less than a mile north of the township.", "title": "Republican City Township, Harlan County, Nebraska" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eckelson Township is a civil township in Barnes County, North Dakota, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 95.", "title": "Eckelson Township, Barnes County, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history.", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albany Township is a township in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 980 at the 2010 census. The city of Albany is surrounded by the township.", "title": "Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delano Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. Formed in 1882 from part of Rush Township, it is named for Warren Delano II, maternal grandfather of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, 1933-1945.", "title": "Delano Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing happened at 9: 02am and killed at least 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. Until the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the country's history.", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000 -- 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manannah Township is a township in Meeker County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 610 at the 2000 census. Most of the city of Eden Valley is located in Manannah Township", "title": "Manannah Township, Meeker County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McCalmont Township is a township in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,082 at the 2010 census. It was named for John Swayze McCalmont, president judge of the county at the time.", "title": "McCalmont Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sargeant is a city in Sargeant Township, Mower County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 61 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Sargeant, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed at least 129,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" } ]	Who was the president of the country where Eckelson Township is located when the first Japanese city was nuked?	President Truman	[]	Title: Fontanelle, Iowa Passage: Fontanelle is a city in Summerset Township, Adair County, Iowa, United States. The population was 672 at the 2010 census. Title: Eckelson Township, Barnes County, North Dakota Passage: Eckelson Township is a civil township in Barnes County, North Dakota, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 95. Title: Prescott, Iowa Passage: Prescott is a city in Prescott Township, Adams County, Iowa, United States. The population was 257 at the 2010 census. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000 -- 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. Title: Längenbühl Passage: Längenbühl is a village in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. The former municipality of the district of Thun merged with Forst on January 1, 2007 to form Forst-Längenbühl. Title: Sargeant, Minnesota Passage: Sargeant is a city in Sargeant Township, Mower County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 61 at the 2010 census. Title: Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota Passage: Albany Township is a township in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 980 at the 2010 census. The city of Albany is surrounded by the township. Title: White City, Utah Passage: White City is a township and census-designated place in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The township is an enclave of the City of Sandy. The population was 5,407 at the 2010 census, Title: McCalmont Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania Passage: McCalmont Township is a township in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,082 at the 2010 census. It was named for John Swayze McCalmont, president judge of the county at the time. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed at least 129,000 people (most of whom were civilians) and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. Title: Republican City Township, Harlan County, Nebraska Passage: Republican City Township is one of sixteen townships in Harlan County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 129 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 117. The village of Republican City is less than a mile north of the township. Title: Pacific War Passage: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: The staff officer went to the airport and took off for the southwest. After flying for about three hours, while still nearly 160 km (100 mi) from Hiroshima, he and his pilot saw a great cloud of smoke from the bomb. After circling the city in order to survey the damage they landed south of the city, where the staff officer, after reporting to Tokyo, began to organize relief measures. Tokyo's first indication that the city had been destroyed by a new type of bomb came from President Truman's announcement of the strike, sixteen hours later. Title: Johnson Township, Clinton County, Indiana Passage: Johnson Township is one of fourteen townships in Clinton County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 511 and it contained 209 housing units. The township was named for Richard M. Johnson, a military officer and later vice president of the United States. Title: Delano Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania Passage: Delano Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. Formed in 1882 from part of Rush Township, it is named for Warren Delano II, maternal grandfather of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, 1933-1945. Title: Oklahoma City bombing Passage: The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history. Title: Oklahoma City bombing Passage: The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing happened at 9: 02am and killed at least 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. Until the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the country's history. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history. Title: Manannah Township, Meeker County, Minnesota Passage: Manannah Township is a township in Meeker County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 610 at the 2000 census. Most of the city of Eden Valley is located in Manannah Township Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed at least 129,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.	[ "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Pacific War", "Eckelson Township, Barnes County, North Dakota" ]
2hop__644621_160837	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Syrians started immigrating to the Americas in the early part of the 1880s, the vast majority made South America their permanent home, a small percentage made their way to US, and an even smaller percentage settled in Canada. The overwhelming majority of Syrians who settled in Canada from the 1880s until the 1960s were of the Christian faith. The so - called Shepard of the lost flock, Saint Raphael Hawaweeny of Brooklyn, New York, came to Montreal in 1896 to help establish a Christian association called the Syrian Benevolent Society and then later on an Orthodox church in Montreal for the newly arrived Syrian faithful.", "title": "Syrian Canadians" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For FY 2010, Department of Defense spending amounts to 4.7% of GDP. Because the U.S. GDP has risen over time, the military budget can rise in absolute terms while shrinking as a percentage of the GDP. For example, the Department of Defense budget is slated to be $664 billion in 2010 (including the cost of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan previously funded through supplementary budget legislation), higher than at any other point in American history, but still 1.1 -- 1.4% lower as a percentage of GDP than the amount spent on military during the peak of Cold - War military spending in the late 1980s. Admiral Mike Mullen, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has called four percent an ``absolute floor ''. This calculation does not take into account some other military - related non-DOD spending, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, and interest paid on debt incurred in past wars, which has increased even as a percentage of the national GDP.", "title": "Military budget of the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures. In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country.", "title": "Florida" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most seasons led league, lowest percentage intercepted: 5, Sammy Baugh, 1940, 1942, 1944 -- 45, 1947 Lowest percentage passes had intercepted, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 1.55 (75 INTs, 4,850 attempts), Aaron Rodgers, 2005 -- 2017. Lowest percentage pick 6s, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 0.000412 (2 pick 6s, 4,850 attempts), Aaron Rodgers, 2005 -- 2017. Lowest percentage passes had intercepted season (minimum 200 attempts): 0.0 (0 INTs, 200 attempts), Brian Hoyer, 2016 Lowest percentage passes had intercepted rookie season: 0.87 (4 INTs, 459 attempts), Dak Prescott, 2016", "title": "List of National Football League records (individual)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Permanent Residents Admitted in 2015, by Top 10 Source Countries Rank Country Number Percentage Philippines 50,846 18.7 India 39,530 14.5 China 19,532 7.2 Iran 11,669 4.3 5 Pakistan 11,329 4.2 6 Syria 9,853 3.6 7 United States 7,522 3.0 8 France 5,807 2.0 9 United Kingdom 5,451 2.0 10 Nigeria 4,133 2.0 Top 10 Total 165,672 61.5 Other 106,173 38.5 Total 271,845 100", "title": "Immigration to Canada" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a listing of all 30 current Major League Baseball (MLB) teams ranked by win - loss record percentage, accurate as of the end of the August 26th, 2018. The records do not count wins and losses recorded by a team's playing time in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPP). Counting MLB statistics, the New York Yankees have the highest win - loss record percentage, with. 569. The San Diego Padres have the lowest win - loss record percentage, with. 461. The San Francisco Giants and Tampa Bay Rays have recorded the most and least overall wins, with 11,080 and 1,570, respectively. The Chicago Cubs lead the association with the most played games, with 21,351. Conversely, the Rays have played the fewest overall games, with 3,369.", "title": "List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicknamed \"The Walking City\", Boston hosts more pedestrian commuters than do other comparably populated cities. Owing to factors such as the compactness of the city and large student population, 13 percent of the population commutes by foot, making it the highest percentage of pedestrian commuters in the country out of the major American cities. In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States. As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacinto \"Jack\" Calvo González (June 11, 1894 – June 15, 1965) was born Jacinto Del Calvo in Havana, Cuba. He was an outfielder for the Washington Senators in 1913 and 1920. He played in 34 games, had 56 at bats, 10 runs, 9 hits, 1 triple, 1 home run, 4 RBIs, 3 walks, a .161 batting average, a .203 on-base percentage, a .250 slugging percentage, 67 total bases and 19 sacrifices. He died in Miami, Florida.", "title": "Jack Calvo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1983 the percentage of people either graduating from high school or failing to complete high school but getting a GED certification has increased from 85% to 88%. The greatest increases in educational attainment were documented in the 1950s, 60s and 70s. In the 1950s and much of the 1960s high school graduates constituted about 50% of those considered adults (25 and above). For young adults aged between 25 and 29, the percentage of either high school graduates or GED obtainers was roughly 50% in 1950 versus 90% today.", "title": "Educational attainment in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Larry Tsutomu Yaji (May 10, 1926 – December 30, 2013) was a professional baseball infielder who played for the Nishitetsu Lions in the Japanese Pacific League in 1952. He batted .224 with a .302 on-base percentage, .304 slugging percentage and 28 hits in 55 games.", "title": "Larry Yaji" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Top Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest percentages of Blacks or African - Americans, alone or with other races City Total Population Black or African American, alone or with other races Black or African American, alone Mixed - race Black / African - American Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Detroit, MI 713,777 84.3 82.7 83 1.6 Jackson, MS 173,514 80.1 79.4 242 0.7 Miami Gardens, FL 107,167 77.9 76.3 91 1.6 Birmingham, AL 212,237 74.0 73.4 257 0.6 Baltimore, MD 620,961 5 65.1 5 63.7 134 1.3 Memphis, TN 646,889 6 64.1 6 63.3 225 0.8 New Orleans, LA 343,831 7 61.2 7 60.2 184 1.0 Flint, MI 102,434 8 59.5 9 56.6 9 2.9 Montgomery, AL 205,764 9 57.4 8 56.6 231 0.8 Savannah, GA 136,286 10 56.7 10 55.4 139 1.3", "title": "List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During Shumway's tenure as president of BYU-Hawaii, the school focused on increasing the percentage of students from outside the United States. Among other programs, there were scholarships granted where officials of foreign governments were allowed to help determine who received the scholarship. Thailand was among the countries included in this initiative.", "title": "Eric B. Shumway" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Conviasa Boeing 737-291 Advanced (registered as YV-102T) ferry flight from Maiquetia, Venezuela to Latacunga, Ecuador crashed into Illiniza Volcano. The aircraft had been stored at Caracas and was being ferried to a new owner. There were 3 crew on board with no passengers. There were no survivors.", "title": "2008 Conviasa Boeing 737 crash" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2015[update]. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fourth highest in Asia, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington state have the highest minimum wages in the country, at $11.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3 percent of White, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Among Black workers, the percentage was about 4 percent.", "title": "Minimum wage in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It has the second largest number of users, after the English Wikipedia. However, it is ranked eighth for number of articles, below other Wikipedias devoted to languages with smaller numbers of speakers, such as German, French, Cebuano, Dutch and Russian. In terms of quality, parameters such as article size (over 2 KB: 40%) show it as the second out of the ten largest Wikipedias after the German one. As of October 2012, Spanish Wikipedia is the fourth Wikipedia in terms of the number of edits, as well as the third Wikipedia by the number of page views.By country of origin, by September 2017, Spain was the main contributor to the Spanish Wikipedia (39.2% of edits). It is followed by Argentina (10.7%), Chile (8.8%), the Netherlands (8.4%), Mexico (7.0%), Venezuela (5.1%), Peru (3.5%), the United States (3.1%), Colombia (2.7%), Uruguay (1.3%) and Germany (1.1%). Note that a number of bots are hosted in the Netherlands.", "title": "Spanish Wikipedia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck.", "title": "Retirement" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conviasa (legally Consorcio Venezolano de Industrias Aeronáuticas y Servicios Aéreos, S.A., \"Venezuelan Consortium of Aeronautics Industries and Air Services\") is an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Simón Bolívar International Airport in Maiquetía, Venezuela, near Caracas. It is the flag carrier and largest airline of Venezuela, operating services to domestic destinations and to destinations in the Caribbean and South America.", "title": "Conviasa" } ]	What percentage was the country Conviasa is located?	5.1	[]	Title: List of National Football League records (individual) Passage: Most seasons led league, lowest percentage intercepted: 5, Sammy Baugh, 1940, 1942, 1944 -- 45, 1947 Lowest percentage passes had intercepted, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 1.55 (75 INTs, 4,850 attempts), Aaron Rodgers, 2005 -- 2017. Lowest percentage pick 6s, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 0.000412 (2 pick 6s, 4,850 attempts), Aaron Rodgers, 2005 -- 2017. Lowest percentage passes had intercepted season (minimum 200 attempts): 0.0 (0 INTs, 200 attempts), Brian Hoyer, 2016 Lowest percentage passes had intercepted rookie season: 0.87 (4 INTs, 459 attempts), Dak Prescott, 2016 Title: Larry Yaji Passage: Larry Tsutomu Yaji (May 10, 1926 – December 30, 2013) was a professional baseball infielder who played for the Nishitetsu Lions in the Japanese Pacific League in 1952. He batted .224 with a .302 on-base percentage, .304 slugging percentage and 28 hits in 55 games. Title: List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records Passage: The following is a listing of all 30 current Major League Baseball (MLB) teams ranked by win - loss record percentage, accurate as of the end of the August 26th, 2018. The records do not count wins and losses recorded by a team's playing time in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPP). Counting MLB statistics, the New York Yankees have the highest win - loss record percentage, with. 569. The San Diego Padres have the lowest win - loss record percentage, with. 461. The San Francisco Giants and Tampa Bay Rays have recorded the most and least overall wins, with 11,080 and 1,570, respectively. The Chicago Cubs lead the association with the most played games, with 21,351. Conversely, the Rays have played the fewest overall games, with 3,369. Title: Jack Calvo Passage: Jacinto "Jack" Calvo González (June 11, 1894 – June 15, 1965) was born Jacinto Del Calvo in Havana, Cuba. He was an outfielder for the Washington Senators in 1913 and 1920. He played in 34 games, had 56 at bats, 10 runs, 9 hits, 1 triple, 1 home run, 4 RBIs, 3 walks, a .161 batting average, a .203 on-base percentage, a .250 slugging percentage, 67 total bases and 19 sacrifices. He died in Miami, Florida. Title: Syrian Canadians Passage: Syrians started immigrating to the Americas in the early part of the 1880s, the vast majority made South America their permanent home, a small percentage made their way to US, and an even smaller percentage settled in Canada. The overwhelming majority of Syrians who settled in Canada from the 1880s until the 1960s were of the Christian faith. The so - called Shepard of the lost flock, Saint Raphael Hawaweeny of Brooklyn, New York, came to Montreal in 1896 to help establish a Christian association called the Syrian Benevolent Society and then later on an Orthodox church in Montreal for the newly arrived Syrian faithful. Title: Florida Passage: At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures. In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country. Title: Immigration to Canada Passage: Permanent Residents Admitted in 2015, by Top 10 Source Countries Rank Country Number Percentage Philippines 50,846 18.7 India 39,530 14.5 China 19,532 7.2 Iran 11,669 4.3 5 Pakistan 11,329 4.2 6 Syria 9,853 3.6 7 United States 7,522 3.0 8 France 5,807 2.0 9 United Kingdom 5,451 2.0 10 Nigeria 4,133 2.0 Top 10 Total 165,672 61.5 Other 106,173 38.5 Total 271,845 100 Title: Conviasa Passage: Conviasa (legally Consorcio Venezolano de Industrias Aeronáuticas y Servicios Aéreos, S.A., "Venezuelan Consortium of Aeronautics Industries and Air Services") is an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Simón Bolívar International Airport in Maiquetía, Venezuela, near Caracas. It is the flag carrier and largest airline of Venezuela, operating services to domestic destinations and to destinations in the Caribbean and South America. Title: Israel Passage: In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2015[update]. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fourth highest in Asia, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world. Title: Military budget of the United States Passage: For FY 2010, Department of Defense spending amounts to 4.7% of GDP. Because the U.S. GDP has risen over time, the military budget can rise in absolute terms while shrinking as a percentage of the GDP. For example, the Department of Defense budget is slated to be $664 billion in 2010 (including the cost of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan previously funded through supplementary budget legislation), higher than at any other point in American history, but still 1.1 -- 1.4% lower as a percentage of GDP than the amount spent on military during the peak of Cold - War military spending in the late 1980s. Admiral Mike Mullen, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has called four percent an ``absolute floor ''. This calculation does not take into account some other military - related non-DOD spending, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, and interest paid on debt incurred in past wars, which has increased even as a percentage of the national GDP. Title: Retirement Passage: Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck. Title: Boston Passage: Nicknamed "The Walking City", Boston hosts more pedestrian commuters than do other comparably populated cities. Owing to factors such as the compactness of the city and large student population, 13 percent of the population commutes by foot, making it the highest percentage of pedestrian commuters in the country out of the major American cities. In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States. As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. Title: List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations Passage: Top Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest percentages of Blacks or African - Americans, alone or with other races City Total Population Black or African American, alone or with other races Black or African American, alone Mixed - race Black / African - American Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Detroit, MI 713,777 84.3 82.7 83 1.6 Jackson, MS 173,514 80.1 79.4 242 0.7 Miami Gardens, FL 107,167 77.9 76.3 91 1.6 Birmingham, AL 212,237 74.0 73.4 257 0.6 Baltimore, MD 620,961 5 65.1 5 63.7 134 1.3 Memphis, TN 646,889 6 64.1 6 63.3 225 0.8 New Orleans, LA 343,831 7 61.2 7 60.2 184 1.0 Flint, MI 102,434 8 59.5 9 56.6 9 2.9 Montgomery, AL 205,764 9 57.4 8 56.6 231 0.8 Savannah, GA 136,286 10 56.7 10 55.4 139 1.3 Title: Minimum wage in the United States Passage: Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington state have the highest minimum wages in the country, at $11.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3 percent of White, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Among Black workers, the percentage was about 4 percent. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony. Title: Eric B. Shumway Passage: During Shumway's tenure as president of BYU-Hawaii, the school focused on increasing the percentage of students from outside the United States. Among other programs, there were scholarships granted where officials of foreign governments were allowed to help determine who received the scholarship. Thailand was among the countries included in this initiative. Title: Educational attainment in the United States Passage: Since 1983 the percentage of people either graduating from high school or failing to complete high school but getting a GED certification has increased from 85% to 88%. The greatest increases in educational attainment were documented in the 1950s, 60s and 70s. In the 1950s and much of the 1960s high school graduates constituted about 50% of those considered adults (25 and above). For young adults aged between 25 and 29, the percentage of either high school graduates or GED obtainers was roughly 50% in 1950 versus 90% today. Title: 2008 Conviasa Boeing 737 crash Passage: A Conviasa Boeing 737-291 Advanced (registered as YV-102T) ferry flight from Maiquetia, Venezuela to Latacunga, Ecuador crashed into Illiniza Volcano. The aircraft had been stored at Caracas and was being ferried to a new owner. There were 3 crew on board with no passengers. There were no survivors. Title: Spanish Wikipedia Passage: It has the second largest number of users, after the English Wikipedia. However, it is ranked eighth for number of articles, below other Wikipedias devoted to languages with smaller numbers of speakers, such as German, French, Cebuano, Dutch and Russian. In terms of quality, parameters such as article size (over 2 KB: 40%) show it as the second out of the ten largest Wikipedias after the German one. As of October 2012, Spanish Wikipedia is the fourth Wikipedia in terms of the number of edits, as well as the third Wikipedia by the number of page views.By country of origin, by September 2017, Spain was the main contributor to the Spanish Wikipedia (39.2% of edits). It is followed by Argentina (10.7%), Chile (8.8%), the Netherlands (8.4%), Mexico (7.0%), Venezuela (5.1%), Peru (3.5%), the United States (3.1%), Colombia (2.7%), Uruguay (1.3%) and Germany (1.1%). Note that a number of bots are hosted in the Netherlands.	[ "2008 Conviasa Boeing 737 crash", "Spanish Wikipedia" ]
2hop__812993_523858	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.", "title": "Republic of China Military Police" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps, such as Private France Silva who during the Boxer Rebellion became the first Marine of the thirteen Marines of Hispanic descent to be awarded the Medal of Honor, and Private First Class Guy Gabaldon who is credited with capturing over 1,000 enemy soldiers and civilians during World War II, have distinguished themselves in combat. Hispanics have participated as members of the United States Marine Corps in the Boxer Rebellion, World War I, the American intervention in Latin America also known as the Banana Wars, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War and most recently in the military campaigns of Afghanistan and Iraq.", "title": "Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ernest Carroll Moore (1871–1955) was an American educator. He co-founded the University of California, Southern Branch, in Los Angeles, California.", "title": "Ernest Carroll Moore" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The île de Nantes (Island of Nantes) is an island located in the centre of the city of Nantes, France, surrounded by two branches of the Loire River - the \"bras de la Madeleine\" (branch of the Madeleine) at the north and the \"bras de Pirmil\" (branch of Pirmil) at the south. It is one of the eleven neighbourhoods of Nantes.", "title": "Île de Nantes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marciel Silva da Silva (born 8 March 1995) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as midfielder for Vitória on loan from Corinthians.", "title": "Marciel Silva da Silva" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Vietnam Navy (VNN; ; \"HQVNCH\") was the naval branch of the South Vietnamese military, the official armed forces of the former Republic of Vietnam (or South Vietnam) from 1955 to 1975. The early fleet consisted of boats from France. After 1955 and the transfer of the armed forces to Vietnamese control, the fleet was supplied from the United States. With assistance from the U.S., the VNN became the largest Southeast Asian navy, with 42,000 personnel, 672 amphibious ships and craft, 20 mine warfare vessels, 450 patrol craft, 56 service craft, and 242 junks.", "title": "Republic of Vietnam Navy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gare de Morlaix is a railway station serving the town Morlaix, Finistère department, western France. It is situated on the Paris–Brest railway and the branch to Roscoff.", "title": "Gare de Morlaix" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano (1418 – 19 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France.", "title": "Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bustec was founded in 1997, in Ireland by Dr. Fred Bloennigen, current CEO. In 2000 the company opened its branch in the USA.", "title": "Bustec" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State. The Courts are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches. The Supreme Courts are institutions of last resort/appeal. A thirteen-member Constitutional Court oversees the constitutionality of the laws.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Henriques da Silva Maia Pinto (5 June 1866, in Porto – 2 November 1932), more commonly known as Carlos Maia Pinto, was a Portuguese military officer and republican politician during the Portuguese First Republic who, among others posts, served as President of the Ministry (Prime Minister).", "title": "Carlos Maia Pinto" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.", "title": "United States Air Force" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ana da Silva is a founding member of The Raincoats. In February 2005, she released a solo album \"The Lighthouse\" on Chicks on Speed Records.", "title": "Ana da Silva" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, Benghazi, Libya is named one of the most dangerous places in the world, and countries have pulled their diplomatic offices out of the country in fear of an attack by militants. The United States, however, still has a diplomatic compound (not an official consulate) open in the city. Less than a mile away is a CIA outpost called \"The Annex\", which is protected by a team of private military contractors from Global Response Staff (GRS). New to the detail is Jack Silva, who arrives in Benghazi and is picked up by Tyrone \"Rone\" Woods, commander of the GRS team and a personal friend of Silva. Arriving at the Annex, Silva is introduced to the rest of the GRS team and the CIA Chief of Station, who constantly gives the team strict reminders to never engage the citizens.", "title": "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Nicholas (1744 – 27 August 1790) was the first officer commissioned in the United States Continental Marines (predecessor to the United States Marine Corps) and by tradition is considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps.", "title": "Samuel Nicholas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La Samaritaine, another upscale department store also owned by LVMH, closed in 2005. Mid-range department stores chains also exist in France such as the BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville), part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "António da Silva Monteiro, 1st Count of Silva Monteiro (August 16, 1822, in Lordelo do Ouro, Porto – January 15, 1885) was a Portuguese nobleman.", "title": "António da Silva Monteiro, 1st Count of Silva Monteiro" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victor Rodrigues da Silva or Victor da Silva (born February 10, 1976 in Brazil) is a Brazilian footballers who currently plays in defensive midfielder and defender for Persisko Merangin.", "title": "Victor Rodrigues da Silva" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wálter Machado da Silva (born January 2, 1940 in Ribeirão Preto), better known as \"Silva Batuta\" in Brazil, or Machado da Silva in Argentina, is a former Brazilian footballer.", "title": "Silva Batuta" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Twin Branch is an unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. Twin Branch is west-southwest of Davy. It was founded by Henry Ford as a mining community.", "title": "Twin Branch, West Virginia" } ]	Who founded the military branch France Silva was part of?	Samuel Nicholas	[]	Title: Marciel Silva da Silva Passage: Marciel Silva da Silva (born 8 March 1995) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as midfielder for Vitória on loan from Corinthians. Title: Department store Passage: France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La Samaritaine, another upscale department store also owned by LVMH, closed in 2005. Mid-range department stores chains also exist in France such as the BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville), part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette. Title: Twin Branch, West Virginia Passage: Twin Branch is an unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. Twin Branch is west-southwest of Davy. It was founded by Henry Ford as a mining community. Title: Gare de Morlaix Passage: Gare de Morlaix is a railway station serving the town Morlaix, Finistère department, western France. It is situated on the Paris–Brest railway and the branch to Roscoff. Title: Silva Batuta Passage: Wálter Machado da Silva (born January 2, 1940 in Ribeirão Preto), better known as "Silva Batuta" in Brazil, or Machado da Silva in Argentina, is a former Brazilian footballer. Title: Republic of Vietnam Navy Passage: The Republic of Vietnam Navy (VNN; ; "HQVNCH") was the naval branch of the South Vietnamese military, the official armed forces of the former Republic of Vietnam (or South Vietnam) from 1955 to 1975. The early fleet consisted of boats from France. After 1955 and the transfer of the armed forces to Vietnamese control, the fleet was supplied from the United States. With assistance from the U.S., the VNN became the largest Southeast Asian navy, with 42,000 personnel, 672 amphibious ships and craft, 20 mine warfare vessels, 450 patrol craft, 56 service craft, and 242 junks. Title: Ana da Silva Passage: Ana da Silva is a founding member of The Raincoats. In February 2005, she released a solo album "The Lighthouse" on Chicks on Speed Records. Title: Samuel Nicholas Passage: Samuel Nicholas (1744 – 27 August 1790) was the first officer commissioned in the United States Continental Marines (predecessor to the United States Marine Corps) and by tradition is considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps. Title: Carlos Maia Pinto Passage: Carlos Henriques da Silva Maia Pinto (5 June 1866, in Porto – 2 November 1932), more commonly known as Carlos Maia Pinto, was a Portuguese military officer and republican politician during the Portuguese First Republic who, among others posts, served as President of the Ministry (Prime Minister). Title: Ernest Carroll Moore Passage: Ernest Carroll Moore (1871–1955) was an American educator. He co-founded the University of California, Southern Branch, in Los Angeles, California. Title: António da Silva Monteiro, 1st Count of Silva Monteiro Passage: António da Silva Monteiro, 1st Count of Silva Monteiro (August 16, 1822, in Lordelo do Ouro, Porto – January 15, 1885) was a Portuguese nobleman. Title: Bustec Passage: Bustec was founded in 1997, in Ireland by Dr. Fred Bloennigen, current CEO. In 2000 the company opened its branch in the USA. Title: Victor Rodrigues da Silva Passage: Victor Rodrigues da Silva or Victor da Silva (born February 10, 1976 in Brazil) is a Brazilian footballers who currently plays in defensive midfielder and defender for Persisko Merangin. Title: United States Air Force Passage: The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support. Title: 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi Passage: In 2012, Benghazi, Libya is named one of the most dangerous places in the world, and countries have pulled their diplomatic offices out of the country in fear of an attack by militants. The United States, however, still has a diplomatic compound (not an official consulate) open in the city. Less than a mile away is a CIA outpost called "The Annex", which is protected by a team of private military contractors from Global Response Staff (GRS). New to the detail is Jack Silva, who arrives in Benghazi and is picked up by Tyrone "Rone" Woods, commander of the GRS team and a personal friend of Silva. Arriving at the Annex, Silva is introduced to the rest of the GRS team and the CIA Chief of Station, who constantly gives the team strict reminders to never engage the citizens. Title: Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps Passage: Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps, such as Private France Silva who during the Boxer Rebellion became the first Marine of the thirteen Marines of Hispanic descent to be awarded the Medal of Honor, and Private First Class Guy Gabaldon who is credited with capturing over 1,000 enemy soldiers and civilians during World War II, have distinguished themselves in combat. Hispanics have participated as members of the United States Marine Corps in the Boxer Rebellion, World War I, the American intervention in Latin America also known as the Banana Wars, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War and most recently in the military campaigns of Afghanistan and Iraq. Title: Portugal Passage: The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State. The Courts are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches. The Supreme Courts are institutions of last resort/appeal. A thirteen-member Constitutional Court oversees the constitutionality of the laws. Title: Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol Passage: Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano (1418 – 19 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France. Title: Île de Nantes Passage: The île de Nantes (Island of Nantes) is an island located in the centre of the city of Nantes, France, surrounded by two branches of the Loire River - the "bras de la Madeleine" (branch of the Madeleine) at the north and the "bras de Pirmil" (branch of Pirmil) at the south. It is one of the eleven neighbourhoods of Nantes. Title: Republic of China Military Police Passage: The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.	[ "Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps", "Samuel Nicholas" ]
2hop__134695_21022	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings.", "title": "Political party" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "María Martorell Pallás (born 28 March 1942 in Valencia, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP).", "title": "María Martorell" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ARY Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer is one of the ARY Film Awards of Merit presented annually by the ARY Digital Network and Entertainment Channel to male playback singer, who has delivered an outstanding performance in a film song while working in the film industry.", "title": "ARY Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francesc Ricomá de Castellarnau (Tarragona, Spain, 27 January 1960) is a Spanish teacher and politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP), the main opposition party since the 2004 General Election.", "title": "Francesc Ricomá de Castellarnau" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Aris Myint San Aung (, ; born 12 April 1973) is an English civil rights activist. Alexander Aris is the elder son of Aung San Suu Kyi and Michael Aris. He is also a grandson of Aung San, who achieved the Independence Of Myanmar (although he was assassinated in 1947, one year before the Independence)", "title": "Alexander Aris" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hajiani Lanjo (Sindhi: ) is a liberal political and social activist from Tharparkar, a remote and underdeveloped desert area of Sindh, Pakistan. She belongs to the Qaumi Awami Tehreek party and Sindhiani Tahreek. She reached prominence after challenged Arbab Ghulam Rahim, a powerful tribal leader from Tharparkar, in the constituency of NA-229 in election-2013.", "title": "Hajiani Lanjo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander was succeeded by his son Nicholas II (1894–1917). The Industrial Revolution, which began to exert a significant influence in Russia, was meanwhile creating forces that would finally overthrow the tsar. Politically, these opposition forces organized into three competing parties: The liberal elements among the industrial capitalists and nobility, who believed in peaceful social reform and a constitutional monarchy, founded the Constitutional Democratic party or Kadets in 1905. Followers of the Narodnik tradition established the Socialist-Revolutionary Party or Esers in 1901, advocating the distribution of land among those who actually worked it—the peasants. A third radical group founded the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party or RSDLP in 1898; this party was the primary exponent of Marxism in Russia. Gathering their support from the radical intellectuals and the urban working class, they advocated complete social, economic and political revolution.", "title": "History of Russia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is general agreement that the United States has a two - party system; historically, there have been few instances in which third party candidates won an election. In the First Party System, only Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties. Toward the end of the First Party System, the Republicans dominated a one - party system (primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe). Under the Second Party System, the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams' Men and Jackson's Men. In 1828, the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson. The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams. After the National Republicans collapsed, the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed. In 1854, the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs, Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists. Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860.", "title": "Two-party system" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic - Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the ``Republican Party. ''The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800.", "title": "First Party System" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of Canada (French: Parti communiste du Canada, CPC / PCC) is a communist political party in Canada founded in 1921 under conditions of illegality. Although it is now a political party without any elected political representation, the party's candidates have been elected to the Parliament of Canada, the Ontario legislature, the Manitoba legislature, and various municipal governments across the country. The party has also contributed significantly to trade union organizing and labour history in Canada, peace and anti-war activism, and many other social movements.", "title": "Communist Party of Canada" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China. The United States is a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.", "title": "Political party" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belaya Rus () is a Belarusian public association founded on 17 November 2007 to support President Alexander Lukashenko. Since then, the leaders of the organization have regularly announced that they are ready to become a political party. President Lukashenko neither firmly opposed the idea, nor supported it. He has made comments such as: \"Well, if they are ready, let them be a party, I am not against it. On the contrary, I will support it because they are patriots. But I wouldn't advise them to hurry.\" The party is based on the idea of the All-Russia People's Front. It has no real ideology outside of absolute support for Lukashenko. The leader of the association is former minister of Education of Belarus, Alexander Radkov. The NGO has a membership of over 160,000.", "title": "Belaya Rus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander del Mar (aka Alexander Del Mar and Alexander Delmar) (August 9, 1836 – July 1, 1926) was an American political economist, historian, numismatist and author. He was the first Director of the Bureau of Statistics at the U.S. Treasury Department from 1866–69.", "title": "Alexander del Mar" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ARY Film Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role is one of the ARY Film Awards of Merit presented annually by the ARY Digital Network and Entertainment Channel to recognize the Male and Female negative actor who has delivered an outstanding villain performance while working in the film industry.", "title": "ARY Film Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Meghalaya Progressive Alliance (MPA) was the ruling coalition of political parties that formed the Government in the state of Meghalaya, India from 2008 to 2009. It was led by the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and the United Democratic Party (UDP) who are the second and third largest parties in the 8th Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. Chief Minister Dr. Donkupar Roy and the other ministers in the Government belong to the MPA.", "title": "Meghalaya Progressive Alliance" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "States' Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats) Founded 1948 (1948) Dissolved 1948 (1948) Split from Democratic Party Merged into Democratic Party Ideology States' rights Racial segregation Social conservatism Political position Right - wing Politics of United States Political parties Elections", "title": "Dixiecrat" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moderation and Development Party () is a political party in Iran. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002.", "title": "Moderation and Development Party" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ontario Libertarian Party Parti libertarien de l'Ontario Active provincial party Leader Rob Ferguson (interim) President Gene Balfour Founded 1975 (1975) Headquarters Toronto, Ontario Ideology Libertarianism Colours Yellow Website www.libertarian.on.ca Politics of Ontario Political parties Elections", "title": "Ontario Libertarian Party" } ]	To which political party does the mother of Alexander Aris belong?	National League for Democracy (NLD) party	[ "National League for Democracy", "NLD" ]	Title: Two-party system Passage: There is general agreement that the United States has a two - party system; historically, there have been few instances in which third party candidates won an election. In the First Party System, only Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties. Toward the end of the First Party System, the Republicans dominated a one - party system (primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe). Under the Second Party System, the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams' Men and Jackson's Men. In 1828, the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson. The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams. After the National Republicans collapsed, the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed. In 1854, the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs, Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists. Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860. Title: Belaya Rus Passage: Belaya Rus () is a Belarusian public association founded on 17 November 2007 to support President Alexander Lukashenko. Since then, the leaders of the organization have regularly announced that they are ready to become a political party. President Lukashenko neither firmly opposed the idea, nor supported it. He has made comments such as: "Well, if they are ready, let them be a party, I am not against it. On the contrary, I will support it because they are patriots. But I wouldn't advise them to hurry." The party is based on the idea of the All-Russia People's Front. It has no real ideology outside of absolute support for Lukashenko. The leader of the association is former minister of Education of Belarus, Alexander Radkov. The NGO has a membership of over 160,000. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties. Title: Meghalaya Progressive Alliance Passage: The Meghalaya Progressive Alliance (MPA) was the ruling coalition of political parties that formed the Government in the state of Meghalaya, India from 2008 to 2009. It was led by the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and the United Democratic Party (UDP) who are the second and third largest parties in the 8th Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. Chief Minister Dr. Donkupar Roy and the other ministers in the Government belong to the MPA. Title: Moderation and Development Party Passage: Moderation and Development Party () is a political party in Iran. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002. Title: Dixiecrat Passage: States' Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats) Founded 1948 (1948) Dissolved 1948 (1948) Split from Democratic Party Merged into Democratic Party Ideology States' rights Racial segregation Social conservatism Political position Right - wing Politics of United States Political parties Elections Title: Myanmar Passage: The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues. Title: Francesc Ricomá de Castellarnau Passage: Francesc Ricomá de Castellarnau (Tarragona, Spain, 27 January 1960) is a Spanish teacher and politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP), the main opposition party since the 2004 General Election. Title: ARY Film Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role Passage: ARY Film Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role is one of the ARY Film Awards of Merit presented annually by the ARY Digital Network and Entertainment Channel to recognize the Male and Female negative actor who has delivered an outstanding villain performance while working in the film industry. Title: Political party Passage: While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China. The United States is a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Title: Alexander del Mar Passage: Alexander del Mar (aka Alexander Del Mar and Alexander Delmar) (August 9, 1836 – July 1, 1926) was an American political economist, historian, numismatist and author. He was the first Director of the Bureau of Statistics at the U.S. Treasury Department from 1866–69. Title: Alexander Aris Passage: Alexander Aris Myint San Aung (, ; born 12 April 1973) is an English civil rights activist. Alexander Aris is the elder son of Aung San Suu Kyi and Michael Aris. He is also a grandson of Aung San, who achieved the Independence Of Myanmar (although he was assassinated in 1947, one year before the Independence) Title: Ontario Libertarian Party Passage: Ontario Libertarian Party Parti libertarien de l'Ontario Active provincial party Leader Rob Ferguson (interim) President Gene Balfour Founded 1975 (1975) Headquarters Toronto, Ontario Ideology Libertarianism Colours Yellow Website www.libertarian.on.ca Politics of Ontario Political parties Elections Title: ARY Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer Passage: The ARY Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer is one of the ARY Film Awards of Merit presented annually by the ARY Digital Network and Entertainment Channel to male playback singer, who has delivered an outstanding performance in a film song while working in the film industry. Title: Political party Passage: Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings. Title: History of Russia Passage: Alexander was succeeded by his son Nicholas II (1894–1917). The Industrial Revolution, which began to exert a significant influence in Russia, was meanwhile creating forces that would finally overthrow the tsar. Politically, these opposition forces organized into three competing parties: The liberal elements among the industrial capitalists and nobility, who believed in peaceful social reform and a constitutional monarchy, founded the Constitutional Democratic party or Kadets in 1905. Followers of the Narodnik tradition established the Socialist-Revolutionary Party or Esers in 1901, advocating the distribution of land among those who actually worked it—the peasants. A third radical group founded the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party or RSDLP in 1898; this party was the primary exponent of Marxism in Russia. Gathering their support from the radical intellectuals and the urban working class, they advocated complete social, economic and political revolution. Title: Hajiani Lanjo Passage: Hajiani Lanjo (Sindhi: ) is a liberal political and social activist from Tharparkar, a remote and underdeveloped desert area of Sindh, Pakistan. She belongs to the Qaumi Awami Tehreek party and Sindhiani Tahreek. She reached prominence after challenged Arbab Ghulam Rahim, a powerful tribal leader from Tharparkar, in the constituency of NA-229 in election-2013. Title: María Martorell Passage: María Martorell Pallás (born 28 March 1942 in Valencia, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP). Title: Communist Party of Canada Passage: The Communist Party of Canada (French: Parti communiste du Canada, CPC / PCC) is a communist political party in Canada founded in 1921 under conditions of illegality. Although it is now a political party without any elected political representation, the party's candidates have been elected to the Parliament of Canada, the Ontario legislature, the Manitoba legislature, and various municipal governments across the country. The party has also contributed significantly to trade union organizing and labour history in Canada, peace and anti-war activism, and many other social movements. Title: First Party System Passage: The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic - Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the ``Republican Party. ''The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800.	[ "Alexander Aris", "Myanmar" ]
3hop1__383692_434040_721025	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesus at the Center: Live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by Israel & New Breed. The album is released by Integrity Media and Columbia Records. The album was recorded live at Lakewood Church in early February 2012.", "title": "Jesus at the Center: Live" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Superchick made their debut in 1999 at an Audio Adrenaline concert in front of an audience of 5,000. They continued to perform at live events throughout that year.", "title": "Superchick" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Rudman has been a Sesame Street muppet performer since 1985 -- currently performing Cookie Monster, Baby Bear and The Two - Headed Monster. He has received four Emmy nominations as Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series for his work on Sesame Street. Rudman has also directed several web videos for Sesame Street such as ``Cookie Monster Auditions for Saturday Night Live ''and`` Conversations with Bert.'' He has performed in numerous television shows and specials including Saturday Night Live, The Colbert Report, The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and The Muppets, where he performed Scooter and Janice. His film credits include The Muppets Take Manhattan, Labyrinth, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, A Muppet Christmas Carol, Elmo in Grouchland, The Muppets and Muppets Most Wanted. Following the departure of Steve Whitmire in 2017, he became Beaker's new voice performer.", "title": "David Rudman" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Live in Las Vegas is a live album by American R&B-soul singer-songwriter Macy Gray. The album was recorded at the House of Blues in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2004 and released on DVD and CD in 2005.", "title": "Live in Las Vegas (Macy Gray album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of \"I Walk the Line\" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song was featured in the 2000 film Coyote Ugly in the scene where Violet first sees Kevin. The Calling performs the song live.", "title": "Wherever You Will Go" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adele performed the song several times. On 25 November 2010, the singer appeared on Dutch presenter Paul de Leeuw's Madiwodovrij Show to perform the song for the first time. She also performed it on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in the United States on 3 December 2010. The song was also performed in front of the Royal Family at the Royal Variety Performance, on 9 December 2010; the performance was broadcast 16 December 2010. On Alan Carr: Chatty Man in the United Kingdom on 17 January 2011. On 21 January 2011, Adele performed \"Rolling in the Deep\" in the finale of The Voice of Holland where she also performed \"Make You Feel My Love\" with finalist Kim de Boer. On 26 January 2011, she performed the song in the French television show Le Grand Journal. The song has also been featured in a television spot for the 2011 film I Am Number Four, in which it is also featured. As part of a promotional tour in North America for the album, Adele performed the song on Late Show with David Letterman on 21 February 2011, on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on 24 February 2011, on 1 March 2011 on MTV Live, and Dancing with the Stars on 10 May 2011. On 12 February 2012, she made another rendition of the song at the 54th Grammy Awards.", "title": "Rolling in the Deep" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luke Kennedy is an Australian performer best known for placing second on the second season of \"The Voice (Australia)\". He has also toured internationally with The Ten Tenors and performed the title role in \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" in six different productions around Australia.", "title": "Luke Kennedy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label.", "title": "The Opening (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Live Earth concert in Antarctica was held at Rothera Research Station, one in a series of Live Earth concerts that took place on July 7, 2007, in all seven continents. The band Nunatak performed as the lone act. Nunatak's performances, though performed in front of only 17 people, were broadcast all over the world. It was the first rock concert ever performed in Antarctica.", "title": "Live Earth concert, Antarctica" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amanda Coogan (born 1971) is an Irish performance artist, living and working in Dublin. She studied under the performance artist Marina Abramović at the HBK Hochschule fur Bildende Kunste, Braunschweig, Germany. In her performance art, she produces video and photographs from live performances. Her work often begins with her own body and often challenges the expectations born of context.", "title": "Amanda Coogan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The JC Williamson Award (formally known as the James Cassius Williamson Award), in honour of actor and theatre manager James Cassius Williamson, is a lifetime achievement award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 1998 in recognition of \"individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the Australian live entertainment and performing arts industry and shaped the future of our industry for the better\", and is the highest honour the LPA can bestow. Recipients, who are performers, administrators, entrepreneurs, members of the media, writers, directors or politicians, are chosen by the JC Williamson Award Committee.", "title": "JC Williamson Award" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over time, fidelity, dynamic and noise levels improved to the point that it was harder to tell the difference between a live performance in the studio and the recorded version. This was especially true after the invention of the variable reluctance magnetic pickup cartridge by General Electric in the 1940s when high quality cuts were played on well-designed audio systems. The Capehart radio/phonographs of the era with large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers, though not ideal, demonstrated this quite well with \"home recordings\" readily available in the music stores for the public to buy.", "title": "Phonograph record" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, \"Nuclear\". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for \"Love on Top\". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, \"God Made You Beautiful\". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tubular Bells II, The Performance Live at Edinburgh Castle is a live concert video by Mike Oldfield released in 1992.", "title": "Tubular Bells II Live" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Shamir Bailey (born November 7, 1994), known mononymously as Shamir, is an American singer, songwriter and actor from Las Vegas, Nevada. His debut extended play (EP), \"Northtown\", was released in June 2014 to positive reviews. In October 2014 he signed to XL Recordings and released the single \"On the Regular\". His debut LP \"Ratchet\" was released on May 19, 2015 in the United States.", "title": "Shamir (musician)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"If It Wasn't True\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Shamir Bailey, better known by his stage name Shamir, and included as the opening track on his debut extended play (EP) \"Northtown\". Musically, \"If It Wasn't True\" is an R&B, pop, and dance song. Shamir has called the track \"a breakup song, but not a typical one,\" and \"Vogue\" magazine in 2014 dubbed it \"Your New Favorite Breakup Song.\"", "title": "If It Wasn't True" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live is Jake Shimabukuro's 2009 solo album. It was released in April 2009, and consists of live in-concert performances from various venues around the world, including New York, Chicago, Japan, and Hawaii.", "title": "Live (Jake Shimabukuro album)" } ]	Who is the performer of the live album Live in the city If I Wasn't True's performer was born?	Macy Gray	[]	Title: Superchick Passage: Superchick made their debut in 1999 at an Audio Adrenaline concert in front of an audience of 5,000. They continued to perform at live events throughout that year. Title: Live in Las Vegas (Macy Gray album) Passage: Live in Las Vegas is a live album by American R&B-soul singer-songwriter Macy Gray. The album was recorded at the House of Blues in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2004 and released on DVD and CD in 2005. Title: American Idol Passage: Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result. Title: JC Williamson Award Passage: The JC Williamson Award (formally known as the James Cassius Williamson Award), in honour of actor and theatre manager James Cassius Williamson, is a lifetime achievement award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 1998 in recognition of "individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the Australian live entertainment and performing arts industry and shaped the future of our industry for the better", and is the highest honour the LPA can bestow. Recipients, who are performers, administrators, entrepreneurs, members of the media, writers, directors or politicians, are chosen by the JC Williamson Award Committee. Title: The Opening (album) Passage: The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label. Title: Beyoncé Passage: In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for "Love on Top". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, "God Made You Beautiful". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album. Title: Live (Jake Shimabukuro album) Passage: Live is Jake Shimabukuro's 2009 solo album. It was released in April 2009, and consists of live in-concert performances from various venues around the world, including New York, Chicago, Japan, and Hawaii. Title: Wherever You Will Go Passage: The song was featured in the 2000 film Coyote Ugly in the scene where Violet first sees Kevin. The Calling performs the song live. Title: Rolling in the Deep Passage: Adele performed the song several times. On 25 November 2010, the singer appeared on Dutch presenter Paul de Leeuw's Madiwodovrij Show to perform the song for the first time. She also performed it on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in the United States on 3 December 2010. The song was also performed in front of the Royal Family at the Royal Variety Performance, on 9 December 2010; the performance was broadcast 16 December 2010. On Alan Carr: Chatty Man in the United Kingdom on 17 January 2011. On 21 January 2011, Adele performed "Rolling in the Deep" in the finale of The Voice of Holland where she also performed "Make You Feel My Love" with finalist Kim de Boer. On 26 January 2011, she performed the song in the French television show Le Grand Journal. The song has also been featured in a television spot for the 2011 film I Am Number Four, in which it is also featured. As part of a promotional tour in North America for the album, Adele performed the song on Late Show with David Letterman on 21 February 2011, on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on 24 February 2011, on 1 March 2011 on MTV Live, and Dancing with the Stars on 10 May 2011. On 12 February 2012, she made another rendition of the song at the 54th Grammy Awards. Title: Live Earth concert, Antarctica Passage: The Live Earth concert in Antarctica was held at Rothera Research Station, one in a series of Live Earth concerts that took place on July 7, 2007, in all seven continents. The band Nunatak performed as the lone act. Nunatak's performances, though performed in front of only 17 people, were broadcast all over the world. It was the first rock concert ever performed in Antarctica. Title: Amanda Coogan Passage: Amanda Coogan (born 1971) is an Irish performance artist, living and working in Dublin. She studied under the performance artist Marina Abramović at the HBK Hochschule fur Bildende Kunste, Braunschweig, Germany. In her performance art, she produces video and photographs from live performances. Her work often begins with her own body and often challenges the expectations born of context. Title: If It Wasn't True Passage: "If It Wasn't True" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Shamir Bailey, better known by his stage name Shamir, and included as the opening track on his debut extended play (EP) "Northtown". Musically, "If It Wasn't True" is an R&B, pop, and dance song. Shamir has called the track "a breakup song, but not a typical one," and "Vogue" magazine in 2014 dubbed it "Your New Favorite Breakup Song." Title: Jesus at the Center: Live Passage: Jesus at the Center: Live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by Israel & New Breed. The album is released by Integrity Media and Columbia Records. The album was recorded live at Lakewood Church in early February 2012. Title: Luke Kennedy Passage: Luke Kennedy is an Australian performer best known for placing second on the second season of "The Voice (Australia)". He has also toured internationally with The Ten Tenors and performed the title role in "Jesus Christ Superstar" in six different productions around Australia. Title: Tubular Bells II Live Passage: Tubular Bells II, The Performance Live at Edinburgh Castle is a live concert video by Mike Oldfield released in 1992. Title: Phonograph record Passage: Over time, fidelity, dynamic and noise levels improved to the point that it was harder to tell the difference between a live performance in the studio and the recorded version. This was especially true after the invention of the variable reluctance magnetic pickup cartridge by General Electric in the 1940s when high quality cuts were played on well-designed audio systems. The Capehart radio/phonographs of the era with large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers, though not ideal, demonstrated this quite well with "home recordings" readily available in the music stores for the public to buy. Title: International Who's Who in Music Passage: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements. Title: Shamir (musician) Passage: Shamir Bailey (born November 7, 1994), known mononymously as Shamir, is an American singer, songwriter and actor from Las Vegas, Nevada. His debut extended play (EP), "Northtown", was released in June 2014 to positive reviews. In October 2014 he signed to XL Recordings and released the single "On the Regular". His debut LP "Ratchet" was released on May 19, 2015 in the United States. Title: America's Got Talent Passage: The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance. Title: David Rudman Passage: David Rudman has been a Sesame Street muppet performer since 1985 -- currently performing Cookie Monster, Baby Bear and The Two - Headed Monster. He has received four Emmy nominations as Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series for his work on Sesame Street. Rudman has also directed several web videos for Sesame Street such as ``Cookie Monster Auditions for Saturday Night Live ''and`` Conversations with Bert.'' He has performed in numerous television shows and specials including Saturday Night Live, The Colbert Report, The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and The Muppets, where he performed Scooter and Janice. His film credits include The Muppets Take Manhattan, Labyrinth, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, A Muppet Christmas Carol, Elmo in Grouchland, The Muppets and Muppets Most Wanted. Following the departure of Steve Whitmire in 2017, he became Beaker's new voice performer.	[ "Live in Las Vegas (Macy Gray album)", "Shamir (musician)", "If It Wasn't True" ]
2hop__147094_52135	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Sauvy (31 October 1898 – 30 October 1990) was a demographer, anthropologist and historian of the French economy. Sauvy coined the term Third World (\"Tiers Monde\") in reference to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War. In an article published in the French magazine, \"L'Observateur\" on August 14, 1952, Sauvy said:", "title": "Alfred Sauvy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds \"Hitler's gold\". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the \"blood cloud \" that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year.", "title": "Alatsee" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ad Dis District is a district of the Hadhramaut Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 23,092 inhabitants.", "title": "Ad Dis District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sl.No. District Headquarter Sub divisions (Tehsils) New Delhi Connaught Place Chanakyapuri Delhi Cantonment Vasant Vihar North Delhi Narela Model Town Narela Alipur North West Delhi Kanjhawala Rohini Kanjhawala Saraswati Vihar West Delhi Rajouri Garden Patel Nagar Punjabi Bagh Rajouri Garden 5 South West Delhi Dwarka Dwarka Najafgarh Kapashera 6 South Delhi Saket Saket Hauz Khas Mehrauli 7 South East Delhi Defence Colony Defence Colony Kalkaji Sarita Vihar 8 Central Delhi Daryaganj Kotwali Civil Lines Karol Bagh 9 North East Delhi Seelampur Seelampur Yamuna Vihar Karawal Nagar 10 Shahdara Shahdara Shahdara Seemapuri Vivek Vihar 11 East Delhi Preet Vihar Gandhi Nagar Preet Vihar Mayur Vihar", "title": "List of districts of Delhi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Dréjac, stage name of Jean André Jacques Brun (born in Grenoble on 3 June 1921 and died in Paris on 11 August 2003) is a French singer and composer.", "title": "Jean Dréjac" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The novel remained untranslated in English until 2009 when it was rediscovered by American publishing house Melville House Publishing and released in the US under the title \"Every Man Dies Alone\", in a translation by Michael Hofmann. Melville House licensed it to Penguin Books in the UK, who used the title \"Alone in Berlin\", following the French translation by André Vandevoorde in 1967, \"Seul dans Berlin\". The US title is close to the original German title, which translates verbatim as \"Everyone dies for himself alone\".", "title": "Every Man Dies Alone" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André-Philippe Futa (August 26, 1943 – October 1, 2009) was a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was originally from Miabi in Tshilenge District.", "title": "André-Philippe Futa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André Berge (24 May 1902 – 27 October 1995) was a French physician and psychoanalyst. He was born on 24 May 1902 in the 16th Arrondissement of Paris and died on the 27 October 1995 in Paris and he was a doctor, psychoanalyst and ‘Man of Letters’.", "title": "André Berge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André Vanderdonckt was a French cyclist, born 29 February 1908 in Flers-lez-Lille, died 5 August 1982 in Wattrelos. He was professional 1927-1935.", "title": "André Vanderdonckt" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André Gagnaux (died February 1996), who was a Swiss, was the first President of the World Confederation of Billiard Sports (WCBS) and the former President of the Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB).", "title": "André Gagnaux" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrés Díaz Venero de Leiva (died 1578) was the first president of the New Kingdom of Granada, appointed in 1564.", "title": "Andrés Díaz Venero de Leiva" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure) (Italian: \"La stazione di Montparnasse)\" (1914) is a painting by the Italian metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico. Many of de Chirico’s works were inspired by the introspective feelings evoked by travel. He was born in Greece to Italian parents. This work was painted during a period when he lived in Paris.", "title": "Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "André Bloc (Algiers, May 23, 1896 – New Delhi, November 8, 1966) was a French sculptor, magazine editor, and founder of several specialist journals. He founded the \"Groupe Espace\" in 1949.", "title": "André Bloc" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera. The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano–who lives in Paris–, based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pin Me Down were a pop/electronica/rock side project of guitarist Russell Lissack, of the British band Bloc Party, and guitarist/singer Milena Mepris. The band was managed by Robt Ptak, who had previously worked with Mepris in Ptak's project Artificial Joy. The band made their live debut as a 5-6 piece in May 2008 in London, supporting Yeasayer.", "title": "Pin Me Down" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nosso Lar: Life in the Spirit World (Portuguese: \"Nosso Lar\"), also known as \"Astral City\", is the best-selling novel by the Brazilian spiritist medium Francisco Cândido Xavier. First published in 1944, the book tells the story of the spirit of André Luiz, a prominent doctor who lived in the city of Rio de Janeiro. After dying, André Luiz encounters neither the Heaven nor the Hell depicted in the teachings he had received during his Catholic upbringing. Rather, he initially has to endure a period in the so-called umbral, a region where less-than-perfect souls face the consequences of their infelicitous actions while alive. After a while, André Luiz is able to perceive the presence of \"Clarêncio\", a friendly spirit who had been trying to help him all along during his stay in the \"umbral\". Clarêncio then takes André Luiz to \"Nosso Lar\", a spirit colony, or astral city, where André becomes acquainted with the intricacies of afterlife and reincarnation.", "title": "Nosso Lar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capuava is a district in the city of Santo André, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Created in 1985, the district of Capuava was formed from a part of the Utinga subdistrict, and is situated in one of the most industrialized regions of the city.", "title": "Capuava" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1990 elections the umbrella Round Table-Free Georgia bloc led by Gamsakhurdia and Chanturia won 54% of the vote. In April 1991, Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union. Soon Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of Georgia. However, Gamsakhurdia’s move towards authoritarianism made many of his former allies, including Chanturia, to join the opposition.", "title": "Giorgi Chanturia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Feucht is a municipality southeast of Nuremberg in the Middle Franconia of Bavaria, Germany. The name Feucht is derived from the Old High German noun \"viuhtje\" - \"fichta\", which is the tree spruce (vernacularly Féichdn). As of July 31, 2005, had a population of 13,590. Hermann Oberth (1894–1989), one of the early fathers of space travel, lived for many years and died in Feucht.", "title": "Feucht" } ]	How many districts are in the city Andre Bloc died?	11	[]	Title: Capuava Passage: Capuava is a district in the city of Santo André, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Created in 1985, the district of Capuava was formed from a part of the Utinga subdistrict, and is situated in one of the most industrialized regions of the city. Title: André Vanderdonckt Passage: André Vanderdonckt was a French cyclist, born 29 February 1908 in Flers-lez-Lille, died 5 August 1982 in Wattrelos. He was professional 1927-1935. Title: Miami Passage: The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City. Title: Alfred Sauvy Passage: Alfred Sauvy (31 October 1898 – 30 October 1990) was a demographer, anthropologist and historian of the French economy. Sauvy coined the term Third World ("Tiers Monde") in reference to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War. In an article published in the French magazine, "L'Observateur" on August 14, 1952, Sauvy said: Title: André Gagnaux Passage: André Gagnaux (died February 1996), who was a Swiss, was the first President of the World Confederation of Billiard Sports (WCBS) and the former President of the Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB). Title: Ad Dis District Passage: Ad Dis District is a district of the Hadhramaut Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 23,092 inhabitants. Title: André Bloc Passage: André Bloc (Algiers, May 23, 1896 – New Delhi, November 8, 1966) was a French sculptor, magazine editor, and founder of several specialist journals. He founded the "Groupe Espace" in 1949. Title: Feucht Passage: Feucht is a municipality southeast of Nuremberg in the Middle Franconia of Bavaria, Germany. The name Feucht is derived from the Old High German noun "viuhtje" - "fichta", which is the tree spruce (vernacularly Féichdn). As of July 31, 2005, had a population of 13,590. Hermann Oberth (1894–1989), one of the early fathers of space travel, lived for many years and died in Feucht. Title: Alatsee Passage: Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds "Hitler's gold". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the "blood cloud " that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year. Title: Jean Dréjac Passage: Jean Dréjac, stage name of Jean André Jacques Brun (born in Grenoble on 3 June 1921 and died in Paris on 11 August 2003) is a French singer and composer. Title: Nosso Lar Passage: Nosso Lar: Life in the Spirit World (Portuguese: "Nosso Lar"), also known as "Astral City", is the best-selling novel by the Brazilian spiritist medium Francisco Cândido Xavier. First published in 1944, the book tells the story of the spirit of André Luiz, a prominent doctor who lived in the city of Rio de Janeiro. After dying, André Luiz encounters neither the Heaven nor the Hell depicted in the teachings he had received during his Catholic upbringing. Rather, he initially has to endure a period in the so-called umbral, a region where less-than-perfect souls face the consequences of their infelicitous actions while alive. After a while, André Luiz is able to perceive the presence of "Clarêncio", a friendly spirit who had been trying to help him all along during his stay in the "umbral". Clarêncio then takes André Luiz to "Nosso Lar", a spirit colony, or astral city, where André becomes acquainted with the intricacies of afterlife and reincarnation. Title: Pin Me Down Passage: Pin Me Down were a pop/electronica/rock side project of guitarist Russell Lissack, of the British band Bloc Party, and guitarist/singer Milena Mepris. The band was managed by Robt Ptak, who had previously worked with Mepris in Ptak's project Artificial Joy. The band made their live debut as a 5-6 piece in May 2008 in London, supporting Yeasayer. Title: List of districts of Delhi Passage: Sl.No. District Headquarter Sub divisions (Tehsils) New Delhi Connaught Place Chanakyapuri Delhi Cantonment Vasant Vihar North Delhi Narela Model Town Narela Alipur North West Delhi Kanjhawala Rohini Kanjhawala Saraswati Vihar West Delhi Rajouri Garden Patel Nagar Punjabi Bagh Rajouri Garden 5 South West Delhi Dwarka Dwarka Najafgarh Kapashera 6 South Delhi Saket Saket Hauz Khas Mehrauli 7 South East Delhi Defence Colony Defence Colony Kalkaji Sarita Vihar 8 Central Delhi Daryaganj Kotwali Civil Lines Karol Bagh 9 North East Delhi Seelampur Seelampur Yamuna Vihar Karawal Nagar 10 Shahdara Shahdara Shahdara Seemapuri Vivek Vihar 11 East Delhi Preet Vihar Gandhi Nagar Preet Vihar Mayur Vihar Title: André-Philippe Futa Passage: André-Philippe Futa (August 26, 1943 – October 1, 2009) was a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was originally from Miabi in Tshilenge District. Title: Giorgi Chanturia Passage: In the 1990 elections the umbrella Round Table-Free Georgia bloc led by Gamsakhurdia and Chanturia won 54% of the vote. In April 1991, Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union. Soon Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of Georgia. However, Gamsakhurdia’s move towards authoritarianism made many of his former allies, including Chanturia, to join the opposition. Title: Every Man Dies Alone Passage: The novel remained untranslated in English until 2009 when it was rediscovered by American publishing house Melville House Publishing and released in the US under the title "Every Man Dies Alone", in a translation by Michael Hofmann. Melville House licensed it to Penguin Books in the UK, who used the title "Alone in Berlin", following the French translation by André Vandevoorde in 1967, "Seul dans Berlin". The US title is close to the original German title, which translates verbatim as "Everyone dies for himself alone". Title: Paris Passage: In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera. The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano–who lives in Paris–, based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s. Title: André Berge Passage: André Berge (24 May 1902 – 27 October 1995) was a French physician and psychoanalyst. He was born on 24 May 1902 in the 16th Arrondissement of Paris and died on the 27 October 1995 in Paris and he was a doctor, psychoanalyst and ‘Man of Letters’. Title: Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure) Passage: Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure) (Italian: "La stazione di Montparnasse)" (1914) is a painting by the Italian metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico. Many of de Chirico’s works were inspired by the introspective feelings evoked by travel. He was born in Greece to Italian parents. This work was painted during a period when he lived in Paris. Title: Andrés Díaz Venero de Leiva Passage: Andrés Díaz Venero de Leiva (died 1578) was the first president of the New Kingdom of Granada, appointed in 1564.	[ "List of districts of Delhi", "André Bloc" ]
2hop__768424_64929	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pesceana is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Cermegești, Lupoaia, Negraia, Pesceana, Roeşti and Ursoaia.", "title": "Pesceana" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). In 1990, with the reunification of Germany, NATO grew to include the former country of East Germany. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro - Atlantic Partnership Council. In 1997, three former Warsaw Pact countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the Vilnius group of The Baltics and seven East European countries formed in May 2000 to cooperate and lobby for further NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. The Adriatic States Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009, Montenegro in 2017.", "title": "Member states of NATO" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the Yalta Conference it was agreed that membership would be open to nations that had joined the Allies by 1 March 1945. Brazil, Syria and a number of other countries qualified for membership by declarations of war on either Germany or Japan in the first three months of 1945 -- in some cases retroactively.", "title": "History of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This projects was funded through the E.U and is one more step that Bulgaria is making to modernize and join their fellow E.U. countries with efforts to expand clean energy.", "title": "Pobeda Solar Park" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacques Gérard was born in Paris, France on 26 October 1890. He joined the \"113e Regiment d'Infanterie\" to defend his country during World War I.", "title": "Jacques Gérard" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939 -- 1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783) in 1778, declared war on Great Britain, and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic. French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres.", "title": "France in the American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments as the war dragged on. The war was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856. Russia lost the war, and was forbidden from hosting warships in the Black Sea. The Ottoman vassal states of Wallachia and Moldavia became largely independent. Christians were granted a degree of official equality, and the Orthodox church regained control of the Christian churches in dispute.:415", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 23 August 1944, with the Red Army penetrating German defenses during the Jassy -- Kishinev Offensive, King Michael I of Romania led a successful coup against the Axis with support from opposition politicians and most of the army. Michael I, who was initially considered to be not much more than a figurehead, was able to successfully depose the Antonescu dictatorship. The King then offered a non-confrontational retreat to German ambassador Manfred von Killinger. But the Germans considered the coup ``reversible ''and attempted to turn the situation around by military force. The Romanian First, Second (forming), and what little was left of the Third and the Fourth Armies (one corps) were under orders from the King to defend Romania against any German attacks. King Michael offered to put the Romanian Army, which at that point had a strength of nearly 1,000,000 men, on the side of the Allies. Surprisingly, with the Red Army occupying parts of Romania, Stalin immediately recognized the king and the restoration of the conservative Romanian monarchy. (Deutscher, Stalin. 1967, p. 519)", "title": "Romania in World War II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Günter Luther (17 March 1922 – 31 May 1997) was a German admiral who became Inspector of the Navy and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe for NATO. During World War II, he served as a military pilot in the Kriegsmarine and a paratrooper in the Luftwaffe. After the war, he joined the newly founded West German \"Bundesmarine\" in 1956.", "title": "Günter Luther" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ariane Labed as Maria: An assassin in 15th century Spain and the closest ally of Aguilar. More measured than her partner - in - arms, Maria is light on her feet and exceedingly quick, and together they are an unstoppable force. Like Aguilar, she understands the damage the Templar influence is doing to her country.", "title": "Assassin's Creed (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 9 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th independent country in Africa and since 14 July 2011, South Sudan is the 193rd member of the United Nations. On 27 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th country to join the African Union.", "title": "South Sudan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1990 elections the umbrella Round Table-Free Georgia bloc led by Gamsakhurdia and Chanturia won 54% of the vote. In April 1991, Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union. Soon Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of Georgia. However, Gamsakhurdia’s move towards authoritarianism made many of his former allies, including Chanturia, to join the opposition.", "title": "Giorgi Chanturia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences; France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a ``Southern strategy ''led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco - American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" } ]	When did the country having Pesceana join the allies in ww2?	23 August 1944	[]	Title: Giorgi Chanturia Passage: In the 1990 elections the umbrella Round Table-Free Georgia bloc led by Gamsakhurdia and Chanturia won 54% of the vote. In April 1991, Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union. Soon Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of Georgia. However, Gamsakhurdia’s move towards authoritarianism made many of his former allies, including Chanturia, to join the opposition. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939 -- 1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression. Title: Crimean War Passage: Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments as the war dragged on. The war was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856. Russia lost the war, and was forbidden from hosting warships in the Black Sea. The Ottoman vassal states of Wallachia and Moldavia became largely independent. Christians were granted a degree of official equality, and the Orthodox church regained control of the Christian churches in dispute.:415 Title: Military history of the United States Passage: The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas. Title: Jacques Gérard Passage: Jacques Gérard was born in Paris, France on 26 October 1890. He joined the "113e Regiment d'Infanterie" to defend his country during World War I. Title: Romania in World War II Passage: On 23 August 1944, with the Red Army penetrating German defenses during the Jassy -- Kishinev Offensive, King Michael I of Romania led a successful coup against the Axis with support from opposition politicians and most of the army. Michael I, who was initially considered to be not much more than a figurehead, was able to successfully depose the Antonescu dictatorship. The King then offered a non-confrontational retreat to German ambassador Manfred von Killinger. But the Germans considered the coup ``reversible ''and attempted to turn the situation around by military force. The Romanian First, Second (forming), and what little was left of the Third and the Fourth Armies (one corps) were under orders from the King to defend Romania against any German attacks. King Michael offered to put the Romanian Army, which at that point had a strength of nearly 1,000,000 men, on the side of the Allies. Surprisingly, with the Red Army occupying parts of Romania, Stalin immediately recognized the king and the restoration of the conservative Romanian monarchy. (Deutscher, Stalin. 1967, p. 519) Title: Pesceana Passage: Pesceana is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Cermegești, Lupoaia, Negraia, Pesceana, Roeşti and Ursoaia. Title: Member states of NATO Passage: NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). In 1990, with the reunification of Germany, NATO grew to include the former country of East Germany. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro - Atlantic Partnership Council. In 1997, three former Warsaw Pact countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the Vilnius group of The Baltics and seven East European countries formed in May 2000 to cooperate and lobby for further NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. The Adriatic States Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009, Montenegro in 2017. Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences; France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a ``Southern strategy ''led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco - American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Title: Northern Seven Years' War Passage: Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America. Title: Günter Luther Passage: Günter Luther (17 March 1922 – 31 May 1997) was a German admiral who became Inspector of the Navy and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe for NATO. During World War II, he served as a military pilot in the Kriegsmarine and a paratrooper in the Luftwaffe. After the war, he joined the newly founded West German "Bundesmarine" in 1956. Title: South Sudan Passage: On 9 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th independent country in Africa and since 14 July 2011, South Sudan is the 193rd member of the United Nations. On 27 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th country to join the African Union. Title: Great power Passage: When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the "Big Three". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a "trusteeship of the powerful" and were recognized as the Allied "Big Four" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the "Four Policemen" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council. Title: Assassin's Creed (film) Passage: Ariane Labed as Maria: An assassin in 15th century Spain and the closest ally of Aguilar. More measured than her partner - in - arms, Maria is light on her feet and exceedingly quick, and together they are an unstoppable force. Like Aguilar, she understands the damage the Templar influence is doing to her country. Title: Pobeda Solar Park Passage: This projects was funded through the E.U and is one more step that Bulgaria is making to modernize and join their fellow E.U. countries with efforts to expand clean energy. Title: France in the American Revolutionary War Passage: France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783) in 1778, declared war on Great Britain, and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic. French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941. Title: World War II Passage: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Title: History of the United Nations Passage: At the Yalta Conference it was agreed that membership would be open to nations that had joined the Allies by 1 March 1945. Brazil, Syria and a number of other countries qualified for membership by declarations of war on either Germany or Japan in the first three months of 1945 -- in some cases retroactively.	[ "Pesceana", "Romania in World War II" ]
2hop__821094_7606	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maxwell International School was a co-ed Bahá'í school located on Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, Canada. It offered boarding students and day students instruction from grades 7-12. Its educational philosophy was based on the principles of the Bahá'í Faith. Students attended from all over the world. The school closed on its 20th anniversary in 2008.", "title": "Maxwell International School" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Moore was a graduate of the University of Kansas, lettering for the baseball team in 1898 and 1899, and the football team in 1899. Following his college playing career, Moore became the sixth head football coach for the Kansas State Wildcats in Manhattan, Kansas. He held that position for one season, in 1901, and his overall coaching record at Kansas State was 3 wins, 4 losses, and 1 tie. Moore also played in some of his team's games in 1901, kicking two field goals in a win over Bethany College.", "title": "Wade Moore" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bethlehem Area Vocational-Technical School is a career & technical school located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was officially started in 1965 when the Bethlehem Area School District, Northampton Area School District, and Saucon Valley School District combined forces to form one vocational-technical school for its students to attend.", "title": "Bethlehem Area Vocational-Technical School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Moore Lascelles VC MC (12 October 1880 – 7 November 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Uppingham School and attended the University of Edinburgh but abandoned his medical studies in 1902 and emigrated to South Africa.", "title": "Arthur Moore Lascelles" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An education production function is an application of the economic concept of a production function to the field of education. It relates various inputs affecting a student's learning (schools, families, peers, neighborhoods, etc.) to measured outputs including subsequent labor market success, college attendance, graduation rates, and, most frequently, standardized test scores. The original study that eventually prompted interest in the idea of education production functions was by a sociologist, James S. Coleman. The Coleman Report, published in 1966, concluded that the marginal effect of various school inputs on student achievement was small compared to the impact of families and friends. Later work, by Eric A. Hanushek, Richard Murnane, and other economists introduced the structure of ``production ''to the consideration of student learning outcomes. Hanushek at al. (2008, 2015) reported a very high correlation between`` adjusted growth rate'' and ``adjusted test scores ''.", "title": "Education economics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chicago Public Schools Address 42 West Madison Street Chicago, Illinois, Cook County, 60602 United States District information Type Public School District Motto Educate. Inspire. Transform. Grades Pre-K -- 12th Established 1837 (1837) Superintendent Janice K. Jackson (interim) Accreditation AdvancED Schools 660 (2014 -- 15) Budget US $5.69 billion (2015) District ID 1709930 Students and staff Students 396,683 (2014 -- 15) Teachers 21,729 (2014 -- 15) Staff 37,322 (2014 -- 15) Student - teacher ratio 17.01 (2013 -- 14) Athletic conference Chicago Public League Other information Website www.cps.edu", "title": "Chicago Public Schools" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moore County High School is a six-year public high school in Lynchburg, Tennessee, serving students in gardes 7–12 from Moore County, Tennessee, as part of the Moore County School District.", "title": "Moore County High School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories. An important function of the madaris is to admit orphans and poor children in order to provide them with education and training. Madaris may enroll female students; however, they study separately from the men.[citation needed]", "title": "Madrasa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wade Alan Davis II (born July 28, 1977) is an American speaker, activist, writer, educator and former American football player.", "title": "Wade Davis (American football)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities. In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools. In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law. Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students. The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susq-Cyber Charter School is a small, public, cyber charter school whose headquarters are located in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. The school offers grades 9th through 12th. Students residing in any region of Pennsylvania may enroll in the school. The curriculum and instruction is internet based. Teachers are available to pupils, during traditional school day hours via phone and internet. There is no charge to the students or parents. The pupil's public school of residency pays tuition to the charter school each year, on a per pupil attending basis. The amount paid is set each year by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. It is based on the home school district's own per-pupil spending. Susq-Cyber Charter School is one of 14 public, cyber charter schools operating in Pennsylvania in 2014.", "title": "SusQ Cyber Charter School" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winnacunnet High School is an American public high school located in Hampton, New Hampshire. It serves students in grades 9 through 12 who live in the communities of Hampton, Seabrook, North Hampton, and Hampton Falls. Students from South Hampton attend Amesbury High School. The name \"Winnacunnet\" is a Native American word that means \"beautiful place in the pines\". The current principal, since 2010, is William McGowan.", "title": "Winnacunnet High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With few Englewood Cliffs students attending Dwight Morrow, a school with a majority African-American student body, officials from Englewood Cliffs have made repeated efforts dating back to the mid-1980s to end the relationship with Englewood and switch over to have students attend Tenafly High School, a practice that many parents were doing by paying tuition to attend the Tenafly school. In 2003, the New Jersey State Board of Education overturned an injunction that prohibited other public schools from accepting students from Englewood Cliffs on a tuition basis, arguing that the establishment of the magnet Academies@Englewood program within Dwight Morrow will allow the Englewood district to draw white students to the district. In 2013, the Englewood Cliffs district announced plans to consider ending the sending relationship to Dwight Morrow by creating its own high school, possibly in conjunction with the Englewood Cliffs campus of Saint Peter's University.", "title": "Englewood Cliffs Public Schools" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eastern Michigan University Department of Special Education is among the oldest special education programs in the United States. The Department of Special Education falls under the Eastern Michigan University College of Education at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The Eastern Michigan University Department of Special Education provides extensive studies for those wanting to participate in the disabled community. There are currently five programs or courses of study one may choose to follow, if they wish to obtain a bachelor's degree and a recommendation to the Michigan Department of Education K–12 endorsement as a teacher of students with impairments.", "title": "Eastern Michigan University Department of Special Education" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was educated at Calday Grange Grammar School and then attended Medical School at the University of Liverpool where he served as Treasurer of the Liverpool Medical Students Society in 1954.", "title": "David Weatherall" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway.", "title": "Mangyongdae Funfair" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Penn State Abington is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University and it is located in Abington, Pennsylvania. The campus is set on of wooded land and includes a duck pond, wooded trails, and many species of hardwood trees, The roughly 4000 undergraduate students (full-time and part-time students combined) are taught by a full-time staff of over 150 professors and teaching assistants.", "title": "Penn State Abington" } ]	In fall of 2014, how many students attended the school Wade Moore was educated at?	26,968	[]	Title: Eastern Michigan University Department of Special Education Passage: The Eastern Michigan University Department of Special Education is among the oldest special education programs in the United States. The Department of Special Education falls under the Eastern Michigan University College of Education at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The Eastern Michigan University Department of Special Education provides extensive studies for those wanting to participate in the disabled community. There are currently five programs or courses of study one may choose to follow, if they wish to obtain a bachelor's degree and a recommendation to the Michigan Department of Education K–12 endorsement as a teacher of students with impairments. Title: Penn State Abington Passage: Penn State Abington is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University and it is located in Abington, Pennsylvania. The campus is set on of wooded land and includes a duck pond, wooded trails, and many species of hardwood trees, The roughly 4000 undergraduate students (full-time and part-time students combined) are taught by a full-time staff of over 150 professors and teaching assistants. Title: Wade Davis (American football) Passage: Wade Alan Davis II (born July 28, 1977) is an American speaker, activist, writer, educator and former American football player. Title: Maxwell International School Passage: Maxwell International School was a co-ed Bahá'í school located on Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, Canada. It offered boarding students and day students instruction from grades 7-12. Its educational philosophy was based on the principles of the Bahá'í Faith. Students attended from all over the world. The school closed on its 20th anniversary in 2008. Title: SusQ Cyber Charter School Passage: Susq-Cyber Charter School is a small, public, cyber charter school whose headquarters are located in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. The school offers grades 9th through 12th. Students residing in any region of Pennsylvania may enroll in the school. The curriculum and instruction is internet based. Teachers are available to pupils, during traditional school day hours via phone and internet. There is no charge to the students or parents. The pupil's public school of residency pays tuition to the charter school each year, on a per pupil attending basis. The amount paid is set each year by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. It is based on the home school district's own per-pupil spending. Susq-Cyber Charter School is one of 14 public, cyber charter schools operating in Pennsylvania in 2014. Title: Armenia Passage: In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities. In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools. In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law. Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students. The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933. Title: Education economics Passage: An education production function is an application of the economic concept of a production function to the field of education. It relates various inputs affecting a student's learning (schools, families, peers, neighborhoods, etc.) to measured outputs including subsequent labor market success, college attendance, graduation rates, and, most frequently, standardized test scores. The original study that eventually prompted interest in the idea of education production functions was by a sociologist, James S. Coleman. The Coleman Report, published in 1966, concluded that the marginal effect of various school inputs on student achievement was small compared to the impact of families and friends. Later work, by Eric A. Hanushek, Richard Murnane, and other economists introduced the structure of ``production ''to the consideration of student learning outcomes. Hanushek at al. (2008, 2015) reported a very high correlation between`` adjusted growth rate'' and ``adjusted test scores ''. Title: Eritrea Passage: Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%. Title: Englewood Cliffs Public Schools Passage: With few Englewood Cliffs students attending Dwight Morrow, a school with a majority African-American student body, officials from Englewood Cliffs have made repeated efforts dating back to the mid-1980s to end the relationship with Englewood and switch over to have students attend Tenafly High School, a practice that many parents were doing by paying tuition to attend the Tenafly school. In 2003, the New Jersey State Board of Education overturned an injunction that prohibited other public schools from accepting students from Englewood Cliffs on a tuition basis, arguing that the establishment of the magnet Academies@Englewood program within Dwight Morrow will allow the Englewood district to draw white students to the district. In 2013, the Englewood Cliffs district announced plans to consider ending the sending relationship to Dwight Morrow by creating its own high school, possibly in conjunction with the Englewood Cliffs campus of Saint Peter's University. Title: Arthur Moore Lascelles Passage: Arthur Moore Lascelles VC MC (12 October 1880 – 7 November 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Uppingham School and attended the University of Edinburgh but abandoned his medical studies in 1902 and emigrated to South Africa. Title: Mangyongdae Funfair Passage: The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway. Title: Winnacunnet High School Passage: Winnacunnet High School is an American public high school located in Hampton, New Hampshire. It serves students in grades 9 through 12 who live in the communities of Hampton, Seabrook, North Hampton, and Hampton Falls. Students from South Hampton attend Amesbury High School. The name "Winnacunnet" is a Native American word that means "beautiful place in the pines". The current principal, since 2010, is William McGowan. Title: Bethlehem Area Vocational-Technical School Passage: The Bethlehem Area Vocational-Technical School is a career & technical school located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was officially started in 1965 when the Bethlehem Area School District, Northampton Area School District, and Saucon Valley School District combined forces to form one vocational-technical school for its students to attend. Title: Madrasa Passage: People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories. An important function of the madaris is to admit orphans and poor children in order to provide them with education and training. Madaris may enroll female students; however, they study separately from the men.[citation needed] Title: University of Kansas Passage: Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012. Title: Wade Moore Passage: Moore was a graduate of the University of Kansas, lettering for the baseball team in 1898 and 1899, and the football team in 1899. Following his college playing career, Moore became the sixth head football coach for the Kansas State Wildcats in Manhattan, Kansas. He held that position for one season, in 1901, and his overall coaching record at Kansas State was 3 wins, 4 losses, and 1 tie. Moore also played in some of his team's games in 1901, kicking two field goals in a win over Bethany College. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. Title: Moore County High School Passage: Moore County High School is a six-year public high school in Lynchburg, Tennessee, serving students in gardes 7–12 from Moore County, Tennessee, as part of the Moore County School District. Title: David Weatherall Passage: He was educated at Calday Grange Grammar School and then attended Medical School at the University of Liverpool where he served as Treasurer of the Liverpool Medical Students Society in 1954. Title: Chicago Public Schools Passage: Chicago Public Schools Address 42 West Madison Street Chicago, Illinois, Cook County, 60602 United States District information Type Public School District Motto Educate. Inspire. Transform. Grades Pre-K -- 12th Established 1837 (1837) Superintendent Janice K. Jackson (interim) Accreditation AdvancED Schools 660 (2014 -- 15) Budget US $5.69 billion (2015) District ID 1709930 Students and staff Students 396,683 (2014 -- 15) Teachers 21,729 (2014 -- 15) Staff 37,322 (2014 -- 15) Student - teacher ratio 17.01 (2013 -- 14) Athletic conference Chicago Public League Other information Website www.cps.edu	[ "University of Kansas", "Wade Moore" ]
2hop__179384_3953	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cumberland High School is a co-educational comprehensive secondary school (high school) located in the north-western metropolitan Western Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Cumberland High School (Carlingford)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lithia Springs High School is a public high school located on East County Line Road, in Lithia Springs, Georgia, United States. It is also known as Lithia Springs Comprehensive High School. It was the second high school to open in the Douglas County School District.", "title": "Lithia Springs High School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Middleton High School is a comprehensive public secondary school located in the city of Middleton, Wisconsin. It was established in 1879. Part of the Middleton-Cross Plains School District, the school serves more than 2,000 students in grades 9 to 12 from the Middleton and Cross Plains areas. Middleton High School's mascot is the cardinal. The school colors are white and maroon. Its athletic teams play at the WIAA Division 1 level in the WIAA Big Eight Conference.", "title": "Middleton High School (Middleton, Wisconsin)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Hills Comprehensive High School is a public high school located in the South Augusta area of Augusta, Georgia, United States. It opened in 1967.", "title": "Glenn Hills High School" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Galston High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Galston, a suburb in the Hills District of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Galston High School" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John C. Kimball High School (KHS) is an American public comprehensive high school in Tracy, California, south of 11th Street on Lammers Road. Kimball High School is the third comprehensive high school in the Tracy Unified School District. The first day of school was August 12, 2009 with an enrollment of 1,472 students.", "title": "John C. Kimball High School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun is a Welsh Medium comprehensive school in the Cynon Valley in the village of Penywaun, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.", "title": "Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Claude Whatham (7 December 1927 in Manchester - 4 January 2008 in Anglesey) was an English film and TV director mainly known for his work on dramas.", "title": "Claude Whatham" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Douglas County High School, also known as Douglas County Comprehensive High School, is a public high school in Douglasville, Georgia, United States. It was the first high school to open in the Douglas County School District.", "title": "Douglas County High School (Douglasville, Georgia)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figtree High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located on Gibsons Road in Figtree, a suburb of Wollongong, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Figtree High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education in Israel refers to the comprehensive education system of Israel. The education system consists of three tiers: primary education (grades 1 - 6, approx. ages 6 -- 12), middle school (grades 7 - 9, approx. ages 12 -- 15) and high school (grades 10 - 12, approx. ages 15 -- 18). Compulsory education takes place from kindergarten through to 12th grade. The school year begins on September 1, ending for elementary school pupils on 30 June, and for middle school and high school pupils on 20 June.", "title": "Education in Israel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kinnelon Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from Kinnelon, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States.", "title": "Kinnelon Public Schools" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of \"Five\", which means \"Failed\". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of \"Three Plus\". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule \"Abitur light\". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from \"underprivileged groups\" and sneering at their performance was a \"piece of impudence\".", "title": "Comprehensive school" } ]	What comprehensive school was established in the place where Claude Whatham died?	Holyhead County School	[]	Title: Comprehensive school Passage: According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton. Title: Galston High School Passage: Galston High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Galston, a suburb in the Hills District of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Title: Lithia Springs High School Passage: Lithia Springs High School is a public high school located on East County Line Road, in Lithia Springs, Georgia, United States. It is also known as Lithia Springs Comprehensive High School. It was the second high school to open in the Douglas County School District. Title: Education in Israel Passage: Education in Israel refers to the comprehensive education system of Israel. The education system consists of three tiers: primary education (grades 1 - 6, approx. ages 6 -- 12), middle school (grades 7 - 9, approx. ages 12 -- 15) and high school (grades 10 - 12, approx. ages 15 -- 18). Compulsory education takes place from kindergarten through to 12th grade. The school year begins on September 1, ending for elementary school pupils on 30 June, and for middle school and high school pupils on 20 June. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "Five", which means "Failed". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of "Three Plus". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule "Abitur light". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from "underprivileged groups" and sneering at their performance was a "piece of impudence". Title: Middleton High School (Middleton, Wisconsin) Passage: Middleton High School is a comprehensive public secondary school located in the city of Middleton, Wisconsin. It was established in 1879. Part of the Middleton-Cross Plains School District, the school serves more than 2,000 students in grades 9 to 12 from the Middleton and Cross Plains areas. Middleton High School's mascot is the cardinal. The school colors are white and maroon. Its athletic teams play at the WIAA Division 1 level in the WIAA Big Eight Conference. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time. Title: Glenn Hills High School Passage: Glenn Hills Comprehensive High School is a public high school located in the South Augusta area of Augusta, Georgia, United States. It opened in 1967. Title: Claude Whatham Passage: Claude Whatham (7 December 1927 in Manchester - 4 January 2008 in Anglesey) was an English film and TV director mainly known for his work on dramas. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels. Title: Douglas County High School (Douglasville, Georgia) Passage: Douglas County High School, also known as Douglas County Comprehensive High School, is a public high school in Douglasville, Georgia, United States. It was the first high school to open in the Douglas County School District. Title: Kinnelon Public Schools Passage: The Kinnelon Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from Kinnelon, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Title: Cumberland High School (Carlingford) Passage: Cumberland High School is a co-educational comprehensive secondary school (high school) located in the north-western metropolitan Western Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Figtree High School Passage: Figtree High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located on Gibsons Road in Figtree, a suburb of Wollongong, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. Title: Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun Passage: Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun is a Welsh Medium comprehensive school in the Cynon Valley in the village of Penywaun, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. Title: John C. Kimball High School Passage: John C. Kimball High School (KHS) is an American public comprehensive high school in Tracy, California, south of 11th Street on Lammers Road. Kimball High School is the third comprehensive high school in the Tracy Unified School District. The first day of school was August 12, 2009 with an enrollment of 1,472 students. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued.	[ "Claude Whatham", "Comprehensive school" ]
2hop__128892_11448	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the county, the population was spread out with 24.20% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.20% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males.", "title": "Estill County, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the county, the population was distributed as 22.10% under the age of 18, 12.10% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 149.50 males.", "title": "Childress County, Texas" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the city, the population was spread out with 22.7% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.", "title": "Birmingham, Iowa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010[update], there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities. It is noteworthy that Cyprus currently has the highest percentage of citizens of working age who have higher-level education in the EU at 30% which is ahead of Finland's 29.5%. In addition, 47% of its population aged 25–34 have tertiary education, which is the highest in the EU. The body of Cypriot students is highly mobile, with 78.7% studying in a university outside Cyprus.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arley is a town in Winston County, Alabama, United States. It incorporated on December 18, 1965. At the 2010 census the population was 357, up from 290 in 2000.", "title": "Arley, Alabama" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the county, the population was spread out with 25.40% under the age of 18, 9.00% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 102.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.70 males.", "title": "Columbia County, Florida" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WPGG (1450 AM; \"WPG Talk Radio 95.5\") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare Media Atlantic City License, LLC. Operating with non-directional 1,000 watts day and night, the station can be heard throughout New Jersey's Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May Counties and into southern Delaware, coastal Maryland, coastal North Carolina, the southern side of much of Long Island, NY, and southern parts of Cape Cod, MA. Since October 22, 2012, the station broadcasts a talk radio format under the branding \"WPG Talk Radio 1450.\" In May 2016, reflecting the frequency of its FM translator, 104.1 W281BH, the station rebranded as \"WPG Talk Radio 104.1.\" In May 2019, the station moved to a new translator, 95.5 W238CZ with another rebranding as \"WPG Talk Radio 95.5\" (104.1 became the new home of Classic Rock \"Rock 104.1\", relaying the signal of WENJ 97.3-HD4). WPGG's transmitter is located in Atlantic City, while its studios are in, and translator transmits from, Northfield, New Jersey.", "title": "WPGG" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck.", "title": "Retirement" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the city, the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.", "title": "New Hope, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.", "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From fewer than 6,120 white settlers in 1850, Minnesota's official population grew to over 1.7 million by 1900. Each of the next six decades saw a 15 percent increase in population, reaching 3.4 million in 1960. Growth then slowed, rising 11 percent to 3.8 million in 1970, and an average of 9 percent over the next three decades to 4.9 million in the 2000 Census.The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of Minnesota was 5,611,179 on July 1, 2018, a 5.79 percent increase since the 2010 United States Census. The rate of population change, and age and gender distributions, approximate the national average. Minnesota's center of population is in Hennepin County.As of the 2010 Census, the population of Minnesota was 5,303,925. The gender makeup of the state was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. 24.2% of the population were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older.The table below shows the racial composition of Minnesota's population as of 2017.", "title": "Minnesota" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the county, the population was spread out with 29.20% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.50% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males.", "title": "Kaufman County, Texas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the county population contained 24.50% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 23.30% from 25 to 44, 25.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.40 males.", "title": "Garfield County, Montana" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the county, the population was spread out with 27.10% under the age of 18, 9.00% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 11.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males.", "title": "Appling County, Georgia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the county, the population was spread out with 20.60% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 24.40% from 25 to 44, 28.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males.", "title": "Cherokee County, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the last decade, Philadelphia experienced a large shift in its age profile. In 2000, the city's population pyramid had a largely stationary shape. In 2013, the city took on an expansive pyramid shape, with an increase in the three millennial age groups, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and 30 to 34. The city's 25- to 29-year-old age group was the city's largest age cohort. According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The city had 22,018 births in 2013, down from a peak 23,689 births in 2008. Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013. Another factor attributing to the population increase is Philadelphia's immigration rate. In 2013, 12.7 percent of residents were foreign-born, just shy of the national average, 13.1 percent.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county population contained 25.90% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 26.40% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.10 males.", "title": "Flathead County, Montana" } ]	What percentage of the population of the town WPGG is licensed in was under the age of 18?	25.7%	[]	Title: Arley, Alabama Passage: Arley is a town in Winston County, Alabama, United States. It incorporated on December 18, 1965. At the 2010 census the population was 357, up from 290 in 2000. Title: Retirement Passage: Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck. Title: San Diego Passage: The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups. Title: Columbia County, Florida Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 25.40% under the age of 18, 9.00% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 102.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.70 males. Title: Cherokee County, North Carolina Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 20.60% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 24.40% from 25 to 44, 28.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males. Title: Appling County, Georgia Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 27.10% under the age of 18, 9.00% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 11.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males. Title: Saint Helena Passage: Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population. Title: Flathead County, Montana Passage: The county population contained 25.90% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 26.40% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.10 males. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. Title: New Hope, Minnesota Passage: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males. Title: Birmingham, Iowa Passage: In the city, the population was spread out with 22.7% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males. Title: WPGG Passage: WPGG (1450 AM; "WPG Talk Radio 95.5") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare Media Atlantic City License, LLC. Operating with non-directional 1,000 watts day and night, the station can be heard throughout New Jersey's Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May Counties and into southern Delaware, coastal Maryland, coastal North Carolina, the southern side of much of Long Island, NY, and southern parts of Cape Cod, MA. Since October 22, 2012, the station broadcasts a talk radio format under the branding "WPG Talk Radio 1450." In May 2016, reflecting the frequency of its FM translator, 104.1 W281BH, the station rebranded as "WPG Talk Radio 104.1." In May 2019, the station moved to a new translator, 95.5 W238CZ with another rebranding as "WPG Talk Radio 95.5" (104.1 became the new home of Classic Rock "Rock 104.1", relaying the signal of WENJ 97.3-HD4). WPGG's transmitter is located in Atlantic City, while its studios are in, and translator transmits from, Northfield, New Jersey. Title: Jacksonville, Florida Passage: As of 2010[update], there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males. Title: Cyprus Passage: The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities. It is noteworthy that Cyprus currently has the highest percentage of citizens of working age who have higher-level education in the EU at 30% which is ahead of Finland's 29.5%. In addition, 47% of its population aged 25–34 have tertiary education, which is the highest in the EU. The body of Cypriot students is highly mobile, with 78.7% studying in a university outside Cyprus. Title: Minnesota Passage: From fewer than 6,120 white settlers in 1850, Minnesota's official population grew to over 1.7 million by 1900. Each of the next six decades saw a 15 percent increase in population, reaching 3.4 million in 1960. Growth then slowed, rising 11 percent to 3.8 million in 1970, and an average of 9 percent over the next three decades to 4.9 million in the 2000 Census.The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of Minnesota was 5,611,179 on July 1, 2018, a 5.79 percent increase since the 2010 United States Census. The rate of population change, and age and gender distributions, approximate the national average. Minnesota's center of population is in Hennepin County.As of the 2010 Census, the population of Minnesota was 5,303,925. The gender makeup of the state was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. 24.2% of the population were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older.The table below shows the racial composition of Minnesota's population as of 2017. Title: Philadelphia Passage: During the last decade, Philadelphia experienced a large shift in its age profile. In 2000, the city's population pyramid had a largely stationary shape. In 2013, the city took on an expansive pyramid shape, with an increase in the three millennial age groups, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and 30 to 34. The city's 25- to 29-year-old age group was the city's largest age cohort. According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The city had 22,018 births in 2013, down from a peak 23,689 births in 2008. Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013. Another factor attributing to the population increase is Philadelphia's immigration rate. In 2013, 12.7 percent of residents were foreign-born, just shy of the national average, 13.1 percent. Title: Garfield County, Montana Passage: the county population contained 24.50% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 23.30% from 25 to 44, 25.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.40 males. Title: Kaufman County, Texas Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 29.20% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.50% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males. Title: Childress County, Texas Passage: In the county, the population was distributed as 22.10% under the age of 18, 12.10% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 149.50 males. Title: Estill County, Kentucky Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 24.20% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.20% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males.	[ "WPGG", "Atlantic City, New Jersey" ]
2hop__136696_73753	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age, while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.", "title": "U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alcohol laws of Australia regulate the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages (If you are 18 and over in Australia you are allowed to vote, drink and drive). Legal age of drinking is 18.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Australia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In December 2013, the band released a cover of the song \"Only You\", 30 years after the cover by The Flying Pickets had earned a Christmas Number 1. The recording failed to make the UK charts but proceeds were donated to the charity Prostate Cymru, with a dedication made to the Flying Pickets' lead vocalist, Brian Hibbard, who died of prostate cancer in 2012. A music video released on YouTube paid homage to the original Pickets video from 1983.", "title": "The Barry Horns" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 European Fencing Championships was held in Zagreb, Croatia from 16–21 June 2013. Venue for the competition was Arena Zagreb.", "title": "2013 European Fencing Championships" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise in 1984, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New York" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shark Energy Drink is available in a number of variations, including carbonated, uncarbonated versions, sugared and sugar-free. The drink is manufactured in Thailand by the Osotspa Co. Ltd in Bangkok, and also in Europe by Shark AG in Innsbruck, Austria.", "title": "Shark Energy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Picket Fences is an American television drama about the residents of the town of Rome, Wisconsin, created and produced by David E. Kelley. The show initially ran from September 18, 1992, to June 26, 1996, on the CBS television network in the United States. It sometimes struggled to maintain a stable primetime audience and had fluctuating ratings, due in part to its Friday night time slot. In its first season on the air it placed 80th in the prime-time Nielsen ratings and in its second season it moved to 66th. The show's exteriors were shot in the L.A. suburb of Monrovia, California, with many of the townspeople appearing in the background of episodes.", "title": "Picket Fences" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In law, a minor is a person under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood. The age of majority depends upon jurisdiction and application, but it is generally 18. Minor may also be used in contexts that are unconnected to the overall age of majority. For example, the drinking age in the United States is usually 21, and younger people are sometimes called minors in the context of alcohol law, even if they are at least 18. The term underage often refers to those under the age of majority, but it may also refer to persons under a certain age limit, such as the drinking age, smoking age, age of consent, marriageable age, driving age, voting age, etc. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority.", "title": "Minor (law)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The women's foil was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 21 September 2000. 40 fencers from 21 nations competed.", "title": "Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's foil" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4th, 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New York" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 in all states (see National Minimum Drinking Age Act), the legal details vary greatly. While a few states completely ban alcohol usage for people under 21, the majority have exceptions that permit consumption.", "title": "Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carabao Dang Energy Drink (; ) \"Khārābāw dæng\" (\"red water buffalo\") is a Thai energy drink launched in 2002 by Carabao Tawandang Co Ltd. It is now Thailand's second most popular energy drink. It is the key brand of Carabao Tawandang in Thailand, with an estimated 21 percent market share in 2014.", "title": "Carabao Energy Drink" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from October 13 to October 14, 1964. 55 fencers from 21 nations competed.", "title": "Fencing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's foil" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey and all other U.S. states comport with the requirement of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which sought to set a national standard of 21 as the minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. To make states comply, Congress tied a state's failure to enact a drinking age at 21 to a punitive decrease in a state's apportionment of federal highway funding. Federal law requires colleges and universities that accept federal financial aid institute policies to sanction students who violate underage drinking and other alcohol laws, and to track the number of liquor laws violations. The Chronicle of Higher Education has reported that many colleges fail to comply with these laws, and federal enforcement is minimal.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State Current legal drinking age Year adopted Previous legal drinking age New South Wales 18 1905 21 Queensland 18 21 South Australia 18 1971 21 to 20 in 1968 Tasmania 18 21 to 20 in 1967 Victoria 18 1906 10 Western Australia 18 1970 21 Australian Capital Territory 18 1928 Not amended Northern Territory 18 1929 Not amended", "title": "Alcohol laws of Australia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18 - year - old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area.", "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.", "title": "Legal drinking age" } ]	When did the drinking age change to 21 in the state where Picket Fences is set?	September 1, 1986	[]	Title: Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's foil Passage: The women's foil was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 21 September 2000. 40 fencers from 21 nations competed. Title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey Passage: New Jersey and all other U.S. states comport with the requirement of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which sought to set a national standard of 21 as the minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. To make states comply, Congress tied a state's failure to enact a drinking age at 21 to a punitive decrease in a state's apportionment of federal highway funding. Federal law requires colleges and universities that accept federal financial aid institute policies to sanction students who violate underage drinking and other alcohol laws, and to track the number of liquor laws violations. The Chronicle of Higher Education has reported that many colleges fail to comply with these laws, and federal enforcement is minimal. Title: 2013 European Fencing Championships Passage: The 2013 European Fencing Championships was held in Zagreb, Croatia from 16–21 June 2013. Venue for the competition was Arena Zagreb. Title: Alcohol laws of Australia Passage: Alcohol laws of Australia regulate the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages (If you are 18 and over in Australia you are allowed to vote, drink and drive). Legal age of drinking is 18. Title: The Barry Horns Passage: In December 2013, the band released a cover of the song "Only You", 30 years after the cover by The Flying Pickets had earned a Christmas Number 1. The recording failed to make the UK charts but proceeds were donated to the charity Prostate Cymru, with a dedication made to the Flying Pickets' lead vocalist, Brian Hibbard, who died of prostate cancer in 2012. A music video released on YouTube paid homage to the original Pickets video from 1983. Title: Minor (law) Passage: In law, a minor is a person under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood. The age of majority depends upon jurisdiction and application, but it is generally 18. Minor may also be used in contexts that are unconnected to the overall age of majority. For example, the drinking age in the United States is usually 21, and younger people are sometimes called minors in the context of alcohol law, even if they are at least 18. The term underage often refers to those under the age of majority, but it may also refer to persons under a certain age limit, such as the drinking age, smoking age, age of consent, marriageable age, driving age, voting age, etc. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority. Title: Fencing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's foil Passage: The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from October 13 to October 14, 1964. 55 fencers from 21 nations competed. Title: Alcohol laws of New Jersey Passage: New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18 - year - old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area. Title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin Passage: The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986. Title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin Passage: The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment. Title: Legal drinking age Passage: The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Title: Alcohol laws of Australia Passage: State Current legal drinking age Year adopted Previous legal drinking age New South Wales 18 1905 21 Queensland 18 21 South Australia 18 1971 21 to 20 in 1968 Tasmania 18 21 to 20 in 1967 Victoria 18 1906 10 Western Australia 18 1970 21 Australian Capital Territory 18 1928 Not amended Northern Territory 18 1929 Not amended Title: Alcohol laws of New York Passage: In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4th, 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving. Title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state Passage: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age, while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010. Title: Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States Passage: Although the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 in all states (see National Minimum Drinking Age Act), the legal details vary greatly. While a few states completely ban alcohol usage for people under 21, the majority have exceptions that permit consumption. Title: Legal drinking age Passage: The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Title: Carabao Energy Drink Passage: Carabao Dang Energy Drink (; ) "Khārābāw dæng" ("red water buffalo") is a Thai energy drink launched in 2002 by Carabao Tawandang Co Ltd. It is now Thailand's second most popular energy drink. It is the key brand of Carabao Tawandang in Thailand, with an estimated 21 percent market share in 2014. Title: Shark Energy Passage: Shark Energy Drink is available in a number of variations, including carbonated, uncarbonated versions, sugared and sugar-free. The drink is manufactured in Thailand by the Osotspa Co. Ltd in Bangkok, and also in Europe by Shark AG in Innsbruck, Austria. Title: Picket Fences Passage: Picket Fences is an American television drama about the residents of the town of Rome, Wisconsin, created and produced by David E. Kelley. The show initially ran from September 18, 1992, to June 26, 1996, on the CBS television network in the United States. It sometimes struggled to maintain a stable primetime audience and had fluctuating ratings, due in part to its Friday night time slot. In its first season on the air it placed 80th in the prime-time Nielsen ratings and in its second season it moved to 66th. The show's exteriors were shot in the L.A. suburb of Monrovia, California, with many of the townspeople appearing in the background of episodes. Title: Alcohol laws of New York Passage: In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise in 1984, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.	[ "Picket Fences", "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" ]
2hop__21457_849321	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beltrami is a neighborhood in the Northeast community in Minneapolis. Its boundaries are Broadway Street NE to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, East Hennepin Avenue to the south, and Central Avenue and Harrison Street NE to the west.", "title": "Beltrami, Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William H. Hume was an American architect in New York City. His work included the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York (1884) on Amsterdam Avenue (used as an Army Hall in 1943 and then by City College, the site is now the Jacob H. Schiff Playground), Langdon Building at 305 Broadway, Scotch Presbyterian Church on 96th Church and Central Park West (during the booming 1920s it was replaced by a \"Skyscraper Church\" designed by Rosario Candela, constructed in 1928–29 it included a 16-story apartment tower and a new church sanctuary and classroom space set into the base and fronting West 96th Street) New Netherland Hotel (1892), replaced by the Sherry Netherland Hotel in 1927, Mutual Reserve Building at 305 Broadway and an addition at 615–629 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) between West 18th and 19th Streets in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. Originally the B. Altman Dry Goods Store, built 1876–77 (David & John Jardine), with addition on the south in 1887 by William H. Hume, and on West 18th Street by Buchman & Fox, 1909. B. Altman moved to Fifth Avenue and 34th Street in 1906. The current street retail occupant is The Container Store.", "title": "William H. Hume" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Francis Jeffrey Dickens (15 January 1844 – 11 June 1886) was the third son and fifth child of Victorian English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens née Hogarth.", "title": "Francis Dickens" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue \"the most beautiful street in America\" when visiting the city in 1868.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spring Hill is the name of a ridge in the central part of the city of Somerville, Massachusetts, and the residential neighborhood that sits atop it. It runs northwest to southeast, roughly bounded by Highland Avenue, Somerville Avenue, Elm Street, and Willow Avenue. Summer Street runs along the hill's crest.", "title": "Spring Hill, Somerville, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported:", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.", "title": "William S. Simmons Plantation" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Madison is a luxury residential condominium tower located on 23rd Street between Broadway and Park Avenue South, at the foot of Madison Avenue, across from Madison Square Park in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The building's official address and main lobby entrance is at 23 East 22nd Street, not 1 Madison Avenue as one might expect based on the building's name. There is no public entrance on 23rd Street.", "title": "One Madison" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city also has several major surface arteries. U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford. The main road from downtown heading northwest is Whalley Avenue (partly signed as Route 10 and Route 63) leading to Westville and Woodbridge. Heading north towards Hamden, there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue. To the northeast are Middletown Avenue (Route 17), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of North Branford. To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby. Other major intracity arteries are Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10) west of downtown, and College Street, Temple Street, Church Street, Elm Street, and Grove Street in the downtown area.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pineridge is a neighbourhood in Northeast Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and is one of four neighbourhoods that make up what is called the Properties, along with Whitehorn, Temple, and Rundle. It is bordered by 32 Ave NE to the north, 52nd Street NE to the west, 16th Avenue NE (Highway 1 – the Trans Canada Highway) to the south, and 68th Street NE to the east.", "title": "Pineridge, Calgary" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th).", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States.", "title": "Yale University" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest decorated Neo-Gothic - style Catholic cathedral in North America. The cathedral, which can accommodate 3,000 people, is built of brick clad in marble, quarried in Massachusetts and New York. The main block of the cathedral is made of Tuckahoe marble. It takes up a whole city block, between 50th and 51st streets, Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. At the transepts, it is 174 feet (53.0 meters) wide and 332 feet (101.2 meters) long. The spires rise 330 feet (100.6 meters) from street level. The slate for the roof came from Monson, Maine.", "title": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wall Street Journal Cover of The Wall Street Journal (March 23, 2016), with the headline story reporting on the 2016 Brussels bombings. Type Daily newspaper Format Broadsheet Owner (s) News Corp (via Dow Jones & Company) Editor - in - chief Gerard Baker Opinion editor Paul A. Gigot Founded July 8, 1889; 128 years ago (1889 - 07 - 08) Language English Headquarters 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, U.S. Country United States Circulation 2,277,000 Daily (as of June 2017) ISSN 0099 - 9660 OCLC number 781541372 Website www.wsj.com Media of the United States List of newspapers", "title": "The Wall Street Journal" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Van Ness Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare in San Francisco, California. Originally named Marlette Street, the street was renamed Van Ness Avenue in honor of the city's seventh mayor, James Van Ness.", "title": "Van Ness Avenue" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest decorated Neo-Gothic - style Catholic cathedral in North America. The cathedral, which can accommodate 3,000 people, is built of brick clad in marble, quarried in Massachusetts and New York. The main block of the cathedral is made of Tuckahoe marble. It takes up a whole city block, between 50th and 51st streets, Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. At the transepts it is 174 feet (53.0 meters) wide and 332 feet (101.2 meters) long. The spires rise 330 feet (100.6 meters) from street level. The slate for the roof came from Monson, Maine.", "title": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)" } ]	Who is the spouse of the person who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840s?	Catherine Dickens	[]	Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th). Title: St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) Passage: St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest decorated Neo-Gothic - style Catholic cathedral in North America. The cathedral, which can accommodate 3,000 people, is built of brick clad in marble, quarried in Massachusetts and New York. The main block of the cathedral is made of Tuckahoe marble. It takes up a whole city block, between 50th and 51st streets, Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. At the transepts it is 174 feet (53.0 meters) wide and 332 feet (101.2 meters) long. The spires rise 330 feet (100.6 meters) from street level. The slate for the roof came from Monson, Maine. Title: Van Ness Avenue Passage: Van Ness Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare in San Francisco, California. Originally named Marlette Street, the street was renamed Van Ness Avenue in honor of the city's seventh mayor, James Van Ness. Title: Beltrami, Minneapolis Passage: Beltrami is a neighborhood in the Northeast community in Minneapolis. Its boundaries are Broadway Street NE to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, East Hennepin Avenue to the south, and Central Avenue and Harrison Street NE to the west. Title: William S. Simmons Plantation Passage: The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Title: William H. Hume Passage: William H. Hume was an American architect in New York City. His work included the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York (1884) on Amsterdam Avenue (used as an Army Hall in 1943 and then by City College, the site is now the Jacob H. Schiff Playground), Langdon Building at 305 Broadway, Scotch Presbyterian Church on 96th Church and Central Park West (during the booming 1920s it was replaced by a "Skyscraper Church" designed by Rosario Candela, constructed in 1928–29 it included a 16-story apartment tower and a new church sanctuary and classroom space set into the base and fronting West 96th Street) New Netherland Hotel (1892), replaced by the Sherry Netherland Hotel in 1927, Mutual Reserve Building at 305 Broadway and an addition at 615–629 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) between West 18th and 19th Streets in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. Originally the B. Altman Dry Goods Store, built 1876–77 (David & John Jardine), with addition on the south in 1887 by William H. Hume, and on West 18th Street by Buchman & Fox, 1909. B. Altman moved to Fifth Avenue and 34th Street in 1906. The current street retail occupant is The Container Store. Title: St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) Passage: St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest decorated Neo-Gothic - style Catholic cathedral in North America. The cathedral, which can accommodate 3,000 people, is built of brick clad in marble, quarried in Massachusetts and New York. The main block of the cathedral is made of Tuckahoe marble. It takes up a whole city block, between 50th and 51st streets, Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. At the transepts, it is 174 feet (53.0 meters) wide and 332 feet (101.2 meters) long. The spires rise 330 feet (100.6 meters) from street level. The slate for the roof came from Monson, Maine. Title: Yale University Passage: Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square. Title: Pineridge, Calgary Passage: Pineridge is a neighbourhood in Northeast Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and is one of four neighbourhoods that make up what is called the Properties, along with Whitehorn, Temple, and Rundle. It is bordered by 32 Ave NE to the north, 52nd Street NE to the west, 16th Avenue NE (Highway 1 – the Trans Canada Highway) to the south, and 68th Street NE to the east. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue. Title: Alexander Graham Bell Passage: In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported: Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue. Title: Spring Hill, Somerville, Massachusetts Passage: Spring Hill is the name of a ridge in the central part of the city of Somerville, Massachusetts, and the residential neighborhood that sits atop it. It runs northwest to southeast, roughly bounded by Highland Avenue, Somerville Avenue, Elm Street, and Willow Avenue. Summer Street runs along the hill's crest. Title: Francis Dickens Passage: Francis Jeffrey Dickens (15 January 1844 – 11 June 1886) was the third son and fifth child of Victorian English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens née Hogarth. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South. Title: One Madison Passage: One Madison is a luxury residential condominium tower located on 23rd Street between Broadway and Park Avenue South, at the foot of Madison Avenue, across from Madison Square Park in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The building's official address and main lobby entrance is at 23 East 22nd Street, not 1 Madison Avenue as one might expect based on the building's name. There is no public entrance on 23rd Street. Title: The Wall Street Journal Passage: The Wall Street Journal Cover of The Wall Street Journal (March 23, 2016), with the headline story reporting on the 2016 Brussels bombings. Type Daily newspaper Format Broadsheet Owner (s) News Corp (via Dow Jones & Company) Editor - in - chief Gerard Baker Opinion editor Paul A. Gigot Founded July 8, 1889; 128 years ago (1889 - 07 - 08) Language English Headquarters 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, U.S. Country United States Circulation 2,277,000 Daily (as of June 2017) ISSN 0099 - 9660 OCLC number 781541372 Website www.wsj.com Media of the United States List of newspapers Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: The city also has several major surface arteries. U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford. The main road from downtown heading northwest is Whalley Avenue (partly signed as Route 10 and Route 63) leading to Westville and Woodbridge. Heading north towards Hamden, there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue. To the northeast are Middletown Avenue (Route 17), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of North Branford. To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby. Other major intracity arteries are Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10) west of downtown, and College Street, Temple Street, Church Street, Elm Street, and Grove Street in the downtown area.	[ "Francis Dickens", "Yale University" ]
3hop1__833239_803028_485952	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Provisional Government of Free India Ārzī Hukūmat - e-Āzād Hind 1943 -- 1945 Flag Insignia Anthem Subh Sukh Chain Light green: Territory claimed. Dark green: Territory controlled (with Japanese assistance). Capital Port Blair (provisional) Capital - in - exile Rangoon Singapore Languages Hindustani Government Provisional government Head of State 1943 -- 1945 Subhas Chandra Bose Prime Minister 1943 -- 1945 Subhas Chandra Bose Historical era World War II Established 21 October 1943 Disestablished 18 August 1945 Currency Rupee Preceded by Succeeded by British Raj British Raj", "title": "Azad Hind" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Greene Township is one of thirteen townships in Parke County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 423 and it contained 191 housing units.", "title": "Greene Township, Parke County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Green Hills is an unincorporated community located in Robeson Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Green Hills is located along Pennsylvania Route 10 north of Pennsylvania Route 568 at exit 7 of Interstate 176.", "title": "Green Hills, Berks County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rockville Correctional Facility is a state prison located in Adams Township, Parke County, one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Rockville, Indiana. A part of the Indiana Department of Corrections, it is the largest state prison for women in Indiana with approximately 1,200 women. Although it is classified as a medium-security prison, it has inmates of all security levels.", "title": "Rockville Correctional Facility" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gudgenby River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Gudgenby River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Orroral River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Green Camp Township is one of the fifteen townships of Marion County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,179 people in the township, 374 of whom lived in the village of Green Camp.", "title": "Green Camp Township, Marion County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaunas County () is one of ten counties of Lithuania. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished .", "title": "Kaunas County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.", "title": "Abuja" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuscatlán is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of , it is El Salvador's smallest department. It is inhabited by over 252,000 people. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of the territory that is now El Salvador. In their language it means \"land of precious jewels\". It was created on 22 May 1835. Suchitoto was the first capital of the department but on 12 November 1861, Cojutepeque was made the capital. It is known in producing fruits, tobacco, sugar cane, and coffee among other items. The department is famous for its chorizos from the city of Cojutepeque.", "title": "Cuscatlán Department" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rockville is a town in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,607 at the 2010 census. The town is the county seat of Parke County. It is known as \"The Covered Bridge Capital of the World\".", "title": "Rockville, Indiana" } ]	The capital of the county which contains Greene Township, Indiana is located in what country?	U.S.	[ "the U.S.", "United States", "US", "U.S" ]	Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Greene Township, Parke County, Indiana Passage: Greene Township is one of thirteen townships in Parke County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 423 and it contained 191 housing units. Title: Azad Hind Passage: Provisional Government of Free India Ārzī Hukūmat - e-Āzād Hind 1943 -- 1945 Flag Insignia Anthem Subh Sukh Chain Light green: Territory claimed. Dark green: Territory controlled (with Japanese assistance). Capital Port Blair (provisional) Capital - in - exile Rangoon Singapore Languages Hindustani Government Provisional government Head of State 1943 -- 1945 Subhas Chandra Bose Prime Minister 1943 -- 1945 Subhas Chandra Bose Historical era World War II Established 21 October 1943 Disestablished 18 August 1945 Currency Rupee Preceded by Succeeded by British Raj British Raj Title: Kingston Powerhouse Passage: The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Orroral River Passage: Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Title: Baranya County (former) Passage: Baranya (, , / "Baranja", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs. Title: Gudgenby River Passage: The Gudgenby River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Title: Green Hills, Berks County, Pennsylvania Passage: Green Hills is an unincorporated community located in Robeson Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Green Hills is located along Pennsylvania Route 10 north of Pennsylvania Route 568 at exit 7 of Interstate 176. Title: Kaunas County Passage: Kaunas County () is one of ten counties of Lithuania. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished . Title: Rockville, Indiana Passage: Rockville is a town in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,607 at the 2010 census. The town is the county seat of Parke County. It is known as "The Covered Bridge Capital of the World". Title: Negaunee Township, Michigan Passage: Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous. Title: Rockville Correctional Facility Passage: Rockville Correctional Facility is a state prison located in Adams Township, Parke County, one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Rockville, Indiana. A part of the Indiana Department of Corrections, it is the largest state prison for women in Indiana with approximately 1,200 women. Although it is classified as a medium-security prison, it has inmates of all security levels. Title: Cuscatlán Department Passage: Cuscatlán is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of , it is El Salvador's smallest department. It is inhabited by over 252,000 people. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of the territory that is now El Salvador. In their language it means "land of precious jewels". It was created on 22 May 1835. Suchitoto was the first capital of the department but on 12 November 1861, Cojutepeque was made the capital. It is known in producing fruits, tobacco, sugar cane, and coffee among other items. The department is famous for its chorizos from the city of Cojutepeque. Title: History of Australia Passage: The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911. Title: Green Camp Township, Marion County, Ohio Passage: Green Camp Township is one of the fifteen townships of Marion County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,179 people in the township, 374 of whom lived in the village of Green Camp. Title: Olsztyn Voivodeship Passage: Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn. Title: Abuja Passage: Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.	[ "Greene Township, Parke County, Indiana", "Rockville Correctional Facility", "Rockville, Indiana" ]
3hop1__450185_102686_158690	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Long Creek Bridge is a bridge that spans across Long Creek. It is from the Canada–United States border and from Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The bridge was originally a wooden bridge that had reached the end of its useful life, and in 2009 work started on a new precast, pre-stressed concrete bridge as part of the federal government's National Action Plan.", "title": "Long Creek Bridge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morris Lake is a long shallow lake in Nova Scotia's Halifax Regional Municipality bordering the communities of Dartmouth, Shearwater and Cole Harbour.", "title": "Morris Lake (Nova Scotia)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade Falls is a waterfall on the Kettle River in the Boundary Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia. They are located just south of Christina Lake and just north of the Canada–United States border in a gorge 200-300 yards long and just below the railway bridge over the Kettle by the southern mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The ghost town of Cascade City aka Cascade is nearby and was named for the falls, even though they were not officially named until 1977.", "title": "Cascade Falls (Kettle River)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Switzerland joining the Schengen Treaty in March 2009, the air side was rearranged to include a Schengen and non-Schengen zone. As border control is staffed by both Swiss and French border officers, passengers departing to or arriving from non-Schengen countries may receive either a Swiss or French passport stamp, depending on which officer they happen to approach.", "title": "EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ivan Puni was born in Kuokkala (then Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, now Repino in Russia) to a family of Italian origins. He is the grandson of an eminent Italian composer of ballet music, Cesare Pugni.", "title": "Ivan Puni" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in St. Petersburg, she studied art in Paris from 1911 to 1913. She returned to St. Petersburg in 1913 and married Ivan Puni. Their apartment in St Petersburg became a meeting place for avant-garde artists and poets. With Puni she published the cubo-futurist booklet \"Roaring Parnassus\" («Рыкающий Парнас») in 1914.", "title": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The dismantling of the electric fence along Hungary's 240 kilometres (149 mi) long border with Austria was the first fissure in the ``Iron Curtain ''that had divided Europe for more than 40 years, since the end of World War II, and caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Berlin Wall.", "title": "Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Relocating his court from Jianzhou to Liaodong provided Nurhachi access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains on the plains of Mongolia. Although by this time the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes, these tribes still presented a serious security threat to the Ming borders. Nurhachi's policy towards the Khorchins was to seek their friendship and cooperation against the Ming, securing his western border from a powerful potential enemy.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Salonga is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. At the 2010 census, the CDP population was 10,008. The name evolved from the Revolutionary War-era British Fort Salonga, or Fort Slongo, (named after one of the fort’s architects) once located near the border of the towns of Huntington and Smithtown, overlooking Long Island Sound.", "title": "Fort Salonga, New York" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Toce () is a river in Piedmont, Italy, which stretches the length of the Val d'Ossola from the Swiss border to Lake Maggiore into which it debouches near Fondotoce in the commune of Verbania. The river is long and is formed in the upper Val Formazza by the confluence of a number of torrents in the plain of Riale.", "title": "Toce" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pembina River is a tributary of the Red River of the North, approximately long, in southern Manitoba in Canada and northeastern North Dakota in the United States. It drains an area (about 8500 square kilometers) of the prairie country along the Canada–US border, threading the Manitoba-North Dakota border eastward to the Red River. Via the Red River, Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River, it is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay.", "title": "Pembina River (Manitoba – North Dakota)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Sanford of south-central Connecticut, est. , is the high point on a long traprock mountain ridge located northwest of the city of New Haven. Mount Sanford is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. The Metacomet Ridge continues north from Mount Sanford as Peck Mountain and south as Mad Mare Hill and West Rock Ridge.", "title": "Mount Sanford (Connecticut)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CMS is 21.6 metres long, 15 m in diameter, and weighs about 14,000 tonnes. Approximately 3,800 people, representing 199 scientific institutes and 43 countries, form the CMS collaboration who built and now operate the detector. It is located in an underground cavern at Cessy in France, just across the border from Geneva. In July 2012, along with ATLAS, CMS tentatively discovered the Higgs boson..", "title": "Compact Muon Solenoid" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada ( ) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern border with the United States, stretching some , is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The A13 highway is a highway in Nigeria. It runs from Jimeta on the Benue River in Adamawa State north, close to the eastern border of the country, to join the A4 highway near Bama in Borno State.", "title": "A13 highway (Nigeria)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alberta Provincial Highway No. 12, commonly referred to as Highway 12, is an east-west highway through central Alberta. It runs from Highway 22, through Lacombe and Stettler, to the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. It generally runs parallel to Highway 13 to the north. Highway 12 is about long.", "title": "Alberta Highway 12" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It shares borders of 6,846 kilometres (4,254 mi) with Russia, 2,203 kilometres (1,369 mi) with Uzbekistan, 1,533 kilometres (953 mi) with China, 1,051 kilometres (653 mi) with Kyrgyzstan, and 379 kilometres (235 mi) with Turkmenistan. Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.Kazakhstan's terrain extends west to east from the Caspian Sea to the Altay Mountains and north to south from the plains of Western Siberia to the oases and deserts of Central Asia. The Kazakh Steppe (plain), with an area of around 804,500 square kilometres (310,600 sq mi), occupies one-third of the country and is the world's largest dry steppe region. The steppe is characterised by large areas of grasslands and sandy regions. Major seas, lakes and rivers include the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash and Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge and the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers.", "title": "Kazakhstan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Finland Group () was a formation of the Finnish Army during the Winter War. It was responsible for an almost 800-kilometer-long border from the town of Lieksa to the Arctic Ocean. The group was under the command of Major General Wiljo Tuompo, and its headquarters was located in Kajaani.", "title": "North Finland Group" } ]	How long is the border between Kazakhstan and the country that the spouse of Kseniya Boguslavskaya is from?	6,846 kilometres	[]	Title: Compact Muon Solenoid Passage: CMS is 21.6 metres long, 15 m in diameter, and weighs about 14,000 tonnes. Approximately 3,800 people, representing 199 scientific institutes and 43 countries, form the CMS collaboration who built and now operate the detector. It is located in an underground cavern at Cessy in France, just across the border from Geneva. In July 2012, along with ATLAS, CMS tentatively discovered the Higgs boson.. Title: Pembina River (Manitoba – North Dakota) Passage: The Pembina River is a tributary of the Red River of the North, approximately long, in southern Manitoba in Canada and northeastern North Dakota in the United States. It drains an area (about 8500 square kilometers) of the prairie country along the Canada–US border, threading the Manitoba-North Dakota border eastward to the Red River. Via the Red River, Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River, it is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay. Title: North Finland Group Passage: The North Finland Group () was a formation of the Finnish Army during the Winter War. It was responsible for an almost 800-kilometer-long border from the town of Lieksa to the Arctic Ocean. The group was under the command of Major General Wiljo Tuompo, and its headquarters was located in Kajaani. Title: Morris Lake (Nova Scotia) Passage: Morris Lake is a long shallow lake in Nova Scotia's Halifax Regional Municipality bordering the communities of Dartmouth, Shearwater and Cole Harbour. Title: EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg Passage: With Switzerland joining the Schengen Treaty in March 2009, the air side was rearranged to include a Schengen and non-Schengen zone. As border control is staffed by both Swiss and French border officers, passengers departing to or arriving from non-Schengen countries may receive either a Swiss or French passport stamp, depending on which officer they happen to approach. Title: Long Creek Bridge Passage: Long Creek Bridge is a bridge that spans across Long Creek. It is from the Canada–United States border and from Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The bridge was originally a wooden bridge that had reached the end of its useful life, and in 2009 work started on a new precast, pre-stressed concrete bridge as part of the federal government's National Action Plan. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Kseniya Boguslavskaya Passage: Born in St. Petersburg, she studied art in Paris from 1911 to 1913. She returned to St. Petersburg in 1913 and married Ivan Puni. Their apartment in St Petersburg became a meeting place for avant-garde artists and poets. With Puni she published the cubo-futurist booklet "Roaring Parnassus" («Рыкающий Парнас») in 1914. Title: Mount Sanford (Connecticut) Passage: Mount Sanford of south-central Connecticut, est. , is the high point on a long traprock mountain ridge located northwest of the city of New Haven. Mount Sanford is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. The Metacomet Ridge continues north from Mount Sanford as Peck Mountain and south as Mad Mare Hill and West Rock Ridge. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Relocating his court from Jianzhou to Liaodong provided Nurhachi access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains on the plains of Mongolia. Although by this time the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes, these tribes still presented a serious security threat to the Ming borders. Nurhachi's policy towards the Khorchins was to seek their friendship and cooperation against the Ming, securing his western border from a powerful potential enemy. Title: Alberta Highway 12 Passage: Alberta Provincial Highway No. 12, commonly referred to as Highway 12, is an east-west highway through central Alberta. It runs from Highway 22, through Lacombe and Stettler, to the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. It generally runs parallel to Highway 13 to the north. Highway 12 is about long. Title: Kazakhstan Passage: It shares borders of 6,846 kilometres (4,254 mi) with Russia, 2,203 kilometres (1,369 mi) with Uzbekistan, 1,533 kilometres (953 mi) with China, 1,051 kilometres (653 mi) with Kyrgyzstan, and 379 kilometres (235 mi) with Turkmenistan. Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.Kazakhstan's terrain extends west to east from the Caspian Sea to the Altay Mountains and north to south from the plains of Western Siberia to the oases and deserts of Central Asia. The Kazakh Steppe (plain), with an area of around 804,500 square kilometres (310,600 sq mi), occupies one-third of the country and is the world's largest dry steppe region. The steppe is characterised by large areas of grasslands and sandy regions. Major seas, lakes and rivers include the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash and Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge and the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers. Title: Cascade Falls (Kettle River) Passage: Cascade Falls is a waterfall on the Kettle River in the Boundary Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia. They are located just south of Christina Lake and just north of the Canada–United States border in a gorge 200-300 yards long and just below the railway bridge over the Kettle by the southern mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The ghost town of Cascade City aka Cascade is nearby and was named for the falls, even though they were not officially named until 1977. Title: Toce Passage: The Toce () is a river in Piedmont, Italy, which stretches the length of the Val d'Ossola from the Swiss border to Lake Maggiore into which it debouches near Fondotoce in the commune of Verbania. The river is long and is formed in the upper Val Formazza by the confluence of a number of torrents in the plain of Riale. Title: A13 highway (Nigeria) Passage: The A13 highway is a highway in Nigeria. It runs from Jimeta on the Benue River in Adamawa State north, close to the eastern border of the country, to join the A4 highway near Bama in Borno State. Title: Canada Passage: Canada ( ) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern border with the United States, stretching some , is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Title: Fort Salonga, New York Passage: Fort Salonga is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. At the 2010 census, the CDP population was 10,008. The name evolved from the Revolutionary War-era British Fort Salonga, or Fort Slongo, (named after one of the fort’s architects) once located near the border of the towns of Huntington and Smithtown, overlooking Long Island Sound. Title: Ivan Puni Passage: Ivan Puni was born in Kuokkala (then Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, now Repino in Russia) to a family of Italian origins. He is the grandson of an eminent Italian composer of ballet music, Cesare Pugni. Title: Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria Passage: The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The dismantling of the electric fence along Hungary's 240 kilometres (149 mi) long border with Austria was the first fissure in the ``Iron Curtain ''that had divided Europe for more than 40 years, since the end of World War II, and caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Berlin Wall. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.	[ "Ivan Puni", "Kseniya Boguslavskaya", "Kazakhstan" ]
2hop__102838_23140	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Growth in a Time of Debt, also known by its authors' names as Reinhart–Rogoff, is an economics paper by American economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff published in a non peer-reviewed issue of the \"American Economic Review\" in 2010. Politicians, commentators, and activists widely cited the paper in political debates over the effectiveness of austerity in fiscal policy for debt-burdened economies. The paper argues that when \"gross external debt reaches 60 percent of GDP\", a country's annual growth declined by two percent, and \"for levels of external debt in excess of 90 percent\" GDP growth was \"roughly cut in half.\" Appearing in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the evidence for the 90%-debt threshold hypothesis provided support for pro-austerity policies.", "title": "Growth in a Time of Debt" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of Q1 (the first quarter of) 2015, UK government debt amounted to £1.56 trillion, or 81.58% of total GDP, at which time the annual cost of servicing (paying the interest) the public debt amounted to around £43 billion (which is roughly 3% of GDP or 8% of UK government tax income). Approximately a third of this debt is owned by the British government due to the Bank of England's quantitative easing programme, so approximately 1 / 3 of the cost of servicing the debt is paid by the government to itself, reducing the annual servicing cost to approximately £30 billion (approx 2% of GDP, approx 5% of UK government tax income).", "title": "United Kingdom national debt" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is an underdeveloped mixed economy. It is the world's seventh - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China. The long - term growth prospective of the Indian economy is positive due to its young population, corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy.", "title": "Economy of India" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the previous SMP was temporary, while the Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) programme has no ex-ante time or size limit. On 4 September 2014, the bank went further by announcing it would buy bonds and other debt instruments primarily from banks in a bid to boost the availability of credit for businesses.", "title": "European Central Bank" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After fourteen consecutive years of economic growth, Greece went into recession in 2008. By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU. After several upward revisions, the 2009 budget deficit is now estimated at 15.7% of GDP. This, combined with rapidly rising debt levels (127.9% of GDP in 2009) led to a precipitous increase in borrowing costs, effectively shutting Greece out of the global financial markets and resulting in a severe economic crisis.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a sovereign country (2016), Texas would be the 10th largest economy in the world by GDP (ahead of South Korea and Canada). Texas's household income was $48,259 in 2010 ranking 25th in the nation. The state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $121.7 billion, or $7,400 per taxpayer. Texas has the second largest population in the country after California.", "title": "Economy of Texas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian government debt, commonly called the ``public debt ''or the`` national debt'', is the amount of money owed by the Government of Canada to holders of Canadian Treasury security. In 2013, this number stood at CAD $1.2 trillion across federal and provincial governments. With the total GDP somewhere around CAD $1.8 trillion, Canada's overall debt / GDP ratio is around 66%. ``Gross debt ''is the national debt plus intragovernmental debt obligations or debt held by trust funds. Types of securities sold by the government include treasury bills, notes, bonds, Real Return Bonds, Canada Savings Bonds, and provincial government securities.", "title": "Canadian public debt" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016.", "title": "National debt of the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan (about $1.06 trillion) and China (about $1.18 trillion).", "title": "National debt of the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel has one of the highest ratios of defense spending to GDP of all developed countries, only topped by Oman and Saudi Arabia. In 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its GDP on defense. By 2006, that figure had dropped to 7.3%. Israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the world for weapons exports in 2007. The majority of Israel's arms exports are unreported for security reasons. Since 1967, the United States has been a particularly notable foreign contributor of military aid to Israel: the US is expected to provide the country with $3.15 billion per year from 2013 to 2018. Israel is consistently rated low in the Global Peace Index, ranking 148th out of 162 nations for peacefulness in 2015.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In terms of ship categories, Greek companies have 22.6% of the world's tankers and 16.1% of the world's bulk carriers (in dwt). An additional equivalent of 27.45% of the world's tanker dwt is on order, with another 12.7% of bulk carriers also on order. Shipping accounts for an estimated 6% of Greek GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit. Earnings from shipping amounted to €14.1 billion in 2011, while between 2000 and 2010 Greek shipping contributed a total of €140 billion (half of the country's public debt in 2009 and 3.5 times the receipts from the European Union in the period 2000–2013). The 2011 ECSA report showed that there are approximately 750 Greek shipping companies in operation.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP. According to official federal statistical studies, the service sector accounted for the largest portion of the state economy at 59.28%; the manufacturing and industrial sector is estimated to account for 34.36% of the state's GDP, with the agricultural sector accounting for 6.36% of the state's GDP. Manufacturing sector was the principal foreign investment in the state followed by the mining sector. In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next \"BRIC-like\" economies. It is also listed among the \"Next Eleven\" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belgium was the first continental European country to undergo the Industrial Revolution, in the early 19th century. Liège and Charleroi rapidly developed mining and steelmaking, which flourished until the mid-20th century in the Sambre and Meuse valley and made Belgium among one of the three most industrialized nations in the world from 1830 to 1910. However, by the 1840s the textile industry of Flanders was in severe crisis, and the region experienced famine from 1846 to 1850.After World War II, Ghent and Antwerp experienced a rapid expansion of the chemical and petroleum industries. The 1973 and 1979 oil crises sent the economy into a recession; it was particularly prolonged in Wallonia, where the steel industry had become less competitive and experienced serious decline. In the 1980s and 1990s, the economic center of the country continued to shift northwards and is now concentrated in the populous Flemish Diamond area.By the end of the 1980s, Belgian macroeconomic policies had resulted in a cumulative government debt of about 120% of GDP. As of 2006, the budget was balanced and public debt was equal to 90.30% of GDP. In 2005 and 2006, real GDP growth rates of 1.5% and 3.0%, respectively, were slightly above the average for the Euro area. Unemployment rates of 8.4% in 2005 and 8.2% in 2006 were close to the area average. By October 2010, this had grown to 8.5% compared to an average rate of 9.6% for the European Union as a whole (EU 27). From 1832 until 2002, Belgium's currency was the Belgian franc. Belgium switched to the euro in 2002, with the first sets of euro coins being minted in 1999. The standard Belgian euro coins designated for circulation show the portrait of the monarch (first King Albert II, since 2013 King Philippe).", "title": "Belgium" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.4 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion).", "title": "National debt of the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.3 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion).", "title": "National debt of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as \"swaps\" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that \"The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps,\" and \"In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.\" These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Ukpai (born 11 October 1987 in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria) is a Nigerian footballer striker, who at the moment is playing at Faroese Premier League side B68 Toftir.", "title": "Emmanuel Ukpai" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Pauwels (1903 – unknown) was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France.", "title": "Emmanuel Pauwels" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States has a capitalist mixed economy which is fueled by abundant natural resources and high productivity. According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).The nominal GDP of the U.S. is estimated to be $17.528 trillion as of 2014. From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the G7. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita according to the United Nations (first in the Americas) and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP. The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.The United States is the largest importer of goods and second-largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export. Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt. The largest holder of the U.S. debt are American entities, including federal government accounts and the Federal Reserve, who hold the majority of the debt.", "title": "United States" } ]	What is the debt-to-GDP ratio of the country Emmanuel Ukpai is from?	11 percent	[]	Title: Economy of India Passage: The economy of India is an underdeveloped mixed economy. It is the world's seventh - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China. The long - term growth prospective of the Indian economy is positive due to its young population, corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. Title: Growth in a Time of Debt Passage: Growth in a Time of Debt, also known by its authors' names as Reinhart–Rogoff, is an economics paper by American economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff published in a non peer-reviewed issue of the "American Economic Review" in 2010. Politicians, commentators, and activists widely cited the paper in political debates over the effectiveness of austerity in fiscal policy for debt-burdened economies. The paper argues that when "gross external debt reaches 60 percent of GDP", a country's annual growth declined by two percent, and "for levels of external debt in excess of 90 percent" GDP growth was "roughly cut in half." Appearing in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the evidence for the 90%-debt threshold hypothesis provided support for pro-austerity policies. Title: National debt of the United States Passage: As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.4 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion). Title: Economy of Texas Passage: As a sovereign country (2016), Texas would be the 10th largest economy in the world by GDP (ahead of South Korea and Canada). Texas's household income was $48,259 in 2010 ranking 25th in the nation. The state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $121.7 billion, or $7,400 per taxpayer. Texas has the second largest population in the country after California. Title: Emmanuel Ukpai Passage: Emmanuel Ukpai (born 11 October 1987 in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria) is a Nigerian footballer striker, who at the moment is playing at Faroese Premier League side B68 Toftir. Title: Emmanuel Pauwels Passage: Emmanuel Pauwels (1903 – unknown) was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France. Title: Economy of Greece Passage: According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010. Title: National debt of the United States Passage: As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.3 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion). Title: Economy of Greece Passage: In terms of ship categories, Greek companies have 22.6% of the world's tankers and 16.1% of the world's bulk carriers (in dwt). An additional equivalent of 27.45% of the world's tanker dwt is on order, with another 12.7% of bulk carriers also on order. Shipping accounts for an estimated 6% of Greek GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit. Earnings from shipping amounted to €14.1 billion in 2011, while between 2000 and 2010 Greek shipping contributed a total of €140 billion (half of the country's public debt in 2009 and 3.5 times the receipts from the European Union in the period 2000–2013). The 2011 ECSA report showed that there are approximately 750 Greek shipping companies in operation. Title: Nigeria Passage: As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations. Title: Economy of Greece Passage: After fourteen consecutive years of economic growth, Greece went into recession in 2008. By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU. After several upward revisions, the 2009 budget deficit is now estimated at 15.7% of GDP. This, combined with rapidly rising debt levels (127.9% of GDP in 2009) led to a precipitous increase in borrowing costs, effectively shutting Greece out of the global financial markets and resulting in a severe economic crisis. Title: Israel Passage: Israel has one of the highest ratios of defense spending to GDP of all developed countries, only topped by Oman and Saudi Arabia. In 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its GDP on defense. By 2006, that figure had dropped to 7.3%. Israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the world for weapons exports in 2007. The majority of Israel's arms exports are unreported for security reasons. Since 1967, the United States has been a particularly notable foreign contributor of military aid to Israel: the US is expected to provide the country with $3.15 billion per year from 2013 to 2018. Israel is consistently rated low in the Global Peace Index, ranking 148th out of 162 nations for peacefulness in 2015. Title: European Central Bank Passage: As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the previous SMP was temporary, while the Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) programme has no ex-ante time or size limit. On 4 September 2014, the bank went further by announcing it would buy bonds and other debt instruments primarily from banks in a bid to boost the availability of credit for businesses. Title: Belgium Passage: Belgium was the first continental European country to undergo the Industrial Revolution, in the early 19th century. Liège and Charleroi rapidly developed mining and steelmaking, which flourished until the mid-20th century in the Sambre and Meuse valley and made Belgium among one of the three most industrialized nations in the world from 1830 to 1910. However, by the 1840s the textile industry of Flanders was in severe crisis, and the region experienced famine from 1846 to 1850.After World War II, Ghent and Antwerp experienced a rapid expansion of the chemical and petroleum industries. The 1973 and 1979 oil crises sent the economy into a recession; it was particularly prolonged in Wallonia, where the steel industry had become less competitive and experienced serious decline. In the 1980s and 1990s, the economic center of the country continued to shift northwards and is now concentrated in the populous Flemish Diamond area.By the end of the 1980s, Belgian macroeconomic policies had resulted in a cumulative government debt of about 120% of GDP. As of 2006, the budget was balanced and public debt was equal to 90.30% of GDP. In 2005 and 2006, real GDP growth rates of 1.5% and 3.0%, respectively, were slightly above the average for the Euro area. Unemployment rates of 8.4% in 2005 and 8.2% in 2006 were close to the area average. By October 2010, this had grown to 8.5% compared to an average rate of 9.6% for the European Union as a whole (EU 27). From 1832 until 2002, Belgium's currency was the Belgian franc. Belgium switched to the euro in 2002, with the first sets of euro coins being minted in 1999. The standard Belgian euro coins designated for circulation show the portrait of the monarch (first King Albert II, since 2013 King Philippe). Title: United Kingdom national debt Passage: As of Q1 (the first quarter of) 2015, UK government debt amounted to £1.56 trillion, or 81.58% of total GDP, at which time the annual cost of servicing (paying the interest) the public debt amounted to around £43 billion (which is roughly 3% of GDP or 8% of UK government tax income). Approximately a third of this debt is owned by the British government due to the Bank of England's quantitative easing programme, so approximately 1 / 3 of the cost of servicing the debt is paid by the government to itself, reducing the annual servicing cost to approximately £30 billion (approx 2% of GDP, approx 5% of UK government tax income). Title: Chihuahua (state) Passage: The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP. According to official federal statistical studies, the service sector accounted for the largest portion of the state economy at 59.28%; the manufacturing and industrial sector is estimated to account for 34.36% of the state's GDP, with the agricultural sector accounting for 6.36% of the state's GDP. Manufacturing sector was the principal foreign investment in the state followed by the mining sector. In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico. Title: United States Passage: The United States has a capitalist mixed economy which is fueled by abundant natural resources and high productivity. According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).The nominal GDP of the U.S. is estimated to be $17.528 trillion as of 2014. From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the G7. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita according to the United Nations (first in the Americas) and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP. The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.The United States is the largest importer of goods and second-largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export. Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt. The largest holder of the U.S. debt are American entities, including federal government accounts and the Federal Reserve, who hold the majority of the debt. Title: National debt of the United States Passage: On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016. Title: Canadian public debt Passage: The Canadian government debt, commonly called the ``public debt ''or the`` national debt'', is the amount of money owed by the Government of Canada to holders of Canadian Treasury security. In 2013, this number stood at CAD $1.2 trillion across federal and provincial governments. With the total GDP somewhere around CAD $1.8 trillion, Canada's overall debt / GDP ratio is around 66%. ``Gross debt ''is the national debt plus intragovernmental debt obligations or debt held by trust funds. Types of securities sold by the government include treasury bills, notes, bonds, Real Return Bonds, Canada Savings Bonds, and provincial government securities. Title: National debt of the United States Passage: On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan (about $1.06 trillion) and China (about $1.18 trillion).	[ "Nigeria", "Emmanuel Ukpai" ]
2hop__423160_74276	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lady Liu gave birth to Zhang Tianxi in 346. That year, Zhang Jun died. Nothing is known about her life between that year and 363, when Zhang Tianxi seized the throne from his nephew Zhang Xuanjing (Duke Jingdao) and honored her as princess dowager. (The exact title he honored her with is disputed historically; \"Zizhi Tongjian\" gave it as \"Taifei\" (太妃, translate as princess dowager), while \"Shiliuguo Chunqiu\" gave it as \"Taihou\" (太后, translate as queen dowager or empress dowager).", "title": "Princess Dowager Liu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning. Scholars generally concur, however, in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 10, 2013, Boss and fellow SYTYCD alum Allison Holker married at Nigel Lythgoe's Villa San Juliette Vineyard and Winery in Paso Robles, Calif. He became father to Holker's daughter, Weslie. On March 27, 2016, Holker gave birth to their son, Maddox Laurel.", "title": "Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dara Rasmi, The Princess consort (; , , , August 26, 1873 – December 9, 1933), was a princess of Chiang Mai and Siam (later Thailand) and the daughter of King Inthawichayanon of Chiang Mai and Queen Thip Keson of Chiang Mai descended from the Chet Ton Dynasty. She was one of the princess consorts of Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam and gave birth to one daughter by King Chulalongkorn, Princess Vimolnaka Nabisi.", "title": "Dara Rasmi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 5 July 2008, Emma Griffiths married Busted member Matt Willis at Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, after three years of dating. The wedding was featured in OK magazine. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter called Isabelle, in June 2009. In November 2011, the couple had a second child, a son called Ace, and in May 2016, Willis gave birth to her third child, a girl called Trixie.", "title": "Emma Willis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abatai was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty, as part of the Plain Blue Banner. He was the seventh son of Nurhaci, the khan of the Later Jin dynasty, the precursor of the Qing dynasty. His mother, who was from the Irgen Gioro (伊爾根覺羅) clan, was a concubine of Nurhaci.", "title": "Abatai" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth of Nuremberg (1358 – 26 July 1411) was the daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen. She was a member of the House of Hohenzollern, and the wife of Rupert of Germany. In 1398, she became the Electress of the Palatinate of the Rhine, and in 1400 she became Queen of the Romans.", "title": "Elisabeth of Nuremberg" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lê Thuần Tông (chữ Hán: 黎純宗, 1699–1735) birth name Lê Duy Tường (黎維祥, 黎維祜) was the thirteenth and fourth-last emperor of Vietnamese Lê Dynasty under the domination of the Trịnh Lords. He reigned from 1732 to 1735 and was succeeded by Lê Ý Tông.", "title": "Lê Thuần Tông" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the \"Badami Chalukyas\", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called \"Chalukyan architecture\". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri Donnedieu de Vabres (8 July 1880 – 14 February 1952) was a French jurist who took part in the Nuremberg trials after World War II. He was the primary French judge during the proceedings, with Robert Falco as his alternate.", "title": "Henri Donnedieu de Vabres" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Principality of Bayreuth () or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (\"Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth\") was an immediate territory of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty. Since Burgrave Frederick VI of Nuremberg was enfeoffed with the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1415/17, the Hohenzollern princes transferred the margravial title to their Franconian possessions, though the principality never had been a march. Until 1604 they used Plassenburg Castle in Kulmbach as their residence, hence their territory was officially called the Principality of Kulmbach or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach until the Empire's dissolution in 1806.", "title": "Principality of Bayreuth" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Xia dynasty is the legendary, possibly mythical first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the Bamboo Annals, the Classic of History and the Records of the Grand Historian. According to tradition, the Xia dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors gave his throne to him. The Xia was later succeeded by the Shang dynasty.", "title": "Xia dynasty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amarindra (; ; 15 March 1737 – 25 May 1826) was the Queen Consort of King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I), the founder of the Chakri Dynasty. Her birth name was Nak (นาค). She was a daughter of a wealthy Mon from Bang Chang, in Samut Songkhram Province.", "title": "Amarindra" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kyiso (, ; c. 1000–1038) was king of Pagan dynasty from 1021 to 1038. According to the Burmese chronicles, Kyiso was a son of King Nyaung-u Sawrahan but raised by King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu. Kunhsaw married Nyuang-u's three chief queens, two of whom were pregnant and subsequently gave birth to Kyiso and Sokkate. Sokkate and Kyiso were raised by Kunhsaw as his own sons. When the two sons reached manhood, they forced Kunhsaw to abdicate the throne and become a monk.", "title": "Kyiso" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Thunderman (Diego Velazquez) is the third - born Thunderman child. He is an energetic little brother to Phoebe and Max and older brother to Nora and Chloe. His superpower is super-speed. In one episode, it was revealed that Barb gave birth to Billy in the air while her husband was transporting her to a hospital, implying that Billy likely hit his head after birth, which is probably why he is sometimes unintelligent.", "title": "List of The Thundermans characters" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fernmeldeturm Nürnberg, the tallest structure in Bavaria, is a telecommunication tower in Nuremberg, southern Germany. Also called the \"Nürnberger Ei\" (\"Egg of Nuremberg\") because of its egg-shaped tower basket in a height of 185 metres, it is 292 metres high and was built between 1977 and 1980 according to blueprints by architect Erwin Heinle.", "title": "Fernmeldeturm Nürnberg" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further gains were halted by Hindu kingdoms in India in the battle of Rajasthan. The Arabs tried to invade India but they were defeated by the north Indian king Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty and by the south Indian Emperor Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty in the early 8th century. After this the Arab chroniclers admit that the Caliph Mahdi \"gave up the project of conquering any part of India.\"", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Being of commoner origin, Ỷ Lan was favoured by Lý Thánh Tông because she not only gave birth to his first child but also successfully acted the regency for him during the emperor's military campaign in the kingdom of Champa. After the death of Lý Thánh Tông, Ỷ Lan one more time took the position of regent by having the Empress Mother Thượng Dương and her servants killed after an order of Ỷ Lan's son Lý Nhân Tông. For her achievements, Ỷ Lan was considered one of the most important figures during the early Lý Dynasty and one of the few women who held significant political power in the dynastic time of the History of Vietnam.", "title": "Ỷ Lan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flocke () is a female polar bear who was born in captivity at the Nuremberg Zoo in Nuremberg, Germany on 11 December 2007. A few weeks after her birth, she was removed from her mother's care after concerns were raised for her safety. Although the zoo had established a strict non-interference policy with its animals, officials chose to raise the cub by hand. This decision came at a time when the zoo was receiving negative attention from the media after another female polar bear reportedly ate her newly born cubs.", "title": "Flocke" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" } ]	What dynasty gave birth to the empire that the Burgraviate of Nuremberg was part of?	the Carolingian family	[]	Title: Princess Dowager Liu Passage: Lady Liu gave birth to Zhang Tianxi in 346. That year, Zhang Jun died. Nothing is known about her life between that year and 363, when Zhang Tianxi seized the throne from his nephew Zhang Xuanjing (Duke Jingdao) and honored her as princess dowager. (The exact title he honored her with is disputed historically; "Zizhi Tongjian" gave it as "Taifei" (太妃, translate as princess dowager), while "Shiliuguo Chunqiu" gave it as "Taihou" (太后, translate as queen dowager or empress dowager). Title: Lê Thuần Tông Passage: Lê Thuần Tông (chữ Hán: 黎純宗, 1699–1735) birth name Lê Duy Tường (黎維祥, 黎維祜) was the thirteenth and fourth-last emperor of Vietnamese Lê Dynasty under the domination of the Trịnh Lords. He reigned from 1732 to 1735 and was succeeded by Lê Ý Tông. Title: History of India Passage: The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190. Title: Stephen "tWitch" Boss Passage: On December 10, 2013, Boss and fellow SYTYCD alum Allison Holker married at Nigel Lythgoe's Villa San Juliette Vineyard and Winery in Paso Robles, Calif. He became father to Holker's daughter, Weslie. On March 27, 2016, Holker gave birth to their son, Maddox Laurel. Title: Holy Roman Empire Passage: On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning. Scholars generally concur, however, in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role. Title: Dara Rasmi Passage: Dara Rasmi, The Princess consort (; , , , August 26, 1873 – December 9, 1933), was a princess of Chiang Mai and Siam (later Thailand) and the daughter of King Inthawichayanon of Chiang Mai and Queen Thip Keson of Chiang Mai descended from the Chet Ton Dynasty. She was one of the princess consorts of Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam and gave birth to one daughter by King Chulalongkorn, Princess Vimolnaka Nabisi. Title: Abatai Passage: Abatai was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty, as part of the Plain Blue Banner. He was the seventh son of Nurhaci, the khan of the Later Jin dynasty, the precursor of the Qing dynasty. His mother, who was from the Irgen Gioro (伊爾根覺羅) clan, was a concubine of Nurhaci. Title: Xia dynasty Passage: The Xia dynasty is the legendary, possibly mythical first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the Bamboo Annals, the Classic of History and the Records of the Grand Historian. According to tradition, the Xia dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors gave his throne to him. The Xia was later succeeded by the Shang dynasty. Title: Principality of Bayreuth Passage: The Principality of Bayreuth () or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth ("Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth") was an immediate territory of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty. Since Burgrave Frederick VI of Nuremberg was enfeoffed with the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1415/17, the Hohenzollern princes transferred the margravial title to their Franconian possessions, though the principality never had been a march. Until 1604 they used Plassenburg Castle in Kulmbach as their residence, hence their territory was officially called the Principality of Kulmbach or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach until the Empire's dissolution in 1806. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further gains were halted by Hindu kingdoms in India in the battle of Rajasthan. The Arabs tried to invade India but they were defeated by the north Indian king Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty and by the south Indian Emperor Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty in the early 8th century. After this the Arab chroniclers admit that the Caliph Mahdi "gave up the project of conquering any part of India." Title: Ỷ Lan Passage: Being of commoner origin, Ỷ Lan was favoured by Lý Thánh Tông because she not only gave birth to his first child but also successfully acted the regency for him during the emperor's military campaign in the kingdom of Champa. After the death of Lý Thánh Tông, Ỷ Lan one more time took the position of regent by having the Empress Mother Thượng Dương and her servants killed after an order of Ỷ Lan's son Lý Nhân Tông. For her achievements, Ỷ Lan was considered one of the most important figures during the early Lý Dynasty and one of the few women who held significant political power in the dynastic time of the History of Vietnam. Title: List of The Thundermans characters Passage: Billy Thunderman (Diego Velazquez) is the third - born Thunderman child. He is an energetic little brother to Phoebe and Max and older brother to Nora and Chloe. His superpower is super-speed. In one episode, it was revealed that Barb gave birth to Billy in the air while her husband was transporting her to a hospital, implying that Billy likely hit his head after birth, which is probably why he is sometimes unintelligent. Title: Fernmeldeturm Nürnberg Passage: The Fernmeldeturm Nürnberg, the tallest structure in Bavaria, is a telecommunication tower in Nuremberg, southern Germany. Also called the "Nürnberger Ei" ("Egg of Nuremberg") because of its egg-shaped tower basket in a height of 185 metres, it is 292 metres high and was built between 1977 and 1980 according to blueprints by architect Erwin Heinle. Title: Emma Willis Passage: On 5 July 2008, Emma Griffiths married Busted member Matt Willis at Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, after three years of dating. The wedding was featured in OK magazine. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter called Isabelle, in June 2009. In November 2011, the couple had a second child, a son called Ace, and in May 2016, Willis gave birth to her third child, a girl called Trixie. Title: Amarindra Passage: Amarindra (; ; 15 March 1737 – 25 May 1826) was the Queen Consort of King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I), the founder of the Chakri Dynasty. Her birth name was Nak (นาค). She was a daughter of a wealthy Mon from Bang Chang, in Samut Songkhram Province. Title: Beyoncé Passage: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy. Title: Flocke Passage: Flocke () is a female polar bear who was born in captivity at the Nuremberg Zoo in Nuremberg, Germany on 11 December 2007. A few weeks after her birth, she was removed from her mother's care after concerns were raised for her safety. Although the zoo had established a strict non-interference policy with its animals, officials chose to raise the cub by hand. This decision came at a time when the zoo was receiving negative attention from the media after another female polar bear reportedly ate her newly born cubs. Title: Henri Donnedieu de Vabres Passage: Henri Donnedieu de Vabres (8 July 1880 – 14 February 1952) was a French jurist who took part in the Nuremberg trials after World War II. He was the primary French judge during the proceedings, with Robert Falco as his alternate. Title: Elisabeth of Nuremberg Passage: Elisabeth of Nuremberg (1358 – 26 July 1411) was the daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen. She was a member of the House of Hohenzollern, and the wife of Rupert of Germany. In 1398, she became the Electress of the Palatinate of the Rhine, and in 1400 she became Queen of the Romans. Title: Kyiso Passage: Kyiso (, ; c. 1000–1038) was king of Pagan dynasty from 1021 to 1038. According to the Burmese chronicles, Kyiso was a son of King Nyaung-u Sawrahan but raised by King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu. Kunhsaw married Nyuang-u's three chief queens, two of whom were pregnant and subsequently gave birth to Kyiso and Sokkate. Sokkate and Kyiso were raised by Kunhsaw as his own sons. When the two sons reached manhood, they forced Kunhsaw to abdicate the throne and become a monk.	[ "Holy Roman Empire", "Principality of Bayreuth" ]
2hop__220241_62302	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He appeared in 139 La Liga games over the course of ten seasons and scored two goals, mainly at the service of Real Madrid. Later, he embarked on a managerial career which lasted more than 25 years, and included a brief spell with the Spain national team.", "title": "Vicente Miera" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was the player who scored the goal that gave the first Brazilian Championship title for Sport Club Corinthians Paulista at 1990.", "title": "Tupãzinho" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As a player, he was a defensive midfielder from 1990 until 2001 notably for Chelsea where he scored in the 1997 FA Cup final. He also played in the Football League for Cardiff City, Birmingham City, Oxford United and Barnet and in the Conference National for Hayes. He also earnt two caps for the England U21 side.", "title": "Eddie Newton" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bosch Josep-Clemente Gràcia (5 February 1897 – 6 March 1981), known as Grace, was a Spanish Catalan footballer who played as a forward and out as header during a career which lasted from 1917 to 1926. In the midst of his years (1919–26) as a member of FC Barcelona, he achieved a record, during the 1921–22 season, which has remained unbroken into 2010 — the most goals (59) scored by a player in a season.", "title": "Clemente Gràcia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2018 Commonwealth Games -- Men's hockey Tournament details Host country Australia City Gold Coast Dates 5 -- 14 April 2018 Teams 10 Venue (s) Gold Coast Hockey Centre Top three teams Champions Australia (6th title) Runner - up New Zealand Third place England Tournament statistics Matches played 27 Goals scored 117 (4.33 per match) Top scorer (s) Sam Ward (9 goals) ← 2014 (previous) (next) 2022 →", "title": "Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ronaldo scored his first and only hat - trick for Manchester United in a 6 -- 0 win against Newcastle United on 12 January 2008, bringing United up to the top of the Premier League table. A month later, on 19 March, he captained United for the first time in a home win over Bolton, and scored both goals of the match. His second goal was his 33rd of the campaign, which bettered George Best's total of 32 goals in the 1967 -- 68 season, thus setting the club's new single - season record by a midfielder. Ronaldo scored his final league goal of the season from the penalty spot in the title decider against Wigan on 11 May, as United claimed a second successive Premier League title. His 31 league goals earned him the Premier League Golden Boot, as well as the European Golden Shoe, which made him the first winger to win the latter award.", "title": "Cristiano Ronaldo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 1995 -- 96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League. After Shearer, Sergio Agüero is the second - fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 147 games.", "title": "List of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An inside forward, Jack started his senior career with his father's club, Plymouth Argyle, after the war. He played in the Southern League in 1919–20, and was a member of Plymouth's team for their first match in the newly formed Football League Third Division in 1920–21. He scored 15 goals in 48 appearances in all competitions. In late 1920 he returned to the town of his birth, signing for Bolton Wanderers for a world record fee of £3,500 (£ in 2020). He spent eight seasons with the Trotters, forming a formidable partnership with Joe Smith, and between them they scored more than 300 goals. While with Bolton, he made history by being the first person to score a goal at Wembley Stadium, in the 1923 FA Cup Final; Bolton won 2–0 and Jack earned his first medal.", "title": "David Jack" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unsatisfied with his position on the right wing, Messi resumed playing as a false nine in early 2010, beginning with a Champions League last 16 - round match against VfB Stuttgart. After a first - leg draw, Barcelona won the second leg 4 -- 0 with two goals and an assist from Messi. At that point, he effectively became the tactical focal point of Guardiola's team, and his goalscoring rate increased. Messi scored a total of 47 goals in all competitions that season, equaling Ronaldo's club record from the 1996 -- 97 campaign. He notably scored all of his side's four goals in the Champions League quarter - final against Arsène Wenger's Arsenal on 6 April while becoming Barcelona's all - time top scorer in the competition. Although Barcelona were eliminated in the Champions League semi-finals by the eventual champions, Inter Milan, Messi finished the season as top scorer (with 8 goals) for the second consecutive year. As the league's top scorer with 34 goals (again tying Ronaldo's record), he helped Barcelona win a second consecutive La Liga trophy with only a single defeat.", "title": "Lionel Messi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ľudovít Lancz (2 June 1964 – 20 July 2004) was a football player who played for the Czechoslovakia national football team. His position was both midfielder and forward. In eight seasons in the Czechoslovak First League, Lancz made 153 appearances and scored a total of 24 goals. He played for ŠK Slovan Bratislava in the 1991–92 Czechoslovak First League, with the club winning the league title that season.", "title": "Ľudovít Lancz" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bojan began his career at Barcelona after progressing through the youth ranks at La Masia. His early promise saw him make his first-team debut at the age of 17 years and 19 days, breaking the record set by Lionel Messi. In his debut season, he scored 12 goals in 48 matches. In total, he spent four seasons at Camp Nou, scoring 41 goals in 162 games before he was sold in July 2011 to Italian side Roma for a fee of €12 million. While in Rome, he scored seven goals in 37 appearances in 2011–12 and then spent the 2012–13 on loan at Milan, where he scored three goals in 27 games.", "title": "Bojan Krkić" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Gretzky scored his 50th goal in his 39th game in 1981 -- 82, the fastest any player has done so. He also shares the record for most 50 - goal seasons with Mike Bossy, each having reached the milestone nine times in their careers. A record fourteen players exceeded 50 goals in 1992 -- 93, after which offence declined across the league, and with it the number of players to reach the total. For the first time in 29 years, no player scored 50 goals in 1998 -- 99. Ninety - one unique players have scored 50 goals in any one NHL season, doing so a combined 186 times.", "title": "List of NHL players with 50-goal seasons" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1963–64 Bundesliga season was the inaugural season for a single division highest tier of football in West Germany. It began on 24 August 1963 and ended on 9 May 1964. The first goal was scored by Friedhelm Konietzka for Borussia Dortmund in their game against Werder Bremen. The championship was won by 1. FC Köln. The first teams to be relegated were Preußen Münster and 1. FC Saarbrücken.", "title": "1963–64 Bundesliga" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup Tournament details Host country Japan City Kakamigahara, Gifu Dates 28 October -- 5 November Teams 8 Venue (s) 1 (in 1 host city) Top three teams Champions India (2nd title) Runner - up China Third place South Korea Tournament statistics Matches played 24 Goals scored 134 (5.58 per match) Top scorer (s) Zhong Jiaqi (11 goals) ← 2013 (previous) (next) 2021 →", "title": "2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lightning's first regular season game took place on October 7, 1992, playing in Tampa's tiny 11,000 - seat Expo Hall at the Florida State Fairgrounds. They shocked the visiting Chicago Blackhawks 7 -- 3 with four goals by little - known Chris Kontos. The Lightning shot to the top of the Campbell Conference's Norris Division within a month, behind Kontos' initial torrid scoring pace and a breakout season by forward Brian Bradley. However, they buckled under the strain of some of the longest road trips in the NHL -- their nearest division rival, the Blues, were over 1,000 miles away -- and finished in last place with a record of 23 -- 54 -- 7 for 53 points. This was, at the time, one of the best - ever showings by an NHL expansion team. Bradley's 42 goals gave Tampa Bay fans optimism for the next season; it would be a team record until the 2006 -- 07 season.", "title": "Tampa Bay Lightning" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As hundreds of players have played for the team since it started officially registering its players in 1904, only players with 10 or more official goals are included. The national team's record goal - scorer is Thierry Henry, who scored 51 total goals in 123 competitive appearances for the team between 1997 and 2010. Henry surpassed Michel Platini, the previous all - time leading goal - scorer, on 17 October 2007 in a match against Lithuania. Henry is the only player to have reached the half - century mark in goals for the national team. Henry is followed by Platini, who scored 41 goals, David Trézéguet, who netted 34 goals, Olivier Giroud with 32 goals and Zinedine Zidane, with 31 goals. Henry, Trézéguet, and Zidane were members of the team that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, while Platini captained France to victory at UEFA Euro 1984.", "title": "List of leading goalscorers for the France national football team" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 11 January 2011, Sampdoria confirmed Icardi had signed with the club on loan until the end of the season. After a successful six-month loan for la Samp, scoring 13 goals in 19 games with the Primavera team, the Italian side utilised the option to buy Icardi for €400,000 in July 2011, signing a three-year deal. In 2011–12 season, he scored 19 goals in the reserve league Group A, as the joint-third topscorer of the league along with Gonzalo Barreto of Group C.", "title": "Mauro Icardi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chelsea lost its first pre-season match, against Rapid Wien, which ended in a 2 -- 0 defeat. In the following match of its Austrian tour, Chelsea won 3 -- 0 against Wolfsberger AC, with youngsters Bertrand Traoré, Ruben Loftus - Cheek and Nathaniel Chalobah each scoring a goal. The following day, Chelsea had a closed - door friendly with local team Atus Ferlach, ending its Austrian tour with an 8 -- 0 win over the champions of the Austrian fourth - tier Kärntner Liga.", "title": "2016–17 Chelsea F.C. season" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xavi's progression through the teams earned him a first-team appearance in a Copa Catalunya match against Lleida on 5 May 1998 and he scored his first goal on 18 August 1998 in the Super Cup final against Mallorca. His debut in La Liga came against Valencia on 3 October 1998 in a 3–1 victory for Barcelona. Initially featuring intermittently both for the reserve and senior teams, Xavi scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Real Valladolid when Barcelona were in tenth position in the league. Sustained impressive performances meant that he became a key member of Louis van Gaal's title-winning team, finishing his debut season with 26 matches played and being named 1999 La Liga Breakthrough Player of the Year. Xavi became Barcelona's principal playmaker after an injury to Pep Guardiola in the 1999–2000 season.", "title": "Xavi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City Spirit was an American soccer club based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma that was a member of the Lone Star Soccer Alliance. The team was formed by head coach Brian Harvey and assistant Coach West Harmmon. Brian's first priority was to signed two former OCU standouts. He signed Richard Benigno and Manny Uceda. Ironically Uceda and Benigno brought the Spirit its first championship that year. In the Championship game Uceda scored the first goal to give the Spirit the only goal they needed. Later in the game Benigno added and insurance goal making it 2-0 and minutes later Uceda added his second goal of the night making the final score 3-0. The Original team was composed of OCU, SNU and OCC players.", "title": "Oklahoma City Spirit" } ]	Who scored the first goal last season for the team which Eddie Newton was a member of?	Bertrand Traoré	[]	Title: Oklahoma City Spirit Passage: The Oklahoma City Spirit was an American soccer club based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma that was a member of the Lone Star Soccer Alliance. The team was formed by head coach Brian Harvey and assistant Coach West Harmmon. Brian's first priority was to signed two former OCU standouts. He signed Richard Benigno and Manny Uceda. Ironically Uceda and Benigno brought the Spirit its first championship that year. In the Championship game Uceda scored the first goal to give the Spirit the only goal they needed. Later in the game Benigno added and insurance goal making it 2-0 and minutes later Uceda added his second goal of the night making the final score 3-0. The Original team was composed of OCU, SNU and OCC players. Title: List of NHL players with 50-goal seasons Passage: Wayne Gretzky scored his 50th goal in his 39th game in 1981 -- 82, the fastest any player has done so. He also shares the record for most 50 - goal seasons with Mike Bossy, each having reached the milestone nine times in their careers. A record fourteen players exceeded 50 goals in 1992 -- 93, after which offence declined across the league, and with it the number of players to reach the total. For the first time in 29 years, no player scored 50 goals in 1998 -- 99. Ninety - one unique players have scored 50 goals in any one NHL season, doing so a combined 186 times. Title: List of leading goalscorers for the France national football team Passage: As hundreds of players have played for the team since it started officially registering its players in 1904, only players with 10 or more official goals are included. The national team's record goal - scorer is Thierry Henry, who scored 51 total goals in 123 competitive appearances for the team between 1997 and 2010. Henry surpassed Michel Platini, the previous all - time leading goal - scorer, on 17 October 2007 in a match against Lithuania. Henry is the only player to have reached the half - century mark in goals for the national team. Henry is followed by Platini, who scored 41 goals, David Trézéguet, who netted 34 goals, Olivier Giroud with 32 goals and Zinedine Zidane, with 31 goals. Henry, Trézéguet, and Zidane were members of the team that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, while Platini captained France to victory at UEFA Euro 1984. Title: 2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup Passage: 2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup Tournament details Host country Japan City Kakamigahara, Gifu Dates 28 October -- 5 November Teams 8 Venue (s) 1 (in 1 host city) Top three teams Champions India (2nd title) Runner - up China Third place South Korea Tournament statistics Matches played 24 Goals scored 134 (5.58 per match) Top scorer (s) Zhong Jiaqi (11 goals) ← 2013 (previous) (next) 2021 → Title: Tupãzinho Passage: He was the player who scored the goal that gave the first Brazilian Championship title for Sport Club Corinthians Paulista at 1990. Title: Cristiano Ronaldo Passage: Ronaldo scored his first and only hat - trick for Manchester United in a 6 -- 0 win against Newcastle United on 12 January 2008, bringing United up to the top of the Premier League table. A month later, on 19 March, he captained United for the first time in a home win over Bolton, and scored both goals of the match. His second goal was his 33rd of the campaign, which bettered George Best's total of 32 goals in the 1967 -- 68 season, thus setting the club's new single - season record by a midfielder. Ronaldo scored his final league goal of the season from the penalty spot in the title decider against Wigan on 11 May, as United claimed a second successive Premier League title. His 31 league goals earned him the Premier League Golden Boot, as well as the European Golden Shoe, which made him the first winger to win the latter award. Title: Xavi Passage: Xavi's progression through the teams earned him a first-team appearance in a Copa Catalunya match against Lleida on 5 May 1998 and he scored his first goal on 18 August 1998 in the Super Cup final against Mallorca. His debut in La Liga came against Valencia on 3 October 1998 in a 3–1 victory for Barcelona. Initially featuring intermittently both for the reserve and senior teams, Xavi scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Real Valladolid when Barcelona were in tenth position in the league. Sustained impressive performances meant that he became a key member of Louis van Gaal's title-winning team, finishing his debut season with 26 matches played and being named 1999 La Liga Breakthrough Player of the Year. Xavi became Barcelona's principal playmaker after an injury to Pep Guardiola in the 1999–2000 season. Title: Mauro Icardi Passage: On 11 January 2011, Sampdoria confirmed Icardi had signed with the club on loan until the end of the season. After a successful six-month loan for la Samp, scoring 13 goals in 19 games with the Primavera team, the Italian side utilised the option to buy Icardi for €400,000 in July 2011, signing a three-year deal. In 2011–12 season, he scored 19 goals in the reserve league Group A, as the joint-third topscorer of the league along with Gonzalo Barreto of Group C. Title: Tampa Bay Lightning Passage: The Lightning's first regular season game took place on October 7, 1992, playing in Tampa's tiny 11,000 - seat Expo Hall at the Florida State Fairgrounds. They shocked the visiting Chicago Blackhawks 7 -- 3 with four goals by little - known Chris Kontos. The Lightning shot to the top of the Campbell Conference's Norris Division within a month, behind Kontos' initial torrid scoring pace and a breakout season by forward Brian Bradley. However, they buckled under the strain of some of the longest road trips in the NHL -- their nearest division rival, the Blues, were over 1,000 miles away -- and finished in last place with a record of 23 -- 54 -- 7 for 53 points. This was, at the time, one of the best - ever showings by an NHL expansion team. Bradley's 42 goals gave Tampa Bay fans optimism for the next season; it would be a team record until the 2006 -- 07 season. Title: Vicente Miera Passage: He appeared in 139 La Liga games over the course of ten seasons and scored two goals, mainly at the service of Real Madrid. Later, he embarked on a managerial career which lasted more than 25 years, and included a brief spell with the Spain national team. Title: Lionel Messi Passage: Unsatisfied with his position on the right wing, Messi resumed playing as a false nine in early 2010, beginning with a Champions League last 16 - round match against VfB Stuttgart. After a first - leg draw, Barcelona won the second leg 4 -- 0 with two goals and an assist from Messi. At that point, he effectively became the tactical focal point of Guardiola's team, and his goalscoring rate increased. Messi scored a total of 47 goals in all competitions that season, equaling Ronaldo's club record from the 1996 -- 97 campaign. He notably scored all of his side's four goals in the Champions League quarter - final against Arsène Wenger's Arsenal on 6 April while becoming Barcelona's all - time top scorer in the competition. Although Barcelona were eliminated in the Champions League semi-finals by the eventual champions, Inter Milan, Messi finished the season as top scorer (with 8 goals) for the second consecutive year. As the league's top scorer with 34 goals (again tying Ronaldo's record), he helped Barcelona win a second consecutive La Liga trophy with only a single defeat. Title: Ľudovít Lancz Passage: Ľudovít Lancz (2 June 1964 – 20 July 2004) was a football player who played for the Czechoslovakia national football team. His position was both midfielder and forward. In eight seasons in the Czechoslovak First League, Lancz made 153 appearances and scored a total of 24 goals. He played for ŠK Slovan Bratislava in the 1991–92 Czechoslovak First League, with the club winning the league title that season. Title: Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament Passage: 2018 Commonwealth Games -- Men's hockey Tournament details Host country Australia City Gold Coast Dates 5 -- 14 April 2018 Teams 10 Venue (s) Gold Coast Hockey Centre Top three teams Champions Australia (6th title) Runner - up New Zealand Third place England Tournament statistics Matches played 27 Goals scored 117 (4.33 per match) Top scorer (s) Sam Ward (9 goals) ← 2014 (previous) (next) 2022 → Title: 2016–17 Chelsea F.C. season Passage: Chelsea lost its first pre-season match, against Rapid Wien, which ended in a 2 -- 0 defeat. In the following match of its Austrian tour, Chelsea won 3 -- 0 against Wolfsberger AC, with youngsters Bertrand Traoré, Ruben Loftus - Cheek and Nathaniel Chalobah each scoring a goal. The following day, Chelsea had a closed - door friendly with local team Atus Ferlach, ending its Austrian tour with an 8 -- 0 win over the champions of the Austrian fourth - tier Kärntner Liga. Title: Clemente Gràcia Passage: Bosch Josep-Clemente Gràcia (5 February 1897 – 6 March 1981), known as Grace, was a Spanish Catalan footballer who played as a forward and out as header during a career which lasted from 1917 to 1926. In the midst of his years (1919–26) as a member of FC Barcelona, he achieved a record, during the 1921–22 season, which has remained unbroken into 2010 — the most goals (59) scored by a player in a season. Title: 1963–64 Bundesliga Passage: The 1963–64 Bundesliga season was the inaugural season for a single division highest tier of football in West Germany. It began on 24 August 1963 and ended on 9 May 1964. The first goal was scored by Friedhelm Konietzka for Borussia Dortmund in their game against Werder Bremen. The championship was won by 1. FC Köln. The first teams to be relegated were Preußen Münster and 1. FC Saarbrücken. Title: Eddie Newton Passage: As a player, he was a defensive midfielder from 1990 until 2001 notably for Chelsea where he scored in the 1997 FA Cup final. He also played in the Football League for Cardiff City, Birmingham City, Oxford United and Barnet and in the Conference National for Hayes. He also earnt two caps for the England U21 side. Title: David Jack Passage: An inside forward, Jack started his senior career with his father's club, Plymouth Argyle, after the war. He played in the Southern League in 1919–20, and was a member of Plymouth's team for their first match in the newly formed Football League Third Division in 1920–21. He scored 15 goals in 48 appearances in all competitions. In late 1920 he returned to the town of his birth, signing for Bolton Wanderers for a world record fee of £3,500 (£ in 2020). He spent eight seasons with the Trotters, forming a formidable partnership with Joe Smith, and between them they scored more than 300 goals. While with Bolton, he made history by being the first person to score a goal at Wembley Stadium, in the 1923 FA Cup Final; Bolton won 2–0 and Jack earned his first medal. Title: Bojan Krkić Passage: Bojan began his career at Barcelona after progressing through the youth ranks at La Masia. His early promise saw him make his first-team debut at the age of 17 years and 19 days, breaking the record set by Lionel Messi. In his debut season, he scored 12 goals in 48 matches. In total, he spent four seasons at Camp Nou, scoring 41 goals in 162 games before he was sold in July 2011 to Italian side Roma for a fee of €12 million. While in Rome, he scored seven goals in 37 appearances in 2011–12 and then spent the 2012–13 on loan at Milan, where he scored three goals in 27 games. Title: List of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals Passage: During the 1995 -- 96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League. After Shearer, Sergio Agüero is the second - fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 147 games.	[ "Eddie Newton", "2016–17 Chelsea F.C. season" ]
4hop3__341301_75897_8509_19700	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queijadinha is a kind of sweet which originated in Portugal, and is common in Brazil. This candy was essentially improved during the colonial period in the farms of colonial Brazil and it was very influenced by the African slave culture. There are many types of \"queijadinhas\", but the traditional one is prepared with these main ingredients: grated coconut and cheese, sweetened condensed milk, sugar, butter and egg yolks. Queijadinhas are very common in bakeries and children’s parties.", "title": "Queijadinha" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Coppename is a river in Suriname (South America) in the district of Sipaliwini, forming part of the boundary between the districts of Coronie and Saramacca.", "title": "Coppename River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other Puritans were convinced that New England could provide a religious refuge, and the enterprise was reorganized as the Massachusetts Bay Company. In March 1629, it succeeded in obtaining from King Charles a royal charter for the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1630, the first ships of the Great Puritan Migration sailed to the New World, led by John Winthrop.", "title": "History of the Puritans in North America" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as \"partial migration\". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties.", "title": "United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The French gained major ground in West Africa, and the Portuguese held colonies in southern Africa. Germany, Italy, and Spain established a small number of colonies at various points throughout the continent, which included German East Africa (Tanganyika) and German Southwest Africa for Germany, Eritrea and Libya for Italy, and the Canary Islands and Rio de Oro in northwestern Africa for Spain. Finally, for King Leopold (ruled from 1865–1909), there was the large “piece of that great African cake” known as the Congo, which, unfortunately for the native Congolese, became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa. By 1914, almost the entire continent was under European control. Liberia, which was settled by freed American slaves in the 1820s, and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in eastern Africa were the last remaining independent African states. (John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, Volume Two: From the French Revolution to the Present, Third Edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010), pp. 819–859).", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese: municípios or concelhos), which after a reform in 2013 are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesia). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services). For statistical purposes the Portuguese government also identifies NUTS, inter-municipal communities and informally, the district system, used until European integration (and being phased-out by the national government).[original research?] Continental Portugal is agglomerated into 18 districts, while the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are governed as autonomous regions; the largest units, established since 1976, are either mainland Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal Continental) and the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira).", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Australia from 1788 -- 1850 covers the early colonial period of Australia's history, from the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney, New South Wales, who established the penal colony, the scientific exploration of the continent and later, establishment of other Australian colonies and the beginnings of representative democratic government. European colonisation would have a devastating effect on the pre-existing population of Indigenous Australians, and debate continues in the 21st century as to whether the colonisation process represented settlement, invasion, or a mixture of both.", "title": "History of Australia (1788–1850)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Borough of Great Yarmouth is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. It is named after its main town, Great Yarmouth.", "title": "Borough of Great Yarmouth" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the \"four great\" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the \"roaring forties\" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan.", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed.", "title": "Portuguese Empire" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the next ten years, there was a steady exodus of Puritans from England, with about 20,000 people emigrating to Massachusetts and the neighboring colonies during the Great Migration. Many ministers reacted to the repressive religious policies of England, making the trip with their congregations, among whom were John Cotton, Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker, and others. Religious divisions and the need for additional land prompted a number of new settlements that resulted in Connecticut Colony (by Hooker) and the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (by Williams and others). Minister John Wheelwright was banished in the wake of the Antinomian Controversy (like Anne Hutchinson), and he moved north to found Exeter, New Hampshire.", "title": "Massachusetts Bay Colony" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. Following an attempted republican revolution in Ireland in 1798, the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were unified in 1801, creating the United Kingdom. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining outside of the United Kingdom but with their ultimate good governance being the responsibility of the British Crown (effectively the British government). Although, the colonies of North American that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere. A century later it would cover one third of the globe. Poverty in the United Kingdom remained desperate however and industrialisation in England led to terrible condition for the working class. Mass migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second-half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with the six counties that formed Northern Ireland remaining as an autonomous region of the UK.", "title": "British Isles" } ]	How many people who started the great migration of the Slavs live in the colony in the continent Coronie District is located that was governed by Portugal?f	5 million	[]	Title: Bird migration Passage: Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order. Title: History of the Puritans in North America Passage: Other Puritans were convinced that New England could provide a religious refuge, and the enterprise was reorganized as the Massachusetts Bay Company. In March 1629, it succeeded in obtaining from King Charles a royal charter for the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1630, the first ships of the Great Puritan Migration sailed to the New World, led by John Winthrop. Title: Portugal Passage: Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese: municípios or concelhos), which after a reform in 2013 are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesia). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services). For statistical purposes the Portuguese government also identifies NUTS, inter-municipal communities and informally, the district system, used until European integration (and being phased-out by the national government).[original research?] Continental Portugal is agglomerated into 18 districts, while the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are governed as autonomous regions; the largest units, established since 1976, are either mainland Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal Continental) and the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira). Title: Modern history Passage: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior. Title: United States Passage: Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. Title: Germans Passage: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. Title: History of Maryland Passage: The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years. Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony Passage: For the next ten years, there was a steady exodus of Puritans from England, with about 20,000 people emigrating to Massachusetts and the neighboring colonies during the Great Migration. Many ministers reacted to the repressive religious policies of England, making the trip with their congregations, among whom were John Cotton, Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker, and others. Religious divisions and the need for additional land prompted a number of new settlements that resulted in Connecticut Colony (by Hooker) and the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (by Williams and others). Minister John Wheelwright was banished in the wake of the Antinomian Controversy (like Anne Hutchinson), and he moved north to found Exeter, New Hampshire. Title: History of Australia (1788–1850) Passage: The history of Australia from 1788 -- 1850 covers the early colonial period of Australia's history, from the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney, New South Wales, who established the penal colony, the scientific exploration of the continent and later, establishment of other Australian colonies and the beginnings of representative democratic government. European colonisation would have a devastating effect on the pre-existing population of Indigenous Australians, and debate continues in the 21st century as to whether the colonisation process represented settlement, invasion, or a mixture of both. Title: Slavs Passage: According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa. Title: Bird migration Passage: The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan. Title: British Isles Passage: The Kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. Following an attempted republican revolution in Ireland in 1798, the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were unified in 1801, creating the United Kingdom. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining outside of the United Kingdom but with their ultimate good governance being the responsibility of the British Crown (effectively the British government). Although, the colonies of North American that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere. A century later it would cover one third of the globe. Poverty in the United Kingdom remained desperate however and industrialisation in England led to terrible condition for the working class. Mass migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second-half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with the six counties that formed Northern Ireland remaining as an autonomous region of the UK. Title: Slavs Passage: Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions. Title: British Empire Passage: During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. Title: Cardinal (Catholic Church) Passage: In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the "four great" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king. Title: Coppename River Passage: The Coppename is a river in Suriname (South America) in the district of Sipaliwini, forming part of the boundary between the districts of Coronie and Saramacca. Title: Borough of Great Yarmouth Passage: The Borough of Great Yarmouth is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. It is named after its main town, Great Yarmouth. Title: Portuguese Empire Passage: Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. Title: Modern history Passage: From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The French gained major ground in West Africa, and the Portuguese held colonies in southern Africa. Germany, Italy, and Spain established a small number of colonies at various points throughout the continent, which included German East Africa (Tanganyika) and German Southwest Africa for Germany, Eritrea and Libya for Italy, and the Canary Islands and Rio de Oro in northwestern Africa for Spain. Finally, for King Leopold (ruled from 1865–1909), there was the large “piece of that great African cake” known as the Congo, which, unfortunately for the native Congolese, became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa. By 1914, almost the entire continent was under European control. Liberia, which was settled by freed American slaves in the 1820s, and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in eastern Africa were the last remaining independent African states. (John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, Volume Two: From the French Revolution to the Present, Third Edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010), pp. 819–859). Title: Queijadinha Passage: Queijadinha is a kind of sweet which originated in Portugal, and is common in Brazil. This candy was essentially improved during the colonial period in the farms of colonial Brazil and it was very influenced by the African slave culture. There are many types of "queijadinhas", but the traditional one is prepared with these main ingredients: grated coconut and cheese, sweetened condensed milk, sugar, butter and egg yolks. Queijadinhas are very common in bakeries and children’s parties.	[ "Coppename River", "Slavs", "Portuguese Empire", "Germans" ]
3hop1__115784_314101_85185	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to American psychiatrist Loren Mosher, most deinstitutionalisation in the USA took place after 1972, as a result of the availability of SSI and Social Security Disability, long after the antipsychotic drugs were used universally in state hospitals. This period marked the growth in community support funds and community development, including early group homes, the first community mental health apartment programs, drop - in and transitional employment, and sheltered workshops in the community which predated community forms of supportive housing and supported living.", "title": "Deinstitutionalisation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vic Latino (born Victor J. Canales in Long Island, New York) is an American radio and television personality of Spanish descent. He is co-founder of JVC Broadcasting which owns radio stations on Long Island and in the state of Florida.", "title": "Vic Latino" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Isokon Long Chair is a chair designed by Marcel Breuer for the Isokon company in 1935-36. The chair is considered one of the most important pieces of furniture to emerge from the inter-war modern movement and it is in the permanent collections of several internationally renowned museums including the Victoria and Albert Museum.", "title": "Isokon Long Chair" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy. It can be seen as corruption if this means that incompetent persons, as a payment for supporting the regime, are selected before more able ones. In nondemocracies many government officials are often selected for loyalty rather than ability. They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group (for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany) that support the regime in return for such favors. A similar problem can also be seen in Eastern Europe, for example in Romania, where the government is often accused of patronage (when a new government comes to power it rapidly changes most of the officials in the public sector).", "title": "Political corruption" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970s. This was reinforced by an appreciation, following the trend in sociological thought, of the manner in which the individual is affected by and contributes to the overall social context. At the same time, the Eriksonian approach to identity remained in force, with the result that identity has continued until recently to be used in a largely socio-historical way to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others and to a particular group of people.", "title": "Identity (social science)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term ``collective bargaining ''was first used in 1891 by Beatrice Webb, a founder of the field of industrial relations in Britain. It refers to the sort of collective negotiations and agreements that had existed since the rise of trade unions during the 18th century.", "title": "Collective bargaining" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alberico Gentili (January 14, 1552June 19, 1608) was an Italian lawyer, jurist, and a former standing advocate to the Spanish Embassy in London, who served as the Regius professor of civil law at the University of Oxford for 21 years. Recognised as the founder of the science of international law alongside Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius, Gentili is perhaps one of the most influential people in legal education ever to have lived. He is one of the three men referred to as the \"Father of international law\". Gentili has been the earliest writer on public international law and the first person to split secularism from canon law and Roman Catholic theology. In 1587, he became the first non-English Regius Professor.", "title": "Alberico Gentili" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Most textbooks date the establishment of the ``Publicity Bureau ''in 1900 as the start of the modern public relations (PR) profession. Of course, there were many early forms of public influence and communications management in history. Basil Clarke is considered the founder of the public relations profession in Britain with his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924. Academic Noel Turnball points out that systematic PR was employed in Britain first by religious evangelicals and Victorian reformers, especially opponents of slavery. In each case the early promoters focused on their particular movement and were not for hire more generally.", "title": "History of public relations" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Man's best friend ''is a common phrase about domestic dogs, referring to their millennia - long history of close relations, loyalty, and companionship with humans. The first recorded use of a related phrase is by Frederick the Great of Prussia. It was likely popularized by its use in a poem by Ogden Nash and has since become a common colloquialism.", "title": "Man's best friend" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Psychoanalytic theory is the theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development that guides psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, psychoanalytic theory has undergone many refinements since his work. Psychoanalytic theory came to full prominence in the last third of the twentieth century as part of the flow of critical discourse regarding psychological treatments after the 1960s, long after Freud's death in 1939, and its validity is now widely disputed or rejected. Freud had ceased his analysis of the brain and his physiological studies and shifted his focus to the study of the mind and the related psychological attributes making up the mind, and on treatment using free association and the phenomena of transference. His study emphasized the recognition of childhood events that could influence the mental functioning of adults. His examination of the genetic and then the developmental aspects gave the psychoanalytic theory its characteristics. Starting with his publication of The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899, his theories began to gain prominence.", "title": "Psychoanalytic theory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "They were all influenced by Walter Gropius, who founded the Bauhaus in 1919, and thereafter became head of the architecture program at Harvard.", "title": "Harvard Five" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NHibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) solution for the Microsoft .NET platform. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional relational database. Its purpose is to relieve the developer from a significant portion of relational data persistence-related programming tasks. NHibernate is free as open source software that is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License. NHibernate is a port of Hibernate.", "title": "NHibernate" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Homestead strike broke the AA as a force in the American labor movement. Many employers refused to sign contracts with their AA unions while the strike lasted. A deepening in 1889 of the Long Depression led most steel companies to seek wage decreases similar to those imposed at Homestead.", "title": "Homestead strike" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Hixson (born July 26, 1957) was a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 43rd Assembly District 2007-2011. He chaired the Colleges and Universities Committee and was a member of the Education, Financial Institutions, Work Force Development, and Consumer Protection committees. He previously served as a member of the Committees on Aging and Long Term Care, and Rural Economic Development.", "title": "Kim Hixson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered on the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the second largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. The city of Tucson is also a major hub for the Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route that links the Los Angeles ports with the South/Southeast regions of the country.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blistex is an American company that develops, produces, and markets personal care products. It began as a small family company in 1947. Its focus was to develop and market lip care products in the United States. It then became a private company based in Oak Brook, Illinois that primarily manufactures lip balm, lip ointment, and other lip-related products. It also produces anti-itch ointments, moisturizing lotions, the Odor-Eaters footcare product, and other skin care medications.", "title": "Blistex, Incorporated" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly. Some approved drugs, such as those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient (also referred to as Line-extensions) are much less expensive to develop.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number, is a unique nine - digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification. When the number is used for identification rather than employment tax reporting, it is usually referred to as a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), and when used for the purposes of reporting employment taxes, it is usually referred to as an EIN. These numbers are used for tax administration and must be not used for any other purpose. For example, the EIN should not be used in tax lien auction or sales, lotteries, etc.", "title": "Employer Identification Number" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority.", "title": "Philosophy of space and time" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Riviera refers collectively to twenty cities and lagoons lying on the western coast of Mexico. Although there are long distances between these cities, they are often collectively referred to as the \"Mexican Riviera\" because of their many oceanfront resorts and their popularity among tourists. Cruise ships often visit three or four of these destinations on their longer cruises. In a 2005 interview Stanley McDonald, the founder of Princess Cruises, mentioned:", "title": "Mexican Riviera" } ]	Who, dropping out of the university employing the person developing Isokon Long Chair, became the person many refer to as the founder of public relations?	Basil Clarke	[]	Title: Psychoanalytic theory Passage: Psychoanalytic theory is the theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development that guides psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, psychoanalytic theory has undergone many refinements since his work. Psychoanalytic theory came to full prominence in the last third of the twentieth century as part of the flow of critical discourse regarding psychological treatments after the 1960s, long after Freud's death in 1939, and its validity is now widely disputed or rejected. Freud had ceased his analysis of the brain and his physiological studies and shifted his focus to the study of the mind and the related psychological attributes making up the mind, and on treatment using free association and the phenomena of transference. His study emphasized the recognition of childhood events that could influence the mental functioning of adults. His examination of the genetic and then the developmental aspects gave the psychoanalytic theory its characteristics. Starting with his publication of The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899, his theories began to gain prominence. Title: Philosophy of space and time Passage: Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority. Title: Isokon Long Chair Passage: The Isokon Long Chair is a chair designed by Marcel Breuer for the Isokon company in 1935-36. The chair is considered one of the most important pieces of furniture to emerge from the inter-war modern movement and it is in the permanent collections of several internationally renowned museums including the Victoria and Albert Museum. Title: Identity (social science) Passage: Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970s. This was reinforced by an appreciation, following the trend in sociological thought, of the manner in which the individual is affected by and contributes to the overall social context. At the same time, the Eriksonian approach to identity remained in force, with the result that identity has continued until recently to be used in a largely socio-historical way to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others and to a particular group of people. Title: Homestead strike Passage: The Homestead strike broke the AA as a force in the American labor movement. Many employers refused to sign contracts with their AA unions while the strike lasted. A deepening in 1889 of the Long Depression led most steel companies to seek wage decreases similar to those imposed at Homestead. Title: Kim Hixson Passage: Kim Hixson (born July 26, 1957) was a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 43rd Assembly District 2007-2011. He chaired the Colleges and Universities Committee and was a member of the Education, Financial Institutions, Work Force Development, and Consumer Protection committees. He previously served as a member of the Committees on Aging and Long Term Care, and Rural Economic Development. Title: Harvard Five Passage: They were all influenced by Walter Gropius, who founded the Bauhaus in 1919, and thereafter became head of the architecture program at Harvard. Title: Deinstitutionalisation Passage: According to American psychiatrist Loren Mosher, most deinstitutionalisation in the USA took place after 1972, as a result of the availability of SSI and Social Security Disability, long after the antipsychotic drugs were used universally in state hospitals. This period marked the growth in community support funds and community development, including early group homes, the first community mental health apartment programs, drop - in and transitional employment, and sheltered workshops in the community which predated community forms of supportive housing and supported living. Title: Political corruption Passage: Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy. It can be seen as corruption if this means that incompetent persons, as a payment for supporting the regime, are selected before more able ones. In nondemocracies many government officials are often selected for loyalty rather than ability. They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group (for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany) that support the regime in return for such favors. A similar problem can also be seen in Eastern Europe, for example in Romania, where the government is often accused of patronage (when a new government comes to power it rapidly changes most of the officials in the public sector). Title: NHibernate Passage: NHibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) solution for the Microsoft .NET platform. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional relational database. Its purpose is to relieve the developer from a significant portion of relational data persistence-related programming tasks. NHibernate is free as open source software that is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License. NHibernate is a port of Hibernate. Title: History of public relations Passage: Most textbooks date the establishment of the ``Publicity Bureau ''in 1900 as the start of the modern public relations (PR) profession. Of course, there were many early forms of public influence and communications management in history. Basil Clarke is considered the founder of the public relations profession in Britain with his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924. Academic Noel Turnball points out that systematic PR was employed in Britain first by religious evangelicals and Victorian reformers, especially opponents of slavery. In each case the early promoters focused on their particular movement and were not for hire more generally. Title: Blistex, Incorporated Passage: Blistex is an American company that develops, produces, and markets personal care products. It began as a small family company in 1947. Its focus was to develop and market lip care products in the United States. It then became a private company based in Oak Brook, Illinois that primarily manufactures lip balm, lip ointment, and other lip-related products. It also produces anti-itch ointments, moisturizing lotions, the Odor-Eaters footcare product, and other skin care medications. Title: Tucson, Arizona Passage: Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered on the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the second largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. The city of Tucson is also a major hub for the Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route that links the Los Angeles ports with the South/Southeast regions of the country. Title: Employer Identification Number Passage: The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number, is a unique nine - digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification. When the number is used for identification rather than employment tax reporting, it is usually referred to as a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), and when used for the purposes of reporting employment taxes, it is usually referred to as an EIN. These numbers are used for tax administration and must be not used for any other purpose. For example, the EIN should not be used in tax lien auction or sales, lotteries, etc. Title: Man's best friend Passage: ``Man's best friend ''is a common phrase about domestic dogs, referring to their millennia - long history of close relations, loyalty, and companionship with humans. The first recorded use of a related phrase is by Frederick the Great of Prussia. It was likely popularized by its use in a poem by Ogden Nash and has since become a common colloquialism. Title: Mexican Riviera Passage: The Mexican Riviera refers collectively to twenty cities and lagoons lying on the western coast of Mexico. Although there are long distances between these cities, they are often collectively referred to as the "Mexican Riviera" because of their many oceanfront resorts and their popularity among tourists. Cruise ships often visit three or four of these destinations on their longer cruises. In a 2005 interview Stanley McDonald, the founder of Princess Cruises, mentioned: Title: Vic Latino Passage: Vic Latino (born Victor J. Canales in Long Island, New York) is an American radio and television personality of Spanish descent. He is co-founder of JVC Broadcasting which owns radio stations on Long Island and in the state of Florida. Title: Pharmaceutical industry Passage: Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly. Some approved drugs, such as those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient (also referred to as Line-extensions) are much less expensive to develop. Title: Alberico Gentili Passage: Alberico Gentili (January 14, 1552June 19, 1608) was an Italian lawyer, jurist, and a former standing advocate to the Spanish Embassy in London, who served as the Regius professor of civil law at the University of Oxford for 21 years. Recognised as the founder of the science of international law alongside Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius, Gentili is perhaps one of the most influential people in legal education ever to have lived. He is one of the three men referred to as the "Father of international law". Gentili has been the earliest writer on public international law and the first person to split secularism from canon law and Roman Catholic theology. In 1587, he became the first non-English Regius Professor. Title: Collective bargaining Passage: The term ``collective bargaining ''was first used in 1891 by Beatrice Webb, a founder of the field of industrial relations in Britain. It refers to the sort of collective negotiations and agreements that had existed since the rise of trade unions during the 18th century.	[ "Isokon Long Chair", "History of public relations", "Harvard Five" ]
3hop1__161837_66733_33264	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zygmunt Chychła (5 November 1926 in Gdańsk - 26 September 2009 in Hamburg) was a Polish boxer. He won the first post-World War II Olympic gold medal for Poland.", "title": "Zygmunt Chychła" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandre Bilodeau (French pronunciation: (bilɔdo); born September 8, 1987) is a retired Canadian freestyle skier from Montreal, Quebec. Bilodeau currently resides in Rosemère, Quebec. Bilodeau won a gold medal in the men's moguls at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, becoming the first Canadian to win a gold medal at an Olympic Games held in Canada. At the 2014 Winter Olympics, he became the first Olympian in history to defend his gold medal in any freestyle skiing event as well as the first Canadian to defend an individual title since Catriona Le May Doan at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Bilodeau is a three - time FIS World Champion in dual moguls, and is also a two - time Worlds silver medalist in moguls. He was the FIS World Cup champion for the 2008 -- 09 season winning the moguls and overall freestyle skiing title that season. In his final World Cup race, he retired with a win, and in doing so, surpassed Jean - Luc Brassard for the most World Cup medals by a Canadian.", "title": "Alexandre Bilodeau" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States women's national soccer team (USWNT) represents the United States in international women's soccer. The team is the most successful in international women's soccer, winning three Women's World Cup titles (including the first ever Women's World Cup in 1991), four Olympic women's gold medals (including the first ever Olympic Women's soccer tournament in 1996), seven CONCACAF Gold Cup wins, and ten Algarve Cups. It medaled in every single World Cup and Olympic tournament in women's soccer history from 1991 to 2015, before being knocked out in the quarterfinal of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team is governed by United States Soccer Federation and competes in CONCACAF (the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football).", "title": "United States women's national soccer team" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83 - member Indian contingent participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals (bronze at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver at the 2012 Summer Olympics) since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze medal in badminton in Women's singles getting the country's first Olympic medal in badminton. Pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal finish in Women's flyweight category.", "title": "India at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haley Cope (born April 11, 1979), also known by her married name Haley Clark, is an American former competition swimmer, Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder. She won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, eight world championship medals, and held a world record in the 50-meter backstroke.", "title": "Haley Cope" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II broke out in 1939, Bergmann sought to join the South African army, but as he felt his name was too German-sounding (there was significant anti-German feeling as the war loomed, and as the Nazi persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust had not yet happened, this feeling made no distinction between Germans and German Jews), he removed the second \"n\" from his name, adopting the Dutch variation of the surname.", "title": "Walter Bergman" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgan Carl Hamm (born September 24, 1982 in Washburn, Wisconsin) is an American artistic gymnast. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the team competition at the 2004 Olympics and a two-time Olympian (2000, 2004). He also was a member of the silver-medal winning team at the 2003 World Championships. Hamm was named to the 2008 Olympic team, but withdrew from it due to injury.", "title": "Morgan Hamm" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leo J. Powers (April 5, 1909 – July 14, 1967) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Monte Cassino.", "title": "Leo J. Powers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marjorie Gestring (November 18, 1922 -- April 20, 1992) was a competitive springboard diver from the United States. At the age of 13 years and 268 days, she won the gold medal in 3 - meter springboard diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, making her, at the time, the youngest person ever to win an Olympic gold medal. (She remains the second - youngest winner.) A multi-time national diving champion in the United States, she was given a second Olympic gold medal by the United States Olympic Committee after the 1940 Summer Olympics were called off due to the advent of World War II. Gestring attempted to return to the Olympics at the 1948 Games, but failed to qualify for the US team. She has been inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame and the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame.", "title": "Marjorie Gestring" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Athletes from 26 NOCs won at least one medal, and athletes from 19 of these NOCs secured at least one gold. For the first time, Canada won a gold medal at an Olympic Games it hosted, having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In contrast to the lack of gold medals at these previous Olympics, the Canadian team finished first overall in gold medal wins, and became the first host nation -- since Norway in 1952 -- to lead the gold medal count, with 14 medals. In doing so, it also broke the record for the most gold medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics (the previous was 13, set by the Soviet Union in 1976 and matched by Norway in 2002). The United States placed first in total medals -- its second time doing so in a Winter Games -- and set a new record for most medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics, with 37 (the previous record was 36, established by Germany in 2002). Athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations.", "title": "2010 Winter Olympics medal table" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick Robert Powers (born February 13, 1958 in Los Angeles, California) is a former volleyball player from the United States. Powers was a member of the American Men's National Team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Patrick Powers (volleyball)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zeng Qiliang (; born May 10, 1975) is a retired male breaststroke swimmer from PR China. He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Zeng won the silver medal in the men's 100m breaststroke event at the 1998 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia., which is the first medal of Chinese male swimmer in world championships.", "title": "Zeng Qiliang" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P.V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.", "title": "India at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "All Summer and Winter Olympic medals of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire were inherited by Russia, but not combined together with the medal count of the Russian Federation.", "title": "Soviet Union at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ludivine Furnon (born October 4, 1980 in Nîmes) is a retired Olympic athlete from France. She was the first French female gymnast to ever win a medal at the World Gymnastics Championships.", "title": "Ludivine Furnon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas II -- last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland. His rule ended with the Russian Revolution. Nicholas was killed on 17 July 1918.", "title": "Allied leaders of World War I" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cornelia Sirch (born 23 October 1966 in Erfurt, East Germany) is a former backstroke swimmer. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in three events and won two bronze medals in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke and a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m medley relay, in which she swam in a preliminary round. In 1982 she was named Swimming World's European Swimmer of the Year, after winning 200 m backstroke at the World Championships in Guayaguil in a world record time of 2:09.91, becoming the first woman to dip under 2 minutes 10 seconds.", "title": "Cornelia Sirch" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Imre Gedővári (1 July 1951 – 22 May 2014) was a Hungarian fencer and Olympic gold medalist. He won his first World Championship medal, a silver, in 1975 and made his Olympic debut in 1976. He won his first World Championship gold medals in 1978 for team sabre, adding two more in 1981 and 1982. At the 1980 Olympics, he won two bronze medals. At the 1988 Olympics, Gedővári won the decisive match in a come-from-behind gold medal performance for Hungary. He retired from competition after the Olympics as a ten-time national champion. He remained active in sport, working for the Hungarian Fencing Federation and Újpesti TE.", "title": "Imre Gedővári" } ]	What happened after the removal from power of the WWI-era ruler of the country that inherited all Olympic medals of the Soviet Union?	the Russian Provisional Government was established.	[ "Russian Provisional Government" ]	Title: India at the Olympics Passage: The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83 - member Indian contingent participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals (bronze at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver at the 2012 Summer Olympics) since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze medal in badminton in Women's singles getting the country's first Olympic medal in badminton. Pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal finish in Women's flyweight category. Title: 2010 Winter Olympics medal table Passage: Athletes from 26 NOCs won at least one medal, and athletes from 19 of these NOCs secured at least one gold. For the first time, Canada won a gold medal at an Olympic Games it hosted, having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In contrast to the lack of gold medals at these previous Olympics, the Canadian team finished first overall in gold medal wins, and became the first host nation -- since Norway in 1952 -- to lead the gold medal count, with 14 medals. In doing so, it also broke the record for the most gold medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics (the previous was 13, set by the Soviet Union in 1976 and matched by Norway in 2002). The United States placed first in total medals -- its second time doing so in a Winter Games -- and set a new record for most medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics, with 37 (the previous record was 36, established by Germany in 2002). Athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations. Title: Zygmunt Chychła Passage: Zygmunt Chychła (5 November 1926 in Gdańsk - 26 September 2009 in Hamburg) was a Polish boxer. He won the first post-World War II Olympic gold medal for Poland. Title: Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Passage: Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team. Title: Alexandre Bilodeau Passage: Alexandre Bilodeau (French pronunciation: (bilɔdo); born September 8, 1987) is a retired Canadian freestyle skier from Montreal, Quebec. Bilodeau currently resides in Rosemère, Quebec. Bilodeau won a gold medal in the men's moguls at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, becoming the first Canadian to win a gold medal at an Olympic Games held in Canada. At the 2014 Winter Olympics, he became the first Olympian in history to defend his gold medal in any freestyle skiing event as well as the first Canadian to defend an individual title since Catriona Le May Doan at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Bilodeau is a three - time FIS World Champion in dual moguls, and is also a two - time Worlds silver medalist in moguls. He was the FIS World Cup champion for the 2008 -- 09 season winning the moguls and overall freestyle skiing title that season. In his final World Cup race, he retired with a win, and in doing so, surpassed Jean - Luc Brassard for the most World Cup medals by a Canadian. Title: Marjorie Gestring Passage: Marjorie Gestring (November 18, 1922 -- April 20, 1992) was a competitive springboard diver from the United States. At the age of 13 years and 268 days, she won the gold medal in 3 - meter springboard diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, making her, at the time, the youngest person ever to win an Olympic gold medal. (She remains the second - youngest winner.) A multi-time national diving champion in the United States, she was given a second Olympic gold medal by the United States Olympic Committee after the 1940 Summer Olympics were called off due to the advent of World War II. Gestring attempted to return to the Olympics at the 1948 Games, but failed to qualify for the US team. She has been inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame and the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame. Title: Soviet Union at the Olympics Passage: All Summer and Winter Olympic medals of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire were inherited by Russia, but not combined together with the medal count of the Russian Federation. Title: Ludivine Furnon Passage: Ludivine Furnon (born October 4, 1980 in Nîmes) is a retired Olympic athlete from France. She was the first French female gymnast to ever win a medal at the World Gymnastics Championships. Title: Modern history Passage: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire. Title: Walter Bergman Passage: When World War II broke out in 1939, Bergmann sought to join the South African army, but as he felt his name was too German-sounding (there was significant anti-German feeling as the war loomed, and as the Nazi persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust had not yet happened, this feeling made no distinction between Germans and German Jews), he removed the second "n" from his name, adopting the Dutch variation of the surname. Title: India at the Olympics Passage: At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P.V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist. Title: Haley Cope Passage: Haley Cope (born April 11, 1979), also known by her married name Haley Clark, is an American former competition swimmer, Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder. She won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, eight world championship medals, and held a world record in the 50-meter backstroke. Title: Morgan Hamm Passage: Morgan Carl Hamm (born September 24, 1982 in Washburn, Wisconsin) is an American artistic gymnast. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the team competition at the 2004 Olympics and a two-time Olympian (2000, 2004). He also was a member of the silver-medal winning team at the 2003 World Championships. Hamm was named to the 2008 Olympic team, but withdrew from it due to injury. Title: Leo J. Powers Passage: Leo J. Powers (April 5, 1909 – July 14, 1967) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Monte Cassino. Title: Allied leaders of World War I Passage: Nicholas II -- last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland. His rule ended with the Russian Revolution. Nicholas was killed on 17 July 1918. Title: Zeng Qiliang Passage: Zeng Qiliang (; born May 10, 1975) is a retired male breaststroke swimmer from PR China. He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Zeng won the silver medal in the men's 100m breaststroke event at the 1998 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia., which is the first medal of Chinese male swimmer in world championships. Title: Cornelia Sirch Passage: Cornelia Sirch (born 23 October 1966 in Erfurt, East Germany) is a former backstroke swimmer. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in three events and won two bronze medals in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke and a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m medley relay, in which she swam in a preliminary round. In 1982 she was named Swimming World's European Swimmer of the Year, after winning 200 m backstroke at the World Championships in Guayaguil in a world record time of 2:09.91, becoming the first woman to dip under 2 minutes 10 seconds. Title: United States women's national soccer team Passage: The United States women's national soccer team (USWNT) represents the United States in international women's soccer. The team is the most successful in international women's soccer, winning three Women's World Cup titles (including the first ever Women's World Cup in 1991), four Olympic women's gold medals (including the first ever Olympic Women's soccer tournament in 1996), seven CONCACAF Gold Cup wins, and ten Algarve Cups. It medaled in every single World Cup and Olympic tournament in women's soccer history from 1991 to 2015, before being knocked out in the quarterfinal of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team is governed by United States Soccer Federation and competes in CONCACAF (the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football). Title: Patrick Powers (volleyball) Passage: Patrick Robert Powers (born February 13, 1958 in Los Angeles, California) is a former volleyball player from the United States. Powers was a member of the American Men's National Team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Title: Imre Gedővári Passage: Imre Gedővári (1 July 1951 – 22 May 2014) was a Hungarian fencer and Olympic gold medalist. He won his first World Championship medal, a silver, in 1975 and made his Olympic debut in 1976. He won his first World Championship gold medals in 1978 for team sabre, adding two more in 1981 and 1982. At the 1980 Olympics, he won two bronze medals. At the 1988 Olympics, Gedővári won the decisive match in a come-from-behind gold medal performance for Hungary. He retired from competition after the Olympics as a ten-time national champion. He remained active in sport, working for the Hungarian Fencing Federation and Újpesti TE.	[ "Modern history", "Soviet Union at the Olympics", "Allied leaders of World War I" ]
3hop2__128609_51280_242202	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From December 1962 to March 1963, the French government lent it to the United States to be displayed in New York City and Washington, D.C. It was shipped on the new liner SS France. In New York an estimated 1.7 million people queued ``in order to cast a glance at the Mona Lisa for 20 seconds or so. ''While exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the painting was almost drenched in water because of a faulty sprinkler, but the bullet - proof glass case which encased the painting protected it.", "title": "Mona Lisa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Crawford House was a hotel and restaurant in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Located on Court and Brattle Streets in Scollay Square, it was in operation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was for a time among the leading hotels in the city. The building was demolished in 1962 as part of the Government Center project.", "title": "Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Maritime College of Ireland is also located in Cork and is the only college in Ireland in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. CIT also incorporates the Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design as constituent schools. The Cork College of Commerce is the largest post-Leaving Certificate college in Ireland and is also the biggest provider of Vocational Preparation and Training courses in the country.[citation needed] Other 3rd level institutions include Griffith College Cork, a private institution, and various other colleges.", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as \"the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world.\" The \"Mona Lisa\" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 (equivalent to $ million in ).", "title": "Mona Lisa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuba is a city in Crawford County, Missouri, United States. The population was 3,356 at the 2010 census. Cuba is the largest city situated entirely in Crawford County.", "title": "Cuba, Missouri" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary Rockwell (later Hook) graduated from Wellesley College in 1900. According to Hook's autobiography, she decided to become an architect after a 1902 family trip abroad:", "title": "Mary Rockwell Hook" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wellesley Heights is a neighborhood in southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is one of only three rural subdivisions in Fayette County - to protect farmland from development they are now illegal to build. Wellesley Heights is located on the southside of Versailles Road between New Circle Road and Man O War Boulevard. It is completely surrounded by farmland.", "title": "Wellesley Heights, Lexington" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mona Lisa's Revenge is a two-part story of \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" which was broadcast on CBBC on 12 and 13 November 2009. It is the fifth serial of the third series.", "title": "Mona Lisa's Revenge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smaller private schools include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WODS (103.3 MHz) - known on-air as 103.3 AMP Radio - is a commercial FM radio station in Boston, Massachusetts. WODS airs a Top 40 (CHR) radio format, and is owned by Entercom. Its studios and offices are located on Leo M. Birmingham Parkwary in Brighton.", "title": "WODS" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1953, Katherine Ann Watson (Julia Roberts), a 30 - year - old graduate student in the department of Art History at UCLA, takes a position teaching ``History of Art ''at Wellesley College, a conservative women's private liberal arts college in Massachusetts. At her first class, Katherine discovers that her students have already memorized the entire textbook and syllabus, so she uses the classes to introduce them to Modern Art and encourages discussion about topics such as what makes good art. Katherine comes to know her students and seeks to inspire them to achieve more than marriage to eligible young men.", "title": "Mona Lisa Smile" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crawford Plains is a residential neighbourhood located in the Mill Woods area of south Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is a part of the Mill Woods community of Southwood. It was named in 1976 to honour Neil Stanley Crawford, a provincial cabinet minister and former Edmonton alderman, \"in recognition of his public service as a member of the Edmonton Historical Board, Local Board of Health and city council.\"", "title": "Crawford Plains, Edmonton" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shorter House is located at the end of Andrews Road in Thompson Ridge, a hamlet in the Town of Crawford in Orange County, New York, United States. It is a late 18th-century building later modified in the Greek Revival style.", "title": "Shorter House (Crawford, New York)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) is an art museum located within the Moorilla winery on the Berriedale peninsula in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is the largest privately funded museum in the Southern Hemisphere. MONA houses ancient, modern and contemporary art from the David Walsh collection. Noted for its central themes of sex and death, the museum has been described by Walsh as a \"subversive adult Disneyland.\"", "title": "Museum of Old and New Art" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Eaton Cummings (13 July 1855 – 28 December 1906) was an American cryptogamic botanist and Hunnewell Professor of Cryptogamic Botany at Wellesley College in Massachusetts.", "title": "Clara Eaton Cummings" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mona Lisa Italian: La Gioconda, French: La Joconde Artist Leonardo da Vinci Year c. 1503 -- 06, perhaps continuing until c. 1517 Medium Oil on poplar panel Subject Lisa Gherardini 77 cm × 53 cm (30 in × 21 in) Location Musée du Louvre, Paris", "title": "Mona Lisa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was educated with his elder brother John at Wellesley House and Eton College. He was 10 when their father, Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Cobbold, was killed in the Guards Chapel, London, on 19 June 1944 when a flying bomb (V1) hit the Chapel during the Sunday morning service.", "title": "Patrick Cobbold" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strickland graduated from Rhodes College in Memphis (Tennessee) in 1968. She studied English literature and earned a PhD from the University of Michigan in 1973. She taught at various universities during the 1980, such as Rutgers University and the State University of New York in Stony Brook. During a sabbatical in Geneva, Switzerland, she began writing widely on contemporary art. Having returned to the United States, she regularly published articles in The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal, but also for magazines, such as The Nation and Art & Antiques. Her articles are mainly focused on art and architecture. She is also the author of \"The Annotated Mona Lisa\" and \"The Annotated Arch\". \"The Annotated Mona Lisa\" includes articles on art history and architectural history from antiquity to the post-modern period. It has been translated in various languages.", "title": "Carol Strickland" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westminster College is a private liberal arts college located in the Sugar House neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The college comprises four schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the Bill and Vieve Gore School of Business, the School of Education, and the School of Nursing and Health Sciences. It is the only accredited liberal arts college in the state of Utah.", "title": "Westminster College (Utah)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington (Apsley House, 5 April 1846 – 8 June 1900, Strathfieldsaye) was a British peer and Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Lord Charles Wellesley and grandson of the 1st Duke of Wellington.", "title": "Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington" } ]	What is the business category of Crawford House, located in the same city as WODS and the same state as Wellesley College in Mona Lisa Smile?	hotels	[ "Hotel", "hotel" ]	Title: Shorter House (Crawford, New York) Passage: The Shorter House is located at the end of Andrews Road in Thompson Ridge, a hamlet in the Town of Crawford in Orange County, New York, United States. It is a late 18th-century building later modified in the Greek Revival style. Title: Westminster College (Utah) Passage: Westminster College is a private liberal arts college located in the Sugar House neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The college comprises four schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the Bill and Vieve Gore School of Business, the School of Education, and the School of Nursing and Health Sciences. It is the only accredited liberal arts college in the state of Utah. Title: Boston Passage: Smaller private schools include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College. Title: Mona Lisa's Revenge Passage: Mona Lisa's Revenge is a two-part story of "The Sarah Jane Adventures" which was broadcast on CBBC on 12 and 13 November 2009. It is the fifth serial of the third series. Title: Carol Strickland Passage: Strickland graduated from Rhodes College in Memphis (Tennessee) in 1968. She studied English literature and earned a PhD from the University of Michigan in 1973. She taught at various universities during the 1980, such as Rutgers University and the State University of New York in Stony Brook. During a sabbatical in Geneva, Switzerland, she began writing widely on contemporary art. Having returned to the United States, she regularly published articles in The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal, but also for magazines, such as The Nation and Art & Antiques. Her articles are mainly focused on art and architecture. She is also the author of "The Annotated Mona Lisa" and "The Annotated Arch". "The Annotated Mona Lisa" includes articles on art history and architectural history from antiquity to the post-modern period. It has been translated in various languages. Title: Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts) Passage: The Crawford House was a hotel and restaurant in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Located on Court and Brattle Streets in Scollay Square, it was in operation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was for a time among the leading hotels in the city. The building was demolished in 1962 as part of the Government Center project. Title: Mona Lisa Passage: The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world." The "Mona Lisa" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 (equivalent to $ million in ). Title: Museum of Old and New Art Passage: The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) is an art museum located within the Moorilla winery on the Berriedale peninsula in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is the largest privately funded museum in the Southern Hemisphere. MONA houses ancient, modern and contemporary art from the David Walsh collection. Noted for its central themes of sex and death, the museum has been described by Walsh as a "subversive adult Disneyland." Title: Mona Lisa Smile Passage: In 1953, Katherine Ann Watson (Julia Roberts), a 30 - year - old graduate student in the department of Art History at UCLA, takes a position teaching ``History of Art ''at Wellesley College, a conservative women's private liberal arts college in Massachusetts. At her first class, Katherine discovers that her students have already memorized the entire textbook and syllabus, so she uses the classes to introduce them to Modern Art and encourages discussion about topics such as what makes good art. Katherine comes to know her students and seeks to inspire them to achieve more than marriage to eligible young men. Title: Cuba, Missouri Passage: Cuba is a city in Crawford County, Missouri, United States. The population was 3,356 at the 2010 census. Cuba is the largest city situated entirely in Crawford County. Title: Mary Rockwell Hook Passage: Mary Rockwell (later Hook) graduated from Wellesley College in 1900. According to Hook's autobiography, she decided to become an architect after a 1902 family trip abroad: Title: Mona Lisa Passage: Mona Lisa Italian: La Gioconda, French: La Joconde Artist Leonardo da Vinci Year c. 1503 -- 06, perhaps continuing until c. 1517 Medium Oil on poplar panel Subject Lisa Gherardini 77 cm × 53 cm (30 in × 21 in) Location Musée du Louvre, Paris Title: Clara Eaton Cummings Passage: Clara Eaton Cummings (13 July 1855 – 28 December 1906) was an American cryptogamic botanist and Hunnewell Professor of Cryptogamic Botany at Wellesley College in Massachusetts. Title: Mona Lisa Passage: From December 1962 to March 1963, the French government lent it to the United States to be displayed in New York City and Washington, D.C. It was shipped on the new liner SS France. In New York an estimated 1.7 million people queued ``in order to cast a glance at the Mona Lisa for 20 seconds or so. ''While exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the painting was almost drenched in water because of a faulty sprinkler, but the bullet - proof glass case which encased the painting protected it. Title: Crawford Plains, Edmonton Passage: Crawford Plains is a residential neighbourhood located in the Mill Woods area of south Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is a part of the Mill Woods community of Southwood. It was named in 1976 to honour Neil Stanley Crawford, a provincial cabinet minister and former Edmonton alderman, "in recognition of his public service as a member of the Edmonton Historical Board, Local Board of Health and city council." Title: WODS Passage: WODS (103.3 MHz) - known on-air as 103.3 AMP Radio - is a commercial FM radio station in Boston, Massachusetts. WODS airs a Top 40 (CHR) radio format, and is owned by Entercom. Its studios and offices are located on Leo M. Birmingham Parkwary in Brighton. Title: Wellesley Heights, Lexington Passage: Wellesley Heights is a neighborhood in southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is one of only three rural subdivisions in Fayette County - to protect farmland from development they are now illegal to build. Wellesley Heights is located on the southside of Versailles Road between New Circle Road and Man O War Boulevard. It is completely surrounded by farmland. Title: Patrick Cobbold Passage: He was educated with his elder brother John at Wellesley House and Eton College. He was 10 when their father, Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Cobbold, was killed in the Guards Chapel, London, on 19 June 1944 when a flying bomb (V1) hit the Chapel during the Sunday morning service. Title: Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington Passage: Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington (Apsley House, 5 April 1846 – 8 June 1900, Strathfieldsaye) was a British peer and Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Lord Charles Wellesley and grandson of the 1st Duke of Wellington. Title: Cork (city) Passage: The National Maritime College of Ireland is also located in Cork and is the only college in Ireland in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. CIT also incorporates the Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design as constituent schools. The Cork College of Commerce is the largest post-Leaving Certificate college in Ireland and is also the biggest provider of Vocational Preparation and Training courses in the country.[citation needed] Other 3rd level institutions include Griffith College Cork, a private institution, and various other colleges.	[ "Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts)", "WODS", "Mona Lisa Smile" ]
2hop__547977_125776	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Oboe Concerto in C major, K. 314 (271k), was composed in the spring or summer of 1777, for the oboist Giuseppe Ferlendis (1755–1802) from Bergamo. In 1778, Mozart re-worked it as a concerto for flute in D major. The concerto is a widely studied piece for both instruments and is one of the more important concertos in the oboe repertoire.", "title": "Oboe Concerto (Mozart)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth\" is the tenth episode of the sixth season of \"American Dad!\". It aired on January 3, 2010 on Fox and was the first \"American Dad!\" episode to air in 720p high-definition.", "title": "Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johanna Senfter was born and died in Oppenheim. From 1895 she studied composition under Iwan Knorr, violin under Adolf Rebner, piano under Karl Friedberg and organ at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main. This gave her a considerable amount of musical training when in 1908 she became a student of Max Reger in Leipzig. She composed nine symphonies, 26 orchestral works and concertos for piano, violin, viola, and cello. Senfter was a masterful composer of fugue. Altogether she left behind 134 works.", "title": "Johanna Senfter" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concerto, as understood in this modern way, arose in the Baroque period, in parallel to the concerto grosso, which contrasted a small group of instruments called a concertino with the rest of the orchestra, called the ripieno. The popularity of the concerto grosso form declined after the Baroque period, and the genre was not revived until the 20th century. The solo concerto, however, has remained a vital musical force from its inception to this day.", "title": "Concerto" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "City Scape is an orchestral piece composed by Jennifer Higdon in 2002 and commissioned by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. On November 14, 2002, the piece was premiered under the direction of Robert Spano. This piece dedicated to Robert Spano calls for a concerto grosso, in which 35 instruments are used; yet many of these instruments have featured solos that are scattered throughout the piece. The piece lasts a total of 31 minutes.", "title": "City Scape" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edwin Grasse (13 August 1884 – 8 April 1954) was an American violinist, organist and composer. Among his compositions were orchestral works, including a symphony and a violin concerto, and much chamber music, including a string quartet.", "title": "Edwin Grasse" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Piano Concerto/MGV is the 23rd album by Michael Nyman, released in 1994. It contains two compositions, \"The Piano Concerto\" and \"MGV\". The first is performed by Kathryn Stott and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Michael Nyman, and the second is performed by the Michael Nyman Band and Orchestra with Michael Nyman at the piano.", "title": "The Piano Concerto/MGV" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacques Février was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the son of the composer Henry Février. He studied with Édouard Risler and Marguerite Long at the Conservatoire de Paris, taking a \"premier prix\" in 1921. In 1932 he and the composer were the soloists in the first performance of Francis Poulenc's Concerto for two pianos. Although Paul Wittgenstein premiered Maurice Ravel's Concerto for the Left Hand, Février was expressly chosen by the composer to be the first French pianist to perform the work. He made many recordings of the French repertoire, receiving a Grand Prix du Disque of the Charles Cros Academy in 1963 for his recording of Ravel's piano works.", "title": "Jacques Février" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"standard complement\" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included paired flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns and trumpets. Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral \"palette\" in Symphonies 3, 5, 6, and 9 for an innovative effect. The third horn in the \"Eroica\" Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of \"choral\" brass in the Trio. Piccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5. A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver \"storm\" and \"sunshine\" in the Sixth. The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the \"Eroica\" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion—plus chorus and vocal soloists—in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded. For several decades after he died, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven's well-established model, with few exceptions.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Per Mårtensson (born 1967 in Östersund) is a Swedish composer and teacher. He is artistic director and teaches composition at The Gotland School of Music Composition. In 1998 he was given membership in The Society of Swedish Composers. Mårtenssons catalog contains mainly orchestral and chamber music. He has composed music for ensembles such as Norrbotten NEO, Sonanza and Pearls Before Swine Experience. His flute concerto was awarded the Christ Johnson-price prize—the most prestigious composition price in Sweden.", "title": "Per Mårtensson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Grigori Arutiunian (), also known as Arutunian, Arutyunyan, Arutjunjan, Harutyunian or Harutiunian (23 September 1920 – 28 March 2012), was a Soviet and Armenian composer and pianist, widely known for his 1950 trumpet concerto. A professor at Yerevan State Conservatory, he was recognized with many awards for his work, including the Stalin Prize in 1949 and People's Artist of the USSR in 1970, as well as numerous honors from his homeland of Armenia.", "title": "Alexander Arutiunian" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jan Sandström (born 25 January 1954, Vilhelmina, Västerbotten County, Sweden) is a Swedish classical music composer. His compositions include the so-called \"Motorbike Concerto\" for trombone and orchestra and his choral setting of \"Es ist ein Ros entsprungen\".", "title": "Jan Sandström (composer)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alois Reiser (April 6, 1887 - April 4, 1977 in Los Angeles) was an American composer of Czechoslovakian origin. Born in Prague, he came to the United States in 1905. He composed a number of works for orchestra, including two tone poems and two cello concertos; he also wrote chamber music, including string quartets, and the opera \"Gobi\". He also composed music for films.", "title": "Alois Reiser" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katherine Needleman (born May 14, 1978) is the principal oboist of the Baltimore Symphony orchestra, USA. She studied under Richard Woodhams at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, graduating at age twenty. She was the first prize winner of the Gillet-Fox International Oboe Competition of the International Double Reed Society in 2003. Ms. Needleman joined the oboe faculty of the Peabody Conservatory of the Johns Hopkins University in 2005. She is a graduate of the Baltimore School for the Arts. In addition to playing in the Baltimore Symphony, Ms. Needleman is one of the founding members of Mico Nonet as well as Trio La Milpa.", "title": "Katherine Needleman" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wandering of a Little Soul () is a violin concerto by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček. The work is also known in English as \"Pilgrimage of a Little Soul\", \"Pilgrimage of a Dear Soul\" or simply as \"Pilgrimage of the Soul\". Nevertheless, the English title of the complete critical edition is \"The Wandering of a Little Soul\".", "title": "The Wandering of a Little Soul" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disma Fumagalli (born Inzago, 8 September 1826 - died Milan, 9 March 1893) was an Italian composer and teacher of music. He was a graduate of the Milan Conservatory, where he began teaching piano in 1853. He composed more than 300 études for piano, as well as other exercises; he also wrote a concerto for piano and string orchestra.", "title": "Disma Fumagalli" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bach structured the cantata in six movements, first alternating arias and recitative, then uniting the voices in recitative and aria, finally a chorale. The two soloists are supported by an intimate Baroque instrumental ensemble of oboe, strings and continuo. The oboe accompanies the soprano, a solo violin the bass, both play when the voices are united.", "title": "Liebster Jesu, mein Verlangen, BWV 32" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719–1787) and Anna Maria, née Pertl (1720–1778), at 9 Getreidegasse in Salzburg. This was the capital of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastic principality in what is now Austria, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy. His elder sister was Maria Anna Mozart (1751–1829), nicknamed \"Nannerl\". Mozart was baptised the day after his birth, at St. Rupert's Cathedral in Salzburg. The baptismal record gives his name in Latinized form, as \"Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart\". He generally called himself \"Wolfgang Amadè Mozart\" as an adult, but his name had many variants.", "title": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He studied composition at the London College of Music with W. R. Pasfield and Lennox Berkeley. He is often classed as a composer of 'light music'. He wrote in an accessible style, and produced many works suitable for children and amateurs. His better-known compositions include a \"Concerto for Brass Band\" (?1978), a \"Sonatina\" (1979) for guitar, \"Delta Dances\" (1980) for wind band and a \"Divertimento\" for string orchestra.", "title": "Kenneth Platts" } ]	Who was the father of the Oboe Concerto composer?	Leopold Mozart	[]	Title: Edwin Grasse Passage: Edwin Grasse (13 August 1884 – 8 April 1954) was an American violinist, organist and composer. Among his compositions were orchestral works, including a symphony and a violin concerto, and much chamber music, including a string quartet. Title: Liebster Jesu, mein Verlangen, BWV 32 Passage: Bach structured the cantata in six movements, first alternating arias and recitative, then uniting the voices in recitative and aria, finally a chorale. The two soloists are supported by an intimate Baroque instrumental ensemble of oboe, strings and continuo. The oboe accompanies the soprano, a solo violin the bass, both play when the voices are united. Title: Kenneth Platts Passage: He studied composition at the London College of Music with W. R. Pasfield and Lennox Berkeley. He is often classed as a composer of 'light music'. He wrote in an accessible style, and produced many works suitable for children and amateurs. His better-known compositions include a "Concerto for Brass Band" (?1978), a "Sonatina" (1979) for guitar, "Delta Dances" (1980) for wind band and a "Divertimento" for string orchestra. Title: Jan Sandström (composer) Passage: Jan Sandström (born 25 January 1954, Vilhelmina, Västerbotten County, Sweden) is a Swedish classical music composer. His compositions include the so-called "Motorbike Concerto" for trombone and orchestra and his choral setting of "Es ist ein Ros entsprungen". Title: The Piano Concerto/MGV Passage: The Piano Concerto/MGV is the 23rd album by Michael Nyman, released in 1994. It contains two compositions, "The Piano Concerto" and "MGV". The first is performed by Kathryn Stott and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Michael Nyman, and the second is performed by the Michael Nyman Band and Orchestra with Michael Nyman at the piano. Title: Katherine Needleman Passage: Katherine Needleman (born May 14, 1978) is the principal oboist of the Baltimore Symphony orchestra, USA. She studied under Richard Woodhams at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, graduating at age twenty. She was the first prize winner of the Gillet-Fox International Oboe Competition of the International Double Reed Society in 2003. Ms. Needleman joined the oboe faculty of the Peabody Conservatory of the Johns Hopkins University in 2005. She is a graduate of the Baltimore School for the Arts. In addition to playing in the Baltimore Symphony, Ms. Needleman is one of the founding members of Mico Nonet as well as Trio La Milpa. Title: Disma Fumagalli Passage: Disma Fumagalli (born Inzago, 8 September 1826 - died Milan, 9 March 1893) was an Italian composer and teacher of music. He was a graduate of the Milan Conservatory, where he began teaching piano in 1853. He composed more than 300 études for piano, as well as other exercises; he also wrote a concerto for piano and string orchestra. Title: Oboe Concerto (Mozart) Passage: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Oboe Concerto in C major, K. 314 (271k), was composed in the spring or summer of 1777, for the oboist Giuseppe Ferlendis (1755–1802) from Bergamo. In 1778, Mozart re-worked it as a concerto for flute in D major. The concerto is a widely studied piece for both instruments and is one of the more important concertos in the oboe repertoire. Title: Concerto Passage: The concerto, as understood in this modern way, arose in the Baroque period, in parallel to the concerto grosso, which contrasted a small group of instruments called a concertino with the rest of the orchestra, called the ripieno. The popularity of the concerto grosso form declined after the Baroque period, and the genre was not revived until the 20th century. The solo concerto, however, has remained a vital musical force from its inception to this day. Title: City Scape Passage: City Scape is an orchestral piece composed by Jennifer Higdon in 2002 and commissioned by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. On November 14, 2002, the piece was premiered under the direction of Robert Spano. This piece dedicated to Robert Spano calls for a concerto grosso, in which 35 instruments are used; yet many of these instruments have featured solos that are scattered throughout the piece. The piece lasts a total of 31 minutes. Title: Classical music Passage: Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. Title: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Passage: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719–1787) and Anna Maria, née Pertl (1720–1778), at 9 Getreidegasse in Salzburg. This was the capital of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastic principality in what is now Austria, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy. His elder sister was Maria Anna Mozart (1751–1829), nicknamed "Nannerl". Mozart was baptised the day after his birth, at St. Rupert's Cathedral in Salzburg. The baptismal record gives his name in Latinized form, as "Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart". He generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart" as an adult, but his name had many variants. Title: Johanna Senfter Passage: Johanna Senfter was born and died in Oppenheim. From 1895 she studied composition under Iwan Knorr, violin under Adolf Rebner, piano under Karl Friedberg and organ at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main. This gave her a considerable amount of musical training when in 1908 she became a student of Max Reger in Leipzig. She composed nine symphonies, 26 orchestral works and concertos for piano, violin, viola, and cello. Senfter was a masterful composer of fugue. Altogether she left behind 134 works. Title: Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth Passage: "Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth" is the tenth episode of the sixth season of "American Dad!". It aired on January 3, 2010 on Fox and was the first "American Dad!" episode to air in 720p high-definition. Title: Alexander Arutiunian Passage: Alexander Grigori Arutiunian (), also known as Arutunian, Arutyunyan, Arutjunjan, Harutyunian or Harutiunian (23 September 1920 – 28 March 2012), was a Soviet and Armenian composer and pianist, widely known for his 1950 trumpet concerto. A professor at Yerevan State Conservatory, he was recognized with many awards for his work, including the Stalin Prize in 1949 and People's Artist of the USSR in 1970, as well as numerous honors from his homeland of Armenia. Title: Jacques Février Passage: Jacques Février was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the son of the composer Henry Février. He studied with Édouard Risler and Marguerite Long at the Conservatoire de Paris, taking a "premier prix" in 1921. In 1932 he and the composer were the soloists in the first performance of Francis Poulenc's Concerto for two pianos. Although Paul Wittgenstein premiered Maurice Ravel's Concerto for the Left Hand, Février was expressly chosen by the composer to be the first French pianist to perform the work. He made many recordings of the French repertoire, receiving a Grand Prix du Disque of the Charles Cros Academy in 1963 for his recording of Ravel's piano works. Title: The Wandering of a Little Soul Passage: The Wandering of a Little Soul () is a violin concerto by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček. The work is also known in English as "Pilgrimage of a Little Soul", "Pilgrimage of a Dear Soul" or simply as "Pilgrimage of the Soul". Nevertheless, the English title of the complete critical edition is "The Wandering of a Little Soul". Title: Alois Reiser Passage: Alois Reiser (April 6, 1887 - April 4, 1977 in Los Angeles) was an American composer of Czechoslovakian origin. Born in Prague, he came to the United States in 1905. He composed a number of works for orchestra, including two tone poems and two cello concertos; he also wrote chamber music, including string quartets, and the opera "Gobi". He also composed music for films. Title: Per Mårtensson Passage: Per Mårtensson (born 1967 in Östersund) is a Swedish composer and teacher. He is artistic director and teaches composition at The Gotland School of Music Composition. In 1998 he was given membership in The Society of Swedish Composers. Mårtenssons catalog contains mainly orchestral and chamber music. He has composed music for ensembles such as Norrbotten NEO, Sonanza and Pearls Before Swine Experience. His flute concerto was awarded the Christ Johnson-price prize—the most prestigious composition price in Sweden. Title: Classical music Passage: The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included paired flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns and trumpets. Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral "palette" in Symphonies 3, 5, 6, and 9 for an innovative effect. The third horn in the "Eroica" Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of "choral" brass in the Trio. Piccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5. A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver "storm" and "sunshine" in the Sixth. The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the "Eroica" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion—plus chorus and vocal soloists—in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded. For several decades after he died, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven's well-established model, with few exceptions.	[ "Oboe Concerto (Mozart)", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" ]
2hop__260266_61424	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beaver Crossing is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87, located on Highway 28 where it crosses the Beaver River, approximately south of Cold Lake. Near here was Cold Lake House built by the Montreal traders in 1781.", "title": "Beaver Crossing, Alberta" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sesan District is a district located in Stung Treng Province, in north-east Cambodia. According to the 1998 census of Cambodia, it had a population of 11,252.", "title": "Sesan District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.", "title": "Nuclear arms race" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Sauvy (31 October 1898 – 30 October 1990) was a demographer, anthropologist and historian of the French economy. Sauvy coined the term Third World (\"Tiers Monde\") in reference to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War. In an article published in the French magazine, \"L'Observateur\" on August 14, 1952, Sauvy said:", "title": "Alfred Sauvy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on Comecon countries. CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the then-current control list of embargoed goods was retained by the member nations until the successor, the Wassenaar Arrangement, was established.", "title": "Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran.", "title": "Soviet–Afghan War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.", "title": "Soviet Union–United States relations" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.", "title": "Canadian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cold Harbor is an unincorporated community in Hanover County, Virginia. The Battle of Cold Harbor was fought in the area in 1864, during the American Civil War.", "title": "Cold Harbor, Virginia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides almost pushed to the brink of extinction, and massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line. No peace treaty was ever signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. Over 1.2 million people died during the Korean War.", "title": "South Korea" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 28th Rifle Division was a rifle division in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War, World War II and the Cold War.", "title": "28th Rifle Division" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bank Bay is an unincorporated area in central Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87. It is located on the bank of the Cold Lake Provincial Park.", "title": "Bank Bay, Alberta" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA). Allies during World War II, the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Central and Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually an ``Iron Curtain ''. Europe was divided into a US - led Western Bloc and a Soviet - led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a`` hot'' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mackintosh Man is a 1973 British-American Cold War spy thriller film, directed by John Huston and starring Paul Newman, Dominique Sanda and James Mason.", "title": "The Mackintosh Man" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug - of - war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 19 UN member states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (175) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One - China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.", "title": "Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cambodian Civil War Part of the Vietnam War, the Indochina Wars, and the Cold War US tanks entering a town in Cambodia in 1970. Date 17 January 1968 -- 17 April 1975 (5 years and 3 months) Location Cambodia Result Khmer Rouge victory Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia Creation, then collapse, of the Khmer Republic Establishment of Democratic Kampuchea Beginning of the Cambodian genocide Belligerents Kingdom of Cambodia (1967 -- 1970) Khmer Republic (1970 -- 1975) United States South Vietnam Other Support Australia Canada France India Thailand Japan Malaysia Singapore Royal United National Government of Kampuchea ∟ National United Front of Kampuchea ∟ Khmer Rouge ∟ Khmer Rumdo North Vietnam Việt Cộng Other Support China Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Commanders and leaders Lon Nol Sisowath Sirik Matak Long Boret Richard Nixon Pol Pot Khieu Samphan Ieng Sary Nuon Chea Son Sen Norodom Sihanouk Strength 30,000 (1968) 35,000 (1970) 100,000 (1972) 200,000 (1973) 50,000 (1974) 4,000 (1970) 70,000 (1972) 40,000 -- 60,000 (1975) Casualties and losses 275,000 -- 310,000 killed", "title": "Cambodian Civil War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as ``going to the brink ''in an interview with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles under the Eisenhower administration, during the Cold War. In an article written in Life Magazine, John Foster Dulles then defined his policy of brinkmanship as`` The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.'' During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to coerce the Soviet Union into backing down militarily. Eventually, the threats involved might become so huge as to be unmanageable at which point both sides are likely to back down. This was the case during the Cold War; the escalation of threats of nuclear war, if carried out, are likely to lead to mutually assured destruction.", "title": "Brinkmanship" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The western Allies' decision to leave eastern Germany and the city of Berlin to the Red Army -- honoring the agreement they made with the Soviet Union at Yalta -- eventually had serious repercussions as the Cold War emerged and expanded in the post-war era.", "title": "Race to Berlin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Then the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme.", "title": "First Indochina War" } ]	What happened in the country where Sesan District is located during the Cold War?	Cambodian Civil War	[]	Title: South Korea Passage: On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides almost pushed to the brink of extinction, and massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line. No peace treaty was ever signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. Over 1.2 million people died during the Korean War. Title: Nuclear arms race Passage: The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers. Title: Bank Bay, Alberta Passage: Bank Bay is an unincorporated area in central Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87. It is located on the bank of the Cold Lake Provincial Park. Title: Sesan District Passage: Sesan District is a district located in Stung Treng Province, in north-east Cambodia. According to the 1998 census of Cambodia, it had a population of 11,252. Title: Beaver Crossing, Alberta Passage: Beaver Crossing is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87, located on Highway 28 where it crosses the Beaver River, approximately south of Cold Lake. Near here was Cold Lake House built by the Montreal traders in 1781. Title: Canadian Armed Forces Passage: Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Title: Alfred Sauvy Passage: Alfred Sauvy (31 October 1898 – 30 October 1990) was a demographer, anthropologist and historian of the French economy. Sauvy coined the term Third World ("Tiers Monde") in reference to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War. In an article published in the French magazine, "L'Observateur" on August 14, 1952, Sauvy said: Title: Cambodian Civil War Passage: Cambodian Civil War Part of the Vietnam War, the Indochina Wars, and the Cold War US tanks entering a town in Cambodia in 1970. Date 17 January 1968 -- 17 April 1975 (5 years and 3 months) Location Cambodia Result Khmer Rouge victory Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia Creation, then collapse, of the Khmer Republic Establishment of Democratic Kampuchea Beginning of the Cambodian genocide Belligerents Kingdom of Cambodia (1967 -- 1970) Khmer Republic (1970 -- 1975) United States South Vietnam Other Support Australia Canada France India Thailand Japan Malaysia Singapore Royal United National Government of Kampuchea ∟ National United Front of Kampuchea ∟ Khmer Rouge ∟ Khmer Rumdo North Vietnam Việt Cộng Other Support China Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Commanders and leaders Lon Nol Sisowath Sirik Matak Long Boret Richard Nixon Pol Pot Khieu Samphan Ieng Sary Nuon Chea Son Sen Norodom Sihanouk Strength 30,000 (1968) 35,000 (1970) 100,000 (1972) 200,000 (1973) 50,000 (1974) 4,000 (1970) 70,000 (1972) 40,000 -- 60,000 (1975) Casualties and losses 275,000 -- 310,000 killed Title: Soviet–Afghan War Passage: The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran. Title: First Indochina War Passage: Then the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme. Title: 28th Rifle Division Passage: The 28th Rifle Division was a rifle division in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War, World War II and the Cold War. Title: Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls Passage: The Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on Comecon countries. CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the then-current control list of embargoed goods was retained by the member nations until the successor, the Wassenaar Arrangement, was established. Title: Brinkmanship Passage: Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as ``going to the brink ''in an interview with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles under the Eisenhower administration, during the Cold War. In an article written in Life Magazine, John Foster Dulles then defined his policy of brinkmanship as`` The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.'' During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to coerce the Soviet Union into backing down militarily. Eventually, the threats involved might become so huge as to be unmanageable at which point both sides are likely to back down. This was the case during the Cold War; the escalation of threats of nuclear war, if carried out, are likely to lead to mutually assured destruction. Title: Soviet Union–United States relations Passage: The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente. Title: The Mackintosh Man Passage: The Mackintosh Man is a 1973 British-American Cold War spy thriller film, directed by John Huston and starring Paul Newman, Dominique Sanda and James Mason. Title: Race to Berlin Passage: The western Allies' decision to leave eastern Germany and the city of Berlin to the Red Army -- honoring the agreement they made with the Soviet Union at Yalta -- eventually had serious repercussions as the Cold War emerged and expanded in the post-war era. Title: Cold Harbor, Virginia Passage: Cold Harbor is an unincorporated community in Hanover County, Virginia. The Battle of Cold Harbor was fought in the area in 1864, during the American Civil War. Title: Aftermath of World War II Passage: The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA). Allies during World War II, the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Central and Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually an ``Iron Curtain ''. Europe was divided into a US - led Western Bloc and a Soviet - led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a`` hot'' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff. Title: Modern history Passage: The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility. Title: Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China Passage: Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug - of - war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 19 UN member states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (175) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One - China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.	[ "Sesan District", "Cambodian Civil War" ]
2hop__858183_61952	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.", "title": "History of human rights" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur (English: \"The Johur of the Queen Padmini of Chittod\") is an Indian historical drama television series that aired on Sony Entertainment Television, based on the life of Rani Padmini, the famous 14th-century queen of Chittod, Mewar, Rajasthan. The drama premiered on 25 May 2009 with Sony TV's \"new look\" along with many other shows. The series is produced by National Award (India) winning director, Nitin Chandrakant Desai, who spent millions of rupees to create the \"right look\" for the drama.", "title": "Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Comes Courage is a 1943 American war film, the final film directed by Dorothy Arzner, one of the few female directors in Hollywood at the time. The film was based on the 1943 novel \"Commandos\" by Elliott Arnold, adapted by George Sklar, with a screenplay by Melvin Levy and Lewis Meltzer. It stars Merle Oberon and Brian Aherne.", "title": "First Comes Courage" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Girlhood (, \"Gang of Girls\") is a 2014 French drama film directed by Céline Sciamma, starring Karidja Touré. It is a coming of age film that focuses on the life of Marieme (Karidja Touré), a girl who lives in a rough neighborhood on the outskirts of Paris The film discusses and challenges conceptions of race, gender and class; Sciamma's goal was to capture the stories of black teenagers, characters she claims are generally underdeveloped in French films. It was screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It received four nominations at the 40th César Awards, including Best Director for Céline Sciamma and Most Promising Actress for Karidja Touré.", "title": "Girlhood (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Warwick Ashley Davis (born 3 February 1970) is an English actor, television presenter, writer, director and producer. He played the title characters in Willow and the Leprechaun film series, the Ewok Wicket in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi and Professor Filius Flitwick and Griphook in the Harry Potter films. Davis also starred as a fictionalised version of himself in the sitcom Life's Too Short, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant.", "title": "Warwick Davis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patent Bending is a Canadian reality television series that premiered August 22, 2006, on the Discovery Channel. The series is based on building some of the weird, fantastical ideas inventors have patented over the last century. Once physically realised, the flaws in these ideas tend to be humorously obvious and explain the ideas' lack of commercial success. The team then tries to come up with an improved version, thus the \"bending\" part of the title, meeting with varying results.", "title": "Patent Bending" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Look at Life is a short student film by George Lucas, produced for a course in animation while Lucas was a film student at USC Film School. The film's running time of exactly one minute was required by the course. This was the first film made by George Lucas, and was heavily influenced by Canadian filmmaker Arthur Lipsett.", "title": "Look at Life (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Howell Howard (April 8, 1913 – March 18, 1995) was a general in the United States Air Force and the only fighter pilot in the European Theater of Operations in World War II to receive the Medal of Honor — the United States military's highest decoration. CBS commentator Andy Rooney, then a wartime reporter for \"Stars and Stripes\", called Howard's exploits \"the greatest fighter pilot story of World War II\". In later life, Howard was a successful businessman, author, and airport director.", "title": "James H. Howard" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1971, Lucas signed a contract with Universal Studios to direct two films. He intended one of them to be a space opera; however, knowing film studios were skeptical about the genre, Lucas decided to direct his other idea first, American Graffiti, a coming - of - age story set in the 1960s. In 1973, Lucas started work on his second film's script draft of The Journal of the Whills, a space opera telling the tale of the training of apprentice CJ Thorpe as a ``Jedi - Bendu ''space commando by the legendary Mace Windy. After Universal rejected the film, 20th Century Fox decided to invest in it. On April 17, 1973, Lucas felt frustrated about his story being too difficult to understand, so he began writing a 13 - page script with thematic parallels to Akira Kurosawa's The Hidden Fortress; this draft was renamed The Star Wars. By 1974, he had expanded the script into a rough draft screenplay, adding elements such as the Sith, the Death Star, and a protagonist named Annikin Starkiller. Numerous subsequent drafts evolved into the script of the original film.", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another Wild Idea is a 1934 American Pre-Code short comedy science fiction film starring Charley Chase, who was also the film's director. This short comedy movie focuses on a Ray Gun which releases all of a persons inhibitions.", "title": "Another Wild Idea" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Private Peaceful is a novel for older children by Michael Morpurgo, first published in 2003. Although this novel is for older children, it is also regarded as a great book for young adults. It is about a soldier called Thomas \"Tommo\" Peaceful, who is looking back on his life from the trenches of World War I in France. Structurally, each chapter of the book brings the reader closer to the present until the story turns to present tense. The story especially underlines the senselessness of war and ineptitude of the commanding officer.", "title": "Private Peaceful" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phil Harris as Baloo, a sloth bear who leads a carefree life and believes in letting the good things in life come by themselves.", "title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Wahlberg and Stephen Levinson served as the show's executive producers, and its premise is loosely based on Wahlberg's experiences as an up - and - coming film star. The series deals with themes of male friendship and real - life situations in modern - day Hollywood. The show is known for its array of famous guests, having featured several actors, athletes, and other celebrities in guest star and cameo roles, often playing fictionalized versions of themselves.", "title": "Entourage (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Coming Out Day (NCOD) is an annual LGBT awareness day observed on October 11. Founded in the United States in 1988, the initial idea was grounded in the feminist and gay liberation spirit of the personal being political, and the emphasis on the most basic form of activism being coming out to family, friends and colleagues, and living life as an openly lesbian or gay person. The foundational belief is that homophobia thrives in an atmosphere of silence and ignorance, and that once people know that they have loved ones who are lesbian or gay, they are far less likely to maintain homophobic or oppressive views.", "title": "National Coming Out Day" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Life's Whirlpool is a 1917 American silent drama film written and directed by Lionel Barrymore with his sister Ethel Barrymore as the star. This is the brother and sister's only collaboration on a silent film as director and star.", "title": "Life's Whirlpool" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Always Look on the Bright Side of Life ''is a comedy song written by Monty Python member Eric Idle that was first featured in the film Monty Python's Life of Brian and has gone on to become a common singalong at public events such as football matches as well as funerals.", "title": "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Purani Jeans () is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age drama film directed by Tanushri Chattrji Bassu. The film stars Tanuj Virwani, Aditya Seal and Izabelle Leite. It tells the story of young boy who returns to his hometown and reconnects with his old friends. The soundtrack was composed by Ram Sampath. The first look of the film was revealed on 8 March 2014, ahead of film's release on 2 May 2014.", "title": "Purani Jeans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation with the division Lucasfilm Animation Singapore, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series debuted on the US version of Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional Star Wars galaxy during the three years between the prequel films Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series Star Wars: Clone Wars. Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half - hour time slot. In 2007, Star Wars creator George Lucas stated ``there will be at least 100 episodes produced (about five seasons) ''. Dave Filoni is the supervising director of the series. Genndy Tartakovsky, director of the first Clone Wars series, was not involved with the production, but character designer Kilian Plunkett referred to the character designs from the 2D series when designing the characters for the 3D series. There is also an online comic, depicting story - snippets between the single episodes.", "title": "Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Adolescent () is a French drama film directed by Jeanne Moreau in 1978, released January 1979. It was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival. Set deep in the French countryside just before the start of World War II, it shows the often idyllic life of a remote village in the mountainous Auvergne where a family from Paris have come to spend a holiday with relations, an occasion which marks a coming-of-age for their daughter Marie, the adolescent of the title.", "title": "The Adolescent (film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The idea that matter is made up of discrete units is a very old idea, appearing in many ancient cultures such as Greece and India. The word ``atom ''was coined by ancient Greek philosophers. However, these ideas were founded in philosophical and theological reasoning rather than evidence and experimentation. As a result, their views on what atoms look like and how they behave were incorrect. They also could not convince everybody, so atomism was but one of a number of competing theories on the nature of matter. It was not until the 19th century that the idea was embraced and refined by scientists, when the blossoming science of chemistry produced discoveries that only the concept of atoms could explain.", "title": "Atom" } ]	When did the director of Look at Life come up with the idea of Star Wars?	1973	[]	Title: History of human rights Passage: While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Title: Another Wild Idea Passage: Another Wild Idea is a 1934 American Pre-Code short comedy science fiction film starring Charley Chase, who was also the film's director. This short comedy movie focuses on a Ray Gun which releases all of a persons inhibitions. Title: The Jungle Book (1967 film) Passage: Phil Harris as Baloo, a sloth bear who leads a carefree life and believes in letting the good things in life come by themselves. Title: Life's Whirlpool Passage: Life's Whirlpool is a 1917 American silent drama film written and directed by Lionel Barrymore with his sister Ethel Barrymore as the star. This is the brother and sister's only collaboration on a silent film as director and star. Title: Girlhood (film) Passage: Girlhood (, "Gang of Girls") is a 2014 French drama film directed by Céline Sciamma, starring Karidja Touré. It is a coming of age film that focuses on the life of Marieme (Karidja Touré), a girl who lives in a rough neighborhood on the outskirts of Paris The film discusses and challenges conceptions of race, gender and class; Sciamma's goal was to capture the stories of black teenagers, characters she claims are generally underdeveloped in French films. It was screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It received four nominations at the 40th César Awards, including Best Director for Céline Sciamma and Most Promising Actress for Karidja Touré. Title: The Adolescent (film) Passage: The Adolescent () is a French drama film directed by Jeanne Moreau in 1978, released January 1979. It was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival. Set deep in the French countryside just before the start of World War II, it shows the often idyllic life of a remote village in the mountainous Auvergne where a family from Paris have come to spend a holiday with relations, an occasion which marks a coming-of-age for their daughter Marie, the adolescent of the title. Title: Entourage (American TV series) Passage: Mark Wahlberg and Stephen Levinson served as the show's executive producers, and its premise is loosely based on Wahlberg's experiences as an up - and - coming film star. The series deals with themes of male friendship and real - life situations in modern - day Hollywood. The show is known for its array of famous guests, having featured several actors, athletes, and other celebrities in guest star and cameo roles, often playing fictionalized versions of themselves. Title: National Coming Out Day Passage: National Coming Out Day (NCOD) is an annual LGBT awareness day observed on October 11. Founded in the United States in 1988, the initial idea was grounded in the feminist and gay liberation spirit of the personal being political, and the emphasis on the most basic form of activism being coming out to family, friends and colleagues, and living life as an openly lesbian or gay person. The foundational belief is that homophobia thrives in an atmosphere of silence and ignorance, and that once people know that they have loved ones who are lesbian or gay, they are far less likely to maintain homophobic or oppressive views. Title: Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur Passage: Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur (English: "The Johur of the Queen Padmini of Chittod") is an Indian historical drama television series that aired on Sony Entertainment Television, based on the life of Rani Padmini, the famous 14th-century queen of Chittod, Mewar, Rajasthan. The drama premiered on 25 May 2009 with Sony TV's "new look" along with many other shows. The series is produced by National Award (India) winning director, Nitin Chandrakant Desai, who spent millions of rupees to create the "right look" for the drama. Title: Purani Jeans Passage: Purani Jeans () is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age drama film directed by Tanushri Chattrji Bassu. The film stars Tanuj Virwani, Aditya Seal and Izabelle Leite. It tells the story of young boy who returns to his hometown and reconnects with his old friends. The soundtrack was composed by Ram Sampath. The first look of the film was revealed on 8 March 2014, ahead of film's release on 2 May 2014. Title: Look at Life (film) Passage: Look at Life is a short student film by George Lucas, produced for a course in animation while Lucas was a film student at USC Film School. The film's running time of exactly one minute was required by the course. This was the first film made by George Lucas, and was heavily influenced by Canadian filmmaker Arthur Lipsett. Title: Atom Passage: The idea that matter is made up of discrete units is a very old idea, appearing in many ancient cultures such as Greece and India. The word ``atom ''was coined by ancient Greek philosophers. However, these ideas were founded in philosophical and theological reasoning rather than evidence and experimentation. As a result, their views on what atoms look like and how they behave were incorrect. They also could not convince everybody, so atomism was but one of a number of competing theories on the nature of matter. It was not until the 19th century that the idea was embraced and refined by scientists, when the blossoming science of chemistry produced discoveries that only the concept of atoms could explain. Title: Private Peaceful Passage: Private Peaceful is a novel for older children by Michael Morpurgo, first published in 2003. Although this novel is for older children, it is also regarded as a great book for young adults. It is about a soldier called Thomas "Tommo" Peaceful, who is looking back on his life from the trenches of World War I in France. Structurally, each chapter of the book brings the reader closer to the present until the story turns to present tense. The story especially underlines the senselessness of war and ineptitude of the commanding officer. Title: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series) Passage: Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation with the division Lucasfilm Animation Singapore, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series debuted on the US version of Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional Star Wars galaxy during the three years between the prequel films Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series Star Wars: Clone Wars. Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half - hour time slot. In 2007, Star Wars creator George Lucas stated ``there will be at least 100 episodes produced (about five seasons) ''. Dave Filoni is the supervising director of the series. Genndy Tartakovsky, director of the first Clone Wars series, was not involved with the production, but character designer Kilian Plunkett referred to the character designs from the 2D series when designing the characters for the 3D series. There is also an online comic, depicting story - snippets between the single episodes. Title: James H. Howard Passage: James Howell Howard (April 8, 1913 – March 18, 1995) was a general in the United States Air Force and the only fighter pilot in the European Theater of Operations in World War II to receive the Medal of Honor — the United States military's highest decoration. CBS commentator Andy Rooney, then a wartime reporter for "Stars and Stripes", called Howard's exploits "the greatest fighter pilot story of World War II". In later life, Howard was a successful businessman, author, and airport director. Title: Patent Bending Passage: Patent Bending is a Canadian reality television series that premiered August 22, 2006, on the Discovery Channel. The series is based on building some of the weird, fantastical ideas inventors have patented over the last century. Once physically realised, the flaws in these ideas tend to be humorously obvious and explain the ideas' lack of commercial success. The team then tries to come up with an improved version, thus the "bending" part of the title, meeting with varying results. Title: Always Look on the Bright Side of Life Passage: ``Always Look on the Bright Side of Life ''is a comedy song written by Monty Python member Eric Idle that was first featured in the film Monty Python's Life of Brian and has gone on to become a common singalong at public events such as football matches as well as funerals. Title: Star Wars Passage: In 1971, Lucas signed a contract with Universal Studios to direct two films. He intended one of them to be a space opera; however, knowing film studios were skeptical about the genre, Lucas decided to direct his other idea first, American Graffiti, a coming - of - age story set in the 1960s. In 1973, Lucas started work on his second film's script draft of The Journal of the Whills, a space opera telling the tale of the training of apprentice CJ Thorpe as a ``Jedi - Bendu ''space commando by the legendary Mace Windy. After Universal rejected the film, 20th Century Fox decided to invest in it. On April 17, 1973, Lucas felt frustrated about his story being too difficult to understand, so he began writing a 13 - page script with thematic parallels to Akira Kurosawa's The Hidden Fortress; this draft was renamed The Star Wars. By 1974, he had expanded the script into a rough draft screenplay, adding elements such as the Sith, the Death Star, and a protagonist named Annikin Starkiller. Numerous subsequent drafts evolved into the script of the original film. Title: First Comes Courage Passage: First Comes Courage is a 1943 American war film, the final film directed by Dorothy Arzner, one of the few female directors in Hollywood at the time. The film was based on the 1943 novel "Commandos" by Elliott Arnold, adapted by George Sklar, with a screenplay by Melvin Levy and Lewis Meltzer. It stars Merle Oberon and Brian Aherne. Title: Warwick Davis Passage: Warwick Ashley Davis (born 3 February 1970) is an English actor, television presenter, writer, director and producer. He played the title characters in Willow and the Leprechaun film series, the Ewok Wicket in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi and Professor Filius Flitwick and Griphook in the Harry Potter films. Davis also starred as a fictionalised version of himself in the sitcom Life's Too Short, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant.	[ "Look at Life (film)", "Star Wars" ]
2hop__88847_61033	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Derek Shepherd Grey's Anatomy character Patrick Dempsey as Derek Shepherd in 2012 First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)'' (11.25) May 14, 2015 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Patrick Dempsey Information Full name Derek Christopher Shepherd Nickname (s) McDreamy Occupation Attending neurosurgeon Member of the Board (former) Chief of Surgery (former) Head of Neurosurgery (former) Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Mr. Shepherd (father, deceased) Carolyn Maloney Shepherd (mother) Nancy Shepherd (sister) Kathleen ``Kate ''Shepherd (sister) Elizabeth`` Lizzie'' Shepherd (sister) Amelia Shepherd (sister) 9 unnamed nieces 6 unnamed nephews (one deceased) Spouse (s) Addison Montgomery (m. 1994; div. 2006) Meredith Grey (m. 2009 -- 2015) Significant other (s) Rose Children Zola Shepherd (daughter) Derek Bailey Shepherd (son) Ellis Shepherd (daughter) (with Meredith) certifications M.D. F.A.C.S", "title": "Derek Shepherd" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4) DVD cover art for the fourth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Katherine Heigl Justin Chambers T.R. Knight Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Eric Dane Chyler Leigh Brooke Smith Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 17 Release Original network ABC Original release September 27, 2007 (2007 - 09 - 27) -- May 22, 2008 (2008 - 05 - 22) Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 Next → Season 5 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amelia Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama Private Practice, and the spinoff series' progenitor show, Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister - in - law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After Private Practice ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy, before becoming a series regular in season eleven.", "title": "Amelia Shepherd" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Derek Christopher Shepherd, M.D., also referred to as ``McDreamy '', is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by actor Patrick Dempsey. He made his first appearance during`` A Hard Day's Night'', which was broadcast on March 27, 2005. Derek was married to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) for 12 years, before their divorce in 2006. Before his death in 2015, Derek was happily married to his longtime girlfriend Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). The couple are often referred to as ``Mer & Der ''and they have three children together. Shepherd was formerly the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, but abruptly resigned as chief in season 7 following the shooting. For his portrayal of Shepherd, Dempsey was nominated in 2006 and 2007 Golden Globe for the Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series Drama for the role, and the 2006 SAG Award for the Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Drama Series award.", "title": "Derek Shepherd" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode ``I Must Have Lost it on the Wind ''and concluded with the season finale`` You're My Home'' airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season -- Life Changes on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In season 11, Derek is involved in a fatal car accident while driving to the airport for his final trip to Washington. He is able to hear and process auditory input, but unable to speak. He is recognized by Winnie, one of the victims of a crash he assisted in earlier, who tells the surgeons that their patient's name is Derek and that he is a surgeon as well. The hospital he was taken to was understaffed and his head injury was not detected quickly enough by the interns on duty that night. Although the neurosurgeon on call is paged multiple times, he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother.", "title": "Derek Shepherd" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amelia Frances Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama \"Private Practice\", and the spinoff series' progenitor show, \"Grey's Anatomy\", portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister-in-law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After \"Private Practice\" ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of \"Grey's Anatomy\", before becoming a series regular in season eleven.", "title": "Amelia Shepherd" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marika Domińczyk (/ doʊˈmiːntʃɪk / doh - MEEN - chik) is a Polish - American actress who became best known in the United States for her role as Dr. Eliza Minnick on Grey's Anatomy, which she originated in its thirteenth season.", "title": "Marika Domińczyk" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional character from ABC's medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, the character was introduced in season two as Dr. Derek Shepherd's best friend who acted as the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Dr. Addison Montgomery. Soon after moving to Seattle Grace Hospital as an attending specializing in plastic surgery to reconcile with Derek, Mark earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns. Mark's focal storyline in the series involved his romantic relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey. Both he and Lexie sustained life - threatening injuries after an aviation accident in the eighth season finale, which resulted in their deaths. Seattle Grace is later renamed Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital in their memory.", "title": "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 Next → Season 15 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Didn't We Almost Have It All?\" is the third season finale and the 61st overall episode from the medical drama series, \"Grey's Anatomy\". The episode runs for 53:05 minutes, making it the longest episode of the series, excluding two-part episodes.", "title": "Didn't We Almost Have It All?" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Story ''is a song released as a single by American folk rock singer Brandi Carlile, written by Phil Hanseroth, from her 2007 album The Story. It was featured in Grey's Anatomy in 2007 and is on Grey's Anatomy Soundtrack album 3 (released September 11).", "title": "The Story (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 10) DVD cover art for the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Camilla Luddington Gaius Charles Jerrika Hinton Tessa Ferrer Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 26, 2013 (2013 - 09 - 26) -- May 15, 2014 (2014 - 05 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 9 Next → Season 11 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 10)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty - four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season five had thirteen series regulars with twelve of them returning from the previous season. The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9: 00 pm. The season was officially released on DVD as seven - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Fifth Season -- More Moments on September 9, 2009 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 5)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 22, 2011, with a special two - hour episode and ended on May 17, 2012 with the eighth season having a total of 24 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, and overseen by showrunner Shonda Rhimes.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 8)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maggie Pierce Grey's Anatomy character The season thirteen promotional photograph of Kelly McCreary as Dr. Maggie Pierce First appearance ``Everything I Try to Do, Nothing Seems to Turn Out Right ''(10.23) May 8, 2014 (as guest star)`` All I Could Do Was Cry'' (11.11) February 12, 2015 (as series regular) Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Kelly McCreary Information Gender Female Occupation Attending cardiothoracic surgeon at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital Title Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Diane Pierce (adoptive mother, deceased) Bill Pierce (adoptive father) Ellis Grey (biological mother, deceased) Richard Webber (biological father) Meredith Grey (maternal half - sister) Significant other (s) Dean (ex-fiancé) Ethan Boyd (ex-boyfriend) Andrew DeLuca (ex-boyfriend) Jackson Avery (boyfriend) Relatives Derek Shepherd (brother - in - law, deceased) Zola Grey Shepherd (niece) Bailey Shepherd (nephew) Ellis Shepherd (niece) Nationality American", "title": "Maggie Pierce" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere Going, Going, Gone and consists of 24 episodes with the finale Perfect Storm airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes on August 27, 2013 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Webber, M.D. is a fictional character from the ABC medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\". The character is portrayed by actor James Pickens, Jr., and was created by Shonda Rhimes. He was previously the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital for 11 years, and was replaced briefly by Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) and later permanently by Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd).", "title": "Richard Webber" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)" } ]	When did the season of Grey's Anatomy when Derek died air?	September 25, 2014	[]	Title: Grey's Anatomy Passage: Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Title: Derek Shepherd Passage: Derek Christopher Shepherd, M.D., also referred to as ``McDreamy '', is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by actor Patrick Dempsey. He made his first appearance during`` A Hard Day's Night'', which was broadcast on March 27, 2005. Derek was married to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) for 12 years, before their divorce in 2006. Before his death in 2015, Derek was happily married to his longtime girlfriend Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). The couple are often referred to as ``Mer & Der ''and they have three children together. Shepherd was formerly the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, but abruptly resigned as chief in season 7 following the shooting. For his portrayal of Shepherd, Dempsey was nominated in 2006 and 2007 Golden Globe for the Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series Drama for the role, and the 2006 SAG Award for the Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Drama Series award. Title: The Story (song) Passage: ``The Story ''is a song released as a single by American folk rock singer Brandi Carlile, written by Phil Hanseroth, from her 2007 album The Story. It was featured in Grey's Anatomy in 2007 and is on Grey's Anatomy Soundtrack album 3 (released September 11). Title: Amelia Shepherd Passage: Amelia Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama Private Practice, and the spinoff series' progenitor show, Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister - in - law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After Private Practice ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy, before becoming a series regular in season eleven. Title: Marika Domińczyk Passage: Marika Domińczyk (/ doʊˈmiːntʃɪk / doh - MEEN - chik) is a Polish - American actress who became best known in the United States for her role as Dr. Eliza Minnick on Grey's Anatomy, which she originated in its thirteenth season. Title: Amelia Shepherd Passage: Amelia Frances Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama "Private Practice", and the spinoff series' progenitor show, "Grey's Anatomy", portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister-in-law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After "Private Practice" ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of "Grey's Anatomy", before becoming a series regular in season eleven. Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 9) Passage: The ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere Going, Going, Gone and consists of 24 episodes with the finale Perfect Storm airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes on August 27, 2013 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Passage: Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 22, 2011, with a special two - hour episode and ended on May 17, 2012 with the eighth season having a total of 24 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, and overseen by showrunner Shonda Rhimes. Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 4) Passage: Grey's Anatomy (season 4) DVD cover art for the fourth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Katherine Heigl Justin Chambers T.R. Knight Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Eric Dane Chyler Leigh Brooke Smith Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 17 Release Original network ABC Original release September 27, 2007 (2007 - 09 - 27) -- May 22, 2008 (2008 - 05 - 22) Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 Next → Season 5 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Passage: Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 Next → Season 15 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes Title: Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy) Passage: Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional character from ABC's medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, the character was introduced in season two as Dr. Derek Shepherd's best friend who acted as the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Dr. Addison Montgomery. Soon after moving to Seattle Grace Hospital as an attending specializing in plastic surgery to reconcile with Derek, Mark earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns. Mark's focal storyline in the series involved his romantic relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey. Both he and Lexie sustained life - threatening injuries after an aviation accident in the eighth season finale, which resulted in their deaths. Seattle Grace is later renamed Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital in their memory. Title: Derek Shepherd Passage: In season 11, Derek is involved in a fatal car accident while driving to the airport for his final trip to Washington. He is able to hear and process auditory input, but unable to speak. He is recognized by Winnie, one of the victims of a crash he assisted in earlier, who tells the surgeons that their patient's name is Derek and that he is a surgeon as well. The hospital he was taken to was understaffed and his head injury was not detected quickly enough by the interns on duty that night. Although the neurosurgeon on call is paged multiple times, he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother. Title: Derek Shepherd Passage: Derek Shepherd Grey's Anatomy character Patrick Dempsey as Derek Shepherd in 2012 First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)'' (11.25) May 14, 2015 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Patrick Dempsey Information Full name Derek Christopher Shepherd Nickname (s) McDreamy Occupation Attending neurosurgeon Member of the Board (former) Chief of Surgery (former) Head of Neurosurgery (former) Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Mr. Shepherd (father, deceased) Carolyn Maloney Shepherd (mother) Nancy Shepherd (sister) Kathleen ``Kate ''Shepherd (sister) Elizabeth`` Lizzie'' Shepherd (sister) Amelia Shepherd (sister) 9 unnamed nieces 6 unnamed nephews (one deceased) Spouse (s) Addison Montgomery (m. 1994; div. 2006) Meredith Grey (m. 2009 -- 2015) Significant other (s) Rose Children Zola Shepherd (daughter) Derek Bailey Shepherd (son) Ellis Shepherd (daughter) (with Meredith) certifications M.D. F.A.C.S Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 11) Passage: The eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode ``I Must Have Lost it on the Wind ''and concluded with the season finale`` You're My Home'' airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season -- Life Changes on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. Title: Richard Webber Passage: Richard Webber, M.D. is a fictional character from the ABC medical drama television series "Grey's Anatomy". The character is portrayed by actor James Pickens, Jr., and was created by Shonda Rhimes. He was previously the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital for 11 years, and was replaced briefly by Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) and later permanently by Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). Title: Maggie Pierce Passage: Maggie Pierce Grey's Anatomy character The season thirteen promotional photograph of Kelly McCreary as Dr. Maggie Pierce First appearance ``Everything I Try to Do, Nothing Seems to Turn Out Right ''(10.23) May 8, 2014 (as guest star)`` All I Could Do Was Cry'' (11.11) February 12, 2015 (as series regular) Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Kelly McCreary Information Gender Female Occupation Attending cardiothoracic surgeon at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital Title Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Diane Pierce (adoptive mother, deceased) Bill Pierce (adoptive father) Ellis Grey (biological mother, deceased) Richard Webber (biological father) Meredith Grey (maternal half - sister) Significant other (s) Dean (ex-fiancé) Ethan Boyd (ex-boyfriend) Andrew DeLuca (ex-boyfriend) Jackson Avery (boyfriend) Relatives Derek Shepherd (brother - in - law, deceased) Zola Grey Shepherd (niece) Bailey Shepherd (nephew) Ellis Shepherd (niece) Nationality American Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 5) Passage: The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty - four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season five had thirteen series regulars with twelve of them returning from the previous season. The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9: 00 pm. The season was officially released on DVD as seven - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Fifth Season -- More Moments on September 9, 2009 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 10) Passage: Grey's Anatomy (season 10) DVD cover art for the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Camilla Luddington Gaius Charles Jerrika Hinton Tessa Ferrer Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 26, 2013 (2013 - 09 - 26) -- May 15, 2014 (2014 - 05 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 9 Next → Season 11 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes Title: Didn't We Almost Have It All? Passage: "Didn't We Almost Have It All?" is the third season finale and the 61st overall episode from the medical drama series, "Grey's Anatomy". The episode runs for 53:05 minutes, making it the longest episode of the series, excluding two-part episodes.	[ "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)", "Derek Shepherd" ]
2hop__767045_160851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.", "title": "Dominican Republic at the 1964 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guatemala competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. 21 competitors, 20 men and 1 woman, took part in 26 events in 6 sports.", "title": "Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vietnam competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. It is the 13th summer games in which the nation has competed since its first appearance in 1952. Although it has sent a modest delegation every year it has competed, Vietnam had only earned one Olympic medal before Beijing (in 2000). The Vietnam Olympic Committee sent thirteen athletes to compete in eight of the 28 Olympic sports. It is the largest ever contingent for the nation, up from 11 in the 2004 games.", "title": "Vietnam at the 2008 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games.", "title": "Dominica at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Szmidt competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and was supposed to represent his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics, but didn't start due to the international boycott of the Moscow Games. A resident of Sarnia, Ontario he won a total number of three medals at the 1979 Pan American Games.", "title": "Peter Szmidt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania competed at the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Five competitors, four men and one woman, took part in three events in two sports.", "title": "Albania at the 1972 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then. Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Slovak athletes competed for Czechoslovakia at the Olympics.", "title": "Slovakia at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": ".dm is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Dominica. Registrants of a second-level .dm domain get the corresponding third-level names within .com.dm, .net.dm and .org.dm automatically included. There are no restrictions on who can register these names, but they are not very heavily used.", "title": ".dm" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Afghanistan first competed at the Summer Olympic Games at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In all, they sent 19 competitors, but only 13 competed.", "title": "Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "310 athletes from 54 nations participated, with number of athletes in parentheses. Chile made its Olympic debut in the sport. Dominica, qualified for the Winter Olympics for the first time, and its two athletes competed in cross-country skiing. India's athlete was planned to compete as an Independent Olympic Participants, as the Indian Olympic Association was suspended by the International Olympic Committee, but the suspension had since been lifted.", "title": "Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Latvia won their first summer Olympic gold medal at these games. 45 competitors, 30 men and 15 women, took part in 47 events in 13 sports.", "title": "Latvia at the 2000 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kateřina Pivoňková (born May 6, 1979 in Vlašim, Středočeský) is a retired female backstroke swimmer from the Czech Republic, who twice competed for her native country at the Olympic Games: in 1996 and 2004.", "title": "Kateřina Pivoňková" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malaysia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 26 competitors, all men, took part in 11 events in 6 sports. The nation won its first ever Olympic medal at these Games.", "title": "Malaysia at the 1992 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guyana competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. They won their first, and only Olympic medal to date during these games. Eight competitors, seven men and one woman, took part in ten events in three sports.", "title": "Guyana at the 1980 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in Wembley Park, London, England. 79 competitors, all men, took part in 39 events in 10 sports. It was the first time that India competed as an independent nation at the Olympic Games.", "title": "India at the 1948 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey is a sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. A men's ice hockey tournament has been held every Winter Olympics (starting in 1924); an ice hockey tournament was also held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. From 1920 to 1968, the Olympics also acted as the Ice Hockey World Championships, and the two events occurred concurrently. From 1920 until 1984, only amateur athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament, and players from the National Hockey League (NHL) were not allowed to compete. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state - sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. In 1970, after a disagreement over the definition of amateur players, Canada withdrew from the tournament and did not send a team to the 1972 or 1976 Winter Olympics. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympics, and starting in 1998, the NHL allowed its players to participate. Women's ice hockey was added in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Both events have been held at every Olympic Games since.", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in ice hockey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France was the host of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. France was one of many nations that had competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Greece and had returned to compete at the 1900 Games.", "title": "France at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He twice won the gold medal in the men's 5.000 metres at the Central American and Caribbean Games, and competed for his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.", "title": "Pablo Olmedo" } ]	When did the country that used .dm as domain name first compete in Olympic games?	1996	[]	Title: Peter Szmidt Passage: Szmidt competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and was supposed to represent his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics, but didn't start due to the international boycott of the Moscow Games. A resident of Sarnia, Ontario he won a total number of three medals at the 1979 Pan American Games. Title: Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics Passage: Guatemala competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. 21 competitors, 20 men and 1 woman, took part in 26 events in 6 sports. Title: Vietnam at the 2008 Summer Olympics Passage: Vietnam competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. It is the 13th summer games in which the nation has competed since its first appearance in 1952. Although it has sent a modest delegation every year it has competed, Vietnam had only earned one Olympic medal before Beijing (in 2000). The Vietnam Olympic Committee sent thirteen athletes to compete in eight of the 28 Olympic sports. It is the largest ever contingent for the nation, up from 11 in the 2004 games. Title: Pablo Olmedo Passage: He twice won the gold medal in the men's 5.000 metres at the Central American and Caribbean Games, and competed for his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Title: .dm Passage: .dm is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Dominica. Registrants of a second-level .dm domain get the corresponding third-level names within .com.dm, .net.dm and .org.dm automatically included. There are no restrictions on who can register these names, but they are not very heavily used. Title: Slovakia at the Olympics Passage: Slovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then. Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Slovak athletes competed for Czechoslovakia at the Olympics. Title: Latvia at the 2000 Summer Olympics Passage: Latvia competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Latvia won their first summer Olympic gold medal at these games. 45 competitors, 30 men and 15 women, took part in 47 events in 13 sports. Title: India at the 1948 Summer Olympics Passage: India competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in Wembley Park, London, England. 79 competitors, all men, took part in 39 events in 10 sports. It was the first time that India competed as an independent nation at the Olympic Games. Title: Malaysia at the 1992 Summer Olympics Passage: Malaysia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 26 competitors, all men, took part in 11 events in 6 sports. The nation won its first ever Olympic medal at these Games. Title: Guyana at the 1980 Summer Olympics Passage: Guyana competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. They won their first, and only Olympic medal to date during these games. Eight competitors, seven men and one woman, took part in ten events in three sports. Title: Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics Passage: Afghanistan first competed at the Summer Olympic Games at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In all, they sent 19 competitors, but only 13 competed. Title: Dominica at the Olympics Passage: Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games. Title: Dominican Republic at the 1964 Summer Olympics Passage: The Dominican Republic competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Title: France at the 1900 Summer Olympics Passage: France was the host of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. France was one of many nations that had competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Greece and had returned to compete at the 1900 Games. Title: Zimbabwe at the Olympics Passage: Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon. Title: Kateřina Pivoňková Passage: Kateřina Pivoňková (born May 6, 1979 in Vlašim, Středočeský) is a retired female backstroke swimmer from the Czech Republic, who twice competed for her native country at the Olympic Games: in 1996 and 2004. Title: Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics Passage: Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics. Title: Albania at the 1972 Summer Olympics Passage: Albania competed at the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Five competitors, four men and one woman, took part in three events in two sports. Title: Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics Passage: 310 athletes from 54 nations participated, with number of athletes in parentheses. Chile made its Olympic debut in the sport. Dominica, qualified for the Winter Olympics for the first time, and its two athletes competed in cross-country skiing. India's athlete was planned to compete as an Independent Olympic Participants, as the Indian Olympic Association was suspended by the International Olympic Committee, but the suspension had since been lifted. Title: List of Olympic medalists in ice hockey Passage: Ice hockey is a sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. A men's ice hockey tournament has been held every Winter Olympics (starting in 1924); an ice hockey tournament was also held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. From 1920 to 1968, the Olympics also acted as the Ice Hockey World Championships, and the two events occurred concurrently. From 1920 until 1984, only amateur athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament, and players from the National Hockey League (NHL) were not allowed to compete. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state - sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. In 1970, after a disagreement over the definition of amateur players, Canada withdrew from the tournament and did not send a team to the 1972 or 1976 Winter Olympics. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympics, and starting in 1998, the NHL allowed its players to participate. Women's ice hockey was added in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Both events have been held at every Olympic Games since.	[ "Dominica at the Olympics", ".dm" ]
4hop2__207997_5537_91861_124556	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kon - Tiki expedition was funded by private loans, along with donations of equipment from the United States Army. Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru, where, with the help of dockyard facilities provided by the Peruvian authorities, they constructed the raft out of balsa logs and other native materials in an indigenous style as recorded in illustrations by Spanish conquistadores. The trip began on April 28, 1947. Heyerdahl and five companions sailed the raft for 101 days over 6,900 km (4,300 miles) across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into a reef at Raroia in the Tuamotus on August 7, 1947. The crew made successful landfall and all returned safely.", "title": "Kon-Tiki expedition" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. In the same time frame, much of present eastern Eurasian plate welded itself to Europe along the line of the Ural mountains. There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. Other minor oceans were shrinking and eventually closed the Rheic Ocean (closed by the assembly of South and North America), the small, shallow Ural Ocean (which was closed by the collision of Baltica, and Siberia continents, creating the Ural Mountains) and Proto-Tethys Ocean.", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Far Horizons is a 1955 American western film directed by Rudolph Maté, starring Fred MacMurray, Charlton Heston, Donna Reed and Barbara Hale. It is about an expedition led by Lewis and Clark, which is sent to survey the territory that the United States has just acquired in the Louisiana Purchase from France. They are able to overcome the dangers they encounter along the way with the help of a Shoshone woman named Sacagawea. This is currently the only major American motion picture on the Lewis and Clark expedition (although there have been television documentaries on the subject). Many details are fictional, and the minor scene where the group reaches the Pacific Ocean reflects the low budget of the film.", "title": "The Far Horizons" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Global exploration started with the Portuguese discoveries of the Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores, the coast of Africa, and the discovery of the sea route to India in 1498; and the Crown of Castile (Spain) the trans - Atlantic Voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas between 1492 and 1502 and the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519 -- 1522. These discoveries led to numerous naval expeditions across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, and land expeditions in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia that continued into the late 19th century, and ended with the exploration of the polar regions in the 20th century.", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex (KWMC) is one of Asia's largest perishable goods market complex located at Koyambedu, Chennai. The market complex is spread over an area of . Inaugurated in 1996, the complex consists of about 3,100 shops, including more than 1,000 wholesale shops and 2,000 retail shops. Of these, 850 are fruit shops. It abuts the Poonamallee High Road and Nesapakkam Road. In Phase I, a wholesale market for perishables was developed in an area of around by constructing 3,194 shops. The market has two blocks for vegetable shops and one each for fruit and flower shops. In Phase II, a textile market and in Phase III, a food grain market have been planned to be developed in the complex.", "title": "Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese discoveries (Portuguese: Descobrimentos portugueses) are the numerous territories and maritime routes discovered by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European overseas exploration, discovering and mapping the coasts of Africa, Canada, Asia and Brazil, in what became known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty - four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil.", "title": "Portuguese discoveries" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the largest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four - fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma -- Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 48 countries, three of them (Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe.", "title": "Asia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey.", "title": "Amundsen's South Pole expedition" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solimões Basin. Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe.", "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Vescera (modern Biskra in Algeria) was fought in 682 or 683 between the Berbers of king Caecilius and their Byzantine allies from the Exarchate of Carthage against an Umayyad Arab army under Uqba ibn Nafi (the founder of Kairouan). Uqba ibn Nafi had led his men in an expedition across north Africa, eventually reaching the Atlantic Ocean and marching as far south as the Draa and Sous rivers. On his return, he was ambushed by the Berber-Byzantine coalition at Tehouda (Thabudeos) south Vescera, defeated and killed. As a result of this crushing defeat, the Arabs were expelled from the area of modern Tunisia for a decade.", "title": "Battle of Vescera" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vasco da Gama's father was Estêvão da Gama, who had served in the 1460s as a knight of the household of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu. He rose in the ranks of the military Order of Santiago. Estêvão da Gama was appointed \"alcaide-mór\" (civil governor) of Sines in the 1460s, a post he held until 1478; after that he continued as a receiver of taxes and holder of the Order's commendas in the region.", "title": "Vasco da Gama" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The voyage was commissioned by King George III and commanded by Lieutenant James Cook, a junior naval officer with good skills in cartography and mathematics. Departing from Plymouth - Dock (Devonport) in August 1768, the expedition crossed the Atlantic, rounded Cape Horn and reached Tahiti in time to observe the transit of Venus. Cook then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the Pacific islands of Huahine, Borabora and Raiatea to claim them for Great Britain, and unsuccessfully attempting to land at Rurutu. In September 1769 the expedition reached New Zealand, being the second Europeans to visit there, following the first European discovery by Abel Tasman 127 years earlier. Cook and his crew spent the following six months charting the New Zealand coast, before resuming their voyage westward across open sea. In April 1770 they became the first Europeans to reach the east coast of Australia, making landfall at Point Hicks, and then proceeding to Botany Bay.", "title": "First voyage of James Cook" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to ``drift ''across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.", "title": "Continental drift" } ]	Who fathered the leader of the first expedition to reach Koyambedu's continent by sailing west across the ocean bordering eastern Russia?	Estêvão da Gama	[]	Title: Portuguese discoveries Passage: Portuguese discoveries (Portuguese: Descobrimentos portugueses) are the numerous territories and maritime routes discovered by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European overseas exploration, discovering and mapping the coasts of Africa, Canada, Asia and Brazil, in what became known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty - four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil. Title: Age of Discovery Passage: Global exploration started with the Portuguese discoveries of the Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores, the coast of Africa, and the discovery of the sea route to India in 1498; and the Crown of Castile (Spain) the trans - Atlantic Voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas between 1492 and 1502 and the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519 -- 1522. These discoveries led to numerous naval expeditions across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, and land expeditions in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia that continued into the late 19th century, and ended with the exploration of the polar regions in the 20th century. Title: Continental drift Passage: Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to ``drift ''across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move. Title: Pennell Coast Passage: Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell. Title: Amazon rainforest Passage: During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solimões Basin. Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic. Title: Kon-Tiki expedition Passage: The Kon - Tiki expedition was funded by private loans, along with donations of equipment from the United States Army. Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru, where, with the help of dockyard facilities provided by the Peruvian authorities, they constructed the raft out of balsa logs and other native materials in an indigenous style as recorded in illustrations by Spanish conquistadores. The trip began on April 28, 1947. Heyerdahl and five companions sailed the raft for 101 days over 6,900 km (4,300 miles) across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into a reef at Raroia in the Tuamotus on August 7, 1947. The crew made successful landfall and all returned safely. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. In the same time frame, much of present eastern Eurasian plate welded itself to Europe along the line of the Ural mountains. There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. Other minor oceans were shrinking and eventually closed the Rheic Ocean (closed by the assembly of South and North America), the small, shallow Ural Ocean (which was closed by the collision of Baltica, and Siberia continents, creating the Ural Mountains) and Proto-Tethys Ocean. Title: Vasco da Gama Passage: Vasco da Gama's father was Estêvão da Gama, who had served in the 1460s as a knight of the household of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu. He rose in the ranks of the military Order of Santiago. Estêvão da Gama was appointed "alcaide-mór" (civil governor) of Sines in the 1460s, a post he held until 1478; after that he continued as a receiver of taxes and holder of the Order's commendas in the region. Title: Battle of Vescera Passage: The Battle of Vescera (modern Biskra in Algeria) was fought in 682 or 683 between the Berbers of king Caecilius and their Byzantine allies from the Exarchate of Carthage against an Umayyad Arab army under Uqba ibn Nafi (the founder of Kairouan). Uqba ibn Nafi had led his men in an expedition across north Africa, eventually reaching the Atlantic Ocean and marching as far south as the Draa and Sous rivers. On his return, he was ambushed by the Berber-Byzantine coalition at Tehouda (Thabudeos) south Vescera, defeated and killed. As a result of this crushing defeat, the Arabs were expelled from the area of modern Tunisia for a decade. Title: Africa Passage: Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. Title: Chronology of European exploration of Asia Passage: The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe. Title: Spice trade Passage: The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade. Title: Asia Passage: Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the largest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four - fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma -- Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 48 countries, three of them (Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe. Title: East India Company Passage: Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594. Title: First voyage of James Cook Passage: The voyage was commissioned by King George III and commanded by Lieutenant James Cook, a junior naval officer with good skills in cartography and mathematics. Departing from Plymouth - Dock (Devonport) in August 1768, the expedition crossed the Atlantic, rounded Cape Horn and reached Tahiti in time to observe the transit of Venus. Cook then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the Pacific islands of Huahine, Borabora and Raiatea to claim them for Great Britain, and unsuccessfully attempting to land at Rurutu. In September 1769 the expedition reached New Zealand, being the second Europeans to visit there, following the first European discovery by Abel Tasman 127 years earlier. Cook and his crew spent the following six months charting the New Zealand coast, before resuming their voyage westward across open sea. In April 1770 they became the first Europeans to reach the east coast of Australia, making landfall at Point Hicks, and then proceeding to Botany Bay. Title: The Far Horizons Passage: The Far Horizons is a 1955 American western film directed by Rudolph Maté, starring Fred MacMurray, Charlton Heston, Donna Reed and Barbara Hale. It is about an expedition led by Lewis and Clark, which is sent to survey the territory that the United States has just acquired in the Louisiana Purchase from France. They are able to overcome the dangers they encounter along the way with the help of a Shoshone woman named Sacagawea. This is currently the only major American motion picture on the Lewis and Clark expedition (although there have been television documentaries on the subject). Many details are fictional, and the minor scene where the group reaches the Pacific Ocean reflects the low budget of the film. Title: Amundsen's South Pole expedition Passage: The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey. Title: History of the west coast of North America Passage: Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs. Title: Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex Passage: Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex (KWMC) is one of Asia's largest perishable goods market complex located at Koyambedu, Chennai. The market complex is spread over an area of . Inaugurated in 1996, the complex consists of about 3,100 shops, including more than 1,000 wholesale shops and 2,000 retail shops. Of these, 850 are fruit shops. It abuts the Poonamallee High Road and Nesapakkam Road. In Phase I, a wholesale market for perishables was developed in an area of around by constructing 3,194 shops. The market has two blocks for vegetable shops and one each for fruit and flower shops. In Phase II, a textile market and in Phase III, a food grain market have been planned to be developed in the complex.	[ "Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex", "Chronology of European exploration of Asia", "Vasco da Gama", "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" ]
2hop__387702_20661	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The EBU announced on 7 November 2017 that forty - two countries would participate in the contest. Russia confirmed their return after withdrawing from the previous edition, while Macedonia's participation was provisionally blocked by the EBU due to unpaid debts by its national broadcaster. However, ten days later, the EBU announced that Macedonia would be allowed to enter the contest, raising the number of participating countries to forty - three, equaling the highest number of participants with the 2008 and 2011 editions.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ``imperial century ''by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of`` splendid isolation''. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an ``Informal Empire ''.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes.", "title": "Currency transaction report" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Players who are not automatically eligible but wish to be drafted must declare their eligibility no later than 60 days before the draft. After this date, ``early entry ''players may attend NBA pre-draft camps and individual team workouts to show off their skills and obtain feedback regarding their draft positions. Under the CBA, a player may withdraw his name from consideration from the draft at any time before the final declaration date, which is 10 days before the draft. However, the NCAA adopted a rule that took effect in August 2009 that requires players at its member institutions to withdraw no later than May 8 to retain their college eligibility; the first draft affected by this rule was the 2010 draft. In 2011, the NCAA shortened its timeline for players to withdraw and retain eligibility to one day before the start of the spring signing period for men's basketball, which occurs in April. The NCAA changed its withdrawal rule again in 2016, effective with that year's draft; its withdrawal deadline is now in late May, specifically 10 days after the final day of the annual NBA Draft Combine.", "title": "Eligibility for the NBA draft" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's \"imperial century\" by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of \"splendid isolation\". Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as \"Informal Empire\".", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publicly disavowed his allies at the United Nations, and used financial and diplomatic pressure to make them withdraw from Egypt. Eisenhower explicitly defended his strong position against Britain and France in his memoirs, which were published in 1965.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts. In the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century.", "title": "Lancashire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries.", "title": "All You Need Is Love" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the \"Scramble for Africa\" by defining \"effective occupation\" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its foreign policy closely follows that of its main ally, France (one of its former colonial rulers). Cameroon relies heavily on France for its defence, although military spending is high in comparison to other sectors of government.President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1,000-mile (1 600 km) border and have disputed the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula. In 1994 Cameroon petitioned the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute. The two countries attempted to establish a cease-fire in 1996, however, fighting continued for years. In 2002, the ICJ ruled that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1913 gave sovereignty to Cameroon. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. By 2004, Nigeria had failed to meet the deadline to handover the peninsula. A UN-mediated summit in June 2006 facilitated an agreement for Nigeria to withdraw from the region and both leaders signed the Greentree Agreement. The withdrawal and handover of control was completed by August 2006.", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible.", "title": "Treaty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, \"Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity\", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.", "title": "Freemasonry" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Along with the Central Business District, Adliya, and Juffair, Hoora is considered as one of Manama's nightlife centres, with many bars, hotels, restaurants, pubs and nightclubs (both Arabic and Western), and it is very popular with Arab visitors to Bahrain.", "title": "Hoora" } ]	When did Britain withdraw from the country containing Hoora?	1971	[]	Title: Cameroon Passage: Its foreign policy closely follows that of its main ally, France (one of its former colonial rulers). Cameroon relies heavily on France for its defence, although military spending is high in comparison to other sectors of government.President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1,000-mile (1 600 km) border and have disputed the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula. In 1994 Cameroon petitioned the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute. The two countries attempted to establish a cease-fire in 1996, however, fighting continued for years. In 2002, the ICJ ruled that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1913 gave sovereignty to Cameroon. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. By 2004, Nigeria had failed to meet the deadline to handover the peninsula. A UN-mediated summit in June 2006 facilitated an agreement for Nigeria to withdraw from the region and both leaders signed the Greentree Agreement. The withdrawal and handover of control was completed by August 2006. Title: Freemasonry Passage: A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today. Title: British Empire Passage: While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976. Title: United Kingdom Passage: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017. Title: Currency transaction report Passage: A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes. Title: Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton Passage: The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine. Title: British Empire Passage: In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956. Title: British Empire Passage: Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ``imperial century ''by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of`` splendid isolation''. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an ``Informal Empire ''. Title: All You Need Is Love Passage: ``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries. Title: Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Passage: The EBU announced on 7 November 2017 that forty - two countries would participate in the contest. Russia confirmed their return after withdrawing from the previous edition, while Macedonia's participation was provisionally blocked by the EBU due to unpaid debts by its national broadcaster. However, ten days later, the EBU announced that Macedonia would be allowed to enter the contest, raising the number of participating countries to forty - three, equaling the highest number of participants with the 2008 and 2011 editions. Title: British Empire Passage: Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's "imperial century" by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as "Informal Empire". Title: British Empire Passage: With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the "Scramble for Africa" by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality. Title: Lancashire Passage: The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts. In the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century. Title: Eligibility for the NBA draft Passage: Players who are not automatically eligible but wish to be drafted must declare their eligibility no later than 60 days before the draft. After this date, ``early entry ''players may attend NBA pre-draft camps and individual team workouts to show off their skills and obtain feedback regarding their draft positions. Under the CBA, a player may withdraw his name from consideration from the draft at any time before the final declaration date, which is 10 days before the draft. However, the NCAA adopted a rule that took effect in August 2009 that requires players at its member institutions to withdraw no later than May 8 to retain their college eligibility; the first draft affected by this rule was the 2010 draft. In 2011, the NCAA shortened its timeline for players to withdraw and retain eligibility to one day before the start of the spring signing period for men's basketball, which occurs in April. The NCAA changed its withdrawal rule again in 2016, effective with that year's draft; its withdrawal deadline is now in late May, specifically 10 days after the final day of the annual NBA Draft Combine. Title: History of Cuba Passage: The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902. Title: British Empire Passage: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe. Title: Hoora Passage: Along with the Central Business District, Adliya, and Juffair, Hoora is considered as one of Manama's nightlife centres, with many bars, hotels, restaurants, pubs and nightclubs (both Arabic and Western), and it is very popular with Arab visitors to Bahrain. Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publicly disavowed his allies at the United Nations, and used financial and diplomatic pressure to make them withdraw from Egypt. Eisenhower explicitly defended his strong position against Britain and France in his memoirs, which were published in 1965. Title: Treaty Passage: The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible. Title: Warsaw Pact Passage: In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.	[ "British Empire", "Hoora" ]
2hop__22215_22235	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bergen Anglican Church is a congregation of the Church of England in the Anglican Chaplaincy in Norway in the city of Bergen, Norway. Emerging in the late 1950s and institutionalised in 1962 the congregation was a spiritual home for British expatriates and especially the Second World War \"War Brides\" from Scotland. The congregation has grown to become broadly international in character providing worship in the English language. Since its emergence the congregation's strong core lay ministry and leadership was supplemented periodically by visiting or designated Anglican priests from St Edmund's Anglican Church in Oslo, and beginning in the 1990s was served by Peter Hogarth who served as the Assistant Chaplain for Western Norway. Mpole Samuel Masemola was installed as the congregation's first resident priest January 2013, and left in July 2015. Normal worship services were first held at the Engensenteret Chapel, Baneveien 1, near Nøstet, and now at the historic Mariakirken i Bergen or St Mary's Church, Bergen. Within the scope of the Porvoo Communion the congregation enjoys close cooperation with the Bergen Cathedral parish of the Church of Norway. As a congregation within the Anglican Chaplaincy in Norway the Bergen Anglican Church is a part of the Archdeaconry of Germany and Northern Europe in the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe, which is part of the province of Canterbury in the Church of England. The diocesan bishop is Robert Innes and David Hamid is Suffragan Bishop in Europe.", "title": "Bergen Anglican Church" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church. The terms for the surrender of New Amsterdam had provided that the Dutch would have liberty of conscience, and the Duke, as an openly divine-right Catholic, was no friend of Anglicanism. The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York.", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understandable, since he was the one who had had the idea for it and had convened it. On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days, in response to global requests. He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States).", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Christian feast day in the early 17th century and is observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion (especially the Church of Ireland), the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Lutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland, and celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general. Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, cèilidhs, and the wearing of green attire or shamrocks. Christians who belong to liturgical denominations also attend church services and historically the Lenten restrictions on eating and drinking alcohol were lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday's tradition of alcohol consumption.", "title": "Saint Patrick's Day" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Twelve Days of Christmas, also known as Twelvetide, is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ. In most Western ecclesiastical traditions, ``Christmas Day ''is considered the`` First Day of Christmas'' and the Twelve Days are 25 December -- 5 January, inclusive. For many Christian denominations; for example, the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church, the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide, but for others, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, ``Christmastide ''lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas.", "title": "Twelve Days of Christmas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia first ordained women as priests in 1977 and was the first Anglican province to elect a woman as a diocesan bishop when, in 1989, Penny Jamieson was elected Bishop of Dunedin. She retired in 2004. In 2008 the Diocese of Christchurch elected Victoria Matthews, former Bishop of Edmonton in the Anglican Church of Canada, as 8th Bishop of Christchurch. In 2013, Helen - Ann Hartley became the first woman ordained in the Church of England to become a bishop when she was elected as Bishop of Waikato and joint diocesan bishop in the Diocese of Waikato and Taranaki.", "title": "Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Church of Our Saviour is a church in Singapore, currently located in a renovated ex-cinema in Queenstown. It began as a mission in the 1950s along Alexandra Road. Since, it has grown from a small congregation consisting of lesser than 80 members to its present worship attendance of approximately 4,000. Strongly supportive of missionary work, the church is involved in numerous ministries that not only cater to different age groups, but also to foreigners in Singapore, such as the Filipinos. It also conducts a Chinese ministry, and is a parish within the Anglican Diocese of Singapore.", "title": "Church of Our Saviour, Singapore" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christ Church Cathedral in Victoria, British Columbia is the cathedral church of the Diocese of British Columbia of the Anglican Church of Canada.", "title": "Christ Church Cathedral (Victoria, British Columbia)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single \"Anglican Church\" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 -- 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro - Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th.", "title": "Saint Alphonsa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Church of Our Lady () a church in Kortedala in Gothenburg in Sweden. Earlier belonging to the Kortdeala Parish of the Church of Sweden, it was opened in 1972. In 2007, the Church of Sweden stopped using it and in 2008 it was sold to the Serbian Orthodox Parish.", "title": "Church of Our Lady, Gothenburg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Hedtler \"Andy\" Fairfield is an American Anglican bishop. He served from 1989 to 2003 as the tenth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of North Dakota. After his retirement, he was in 2007 translated to the Anglican Church of Uganda and subsequently to the Anglican Church in North America. He is currently serving as assisting bishop in the Anglican Diocese in New England.", "title": "Andrew Fairfield" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Community of Jesus' Compassion (CJC) is an Anglican religious order founded in 1993, and located near Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in the Diocese of Natal of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. The primary work of the sisters in concerned with evangelism and children's ministry.", "title": "Community of Jesus' Compassion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.", "title": "Canon law" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called \"Venerable\". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called \"Blessed\". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both \"catholic\" and \"Reformed\". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross is a personal ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church primarily within the territory of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference for groups of Anglicans who desire full communion with the Catholic Church in Australia and Asia. As a personal ordinariate it is immediately subject to the Holy See in Rome. The motto of the ordinariate is \"Mea Gloria Fides\" (My Faith is my Glory).", "title": "Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, \"Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it.\" Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as \"our beloved sister Church\". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Calvary United Methodist Church is a Methodist church in Harlem Village, Manhattan, New York City at 116 Edgecombe Avenue. The congregation occupies the former Lutheran church building of The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Atonement, which was established in 1896 and built in 1897 as a mission church of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. When Atonement merged with the Lutheran Church of Our Saviour, Atonement's congregation moved into Our Saviour's building at 525 West 179th Street and then 580 West 187th Street.", "title": "Mount Calvary United Methodist Church (New York City)" } ]	On what day was the describer of the Anglican church as "our beloved sister Church" born?	26 September	[]	Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both "catholic" and "Reformed". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary. Title: Paris Passage: Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city. Title: Twelve Days of Christmas Passage: The Twelve Days of Christmas, also known as Twelvetide, is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ. In most Western ecclesiastical traditions, ``Christmas Day ''is considered the`` First Day of Christmas'' and the Twelve Days are 25 December -- 5 January, inclusive. For many Christian denominations; for example, the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church, the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide, but for others, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, ``Christmastide ''lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas. Title: Pope John XXIII Passage: The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understandable, since he was the one who had had the idea for it and had convened it. On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days, in response to global requests. He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States). Title: Christ Church Cathedral (Victoria, British Columbia) Passage: Christ Church Cathedral in Victoria, British Columbia is the cathedral church of the Diocese of British Columbia of the Anglican Church of Canada. Title: Mount Calvary United Methodist Church (New York City) Passage: Mount Calvary United Methodist Church is a Methodist church in Harlem Village, Manhattan, New York City at 116 Edgecombe Avenue. The congregation occupies the former Lutheran church building of The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Atonement, which was established in 1896 and built in 1897 as a mission church of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. When Atonement merged with the Lutheran Church of Our Saviour, Atonement's congregation moved into Our Saviour's building at 525 West 179th Street and then 580 West 187th Street. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it." Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes. Title: Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion Passage: The Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia first ordained women as priests in 1977 and was the first Anglican province to elect a woman as a diocesan bishop when, in 1989, Penny Jamieson was elected Bishop of Dunedin. She retired in 2004. In 2008 the Diocese of Christchurch elected Victoria Matthews, former Bishop of Edmonton in the Anglican Church of Canada, as 8th Bishop of Christchurch. In 2013, Helen - Ann Hartley became the first woman ordained in the Church of England to become a bishop when she was elected as Bishop of Waikato and joint diocesan bishop in the Diocese of Waikato and Taranaki. Title: Canon law Passage: Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law. Title: Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross Passage: The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross is a personal ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church primarily within the territory of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference for groups of Anglicans who desire full communion with the Catholic Church in Australia and Asia. As a personal ordinariate it is immediately subject to the Holy See in Rome. The motto of the ordinariate is "Mea Gloria Fides" (My Faith is my Glory). Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church. The terms for the surrender of New Amsterdam had provided that the Dutch would have liberty of conscience, and the Duke, as an openly divine-right Catholic, was no friend of Anglicanism. The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York. Title: Community of Jesus' Compassion Passage: The Community of Jesus' Compassion (CJC) is an Anglican religious order founded in 1993, and located near Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in the Diocese of Natal of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. The primary work of the sisters in concerned with evangelism and children's ministry. Title: Andrew Fairfield Passage: Andrew Hedtler "Andy" Fairfield is an American Anglican bishop. He served from 1989 to 2003 as the tenth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of North Dakota. After his retirement, he was in 2007 translated to the Anglican Church of Uganda and subsequently to the Anglican Church in North America. He is currently serving as assisting bishop in the Anglican Diocese in New England. Title: Saint Patrick's Day Passage: Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Christian feast day in the early 17th century and is observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion (especially the Church of Ireland), the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Lutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland, and celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general. Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, cèilidhs, and the wearing of green attire or shamrocks. Christians who belong to liturgical denominations also attend church services and historically the Lenten restrictions on eating and drinking alcohol were lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday's tradition of alcohol consumption. Title: Church of Our Lady, Gothenburg Passage: The Church of Our Lady () a church in Kortedala in Gothenburg in Sweden. Earlier belonging to the Kortdeala Parish of the Church of Sweden, it was opened in 1972. In 2007, the Church of Sweden stopped using it and in 2008 it was sold to the Serbian Orthodox Parish. Title: Bergen Anglican Church Passage: Bergen Anglican Church is a congregation of the Church of England in the Anglican Chaplaincy in Norway in the city of Bergen, Norway. Emerging in the late 1950s and institutionalised in 1962 the congregation was a spiritual home for British expatriates and especially the Second World War "War Brides" from Scotland. The congregation has grown to become broadly international in character providing worship in the English language. Since its emergence the congregation's strong core lay ministry and leadership was supplemented periodically by visiting or designated Anglican priests from St Edmund's Anglican Church in Oslo, and beginning in the 1990s was served by Peter Hogarth who served as the Assistant Chaplain for Western Norway. Mpole Samuel Masemola was installed as the congregation's first resident priest January 2013, and left in July 2015. Normal worship services were first held at the Engensenteret Chapel, Baneveien 1, near Nøstet, and now at the historic Mariakirken i Bergen or St Mary's Church, Bergen. Within the scope of the Porvoo Communion the congregation enjoys close cooperation with the Bergen Cathedral parish of the Church of Norway. As a congregation within the Anglican Chaplaincy in Norway the Bergen Anglican Church is a part of the Archdeaconry of Germany and Northern Europe in the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe, which is part of the province of Canterbury in the Church of England. The diocesan bishop is Robert Innes and David Hamid is Suffragan Bishop in Europe. Title: Protestantism Passage: Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single "Anglican Church" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents. Title: Saint Alphonsa Passage: Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 -- 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro - Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th. Title: Church of Our Saviour, Singapore Passage: Church of Our Saviour is a church in Singapore, currently located in a renovated ex-cinema in Queenstown. It began as a mission in the 1950s along Alexandra Road. Since, it has grown from a small congregation consisting of lesser than 80 members to its present worship attendance of approximately 4,000. Strongly supportive of missionary work, the church is involved in numerous ministries that not only cater to different age groups, but also to foreigners in Singapore, such as the Filipinos. It also conducts a Chinese ministry, and is a parish within the Anglican Diocese of Singapore. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.	[ "Pope Paul VI", "Pope Paul VI" ]
2hop__11230_52135	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The celebration of Children's Day in India has its roots back to 1959. Prior to the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, India is celebrating Children's Day on November 20 (the date observed as Universal Children's Day by the United Nations). After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, it was unanimously decided to celebrate his birthday as or Children's Day in India.", "title": "Children's Day (India)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya, was born in Dwarahat district of Almora in Uttarakhand, India. He joined Pandit Motilal Nehru as his personal secretary in 1923. After the death of Pandit Motilal Nehru, he was retained by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, with whom he remained associated till the latter's death. Upadhyaya was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Satna constituency in the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh in 1952. He was re-elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 and 1962 from Rewa in Madhya Pradesh. In 1967 he was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha. He was awarded the Padmasri in 1983. He remained closely associated with the Nehru-Gandhi family right from 1923 till his death in 1984 and finds mention in Jawaharlal Nehru's Last Will & Testament.", "title": "Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the First Five - Year Plan to the Parliament of India and needed urgent attention. The First Five - year Plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of the primary sector. The First Five - Year Plan was based on the Harrod -- Domar model with few modifications.", "title": "Five-Year Plans of India" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo ''(Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगो;`` O 'people of my country'') is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino - Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war.", "title": "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deepak Nayyar (born 1946) is Professor of Economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and Chairperson of the Board of Governors of Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) New Delhi. He has taught at the University of Oxford, the University of Sussex, the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM-C), and the New School for Social Research, New York City. He was Vice Chancellor of the University of Delhi from 2000 to 2005.", "title": "Deepak Nayyar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Century Lotus Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Foshan, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 36,686 people and was built in 2005. It hosted a first round match between China and Myanmar during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying. This building has a design similar to the reconstructed Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi built by the same designers.", "title": "Century Lotus Stadium" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A trust was founded in 1920 to build a memorial at the site after a resolution was passed by the Indian National Congress. In 1923, the trust purchased land for the project. A memorial, designed by American architect Benjamin Polk, was built on the site and inaugurated by President of India Rajendra Prasad on 13 April 1961, in the presence of Jawaharlal Nehru and other leaders. A flame was later added to the site.", "title": "Jallianwala Bagh massacre" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo ''(Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगों;`` O 'people of my country'') is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino - Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war.", "title": "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During his first tenure, Talat Ahmad was recommended for the position of Vice-Chancellor, University of Kashmir by a search committee headed by former member of Planning Commission, Prof. Abid Hussain, former Indian Ambassador to USA, and comprising Professor G. K. Chadha, CEO, South Asian University and former Vice-Chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and Prof. Seyed E. Hasnain, an eminent Scientist and former Vice-Chancellor of University of Hyderabad.", "title": "Talat Ahmad" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindustani: (ˈɪnːdɪrə ˈɡaːnd̪ɦi) (listen); née Nehru; 19 November 1917 -- 31 October 1984) was an Indian stateswoman and central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, the only female Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi belonged to the Nehru -- Gandhi family and was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Indian prime minister. Despite her surname Gandhi, she is not related to the family of Mahatma Gandhi. She served as Prime Minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest - serving Indian prime minister after her father.", "title": "Indira Gandhi" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian general election, 1951 ← 1945 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952 1957 → All 489 seats in the Lok Sabha 245 seats were needed for a majority First party Second party Leader Jawaharlal Nehru Shripad Amrit Dange Party INC CPI Leader's seat Phulpur Bombay City North Seats won 364 16 Popular vote 47,665,875 3,484,401 Percentage 44.99% 3.29% Prime Minister before election Jawaharlal Nehru INC Subsequent Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru INC", "title": "1951–52 Indian general election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jawaharlal Nehru (; Hindi: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] (listen); 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist, and subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He has been described by the Amar Chitra Katha as the architect of India. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru (Hindi, lit., \"Uncle Nehru\").The son of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani, Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple, where he trained to be a barrister. Upon his return to India, he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. A committed nationalist since his teenage years, he became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the prominent leader of the left-wing factions of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire Congress, with the tacit approval of his mentor, Gandhi. As Congress President in 1929, Nehru called for complete independence from the British Raj and instigated the Congress's decisive shift towards the left.", "title": "Jawaharlal Nehru" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist, and subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He has been described by the Amar Chitra Katha as the architect of India. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while Indian children knew him as \"Chacha Nehru\" (Hindi, lit., \"Uncle Nehru\").", "title": "Jawaharlal Nehru" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are a group of 20 public, autonomous institutes of management education and research in India. They primarily offer postgraduate, doctoral and executive education programmes. The establishment of IIMs was initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, based on the recommendation of the Planning Commission.", "title": "Indian Institutes of Management" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Swatantra Party was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the Jawaharlal Nehru-dominated Indian National Congress's increasingly socialist and statist outlook.", "title": "Swatantra Party" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India's Chambal River. The dam is located in the Mandsaur, Neemuch districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of . The dam's foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 7 March 1954, and construction of the main dam was done by leading contractor Dwarka Das Agrawal & Associates and was completed in 1960. Additional dam structures were completed downstream in the 1970s.", "title": "Gandhi Sagar Dam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sl.No. District Headquarter Sub divisions (Tehsils) New Delhi Connaught Place Chanakyapuri Delhi Cantonment Vasant Vihar North Delhi Narela Model Town Narela Alipur North West Delhi Kanjhawala Rohini Kanjhawala Saraswati Vihar West Delhi Rajouri Garden Patel Nagar Punjabi Bagh Rajouri Garden 5 South West Delhi Dwarka Dwarka Najafgarh Kapashera 6 South Delhi Saket Saket Hauz Khas Mehrauli 7 South East Delhi Defence Colony Defence Colony Kalkaji Sarita Vihar 8 Central Delhi Daryaganj Kotwali Civil Lines Karol Bagh 9 North East Delhi Seelampur Seelampur Yamuna Vihar Karawal Nagar 10 Shahdara Shahdara Shahdara Seemapuri Vivek Vihar 11 East Delhi Preet Vihar Gandhi Nagar Preet Vihar Mayur Vihar", "title": "List of districts of Delhi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After independence, on 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru assumed office as the first Prime Minister of India and chose fifteen ministers to form the First Nehru ministry.", "title": "First Nehru ministry" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tata Centre is a high-rise located in Kolkata, India. It is located in the central business district of the city beside Jawaharlal Nehru Road.", "title": "Tata Centre" } ]	How many districts are in the city where Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is located?	11	[]	Title: 1951–52 Indian general election Passage: Indian general election, 1951 ← 1945 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952 1957 → All 489 seats in the Lok Sabha 245 seats were needed for a majority First party Second party Leader Jawaharlal Nehru Shripad Amrit Dange Party INC CPI Leader's seat Phulpur Bombay City North Seats won 364 16 Popular vote 47,665,875 3,484,401 Percentage 44.99% 3.29% Prime Minister before election Jawaharlal Nehru INC Subsequent Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru INC Title: Deepak Nayyar Passage: Deepak Nayyar (born 1946) is Professor of Economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and Chairperson of the Board of Governors of Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) New Delhi. He has taught at the University of Oxford, the University of Sussex, the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM-C), and the New School for Social Research, New York City. He was Vice Chancellor of the University of Delhi from 2000 to 2005. Title: Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya Passage: Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya, was born in Dwarahat district of Almora in Uttarakhand, India. He joined Pandit Motilal Nehru as his personal secretary in 1923. After the death of Pandit Motilal Nehru, he was retained by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, with whom he remained associated till the latter's death. Upadhyaya was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Satna constituency in the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh in 1952. He was re-elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 and 1962 from Rewa in Madhya Pradesh. In 1967 he was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha. He was awarded the Padmasri in 1983. He remained closely associated with the Nehru-Gandhi family right from 1923 till his death in 1984 and finds mention in Jawaharlal Nehru's Last Will & Testament. Title: First Nehru ministry Passage: After independence, on 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru assumed office as the first Prime Minister of India and chose fifteen ministers to form the First Nehru ministry. Title: Five-Year Plans of India Passage: The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the First Five - Year Plan to the Parliament of India and needed urgent attention. The First Five - year Plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of the primary sector. The First Five - Year Plan was based on the Harrod -- Domar model with few modifications. Title: Century Lotus Stadium Passage: Century Lotus Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Foshan, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 36,686 people and was built in 2005. It hosted a first round match between China and Myanmar during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying. This building has a design similar to the reconstructed Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi built by the same designers. Title: Children's Day (India) Passage: The celebration of Children's Day in India has its roots back to 1959. Prior to the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, India is celebrating Children's Day on November 20 (the date observed as Universal Children's Day by the United Nations). After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, it was unanimously decided to celebrate his birthday as or Children's Day in India. Title: Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo Passage: ``Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo ''(Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगो;`` O 'people of my country'') is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino - Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war. Title: New Delhi Passage: Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex. Title: Indira Gandhi Passage: Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindustani: (ˈɪnːdɪrə ˈɡaːnd̪ɦi) (listen); née Nehru; 19 November 1917 -- 31 October 1984) was an Indian stateswoman and central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, the only female Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi belonged to the Nehru -- Gandhi family and was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Indian prime minister. Despite her surname Gandhi, she is not related to the family of Mahatma Gandhi. She served as Prime Minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest - serving Indian prime minister after her father. Title: Jawaharlal Nehru Passage: Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist, and subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He has been described by the Amar Chitra Katha as the architect of India. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while Indian children knew him as "Chacha Nehru" (Hindi, lit., "Uncle Nehru"). Title: Tata Centre Passage: Tata Centre is a high-rise located in Kolkata, India. It is located in the central business district of the city beside Jawaharlal Nehru Road. Title: Jawaharlal Nehru Passage: Jawaharlal Nehru (; Hindi: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] (listen); 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist, and subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He has been described by the Amar Chitra Katha as the architect of India. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru (Hindi, lit., "Uncle Nehru").The son of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani, Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple, where he trained to be a barrister. Upon his return to India, he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. A committed nationalist since his teenage years, he became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the prominent leader of the left-wing factions of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire Congress, with the tacit approval of his mentor, Gandhi. As Congress President in 1929, Nehru called for complete independence from the British Raj and instigated the Congress's decisive shift towards the left. Title: List of districts of Delhi Passage: Sl.No. District Headquarter Sub divisions (Tehsils) New Delhi Connaught Place Chanakyapuri Delhi Cantonment Vasant Vihar North Delhi Narela Model Town Narela Alipur North West Delhi Kanjhawala Rohini Kanjhawala Saraswati Vihar West Delhi Rajouri Garden Patel Nagar Punjabi Bagh Rajouri Garden 5 South West Delhi Dwarka Dwarka Najafgarh Kapashera 6 South Delhi Saket Saket Hauz Khas Mehrauli 7 South East Delhi Defence Colony Defence Colony Kalkaji Sarita Vihar 8 Central Delhi Daryaganj Kotwali Civil Lines Karol Bagh 9 North East Delhi Seelampur Seelampur Yamuna Vihar Karawal Nagar 10 Shahdara Shahdara Shahdara Seemapuri Vivek Vihar 11 East Delhi Preet Vihar Gandhi Nagar Preet Vihar Mayur Vihar Title: Talat Ahmad Passage: During his first tenure, Talat Ahmad was recommended for the position of Vice-Chancellor, University of Kashmir by a search committee headed by former member of Planning Commission, Prof. Abid Hussain, former Indian Ambassador to USA, and comprising Professor G. K. Chadha, CEO, South Asian University and former Vice-Chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and Prof. Seyed E. Hasnain, an eminent Scientist and former Vice-Chancellor of University of Hyderabad. Title: Jallianwala Bagh massacre Passage: A trust was founded in 1920 to build a memorial at the site after a resolution was passed by the Indian National Congress. In 1923, the trust purchased land for the project. A memorial, designed by American architect Benjamin Polk, was built on the site and inaugurated by President of India Rajendra Prasad on 13 April 1961, in the presence of Jawaharlal Nehru and other leaders. A flame was later added to the site. Title: Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo Passage: ``Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo ''(Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगों;`` O 'people of my country'') is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino - Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war. Title: Gandhi Sagar Dam Passage: The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India's Chambal River. The dam is located in the Mandsaur, Neemuch districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of . The dam's foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 7 March 1954, and construction of the main dam was done by leading contractor Dwarka Das Agrawal & Associates and was completed in 1960. Additional dam structures were completed downstream in the 1970s. Title: Indian Institutes of Management Passage: The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are a group of 20 public, autonomous institutes of management education and research in India. They primarily offer postgraduate, doctoral and executive education programmes. The establishment of IIMs was initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, based on the recommendation of the Planning Commission. Title: Swatantra Party Passage: The Swatantra Party was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the Jawaharlal Nehru-dominated Indian National Congress's increasingly socialist and statist outlook.	[ "New Delhi", "List of districts of Delhi" ]
3hop1__3152_3356_68437	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State of North Carolina Flag Seal Nickname (s): Old North State; Tar Heel State Motto (s): Esse quam videri: ``To be, rather than to seem ''(official); First in Flight: First in Freedom Official language English Spoken languages As of 2000 English 90.70% Spanish 6.18% Demonym North Carolinian (official); Tar Heel (colloquial) Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro Charlotte metro area Area Ranked 28th Total 53,819 sq mi (139,390 km) Width 170 miles (261 km) Length 560 miles (901 km)% water 9.5 Latitude 33 ° 50 ′ N to 36 ° 35 ′ N Longitude 75 ° 28 ′ W to 84 ° 19 ′ W Population Ranked 9th Total 10,146,788 (2016 est.) Density 208.7 / sq mi (80.6 / km) Ranked 15th Median household income $50,797 (38th) Elevation Highest point Mount Mitchell 6,684 ft (2037 m) Mean 700 ft (210 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean sea level Before statehood Province of North Carolina Admission to Union November 21, 1789 (12th) Governor Roy Cooper (D) Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest (R) Legislature General Assembly Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Richard Burr (R) Thom Tillis (R) U.S. House delegation 10 Republicans 3 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NC Abbreviations NC, N.C. Website www.nc.gov", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"In My Head\" is a song by American singer Jason Derulo, released as the second single from his self-titled debut studio album. It was first released via digital download on December 10, 2009. It topped the charts in Australia, Poland and the United Kingdom, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in several other countries. The song's official remix has a heavier R&B sound, and features American rapper Nicki Minaj. Derulo performed the song on the ninth season of \"American Idol\".", "title": "In My Head (Jason Derulo song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 25, 2011, after 122.4 million votes were cast for the finale (and nearly 750 million votes for the seasonal total), Scotty McCreery was crowned the winner of the tenth season of American Idol, making him the youngest male winner at 17 years and seven months old, and the second youngest winner ever behind season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Season 10 was the first season where 11 contestants went on tour instead of 10. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists are Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina, Haley Reinhart, James Durbin, Casey Abrams, Stefano Langone, Pia Toscano and Naima Adedapo.", "title": "American Idol (season 10)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended. The single, \"A Moment Like This\", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Guarini did not release any song immediately after the show and remains the only runner-up not to do so. Both Clarkson and Guarini made a musical film, From Justin to Kelly, which was released in 2003 but was widely panned. Clarkson has since become the most successful Idol contestant internationally, with worldwide album sales of more than 23 million.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Automatic\" is the second song released by \"Pop Idol\" contestant Sarah Whatmore. The song was originally due to be included on her debut album, however the album was cancelled.", "title": "Automatic (Sarah Whatmore song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of \"I Walk the Line\" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most popular contestants are usually not revealed in the results show. Instead, typically the three contestants (two in later rounds) who received the lowest number of votes are called to the center of the stage. One of these three is usually sent to safety; however the two remaining are not necessarily the bottom two. The contestant with the fewest votes is then revealed and eliminated from the competition. A montage of the eliminated contestant's time on the show is played and they give their final performance. However, in season six, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in season eight, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a \"Judges' Save\" if they unanimously agree to. \"The save\" can only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took place in the week following the activation of the save, but in the eleventh and thirteenth seasons, a regular single elimination took place. The save was not activated in the twelfth season and consequently, a non-elimination took place in the week after its expiration with the votes then carrying over into the following week.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"De vogels van Holland\" (\"The birds of Holland\") was the first Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (the only edition of the contest at which two entries per country were allowed). It was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt and performed in Dutch by Jetty Paerl. The song is particularly significant for being the first song performed in Eurovision Song Contest history, and the first of many to sing the praises of the singer's homeland.", "title": "De vogels van Holland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted \"The American Idol Experience\" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a \"finals\" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a \"Dream Ticket\" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Last Song I'll Write for You ''is a song recorded by American Idol season 7 winner and singer - songwriter David Cook. It was released independently as a single through Cook's imprint Analog Heart Music on May 4, 2012, following his departure from RCA Records.", "title": "The Last Song I'll Write for You" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called \"Hollywood or Home\" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\"", "title": "American Idol" } ]	When was the US state having the American Idol contestant performing a Fuel song on this season added to the union?	November 21, 1789	[]	Title: Automatic (Sarah Whatmore song) Passage: "Automatic" is the second song released by "Pop Idol" contestant Sarah Whatmore. The song was originally due to be included on her debut album, however the album was cancelled. Title: American Idol (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three. Title: De vogels van Holland Passage: "De vogels van Holland" ("The birds of Holland") was the first Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (the only edition of the contest at which two entries per country were allowed). It was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt and performed in Dutch by Jetty Paerl. The song is particularly significant for being the first song performed in Eurovision Song Contest history, and the first of many to sing the praises of the singer's homeland. Title: American Idol Passage: In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called "Hollywood or Home" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood. Title: American Idol (season 10) Passage: On May 25, 2011, after 122.4 million votes were cast for the finale (and nearly 750 million votes for the seasonal total), Scotty McCreery was crowned the winner of the tenth season of American Idol, making him the youngest male winner at 17 years and seven months old, and the second youngest winner ever behind season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Season 10 was the first season where 11 contestants went on tour instead of 10. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists are Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina, Haley Reinhart, James Durbin, Casey Abrams, Stefano Langone, Pia Toscano and Naima Adedapo. Title: American Idol Passage: This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night. Title: The Last Song I'll Write for You Passage: ``The Last Song I'll Write for You ''is a song recorded by American Idol season 7 winner and singer - songwriter David Cook. It was released independently as a single through Cook's imprint Analog Heart Music on May 4, 2012, following his departure from RCA Records. Title: American Idol Passage: The most popular contestants are usually not revealed in the results show. Instead, typically the three contestants (two in later rounds) who received the lowest number of votes are called to the center of the stage. One of these three is usually sent to safety; however the two remaining are not necessarily the bottom two. The contestant with the fewest votes is then revealed and eliminated from the competition. A montage of the eliminated contestant's time on the show is played and they give their final performance. However, in season six, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in season eight, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a "Judges' Save" if they unanimously agree to. "The save" can only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took place in the week following the activation of the save, but in the eleventh and thirteenth seasons, a regular single elimination took place. The save was not activated in the twelfth season and consequently, a non-elimination took place in the week after its expiration with the votes then carrying over into the following week. Title: American Idol Passage: In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended. The single, "A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Guarini did not release any song immediately after the show and remains the only runner-up not to do so. Both Clarkson and Guarini made a musical film, From Justin to Kelly, which was released in 2003 but was widely panned. Clarkson has since become the most successful Idol contestant internationally, with worldwide album sales of more than 23 million. Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season. Title: American Idol Passage: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States. Title: American Idol Passage: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a "Dream Ticket" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014. Title: North Carolina Passage: State of North Carolina Flag Seal Nickname (s): Old North State; Tar Heel State Motto (s): Esse quam videri: ``To be, rather than to seem ''(official); First in Flight: First in Freedom Official language English Spoken languages As of 2000 English 90.70% Spanish 6.18% Demonym North Carolinian (official); Tar Heel (colloquial) Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro Charlotte metro area Area Ranked 28th Total 53,819 sq mi (139,390 km) Width 170 miles (261 km) Length 560 miles (901 km)% water 9.5 Latitude 33 ° 50 ′ N to 36 ° 35 ′ N Longitude 75 ° 28 ′ W to 84 ° 19 ′ W Population Ranked 9th Total 10,146,788 (2016 est.) Density 208.7 / sq mi (80.6 / km) Ranked 15th Median household income $50,797 (38th) Elevation Highest point Mount Mitchell 6,684 ft (2037 m) Mean 700 ft (210 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean sea level Before statehood Province of North Carolina Admission to Union November 21, 1789 (12th) Governor Roy Cooper (D) Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest (R) Legislature General Assembly Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Richard Burr (R) Thom Tillis (R) U.S. House delegation 10 Republicans 3 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NC Abbreviations NC, N.C. Website www.nc.gov Title: In My Head (Jason Derulo song) Passage: "In My Head" is a song by American singer Jason Derulo, released as the second single from his self-titled debut studio album. It was first released via digital download on December 10, 2009. It topped the charts in Australia, Poland and the United Kingdom, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in several other countries. The song's official remix has a heavier R&B sound, and features American rapper Nicki Minaj. Derulo performed the song on the ninth season of "American Idol". Title: American Idol Passage: The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three. Title: American Idol Passage: The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South. Title: American Idol Passage: With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten. Title: American Idol Passage: Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result. Title: American Idol (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three. Title: American Idol Passage: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys."	[ "American Idol", "North Carolina", "American Idol" ]
2hop__75174_377721	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Scarface (Push It to the Limit) ''is a song written by record producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte and recorded by American musician Paul Engemann. It appeared on the soundtrack for the 1983 motion picture Scarface. This song appears in the movie in the montage sequence that demonstrates Tony Montana's rise in wealth and position after he kills Frank Lopez (Robert Loggia) and takes over as the head cocaine trafficker in Miami. In the film, the song appeared in a slightly longer version, featuring a guitar solo during the instrumental break. This version was eventually released on a 12 - inch single LP with the guitar solo included.", "title": "Scarface (Push It to the Limit)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The History of Eric Clapton is a compilation double LP, released in 1972 by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom, and Atco Records in the United States. It features Eric Clapton performing in various bands between 1964 and 1970, including The Yardbirds, Cream, Blind Faith and Derek and the Dominos.", "title": "The History of Eric Clapton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Requia (subtitled and other compositions for guitar solo) is the eighth album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey. Released in November 1967, it was the first of Fahey's two releases on the Vanguard label.", "title": "Requia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Becker plays a guitar solo on the song, one of the few on Aja. Steely Dan biographer Brian Sweet particularly praised his solo, calling it ``a real stormer. ''Fagen sings the lead vocals. The other musicians on the song include Chuck Rainey on bass guitar, Victor Feldman on electric piano and Larry Carlton and Dean Parks on guitar. The drummer is Jim Keltner, who critic Victor Aaron particularly praises for a fill that restarts the song near the end after a brief pause.", "title": "Josie (Steely Dan song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``While My Guitar Gently Weeps ''Cover of the Apple Publishing sheet music Song by the Beatles from the album The Beatles Published Harrisongs Released 22 November 1968 (1968 - 11 - 22) Recorded 5 -- 6 September 1968 Studio EMI Studios, London Genre Heavy rock, blues Length 4: 46 Label Apple Songwriter (s) George Harrison Producer (s) George Martin Audio sample file help", "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Party is the fifth solo studio album by American rock singer Iggy Pop. It was released in June 1981 by record label Arista. For this record, Pop collaborated with Ivan Kral, who is best known as the guitar and bass player for Patti Smith in the 1970s.", "title": "Party (Iggy Pop album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acoustic Visions is the sixth solo album by electric guitar player David T. Chastain. This album is notable because it is the first album by David T. Chastain to be entirely recorded with acoustic guitars. Chastain also mixed, engineered, digitally edited, sequenced, and produced the album himself.", "title": "Acoustic Visions" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Solo Guitar of Bola Sete is an album by Brazilian guitarist Bola Sete, released in 1965 through Fantasy Records.", "title": "The Solo Guitar of Bola Sete" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To Sail, to Sail is a studio album of acoustic guitar solos by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith. It is Frith's first album of acoustic guitar solos and crosses musical borders with 16 tracks of classical, blues, folk and free improvisation. Frith dedicates each track to some of the important figures in his musical life, including Champion Jack Dupree, John Cage, Terry Riley, Daevid Allen, Barre Phillips and Davey Graham. The album was released on Tzadik Records' Key Series in 2008.", "title": "To Sail, to Sail" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Vandervelde is an American indie pop songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is known for his solo work and his studio collaborations with Wilco's Jay Bennett. Vandervelde is a multi instrumentalist/ singer songwriter/ recording engineer/ producer. He plays drums, piano, guitars, bass and various analog synthesizers.", "title": "David Vandervelde" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Joel - vocals, piano and electric piano Dave Brown - electric guitar Richie Cannata - saxophone solo Liberty DeVitto - drums and percussion Russell Javors - electric guitar Doug Stegmeyer - bass guitar", "title": "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zero Tolerance for Silence is a studio album by American jazz guitarist Pat Metheny that was released by Geffen Records label in 1994. The album was recorded in one day and consists of improvised, solo electric guitar.", "title": "Zero Tolerance for Silence" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``While My Guitar Gently Weeps ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as`` the White Album''). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed a lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution.", "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Here Comes the Sun ''is a song written by George Harrison that was first released on the Beatles' 1969 album Abbey Road. Along with`` Something'' and ``While My Guitar Gently Weeps '', it is one of Harrison's best - known compositions from the Beatles era. The song was written at the country house of his friend Eric Clapton, where Harrison had chosen to play truant for the day, to avoid attending a meeting at the Beatles' Apple Corps organisation. The lyrics reflect the composer's relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band's business affairs.", "title": "Here Comes the Sun" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a \"grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound\" on records such as James Cotton's \"Cotton Crop Blues\" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental \"Rumble\" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as \"Let's Go Trippin'\" (1961) and \"Misirlou\" (1962).", "title": "Hard rock" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Included on the group's 1972 album Be Altitude: Respect Yourself, ``I'll Take You There ''features lead singer Mavis Staples inviting her listeners to seek heaven. The song is`` almost completely a call - and - response chorus'', (1) with the introduction being lifted from ``The Liquidator '', a 1969 reggae hit by the Harry J Allstars. In fact, the entire song, written in the key of C, contains but two chords, C and F. A large portion of the song is set aside for Mavis' sisters Cleotha and Yvonne and their father`` Pops'' to seemingly perform solos on their respective instruments. In actuality, these solos (and all music in the song) were recorded by the famed Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. When Mavis Staples says ``Daddy, now, Daddy, Daddy ''(referring to`` Pop's'' guitar solo), it is actually Eddie Hinton who performs the solo on record. Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section bass player David Hood performs the song's famed bass line. Terry Manning added harmonica and lead electric guitar. Roger Hawkins played drums, Barry Beckett was on electric piano, and Jimmy Johnson and Raymond Banks contributed guitar parts. The horn and string parts were arranged by Detroit arranger Johnny Allen. The horns and strings were recorded at Artie Fields Recording Studios in Detroit Michigan.", "title": "I'll Take You There" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zane Banks (born 1986) is an Australian guitarist from Sydney, who plays both classical and electric guitars in a variety of musical genres. Banks premiered the 1-hour long solo electric guitar work, \"Ingwe\", by composer Georges Lentz.", "title": "Zane Banks" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Jackson -- lead vocals, background vocals, drum case beater Paul Jackson Jr. -- rhythm guitar Steve Lukather -- lead guitar, bass guitar Eddie Van Halen -- guitar solo Steve Porcaro -- synthesizer, synthesizer programming Greg Phillinganes -- Rhodes, synthesizer Bill Wolfer -- keyboards Tom Bahler -- Synclavier Jeff Porcaro -- drums", "title": "Beat It" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Moog were a Hungarian indie rock band based in Budapest, Hungary formed in 2004. The group is noted for being the first in the region to be signed to an American record label. The band consists of members Tamás Szabó (vocals, keyboard), Gergő Dorozsmai (drums, percussion), Ádám Bajor (guitar), Gergő (a.k.a. Miguel) György (guitar) and Csaba Szabó (bass guitar). The Moog have been compared to bands The Strokes and The Hives and dubbed \"Hungary’s hottest new export\".", "title": "The Moog" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walk Through Exits Only is the debut solo album by former Pantera frontman Phil Anselmo. It was released in July 16, 2013 under Anselmo's own label, Housecore Records. This album has been compared to Pantera's 1996 album The Great Southern Trendkill due to Anselmo's extreme vocals and very heavy guitar riffs.", "title": "Walk Through Exits Only" } ]	What is the record label for the performer who played the guitar solo on While My Guitar Gently Weeps?	Atco Records	[]	Title: To Sail, to Sail Passage: To Sail, to Sail is a studio album of acoustic guitar solos by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith. It is Frith's first album of acoustic guitar solos and crosses musical borders with 16 tracks of classical, blues, folk and free improvisation. Frith dedicates each track to some of the important figures in his musical life, including Champion Jack Dupree, John Cage, Terry Riley, Daevid Allen, Barre Phillips and Davey Graham. The album was released on Tzadik Records' Key Series in 2008. Title: Hard rock Passage: The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental "Rumble" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962). Title: Josie (Steely Dan song) Passage: Becker plays a guitar solo on the song, one of the few on Aja. Steely Dan biographer Brian Sweet particularly praised his solo, calling it ``a real stormer. ''Fagen sings the lead vocals. The other musicians on the song include Chuck Rainey on bass guitar, Victor Feldman on electric piano and Larry Carlton and Dean Parks on guitar. The drummer is Jim Keltner, who critic Victor Aaron particularly praises for a fill that restarts the song near the end after a brief pause. Title: The History of Eric Clapton Passage: The History of Eric Clapton is a compilation double LP, released in 1972 by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom, and Atco Records in the United States. It features Eric Clapton performing in various bands between 1964 and 1970, including The Yardbirds, Cream, Blind Faith and Derek and the Dominos. Title: Requia Passage: Requia (subtitled and other compositions for guitar solo) is the eighth album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey. Released in November 1967, it was the first of Fahey's two releases on the Vanguard label. Title: Zane Banks Passage: Zane Banks (born 1986) is an Australian guitarist from Sydney, who plays both classical and electric guitars in a variety of musical genres. Banks premiered the 1-hour long solo electric guitar work, "Ingwe", by composer Georges Lentz. Title: David Vandervelde Passage: David Vandervelde is an American indie pop songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is known for his solo work and his studio collaborations with Wilco's Jay Bennett. Vandervelde is a multi instrumentalist/ singer songwriter/ recording engineer/ producer. He plays drums, piano, guitars, bass and various analog synthesizers. Title: Zero Tolerance for Silence Passage: Zero Tolerance for Silence is a studio album by American jazz guitarist Pat Metheny that was released by Geffen Records label in 1994. The album was recorded in one day and consists of improvised, solo electric guitar. Title: Party (Iggy Pop album) Passage: Party is the fifth solo studio album by American rock singer Iggy Pop. It was released in June 1981 by record label Arista. For this record, Pop collaborated with Ivan Kral, who is best known as the guitar and bass player for Patti Smith in the 1970s. Title: Acoustic Visions Passage: Acoustic Visions is the sixth solo album by electric guitar player David T. Chastain. This album is notable because it is the first album by David T. Chastain to be entirely recorded with acoustic guitars. Chastain also mixed, engineered, digitally edited, sequenced, and produced the album himself. Title: The Moog Passage: The Moog were a Hungarian indie rock band based in Budapest, Hungary formed in 2004. The group is noted for being the first in the region to be signed to an American record label. The band consists of members Tamás Szabó (vocals, keyboard), Gergő Dorozsmai (drums, percussion), Ádám Bajor (guitar), Gergő (a.k.a. Miguel) György (guitar) and Csaba Szabó (bass guitar). The Moog have been compared to bands The Strokes and The Hives and dubbed "Hungary’s hottest new export". Title: It's Still Rock and Roll to Me Passage: Billy Joel - vocals, piano and electric piano Dave Brown - electric guitar Richie Cannata - saxophone solo Liberty DeVitto - drums and percussion Russell Javors - electric guitar Doug Stegmeyer - bass guitar Title: Beat It Passage: Michael Jackson -- lead vocals, background vocals, drum case beater Paul Jackson Jr. -- rhythm guitar Steve Lukather -- lead guitar, bass guitar Eddie Van Halen -- guitar solo Steve Porcaro -- synthesizer, synthesizer programming Greg Phillinganes -- Rhodes, synthesizer Bill Wolfer -- keyboards Tom Bahler -- Synclavier Jeff Porcaro -- drums Title: Here Comes the Sun Passage: ``Here Comes the Sun ''is a song written by George Harrison that was first released on the Beatles' 1969 album Abbey Road. Along with`` Something'' and ``While My Guitar Gently Weeps '', it is one of Harrison's best - known compositions from the Beatles era. The song was written at the country house of his friend Eric Clapton, where Harrison had chosen to play truant for the day, to avoid attending a meeting at the Beatles' Apple Corps organisation. The lyrics reflect the composer's relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band's business affairs. Title: Scarface (Push It to the Limit) Passage: ``Scarface (Push It to the Limit) ''is a song written by record producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte and recorded by American musician Paul Engemann. It appeared on the soundtrack for the 1983 motion picture Scarface. This song appears in the movie in the montage sequence that demonstrates Tony Montana's rise in wealth and position after he kills Frank Lopez (Robert Loggia) and takes over as the head cocaine trafficker in Miami. In the film, the song appeared in a slightly longer version, featuring a guitar solo during the instrumental break. This version was eventually released on a 12 - inch single LP with the guitar solo included. Title: While My Guitar Gently Weeps Passage: ``While My Guitar Gently Weeps ''Cover of the Apple Publishing sheet music Song by the Beatles from the album The Beatles Published Harrisongs Released 22 November 1968 (1968 - 11 - 22) Recorded 5 -- 6 September 1968 Studio EMI Studios, London Genre Heavy rock, blues Length 4: 46 Label Apple Songwriter (s) George Harrison Producer (s) George Martin Audio sample file help Title: Walk Through Exits Only Passage: Walk Through Exits Only is the debut solo album by former Pantera frontman Phil Anselmo. It was released in July 16, 2013 under Anselmo's own label, Housecore Records. This album has been compared to Pantera's 1996 album The Great Southern Trendkill due to Anselmo's extreme vocals and very heavy guitar riffs. Title: I'll Take You There Passage: Included on the group's 1972 album Be Altitude: Respect Yourself, ``I'll Take You There ''features lead singer Mavis Staples inviting her listeners to seek heaven. The song is`` almost completely a call - and - response chorus'', (1) with the introduction being lifted from ``The Liquidator '', a 1969 reggae hit by the Harry J Allstars. In fact, the entire song, written in the key of C, contains but two chords, C and F. A large portion of the song is set aside for Mavis' sisters Cleotha and Yvonne and their father`` Pops'' to seemingly perform solos on their respective instruments. In actuality, these solos (and all music in the song) were recorded by the famed Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. When Mavis Staples says ``Daddy, now, Daddy, Daddy ''(referring to`` Pop's'' guitar solo), it is actually Eddie Hinton who performs the solo on record. Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section bass player David Hood performs the song's famed bass line. Terry Manning added harmonica and lead electric guitar. Roger Hawkins played drums, Barry Beckett was on electric piano, and Jimmy Johnson and Raymond Banks contributed guitar parts. The horn and string parts were arranged by Detroit arranger Johnny Allen. The horns and strings were recorded at Artie Fields Recording Studios in Detroit Michigan. Title: The Solo Guitar of Bola Sete Passage: The Solo Guitar of Bola Sete is an album by Brazilian guitarist Bola Sete, released in 1965 through Fantasy Records. Title: While My Guitar Gently Weeps Passage: ``While My Guitar Gently Weeps ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as`` the White Album''). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed a lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution.	[ "The History of Eric Clapton", "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" ]
2hop__288188_872	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Libération commented: \"The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro.\" Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so, and that they had acted on their own initiative. A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer, knocked unconscious, and had to be sent to hospital.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that \"after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them.\" Wang and Nyima state that, despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there, these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces. However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet. John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan, which the Marquis Mu Ying (沐英) was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu. Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals. Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The assault troops, mostly from the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), landed at night on the western (Aegean Sea) side of the peninsula. They were put ashore one mile (1.6 km) north of their intended landing beach. In the darkness, the assault formations became mixed up, but the troops gradually made their way inland, under increasing opposition from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. Not long after coming ashore the ANZAC plans were discarded, and the companies and battalions were thrown into battle piece - meal, and received mixed orders. Some advanced to their designated objectives while others were diverted to other areas, then ordered to dig in along defensive ridge lines.", "title": "Landing at Anzac Cove" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that \"there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention\" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Authorized to proceed, Banning's first act is to save Connor, whom Kang plans to use to force Asher to reveal his Cerberus code. Banning finds Connor hiding in the walls, thanks to the training he had given him, and sneaks the boy to safety. Banning begins reconnaissance and reduces the terrorists' numbers. Banning kills Forbes, first convincing the traitor to report to Kang that Banning is dead. Meanwhile, Army Chief of Staff General Edward Clegg (Robert Forster) convinces Trumbull to order an aerial SEAL assault on the White House. Kang discovers the assault force and activates the Hydra 6, an advanced anti-aircraft system built by the military. Discovering the system, Banning advises Trumbull and Clegg to abort the mission, but the new weapon system annihilates most of the assault force before Banning can stop it. Kang retaliates for the infiltration by killing Vice President Charlie Rodriguez (Phil Austin).", "title": "Olympus Has Fallen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event. Tibetans eat Guthuk (barley noodle soup with filling) on New Year's Eve with their families. The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month. It involves dancing and participating in sports events, as well as sharing picnics. The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama's order.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The SAR 21 (\"Singapore Assault Rifle - 21st Century\") is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in Singapore. First revealed and subsequently adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1999, it was designed and developed over a four-year period and was intended to replace the locally license-built M16S1 by the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Singapore Army and the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics). Many of its design features are directly intended to counter the weaknesses of the M16S1 as encountered operationally by some infantrymen.", "title": "SAR 21" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Carthaginians endured the siege, starting 149 BC to the spring of 146 BC, when Scipio Aemilianus successfully assaulted the city. Though the Punic citizens offered a strong resistance, they were gradually pushed back by the overwhelming Roman military force and destroyed.", "title": "Third Punic War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The AK-63 (also known in Hungarian military service as the AMM) is a Hungarian variant of the AKM assault rifle manufactured by the Fegyver- és Gépgyár (FÉG) state arms plant in Hungary. It is currently used by the Hungarian Ground Forces as its standard infantry weapon, and by most other branches of the Hungarian Defence Forces.", "title": "AK-63" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sherman began writing in 1983. His first book, \"Knives in the Night\", was published in 1987 by the Ivy Book imprint of Ballantine Books as the first novel in Sherman's series, The Night Fighter. The series consists of six books, also including \"Main Force Assault\" (1987), \"Out of the Fire\" (1987), \"A Rock and a Hard Place\" (1988), \"A Nghu Night Falls\" (1988), and \"Charlie Don't Live Here Anymore\" (1989). In 1989, Sherman published \"There I Was: The War of Corporal Henry J Morris, USMC\" under Ivy Book.", "title": "David Sherman" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Liao Yiwu (; also known as Lao Wei (); born 16 June 1958 in Sichuan), is a Chinese author, reporter, musician, and poet. He is a critic of China's Communist regime, for which he has been imprisoned. His books, several of which are collections of interviews with ordinary people from the lower rungs of Chinese society, were published in Taiwan and Hong Kong but are banned in mainland China; some have been translated into English, French, German, Polish and Czech.", "title": "Liao Yiwu" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counterattacked Ichiki's surviving troops after daybreak, killing many more. All but 128 of the original 917 of the Ichiki Regiment's First Element died.", "title": "Battle of the Tenaru" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan. Wang and Nyima assert that this \"tribute-related trade\" of the Ming exchanging Chinese tea for Tibetan horses—while granting Tibetan envoys and Tibetan merchants explicit permission to trade with Han Chinese merchants—\"furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet\". Rossabi and Sperling note that this trade in Tibetan horses for Chinese tea existed long before the Ming. Peter C. Perdue says that Wang Anshi (1021–1086), realizing that China could not produce enough militarily capable steeds, had also aimed to obtain horses from Inner Asia in exchange for Chinese tea. The Chinese needed horses not only for cavalry but also as draft animals for the army's supply wagons. The Tibetans required Chinese tea not only as a common beverage but also as a religious ceremonial supplement. The Ming government imposed a monopoly on tea production and attempted to regulate this trade with state-supervised markets, but these collapsed in 1449 due to military failures and internal ecological and commercial pressures on the tea-producing regions.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poet Li Bai (Chinese: 《诗人李白》) is a Chinese-language chamber opera by Guo Wenjing to a libretto by Diana Liao (廖端丽) and Xu Ying (徐瑛) on the subject of the poet Li Bai. It was premiered, with subtitles, 7 July 2007 at the Central City Opera House, Central City, Colorado, directed by Lin Zhaohua, conducted by Ed Spanjaard, and produced by Martha Liao.", "title": "Poet Li Bai" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault is a first-person shooter video game, the story of which takes place during the Pacific War. It is the 7th installment of the \"Medal of Honor\" series.", "title": "Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Belfort (3 November 1870 – 18 February 1871) was a 103-day military assault and blockade of the city of Belfort, France by Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War. The French garrison held out until the January 1871 armistice between France and the German Empire obligated French forces to abandon the stronghold in February 1871.", "title": "Siege of Belfort" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234).", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541) is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006.", "title": "Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Official reports of the clash indicate that the U.S. force suffered 2 soldiers dead and 11 wounded, while an estimated 32 insurgents were killed (out of an estimated force of 40–70 fighters). From a military perspective, the battle was a complete victory for the U.S. forces, which detected and defeated an insurgent force before it could launch a planned assault on Ramadi. From a political perspective, the action revealed the continuing ability of al-Qaeda in Iraq to plan and assemble forces in their attempt to destabilize the Anbar region.", "title": "Battle of Donkey Island" } ]	Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into the birthplace of Liao Yiwu?	Ming general Qu Neng	[]	Title: Third Punic War Passage: The Carthaginians endured the siege, starting 149 BC to the spring of 146 BC, when Scipio Aemilianus successfully assaulted the city. Though the Punic citizens offered a strong resistance, they were gradually pushed back by the overwhelming Roman military force and destroyed. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that, despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there, these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces. However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet. John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan, which the Marquis Mu Ying (沐英) was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu. Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals. Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390. Title: SAR 21 Passage: The SAR 21 ("Singapore Assault Rifle - 21st Century") is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in Singapore. First revealed and subsequently adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1999, it was designed and developed over a four-year period and was intended to replace the locally license-built M16S1 by the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Singapore Army and the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics). Many of its design features are directly intended to counter the weaknesses of the M16S1 as encountered operationally by some infantrymen. Title: Battle of Donkey Island Passage: Official reports of the clash indicate that the U.S. force suffered 2 soldiers dead and 11 wounded, while an estimated 32 insurgents were killed (out of an estimated force of 40–70 fighters). From a military perspective, the battle was a complete victory for the U.S. forces, which detected and defeated an insurgent force before it could launch a planned assault on Ramadi. From a political perspective, the action revealed the continuing ability of al-Qaeda in Iraq to plan and assemble forces in their attempt to destabilize the Anbar region. Title: Liao Yiwu Passage: Liao Yiwu (; also known as Lao Wei (); born 16 June 1958 in Sichuan), is a Chinese author, reporter, musician, and poet. He is a critic of China's Communist regime, for which he has been imprisoned. His books, several of which are collections of interviews with ordinary people from the lower rungs of Chinese society, were published in Taiwan and Hong Kong but are banned in mainland China; some have been translated into English, French, German, Polish and Czech. Title: Tibet Passage: The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea. Title: Landing at Anzac Cove Passage: The assault troops, mostly from the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), landed at night on the western (Aegean Sea) side of the peninsula. They were put ashore one mile (1.6 km) north of their intended landing beach. In the darkness, the assault formations became mixed up, but the troops gradually made their way inland, under increasing opposition from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. Not long after coming ashore the ANZAC plans were discarded, and the companies and battalions were thrown into battle piece - meal, and received mixed orders. Some advanced to their designated objectives while others were diverted to other areas, then ordered to dig in along defensive ridge lines. Title: David Sherman Passage: Sherman began writing in 1983. His first book, "Knives in the Night", was published in 1987 by the Ivy Book imprint of Ballantine Books as the first novel in Sherman's series, The Night Fighter. The series consists of six books, also including "Main Force Assault" (1987), "Out of the Fire" (1987), "A Rock and a Hard Place" (1988), "A Nghu Night Falls" (1988), and "Charlie Don't Live Here Anymore" (1989). In 1989, Sherman published "There I Was: The War of Corporal Henry J Morris, USMC" under Ivy Book. Title: Poet Li Bai Passage: Poet Li Bai (Chinese: 《诗人李白》) is a Chinese-language chamber opera by Guo Wenjing to a libretto by Diana Liao (廖端丽) and Xu Ying (徐瑛) on the subject of the poet Li Bai. It was premiered, with subtitles, 7 July 2007 at the Central City Opera House, Central City, Colorado, directed by Lin Zhaohua, conducted by Ed Spanjaard, and produced by Martha Liao. Title: Olympus Has Fallen Passage: Authorized to proceed, Banning's first act is to save Connor, whom Kang plans to use to force Asher to reveal his Cerberus code. Banning finds Connor hiding in the walls, thanks to the training he had given him, and sneaks the boy to safety. Banning begins reconnaissance and reduces the terrorists' numbers. Banning kills Forbes, first convincing the traitor to report to Kang that Banning is dead. Meanwhile, Army Chief of Staff General Edward Clegg (Robert Forster) convinces Trumbull to order an aerial SEAL assault on the White House. Kang discovers the assault force and activates the Hydra 6, an advanced anti-aircraft system built by the military. Discovering the system, Banning advises Trumbull and Clegg to abort the mission, but the new weapon system annihilates most of the assault force before Banning can stop it. Kang retaliates for the infiltration by killing Vice President Charlie Rodriguez (Phil Austin). Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that "there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes. Title: Battle of the Tenaru Passage: Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counterattacked Ichiki's surviving troops after daybreak, killing many more. All but 128 of the original 917 of the Ichiki Regiment's First Element died. Title: Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 Passage: The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541) is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Libération commented: "The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro." Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so, and that they had acted on their own initiative. A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer, knocked unconscious, and had to be sent to hospital. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234). Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan. Wang and Nyima assert that this "tribute-related trade" of the Ming exchanging Chinese tea for Tibetan horses—while granting Tibetan envoys and Tibetan merchants explicit permission to trade with Han Chinese merchants—"furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet". Rossabi and Sperling note that this trade in Tibetan horses for Chinese tea existed long before the Ming. Peter C. Perdue says that Wang Anshi (1021–1086), realizing that China could not produce enough militarily capable steeds, had also aimed to obtain horses from Inner Asia in exchange for Chinese tea. The Chinese needed horses not only for cavalry but also as draft animals for the army's supply wagons. The Tibetans required Chinese tea not only as a common beverage but also as a religious ceremonial supplement. The Ming government imposed a monopoly on tea production and attempted to regulate this trade with state-supervised markets, but these collapsed in 1449 due to military failures and internal ecological and commercial pressures on the tea-producing regions. Title: AK-63 Passage: The AK-63 (also known in Hungarian military service as the AMM) is a Hungarian variant of the AKM assault rifle manufactured by the Fegyver- és Gépgyár (FÉG) state arms plant in Hungary. It is currently used by the Hungarian Ground Forces as its standard infantry weapon, and by most other branches of the Hungarian Defence Forces. Title: Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault Passage: Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault is a first-person shooter video game, the story of which takes place during the Pacific War. It is the 7th installment of the "Medal of Honor" series. Title: Tibet Passage: Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event. Tibetans eat Guthuk (barley noodle soup with filling) on New Year's Eve with their families. The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month. It involves dancing and participating in sports events, as well as sharing picnics. The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama's order. Title: Siege of Belfort Passage: The Siege of Belfort (3 November 1870 – 18 February 1871) was a 103-day military assault and blockade of the city of Belfort, France by Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War. The French garrison held out until the January 1871 armistice between France and the German Empire obligated French forces to abandon the stronghold in February 1871.	[ "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "Liao Yiwu" ]
2hop__693900_71859	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florida's first constitution as a U.S. territory was written and implemented in 1838. On March 3, 1845, Florida was granted admission into the Union as the 27th state. The current Constitution of Florida was ratified on November 5, 1968, and has been modified by initiative and referendum several times since.", "title": "Constitution of Florida" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida. Originally the Spanish territory of La Florida, and later the provinces of East and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams -- Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council.", "title": "Florida Territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "December 23 / 24, 1989: Light rain in Jacksonville turns to freezing rain as temperatures drop, and later changes to snow. The snow totals several inches in some locations, and results in the first White Christmas in the city's history. Picture of the December 23, 1989, Jacksonville snowfall Light snow falls across central Florida as far south as southern Pinellas County on the 23rd, though the official weather station in St. Petersburg experiences only a light sleet.", "title": "Snow in Florida" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cold wave of January 1977 produced the only known trace of snow in the greater Miami area of Florida ever reported (though no snow was reported in the city of Miami). It occurred following the passage of a strong cold front, in combination with a high - pressure area situated over the Mississippi River Valley. As a result, cold air spewed across Florida, causing both snow flurries and record low temperatures. Most notably, the weather system brought snow flurries as far south as Homestead on January 19. Although other portions of the state have since experienced snowfall, no snow had ever been reported in south Florida before or since. Damage was most significant to agriculture, as major losses occurred to Citrus fruits and tender vegetables. Statewide, agricultural damage from the cold wave totaled to $350 million (1977 USD), and losses overall totaled to $2 billion (1977 USD). One fatality occurred due to an automobile accident in Central Florida, which was related to the cold wave.", "title": "Cold wave of January 1977" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "January 17, 2018: Snow and freezing rain is observed in portions of the Florida Panhandle. Snow fell in Crestview and DeFuniak Springs while freezing rain fell in Fort Walton Beach. Pensacola saw sleet which accumulated on grass and vehicles. The Bob Sikes Bridge to Pensacola Beach was closed due to ice.", "title": "Snow in Florida" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cold wave of January 1977 produced the only known trace of snow in the greater Miami area of Florida ever reported (it snowed in the city of Miami). It occurred following the passage of a strong cold front, in combination with a high - pressure area situated over the Mississippi River Valley. As a result, cold air spewed across Florida, causing both snow flurries and record low temperatures. Most notably, the weather system brought snow flurries (seen in the air, but not on the ground) as far south as Homestead on January 19. No snow had ever been reported in south Florida before or since. Damage was most significant to agriculture, as major losses occurred to Citrus fruits and tender vegetables. Statewide, agricultural damage from the cold wave totaled to $350 million (1977 USD), and losses overall totaled to $2 billion (1977 USD). One fatality occurred due to an automobile accident in Central Florida, which was related to the cold wave.", "title": "Cold wave of January 1977" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest flood in the recorded history of Oregon, Nevada, and California, occurring from December 1861 to January 1862, caused by an ARkStorm. It was preceded by weeks of continuous rains and snows in the very high elevations that began in Oregon in November 1861 and continued into January 1862. This was followed by a record amount of rain from January 9–12, and contributed to a flood that extended from the Columbia River southward in western Oregon, and through California to San Diego, and extended as far inland as Idaho in the Washington Territory, Nevada and Utah in the Utah Territory, and Arizona in the western New Mexico Territory. The ARkStorm dumped an equivalent of 10 feet of rainfall in California, in the form of rain and snow, over a period of 43 days. Immense snowfalls in the mountains of the far western United States caused more flooding in Idaho, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico the following spring and summer as the snow melted.", "title": "Great Flood of 1862" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colli Albani is a station on the Rome Metro. It is on Line A and is located in Largo dei Colli Albani, between the Furio Camillo and Arco di Travertino stations.", "title": "Colli Albani (Rome Metro)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Long Return, also known by the title Largo Retorno in Spain, is a 1975 Spanish romantic film, directed by Pedro Lazaga.", "title": "A Long Return" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821, to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson served as the federal military commissioner with the powers of governor of the newly - acquired territory, from March 10 through December of 1821. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of what formerly constituted West Florida into the Florida Territory. William Pope Duval became the first official governor of the Florida Territory and soon afterward the capital was established at Tallahassee, but only after removing a Seminole tribe from the land.", "title": "Florida Territory" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Stansel Taylor was a Largo, Florida politician, citrus grower, and businessman who served as the first State Senator from Pinellas County, Florida. He was born \"six miles south of Largo\" on March 21, 1871, before Largo became a municipality and when Pinellas County was still Western Hillsborough County. Taylor’s parents were among the Pinellas Peninsula's first pioneers, and he was one of the first residents to be born in the Largo area. He was one of four members of his family to serve in the State Legislature. He was one of the largest landowners in Pinellas County, owning citrus groves and a packing plant at a time when Largo was nicknamed \"Citrus City.\"", "title": "John Stansel Taylor" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property.", "title": "Kennedy Space Center" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleton House is located in the East Neuk of Fife, eastern Scotland. It lies around west of Colinsburgh, and east of Lower Largo. The house dates from the mid 18th century, with later additions, and is the home of Baron Bonde.", "title": "Charleton House" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" } ]	When did it snow in the county of Florida where Largo is located?	December 23	[]	Title: Kennedy Space Center Passage: The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property. Title: Charleton House Passage: Charleton House is located in the East Neuk of Fife, eastern Scotland. It lies around west of Colinsburgh, and east of Lower Largo. The house dates from the mid 18th century, with later additions, and is the home of Baron Bonde. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: John Stansel Taylor Passage: John Stansel Taylor was a Largo, Florida politician, citrus grower, and businessman who served as the first State Senator from Pinellas County, Florida. He was born "six miles south of Largo" on March 21, 1871, before Largo became a municipality and when Pinellas County was still Western Hillsborough County. Taylor’s parents were among the Pinellas Peninsula's first pioneers, and he was one of the first residents to be born in the Largo area. He was one of four members of his family to serve in the State Legislature. He was one of the largest landowners in Pinellas County, owning citrus groves and a packing plant at a time when Largo was nicknamed "Citrus City." Title: Florida Territory Passage: President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821, to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson served as the federal military commissioner with the powers of governor of the newly - acquired territory, from March 10 through December of 1821. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of what formerly constituted West Florida into the Florida Territory. William Pope Duval became the first official governor of the Florida Territory and soon afterward the capital was established at Tallahassee, but only after removing a Seminole tribe from the land. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Snow in Florida Passage: January 17, 2018: Snow and freezing rain is observed in portions of the Florida Panhandle. Snow fell in Crestview and DeFuniak Springs while freezing rain fell in Fort Walton Beach. Pensacola saw sleet which accumulated on grass and vehicles. The Bob Sikes Bridge to Pensacola Beach was closed due to ice. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: A Long Return Passage: A Long Return, also known by the title Largo Retorno in Spain, is a 1975 Spanish romantic film, directed by Pedro Lazaga. Title: Cold wave of January 1977 Passage: The Cold wave of January 1977 produced the only known trace of snow in the greater Miami area of Florida ever reported (it snowed in the city of Miami). It occurred following the passage of a strong cold front, in combination with a high - pressure area situated over the Mississippi River Valley. As a result, cold air spewed across Florida, causing both snow flurries and record low temperatures. Most notably, the weather system brought snow flurries (seen in the air, but not on the ground) as far south as Homestead on January 19. No snow had ever been reported in south Florida before or since. Damage was most significant to agriculture, as major losses occurred to Citrus fruits and tender vegetables. Statewide, agricultural damage from the cold wave totaled to $350 million (1977 USD), and losses overall totaled to $2 billion (1977 USD). One fatality occurred due to an automobile accident in Central Florida, which was related to the cold wave. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Florida Territory Passage: The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida. Originally the Spanish territory of La Florida, and later the provinces of East and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams -- Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council. Title: Colli Albani (Rome Metro) Passage: Colli Albani is a station on the Rome Metro. It is on Line A and is located in Largo dei Colli Albani, between the Furio Camillo and Arco di Travertino stations. Title: Constitution of Florida Passage: Florida's first constitution as a U.S. territory was written and implemented in 1838. On March 3, 1845, Florida was granted admission into the Union as the 27th state. The current Constitution of Florida was ratified on November 5, 1968, and has been modified by initiative and referendum several times since. Title: Snow in Florida Passage: December 23 / 24, 1989: Light rain in Jacksonville turns to freezing rain as temperatures drop, and later changes to snow. The snow totals several inches in some locations, and results in the first White Christmas in the city's history. Picture of the December 23, 1989, Jacksonville snowfall Light snow falls across central Florida as far south as southern Pinellas County on the 23rd, though the official weather station in St. Petersburg experiences only a light sleet. Title: Great Flood of 1862 Passage: The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest flood in the recorded history of Oregon, Nevada, and California, occurring from December 1861 to January 1862, caused by an ARkStorm. It was preceded by weeks of continuous rains and snows in the very high elevations that began in Oregon in November 1861 and continued into January 1862. This was followed by a record amount of rain from January 9–12, and contributed to a flood that extended from the Columbia River southward in western Oregon, and through California to San Diego, and extended as far inland as Idaho in the Washington Territory, Nevada and Utah in the Utah Territory, and Arizona in the western New Mexico Territory. The ARkStorm dumped an equivalent of 10 feet of rainfall in California, in the form of rain and snow, over a period of 43 days. Immense snowfalls in the mountains of the far western United States caused more flooding in Idaho, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico the following spring and summer as the snow melted. Title: Cold wave of January 1977 Passage: The Cold wave of January 1977 produced the only known trace of snow in the greater Miami area of Florida ever reported (though no snow was reported in the city of Miami). It occurred following the passage of a strong cold front, in combination with a high - pressure area situated over the Mississippi River Valley. As a result, cold air spewed across Florida, causing both snow flurries and record low temperatures. Most notably, the weather system brought snow flurries as far south as Homestead on January 19. Although other portions of the state have since experienced snowfall, no snow had ever been reported in south Florida before or since. Damage was most significant to agriculture, as major losses occurred to Citrus fruits and tender vegetables. Statewide, agricultural damage from the cold wave totaled to $350 million (1977 USD), and losses overall totaled to $2 billion (1977 USD). One fatality occurred due to an automobile accident in Central Florida, which was related to the cold wave. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.	[ "Snow in Florida", "John Stansel Taylor" ]
2hop__713294_543877	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "title": "Francesco Postiglione" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liu Xia (; born January 6, 1979 in Qingdao, Shandong) is a female Chinese judoka. She was the silver medalist in the -78 kg category at the 2004 Athens Olympics. She was the 2003 Summer Universiade gold medalist and won her first continental title at the 2007 Asian Judo Championships.", "title": "Liu Xia (judoka)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simone Kuhn (born 2 September 1980 in Wattwil) is a female professional beach volleyball player from Switzerland, who represented her native country at the beach volleyball tournaments of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In 2004, she partnered with Nicole Schnyder and lost all three pool matches. In 2008, she played alongside Lea Schwer and again lost all pool matches. In 2012, she partnered with Nadine Zumkehr and the pair reached the round of 16 where they were eliminated by the American pair of Jennifer Kessy and April Ross who went on to win silver.", "title": "Simone Kuhn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gao Chang (born January 29, 1987 in Jinan, Shandong, China) is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and who was a part of China's 2008 Olympic Team. She was part of the Chinese 4 x 100 m medley relay team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Gao Chang won the gold in the 50-metre backstroke final of 2010 Asian Games.", "title": "Gao Chang" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "title": "You Wenhui" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lee Mi-sun (born 19 February 1979) is a Korean former basketball player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Lee Mi-sun" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Okka Rau (born January 5, 1977 in Leer, Lower Saxony) is a female beach volleyball player from Germany, who won the gold medal at the 2003 European Championships in Alanya, partnering Stephanie Pohl. She represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.", "title": "Okka Rau" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claudio Liverziani (born 4 March 1975) is an Italian baseball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 2006 World Baseball Classic.", "title": "Claudio Liverziani" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chana Masson (born 18 December 1978 in Capinzal) is a Brazilian handball goalkeeper, who plays for Storhamar HE in Norway. She has represented the Brazilian national team in four Olympics. She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.", "title": "Chana Masson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "title": "Roberto Calcaterra" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Binchi (born 27 August 1975) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Leonardo Binchi" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sven Thiele (born 12 May 1969 in Merseburg) is a German former wrestler who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Sven Thiele" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Airiti Incorporation () headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan, is the leading Chinese e-content provider of Chinese academic e-journals, Taiwanese academic e-journals, classical art images to more than 450 libraries in 2006 and has extended to more than 72,000 libraries in 112 countries and territories around the world.", "title": "Airiti" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chinese Taipei left Athens with a total of five Olympic medals (two golds, two silver, and one bronze), being considered its most successful Olympics. Chinese Taipei's highlight of the Games came with a remarkable milestone for taekwondo jin Chen Shih-hsin and Chu Mu-yen, claiming the nation's first ever gold medals in Olympic history. Meanwhile, another taekwondo jin Huang Chih-hsiung picked up his second medal with a sterling silver in the men's lightweight division, adding it to his bronze from Sydney four years earlier.", "title": "Chinese Taipei at the 2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catharina \"Tini\" Wilhelmina Wagner (17 December 1919, Amsterdam – 2 June 2004, Soest) was a freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who represented her native country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.", "title": "Tini Wagner" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He won the silver medal in sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He also competed at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics, but has not won another medal. He placed 7th in both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he was the Belgian flag bearer during the opening ceremony. He ultimately placed 12th alongside his helmsman Carolijn Brouwer in the Tornado-class.", "title": "Sébastien Godefroid" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michelle Ballentine (born 31 August 1975, in Saint Catherine Parish) is a retired Jamaican athlete who specialised in the 800 metres. She represented her country at the 2004 Summer Olympics reaching the semifinals.", "title": "Michelle Ballentine" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shen Jianqiang (born 5 August 1964) is a Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics, in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics. Zhou Ming was his coach during the peak of his swimming career.", "title": "Shen Jianqiang" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "title": "Alessandra Cappa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrea Tóth (born October 4, 1980 in Budapest) is a female water polo player from Hungary, who competed for her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "title": "Andrea Tóth" } ]	How did the country where Airiti is headquartered perform at the 2004 Summer Olympics?	tw	[ "TW", "Chinese Taipei" ]	Title: Alessandra Cappa Passage: Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Title: You Wenhui Passage: You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics. Title: Liu Xia (judoka) Passage: Liu Xia (; born January 6, 1979 in Qingdao, Shandong) is a female Chinese judoka. She was the silver medalist in the -78 kg category at the 2004 Athens Olympics. She was the 2003 Summer Universiade gold medalist and won her first continental title at the 2007 Asian Judo Championships. Title: Gao Chang Passage: Gao Chang (born January 29, 1987 in Jinan, Shandong, China) is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and who was a part of China's 2008 Olympic Team. She was part of the Chinese 4 x 100 m medley relay team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Gao Chang won the gold in the 50-metre backstroke final of 2010 Asian Games. Title: Airiti Passage: Airiti Incorporation () headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan, is the leading Chinese e-content provider of Chinese academic e-journals, Taiwanese academic e-journals, classical art images to more than 450 libraries in 2006 and has extended to more than 72,000 libraries in 112 countries and territories around the world. Title: Shen Jianqiang Passage: Shen Jianqiang (born 5 August 1964) is a Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics, in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics. Zhou Ming was his coach during the peak of his swimming career. Title: Okka Rau Passage: Okka Rau (born January 5, 1977 in Leer, Lower Saxony) is a female beach volleyball player from Germany, who won the gold medal at the 2003 European Championships in Alanya, partnering Stephanie Pohl. She represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Title: Leonardo Binchi Passage: Leonardo Binchi (born 27 August 1975) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Title: Sébastien Godefroid Passage: He won the silver medal in sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He also competed at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics, but has not won another medal. He placed 7th in both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he was the Belgian flag bearer during the opening ceremony. He ultimately placed 12th alongside his helmsman Carolijn Brouwer in the Tornado-class. Title: Chana Masson Passage: Chana Masson (born 18 December 1978 in Capinzal) is a Brazilian handball goalkeeper, who plays for Storhamar HE in Norway. She has represented the Brazilian national team in four Olympics. She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Title: Lee Mi-sun Passage: Lee Mi-sun (born 19 February 1979) is a Korean former basketball player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Title: Andrea Tóth Passage: Andrea Tóth (born October 4, 1980 in Budapest) is a female water polo player from Hungary, who competed for her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Title: Tini Wagner Passage: Catharina "Tini" Wilhelmina Wagner (17 December 1919, Amsterdam – 2 June 2004, Soest) was a freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who represented her native country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. Title: Chinese Taipei at the 2004 Summer Olympics Passage: Chinese Taipei left Athens with a total of five Olympic medals (two golds, two silver, and one bronze), being considered its most successful Olympics. Chinese Taipei's highlight of the Games came with a remarkable milestone for taekwondo jin Chen Shih-hsin and Chu Mu-yen, claiming the nation's first ever gold medals in Olympic history. Meanwhile, another taekwondo jin Huang Chih-hsiung picked up his second medal with a sterling silver in the men's lightweight division, adding it to his bronze from Sydney four years earlier. Title: Francesco Postiglione Passage: Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA. Title: Claudio Liverziani Passage: Claudio Liverziani (born 4 March 1975) is an Italian baseball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 2006 World Baseball Classic. Title: Simone Kuhn Passage: Simone Kuhn (born 2 September 1980 in Wattwil) is a female professional beach volleyball player from Switzerland, who represented her native country at the beach volleyball tournaments of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In 2004, she partnered with Nicole Schnyder and lost all three pool matches. In 2008, she played alongside Lea Schwer and again lost all pool matches. In 2012, she partnered with Nadine Zumkehr and the pair reached the round of 16 where they were eliminated by the American pair of Jennifer Kessy and April Ross who went on to win silver. Title: Michelle Ballentine Passage: Michelle Ballentine (born 31 August 1975, in Saint Catherine Parish) is a retired Jamaican athlete who specialised in the 800 metres. She represented her country at the 2004 Summer Olympics reaching the semifinals. Title: Roberto Calcaterra Passage: Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Title: Sven Thiele Passage: Sven Thiele (born 12 May 1969 in Merseburg) is a German former wrestler who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.	[ "Airiti", "Chinese Taipei at the 2004 Summer Olympics" ]
4hop1__28235_74795_84660_74420	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016 Northern Ireland Choice Votes% Remain a member of the European Union 440,707 55.78% Leave the European Union 349,442 44.22% Valid votes 790,149 99.95% Invalid or blank votes 374 0.05% Total votes 790,523 100.00% Registered voters and turnout 1,260,955 62.69% Source: Electoral Commission", "title": "Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mali Federation () was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police) which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal.", "title": "Mali Federation" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted.", "title": "History of South Africa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU on 29 March 2019.", "title": "Brexit" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The final bidding dossiers had to be handed over before 1 August 2007. Switzerland withdrew on 29 May 2007, stating that Europe is heavily focused on France and Germany, and a third European bid appeared futile. On 27 August 2007, France also withdrew, reportedly in exchange for Germany's support for their bid to host the men's UEFA Euro 2016. Later Australia (12 October 2007) and Peru (17 October 2007) voluntarily dropped out of the race as well, leaving only Canada and Germany as the remaining candidates. On 30 October 2007, the FIFA Executive Committee voted to assign the tournament to Germany. Canada was eventually awarded the 2015 Women's World Cup four years later.Upon the selection, Germany became the third country to host both men's and women's World Cup, having hosted the men's twice in 1974 and 2006.", "title": "2011 FIFA Women's World Cup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example. This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues. Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Council of States, two representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council, with representatives elected from across the country). Referenda were made mandatory for any amendment of this constitution.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helicopter Canada (aka Hélicoptère Canada) is a 1966 Canadian documentary film produced by the National Film Board of Canada and directed by Eugene Boyko. The film features aerial photography of all ten of Canada's provinces. \"Helicopter Canada\", sponsored by the Canada's Centennial Commission, was produced for international distribution in both French and English language versions for Canada's 100th anniversary.", "title": "Helicopter Canada" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted.", "title": "History of South Africa" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout their history, the Liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom Menzies, in the era of the party's formation called \"The forgotten people\"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. In the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted Liberal.[citation needed] One effect of this was the success of a breakaway party, the Australian Democrats, founded in 1977 by former Liberal minister Don Chipp and members of minor liberal parties; other members of the left-leaning section of the middle-class became Labor supporters.[citation needed] On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats. In country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the Nationals, depending on various factors.", "title": "Liberal Party of Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With the end of the Seven Years' War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763), France ceded almost all of its remaining territory in mainland North America, except for fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon where its fishermen could dry their fish. France had already secretly ceded its vast Louisiana territory to Spain under the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) in which King Louis XV of France had given his cousin King Charles III of Spain the entire area of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. France and Spain kept the Treaty of Fontainebleau secret from other countries until 1764. In return for acquiring Canada, Britain returned to France its most important sugar - producing colony, Guadeloupe, which the French at the time considered more valuable than Canada. (Guadeloupe produced more sugar than all the British islands combined, and Voltaire had notoriously dismissed Canada as ``Quelques arpents de neige '',`` A few acres of snow'').", "title": "History of Canada" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self - governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government (and the bicameral legislatures) that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.", "title": "Federation of Australia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a 1978 federal by-election in the riding of Broadview, Clifford ran as the candidate for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada but lost by 420 votes to NDP candidate Bob Rae.", "title": "Tom Clifford" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Switzerland joined the Council of Europe in 1963. In 1979 areas from the canton of Bern attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new canton of Jura. On 18 April 1999 the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favour of a completely revised federal constitution.In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referendums on the EU issue; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application has been withdrawn. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eurocopter EC145 (now Airbus Helicopters H145) is a twin-engine light utility helicopter developed and manufactured by Eurocopter, which was rebranded as Airbus Helicopters in 2014. Originally referred to as the \"BK 117 C2\", the EC145 is based upon the MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 C1, which became a part of the combined Eurocopter line-up in 1992 with the merger of Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm's helicopter division of Daimler-Benz and the helicopter division of Aérospatiale-Matra to form Eurocopter.", "title": "Eurocopter EC145" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Soviet Strike\" is set after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and takes place in a fictionalised Russia, Eastern Europe and around the Caspian Sea. The player pilots an Apache helicopter and battles with the forces of Shadowman, a renegade ex-communist figure. Like its predecessors, the game features shooting action mixed with strategic management of fuel and ammunition, but has more authentic 3D graphics, as well as a modified overhead - as opposed to isometric - perspective. The game also features a more realistic enemy artificial intelligence and environment. Critics received the game positively, praising the graphics and full motion video, while commentary on the gameplay and difficulty was more mixed.", "title": "Soviet Strike" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden became the last Swiss canton to grant women the vote on local issues.", "title": "Women's suffrage in Switzerland" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Responsible government was first granted to Nova Scotia in 1848, and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies. With the passage of the British North America Act, 1867 by the British Parliament, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada, a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations. Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900, with the Australian colonies federating in 1901. The term \"dominion status\" was officially introduced at the Colonial Conference of 1907.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). Today, there are eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. Some AAC squadrons provide the offensive and air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command.", "title": "Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union.", "title": "Federalism" } ]	When did Canada become a colony of the country where Apache helicopters are based in the nation that recently voted to leave a federal union?	1763	[]	Title: Eurocopter EC145 Passage: The Eurocopter EC145 (now Airbus Helicopters H145) is a twin-engine light utility helicopter developed and manufactured by Eurocopter, which was rebranded as Airbus Helicopters in 2014. Originally referred to as the "BK 117 C2", the EC145 is based upon the MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 C1, which became a part of the combined Eurocopter line-up in 1992 with the merger of Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm's helicopter division of Daimler-Benz and the helicopter division of Aérospatiale-Matra to form Eurocopter. Title: Army Air Corps (United Kingdom) Passage: The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). Today, there are eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. Some AAC squadrons provide the offensive and air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command. Title: History of South Africa Passage: Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. Title: Helicopter Canada Passage: Helicopter Canada (aka Hélicoptère Canada) is a 1966 Canadian documentary film produced by the National Film Board of Canada and directed by Eugene Boyko. The film features aerial photography of all ten of Canada's provinces. "Helicopter Canada", sponsored by the Canada's Centennial Commission, was produced for international distribution in both French and English language versions for Canada's 100th anniversary. Title: Tom Clifford Passage: In a 1978 federal by-election in the riding of Broadview, Clifford ran as the candidate for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada but lost by 420 votes to NDP candidate Bob Rae. Title: Federation of Australia Passage: The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self - governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government (and the bicameral legislatures) that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. Title: British Empire Passage: The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Responsible government was first granted to Nova Scotia in 1848, and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies. With the passage of the British North America Act, 1867 by the British Parliament, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada, a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations. Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900, with the Australian colonies federating in 1901. The term "dominion status" was officially introduced at the Colonial Conference of 1907. Title: Switzerland Passage: Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example. This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues. Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Council of States, two representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council, with representatives elected from across the country). Referenda were made mandatory for any amendment of this constitution. Title: Mali Federation Passage: The Mali Federation () was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police) which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal. Title: History of South Africa Passage: Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. Title: Switzerland Passage: Switzerland joined the Council of Europe in 1963. In 1979 areas from the canton of Bern attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new canton of Jura. On 18 April 1999 the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favour of a completely revised federal constitution.In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referendums on the EU issue; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application has been withdrawn. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies. Title: Southern Europe Passage: Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013). Title: 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup Passage: The final bidding dossiers had to be handed over before 1 August 2007. Switzerland withdrew on 29 May 2007, stating that Europe is heavily focused on France and Germany, and a third European bid appeared futile. On 27 August 2007, France also withdrew, reportedly in exchange for Germany's support for their bid to host the men's UEFA Euro 2016. Later Australia (12 October 2007) and Peru (17 October 2007) voluntarily dropped out of the race as well, leaving only Canada and Germany as the remaining candidates. On 30 October 2007, the FIFA Executive Committee voted to assign the tournament to Germany. Canada was eventually awarded the 2015 Women's World Cup four years later.Upon the selection, Germany became the third country to host both men's and women's World Cup, having hosted the men's twice in 1974 and 2006. Title: Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum Passage: United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016 Northern Ireland Choice Votes% Remain a member of the European Union 440,707 55.78% Leave the European Union 349,442 44.22% Valid votes 790,149 99.95% Invalid or blank votes 374 0.05% Total votes 790,523 100.00% Registered voters and turnout 1,260,955 62.69% Source: Electoral Commission Title: Federalism Passage: Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union. Title: History of Canada Passage: With the end of the Seven Years' War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763), France ceded almost all of its remaining territory in mainland North America, except for fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon where its fishermen could dry their fish. France had already secretly ceded its vast Louisiana territory to Spain under the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) in which King Louis XV of France had given his cousin King Charles III of Spain the entire area of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. France and Spain kept the Treaty of Fontainebleau secret from other countries until 1764. In return for acquiring Canada, Britain returned to France its most important sugar - producing colony, Guadeloupe, which the French at the time considered more valuable than Canada. (Guadeloupe produced more sugar than all the British islands combined, and Voltaire had notoriously dismissed Canada as ``Quelques arpents de neige '',`` A few acres of snow''). Title: Women's suffrage in Switzerland Passage: Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden became the last Swiss canton to grant women the vote on local issues. Title: Brexit Passage: In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU on 29 March 2019. Title: Soviet Strike Passage: "Soviet Strike" is set after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and takes place in a fictionalised Russia, Eastern Europe and around the Caspian Sea. The player pilots an Apache helicopter and battles with the forces of Shadowman, a renegade ex-communist figure. Like its predecessors, the game features shooting action mixed with strategic management of fuel and ammunition, but has more authentic 3D graphics, as well as a modified overhead - as opposed to isometric - perspective. The game also features a more realistic enemy artificial intelligence and environment. Critics received the game positively, praising the graphics and full motion video, while commentary on the gameplay and difficulty was more mixed. Title: Liberal Party of Australia Passage: Throughout their history, the Liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom Menzies, in the era of the party's formation called "The forgotten people"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. In the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted Liberal.[citation needed] One effect of this was the success of a breakaway party, the Australian Democrats, founded in 1977 by former Liberal minister Don Chipp and members of minor liberal parties; other members of the left-leaning section of the middle-class became Labor supporters.[citation needed] On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats. In country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the Nationals, depending on various factors.	[ "Brexit", "History of Canada", "Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)", "Federalism" ]
2hop__144697_8773	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Västerås BK30 is a sports club in Västerås, Sweden, established on 29 November 1929 as a merger out of IK City and IK Sture and named after 1930, the year it joined the Swedish Sports Confederation. The club nowadays mostly runs soccer, earlier even bandy, handball, ice hockey, table tennis and track and field athletics.", "title": "Västerås BK30" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Västerås IK (\"Västerås IK Hockey Klubb\") is an ice hockey club from Västerås, Sweden. The team is currently playing in the second-tier league in Sweden, Hockeyallsvenskan. Västerås IK played 12 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien (1988–89 to 1999–00) before the club went bankrupt and merged with the junior club (Västerås IK Ungdom), which changed name to VIK Västerås HK in 2005. In 2018, after playing a year in tier three, Hockeyettan, the club changed it name back to the old name Västerås IK.", "title": "VIK Västerås HK" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in .", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League was a Tier II Junior \"A\" ice hockey that lasted from the late 1960s until 1977 in Southern Ontario, Canada. The league was swallowed by what is now called the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League in 1977.", "title": "Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erick Lizon (born November 29, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who has played in Ontario Junior Hockey League, Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, United Hockey League, Central Hockey League, ECHL, American Hockey League and Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey. He played for a total of five seasons with Wichita Thunder in Kansas, USA and is currently under contract with the Saint-Georges Cool FM 103.5 of Saint-Georges, Quebec in the LNAH league for the 2016-17 season.", "title": "Erick Lizon" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beauport Harfangs (Snow Owls) were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) from 1990 to 1997. The team played its home games at the Aréna Marcel-Bédard in the Quebec City suburb of Beauport. The team's first coach was Alain Chainey, who had previously been an assistant coach with the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Quebec Nordiques. The Harfangs played for seven seasons before relocating to Quebec City in 1997 to become the second incarnation of the Quebec Remparts.", "title": "Beauport Harfangs" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky (; 12 May 1872 [30 April 1872 O. S.] – 13 September 1913) was the natural son of Alexander II of Russia by his mistress (and later wife), Catherine Dolgorukov. The morganatic marriage of George's parents on 6 July 1880, eight years after his birth, resulted in the legitimation of their three surviving children, and George gained the style of \"Serene Highness\".", "title": "Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George Fiott Day was born in Southampton. He joined the Royal Navy as a First Class Volunteer in 1833. His first vessel sailed to the Pacific Ocean and was wrecked off the coast of Patagonia in 1835. After serving off the west coast of Africa, in 1838 he departed for six and a half years service in the Mediterranean Sea, taking part in the bombardment of St. John d'Acre on the Syrian coast in 1840. From 1845 to 1848, he served in Africa, before departing for the Cape of Good Hope and the coast of Brazil. During the hostilities between the Argentine Confederation and Buenos Aires, he patrolled the Rivers of Paraguay and the Río de la Plata. In 1854, he was sent to the Baltic Sea, and then back to the Mediterranean Fleet, and eventually to the Black Sea in 1855, where he won his Victoria Cross. He was 35 years old, and a lieutenant in the Royal Navy during the Crimean War:", "title": "George Fiott Day" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Ruddick (birth registered third ¼ 1881 – death registered first ¼ 1949) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s, 1900s and 1910s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Brecon RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, Wales, and Lancashire, and at club level for Broughton Rangers, as a , or , i.e. number 8 or 10, or, 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums.", "title": "George Ruddick" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HC Etro 92 Veliko Tarnovo was an ice hockey team in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. The club was founded in 1992. They played in the Bulgarian Hockey League in the 1998-99 and 2000-01 seasons. The club later returned to play in the Balkan League in the 2008-09 through 2010-11 seasons.", "title": "HC Etro 92 Veliko Tarnovo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WCFR is an AM radio station licensed to Springfield, Vermont. It broadcasts hits from the 80's and 90's with 5,000 watts during the day. Programming is also simulcast on translator W293BH, 106.5 FM. The station carries Boston Red Sox baseball from the Red Sox Radio Network And Boston Bruins Hockey.", "title": "WCFR" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Rock Me Gently ''Single by Andy Kim from the album Andy Kim B - side`` Rock Me Gently'' (instrumental) Released June 22, 1974 Format Single 45 RPM Genre Pop rock Length 3: 24 Label Capitol Records 3895 Songwriter (s) Andy Kim Producer (s) Andy Kim Andy Kim singles chronology ``Oh What a Day ''(1972)`` Rock Me Gently'' (1974) ``Fire, Baby I'm on Fire ''(1974)`` Oh What a Day'' (1972) ``Rock Me Gently ''(1974)`` Fire, Baby I'm on Fire'' (1974)", "title": "Rock Me Gently (Andy Kim song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2001–02 Japan Ice Hockey League season was the 36th season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and Kokudo Ice Hockey Club won the championship.", "title": "2001–02 Japan Ice Hockey League season" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim Keltner Birth name James Lee Keltner (1942 - 04 - 27) April 27, 1942 (age 75) Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. Genres Rock, R&B, jazz Occupation (s) Musician Instruments Drums Years active 1970 -- present Associated acts Traveling Wilburys, Little Village, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker, Ry Cooder, Delaney & Bonnie, Bob Dylan, Carly Simon, Ringo Starr, Gabor Szabo, George Harrison, John Lennon, Steve Miller Band, Harry Nilsson The Waterboys.", "title": "Jim Keltner" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien 香嚴(or 香巖)智閑 (Hànyǔ Pīnyīn: Xiāngyán Zhìxián; Rōmaji: Kyōgen Chikan, \"c\". 820–898) was a T'ang dynasty Ch'an master of the House of Kuei-yang. A Dharma heir of Kuei-shan Ling-yu 溈山靈祐 (Hànyǔ Pīnyīn: Wéishān Língyòu; Rōmaji: Isan Reiyū, 771–853), the story of Hsiang-yen's enlightenment is rather famous in the Zen tradition. According to his enlightenment story, he had been an accomplished scholar of Buddhist \"sūtra\"s, but for many years had made very little headway in his meditation practice. One day, his master asked him what his original face was before birth, to which he could not respond—this question became his \"kōan\", and he subsequently burned his \"sūtra\"s and set out to settle the matter. One day, while working, he heard the sound of a tile striking the ground and attained enlightenment.", "title": "Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2018 Commonwealth Games -- Men's hockey Tournament details Host country Australia City Gold Coast Dates 5 -- 14 April 2018 Teams 10 Venue (s) Gold Coast Hockey Centre Top three teams Champions Australia (6th title) Runner - up New Zealand Third place England Tournament statistics Matches played 27 Goals scored 117 (4.33 per match) Top scorer (s) Sam Ward (9 goals) ← 2014 (previous) (next) 2022 →", "title": "Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Växjö Lakers Hockey Club (often referred to as the Växjö Lakers or VLH) is an ice hockey club from Växjö in Sweden. The club plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-level league of Swedish ice hockey, and made its debut there in 2011–12. They play their home games in the Vida Arena. The club won the Swedish national championship in 2015 and 2018.", "title": "Växjö Lakers" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club was founded as the Kansas City Scouts in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1974. The Scouts moved to Denver, Colorado in 1976 and became the Colorado Rockies. In 1982, they moved to East Rutherford, New Jersey and took their current name. For their first 25 seasons in New Jersey, the Devils were based at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford and played their home games at Brendan Byrne Arena (later renamed to Continental Airlines Arena). Before the 2007 -- 08 season, the Devils relocated to Newark and now play their home games at Prudential Center.", "title": "New Jersey Devils" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank Lampard OBE Lampard with Chelsea in 2008 Full name Frank James Lampard Date of birth (1978 - 06 - 20) 20 June 1978 (age 39) Place of birth Romford, London, England Height 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) Playing position Midfielder Youth career 1994 -- 1995 West Ham United Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1995 -- 2001 West Ham United 148 (24) 1995 -- 1996 → Swansea City (loan) 9 (1) 2001 -- 2014 Chelsea 429 (147) 2014 -- 2015 Manchester City 32 (6) 2015 -- 2016 New York City FC 29 (15) Total 647 (193) National team 1997 -- 2000 England U21 19 (9) 1998 England B (0) 1999 -- 2014 England 106 (29) * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.", "title": "Frank Lampard" } ]	What is the hockey club in the birthplace of George Fiott Day named?	Southampton Hockey Club	[]	Title: VIK Västerås HK Passage: Västerås IK ("Västerås IK Hockey Klubb") is an ice hockey club from Västerås, Sweden. The team is currently playing in the second-tier league in Sweden, Hockeyallsvenskan. Västerås IK played 12 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien (1988–89 to 1999–00) before the club went bankrupt and merged with the junior club (Västerås IK Ungdom), which changed name to VIK Västerås HK in 2005. In 2018, after playing a year in tier three, Hockeyettan, the club changed it name back to the old name Västerås IK. Title: Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien Passage: Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien 香嚴(or 香巖)智閑 (Hànyǔ Pīnyīn: Xiāngyán Zhìxián; Rōmaji: Kyōgen Chikan, "c". 820–898) was a T'ang dynasty Ch'an master of the House of Kuei-yang. A Dharma heir of Kuei-shan Ling-yu 溈山靈祐 (Hànyǔ Pīnyīn: Wéishān Língyòu; Rōmaji: Isan Reiyū, 771–853), the story of Hsiang-yen's enlightenment is rather famous in the Zen tradition. According to his enlightenment story, he had been an accomplished scholar of Buddhist "sūtra"s, but for many years had made very little headway in his meditation practice. One day, his master asked him what his original face was before birth, to which he could not respond—this question became his "kōan", and he subsequently burned his "sūtra"s and set out to settle the matter. One day, while working, he heard the sound of a tile striking the ground and attained enlightenment. Title: Växjö Lakers Passage: Växjö Lakers Hockey Club (often referred to as the Växjö Lakers or VLH) is an ice hockey club from Växjö in Sweden. The club plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-level league of Swedish ice hockey, and made its debut there in 2011–12. They play their home games in the Vida Arena. The club won the Swedish national championship in 2015 and 2018. Title: Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament Passage: 2018 Commonwealth Games -- Men's hockey Tournament details Host country Australia City Gold Coast Dates 5 -- 14 April 2018 Teams 10 Venue (s) Gold Coast Hockey Centre Top three teams Champions Australia (6th title) Runner - up New Zealand Third place England Tournament statistics Matches played 27 Goals scored 117 (4.33 per match) Top scorer (s) Sam Ward (9 goals) ← 2014 (previous) (next) 2022 → Title: George Fiott Day Passage: George Fiott Day was born in Southampton. He joined the Royal Navy as a First Class Volunteer in 1833. His first vessel sailed to the Pacific Ocean and was wrecked off the coast of Patagonia in 1835. After serving off the west coast of Africa, in 1838 he departed for six and a half years service in the Mediterranean Sea, taking part in the bombardment of St. John d'Acre on the Syrian coast in 1840. From 1845 to 1848, he served in Africa, before departing for the Cape of Good Hope and the coast of Brazil. During the hostilities between the Argentine Confederation and Buenos Aires, he patrolled the Rivers of Paraguay and the Río de la Plata. In 1854, he was sent to the Baltic Sea, and then back to the Mediterranean Fleet, and eventually to the Black Sea in 1855, where he won his Victoria Cross. He was 35 years old, and a lieutenant in the Royal Navy during the Crimean War: Title: WCFR Passage: WCFR is an AM radio station licensed to Springfield, Vermont. It broadcasts hits from the 80's and 90's with 5,000 watts during the day. Programming is also simulcast on translator W293BH, 106.5 FM. The station carries Boston Red Sox baseball from the Red Sox Radio Network And Boston Bruins Hockey. Title: 2001–02 Japan Ice Hockey League season Passage: The 2001–02 Japan Ice Hockey League season was the 36th season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and Kokudo Ice Hockey Club won the championship. Title: Southampton Passage: The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards. Title: New York Yankees Passage: The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . Title: Jim Keltner Passage: Jim Keltner Birth name James Lee Keltner (1942 - 04 - 27) April 27, 1942 (age 75) Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. Genres Rock, R&B, jazz Occupation (s) Musician Instruments Drums Years active 1970 -- present Associated acts Traveling Wilburys, Little Village, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker, Ry Cooder, Delaney & Bonnie, Bob Dylan, Carly Simon, Ringo Starr, Gabor Szabo, George Harrison, John Lennon, Steve Miller Band, Harry Nilsson The Waterboys. Title: Erick Lizon Passage: Erick Lizon (born November 29, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who has played in Ontario Junior Hockey League, Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, United Hockey League, Central Hockey League, ECHL, American Hockey League and Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey. He played for a total of five seasons with Wichita Thunder in Kansas, USA and is currently under contract with the Saint-Georges Cool FM 103.5 of Saint-Georges, Quebec in the LNAH league for the 2016-17 season. Title: Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League Passage: The Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League was a Tier II Junior "A" ice hockey that lasted from the late 1960s until 1977 in Southern Ontario, Canada. The league was swallowed by what is now called the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League in 1977. Title: Rock Me Gently (Andy Kim song) Passage: ``Rock Me Gently ''Single by Andy Kim from the album Andy Kim B - side`` Rock Me Gently'' (instrumental) Released June 22, 1974 Format Single 45 RPM Genre Pop rock Length 3: 24 Label Capitol Records 3895 Songwriter (s) Andy Kim Producer (s) Andy Kim Andy Kim singles chronology ``Oh What a Day ''(1972)`` Rock Me Gently'' (1974) ``Fire, Baby I'm on Fire ''(1974)`` Oh What a Day'' (1972) ``Rock Me Gently ''(1974)`` Fire, Baby I'm on Fire'' (1974) Title: Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky Passage: Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky (; 12 May 1872 [30 April 1872 O. S.] – 13 September 1913) was the natural son of Alexander II of Russia by his mistress (and later wife), Catherine Dolgorukov. The morganatic marriage of George's parents on 6 July 1880, eight years after his birth, resulted in the legitimation of their three surviving children, and George gained the style of "Serene Highness". Title: Frank Lampard Passage: Frank Lampard OBE Lampard with Chelsea in 2008 Full name Frank James Lampard Date of birth (1978 - 06 - 20) 20 June 1978 (age 39) Place of birth Romford, London, England Height 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) Playing position Midfielder Youth career 1994 -- 1995 West Ham United Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1995 -- 2001 West Ham United 148 (24) 1995 -- 1996 → Swansea City (loan) 9 (1) 2001 -- 2014 Chelsea 429 (147) 2014 -- 2015 Manchester City 32 (6) 2015 -- 2016 New York City FC 29 (15) Total 647 (193) National team 1997 -- 2000 England U21 19 (9) 1998 England B (0) 1999 -- 2014 England 106 (29) * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. Title: Västerås BK30 Passage: Västerås BK30 is a sports club in Västerås, Sweden, established on 29 November 1929 as a merger out of IK City and IK Sture and named after 1930, the year it joined the Swedish Sports Confederation. The club nowadays mostly runs soccer, earlier even bandy, handball, ice hockey, table tennis and track and field athletics. Title: George Ruddick Passage: George Ruddick (birth registered third ¼ 1881 – death registered first ¼ 1949) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s, 1900s and 1910s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Brecon RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, Wales, and Lancashire, and at club level for Broughton Rangers, as a , or , i.e. number 8 or 10, or, 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums. Title: New Jersey Devils Passage: The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club was founded as the Kansas City Scouts in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1974. The Scouts moved to Denver, Colorado in 1976 and became the Colorado Rockies. In 1982, they moved to East Rutherford, New Jersey and took their current name. For their first 25 seasons in New Jersey, the Devils were based at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford and played their home games at Brendan Byrne Arena (later renamed to Continental Airlines Arena). Before the 2007 -- 08 season, the Devils relocated to Newark and now play their home games at Prudential Center. Title: HC Etro 92 Veliko Tarnovo Passage: HC Etro 92 Veliko Tarnovo was an ice hockey team in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. The club was founded in 1992. They played in the Bulgarian Hockey League in the 1998-99 and 2000-01 seasons. The club later returned to play in the Balkan League in the 2008-09 through 2010-11 seasons. Title: Beauport Harfangs Passage: The Beauport Harfangs (Snow Owls) were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) from 1990 to 1997. The team played its home games at the Aréna Marcel-Bédard in the Quebec City suburb of Beauport. The team's first coach was Alain Chainey, who had previously been an assistant coach with the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Quebec Nordiques. The Harfangs played for seven seasons before relocating to Quebec City in 1997 to become the second incarnation of the Quebec Remparts.	[ "Southampton", "George Fiott Day" ]
2hop__435552_43057	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Drake Charlotte eavesdropping on a conversation between Ezra and Aria taking place at his apartment. Pretty Little Liars character Portrayed by Vanessa Ray First appearance ``UnmAsked ''Season 2, episode 25 Last appearance`` Till Death Do Us Part'' Season 7, episode 20 Profile Other names CeCe Drake Charles Drake Charles DiLaurentis Charlotte DiLaurentis ``A ''Varjak Alison DiLaurentis Freddie Occupation A (formerly) Red Coat (formerly) Stylist (formerly) show Family Father Ted Wilson Mother Mary Drake Adoptive father Kenneth DiLaurentis Adoptive mother Jessica DiLaurentis Half - sisters Spencer Hastings Alex Drake Aunts and uncles Jessica DiLaurentis First cousins Alison DiLaurentis Jason DiLaurentis", "title": "Charlotte Drake" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis (27 June 1874 – 17 March 1956) was an American botanist and plant collector active in New Mexico. She discovered several plant species and collected numerous plant specimens.", "title": "Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Last of Us Part II is an upcoming horror - themed action - adventure game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4. It is the sequel to 2013's The Last of Us. It was announced at the PlayStation Experience event in December 2016. Set five years after the events of The Last of Us, the game will follow an older Ellie as the main protagonist as she continues to survive in the infected world.", "title": "The Last of Us Part II" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Ellis Delenbough \"Ellie\" Pringle (August 31, 1910 – October 3, 1990), known as Ellis Pringle, was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played one season in the National Hockey League for the New York Americans. Ellis was born in Beeton, Ontario and was the son of Walter Alvin Pringle and Mable Maude Campbell Ellis.", "title": "Ellis Pringle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elli Terwiel (born April 16, 1989 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian specializing in slalom skiing. She represented Canada in this event at the 2014 Winter Olympics and also skied collegiately at the University of Vermont. Terwiel currently resides in Sun Peaks, British Columbia.", "title": "Elli Terwiel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Teahouse Fire is a novel by Ellis Avery set in late nineteenth century Japan published by Riverhead in the US in 2006 and to be published by Random House in the UK as a paperback original.", "title": "The Teahouse Fire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Now believing Charlotte completely mad and secure in her room, Miriam and Drew go into the garden to discuss their plan: to drive Charlotte insane to get her money. Miriam also tells Drew that back in 1927 she saw Jewel murder her husband. She's been using this knowledge to blackmail Jewel throughout the years while plotting to gain possession of Charlotte's wealth.", "title": "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Van Ellis Huff (1894 – 1987) was a University of Florida trained engineer who popularized residential use of a combination jalousie window. Drawing inspiration from common wooden slat windows he'd become familiar with in the Bahamas, he designed a hand-cranked glass, aluminum and screen window version that found widespread use in temperate climates before the advent of air-conditioning.", "title": "Van Ellis Huff" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birkdale Village is a new urban mixed-use community in Huntersville, North Carolina, United States, north of Charlotte, North Carolina. It was named after the English village of Birkdale, near Liverpool. It has numerous restaurants, stores, cafes, apartments, town homes, and houses. A gym, a movie theater, a supermarket, a golf course, a greenway, an express bus park and ride, and the Lake Norman are all within walking distance for the residents of Birkdale Village.", "title": "Birkdale Village" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte's Web was released on February 22, 1973, to moderate critical and commercial success. The film has developed a devoted following over the following years due to television and VHS; in 1994 it surprised the marketplace by becoming one of the best - selling titles of the year, 21 years after its first premiere. No other non-Disney musical animated film has enjoyed such a comeback in popularity, prompting a direct - to - video sequel, Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure, which Paramount released in the US on March 18, 2003 (Universal released it internationally), followed by a live - action film version of the original story, which was released on December 15, 2006.", "title": "Charlotte's Web (1973 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest - lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years.", "title": "New Mexico Territory" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "^1 Also considered part of Rusyns\n^2 Considered transitional between Ukrainians and Belarusians\n^3 The ethnic affiliation of the Lemkos has become an ideological conflict. It has been alleged that among the Lemkos the idea of \"Carpatho-Ruthenian\" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing in Transcarpathia and abroad\n^4 Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as Czechs but significant amount declared their Moravian nationality, different from that Czech (although people from Bohemia and Moravia use the same official language).\n^5 Also considered Poles.\n^6 There are sources that show Silesians as part of the Poles. Parts of the southmost population of Upper Silesia is sometimes considered Czech (controversial).", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Continuing Ed SD 50 is a public high school in Sandspit, British Columbia part of School District 50 Haida Gwaii/Queen Charlotte.", "title": "Continuing Education School District 50" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The resort was built on what used to be the parking lot for the Jockey Club. Because the Cosmopolitan occupies much of the parking lot, it was agreed that the Club residents could use part of the Cosmopolitan's parking garage.", "title": "Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caribbean Bird Vendor is a painting by Ellis Wilson in 1953. It is now part of Hampton University’s permanent exhibition.", "title": "Caribbean Bird Vendor" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellie is a fictional character in the 2013 video game The Last of Us, and the main protagonist of the upcoming video game The Last of Us Part II. In the first game, the character Joel is tasked with escorting Ellie across a post-apocalyptic United States in an attempt to create a potential cure for an infection to which Ellie is immune. She is voiced by Ashley Johnson, who also provided motion capture for the character. While players briefly assume control of Ellie for a portion of the game, the computer's artificial intelligence primarily controls her actions, often assisting in combat by attacking or identifying enemies. Ellie reappeared as the sole playable character in the downloadable content prequel campaign, The Last of Us: Left Behind, in which she spends time with her friend Riley. Ellie is also the main character in the comic book prequel, The Last of Us: American Dreams, wherein she befriends Riley and has her first encounter with the rebel group the Fireflies.", "title": "Ellie (The Last of Us)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May 1846 Charlotte, Emily, and Anne self-financed the publication of a joint collection of poems under their assumed names Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. The pseudonyms veiled the sisters' sex while preserving their initials; thus Charlotte was Currer Bell. \"Bell\" was the middle name of Haworth's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls whom Charlotte later married, and \"Currer\" was the surname of Frances Mary Richardson Currer who had funded their school (and maybe their father). Of the decision to use noms de plume, Charlotte wrote:", "title": "Charlotte Brontë" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1927, young Southern belle Charlotte Hollis (Bette Davis) and her married lover, John Mayhew (Bruce Dern), plan to elope during a party at the Hollis family's antebellum mansion in Ascension Parish, Louisiana. Charlotte's father confronts John over the affair and intimidates him with the news that John's wife, Jewel, visited the day before and revealed the affair. John pretends he no longer loves Charlotte and tells her they must part.", "title": "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Denny Miller (Jessica Grace Smith) made an unannounced visit to Charlotte's flat to offer Hunter her old job, she caught Charlotte with the stolen safe from the Diner. As Denny realised that Hunter had been responsible for the break - in, she urged Charlotte to go to the police. A fight broke out between the two women as Denny tried to take the safe. Charlotte pushed Denny away, causing her to hit her head and die. Despite knowing Denny's death was an accident, Charlotte did not report it to the police. Instead, she buried Denny's body and her belongings out in the bush. Heynatz commented that Charlotte would do anything to protect her son. Not long after, Charlotte began suffering from hallucinations and started seeing Denny around the flat. The images continued to appear, as Charlotte worked to cover up her crime. She hacked into Denny's social media accounts to make it seem like she was alive and enjoying her overseas trip. One particular hallucination of Denny caused Charlotte to throw a glass at a mirror, shattering it. When Andy Barrett (Tai Hara) stops by to ask her out to dinner, he becomes worried by the scene. Hara commented, ``it's a side of Charlotte that Andy's never seen. Obviously seeing the glass is a shock. ''Andy was aware that Charlotte had previously covered up the fact Hunter burnt down Leah's house. Andy believed that she might be covering for Hunter again, but Charlotte refused to talk about it.", "title": "Charlotte King (Home and Away)" } ]	When did the state where Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis resides become part of the US?	January 6, 1912	[]	Title: Continuing Education School District 50 Passage: Continuing Ed SD 50 is a public high school in Sandspit, British Columbia part of School District 50 Haida Gwaii/Queen Charlotte. Title: Ellis Pringle Passage: William Ellis Delenbough "Ellie" Pringle (August 31, 1910 – October 3, 1990), known as Ellis Pringle, was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played one season in the National Hockey League for the New York Americans. Ellis was born in Beeton, Ontario and was the son of Walter Alvin Pringle and Mable Maude Campbell Ellis. Title: Charlotte Brontë Passage: In May 1846 Charlotte, Emily, and Anne self-financed the publication of a joint collection of poems under their assumed names Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. The pseudonyms veiled the sisters' sex while preserving their initials; thus Charlotte was Currer Bell. "Bell" was the middle name of Haworth's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls whom Charlotte later married, and "Currer" was the surname of Frances Mary Richardson Currer who had funded their school (and maybe their father). Of the decision to use noms de plume, Charlotte wrote: Title: The Last of Us Part II Passage: The Last of Us Part II is an upcoming horror - themed action - adventure game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4. It is the sequel to 2013's The Last of Us. It was announced at the PlayStation Experience event in December 2016. Set five years after the events of The Last of Us, the game will follow an older Ellie as the main protagonist as she continues to survive in the infected world. Title: Charlotte's Web (1973 film) Passage: Charlotte's Web was released on February 22, 1973, to moderate critical and commercial success. The film has developed a devoted following over the following years due to television and VHS; in 1994 it surprised the marketplace by becoming one of the best - selling titles of the year, 21 years after its first premiere. No other non-Disney musical animated film has enjoyed such a comeback in popularity, prompting a direct - to - video sequel, Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure, which Paramount released in the US on March 18, 2003 (Universal released it internationally), followed by a live - action film version of the original story, which was released on December 15, 2006. Title: Elli Terwiel Passage: Elli Terwiel (born April 16, 1989 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian specializing in slalom skiing. She represented Canada in this event at the 2014 Winter Olympics and also skied collegiately at the University of Vermont. Terwiel currently resides in Sun Peaks, British Columbia. Title: Van Ellis Huff Passage: Van Ellis Huff (1894 – 1987) was a University of Florida trained engineer who popularized residential use of a combination jalousie window. Drawing inspiration from common wooden slat windows he'd become familiar with in the Bahamas, he designed a hand-cranked glass, aluminum and screen window version that found widespread use in temperate climates before the advent of air-conditioning. Title: Ellie (The Last of Us) Passage: Ellie is a fictional character in the 2013 video game The Last of Us, and the main protagonist of the upcoming video game The Last of Us Part II. In the first game, the character Joel is tasked with escorting Ellie across a post-apocalyptic United States in an attempt to create a potential cure for an infection to which Ellie is immune. She is voiced by Ashley Johnson, who also provided motion capture for the character. While players briefly assume control of Ellie for a portion of the game, the computer's artificial intelligence primarily controls her actions, often assisting in combat by attacking or identifying enemies. Ellie reappeared as the sole playable character in the downloadable content prequel campaign, The Last of Us: Left Behind, in which she spends time with her friend Riley. Ellie is also the main character in the comic book prequel, The Last of Us: American Dreams, wherein she befriends Riley and has her first encounter with the rebel group the Fireflies. Title: Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas Passage: The resort was built on what used to be the parking lot for the Jockey Club. Because the Cosmopolitan occupies much of the parking lot, it was agreed that the Club residents could use part of the Cosmopolitan's parking garage. Title: New Mexico Territory Passage: The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest - lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years. Title: The Bronx Passage: The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south. Title: Charlotte Drake Passage: Charlotte Drake Charlotte eavesdropping on a conversation between Ezra and Aria taking place at his apartment. Pretty Little Liars character Portrayed by Vanessa Ray First appearance ``UnmAsked ''Season 2, episode 25 Last appearance`` Till Death Do Us Part'' Season 7, episode 20 Profile Other names CeCe Drake Charles Drake Charles DiLaurentis Charlotte DiLaurentis ``A ''Varjak Alison DiLaurentis Freddie Occupation A (formerly) Red Coat (formerly) Stylist (formerly) show Family Father Ted Wilson Mother Mary Drake Adoptive father Kenneth DiLaurentis Adoptive mother Jessica DiLaurentis Half - sisters Spencer Hastings Alex Drake Aunts and uncles Jessica DiLaurentis First cousins Alison DiLaurentis Jason DiLaurentis Title: Birkdale Village Passage: Birkdale Village is a new urban mixed-use community in Huntersville, North Carolina, United States, north of Charlotte, North Carolina. It was named after the English village of Birkdale, near Liverpool. It has numerous restaurants, stores, cafes, apartments, town homes, and houses. A gym, a movie theater, a supermarket, a golf course, a greenway, an express bus park and ride, and the Lake Norman are all within walking distance for the residents of Birkdale Village. Title: Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte Passage: Now believing Charlotte completely mad and secure in her room, Miriam and Drew go into the garden to discuss their plan: to drive Charlotte insane to get her money. Miriam also tells Drew that back in 1927 she saw Jewel murder her husband. She's been using this knowledge to blackmail Jewel throughout the years while plotting to gain possession of Charlotte's wealth. Title: Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis Passage: Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis (27 June 1874 – 17 March 1956) was an American botanist and plant collector active in New Mexico. She discovered several plant species and collected numerous plant specimens. Title: Caribbean Bird Vendor Passage: Caribbean Bird Vendor is a painting by Ellis Wilson in 1953. It is now part of Hampton University’s permanent exhibition. Title: The Teahouse Fire Passage: The Teahouse Fire is a novel by Ellis Avery set in late nineteenth century Japan published by Riverhead in the US in 2006 and to be published by Random House in the UK as a paperback original. Title: Charlotte King (Home and Away) Passage: When Denny Miller (Jessica Grace Smith) made an unannounced visit to Charlotte's flat to offer Hunter her old job, she caught Charlotte with the stolen safe from the Diner. As Denny realised that Hunter had been responsible for the break - in, she urged Charlotte to go to the police. A fight broke out between the two women as Denny tried to take the safe. Charlotte pushed Denny away, causing her to hit her head and die. Despite knowing Denny's death was an accident, Charlotte did not report it to the police. Instead, she buried Denny's body and her belongings out in the bush. Heynatz commented that Charlotte would do anything to protect her son. Not long after, Charlotte began suffering from hallucinations and started seeing Denny around the flat. The images continued to appear, as Charlotte worked to cover up her crime. She hacked into Denny's social media accounts to make it seem like she was alive and enjoying her overseas trip. One particular hallucination of Denny caused Charlotte to throw a glass at a mirror, shattering it. When Andy Barrett (Tai Hara) stops by to ask her out to dinner, he becomes worried by the scene. Hara commented, ``it's a side of Charlotte that Andy's never seen. Obviously seeing the glass is a shock. ''Andy was aware that Charlotte had previously covered up the fact Hunter burnt down Leah's house. Andy believed that she might be covering for Hunter again, but Charlotte refused to talk about it. Title: Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte Passage: In 1927, young Southern belle Charlotte Hollis (Bette Davis) and her married lover, John Mayhew (Bruce Dern), plan to elope during a party at the Hollis family's antebellum mansion in Ascension Parish, Louisiana. Charlotte's father confronts John over the affair and intimidates him with the news that John's wife, Jewel, visited the day before and revealed the affair. John pretends he no longer loves Charlotte and tells her they must part. Title: Slavs Passage: ^1 Also considered part of Rusyns ^2 Considered transitional between Ukrainians and Belarusians ^3 The ethnic affiliation of the Lemkos has become an ideological conflict. It has been alleged that among the Lemkos the idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing in Transcarpathia and abroad ^4 Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as Czechs but significant amount declared their Moravian nationality, different from that Czech (although people from Bohemia and Moravia use the same official language). ^5 Also considered Poles. ^6 There are sources that show Silesians as part of the Poles. Parts of the southmost population of Upper Silesia is sometimes considered Czech (controversial).	[ "Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis", "New Mexico Territory" ]
3hop1__394115_99691_35202	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model.", "title": "Australia (continent)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.", "title": "Armenians" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, all significant ancient population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia, parts of the UAE and Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and much of Central Asia, making it the first world government and the largest empire the world had yet seen.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The covenant found in Genesis 12 -- 17 is known as the Brit bein HaBetarim, the ``Covenant Between the Parts ''in Hebrew, and is the basis for brit milah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his seed, or offspring, both of natural birth and adoption.", "title": "Covenant (biblical)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Empire is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County, California, United States. The population was 4,189 at the 2010 census, up from 3,903 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area. Influenced by the Mexican culture, Empire is agriculturally active, and is home to the new Empire Community Park.", "title": "Empire, California" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German \"Reichskanzler\", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents.", "title": "Bismarck monument" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467 / 1468 - c. 1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century.", "title": "History of Brazil" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the Achaemenid Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, Bulgaria-Paeonia) and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The Parthian Empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the Sassanid Dynasty in 224 AD, under which Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than four centuries.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio - Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, and founder of the Flavian dynasty. The Roman Empire generally experienced a period of prosperity and dominance in this period and the First Century is remembered as part of the Empire's golden age.", "title": "1st century" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marsupials represent the clade originating from the last common ancestor of extant metatherians. Like other mammals in the Metatheria, they give birth to relatively undeveloped young that often reside in a pouch located on their mothers’ abdomen for a certain amount of time. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur on the Australian continent (the mainland, Tasmania, New Guinea and nearby islands). The remaining 100 are found in the Americas — primarily in South America, but thirteen in Central America, and one in North America, north of Mexico.", "title": "Marsupial" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ``ploughed ''through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere.", "title": "Seafloor spreading" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam).", "title": "Hanoi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures. For about the first half of its existence, the Arsacid court adopted elements of Greek culture, though it eventually saw a gradual revival of Iranian traditions. The Arsacid rulers were titled the \"King of Kings\", as a claim to be the heirs to the Achaemenid Empire; indeed, they accepted many local kings as vassals where the Achaemenids would have had centrally appointed, albeit largely autonomous, satraps. The court did appoint a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the expansion of Arsacid power, the seat of central government shifted from Nisa to Ctesiphon along the Tigris (south of modern Baghdad, Iraq), although several other sites also served as capitals.", "title": "Parthian Empire" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The son of a French father and a Vietnamese mother, Cesar Boutteville was born in Thin-Hao (or Thịnh Hào), nowadays part of Hanoi's urban district Dong Da. He moved with his family to France in 1929.", "title": "César Boutteville" } ]	The Achaemenid Empire expanded into what part of the continent César Boutteville was born on?	Central Asia	[]	Title: Empire, California Passage: Empire is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County, California, United States. The population was 4,189 at the 2010 census, up from 3,903 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area. Influenced by the Mexican culture, Empire is agriculturally active, and is home to the new Empire Community Park. Title: Marsupial Passage: Marsupials represent the clade originating from the last common ancestor of extant metatherians. Like other mammals in the Metatheria, they give birth to relatively undeveloped young that often reside in a pouch located on their mothers’ abdomen for a certain amount of time. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur on the Australian continent (the mainland, Tasmania, New Guinea and nearby islands). The remaining 100 are found in the Americas — primarily in South America, but thirteen in Central America, and one in North America, north of Mexico. Title: Parthian Empire Passage: The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures. For about the first half of its existence, the Arsacid court adopted elements of Greek culture, though it eventually saw a gradual revival of Iranian traditions. The Arsacid rulers were titled the "King of Kings", as a claim to be the heirs to the Achaemenid Empire; indeed, they accepted many local kings as vassals where the Achaemenids would have had centrally appointed, albeit largely autonomous, satraps. The court did appoint a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the expansion of Arsacid power, the seat of central government shifted from Nisa to Ctesiphon along the Tigris (south of modern Baghdad, Iraq), although several other sites also served as capitals. Title: Iran Passage: Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the Achaemenid Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, Bulgaria-Paeonia) and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The Parthian Empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the Sassanid Dynasty in 224 AD, under which Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than four centuries. Title: Roman Republic Passage: This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal. Title: Somalis Passage: Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman. Title: Covenant (biblical) Passage: The covenant found in Genesis 12 -- 17 is known as the Brit bein HaBetarim, the ``Covenant Between the Parts ''in Hebrew, and is the basis for brit milah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his seed, or offspring, both of natural birth and adoption. Title: Australia (continent) Passage: New Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model. Title: Hanoi Passage: Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam). Title: Tajikistan Passage: The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers. Title: Iran Passage: Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz. Title: Bismarck monument Passage: From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German "Reichskanzler", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents. Title: Iran Passage: At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, all significant ancient population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia, parts of the UAE and Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and much of Central Asia, making it the first world government and the largest empire the world had yet seen. Title: History of Brazil Passage: The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467 / 1468 - c. 1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century. Title: Charlemagne Passage: Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. Title: Armenia Passage: In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians. Title: Armenians Passage: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples. Title: César Boutteville Passage: The son of a French father and a Vietnamese mother, Cesar Boutteville was born in Thin-Hao (or Thịnh Hào), nowadays part of Hanoi's urban district Dong Da. He moved with his family to France in 1929. Title: Seafloor spreading Passage: Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ``ploughed ''through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere. Title: 1st century Passage: During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio - Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, and founder of the Flavian dynasty. The Roman Empire generally experienced a period of prosperity and dominance in this period and the First Century is remembered as part of the Empire's golden age.	[ "Iran", "Hanoi", "César Boutteville" ]
2hop__108242_821686	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Knights of Xentar is an eroge role-playing video game published for the MS-DOS in North America by Megatech Software in 1995 and has been originally published as Dragon Knight III (ドラゴンナイトIII) in Japan in 1992-1994. It is part of the \"Dragon Knight\" series of games created by Japanese game developer ELF, who originally released the game for the NEC PC-9801 computer in 1991, followed by ports for the Sharp X68000 and PC Engine CD platforms.", "title": "Knights of Xentar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brevin Adon Knight (born November 8, 1975) is an American retired professional basketball point guard who played with nine teams in the NBA from 1997 to 2009. Knight played college basketball at Stanford University and was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1997. He is the brother of Brandin Knight.", "title": "Brevin Knight" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The head knight acknowledges that ``it is a good shrubbery '', but asserts that the knights can not allow Arthur and his followers to pass through the wood because they are no longer the Knights who say`` Ni!'' They are now the Knights who say ``Ekke Ekke Ekke Ekke Ptang Zoo Boing! ''and must therefore give Arthur a test. Unable to pronounce the new name, Arthur addresses them as`` Knights who until recently said 'Ni!','' inquiring as to the nature of the test. The head knight demands another shrubbery, to be placed next to but slightly higher than the first; and then Arthur ``must cut down the mightiest tree in the forest -- with a herring! ''The knight presents a herring to be used. Arthur objects, asserting that`` it ca n't be done!'' upon which the knights recoil as though in fear and pain. It soon emerges that the knights are unable to withstand the word ``it '', which Arthur's party is unable to avoid saying. The knights are soon incapacitated by the word, which even the head knight can not stop repeating, allowing Arthur and his followers to make their escape.", "title": "Knights Who Say \"Ni!\"" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mercy is a 2000 erotic thriller film directed by Damian Harris and starring Ellen Barkin. The movie was based on a novel written by David L. Lindsey.", "title": "Mercy (2000 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Warrior ''is a song by American rock band Scandal, from the album Warrior. The song was written by Holly Knight (`` Love Is a Battlefield'') and Nick Gilder (``Hot Child in the City ''). The song went to number one in Canada and number seven in the United States, as well as number one on the Mainstream Rock chart in the US, in addition to winning a BMI Airplay Award in 1984. The music video of the song depicts the apocalypse in a warehouse.", "title": "The Warrior (song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the eldest child of Charles Henry Comstock and Mercy Bronson. In 1877 he was awarded a Ph.B. from the University of Michigan, after studying mathematics and astronomy. For a couple of years he worked for the U.S. Lake Survey and then a Mississippi River improvement project, before joining Washburn Observatory as the assistant director in 1879. As career insurance, during his free moments he studied law and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1883 after graduating from Wisconsin law school. However, he would never practice the legal profession.", "title": "George Comstock (astronomer)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Church of Divine Mercy is a Catholic church in Singapore. It is located at 19 Pasir Ris Street 72.", "title": "Church of Divine Mercy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don Stewart (born Donald Lee Stewart on October 25, 1939, in Prescott, Arizona) is a Pentecostal minister and purported faith healer. He is a televangelist who hosts \"Power and Mercy\" on Black Entertainment Television, The Word Network, and other television channels. He is the successor to the late A. A. Allen's organization.", "title": "Don Stewart (preacher)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Merciful Knight is a watercolour by the pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones which was completed in 1863 and is currently housed at the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery.", "title": "The Merciful Knight" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somewhere Far Beyond is the fourth studio album by German power metal band Blind Guardian. It was released in 1992 and produced by Kalle Trapp. The cover artwork was created by Andreas Marschall, who drew the artwork for other Blind Guardian's releases (\"Tales from the Twilight World\", \"Nightfall in Middle-Earth\", etc.). The album saw the band creating its own original sound, while still employing most of their speed/power metal techniques.", "title": "Somewhere Far Beyond" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlie Hunnam as King Arthur, Uther's son, Vortigern's nephew and the would - be king of Britain who was raised by prostitutes. Àstrid Bergès - Frisbey as the Mage, a woman working for Merlin who supports Arthur and the resistance. Djimon Hounsou as Sir Bedivere, the leader of the resistance and a former knight of Uther. Aidan Gillen as Goosefat Bill, a skilled archer, Bedivere's friend, former knight of Uther and member of the resistance. Jude Law as Vortigern, Uther's brother, Elsa's husband, Catia's father, Arthur's uncle and the tyrannical ruthless king of Britain. Eric Bana as Uther Pendragon, Vortigern's brother, Arthur's father and the king of Britain. Kingsley Ben - Adir as Sir Tristan ``Wet Stick '', Arthur and Back Lack's childhood friend who is later knighted by Bedivere. Craig McGinlay as Sir Percival, a member of the resistance who is later turned knighted by Bedivere. Tom Wu as Sir George, Arthur's mentor and a skilled fighter who helps the resistance and is later knighted by Bedivere. Neil Maskell as Back Lack, Arthur and Tristan's childhood friend and Blue's father, who helps the resistance. Freddie Fox as Rubio, a member of the resistance who later betrays them under torture and helps Vortigern. Annabelle Wallis as Maggie, Vortigern's maid who helps the resistance. Bleu Landau as Blue, Back Lack's son. Mikael Persbrandt as Greybeard, a viking who has deals with Vortigern. Poppy Delevingne as Igraine, Arthur's mother and Uther's wife: she is killed by Vortigern in the beginning of the film.", "title": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mercy College Coolock is a Catholic girls' secondary school in Coolock, Dublin, Ireland. It was founded in 1963 by the Sisters of Mercy. It shares grounds with Coolock House, formerly the home of Catherine McAuley, founder of the Sisters of Mercy, and with Scoil Chaitríona, a girls' primary school.", "title": "Mercy College (Dublin)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jade Goddess of Mercy or Goddess of Mercy () is a 2003 film directed by Ann Hui, starring Zhao Wei and Nicholas Tse.", "title": "Jade Goddess of Mercy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The institution of knights was already well - established by the 10th century. While the knight was essentially a title denoting a military office, the term could also be used for positions of higher nobility such as landholders. The higher nobles grant the vassals their portions of land (fiefs) in return for their loyalty, protection, and service. The nobles also provided their knights with necessities, such as lodging, food, armour, weapons, horses, and money. The knight generally held his lands by military tenure which was measured through military service that usually lasted 40 days a year. The military service was the quid pro quo for each knight's fief. Vassals and lords could maintain any number of knights, although knights with more military experience were those most sought after. Thus, all petty nobles intending to become prosperous knights needed a great deal of military experience. A knight fighting under another's banner was called a knight bachelor while a knight fighting under his own banner was a knight banneret.", "title": "Knight" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Divine Mercy Sunday (also known as the Feast of the Divine Mercy) is celebrated on the Sunday after Easter, the Octave Day of Easter. The feast day is observed by Roman Catholic as well as some Anglicans. It is originally based on the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy that Saint Faustyna Kowalska reported as part of her encounter with Jesus, and is associated with special promises from Jesus and indulgences issued by the Church.", "title": "Divine Mercy Sunday" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hide Your Heart is a song by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler, released on her 1988 album Hide Your Heart. The song is written by Kiss' rhythm guitarist and vocalist Paul Stanley, Desmond Child and Holly Knight. Although the song failed to chart (except in Finland), it has appeared on several compilations.", "title": "Hide Your Heart (song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Georgiana Burne-Jones, Lady Burne-Jones (Birmingham, 21 July 1840 – 2 February 1920), the second oldest of the Macdonald sisters, was the wife of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood artist Edward Burne-Jones, mother of painter Philip Burne-Jones, aunt of novelist Rudyard Kipling, confidante and friend of George Eliot, William Morris, and John Ruskin something of a painter and engraver in her own right. She was a Trustee of the South London Gallery and was elected to the parish Council of Rottingdean, near Brighton in Sussex.", "title": "Georgiana Burne-Jones" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Controversy erupted when Madonna decided to adopt from Malawi again. Chifundo \"Mercy\" James was finally adopted in June 2009. Madonna had known Mercy from the time she went to adopt David. Mercy's grandmother had initially protested the adoption, but later gave in, saying \"At first I didn't want her to go but as a family we had to sit down and reach an agreement and we agreed that Mercy should go. The men insisted that Mercy be adopted and I won't resist anymore. I still love Mercy. She is my dearest.\" Mercy's father was still adamant saying that he could not support the adoption since he was alive.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Roman Catholic tradition, the chaplet may be said at any time, but it is said especially on Divine Mercy Sunday and Fridays at 3: 00 PM. The Chaplet is prayed daily at the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. In the Philippines, Singapore, and Hong Kong the ``3 o'clock Prayer ''is broadcast on radio and television stations daily at 3: 00 p.m. In 2000, Pope John Paul II ordained the Sunday after Easter Divine Mercy Sunday, where Roman Catholics remember the institution of the Sacrament of Penance. The hour Jesus died by crucifixion, 3: 00 PM (15: 00), is called the Hour of Mercy. In a novena, the chaplet is usually said each of the nine days from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday.", "title": "Chaplet of the Divine Mercy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the film Knight and Day, the song is being played on a stereo system in a safehouse of a fugitive who is an inventor who is a fan of the duo, who later sports a vintage pin.", "title": "Private Eyes (song)" } ]	Who is the child of the creator of The Merciful Knight?	Philip Burne-Jones	[]	Title: Chaplet of the Divine Mercy Passage: According to Roman Catholic tradition, the chaplet may be said at any time, but it is said especially on Divine Mercy Sunday and Fridays at 3: 00 PM. The Chaplet is prayed daily at the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. In the Philippines, Singapore, and Hong Kong the ``3 o'clock Prayer ''is broadcast on radio and television stations daily at 3: 00 p.m. In 2000, Pope John Paul II ordained the Sunday after Easter Divine Mercy Sunday, where Roman Catholics remember the institution of the Sacrament of Penance. The hour Jesus died by crucifixion, 3: 00 PM (15: 00), is called the Hour of Mercy. In a novena, the chaplet is usually said each of the nine days from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday. Title: The Merciful Knight Passage: The Merciful Knight is a watercolour by the pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones which was completed in 1863 and is currently housed at the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery. Title: Divine Mercy Sunday Passage: Divine Mercy Sunday (also known as the Feast of the Divine Mercy) is celebrated on the Sunday after Easter, the Octave Day of Easter. The feast day is observed by Roman Catholic as well as some Anglicans. It is originally based on the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy that Saint Faustyna Kowalska reported as part of her encounter with Jesus, and is associated with special promises from Jesus and indulgences issued by the Church. Title: King Arthur: Legend of the Sword Passage: Charlie Hunnam as King Arthur, Uther's son, Vortigern's nephew and the would - be king of Britain who was raised by prostitutes. Àstrid Bergès - Frisbey as the Mage, a woman working for Merlin who supports Arthur and the resistance. Djimon Hounsou as Sir Bedivere, the leader of the resistance and a former knight of Uther. Aidan Gillen as Goosefat Bill, a skilled archer, Bedivere's friend, former knight of Uther and member of the resistance. Jude Law as Vortigern, Uther's brother, Elsa's husband, Catia's father, Arthur's uncle and the tyrannical ruthless king of Britain. Eric Bana as Uther Pendragon, Vortigern's brother, Arthur's father and the king of Britain. Kingsley Ben - Adir as Sir Tristan ``Wet Stick '', Arthur and Back Lack's childhood friend who is later knighted by Bedivere. Craig McGinlay as Sir Percival, a member of the resistance who is later turned knighted by Bedivere. Tom Wu as Sir George, Arthur's mentor and a skilled fighter who helps the resistance and is later knighted by Bedivere. Neil Maskell as Back Lack, Arthur and Tristan's childhood friend and Blue's father, who helps the resistance. Freddie Fox as Rubio, a member of the resistance who later betrays them under torture and helps Vortigern. Annabelle Wallis as Maggie, Vortigern's maid who helps the resistance. Bleu Landau as Blue, Back Lack's son. Mikael Persbrandt as Greybeard, a viking who has deals with Vortigern. Poppy Delevingne as Igraine, Arthur's mother and Uther's wife: she is killed by Vortigern in the beginning of the film. Title: Brevin Knight Passage: Brevin Adon Knight (born November 8, 1975) is an American retired professional basketball point guard who played with nine teams in the NBA from 1997 to 2009. Knight played college basketball at Stanford University and was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1997. He is the brother of Brandin Knight. Title: Knight Passage: The institution of knights was already well - established by the 10th century. While the knight was essentially a title denoting a military office, the term could also be used for positions of higher nobility such as landholders. The higher nobles grant the vassals their portions of land (fiefs) in return for their loyalty, protection, and service. The nobles also provided their knights with necessities, such as lodging, food, armour, weapons, horses, and money. The knight generally held his lands by military tenure which was measured through military service that usually lasted 40 days a year. The military service was the quid pro quo for each knight's fief. Vassals and lords could maintain any number of knights, although knights with more military experience were those most sought after. Thus, all petty nobles intending to become prosperous knights needed a great deal of military experience. A knight fighting under another's banner was called a knight bachelor while a knight fighting under his own banner was a knight banneret. Title: Knights of Xentar Passage: Knights of Xentar is an eroge role-playing video game published for the MS-DOS in North America by Megatech Software in 1995 and has been originally published as Dragon Knight III (ドラゴンナイトIII) in Japan in 1992-1994. It is part of the "Dragon Knight" series of games created by Japanese game developer ELF, who originally released the game for the NEC PC-9801 computer in 1991, followed by ports for the Sharp X68000 and PC Engine CD platforms. Title: Mercy (2000 film) Passage: Mercy is a 2000 erotic thriller film directed by Damian Harris and starring Ellen Barkin. The movie was based on a novel written by David L. Lindsey. Title: Knights Who Say "Ni!" Passage: The head knight acknowledges that ``it is a good shrubbery '', but asserts that the knights can not allow Arthur and his followers to pass through the wood because they are no longer the Knights who say`` Ni!'' They are now the Knights who say ``Ekke Ekke Ekke Ekke Ptang Zoo Boing! ''and must therefore give Arthur a test. Unable to pronounce the new name, Arthur addresses them as`` Knights who until recently said 'Ni!','' inquiring as to the nature of the test. The head knight demands another shrubbery, to be placed next to but slightly higher than the first; and then Arthur ``must cut down the mightiest tree in the forest -- with a herring! ''The knight presents a herring to be used. Arthur objects, asserting that`` it ca n't be done!'' upon which the knights recoil as though in fear and pain. It soon emerges that the knights are unable to withstand the word ``it '', which Arthur's party is unable to avoid saying. The knights are soon incapacitated by the word, which even the head knight can not stop repeating, allowing Arthur and his followers to make their escape. Title: Private Eyes (song) Passage: In the film Knight and Day, the song is being played on a stereo system in a safehouse of a fugitive who is an inventor who is a fan of the duo, who later sports a vintage pin. Title: Don Stewart (preacher) Passage: Don Stewart (born Donald Lee Stewart on October 25, 1939, in Prescott, Arizona) is a Pentecostal minister and purported faith healer. He is a televangelist who hosts "Power and Mercy" on Black Entertainment Television, The Word Network, and other television channels. He is the successor to the late A. A. Allen's organization. Title: Church of Divine Mercy Passage: The Church of Divine Mercy is a Catholic church in Singapore. It is located at 19 Pasir Ris Street 72. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Controversy erupted when Madonna decided to adopt from Malawi again. Chifundo "Mercy" James was finally adopted in June 2009. Madonna had known Mercy from the time she went to adopt David. Mercy's grandmother had initially protested the adoption, but later gave in, saying "At first I didn't want her to go but as a family we had to sit down and reach an agreement and we agreed that Mercy should go. The men insisted that Mercy be adopted and I won't resist anymore. I still love Mercy. She is my dearest." Mercy's father was still adamant saying that he could not support the adoption since he was alive. Title: The Warrior (song) Passage: ``The Warrior ''is a song by American rock band Scandal, from the album Warrior. The song was written by Holly Knight (`` Love Is a Battlefield'') and Nick Gilder (``Hot Child in the City ''). The song went to number one in Canada and number seven in the United States, as well as number one on the Mainstream Rock chart in the US, in addition to winning a BMI Airplay Award in 1984. The music video of the song depicts the apocalypse in a warehouse. Title: Georgiana Burne-Jones Passage: Georgiana Burne-Jones, Lady Burne-Jones (Birmingham, 21 July 1840 – 2 February 1920), the second oldest of the Macdonald sisters, was the wife of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood artist Edward Burne-Jones, mother of painter Philip Burne-Jones, aunt of novelist Rudyard Kipling, confidante and friend of George Eliot, William Morris, and John Ruskin something of a painter and engraver in her own right. She was a Trustee of the South London Gallery and was elected to the parish Council of Rottingdean, near Brighton in Sussex. Title: Hide Your Heart (song) Passage: Hide Your Heart is a song by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler, released on her 1988 album Hide Your Heart. The song is written by Kiss' rhythm guitarist and vocalist Paul Stanley, Desmond Child and Holly Knight. Although the song failed to chart (except in Finland), it has appeared on several compilations. Title: Somewhere Far Beyond Passage: Somewhere Far Beyond is the fourth studio album by German power metal band Blind Guardian. It was released in 1992 and produced by Kalle Trapp. The cover artwork was created by Andreas Marschall, who drew the artwork for other Blind Guardian's releases ("Tales from the Twilight World", "Nightfall in Middle-Earth", etc.). The album saw the band creating its own original sound, while still employing most of their speed/power metal techniques. Title: Mercy College (Dublin) Passage: Mercy College Coolock is a Catholic girls' secondary school in Coolock, Dublin, Ireland. It was founded in 1963 by the Sisters of Mercy. It shares grounds with Coolock House, formerly the home of Catherine McAuley, founder of the Sisters of Mercy, and with Scoil Chaitríona, a girls' primary school. Title: Jade Goddess of Mercy Passage: Jade Goddess of Mercy or Goddess of Mercy () is a 2003 film directed by Ann Hui, starring Zhao Wei and Nicholas Tse. Title: George Comstock (astronomer) Passage: He was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the eldest child of Charles Henry Comstock and Mercy Bronson. In 1877 he was awarded a Ph.B. from the University of Michigan, after studying mathematics and astronomy. For a couple of years he worked for the U.S. Lake Survey and then a Mississippi River improvement project, before joining Washburn Observatory as the assistant director in 1879. As career insurance, during his free moments he studied law and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1883 after graduating from Wisconsin law school. However, he would never practice the legal profession.	[ "The Merciful Knight", "Georgiana Burne-Jones" ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.