Split (1)

train · 19.9k rows

id stringlengths 13 34	paragraphs listlengths 16 20	question stringlengths 29 283	answer stringlengths 1 100	answer_aliases listlengths 0 10	context stringlengths 466 19.2k	citations listlengths 2 4
3hop2__89818_686301_4107	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe. In the 15th century, twenty-eight new ones were created, with another eighteen added between 1500 and 1625. This pace continued until by the end of the 18th century there were approximately 143 universities in Europe and Eastern Europe, with the highest concentrations in the German Empire (34), Italian countries (26), France (25), and Spain (23) – this was close to a 500% increase over the number of universities toward the end of the Middle Ages. This number does not include the numerous universities that disappeared, or institutions that merged with other universities during this time. It should be noted that the identification of a university was not necessarily obvious during the Early Modern period, as the term is applied to a burgeoning number of institutions. In fact, the term \"university\" was not always used to designate a higher education institution. In Mediterranean countries, the term studium generale was still often used, while \"Academy\" was common in Northern European countries.", "title": "University" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term \"the Alps\", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer. The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont, pic, dent and aiguille in French speaking regions; and monte, picco or cima in Italian speaking regions.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg only became predominantly French-speaking by the end of the 19th century. In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The \"Low\" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλεκτος diálektos, \"discourse\", from διά diá, \"through\" and λέγω legō, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Datanet 1 was the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines (using the X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad (using the DNIC 2049). And because the main Videotex service used the network and modified PAD devices as infrastructure the name Datanet 1 was used for these services as well. Although this use of the name was incorrect all these services were managed by the same people within one department of KPN contributed to the confusion.", "title": "Packet switching" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for \"Dutch\", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the end of the 15th century, but received competition from the more popular terminology Nederduits, \"Low Dutch\", for several reasons. One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, \"High Dutch\", meaning the language spoken in Germany. The Hoog was later dropped, and thus, Duits narrowed down in meaning to refer to the German language.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (German for \"Eastphalia University of Applied Sciences\", known as Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel until 2009), is a Fachhochschule in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The predecessor of the college, Staatliche Ingenieurschule Wolfenbüttel (State Engineering School Wolfenbuettel), was founded in 1928. It merged with two other independent institutions in August 1971.", "title": "Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Frietmuseum (Fries museum) is a museum in Bruges, Belgium, which is devoted to the history of potatoes and the production of Belgian fries. It describes itself as \"the first and only museum dedicated to potato fries\".", "title": "Frietmuseum" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The geographical terms \"Near East\" and \"Far East\" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies of the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Germans, fit together as a pair based on the opposites of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century. Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A tablespoon is a large spoon used for serving or eating. In many English - speaking regions, the term now refers to a large spoon used for serving, however, in some regions, including parts of Canada, it is the largest type of spoon used for eating. By extension, the term is used as a measure of volume in cooking. In this capacity, it is most commonly abbreviated tbsp or T, and occasionally referred to as a tablespoonful to distinguish it from the utensil. The unit of measurement varies by region: a United States tablespoon is approximately 14.8 ml (0.50 US fl oz), a United Kingdom tablespoon is exactly 15 ml (0.51 US fl oz), and an Australian tablespoon is 20 ml (0.68 US fl oz). The capacity of the utensil (as opposed to the measurement) is not defined by law or custom and bears no particular relation to the measurement.", "title": "Tablespoon" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands (``Hollandic ''), West - Vlaams (`` West Flemish''), Brabants (``Brabantian ''). Sometimes Vlaams (`` Flemish'') is used as well to describe Standard Dutch in Flanders. Over time, the Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch Dietsc, Duutsc or Duitsc was used. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, which literarily means ``popular ''or`` belonging to the populace''. In Western Europe the term was used for the language of the local Germanic populace as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, theodisce refers to Anglo - Saxon, the West Germanic dialects of Britain. Although in Britain the name Englisc replaced theodisce on an early age, speakers of West Germanic in other parts of Europe kept on using it as a reference to their local speech.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A bachelorette party, hen (s) party, hen (s) night or hen (s) do, is a party held for a woman who is about to get married. The terms hen party, hen do or hen night are used in the United Kingdom and Ireland, while the terms hens party or hens night are common in Australia and New Zealand, and the term bachelorette party is common in the United States and Canada. The terms stagette and hen party are sometimes used in Canada. It may also be referred to as a girls' night out or kitchen tea (South Africa in particular) or other terms in other English - speaking countries. Other pre-wedding celebrations, such as the bridesmaids luncheon, are often held in lieu of bachelorette parties due to the latter's association with licentiousness in some social circles since the 1980s.", "title": "Bachelorette party" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Baumer (born 29 May 1960 in Fribourg (Switzerland) is a Swiss economist and expert for Intercultural competence and Personality assessment. He developed parts of the \"prognostic personality and abilities assessment\" and coined this term especially within the German speaking countries.", "title": "Thomas Baumer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term \"Enlightenment\" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay \"Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?\" (\"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?\") the German term became 'Aufklärung' (aufklären = to illuminate; sich aufklären = to clear up). However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent. Terms like \"les Lumières\" (French), \"illuminismo\" (Italian), \"ilustración\" (Spanish) and \"Aufklärung\" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements. Not until the late nineteenth century did English scholars agree they were talking about \"the Enlightenment.\"", "title": "Age of Enlightenment" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (\"Jura Bernois\"). While the majority of the population speaks German, the German form of the municipality name, \"Tramlingen-Berg\", is no longer used. Even though it is in the French-speaking part of the canton of Bern, there is a German public school.", "title": "Mont-Tramelan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michelle is a given name, originally the French feminine form of Michel, from the Hebrew name Michael meaning \"Who is like God?\". It is now extensively used in English-speaking as well as French-speaking countries. It is also a surname.", "title": "Michelle (name)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative \"yrkeshögskola\" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term \"polytechnic\" to the term \"university of applied sciences\" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English[n 5] and is said to be roughly in between them.[n 6] Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including the case system.[n 7] Features shared with German include the survival of three grammatical genders—albeit with few grammatical consequences[n 8]—as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order.[n 9] Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic and incorporates more Romance loans than German but fewer than English.[n 10]", "title": "Dutch language" } ]	What term is used in the country where Frietmuseum is located and the country where people speak Dutch to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?	hogeschool	[]	Title: Tablespoon Passage: A tablespoon is a large spoon used for serving or eating. In many English - speaking regions, the term now refers to a large spoon used for serving, however, in some regions, including parts of Canada, it is the largest type of spoon used for eating. By extension, the term is used as a measure of volume in cooking. In this capacity, it is most commonly abbreviated tbsp or T, and occasionally referred to as a tablespoonful to distinguish it from the utensil. The unit of measurement varies by region: a United States tablespoon is approximately 14.8 ml (0.50 US fl oz), a United Kingdom tablespoon is exactly 15 ml (0.51 US fl oz), and an Australian tablespoon is 20 ml (0.68 US fl oz). The capacity of the utensil (as opposed to the measurement) is not defined by law or custom and bears no particular relation to the measurement. Title: Thomas Baumer Passage: Thomas Baumer (born 29 May 1960 in Fribourg (Switzerland) is a Swiss economist and expert for Intercultural competence and Personality assessment. He developed parts of the "prognostic personality and abilities assessment" and coined this term especially within the German speaking countries. Title: University Passage: During the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe. In the 15th century, twenty-eight new ones were created, with another eighteen added between 1500 and 1625. This pace continued until by the end of the 18th century there were approximately 143 universities in Europe and Eastern Europe, with the highest concentrations in the German Empire (34), Italian countries (26), France (25), and Spain (23) – this was close to a 500% increase over the number of universities toward the end of the Middle Ages. This number does not include the numerous universities that disappeared, or institutions that merged with other universities during this time. It should be noted that the identification of a university was not necessarily obvious during the Early Modern period, as the term is applied to a burgeoning number of institutions. In fact, the term "university" was not always used to designate a higher education institution. In Mediterranean countries, the term studium generale was still often used, while "Academy" was common in Northern European countries. Title: Dutch language Passage: In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the end of the 15th century, but received competition from the more popular terminology Nederduits, "Low Dutch", for several reasons. One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, "High Dutch", meaning the language spoken in Germany. The Hoog was later dropped, and thus, Duits narrowed down in meaning to refer to the German language. Title: Dutch language Passage: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period. Title: Near East Passage: The geographical terms "Near East" and "Far East" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies of the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Germans, fit together as a pair based on the opposites of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century. Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire. Title: Institute of technology Passage: Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland. Title: Michelle (name) Passage: Michelle is a given name, originally the French feminine form of Michel, from the Hebrew name Michael meaning "Who is like God?". It is now extensively used in English-speaking as well as French-speaking countries. It is also a surname. Title: Dutch language Passage: In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands (``Hollandic ''), West - Vlaams (`` West Flemish''), Brabants (``Brabantian ''). Sometimes Vlaams (`` Flemish'') is used as well to describe Standard Dutch in Flanders. Over time, the Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch Dietsc, Duutsc or Duitsc was used. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, which literarily means ``popular ''or`` belonging to the populace''. In Western Europe the term was used for the language of the local Germanic populace as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, theodisce refers to Anglo - Saxon, the West Germanic dialects of Britain. Although in Britain the name Englisc replaced theodisce on an early age, speakers of West Germanic in other parts of Europe kept on using it as a reference to their local speech. Title: Dialect Passage: The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλεκτος diálektos, "discourse", from διά diá, "through" and λέγω legō, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena. Title: Dutch language Passage: Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English[n 5] and is said to be roughly in between them.[n 6] Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including the case system.[n 7] Features shared with German include the survival of three grammatical genders—albeit with few grammatical consequences[n 8]—as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order.[n 9] Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic and incorporates more Romance loans than German but fewer than English.[n 10] Title: Dutch language Passage: Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg only became predominantly French-speaking by the end of the 19th century. In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes. Title: Bachelorette party Passage: A bachelorette party, hen (s) party, hen (s) night or hen (s) do, is a party held for a woman who is about to get married. The terms hen party, hen do or hen night are used in the United Kingdom and Ireland, while the terms hens party or hens night are common in Australia and New Zealand, and the term bachelorette party is common in the United States and Canada. The terms stagette and hen party are sometimes used in Canada. It may also be referred to as a girls' night out or kitchen tea (South Africa in particular) or other terms in other English - speaking countries. Other pre-wedding celebrations, such as the bridesmaids luncheon, are often held in lieu of bachelorette parties due to the latter's association with licentiousness in some social circles since the 1980s. Title: Frietmuseum Passage: The Frietmuseum (Fries museum) is a museum in Bruges, Belgium, which is devoted to the history of potatoes and the production of Belgian fries. It describes itself as "the first and only museum dedicated to potato fries". Title: Packet switching Passage: Datanet 1 was the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines (using the X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad (using the DNIC 2049). And because the main Videotex service used the network and modified PAD devices as infrastructure the name Datanet 1 was used for these services as well. Although this use of the name was incorrect all these services were managed by the same people within one department of KPN contributed to the confusion. Title: Alps Passage: In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer. The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont, pic, dent and aiguille in French speaking regions; and monte, picco or cima in Italian speaking regions. Title: Age of Enlightenment Passage: The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?" ("Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?") the German term became 'Aufklärung' (aufklären = to illuminate; sich aufklären = to clear up). However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent. Terms like "les Lumières" (French), "illuminismo" (Italian), "ilustración" (Spanish) and "Aufklärung" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements. Not until the late nineteenth century did English scholars agree they were talking about "the Enlightenment." Title: Institute of technology Passage: Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas. Title: Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences Passage: Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (German for "Eastphalia University of Applied Sciences", known as Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel until 2009), is a Fachhochschule in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The predecessor of the college, Staatliche Ingenieurschule Wolfenbüttel (State Engineering School Wolfenbuettel), was founded in 1928. It merged with two other independent institutions in August 1971. Title: Mont-Tramelan Passage: Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). While the majority of the population speaks German, the German form of the municipality name, "Tramlingen-Berg", is no longer used. Even though it is in the French-speaking part of the canton of Bern, there is a German public school.	[ "Frietmuseum", "Dutch language", "Institute of technology" ]
2hop__129892_45142	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dobrich Knoll (Dobrichka Mogila \\'do-brich-ka mo-'gi-la\\) rises to over 400 m in the middle of Veleka Ridge, Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in Antarctica. It overlooks Tarnovo Ice Piedmont to the east and Arkutino Beach to the west. The knoll is named after the Bulgarian city of Dobrich.", "title": "Dobrich Knoll" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Feyerharm Knoll () is an ice-covered knoll on the lower northeastern slope of Mount Sidley, in the Executive Committee Range of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the United States Geological Survey during the Executive Committee Range Traverse of 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for William R. Feyerharm, a meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1960.", "title": "Feyerharm Knoll" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the headquarters of CBS Corporation. Located at 51 West 52nd Street at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), the Eero Saarinen designed building opened in 1965. It is 38 stories and tall with approximately rentable of space. The interior and furnishings were designed by Saarinen and Florence Knoll.", "title": "CBS Building" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kieffer Knoll () is a rocky knoll which marks the extreme northeast corner of the Queen Elizabeth Range, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1960–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Hugh H. Kieffer, a United States Antarctic Research Program glaciologist at Roosevelt Island, 1961–62.", "title": "Kieffer Knoll" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coral Ridge Mall opened on July 29, 1998, with 100% of its floor space leased. It attracted one million visitors in its first 30 days and continues to attract roughly 10 million visitors a year. It also spawned additional retail development at the interchange of I-80 and Iowa Highway 965, now known as Coral Ridge Avenue. Big-box stores such as Kohl's, Lowe's, Dressbarn and a Wal-Mart Supercenter (currently branded as simply Walmart) have opened in the years following Coral Ridge's opening.", "title": "Coral Ridge Mall" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam's West, Inc. (doing business as Sam's Club) is an American chain of membership-only retail warehouse clubs owned and operated by Walmart Inc., founded in 1983 and named after Walmart founder Sam Walton. , Sam's Club ranks second in sales volume among warehouse clubs with $57.839 billion in sales (in fiscal year 2019) behind rival Costco Wholesale.", "title": "Sam's Club" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1991, the company expanded into Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. Walmart expanded worldwide this year, with the opening of their first store outside the United States in Mexico City. They also acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc. of Amarillo, Texas. 1991 also saw the launch of the Sam's American Choice brand of products.", "title": "History of Walmart" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While Novalee and Lexi are reading letters that have been sent supporting her, Novalee's mother, Mama Lil (Sally Field), who abandoned her as a child, sees her on television and appears at the hospital. Her mother, claiming the women can pool their money and get an apartment together, takes the $500 that Novalee received as a gift from the President of Walmart. Novalee also tells Mama Lil that Walmart has offered her a job in any of the Walmart stores across the country.", "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zemen Knoll (Zemenska Mogila \\'ze-men-ska mo-'gi-la\\) is a peak of 453 m in the Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The knoll overlooks Kaliakra Glacier to the southeast, and Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest and west. The feature is named after the town of Zemen in Western Bulgaria.", "title": "Zemen Knoll" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wonderland Village is an outdoor shopping center in Livonia, Michigan, United States, a suburb of Detroit. The center is located at the southwest corner of Middlebelt Road and Plymouth Road, approximately one mile south of I-96. Walmart and Target are the complex's anchor stores.", "title": "Wonderland Village" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company was founded by Chicago - born George Cohon. The first store opened in 1967 as the Western Canadian franchisee and operated with the U.S. operations. Cohon was the Eastern Canadian franchise and opened his store in 1968 on Oxford Street West in London, Ontario. In 1971, Cohon merged the two operations to one national operation. Cohon was responsible for developing the eastern Canadian franchises. The first McDonald's restaurant in Canada was opened in 1967 in Richmond, British Columbia, by western franchise owners. It was also the first McDonald's restaurant outside of the United States. As of 2014, McDonald's Canada had 1,400 stores (including Walmart Canada locations) in Canada, and more than 85,000 Canadian employees.", "title": "McDonald's Canada" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mefford Knoll () is a rocky knoll or ledge on the lower west slopes of the Mount Berlin massif, in the Flood Range of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Michael Mefford, a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program team that studied ice sheet dynamics in the area northeast of Byrd Station, 1971–72.", "title": "Mefford Knoll" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ditto Knolls is a historic home and farm located near Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It was built about 1790, and is a five-bay, two-story brick house with a two-bay, one-story brick rear wing. It features a one-story entrance porch supported by Doric columns. Also on the property is a large stone bank barn and springhouse. It is one of two historic farm complexes located in Ditto Farm Regional Park, along with the Henry McCauley Farm.", "title": "Ditto Knolls" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 14, 2006, the company announced that it would phase out its layaway program, citing declining use and increased costs. Layaway ceased on November 19, 2006, and required merchandise pickup by December 8, 2006. Walmart now focuses on other payment options, such as increased use of six - and twelve - month, zero - interest financing. The layaway location in most stores is now used for Walmart's Site - To - Store program, which was introduced in March 2007. This enables walmart.com customers to buy goods online with a free shipping option, and have goods shipped to the nearest store for pickup. Walmart continues to offer seasonal Layaway on select categories from late summer through early Christmas and year - round in their jewelry department.", "title": "Walmart" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1988, Walmart was operating in 27 states, having expanded into Arizona, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, New Jersey, and Wyoming. By 1990, they expanded into California (which marked Walmart officially becoming a fully nationwide retailer), Nevada, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Utah. The Walmart Visitor's Center also opened this year on the site of Sam Walton's original store.", "title": "History of Walmart" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of January 31, 2018, Sam's Club operates 597 membership warehouse clubs in 44 U.S. states. Alaska, Massachusetts, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington are the only states where Sam's Club does not operate, as is the case for the District of Columbia. Walmart International also operates Sam's Clubs in Mexico, Brazil, and China. It has 162 locations in Mexico, 27 locations in Brazil, and 19 in China. Locations generally range in size from 94,000 -- 161,000 sq ft (8,700 -- 15,000 m), with an average club size of approximately 134,000 sq ft (12,400 m).", "title": "Sam's Club" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walmart Inc. Walmart's current logo since 2008 Walmart's official headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas Formerly called Wal - Mart, Inc. (1969 -- 70) Wal - Mart Stores, Inc. (1970 -- 2018) Type Public Traded as NYSE: WMT DJIA component S&P 100 component S&P 500 component ISIN US9311421039 Industry Retail Founded July 2, 1962; 55 years ago (1962 - 07 - 02) Rogers, Arkansas, U.S. Founder Sam Walton Headquarters Bentonville, Arkansas, United States Number of locations 11,718 stores worldwide (January 31, 2018) Area served Worldwide Key people Greg Penner (Chairman) Doug McMillon (President & CEO) Products Electronics Movies and music Home and furniture Home improvement Clothing Footwear Jewelry Toys Health and beauty Pet supplies Sporting goods and fitness Auto Photo finishing Craft supplies Party supplies Grocery Services Walmart - 2 - Walmart Walmart MoneyCard Pickup Today Walmart.com Walmart Pay Revenue US $500.34 billion (2018) Operating income US $20.437 billion (2018) Net income US $9.862 billion (2018) Total assets US $204.52 billion (2018) Total equity US $77.869 billion (2018) Owner Walton family (51%) Number of employees 2.3 million, Worldwide (2017) 1.4 million, U.S. (2017) Divisions Walmart U.S. Walmart International Sam's Club Global eCommerce Subsidiaries Walmart Canada Walmart Mexico Walmart Chile Walmart de México y Centroamérica @ WalmartLabs Walmart Neighborhood Market Asda Amigo Supermarkets Vudu Massmart Seiyu Group Bompreço Líder Jet.com Hayneedle Moosejaw ModCloth Flipkart Website Corporate website Commercial website Footnotes / references", "title": "Walmart" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lundström Knoll () is a rock knoll rising to about to the northeast of the Chevreul Cliffs in Pioneers Escarpment, Shackleton Range, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy, 1967, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey, 1968–71. The knoll was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in association with the names of pioneers of polar life and travel grouped in this area, after Johan E. Lundström, the Swedish inventor of the first true \"strike-on-box safety match\" in 1855.", "title": "Lundström Knoll" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Koll Rock, also known as Blake Island is a large rock located southeast of Oom Island in the west side of Oom Bay, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named \"Kollskjer\" (knoll rock).", "title": "Koll Rock" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto's Pub & Brewery is a brewpub in State College, Pennsylvania, USA. It first opened in 2002 and has been at its current location since 2010. It is located approximately three miles from the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.", "title": "Otto's Pub & Brewery" } ]	When did the first Walmart open in the state where Ditto Knolls is located?	1991	[]	Title: Walmart Passage: Walmart Inc. Walmart's current logo since 2008 Walmart's official headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas Formerly called Wal - Mart, Inc. (1969 -- 70) Wal - Mart Stores, Inc. (1970 -- 2018) Type Public Traded as NYSE: WMT DJIA component S&P 100 component S&P 500 component ISIN US9311421039 Industry Retail Founded July 2, 1962; 55 years ago (1962 - 07 - 02) Rogers, Arkansas, U.S. Founder Sam Walton Headquarters Bentonville, Arkansas, United States Number of locations 11,718 stores worldwide (January 31, 2018) Area served Worldwide Key people Greg Penner (Chairman) Doug McMillon (President & CEO) Products Electronics Movies and music Home and furniture Home improvement Clothing Footwear Jewelry Toys Health and beauty Pet supplies Sporting goods and fitness Auto Photo finishing Craft supplies Party supplies Grocery Services Walmart - 2 - Walmart Walmart MoneyCard Pickup Today Walmart.com Walmart Pay Revenue US $500.34 billion (2018) Operating income US $20.437 billion (2018) Net income US $9.862 billion (2018) Total assets US $204.52 billion (2018) Total equity US $77.869 billion (2018) Owner Walton family (51%) Number of employees 2.3 million, Worldwide (2017) 1.4 million, U.S. (2017) Divisions Walmart U.S. Walmart International Sam's Club Global eCommerce Subsidiaries Walmart Canada Walmart Mexico Walmart Chile Walmart de México y Centroamérica @ WalmartLabs Walmart Neighborhood Market Asda Amigo Supermarkets Vudu Massmart Seiyu Group Bompreço Líder Jet.com Hayneedle Moosejaw ModCloth Flipkart Website Corporate website Commercial website Footnotes / references Title: CBS Building Passage: The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the headquarters of CBS Corporation. Located at 51 West 52nd Street at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), the Eero Saarinen designed building opened in 1965. It is 38 stories and tall with approximately rentable of space. The interior and furnishings were designed by Saarinen and Florence Knoll. Title: Otto's Pub & Brewery Passage: Otto's Pub & Brewery is a brewpub in State College, Pennsylvania, USA. It first opened in 2002 and has been at its current location since 2010. It is located approximately three miles from the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University. Title: Feyerharm Knoll Passage: Feyerharm Knoll () is an ice-covered knoll on the lower northeastern slope of Mount Sidley, in the Executive Committee Range of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the United States Geological Survey during the Executive Committee Range Traverse of 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for William R. Feyerharm, a meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1960. Title: McDonald's Canada Passage: The company was founded by Chicago - born George Cohon. The first store opened in 1967 as the Western Canadian franchisee and operated with the U.S. operations. Cohon was the Eastern Canadian franchise and opened his store in 1968 on Oxford Street West in London, Ontario. In 1971, Cohon merged the two operations to one national operation. Cohon was responsible for developing the eastern Canadian franchises. The first McDonald's restaurant in Canada was opened in 1967 in Richmond, British Columbia, by western franchise owners. It was also the first McDonald's restaurant outside of the United States. As of 2014, McDonald's Canada had 1,400 stores (including Walmart Canada locations) in Canada, and more than 85,000 Canadian employees. Title: Lundström Knoll Passage: Lundström Knoll () is a rock knoll rising to about to the northeast of the Chevreul Cliffs in Pioneers Escarpment, Shackleton Range, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy, 1967, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey, 1968–71. The knoll was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in association with the names of pioneers of polar life and travel grouped in this area, after Johan E. Lundström, the Swedish inventor of the first true "strike-on-box safety match" in 1855. Title: Zemen Knoll Passage: Zemen Knoll (Zemenska Mogila \'ze-men-ska mo-'gi-la\) is a peak of 453 m in the Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The knoll overlooks Kaliakra Glacier to the southeast, and Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest and west. The feature is named after the town of Zemen in Western Bulgaria. Title: Sam's Club Passage: Sam's West, Inc. (doing business as Sam's Club) is an American chain of membership-only retail warehouse clubs owned and operated by Walmart Inc., founded in 1983 and named after Walmart founder Sam Walton. , Sam's Club ranks second in sales volume among warehouse clubs with $57.839 billion in sales (in fiscal year 2019) behind rival Costco Wholesale. Title: Coral Ridge Mall Passage: Coral Ridge Mall opened on July 29, 1998, with 100% of its floor space leased. It attracted one million visitors in its first 30 days and continues to attract roughly 10 million visitors a year. It also spawned additional retail development at the interchange of I-80 and Iowa Highway 965, now known as Coral Ridge Avenue. Big-box stores such as Kohl's, Lowe's, Dressbarn and a Wal-Mart Supercenter (currently branded as simply Walmart) have opened in the years following Coral Ridge's opening. Title: History of Walmart Passage: By 1988, Walmart was operating in 27 states, having expanded into Arizona, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, New Jersey, and Wyoming. By 1990, they expanded into California (which marked Walmart officially becoming a fully nationwide retailer), Nevada, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Utah. The Walmart Visitor's Center also opened this year on the site of Sam Walton's original store. Title: Ditto Knolls Passage: Ditto Knolls is a historic home and farm located near Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It was built about 1790, and is a five-bay, two-story brick house with a two-bay, one-story brick rear wing. It features a one-story entrance porch supported by Doric columns. Also on the property is a large stone bank barn and springhouse. It is one of two historic farm complexes located in Ditto Farm Regional Park, along with the Henry McCauley Farm. Title: Sam's Club Passage: As of January 31, 2018, Sam's Club operates 597 membership warehouse clubs in 44 U.S. states. Alaska, Massachusetts, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington are the only states where Sam's Club does not operate, as is the case for the District of Columbia. Walmart International also operates Sam's Clubs in Mexico, Brazil, and China. It has 162 locations in Mexico, 27 locations in Brazil, and 19 in China. Locations generally range in size from 94,000 -- 161,000 sq ft (8,700 -- 15,000 m), with an average club size of approximately 134,000 sq ft (12,400 m). Title: Kieffer Knoll Passage: Kieffer Knoll () is a rocky knoll which marks the extreme northeast corner of the Queen Elizabeth Range, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1960–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Hugh H. Kieffer, a United States Antarctic Research Program glaciologist at Roosevelt Island, 1961–62. Title: Where the Heart Is (2000 film) Passage: While Novalee and Lexi are reading letters that have been sent supporting her, Novalee's mother, Mama Lil (Sally Field), who abandoned her as a child, sees her on television and appears at the hospital. Her mother, claiming the women can pool their money and get an apartment together, takes the $500 that Novalee received as a gift from the President of Walmart. Novalee also tells Mama Lil that Walmart has offered her a job in any of the Walmart stores across the country. Title: Dobrich Knoll Passage: Dobrich Knoll (Dobrichka Mogila \'do-brich-ka mo-'gi-la\) rises to over 400 m in the middle of Veleka Ridge, Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in Antarctica. It overlooks Tarnovo Ice Piedmont to the east and Arkutino Beach to the west. The knoll is named after the Bulgarian city of Dobrich. Title: Koll Rock Passage: Koll Rock, also known as Blake Island is a large rock located southeast of Oom Island in the west side of Oom Bay, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named "Kollskjer" (knoll rock). Title: Wonderland Village Passage: Wonderland Village is an outdoor shopping center in Livonia, Michigan, United States, a suburb of Detroit. The center is located at the southwest corner of Middlebelt Road and Plymouth Road, approximately one mile south of I-96. Walmart and Target are the complex's anchor stores. Title: Walmart Passage: On September 14, 2006, the company announced that it would phase out its layaway program, citing declining use and increased costs. Layaway ceased on November 19, 2006, and required merchandise pickup by December 8, 2006. Walmart now focuses on other payment options, such as increased use of six - and twelve - month, zero - interest financing. The layaway location in most stores is now used for Walmart's Site - To - Store program, which was introduced in March 2007. This enables walmart.com customers to buy goods online with a free shipping option, and have goods shipped to the nearest store for pickup. Walmart continues to offer seasonal Layaway on select categories from late summer through early Christmas and year - round in their jewelry department. Title: History of Walmart Passage: In 1991, the company expanded into Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. Walmart expanded worldwide this year, with the opening of their first store outside the United States in Mexico City. They also acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc. of Amarillo, Texas. 1991 also saw the launch of the Sam's American Choice brand of products. Title: Mefford Knoll Passage: Mefford Knoll () is a rocky knoll or ledge on the lower west slopes of the Mount Berlin massif, in the Flood Range of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Michael Mefford, a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program team that studied ice sheet dynamics in the area northeast of Byrd Station, 1971–72.	[ "History of Walmart", "Ditto Knolls" ]
2hop__103913_87175	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities. The ensuing Crimean War (1854–56), which involved new techniques of modern warfare, and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica, was a resounding defeat for Russia. The situation remained unresolved in Central Asia for two more decades, with Britain annexing Baluchistan in 1876 and Russia annexing Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable, but the two countries reached an agreement on their respective spheres of influence in the region in 1878 and on all outstanding matters in 1907 with the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. The destruction of the Russian Navy by the Japanese at the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 also limited its threat to the British.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Moses was born in Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He belonged to a merchant family of British descent who had settled in Kristiansund to conduct the trade of large-scale fish exports. John Moses was one of Kristiansund's leading businessmen. He ran an export and import business, together with a shipping company. From the 1820s, he was living in London, where he ran the shipping business, conducting trading in a number of European countries.", "title": "John Moses (Norwegian politician)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London.", "title": "Declarations of war during World War II" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Withnail and I is a 1987 British black comedy film written and directed by Bruce Robinson. Loosely based on Robinson's life in London in the late 1960s, the plot follows two unemployed actors, Withnail and \"I\" (portrayed by Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann, respectively) who share a flat in Camden Town in 1969. Needing a holiday, they obtain the key to a country cottage in the Lake District belonging to Withnail's eccentric uncle Monty and drive there. The weekend holiday proves less recuperative than they expected.", "title": "Withnail and I" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms.", "title": "Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This England is a 1941 British historical drama film directed by David MacDonald and starring John Clements, Constance Cummings and Emlyn Williams. The film follows the small English village of Cleveley and its historic resistance against tyrannical invaders recounted by one of the inhabitants to a visiting American journalist.", "title": "This England (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Can Ladies Kill? is a crime novel by British author Peter Cheyney first published in 1938 by William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd. Set in San Francisco and featuring Cheyney's creation, G-Man Lemmy Caution, it belongs to the hardboiled school of crime writing.", "title": "Can Ladies Kill?" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By the 12th century, Ireland was divided politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty kingdoms and over-kingdoms. Power was exercised by the heads of a few regional dynasties vying against each other for supremacy over the whole island. One of these men, King Diarmait Mac Murchada of Leinster was forcibly exiled by the new High King, Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair of the Western kingdom of Connacht. Fleeing to Aquitaine, Diarmait obtained permission from Henry II to recruit Norman knights to regain his kingdom. The first Norman knight landed in Ireland in 1167, followed by the main forces of Normans, Welsh and Flemings. Several counties were restored to the control of Diarmait, who named his son - in - law, the Norman Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, heir to his kingdom. This troubled King Henry, who feared the establishment of a rival Norman state in Ireland. Accordingly, he resolved to establish his authority. In 1177 Prince John Lackland was made Lord of Ireland by his father Henry II of England at the Council of Oxford.", "title": "History of Ireland" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 1958, redundancies affecting almost 800 of their 2,500 staff were announced. Scottish Aviation merged with the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics to form British Aerospace in 1977. Much of the former Scottish Aviation assets now belong to Spirit AeroSystems.", "title": "Scottish Aviation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Continental System or Continental Blockade (known in French as Blocus continental) was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. As a response to the naval blockade of the French coasts enacted by the British government on 16 May 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree on 21 November 1806, which brought into effect a large - scale embargo against British trade. The embargo was effective intermittently. It ended on 11 April 1814 after Napoleon's first abdication. In terms of economic damage to Great Britain, the blockade was largely ineffective; however, British exportations to the continent saw a loss from 25% to 55% of their total value in between the years 1802 and 1806. As Napoleon realized that extensive trade was going through Spain and Russia, he invaded those two countries. His forces were tied down in Spain -- in which the Spanish War of Independence was occurring simultaneously -- and suffered severely in, and ultimately retreated from, Russia in 1812.", "title": "Continental System" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Baltimore was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and killed the commander of the invading British forces. The British and Americans first met at the Battle of North Point. Though the Americans retreated, the battle was a successful delaying action that inflicted heavy casualties on the British, halting their advance consequently allowing the defenders at Baltimore to properly prepare for an attack.", "title": "Battle of Baltimore" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands chose their representative on 23 November 2007, for the Eurovision Song Contest internally. The Netherlands decided that Hind would represent them in Belgrade with the song \"Your Heart Belongs to Me\". As the Netherlands did not qualify for the final in 2007, the country needed to participate in the first semi-final, on 20 May 2008. However, the Netherlands failed to qualify to compete in the final on 24 May.", "title": "Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that \"the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live\" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Berngal, son of Géde Ollgothach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing his predecessor and cousin and his father's killer, Fíachu Findoilches. He made so much war that there was a shortage of milk and corn - according to one version, only a sack and a half. He ruled for either twenty-one or twelve years, until he was killed by his cousin Ailill, son of Slánoll. The \"Lebor Gabála Érenn\" synchronises his reign with that of Deioces of the Medes (694–665 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's \"Foras Feasa ar Éirinn\" dates his reign to 833–831 BC, that of the \"Annals of the Four Masters\" to 1209–1197 BC.", "title": "Berngal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first terrestrial television broadcast signals in Africa occurred on Saturday October 31, 1959 and belonged to the Western Nigeria Television Service (WNTS). Nigeria is the first country to introduce television broadcasting in Africa, other prominent African countries failed to achieve this feat soon enough. Nigeria also has the largest terrestrial television network in Africa which is the Nigerian Television Authority (with over 96 stations scattered around the country).", "title": "List of television stations in Nigeria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stage Invader is the first studio album by the British dance music group Linus Loves, released on 22 May 2006.", "title": "Stage Invader" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Night Invader is a 1943 British, black-and-white, drama, thriller, war film, directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Max Milder for Warner Bros. and starring Ronald Shiner as Witsen, Anne Crawford and David Farrar.", "title": "The Night Invader" } ]	When was the country that Berngal belongs to first invaded by the British?	1167	[]	Title: List of television stations in Nigeria Passage: The first terrestrial television broadcast signals in Africa occurred on Saturday October 31, 1959 and belonged to the Western Nigeria Television Service (WNTS). Nigeria is the first country to introduce television broadcasting in Africa, other prominent African countries failed to achieve this feat soon enough. Nigeria also has the largest terrestrial television network in Africa which is the Nigerian Television Authority (with over 96 stations scattered around the country). Title: Can Ladies Kill? Passage: Can Ladies Kill? is a crime novel by British author Peter Cheyney first published in 1938 by William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd. Set in San Francisco and featuring Cheyney's creation, G-Man Lemmy Caution, it belongs to the hardboiled school of crime writing. Title: Battle of Baltimore Passage: The Battle of Baltimore was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and killed the commander of the invading British forces. The British and Americans first met at the Battle of North Point. Though the Americans retreated, the battle was a successful delaying action that inflicted heavy casualties on the British, halting their advance consequently allowing the defenders at Baltimore to properly prepare for an attack. Title: Continental System Passage: The Continental System or Continental Blockade (known in French as Blocus continental) was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. As a response to the naval blockade of the French coasts enacted by the British government on 16 May 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree on 21 November 1806, which brought into effect a large - scale embargo against British trade. The embargo was effective intermittently. It ended on 11 April 1814 after Napoleon's first abdication. In terms of economic damage to Great Britain, the blockade was largely ineffective; however, British exportations to the continent saw a loss from 25% to 55% of their total value in between the years 1802 and 1806. As Napoleon realized that extensive trade was going through Spain and Russia, he invaded those two countries. His forces were tied down in Spain -- in which the Spanish War of Independence was occurring simultaneously -- and suffered severely in, and ultimately retreated from, Russia in 1812. Title: Israel Passage: The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed. Title: History of Ireland Passage: By the 12th century, Ireland was divided politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty kingdoms and over-kingdoms. Power was exercised by the heads of a few regional dynasties vying against each other for supremacy over the whole island. One of these men, King Diarmait Mac Murchada of Leinster was forcibly exiled by the new High King, Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair of the Western kingdom of Connacht. Fleeing to Aquitaine, Diarmait obtained permission from Henry II to recruit Norman knights to regain his kingdom. The first Norman knight landed in Ireland in 1167, followed by the main forces of Normans, Welsh and Flemings. Several counties were restored to the control of Diarmait, who named his son - in - law, the Norman Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, heir to his kingdom. This troubled King Henry, who feared the establishment of a rival Norman state in Ireland. Accordingly, he resolved to establish his authority. In 1177 Prince John Lackland was made Lord of Ireland by his father Henry II of England at the Council of Oxford. Title: Southern Europe Passage: European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are: Title: Stage Invader Passage: Stage Invader is the first studio album by the British dance music group Linus Loves, released on 22 May 2006. Title: Withnail and I Passage: Withnail and I is a 1987 British black comedy film written and directed by Bruce Robinson. Loosely based on Robinson's life in London in the late 1960s, the plot follows two unemployed actors, Withnail and "I" (portrayed by Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann, respectively) who share a flat in Camden Town in 1969. Needing a holiday, they obtain the key to a country cottage in the Lake District belonging to Withnail's eccentric uncle Monty and drive there. The weekend holiday proves less recuperative than they expected. Title: Tibet Passage: In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China. Title: British Empire Passage: When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities. The ensuing Crimean War (1854–56), which involved new techniques of modern warfare, and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica, was a resounding defeat for Russia. The situation remained unresolved in Central Asia for two more decades, with Britain annexing Baluchistan in 1876 and Russia annexing Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable, but the two countries reached an agreement on their respective spheres of influence in the region in 1878 and on all outstanding matters in 1907 with the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. The destruction of the Russian Navy by the Japanese at the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 also limited its threat to the British. Title: The Night Invader Passage: The Night Invader is a 1943 British, black-and-white, drama, thriller, war film, directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Max Milder for Warner Bros. and starring Ronald Shiner as Witsen, Anne Crawford and David Farrar. Title: Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 Passage: The Netherlands chose their representative on 23 November 2007, for the Eurovision Song Contest internally. The Netherlands decided that Hind would represent them in Belgrade with the song "Your Heart Belongs to Me". As the Netherlands did not qualify for the final in 2007, the country needed to participate in the first semi-final, on 20 May 2008. However, the Netherlands failed to qualify to compete in the final on 24 May. Title: British Empire Passage: After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements. Title: John Moses (Norwegian politician) Passage: John Moses was born in Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He belonged to a merchant family of British descent who had settled in Kristiansund to conduct the trade of large-scale fish exports. John Moses was one of Kristiansund's leading businessmen. He ran an export and import business, together with a shipping company. From the 1820s, he was living in London, where he ran the shipping business, conducting trading in a number of European countries. Title: This England (film) Passage: This England is a 1941 British historical drama film directed by David MacDonald and starring John Clements, Constance Cummings and Emlyn Williams. The film follows the small English village of Cleveley and its historic resistance against tyrannical invaders recounted by one of the inhabitants to a visiting American journalist. Title: Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Passage: The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms. Title: Berngal Passage: Berngal, son of Géde Ollgothach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing his predecessor and cousin and his father's killer, Fíachu Findoilches. He made so much war that there was a shortage of milk and corn - according to one version, only a sack and a half. He ruled for either twenty-one or twelve years, until he was killed by his cousin Ailill, son of Slánoll. The "Lebor Gabála Érenn" synchronises his reign with that of Deioces of the Medes (694–665 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's "Foras Feasa ar Éirinn" dates his reign to 833–831 BC, that of the "Annals of the Four Masters" to 1209–1197 BC. Title: Declarations of war during World War II Passage: The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London. Title: Scottish Aviation Passage: In November 1958, redundancies affecting almost 800 of their 2,500 staff were announced. Scottish Aviation merged with the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics to form British Aerospace in 1977. Much of the former Scottish Aviation assets now belong to Spirit AeroSystems.	[ "History of Ireland", "Berngal" ]
2hop__103887_90561	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Japanese invasion during World War II ended British domination in Malaysia. The subsequent occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak from 1942 to 1945 unleashed nationalism. In the Peninsula, the Malayan Communist Party took up arms against the British. A tough military response was needed to end the insurgency and bring about the establishment of an independent, multi-racial Federation of Malaya on 31 August 1957. On 22 July 1963, Sarawak was granted a self - governance. The following month on 31 August 1963, both North Borneo and Singapore were also granted self - governance and all states began to formed Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Approximately two years later, the Malaysian parliament passed a bill without the consent of signatory of Malaysia Agreement 1963 to separate Singapore from the Federation. A confrontation with Indonesia occurred in the early - 1960s. Race riots in 1969 led to the imposition of emergency rule, and a curtailment of political life and civil liberties which has never been fully reversed. Since 1970 the ``Barisan Nasional coalition ''headed by United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) has governed Malaysia until the", "title": "History of Malaysia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Act of Reprisal is an American drama film directed by Erricos Andreou and Robert Tronson and starring Ina Balin, Jeremy Brett and Giannis Voglis. The film was produced in 1964, but was not released in theaters until 1991. The film depicts a romance set against the backdrop of Cypriot attempts to gain independence from Britain in the 1950s. It was also known as Antekdhikissi.", "title": "Act of Reprisal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing \"loyalty and devotion\" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James VI, Stuart king of Scotland, also inherited the throne of England in 1603, and the Stuart kings and queens ruled both independent kingdoms until the Act of Union in 1707 merged the two kingdoms into a new state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "title": "History of Scotland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain.", "title": "Indian Police Service" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule. After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail:", "title": "Independence Day (United States)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a summary history of diplomatic relations of the United States listed by country. The history of diplomatic relations of the United States began with the appointment of Benjamin Franklin as U.S. Minister to France in 1778, even before the U.S. had won its independence from Great Britain in 1783.", "title": "History of United States diplomatic relations by country" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zaharah Agus or Zara Agus (Zera Agus) is a Malay singer and actress, well known in Malaysia during the 1960s and 1970s.", "title": "Zaharah Agus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Macelwane is the namesake of the James B. Macelwane Medal awarded annually by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the Macelwane Fellowship awarded by the American Meteorological Society (AMS). He served as President of the AGU from 1953 until his death in 1956. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1944. The geological division of the SLU Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences is housed in Macelwane Hall.", "title": "James B. Macelwane" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The novel follows the journey of a young boy, Agu, who is forced to join a group of soldiers in an unnamed West African country. While Agu fears his commander and many of the men around him, his fledgling childhood has been brutally shattered by the war raging through his country, and he is at first conflicted by simultaneous revulsion by and fascination with the mechanics of war. Iweala does not shy away from explicit, visceral detail and paints a complex, difficult picture of Agu as a child soldier. The book does not give any direct clue as to which country it takes place in, and it remains undisclosed. The book is notable for its confrontational, immersive first - person narrative.", "title": "Beasts of No Nation" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence; 1775 -- 1783), France recognized and allied itself with the United States in 1778, declared war on Great Britain, and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic. French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France obtained its revenge, but materially it gained little and was left with over 1 billion livres in debts.", "title": "France in the American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date April 19, 1775 -- September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) Location Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Central America, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Result American - Allied victory: Peace of Paris British recognition of American independence End of the First British Empire British retention of Canada and Gibraltar Territorial changes Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1980, Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as \"British Dependent Territories\" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002) meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire. Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power. The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. Similarly, the Constitution Act 1986 reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain, and the Australia Act 1986 severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states. In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About 20,100 local car repair garages throughout Great Britain, employing about 53,000 testers, are authorised to perform testing and to issue certificates. In principle, any individual in Great Britain can apply to run a MOT station, although in order to gain an authorisation from DVSA, both the individual wanting to run the station, as well as the premises, need to meet minimal criteria set out on the government's website within the so - called VT01 form.", "title": "MOT test" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ClassiKhan is the tenth studio album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan, featuring the London Symphony Orchestra, Produced and arranged by Eve Nelson and released in 2004 on the at the time still independent label Sanctuary Records in the U.K., on Earthsong/AgU Music Group in the U.S. and in 2005 also in Japan on JVC Victor.", "title": "ClassiKhan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Walter (1783–1856) was an English marine painter in oils and watercolour, working at Bristol and Portishead. He gained notice for his portrayals of Brunel's steamships \"Great Western\" and \"Great Britain\".", "title": "Joseph Walter" } ]	When did Zaharah Agus's country of origin gain independence from Great Britain?	31 August 1957	[]	Title: ClassiKhan Passage: ClassiKhan is the tenth studio album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan, featuring the London Symphony Orchestra, Produced and arranged by Eve Nelson and released in 2004 on the at the time still independent label Sanctuary Records in the U.K., on Earthsong/AgU Music Group in the U.S. and in 2005 also in Japan on JVC Victor. Title: France in the American Revolutionary War Passage: During the American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence; 1775 -- 1783), France recognized and allied itself with the United States in 1778, declared war on Great Britain, and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic. French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France obtained its revenge, but materially it gained little and was left with over 1 billion livres in debts. Title: Joseph Walter Passage: Joseph Walter (1783–1856) was an English marine painter in oils and watercolour, working at Bristol and Portishead. He gained notice for his portrayals of Brunel's steamships "Great Western" and "Great Britain". Title: History of Scotland Passage: James VI, Stuart king of Scotland, also inherited the throne of England in 1603, and the Stuart kings and queens ruled both independent kingdoms until the Act of Union in 1707 merged the two kingdoms into a new state, the Kingdom of Great Britain. Title: Indian Police Service Passage: The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain. Title: History of Cuba Passage: The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902. Title: James B. Macelwane Passage: Macelwane is the namesake of the James B. Macelwane Medal awarded annually by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the Macelwane Fellowship awarded by the American Meteorological Society (AMS). He served as President of the AGU from 1953 until his death in 1956. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1944. The geological division of the SLU Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences is housed in Macelwane Hall. Title: History of Cuba Passage: The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902. Title: MOT test Passage: About 20,100 local car repair garages throughout Great Britain, employing about 53,000 testers, are authorised to perform testing and to issue certificates. In principle, any individual in Great Britain can apply to run a MOT station, although in order to gain an authorisation from DVSA, both the individual wanting to run the station, as well as the premises, need to meet minimal criteria set out on the government's website within the so - called VT01 form. Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. Title: Zaharah Agus Passage: Zaharah Agus or Zara Agus (Zera Agus) is a Malay singer and actress, well known in Malaysia during the 1960s and 1970s. Title: Independence Day (United States) Passage: During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule. After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail: Title: British Empire Passage: In 1980, Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as "British Dependent Territories" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002) meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire. Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power. The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. Similarly, the Constitution Act 1986 reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain, and the Australia Act 1986 severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states. In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence. Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: Date April 19, 1775 -- September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) Location Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Central America, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Result American - Allied victory: Peace of Paris British recognition of American independence End of the First British Empire British retention of Canada and Gibraltar Territorial changes Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America. Title: History of Malaysia Passage: Japanese invasion during World War II ended British domination in Malaysia. The subsequent occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak from 1942 to 1945 unleashed nationalism. In the Peninsula, the Malayan Communist Party took up arms against the British. A tough military response was needed to end the insurgency and bring about the establishment of an independent, multi-racial Federation of Malaya on 31 August 1957. On 22 July 1963, Sarawak was granted a self - governance. The following month on 31 August 1963, both North Borneo and Singapore were also granted self - governance and all states began to formed Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Approximately two years later, the Malaysian parliament passed a bill without the consent of signatory of Malaysia Agreement 1963 to separate Singapore from the Federation. A confrontation with Indonesia occurred in the early - 1960s. Race riots in 1969 led to the imposition of emergency rule, and a curtailment of political life and civil liberties which has never been fully reversed. Since 1970 the ``Barisan Nasional coalition ''headed by United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) has governed Malaysia until the Title: Beasts of No Nation Passage: The novel follows the journey of a young boy, Agu, who is forced to join a group of soldiers in an unnamed West African country. While Agu fears his commander and many of the men around him, his fledgling childhood has been brutally shattered by the war raging through his country, and he is at first conflicted by simultaneous revulsion by and fascination with the mechanics of war. Iweala does not shy away from explicit, visceral detail and paints a complex, difficult picture of Agu as a child soldier. The book does not give any direct clue as to which country it takes place in, and it remains undisclosed. The book is notable for its confrontational, immersive first - person narrative. Title: Act of Reprisal Passage: Act of Reprisal is an American drama film directed by Erricos Andreou and Robert Tronson and starring Ina Balin, Jeremy Brett and Giannis Voglis. The film was produced in 1964, but was not released in theaters until 1991. The film depicts a romance set against the backdrop of Cypriot attempts to gain independence from Britain in the 1950s. It was also known as Antekdhikissi. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing "loyalty and devotion" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973. Title: History of United States diplomatic relations by country Passage: This is a summary history of diplomatic relations of the United States listed by country. The history of diplomatic relations of the United States began with the appointment of Benjamin Franklin as U.S. Minister to France in 1778, even before the U.S. had won its independence from Great Britain in 1783.	[ "History of Malaysia", "Zaharah Agus" ]
2hop__650427_36388	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ala-Kintaus is a rather small lake of Finland. It belongs to the Kymijoki main catchment area. It is located in municipality of Petäjävesi in the region of Central Finland. It is a part of Jämsä catchment area.", "title": "Ala-Kintaus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of Rastenburg and Gumbinnen, in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory.", "title": "East Prussia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at , and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world, after the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire.", "title": "Austria-Hungary" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angel Ivanovich Bogdanovich (, October 14 [o.s. 2], 1860, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (modern Belarus) - April 6 [o.s. March 24], 1907, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian literary critic, publicist and social activist, originally a narodnik, later an active member of the Legal Marxists' political group.", "title": "Angel Bogdanovich" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potapy Emelianov (1884, Ufa, Guberniya, Russian Empire – 14 August 1936, Karelian ASSR, USSR) was a Russian Catholic priest and confessor who entered into communion with Rome from the Old Ritualist tradition of Russian Orthodoxy with his entire parish.", "title": "Potapy Emelianov" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Petersburg Governorate (, \"Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya\"), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a \"guberniya\") of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed during 1708–1927.", "title": "Saint Petersburg Governorate" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nihilist is a 1905 American short silent film directed by Wallace McCutcheon, Sr.. It takes place in the Russian Empire and relates the story of a woman who joins the Nihilist movement and commits a suicide attack against the Governor's palace to avenge her husband who died because of police repression.", "title": "The Nihilist (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Armont (1874–1943) was a Russian-born French playwright and screenwriter. He also collaborated with the Swiss writer Marcel Gerbidon. He was born Dimitri Petrococchino in Rostov in the Russian Empire.", "title": "Paul Armont" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irène Mélikoff (7 November 1917 – 8 January 2009) was a Russian-born French Turkologist with Azerbaijani ancestry. She was born in Petrograd, Russian Empire.", "title": "Irène Mélikoff" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire signed on March 10, 1779. The formal name is Aynalıkavak bond of arbitration (). Aynalıkavak is a palace in Istanbul where the treaty was signed.", "title": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogdan Petrovich Gordeev (; June 21, 1894, Kharkiv, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire - September 7, 1914), also known as Bozhidar (), was a Russian futurist poet of Ukrainian origin.", "title": "Bozhidar" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson.", "title": "Alaska Purchase" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ala Moana Center, commonly known simply as Ala Moana, is the largest shopping mall in Hawaii. It is also the seventh largest shopping mall in the United States, the largest open - air shopping center in the world, and the largest mall owned by General Growth Properties. Ala Moana is consistently ranked among the top ten most successful malls in the United States and, in 2009, was ranked by U.S. News & World Report as America's second most profitable, behind The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "title": "Ala Moana Center" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Russian Empire (Russian: Россійская Имперія, tr. Rossiyskaya Imperiya) or simply Russia (Russian: Россія, tr. Rossiya) was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.", "title": "Russian Empire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Swedish Ingria (, ‘land of Ingrians’) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1583 to 1595 and then again from 1617 to 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad.", "title": "Swedish Ingria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vladimir Karapetoff (January 8, 1876 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – January 11, 1948) was a Russian-American electrical engineer, inventor, professor, and author.", "title": "Vladimir Karapetoff" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father Nicholas Bock (), SJ (13 November 1880, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 27 February 1962, New York City, United States) was a Russian diplomat who later became a Catholic priest.", "title": "Nicholas Bock" } ]	When did the country where Ala-Kintaus is located join the Russian Empire?	1809	[]	Title: Potapy Emelianov Passage: Potapy Emelianov (1884, Ufa, Guberniya, Russian Empire – 14 August 1936, Karelian ASSR, USSR) was a Russian Catholic priest and confessor who entered into communion with Rome from the Old Ritualist tradition of Russian Orthodoxy with his entire parish. Title: Paul Armont Passage: Paul Armont (1874–1943) was a Russian-born French playwright and screenwriter. He also collaborated with the Swiss writer Marcel Gerbidon. He was born Dimitri Petrococchino in Rostov in the Russian Empire. Title: Russian Empire Passage: The Russian Empire (Russian: Россійская Имперія, tr. Rossiyskaya Imperiya) or simply Russia (Russian: Россія, tr. Rossiya) was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917. Title: Ala Moana Center Passage: Ala Moana Center, commonly known simply as Ala Moana, is the largest shopping mall in Hawaii. It is also the seventh largest shopping mall in the United States, the largest open - air shopping center in the world, and the largest mall owned by General Growth Properties. Ala Moana is consistently ranked among the top ten most successful malls in the United States and, in 2009, was ranked by U.S. News & World Report as America's second most profitable, behind The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas, Nevada. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. Title: Austria-Hungary Passage: Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at , and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world, after the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire. Title: Bozhidar Passage: Bogdan Petrovich Gordeev (; June 21, 1894, Kharkiv, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire - September 7, 1914), also known as Bozhidar (), was a Russian futurist poet of Ukrainian origin. Title: Vladimir Karapetoff Passage: Vladimir Karapetoff (January 8, 1876 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – January 11, 1948) was a Russian-American electrical engineer, inventor, professor, and author. Title: East Prussia Passage: At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of Rastenburg and Gumbinnen, in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory. Title: Nicholas Bock Passage: Father Nicholas Bock (), SJ (13 November 1880, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 27 February 1962, New York City, United States) was a Russian diplomat who later became a Catholic priest. Title: Irène Mélikoff Passage: Irène Mélikoff (7 November 1917 – 8 January 2009) was a Russian-born French Turkologist with Azerbaijani ancestry. She was born in Petrograd, Russian Empire. Title: Crimean War Passage: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection. Title: Russian language Passage: As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook. Title: Ala-Kintaus Passage: Ala-Kintaus is a rather small lake of Finland. It belongs to the Kymijoki main catchment area. It is located in municipality of Petäjävesi in the region of Central Finland. It is a part of Jämsä catchment area. Title: The Nihilist (film) Passage: The Nihilist is a 1905 American short silent film directed by Wallace McCutcheon, Sr.. It takes place in the Russian Empire and relates the story of a woman who joins the Nihilist movement and commits a suicide attack against the Governor's palace to avenge her husband who died because of police repression. Title: Treaty of Aynalıkavak Passage: Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire signed on March 10, 1779. The formal name is Aynalıkavak bond of arbitration (). Aynalıkavak is a palace in Istanbul where the treaty was signed. Title: Swedish Ingria Passage: Swedish Ingria (, ‘land of Ingrians’) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1583 to 1595 and then again from 1617 to 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad. Title: Saint Petersburg Governorate Passage: Saint Petersburg Governorate (, "Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya"), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a "guberniya") of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed during 1708–1927. Title: Angel Bogdanovich Passage: Angel Ivanovich Bogdanovich (, October 14 [o.s. 2], 1860, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (modern Belarus) - April 6 [o.s. March 24], 1907, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian literary critic, publicist and social activist, originally a narodnik, later an active member of the Legal Marxists' political group. Title: Alaska Purchase Passage: The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson.	[ "Ala-Kintaus", "Russian language" ]
2hop__66710_26878	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shanghai Library (), which also houses the Shanghai Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (), is the municipal library of Shanghai, China. It is the second largest library in China after the National Library in Beijing. At 24 stories and 348 feet (106 m) tall, it is the second tallest library in the world, as well as one of the largest. The building has a tower that looks like a giant lighthouse.", "title": "Shanghai Library" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "title": "Smoking age" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:", "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southeast Library's building was designed by master architect Ralph Rapson and originally functioned as a credit union for university and state employees. It opened as a library in 1967. The State Capitol Credit Union building at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast was purchased to be converted into a library on December 29, 1966. It opened as the new Southeast Library on December 26, 1967.", "title": "Southeast Library" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cardholders receive points on purchases made at participating retailers both instore and online, generally beginning at one point per whole pound spent. Points for fuel at BP and Sainsbury's are awarded for each litre purchased. Extra points may be earned when buying certain products or during particular promotions. A number of other online retailers award points when purchases are made on their websites accessed through the main Nectar website.", "title": "Nectar loyalty card" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "University of Colombo library is a centrally administered network of libraries in University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is home to one of the largest and oldest collections in Sri Lanka, with its roots dating back to 1870 with the establishment of the library of the Ceylon Medical College.", "title": "University of Colombo library" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library.", "title": "Harvard University" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as \"City Hall\" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out \"...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman.\"", "title": "Strasbourg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grace Keiser Maring Library is located on the south side of Muncie, Indiana, USA. Built at 1808 South Madision Street, the library is next to Heekin Park, the largest and oldest community park in Muncie. The library was the first branch library built in the city.", "title": "Grace Keiser Maring Library" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.", "title": "University of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dublin City Public Libraries is the largest library authority in the Republic of Ireland, serving over half a million people through a network of 21 branch libraries, a number of specialist services and Mobile Library stops.", "title": "Dublin City Public Libraries and Archive" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Branford Price Millar Library is the library of Portland State University (PSU) in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1968, the academic library was doubled in size in 1991 and houses over 1 million volumes. The five-story building is located on the school's campus on the South Park Blocks in Downtown Portland and is the largest academic library in the Portland area.", "title": "Branford Price Millar Library" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.", "title": "Northwestern University" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the world's largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a better future for children through libraries.", "title": "Association for Library Service to Children" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane ``Sale of Louisiana '') was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2) by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000 USD) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000 USD) for a total of sixty - eight million francs ($15,000,000 USD, or around $250 million in 2016 dollars). The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion of North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern section of New Mexico; the northern portion of Texas; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans); and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were African slaves.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" } ]	What is the second largest library in the country that the US bought the Louisiana Purchase from?	Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire	[ "libraries", "Library", "library" ]	Title: Branford Price Millar Library Passage: The Branford Price Millar Library is the library of Portland State University (PSU) in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1968, the academic library was doubled in size in 1991 and houses over 1 million volumes. The five-story building is located on the school's campus on the South Park Blocks in Downtown Portland and is the largest academic library in the Portland area. Title: Dublin City Public Libraries and Archive Passage: Dublin City Public Libraries is the largest library authority in the Republic of Ireland, serving over half a million people through a network of 21 branch libraries, a number of specialist services and Mobile Library stops. Title: Philadelphia Passage: Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers. Title: Northwestern University Passage: The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions. Title: Nectar loyalty card Passage: Cardholders receive points on purchases made at participating retailers both instore and online, generally beginning at one point per whole pound spent. Points for fuel at BP and Sainsbury's are awarded for each litre purchased. Extra points may be earned when buying certain products or during particular promotions. A number of other online retailers award points when purchases are made on their websites accessed through the main Nectar website. Title: Southeast Library Passage: Southeast Library's building was designed by master architect Ralph Rapson and originally functioned as a credit union for university and state employees. It opened as a library in 1967. The State Capitol Credit Union building at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast was purchased to be converted into a library on December 29, 1966. It opened as the new Southeast Library on December 26, 1967. Title: Smoking age Passage: The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products. Title: Grace Keiser Maring Library Passage: The Grace Keiser Maring Library is located on the south side of Muncie, Indiana, USA. Built at 1808 South Madision Street, the library is next to Heekin Park, the largest and oldest community park in Muncie. The library was the first branch library built in the city. Title: Nanjing Passage: Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections. Title: University of Colombo library Passage: University of Colombo library is a centrally administered network of libraries in University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is home to one of the largest and oldest collections in Sri Lanka, with its roots dating back to 1870 with the establishment of the library of the Ceylon Medical College. Title: Legal drinking age Passage: The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Title: Strasbourg Passage: The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out "...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman." Title: Association for Library Service to Children Passage: The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the world's largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a better future for children through libraries. Title: Shanghai Library Passage: The Shanghai Library (), which also houses the Shanghai Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (), is the municipal library of Shanghai, China. It is the second largest library in China after the National Library in Beijing. At 24 stories and 348 feet (106 m) tall, it is the second tallest library in the world, as well as one of the largest. The building has a tower that looks like a giant lighthouse. Title: University of Notre Dame Passage: The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country. Title: Royal Institute of British Architects Passage: The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include: Title: Paris Passage: There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library. Title: Louisiana Purchase Passage: The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane ``Sale of Louisiana '') was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2) by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000 USD) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000 USD) for a total of sixty - eight million francs ($15,000,000 USD, or around $250 million in 2016 dollars). The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion of North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern section of New Mexico; the northern portion of Texas; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans); and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were African slaves. Title: New York City Passage: The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn. Title: Harvard University Passage: The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library.	[ "Strasbourg", "Louisiana Purchase" ]
2hop__341145_57623	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "City Population Year of Census Country Guatemala City 2,918,000 2015 Guatemala Panama City 1,673,000 2015 Panama San Salvador 1,767,102 2015 El Salvador San José 1,324,000 2015 Costa Rica Tegucigalpa 1,170,000 2015 Honduras Managua 956,000 2015 Nicaragua San Pedro Sula 852,000 2015 Honduras Choloma 453,000 2015 Honduras", "title": "List of largest cities in Central America" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Mauricio Manzano López (born 30 September 1943 in San Salvador) is a retired football player from El Salvador who represented his country at the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico.", "title": "Mauricio Manzano" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.", "title": "Human Development Index" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elena Isabella Tedesco Bardi (born October 15, 1991 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran beauty queen who won the Nuestra Belleza Mundo El Salvador pageant in 2009. She is daughter of an entrepreneur Salvadoran mother and Italian diplomatic father.", "title": "Elena Tedesco" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jose Antonio García Prieto (born 16 October 1964 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a retired Salvadoran football player and current coach pf Titán.", "title": "Antonio García Prieto" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``My Country, 'Tis of Thee '', also known as`` America'', is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, ``God Save the Queen '', arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like`` Hail, Columbia'') before the adoption of ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''as the official anthem in 1931.", "title": "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Panapasa Balekana, MBE, SIM, (1929 – 22 January 2009) was a Fijian-born Solomon Islander who composed the national anthem of the Solomon Islands, \"God Save Our Solomon Islands\", with his wife, Matila Balekana. Panapasa Balekana co-wrote the anthem's lyrics with his wife while he composed the accompanying music.", "title": "Panapasa Balekana" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ricardo Juan Antonio Saprissa Aymá (June 24, 1901 in San Salvador, El Salvador – August 16, 1990) was a lifelong athlete, coach, and promoter of sports.", "title": "Ricardo Saprissa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahmad Meshari al-Adwani (1923 in Kuwait — 17 June 1990) was a poet and teacher who wrote the lyrics of the national anthem of Kuwait, \"Al-Nasheed Al-Watani\".", "title": "Ahmad Meshari Al-Adwani" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their own additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem -- played specifically in the presence of the monarch -- of all the aforementioned countries, as well as Australia (since 1984), Canada (since 1980), Barbados and Tuvalu. In countries not previously part of the British Empire, the tune of ``God Save the Queen ''has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. In the United States, the melody is used for the patriotic song`` My Country, 'Tis of Thee''. The melody is also used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein, ``Oben am jungen Rhein ''.", "title": "God Save the Queen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aguilares is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador, located 33 km away from the city of San Salvador. The municipality measures 33.72 km² and as of 2006, had an estimated population of 73,300. Sugar cane cultivation is the major economic activity for the area.", "title": "Aguilares, El Salvador" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Licenciado José María Silva (c. 1804, San Miguel, El Salvador – October 16, 1876, San Miguel) was a Liberal Salvadoran politician. He was twice briefly chief of state of the State of El Salvador, within the Federal Republic of Central America (1834-35 and 1840).", "title": "José María Silva" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ``National Anthem of the Republic of China ''is the national anthem of Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by China as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s; beforehand the`` Song to the Auspicious Cloud'' was used as the Chinese national anthem. In contemporary China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of China is the ``March of the Volunteers ''. The national anthem was also adopted in Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after the surrender of Japan.", "title": "National Anthem of the Republic of China" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain on his first voyage with three ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the flagship, Santa Maria, seeking a direct route to Asia. On 12 October 1492 Columbus reached an island in the Bahamas and claimed it for Spain, an event long regarded by Europeans as the 'discovery' of America. This island was called Guanahani by the Lucayan, and San Salvador by the Spanish. The identity of the first American landfall by Columbus remains controversial, but many authors accept Samuel E. Morison's identification of Columbus' San Salvador as what was later called Watling (or Watling's) Island. Its name has been officially changed to San Salvador. Columbus visited several other islands in the Bahamas before sailing to present - day Cuba and afterwards to Hispaniola.", "title": "History of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "March On, Bahamaland is the national anthem of the Bahamas. It was composed by Timothy Gibson and adopted in 1973.", "title": "March On, Bahamaland" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government Center Tower is a building located in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador. It houses the offices of the Ministry of the Interior.", "title": "Government Center Tower (San Salvador)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Napoleón Baires (born October 29, 1989 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran footballer who plays for Santa Tecla in the Salvadoran Second Division .", "title": "José Napoleón Baires" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Little San Salvador Island, also known as Half Moon Cay, is one of about 700 islands that make up the archipelago of The Bahamas. It is located roughly halfway between Eleuthera and Cat Island. It is a private island, owned by Holland America Line, which uses it as a port of call for the cruise ships it operates in the region. Prior to being owned by HAL, Little San Salvador was the private island of Norwegian Cruise Line.", "title": "Little San Salvador Island" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francisco José Medrano Magaña (born July 14, 1983 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a footballer who currently plays as a midfielder.", "title": "Francisco Medrano (footballer)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paula Patricia Heredia Suarez (born October 13, 1957 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a filmmaker based in New York City. She is the daughter of radio and television pioneer, Leonardo Heredia and writer and journalist, Mercedes Suarez.", "title": "Paula Heredia" } ]	Who wrote the national anthem of the country where Little Salvador Island is located?	Timothy Gibson	[]	Title: Panapasa Balekana Passage: Panapasa Balekana, MBE, SIM, (1929 – 22 January 2009) was a Fijian-born Solomon Islander who composed the national anthem of the Solomon Islands, "God Save Our Solomon Islands", with his wife, Matila Balekana. Panapasa Balekana co-wrote the anthem's lyrics with his wife while he composed the accompanying music. Title: Mauricio Manzano Passage: José Mauricio Manzano López (born 30 September 1943 in San Salvador) is a retired football player from El Salvador who represented his country at the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico. Title: March On, Bahamaland Passage: March On, Bahamaland is the national anthem of the Bahamas. It was composed by Timothy Gibson and adopted in 1973. Title: José María Silva Passage: Licenciado José María Silva (c. 1804, San Miguel, El Salvador – October 16, 1876, San Miguel) was a Liberal Salvadoran politician. He was twice briefly chief of state of the State of El Salvador, within the Federal Republic of Central America (1834-35 and 1840). Title: Elena Tedesco Passage: Elena Isabella Tedesco Bardi (born October 15, 1991 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran beauty queen who won the Nuestra Belleza Mundo El Salvador pageant in 2009. She is daughter of an entrepreneur Salvadoran mother and Italian diplomatic father. Title: Little San Salvador Island Passage: Little San Salvador Island, also known as Half Moon Cay, is one of about 700 islands that make up the archipelago of The Bahamas. It is located roughly halfway between Eleuthera and Cat Island. It is a private island, owned by Holland America Line, which uses it as a port of call for the cruise ships it operates in the region. Prior to being owned by HAL, Little San Salvador was the private island of Norwegian Cruise Line. Title: Human Development Index Passage: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu. Title: Government Center Tower (San Salvador) Passage: Government Center Tower is a building located in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador. It houses the offices of the Ministry of the Interior. Title: Francisco Medrano (footballer) Passage: Francisco José Medrano Magaña (born July 14, 1983 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a footballer who currently plays as a midfielder. Title: Ricardo Saprissa Passage: Ricardo Juan Antonio Saprissa Aymá (June 24, 1901 in San Salvador, El Salvador – August 16, 1990) was a lifelong athlete, coach, and promoter of sports. Title: God Save the Queen Passage: It is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their own additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem -- played specifically in the presence of the monarch -- of all the aforementioned countries, as well as Australia (since 1984), Canada (since 1980), Barbados and Tuvalu. In countries not previously part of the British Empire, the tune of ``God Save the Queen ''has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. In the United States, the melody is used for the patriotic song`` My Country, 'Tis of Thee''. The melody is also used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein, ``Oben am jungen Rhein ''. Title: Ahmad Meshari Al-Adwani Passage: Ahmad Meshari al-Adwani (1923 in Kuwait — 17 June 1990) was a poet and teacher who wrote the lyrics of the national anthem of Kuwait, "Al-Nasheed Al-Watani". Title: List of largest cities in Central America Passage: City Population Year of Census Country Guatemala City 2,918,000 2015 Guatemala Panama City 1,673,000 2015 Panama San Salvador 1,767,102 2015 El Salvador San José 1,324,000 2015 Costa Rica Tegucigalpa 1,170,000 2015 Honduras Managua 956,000 2015 Nicaragua San Pedro Sula 852,000 2015 Honduras Choloma 453,000 2015 Honduras Title: National Anthem of the Republic of China Passage: The ``National Anthem of the Republic of China ''is the national anthem of Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by China as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s; beforehand the`` Song to the Auspicious Cloud'' was used as the Chinese national anthem. In contemporary China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of China is the ``March of the Volunteers ''. The national anthem was also adopted in Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after the surrender of Japan. Title: Paula Heredia Passage: Paula Patricia Heredia Suarez (born October 13, 1957 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a filmmaker based in New York City. She is the daughter of radio and television pioneer, Leonardo Heredia and writer and journalist, Mercedes Suarez. Title: Antonio García Prieto Passage: Jose Antonio García Prieto (born 16 October 1964 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a retired Salvadoran football player and current coach pf Titán. Title: José Napoleón Baires Passage: José Napoleón Baires (born October 29, 1989 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran footballer who plays for Santa Tecla in the Salvadoran Second Division . Title: America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee) Passage: ``My Country, 'Tis of Thee '', also known as`` America'', is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, ``God Save the Queen '', arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like`` Hail, Columbia'') before the adoption of ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''as the official anthem in 1931. Title: Aguilares, El Salvador Passage: Aguilares is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador, located 33 km away from the city of San Salvador. The municipality measures 33.72 km² and as of 2006, had an estimated population of 73,300. Sugar cane cultivation is the major economic activity for the area. Title: History of the Bahamas Passage: In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain on his first voyage with three ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the flagship, Santa Maria, seeking a direct route to Asia. On 12 October 1492 Columbus reached an island in the Bahamas and claimed it for Spain, an event long regarded by Europeans as the 'discovery' of America. This island was called Guanahani by the Lucayan, and San Salvador by the Spanish. The identity of the first American landfall by Columbus remains controversial, but many authors accept Samuel E. Morison's identification of Columbus' San Salvador as what was later called Watling (or Watling's) Island. Its name has been officially changed to San Salvador. Columbus visited several other islands in the Bahamas before sailing to present - day Cuba and afterwards to Hispaniola.	[ "March On, Bahamaland", "Little San Salvador Island" ]
2hop__136014_62766	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haji Mohd Lazim Bridge or Tanjung Sedili Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Haji Mohd Lazim Jawi: جمبتن حاج محمد لازيم) is a river bridge in Sedili, Johor, Malaysia. The bridges crosses Sedili Besar River. A road bridge spans the river near its mouth close to the village of Tanjung Sedili. It spans 600 metres across the river and links the coastal regions to the north and south of the river. Its construction was completed in around 2006. It was named after Ustaz Haji Mohd Lazim bin Saim, an Islamic religious school teacher of the Madrasah Arabiah Kluang.", "title": "Haji Mohd Lazim Bridge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The General En Jefe Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. It is named after General Rafael Urdaneta, a Venezuelan hero of Independence.", "title": "General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dudley B. Menzies Bridge is a dedicated LRT bridge crossing the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Named after Edmonton engineer and politician Dudley Blair Menzies, the bridge was the \"first concrete segmental box girder bridge in Western Canada\". The main deck carries two tracks of the LRT system connecting Grandin/Government Centre station and the University station. A walkway for pedestrians and bicycles hangs beneath the main spans of the bridge over the river.", "title": "Dudley B. Menzies Bridge" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mark Morris Memorial Bridge (locally called the North Bridge) is a 2 lane truss bridge across the Mississippi River in the United States. It connects the cities of Clinton, Iowa and Fulton, Illinois. The bridge may also be known as the Lyons-Fulton Bridge, which was the name of a predecessor bridge and the name listed on the USGS topographical map. The town of Lyons, Iowa, was annexed to Clinton in 1895, but the north end of the city is still referred to as Lyons. The bridge is the terminus of both Iowa Highway 136 and Illinois Route 136. The 1975 bridge was named in memory Mark Morris, a long time member of the City of Clinton Bridge Commission who died in 1972. Morris was instrumental in the construction of the 1975 bridge and the City of Clinton Bridge Commission named it in his honor.", "title": "Mark Morris Memorial Bridge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ernest Langlois (Heippes, 4 September 1857 – Lille, 15 July 1924) was a French medievalist, professor at the University of Lille.", "title": "Ernest Langlois" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manwel Dimech Bridge is a beam bridge at San Ġiljan, Malta. It is named after Manuel Dimech, and was officially inaugurated on 18 September 1971 by the Minister of Public Works, Lorry Sant. The bridge is approximately 130m long and 32m wide, and spans over Wied Għomor. It is part of Mikiel Anton Vassalli Road (popularly known as Regional Road) just beyond the tunnels on the way to Paceville and St. Andrew’s. A commemorative plaque close to the bridge reports that the construction of the bridge, the road and the tunnels were aided by the Chinese government. The tunnels are named after Sun Yat-sen, and the bridge on the other side of the tunnels is named after Ġużè Ellul Mercer. The bridge was thoroughly restored and reinforced in 2008 amid some controversy.", "title": "Manwel Dimech Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samora Machel Bridge is a bridge in Mozambique across the Zambezi River. It is named after Samora Machel, the former President of Mozambique.", "title": "Samora Machel Bridge" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bryan Bridge brings U.S. Route 20 over the Niobrara River in Cherry County, Nebraska, near Valentine. It was built in 1932 and is a pin-connected arch bridge that is designated \"Most Beautiful Steel Bridge\" in its year, out of bridges costing less than $250,000, by the American Institute of Steel Construction. It is named after then-sitting Nebraska governor Charles W. Bryan.", "title": "Bryan Bridge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Intrigued by an ominous figure in one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings, alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Provence has been plagued by an invisible monster, known as the Krafayis, which only Van Gogh can see. The Doctor and Amy work with Van Gogh to defeat the Krafayis, but in their attempt to have Van Gogh realise his legacy through bringing him to the future they ultimately realise that not all of time can be rewritten and there are some evils which are out of the Doctor's reach.", "title": "Vincent and the Doctor" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Langlois Bridge (French: \"Pont de Langlois\") was a drawbridge in Arles, France, which was the subject of several paintings by Vincent van Gogh in 1888. Being one of eleven drawbridges built by a Dutch engineer along the channel from Arles to Port-de-Bouc, this bridge might have reminded the artist of his homeland.", "title": "Langlois Bridge" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shippingsport Bridge has been the name of three similarly-located bridges over the Illinois River in LaSalle Township, LaSalle County, Illinois: an 1872 swing span bridge, a 1929 vertical-lift bridge nearby, and a 2003 bridge in the same location as the 1929 bridge. The third bridge still exists and carries Illinois Route 351 (IL 351).", "title": "Shippingsport Bridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge is a bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Raritan River. The bridge was built in 2005 to replace the smaller Nevius Street Bridge built in 1886. The Nevius Street Bridge today functions as a pedestrian bridge. The bridge connects First Avenue and what used to be the short one way block of Lyman Street in Raritan with River Road in Hillsborough. After crossing into Hillsborough, the road curves to meet up with the old alignment with the Nevius Street Bridge. The bridge is named for local World War II hero, John Basilone. The bridge has a pedestrian tunnel underneath its northern approach, as part of the Raritan River Greenway.", "title": "John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. The main span is (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of . It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana.", "title": "Abraham Lincoln Bridge" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She attended the British drama school East 15 in 2005, and left after winning a high - profile role in the BBC drama Waterloo Road, playing the bully Leigh - Ann Galloway. Since that role, Matthews has continued to act in BBC's Doctors, playing Connie Whitfield; in ITV's The Bill playing drug addict Josie Clarke; and she was back in the BBC soap Doctors in 2009, playing Tansy Flack.", "title": "Holly Matthews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Langlois (1692–1762) was a French actor who spent a large part of his career in Sweden, where he was to play an important part in Swedish theatre history as the originator of the first national theatre in Sweden, and its first director. He was also a composer.", "title": "Charles Langlois (actor)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bowen Bridge is a four-lane road bridge crossing the Derwent River in Tasmania, Australia. The Bridge lies on the river about half way between the Tasman Bridge and the Bridgewater Bridge. The Bridge links the East Derwent Highway with the Brooker Highway (as Goodwood Road) at Glenorchy some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Hobart. The Bowen Bridge was built with Federal funds following the collapse of the Tasman Bridge in 1975. The bridge cost $49 million to construct and was officially opened on 23 February 1984. The Bowen Bridge was built with the intention of assisting the commuters of Hobart, should something happen to the Tasman Bridge. The bridge is named after John Bowen who settled the first European Colony in Tasmania at Risdon Cove, which later would be moved to the other side of the Derwent to form Hobart.", "title": "Bowen Bridge" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jules Albert Louppe (6 June 1856 – 5 July 1927) was a French explosives engineer who became a politician. The Plougastel Bridge, or Albert-Louppe Bridge, near Brest in north-western France, is named after him.", "title": "Albert Louppe" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lupu Bridge (), named after Luwan District, is a through arch bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Huangpu and Pudong districts. It is the world's second longest steel arch bridge, after the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing. The bridge has a total length including approach spans of and opened on June 28, 2003. The main bridge structure is 750m long including the two side spans of 100m each, and the main span of over the Huangpu River is longer than the previous record holder for the longest arch bridge, the New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia. It cost 2.5 billion yuan (US$302 million), including US$78.04 for the main steel structure alone. It is located adjacent to the former Expo 2010 site and served as the centrepiece of the world exposition in Shanghai.", "title": "Lupu Bridge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to \"...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation\".", "title": "José Antunes Sobrinho" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Guillemard Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Guillemard Jawi: جمبتن ڬويلليمارد) is a single track railway truss bridge located in Kusial, in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. It is two of the oldest railway bridges in the country after Victoria Bridge in Perak. The bridge was constructed between May 1920 and July 1924 by The Metro Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. Ltd based in Wednesbury, England as a crossing over the Kelantan River. The bridge was officially opened on 1925 by the late Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV of Kelantan and was named after the British Governor for the Straits Settlements, Sir Laurence Guillemard (1920 - 1927).", "title": "Guillemard Bridge" } ]	Who plays the artist that Langlois Bridge is named after in Dr. Who?	Tony Curran	[]	Title: Bowen Bridge Passage: The Bowen Bridge is a four-lane road bridge crossing the Derwent River in Tasmania, Australia. The Bridge lies on the river about half way between the Tasman Bridge and the Bridgewater Bridge. The Bridge links the East Derwent Highway with the Brooker Highway (as Goodwood Road) at Glenorchy some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Hobart. The Bowen Bridge was built with Federal funds following the collapse of the Tasman Bridge in 1975. The bridge cost $49 million to construct and was officially opened on 23 February 1984. The Bowen Bridge was built with the intention of assisting the commuters of Hobart, should something happen to the Tasman Bridge. The bridge is named after John Bowen who settled the first European Colony in Tasmania at Risdon Cove, which later would be moved to the other side of the Derwent to form Hobart. Title: General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge Passage: The General En Jefe Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. It is named after General Rafael Urdaneta, a Venezuelan hero of Independence. Title: Holly Matthews Passage: She attended the British drama school East 15 in 2005, and left after winning a high - profile role in the BBC drama Waterloo Road, playing the bully Leigh - Ann Galloway. Since that role, Matthews has continued to act in BBC's Doctors, playing Connie Whitfield; in ITV's The Bill playing drug addict Josie Clarke; and she was back in the BBC soap Doctors in 2009, playing Tansy Flack. Title: Mark Morris Memorial Bridge Passage: The Mark Morris Memorial Bridge (locally called the North Bridge) is a 2 lane truss bridge across the Mississippi River in the United States. It connects the cities of Clinton, Iowa and Fulton, Illinois. The bridge may also be known as the Lyons-Fulton Bridge, which was the name of a predecessor bridge and the name listed on the USGS topographical map. The town of Lyons, Iowa, was annexed to Clinton in 1895, but the north end of the city is still referred to as Lyons. The bridge is the terminus of both Iowa Highway 136 and Illinois Route 136. The 1975 bridge was named in memory Mark Morris, a long time member of the City of Clinton Bridge Commission who died in 1972. Morris was instrumental in the construction of the 1975 bridge and the City of Clinton Bridge Commission named it in his honor. Title: Manwel Dimech Bridge Passage: Manwel Dimech Bridge is a beam bridge at San Ġiljan, Malta. It is named after Manuel Dimech, and was officially inaugurated on 18 September 1971 by the Minister of Public Works, Lorry Sant. The bridge is approximately 130m long and 32m wide, and spans over Wied Għomor. It is part of Mikiel Anton Vassalli Road (popularly known as Regional Road) just beyond the tunnels on the way to Paceville and St. Andrew’s. A commemorative plaque close to the bridge reports that the construction of the bridge, the road and the tunnels were aided by the Chinese government. The tunnels are named after Sun Yat-sen, and the bridge on the other side of the tunnels is named after Ġużè Ellul Mercer. The bridge was thoroughly restored and reinforced in 2008 amid some controversy. Title: John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge Passage: The John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge is a bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Raritan River. The bridge was built in 2005 to replace the smaller Nevius Street Bridge built in 1886. The Nevius Street Bridge today functions as a pedestrian bridge. The bridge connects First Avenue and what used to be the short one way block of Lyman Street in Raritan with River Road in Hillsborough. After crossing into Hillsborough, the road curves to meet up with the old alignment with the Nevius Street Bridge. The bridge is named for local World War II hero, John Basilone. The bridge has a pedestrian tunnel underneath its northern approach, as part of the Raritan River Greenway. Title: Samora Machel Bridge Passage: Samora Machel Bridge is a bridge in Mozambique across the Zambezi River. It is named after Samora Machel, the former President of Mozambique. Title: Vincent and the Doctor Passage: Intrigued by an ominous figure in one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings, alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Provence has been plagued by an invisible monster, known as the Krafayis, which only Van Gogh can see. The Doctor and Amy work with Van Gogh to defeat the Krafayis, but in their attempt to have Van Gogh realise his legacy through bringing him to the future they ultimately realise that not all of time can be rewritten and there are some evils which are out of the Doctor's reach. Title: Ernest Langlois Passage: Ernest Langlois (Heippes, 4 September 1857 – Lille, 15 July 1924) was a French medievalist, professor at the University of Lille. Title: Bryan Bridge Passage: The Bryan Bridge brings U.S. Route 20 over the Niobrara River in Cherry County, Nebraska, near Valentine. It was built in 1932 and is a pin-connected arch bridge that is designated "Most Beautiful Steel Bridge" in its year, out of bridges costing less than $250,000, by the American Institute of Steel Construction. It is named after then-sitting Nebraska governor Charles W. Bryan. Title: Guillemard Bridge Passage: The Guillemard Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Guillemard Jawi: جمبتن ڬويلليمارد) is a single track railway truss bridge located in Kusial, in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. It is two of the oldest railway bridges in the country after Victoria Bridge in Perak. The bridge was constructed between May 1920 and July 1924 by The Metro Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. Ltd based in Wednesbury, England as a crossing over the Kelantan River. The bridge was officially opened on 1925 by the late Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV of Kelantan and was named after the British Governor for the Straits Settlements, Sir Laurence Guillemard (1920 - 1927). Title: Shippingsport Bridge Passage: Shippingsport Bridge has been the name of three similarly-located bridges over the Illinois River in LaSalle Township, LaSalle County, Illinois: an 1872 swing span bridge, a 1929 vertical-lift bridge nearby, and a 2003 bridge in the same location as the 1929 bridge. The third bridge still exists and carries Illinois Route 351 (IL 351). Title: Charles Langlois (actor) Passage: Charles Langlois (1692–1762) was a French actor who spent a large part of his career in Sweden, where he was to play an important part in Swedish theatre history as the originator of the first national theatre in Sweden, and its first director. He was also a composer. Title: Lupu Bridge Passage: The Lupu Bridge (), named after Luwan District, is a through arch bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Huangpu and Pudong districts. It is the world's second longest steel arch bridge, after the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing. The bridge has a total length including approach spans of and opened on June 28, 2003. The main bridge structure is 750m long including the two side spans of 100m each, and the main span of over the Huangpu River is longer than the previous record holder for the longest arch bridge, the New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia. It cost 2.5 billion yuan (US$302 million), including US$78.04 for the main steel structure alone. It is located adjacent to the former Expo 2010 site and served as the centrepiece of the world exposition in Shanghai. Title: Abraham Lincoln Bridge Passage: The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. The main span is (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of . It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana. Title: Langlois Bridge Passage: Langlois Bridge (French: "Pont de Langlois") was a drawbridge in Arles, France, which was the subject of several paintings by Vincent van Gogh in 1888. Being one of eleven drawbridges built by a Dutch engineer along the channel from Arles to Port-de-Bouc, this bridge might have reminded the artist of his homeland. Title: Haji Mohd Lazim Bridge Passage: Haji Mohd Lazim Bridge or Tanjung Sedili Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Haji Mohd Lazim Jawi: جمبتن حاج محمد لازيم) is a river bridge in Sedili, Johor, Malaysia. The bridges crosses Sedili Besar River. A road bridge spans the river near its mouth close to the village of Tanjung Sedili. It spans 600 metres across the river and links the coastal regions to the north and south of the river. Its construction was completed in around 2006. It was named after Ustaz Haji Mohd Lazim bin Saim, an Islamic religious school teacher of the Madrasah Arabiah Kluang. Title: Dudley B. Menzies Bridge Passage: The Dudley B. Menzies Bridge is a dedicated LRT bridge crossing the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Named after Edmonton engineer and politician Dudley Blair Menzies, the bridge was the "first concrete segmental box girder bridge in Western Canada". The main deck carries two tracks of the LRT system connecting Grandin/Government Centre station and the University station. A walkway for pedestrians and bicycles hangs beneath the main spans of the bridge over the river. Title: José Antunes Sobrinho Passage: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to "...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation". Title: Albert Louppe Passage: Jules Albert Louppe (6 June 1856 – 5 July 1927) was a French explosives engineer who became a politician. The Plougastel Bridge, or Albert-Louppe Bridge, near Brest in north-western France, is named after him.	[ "Vincent and the Doctor", "Langlois Bridge" ]
2hop__461080_68172	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A wide range of sports were already established by the time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of sport in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought increased leisure time, letting people attend and follow spectator sports and participate in athletic activities. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans followed the exploits of professional athletes – all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been increasing debate about whether transgender sportspersons should be able to participate in sport events that conform with their post-transition gender identity.", "title": "Sport" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium (Simplified Chinese: 南京奥林匹克体育中心体育馆) is an indoor arena in Nanjing, China. The arena used mainly for indoor sports such as basketball and figure skating. The facility has a capacity of 13,000 people and was opened in 2005. It is located near Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre.", "title": "Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guilherme Paraense (25 June 1884 – 18 April 1968) was a Brazilian sport shooter and Olympic Champion. He was the first Brazilian to win an Olympic gold medal.", "title": "Guilherme Paraense" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics due to disputes between the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the International Olympic Committee over how to define amateur players. After two appearances as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984 (with a U-21 age limit), it returned as a full medal sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics open for all players regardless of their age and status and has been played at every edition of the Games since then.", "title": "Tennis at the Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yury Nikandrov (22 November 1923 – 21 December 2018) was a Russian sport shooter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, in the 1956 Summer Olympics, and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Yury Nikandrov" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New South Wales Institute of Sport (NSWIS), located at Sydney Olympic Park, was established as a statutory body under the Institute of Sport Act, 1995, following a review recommending central coordination and monitoring of high performance sports programs. Operations officially commenced in 1996. Today, the Institute has almost 700 athletes on squad or individual scholarships and offers 31 sport programs across 24 sports. The services ensure that NSWIS athletes have access to coaching and sports technology while also receiving tailored support to help balance their sporting commitments with personal development and a career.", "title": "New South Wales Institute of Sport" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona.", "title": "Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games.", "title": "Figure skating at the Olympic Games" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first organized meeting of the sport took place in 1883 in Switzerland. In 1913, the Internationale Schlittensportverband or International Sled Sports Federation was founded in Dresden, Germany. This body governed the sport until 1935, when it was incorporated in the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT, International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation). After it had been decided that luge would replace the sport of skeleton at the Olympic Games, the first World Championships in the sport were held in 1955 in Oslo (Norway). In 1957, the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course (FIL, International Luge Federation) was founded. Luge events were first included in the Olympic Winter Games in 1964.", "title": "Luge" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles, with mixed doubles added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.", "title": "Badminton" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kila Raipur Sports Festival, popularly known as the Rural Olympics, is held annually in Kila Raipur (near Ludhiana), in Punjab, India. Competitions are held for major Punjabi rural sports, include cart-race, athletic events and rope pulling.", "title": "Kila Raipur Sports Festival" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics", "title": "Kabaddi" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games.", "title": "Curling at the Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mathias E. Glomnes (2 February 1869 – 5 June 1956) was a Norwegian sport shooter who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Mathias Glomnes" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Crowe Buck (November 25, 1884 -- July 24, 1943) was an American college sports coach and physical education instructor. He founded the YMCA College of Physical Education at Madras in 1920, which played a key role in promoting sports and in establishing the Olympic movement in India. He has been called ``The Father of Physical Education in India ''. He was also one of the founding members of the Olympic movement in India and the Indian Olympic Association, and was manager of the Indian team at the 1924 Olympics.", "title": "Harry Buck" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head - first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport. Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. Skeleton is so - named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton.", "title": "Skeleton at the Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kerstin Szymkowiak (born Kerstin Jürgens on 19 December 1977 in Siegen) is a German retired skeleton racer who has competed since 2002. She won three bronze medals in the women's skeleton event, earning them in 2004, 2008, and 2009.", "title": "Kerstin Szymkowiak" } ]	When did Kerstin Szymkowiak's sport enter the Olympics?	1928	[]	Title: Olympic Games Passage: The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart. Title: Nanjing Passage: In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000. Title: Figure skating at the Olympic Games Passage: Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games. Title: Mathias Glomnes Passage: Mathias E. Glomnes (2 February 1869 – 5 June 1956) was a Norwegian sport shooter who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. Title: Kerstin Szymkowiak Passage: Kerstin Szymkowiak (born Kerstin Jürgens on 19 December 1977 in Siegen) is a German retired skeleton racer who has competed since 2002. She won three bronze medals in the women's skeleton event, earning them in 2004, 2008, and 2009. Title: New South Wales Institute of Sport Passage: The New South Wales Institute of Sport (NSWIS), located at Sydney Olympic Park, was established as a statutory body under the Institute of Sport Act, 1995, following a review recommending central coordination and monitoring of high performance sports programs. Operations officially commenced in 1996. Today, the Institute has almost 700 athletes on squad or individual scholarships and offers 31 sport programs across 24 sports. The services ensure that NSWIS athletes have access to coaching and sports technology while also receiving tailored support to help balance their sporting commitments with personal development and a career. Title: Kabaddi Passage: Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics Title: Luge Passage: The first organized meeting of the sport took place in 1883 in Switzerland. In 1913, the Internationale Schlittensportverband or International Sled Sports Federation was founded in Dresden, Germany. This body governed the sport until 1935, when it was incorporated in the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT, International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation). After it had been decided that luge would replace the sport of skeleton at the Olympic Games, the first World Championships in the sport were held in 1955 in Oslo (Norway). In 1957, the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course (FIL, International Luge Federation) was founded. Luge events were first included in the Olympic Winter Games in 1964. Title: Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics Passage: Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona. Title: Tennis at the Summer Olympics Passage: Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics due to disputes between the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the International Olympic Committee over how to define amateur players. After two appearances as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984 (with a U-21 age limit), it returned as a full medal sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics open for all players regardless of their age and status and has been played at every edition of the Games since then. Title: Guilherme Paraense Passage: Guilherme Paraense (25 June 1884 – 18 April 1968) was a Brazilian sport shooter and Olympic Champion. He was the first Brazilian to win an Olympic gold medal. Title: Nanjing Passage: There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China. Title: Sport Passage: A wide range of sports were already established by the time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of sport in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought increased leisure time, letting people attend and follow spectator sports and participate in athletic activities. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans followed the exploits of professional athletes – all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been increasing debate about whether transgender sportspersons should be able to participate in sport events that conform with their post-transition gender identity. Title: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium Passage: The Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium (Simplified Chinese: 南京奥林匹克体育中心体育馆) is an indoor arena in Nanjing, China. The arena used mainly for indoor sports such as basketball and figure skating. The facility has a capacity of 13,000 people and was opened in 2005. It is located near Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre. Title: Curling at the Winter Olympics Passage: Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games. Title: Yury Nikandrov Passage: Yury Nikandrov (22 November 1923 – 21 December 2018) was a Russian sport shooter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, in the 1956 Summer Olympics, and in the 1960 Summer Olympics. Title: Kila Raipur Sports Festival Passage: Kila Raipur Sports Festival, popularly known as the Rural Olympics, is held annually in Kila Raipur (near Ludhiana), in Punjab, India. Competitions are held for major Punjabi rural sports, include cart-race, athletic events and rope pulling. Title: Harry Buck Passage: Harry Crowe Buck (November 25, 1884 -- July 24, 1943) was an American college sports coach and physical education instructor. He founded the YMCA College of Physical Education at Madras in 1920, which played a key role in promoting sports and in establishing the Olympic movement in India. He has been called ``The Father of Physical Education in India ''. He was also one of the founding members of the Olympic movement in India and the Indian Olympic Association, and was manager of the Indian team at the 1924 Olympics. Title: Skeleton at the Winter Olympics Passage: Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head - first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport. Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. Skeleton is so - named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton. Title: Badminton Passage: The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles, with mixed doubles added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.	[ "Skeleton at the Winter Olympics", "Kerstin Szymkowiak" ]
2hop__551793_112624	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Susan Ann Howard\" (1863) was a schooner requisitioned from the prize court by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the American Civil War.", "title": "USS Susan Ann Howard (1863)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary was born on 18 February 1516 at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, England. She was the only child of King Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon to survive infancy. Her mother had suffered many miscarriages. Before Mary's birth, four previous pregnancies had resulted in a stillborn daughter and three short-lived or stillborn sons, including Henry, Duke of Cornwall.Mary was baptised into the Catholic faith at the Church of the Observant Friars in Greenwich three days after her birth. Her godparents included Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey; her great-aunt Catherine of York, Countess of Devon; and Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. Henry VIII's cousin once removed, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, stood sponsor for Mary's confirmation, which was held immediately after the baptism. The following year, Mary became a godmother herself when she was named as one of the sponsors of her cousin Frances Brandon. In 1520, the Countess of Salisbury was appointed Mary's governess. Sir John Hussey, later Lord Hussey, was her chamberlain from 1530, and his wife, Lady Anne, daughter of George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent, was one of Mary's attendants.", "title": "Mary I of England" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne's family also profited from the relationship. Her father, already Viscount Rochford, was created Earl of Wiltshire. Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond. At the magnificent banquet to celebrate her father's elevation, Anne took precedence over the Duchesses of Suffolk and Norfolk, seated in the place of honour beside the King which was usually occupied by the Queen. Thanks to Anne's intervention, her widowed sister Mary received an annual pension of £100, and Mary's son, Henry Carey, was educated at a prestigious Cistercian monastery.", "title": "Anne Boleyn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Magdalene of Brandenburg (1460 in Tangermünde – 17 June 1496 at Hohenzollern Castle) was a German noblewoman. She was a princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage a Duchess of Hohenzollern.", "title": "Magdalena of Brandenburg, Countess of Hohenzollern" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Coleman Howard is an American actor, screenwriter and film director. He is the son of advice columnist Margo Howard, the grandson of advice columnist Ann Landers and the stepson of actor Ken Howard.", "title": "Adam Coleman Howard" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renata of Lorraine (20 April 1544 – 22 May 1602), was by birth a member of the House of Lorraine and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria.", "title": "Renata of Lorraine" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dawn Anna is a 2005 American dramatic television film written by Robert Munic, Arliss Howard, and James Howard, and directed by Arliss Howard. The film, based upon real events surrounding the Columbine High School massacre, premiered on Lifetime Television January 10, 2005.", "title": "Dawn Anna" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg (15 January 1547, Basel – 4 March 1590, Marburg) was a princess of Württemberg by birth, and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Marburg.", "title": "Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilton is a city in Burleigh and McLean counties in the State of North Dakota. It is part of the \"Bismarck, ND Metropolitan Statistical Area\" or \"Bismarck-Mandan\". The population was 711 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1899, Wilton was named by General W. D. Washburn after the town of Wilton in his native state of Maine.", "title": "Wilton, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War Lover is a 1962 British black-and-white war film directed by Philip Leacock and written by Howard Koch loosely based on the 1959 novel, \"The War Lover\" by John Hersey, altering the names of characters and events but retaining its basic framework. It stars Steve McQueen, Robert Wagner, Shirley Anne Field, Ed Bishop and features a young Michael Crawford.", "title": "The War Lover" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Floods of Fear is a 1959 British thriller film directed by Charles Crichton and starring Howard Keel, Anne Heywood and Harry H. Corbett.", "title": "Floods of Fear" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Admiral Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, (24 August 156128 May 1626) was a son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk by his second wife Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk, the daughter and heiress of the 1st Baron Audley of Walden.", "title": "Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (11 September 1494 in Celle – 2 April 1572 in Geldern) was a Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Guelders.", "title": "Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilton, who was born in Cringleford, Norfolk, was the son of a British mining engineer employed in Russia. In 1889 he joined the European staff of the \"New York Herald\", remaining with that newspaper for fourteen years, and corresponding on both Russian and German affairs. He then took up an appointment as \"The Times\" correspondent in St Petersburg, and became known as a keen observer of events in Russia during the last years of the Tsarist regime. After the Revolution, he moved to Siberia. Following the collapse of the Kolchak government, Wilton managed to escape from Russia and eventually arrived in Paris where, in 1920, he rejoined the \"New York Herald\". In 1924 he joined the staff of a newly founded newspaper, the \"Paris Times\" (which published in English). He died from cancer at the Hertford British Hospital in Paris early in 1925.", "title": "Robert Wilton" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The role of Anne of Cleves was played by actress and singer Joss Stone in the Showtime cable television series The Tudors. The series downplays Anne's naiveté and exaggerates her popularity so as to provide a foil for the immature, unpopular Catherine Howard. The series also has an anachronistically svelte Henry engaging in an affair with Anne after his marriage to Catherine Howard, realizing too late that he ``like (s) her after all. ''", "title": "Anne of Cleves" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Anne Mary Teresa Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, (\"née\" Constable-Maxwell; 30 August 1927 – 8 April 2013) was a British peeress and humanitarian.", "title": "Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers (14 February 140812 June 1435) was an English nobleman and military commander during the later phases of the Hundred Years' War. His father, John FitzAlan, 3rd Baron Maltravers, fought a long battle to lay claim to the Arundel earldom, a battle that was not finally resolved until after the father's death, when John FitzAlan the son was finally confirmed in the title in 1433.", "title": "John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date.", "title": "Peter Fliesteden" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne of Avonlea First edition Author Lucy Maud Montgomery Country Canada Language English Series Anne of Green Gables Genre Children's novel Publisher L.C. Page & Co. Publication date 1909 Preceded by Anne of Green Gables Followed by Anne of the Island", "title": "Anne of Avonlea" } ]	What is the date of death of Anne Fitzalan-Howard, former Duchess of the county where Robert Wilton was born?	8 April 2013	[]	Title: Wilton, North Dakota Passage: Wilton is a city in Burleigh and McLean counties in the State of North Dakota. It is part of the "Bismarck, ND Metropolitan Statistical Area" or "Bismarck-Mandan". The population was 711 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1899, Wilton was named by General W. D. Washburn after the town of Wilton in his native state of Maine. Title: Peter Fliesteden Passage: Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date. Title: The War Lover Passage: The War Lover is a 1962 British black-and-white war film directed by Philip Leacock and written by Howard Koch loosely based on the 1959 novel, "The War Lover" by John Hersey, altering the names of characters and events but retaining its basic framework. It stars Steve McQueen, Robert Wagner, Shirley Anne Field, Ed Bishop and features a young Michael Crawford. Title: Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk Passage: Admiral Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, (24 August 156128 May 1626) was a son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk by his second wife Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk, the daughter and heiress of the 1st Baron Audley of Walden. Title: Magdalena of Brandenburg, Countess of Hohenzollern Passage: Magdalene of Brandenburg (1460 in Tangermünde – 17 June 1496 at Hohenzollern Castle) was a German noblewoman. She was a princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage a Duchess of Hohenzollern. Title: Dawn Anna Passage: Dawn Anna is a 2005 American dramatic television film written by Robert Munic, Arliss Howard, and James Howard, and directed by Arliss Howard. The film, based upon real events surrounding the Columbine High School massacre, premiered on Lifetime Television January 10, 2005. Title: Anne of Avonlea Passage: Anne of Avonlea First edition Author Lucy Maud Montgomery Country Canada Language English Series Anne of Green Gables Genre Children's novel Publisher L.C. Page & Co. Publication date 1909 Preceded by Anne of Green Gables Followed by Anne of the Island Title: USS Susan Ann Howard (1863) Passage: USS "Susan Ann Howard" (1863) was a schooner requisitioned from the prize court by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the American Civil War. Title: Christmas Passage: Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas. Title: Floods of Fear Passage: Floods of Fear is a 1959 British thriller film directed by Charles Crichton and starring Howard Keel, Anne Heywood and Harry H. Corbett. Title: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders Passage: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (11 September 1494 in Celle – 2 April 1572 in Geldern) was a Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Guelders. Title: Renata of Lorraine Passage: Renata of Lorraine (20 April 1544 – 22 May 1602), was by birth a member of the House of Lorraine and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria. Title: Anne of Cleves Passage: The role of Anne of Cleves was played by actress and singer Joss Stone in the Showtime cable television series The Tudors. The series downplays Anne's naiveté and exaggerates her popularity so as to provide a foil for the immature, unpopular Catherine Howard. The series also has an anachronistically svelte Henry engaging in an affair with Anne after his marriage to Catherine Howard, realizing too late that he ``like (s) her after all. '' Title: Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk Passage: Anne Mary Teresa Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, ("née" Constable-Maxwell; 30 August 1927 – 8 April 2013) was a British peeress and humanitarian. Title: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel Passage: John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers (14 February 140812 June 1435) was an English nobleman and military commander during the later phases of the Hundred Years' War. His father, John FitzAlan, 3rd Baron Maltravers, fought a long battle to lay claim to the Arundel earldom, a battle that was not finally resolved until after the father's death, when John FitzAlan the son was finally confirmed in the title in 1433. Title: Mary I of England Passage: Mary was born on 18 February 1516 at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, England. She was the only child of King Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon to survive infancy. Her mother had suffered many miscarriages. Before Mary's birth, four previous pregnancies had resulted in a stillborn daughter and three short-lived or stillborn sons, including Henry, Duke of Cornwall.Mary was baptised into the Catholic faith at the Church of the Observant Friars in Greenwich three days after her birth. Her godparents included Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey; her great-aunt Catherine of York, Countess of Devon; and Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. Henry VIII's cousin once removed, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, stood sponsor for Mary's confirmation, which was held immediately after the baptism. The following year, Mary became a godmother herself when she was named as one of the sponsors of her cousin Frances Brandon. In 1520, the Countess of Salisbury was appointed Mary's governess. Sir John Hussey, later Lord Hussey, was her chamberlain from 1530, and his wife, Lady Anne, daughter of George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent, was one of Mary's attendants. Title: Robert Wilton Passage: Wilton, who was born in Cringleford, Norfolk, was the son of a British mining engineer employed in Russia. In 1889 he joined the European staff of the "New York Herald", remaining with that newspaper for fourteen years, and corresponding on both Russian and German affairs. He then took up an appointment as "The Times" correspondent in St Petersburg, and became known as a keen observer of events in Russia during the last years of the Tsarist regime. After the Revolution, he moved to Siberia. Following the collapse of the Kolchak government, Wilton managed to escape from Russia and eventually arrived in Paris where, in 1920, he rejoined the "New York Herald". In 1924 he joined the staff of a newly founded newspaper, the "Paris Times" (which published in English). He died from cancer at the Hertford British Hospital in Paris early in 1925. Title: Adam Coleman Howard Passage: Adam Coleman Howard is an American actor, screenwriter and film director. He is the son of advice columnist Margo Howard, the grandson of advice columnist Ann Landers and the stepson of actor Ken Howard. Title: Anne Boleyn Passage: Anne's family also profited from the relationship. Her father, already Viscount Rochford, was created Earl of Wiltshire. Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond. At the magnificent banquet to celebrate her father's elevation, Anne took precedence over the Duchesses of Suffolk and Norfolk, seated in the place of honour beside the King which was usually occupied by the Queen. Thanks to Anne's intervention, her widowed sister Mary received an annual pension of £100, and Mary's son, Henry Carey, was educated at a prestigious Cistercian monastery. Title: Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg Passage: Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg (15 January 1547, Basel – 4 March 1590, Marburg) was a princess of Württemberg by birth, and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Marburg.	[ "Robert Wilton", "Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk" ]
2hop__71102_52375	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inventiones Mathematicae is a mathematical journal published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established in 1966 and is regarded as one of the most prestigious mathematics journals in the world. , the managing editors are Helmut Hofer (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) and Jean-Benoît Bost (University of Paris-Sud).", "title": "Inventiones Mathematicae" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vidyadaan Institute of Technology and Management (VITM ) is a college established in 2010 in Buxar, Bihar, India. It is first engineering college in Bihar affiliated to Aryabhatta Knowledge University.", "title": "Vidyadaan Institute of Technology and Management" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Region Rank Country 2015 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars -- Africa 5,736,700 Nigeria 1,192.00 Egypt 995.97 South Africa 724.01 Algeria 570.64 Morocco 274.53 6 Angola 185.25 7 Sudan 167.42 8 Ethiopia 159.22 9 Tanzania 150.4 10 Kenya 143.05 11 Tunisia 127.21 12 Ghana 113.35 13 Libya 92.88 14 Uganda 79.75 15 Ivory Coast 78.34 16 Cameroon 72.11 17 Zambia 64.65 18 Democratic Republic of the Congo 63.27 19 Botswana 37.16 20 Senegal 36.30 21 Madagascar 35.56 22 Gabon 34.41 23 Chad 33.73 24 Mozambique 32.00 25 Burkina Faso 31.18 26 Mali 29.15 27 Zimbabwe 28.90 28 Republic of the Congo 27.92 29 Equatorial Guinea 25.94 30 Mauritius 24.84 31 Namibia 24.51 32 Benin 21.16 33 Malawi 20.56 34 Rwanda 20.32 35 Niger 18.96 36 Mauritania 16.43 37 Guinea 15.28 38 Swaziland 10.87 39 Togo 10.82 40 Eritrea 7.94 41 Burundi 7.88 42 Somalia 5.90 43 Lesotho 5.78 44 Gambia 3.27 45 Liberia 3.78 46 Cape Verde 3.48 47 Djibouti 3.09 48 Seychelles 2.53 49 Guinea - Bissau 1.94 50 Central African Republic 1.62 51 Comoros 1.21 52 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.66", "title": "List of African countries by GDP (PPP)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steven D. Eppinger (born 1961) is an American engineer, and Professor of Management, Professor of Management Science and Innovation, and Professor of Engineering Systems at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, known for his work on product design and product development.", "title": "Steven D. Eppinger" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Within developed countries it is more common in those who are economically disadvantaged while in contrast in developing countries it is more common in the affluent. The reason for these differences is not well known. Low and middle income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality.", "title": "Asthma" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Model Technical Higher Secondary Schools are a set of secondary schools located in Kerala, India. These schools were established as part of the growth in the technology and hi-tech sectors and as a means of providing education in these areas. These schools are managed by the Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD) and promote scientific advancement, technological progress, and economic growth. The instruction is conducted in English.", "title": "Model Technical Higher Secondary Schools" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM) is a non-profit institution that defines the required skills and standards for professional managers, and offers courses leading to diplomas in Management.", "title": "Nigerian Institute of Management" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands has a developed economy and has been playing a special role in the European economy for many centuries. Since the 16th century, shipping, fishing, agriculture, trade, and banking have been leading sectors of the Dutch economy. The Netherlands has a high level of economic freedom. The Netherlands is one of the top countries in the Global Enabling Trade Report (2nd in 2016), and was ranked the fifth most competitive economy in the world by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development in 2017. In addition, the country was ranked the second most innovative nation in the world in the 2018 Global Innovation Index.", "title": "Netherlands" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Putnam Investments is a privately owned investment management firm founded in 1937 by George Putnam, who established one of the first balanced mutual funds, The George Putnam Fund of Boston. As one of the oldest mutual fund complexes in the United States, Putnam has over $183 billion in assets under management, 79 individual mutual fund offerings, 96 institutional clients, and over seven million shareholders and retirement plan participants.", "title": "Putnam Investments" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Heeks is Professor of Development Informatics in the Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK. He is Director of the University's Centre for Development Informatics.", "title": "Richard Heeks" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.", "title": "Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All developing countries are, in principle, eligible for OFID assistance, although the least developed countries are given higher priority and have received more than one-half of the institution’s cumulative commitments to date. Also eligible are international institutions whose activities benefit the developing countries. OFID Member Countries are excluded from benefiting from assistance, except in the case of disaster relief or within the context of a regional program. Over the years, OFID has spread its presence to 134 countries, of which 53 are in Africa, 43 in Asia, 31 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 7 in Europe.", "title": "OPEC Fund for International Development" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), Mumbai is an advanced research institution established by The Reserve Bank of India in 1987 on the occasion of its golden jubilee. The Institute's mission is to carry out research on developmental issues from a multi-disciplinary point of view. It has one of the largest Social Sciences libraries in Asia. The institute has an M.Phil./Ph.D. programme in Development Studies and also an MSc programme in Economics.", "title": "Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He is the General Director of the program for development of young professor in economics and management for an “economy with a human face”, established in 27 Argentine universities, in Peru, and in Uruguay, and General Director of the new international program for preparation of young leaders established by Buenos Aires University and CAF Latin-American Development Bank in South American and Andean countries.", "title": "Bernardo Kliksberg" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian Institute of Management Lucknow (abbreviated IIM Lucknow or IIM-L) is an autonomous public business school in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 1984 as the fourth Indian Institute of Management (IIM) by the Government of India. IIM Lucknow offers post-graduate diploma, fellowship and executive programs in management. It is recognised as an \"Institution of Excellence\" by India's Ministry of Human Resource Development. IIM Lucknow also serves as the mentor institution for the newly established IIM Jammu, IIM Rohtak and IIM Kashipur. It also served as a mentor institute to IIM Sirmaur till 2018.", "title": "Indian Institute of Management Lucknow" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are a group of 20 public, autonomous institutes of management education and research in India. They primarily offer postgraduate, doctoral and executive education programmes. The establishment of IIMs was initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, based on the recommendation of the Planning Commission.", "title": "Indian Institutes of Management" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of February 2017, Forbes magazine listed Soros as the 29th richest person in the world, the world's richest hedge-fund manager, and 19th on its list of the 400 wealthiest Americans, with a net worth estimated at $25.2 billion. This was after Soros had lost almost $1 billion in the weeks after the election of Republican Donald Trump as U.S. president in 2016.Soros has been active as a philanthropist since the 1970s, when he began providing funds to help black students attend the University of Cape Town in apartheid South Africa, and began funding dissident movements behind the Iron Curtain.", "title": "George Soros" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to these institutions, Swaziland also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management. The Mananga management centre was established as Mananga Agricultural Management Centre in 1972 as an International Management Development Centre catering for middle and senior managers, it is located at Ezulwini.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pretoria National Botanical Garden is one of South Africa's nine National Botanical Gardens. The garden is wedged between Pretoria Road and Cussonia Avenue in Brummeria, in eastern Pretoria, Gauteng, and flanks a central rocky ridge that runs from east to west. The garden was established in 1946, and of late hosts the headquarters of the South African National Biodiversity Institute.", "title": "Pretoria National Botanical Garden" } ]	What institution is established for management of development in one of the richest countries in Africa?	Nigerian Institute of Management	[]	Title: OPEC Fund for International Development Passage: All developing countries are, in principle, eligible for OFID assistance, although the least developed countries are given higher priority and have received more than one-half of the institution’s cumulative commitments to date. Also eligible are international institutions whose activities benefit the developing countries. OFID Member Countries are excluded from benefiting from assistance, except in the case of disaster relief or within the context of a regional program. Over the years, OFID has spread its presence to 134 countries, of which 53 are in Africa, 43 in Asia, 31 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 7 in Europe. Title: Model Technical Higher Secondary Schools Passage: The Model Technical Higher Secondary Schools are a set of secondary schools located in Kerala, India. These schools were established as part of the growth in the technology and hi-tech sectors and as a means of providing education in these areas. These schools are managed by the Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD) and promote scientific advancement, technological progress, and economic growth. The instruction is conducted in English. Title: Inventiones Mathematicae Passage: Inventiones Mathematicae is a mathematical journal published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established in 1966 and is regarded as one of the most prestigious mathematics journals in the world. , the managing editors are Helmut Hofer (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) and Jean-Benoît Bost (University of Paris-Sud). Title: Pretoria National Botanical Garden Passage: The Pretoria National Botanical Garden is one of South Africa's nine National Botanical Gardens. The garden is wedged between Pretoria Road and Cussonia Avenue in Brummeria, in eastern Pretoria, Gauteng, and flanks a central rocky ridge that runs from east to west. The garden was established in 1946, and of late hosts the headquarters of the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Title: Vidyadaan Institute of Technology and Management Passage: Vidyadaan Institute of Technology and Management (VITM ) is a college established in 2010 in Buxar, Bihar, India. It is first engineering college in Bihar affiliated to Aryabhatta Knowledge University. Title: Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature Passage: The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture. Title: Indian Institutes of Management Passage: The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are a group of 20 public, autonomous institutes of management education and research in India. They primarily offer postgraduate, doctoral and executive education programmes. The establishment of IIMs was initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, based on the recommendation of the Planning Commission. Title: Eswatini Passage: In addition to these institutions, Swaziland also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management. The Mananga management centre was established as Mananga Agricultural Management Centre in 1972 as an International Management Development Centre catering for middle and senior managers, it is located at Ezulwini. Title: Bernardo Kliksberg Passage: He is the General Director of the program for development of young professor in economics and management for an “economy with a human face”, established in 27 Argentine universities, in Peru, and in Uruguay, and General Director of the new international program for preparation of young leaders established by Buenos Aires University and CAF Latin-American Development Bank in South American and Andean countries. Title: Indian Institute of Management Lucknow Passage: The Indian Institute of Management Lucknow (abbreviated IIM Lucknow or IIM-L) is an autonomous public business school in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 1984 as the fourth Indian Institute of Management (IIM) by the Government of India. IIM Lucknow offers post-graduate diploma, fellowship and executive programs in management. It is recognised as an "Institution of Excellence" by India's Ministry of Human Resource Development. IIM Lucknow also serves as the mentor institution for the newly established IIM Jammu, IIM Rohtak and IIM Kashipur. It also served as a mentor institute to IIM Sirmaur till 2018. Title: Nigerian Institute of Management Passage: The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM) is a non-profit institution that defines the required skills and standards for professional managers, and offers courses leading to diplomas in Management. Title: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Passage: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), Mumbai is an advanced research institution established by The Reserve Bank of India in 1987 on the occasion of its golden jubilee. The Institute's mission is to carry out research on developmental issues from a multi-disciplinary point of view. It has one of the largest Social Sciences libraries in Asia. The institute has an M.Phil./Ph.D. programme in Development Studies and also an MSc programme in Economics. Title: Putnam Investments Passage: Putnam Investments is a privately owned investment management firm founded in 1937 by George Putnam, who established one of the first balanced mutual funds, The George Putnam Fund of Boston. As one of the oldest mutual fund complexes in the United States, Putnam has over $183 billion in assets under management, 79 individual mutual fund offerings, 96 institutional clients, and over seven million shareholders and retirement plan participants. Title: George Soros Passage: As of February 2017, Forbes magazine listed Soros as the 29th richest person in the world, the world's richest hedge-fund manager, and 19th on its list of the 400 wealthiest Americans, with a net worth estimated at $25.2 billion. This was after Soros had lost almost $1 billion in the weeks after the election of Republican Donald Trump as U.S. president in 2016.Soros has been active as a philanthropist since the 1970s, when he began providing funds to help black students attend the University of Cape Town in apartheid South Africa, and began funding dissident movements behind the Iron Curtain. Title: Asthma Passage: As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Within developed countries it is more common in those who are economically disadvantaged while in contrast in developing countries it is more common in the affluent. The reason for these differences is not well known. Low and middle income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality. Title: Richard Heeks Passage: Richard Heeks is Professor of Development Informatics in the Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK. He is Director of the University's Centre for Development Informatics. Title: Steven D. Eppinger Passage: Steven D. Eppinger (born 1961) is an American engineer, and Professor of Management, Professor of Management Science and Innovation, and Professor of Engineering Systems at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, known for his work on product design and product development. Title: List of African countries by GDP (PPP) Passage: Region Rank Country 2015 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars -- Africa 5,736,700 Nigeria 1,192.00 Egypt 995.97 South Africa 724.01 Algeria 570.64 Morocco 274.53 6 Angola 185.25 7 Sudan 167.42 8 Ethiopia 159.22 9 Tanzania 150.4 10 Kenya 143.05 11 Tunisia 127.21 12 Ghana 113.35 13 Libya 92.88 14 Uganda 79.75 15 Ivory Coast 78.34 16 Cameroon 72.11 17 Zambia 64.65 18 Democratic Republic of the Congo 63.27 19 Botswana 37.16 20 Senegal 36.30 21 Madagascar 35.56 22 Gabon 34.41 23 Chad 33.73 24 Mozambique 32.00 25 Burkina Faso 31.18 26 Mali 29.15 27 Zimbabwe 28.90 28 Republic of the Congo 27.92 29 Equatorial Guinea 25.94 30 Mauritius 24.84 31 Namibia 24.51 32 Benin 21.16 33 Malawi 20.56 34 Rwanda 20.32 35 Niger 18.96 36 Mauritania 16.43 37 Guinea 15.28 38 Swaziland 10.87 39 Togo 10.82 40 Eritrea 7.94 41 Burundi 7.88 42 Somalia 5.90 43 Lesotho 5.78 44 Gambia 3.27 45 Liberia 3.78 46 Cape Verde 3.48 47 Djibouti 3.09 48 Seychelles 2.53 49 Guinea - Bissau 1.94 50 Central African Republic 1.62 51 Comoros 1.21 52 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.66 Title: Netherlands Passage: The Netherlands has a developed economy and has been playing a special role in the European economy for many centuries. Since the 16th century, shipping, fishing, agriculture, trade, and banking have been leading sectors of the Dutch economy. The Netherlands has a high level of economic freedom. The Netherlands is one of the top countries in the Global Enabling Trade Report (2nd in 2016), and was ranked the fifth most competitive economy in the world by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development in 2017. In addition, the country was ranked the second most innovative nation in the world in the 2018 Global Innovation Index. Title: Portugal Passage: This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire.	[ "List of African countries by GDP (PPP)", "Nigerian Institute of Management" ]
2hop__425022_90928	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thaddeus \"Thad\" Rutter Shideler (October 17, 1883 – June 22, 1966) was an American hurdler who competed in the early twentieth century. He competed in athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the 110 meters hurdles. Fred Schule won the gold medal.", "title": "Thaddeus Shideler" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of American Idol premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. That first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended.", "title": "American Idol (season 1)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that \"As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential\". Others, however, thought that \"the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed\". It was also described as a \"sadistic musical bake-off\", and \"a romp in humiliation\". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations – Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is \"a conniving multimedia monster\" that has \"absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil\". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that \"The terrorists have won\" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who \"gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome).\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"In My Head\" is a song by American singer Jason Derulo, released as the second single from his self-titled debut studio album. It was first released via digital download on December 10, 2009. It topped the charts in Australia, Poland and the United Kingdom, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in several other countries. The song's official remix has a heavier R&B sound, and features American rapper Nicki Minaj. Derulo performed the song on the ninth season of \"American Idol\".", "title": "In My Head (Jason Derulo song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Giving Myself\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jennifer Hudson. It was written and produced by singer-songwriter Robin Thicke, along with his frequent co-producer Pro Jay, for her eponymous debut album, released in 2008. An eleventh hour replacement for Timbaland-produced \"Pocketbook\", the pop–soul ballad was selected as the album's third and final single and sent to US radios on June 2, 2009. Upon release, it charted at number 84 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.", "title": "Giving Myself" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades).", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South American Basketball Championship 1947 was the thirteenth South American Basketball Championship. It was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and won by the Uruguay national basketball team. 6 teams competed.", "title": "1947 South American Basketball Championship" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aubrey Cleland is an American model and singer who came in 11th place on the twelfth season of \"American Idol\".", "title": "Aubrey Cleland" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted \"The American Idol Experience\" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a \"finals\" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a \"Dream Ticket\" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the \"true art form of music\", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem \"so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight\", and that \"television is a lie\". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol \"isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' \" That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that \"Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award\". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that \"there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs\".", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Graham (January 17, 1904 – July 1986) was an American athlete who competed in the men's pole vault. He competed in Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris and won silver, behind fellow American pole vaulter Lee Barnes who won gold.", "title": "Glen Graham" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The third season of American Idol premiered on Monday, January 19, 2004 and continued until May 26, 2004. The third season was won by Fantasia Barrino, who defeated Diana DeGarmo by an approximate margin of 2% (1.3 million votes); the vote total (65 million votes) was the highest recorded vote total in the show's history until the May 23, 2007, finale of the sixth season. This season also featured Jennifer Hudson, who would subsequently win the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "title": "American Idol (season 3)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You Give Love a Bad Name ''is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, released as the first single from their 1986 album Slippery When Wet. Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child about a woman who has jilted her lover, the song reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 29, 1986 and became the band's first number one hit. In 2007, the song reentered the charts at No. 29 after Blake Lewis performed it on American Idol. In 2009 it was named the 20th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Despite the lyrics of the chorus, the song should not be confused with`` Shot Through the Heart'', an unrelated song from Bon Jovi's 1984 self - titled debut album.", "title": "You Give Love a Bad Name" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Frederick Keller (November 10, 1928 – October 6, 2000) was an American basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He competed in three games as a member of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal.", "title": "John Keller" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Courtney Johnson (born May 7, 1974 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American water polo player, who competed in the 2000 Olympics where women's water polo made its debut. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She competed at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, Australia and the 2001 World Championships In Fukuoka, Japan. She won a silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Canada.", "title": "Courtney Johnson (water polo)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael \"Spider\" Maxwell is a retired American gymnast. He competed for Penn State University and won the 1987 Nissen Award (the \"Heisman\" of men's gymnastics).", "title": "Spider Maxwell" } ]	Who won American Idol when the performer of Giving Myself competed?	Fantasia Barrino	[]	Title: Aubrey Cleland Passage: Aubrey Cleland is an American model and singer who came in 11th place on the twelfth season of "American Idol". Title: American Idol Passage: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a "Dream Ticket" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014. Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition. Title: American Idol Passage: As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone. Title: American Idol (season 1) Passage: The first season of American Idol premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. That first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended. Title: In My Head (Jason Derulo song) Passage: "In My Head" is a song by American singer Jason Derulo, released as the second single from his self-titled debut studio album. It was first released via digital download on December 10, 2009. It topped the charts in Australia, Poland and the United Kingdom, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in several other countries. The song's official remix has a heavier R&B sound, and features American rapper Nicki Minaj. Derulo performed the song on the ninth season of "American Idol". Title: Giving Myself Passage: "Giving Myself" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jennifer Hudson. It was written and produced by singer-songwriter Robin Thicke, along with his frequent co-producer Pro Jay, for her eponymous debut album, released in 2008. An eleventh hour replacement for Timbaland-produced "Pocketbook", the pop–soul ballad was selected as the album's third and final single and sent to US radios on June 2, 2009. Upon release, it charted at number 84 on the US "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Title: You Give Love a Bad Name Passage: ``You Give Love a Bad Name ''is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, released as the first single from their 1986 album Slippery When Wet. Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child about a woman who has jilted her lover, the song reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 29, 1986 and became the band's first number one hit. In 2007, the song reentered the charts at No. 29 after Blake Lewis performed it on American Idol. In 2009 it was named the 20th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Despite the lyrics of the chorus, the song should not be confused with`` Shot Through the Heart'', an unrelated song from Bon Jovi's 1984 self - titled debut album. Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season. Title: Glen Graham Passage: Glenn Graham (January 17, 1904 – July 1986) was an American athlete who competed in the men's pole vault. He competed in Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris and won silver, behind fellow American pole vaulter Lee Barnes who won gold. Title: American Idol (season 3) Passage: The third season of American Idol premiered on Monday, January 19, 2004 and continued until May 26, 2004. The third season was won by Fantasia Barrino, who defeated Diana DeGarmo by an approximate margin of 2% (1.3 million votes); the vote total (65 million votes) was the highest recorded vote total in the show's history until the May 23, 2007, finale of the sixth season. This season also featured Jennifer Hudson, who would subsequently win the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Title: Thaddeus Shideler Passage: Thaddeus "Thad" Rutter Shideler (October 17, 1883 – June 22, 1966) was an American hurdler who competed in the early twentieth century. He competed in athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the 110 meters hurdles. Fred Schule won the gold medal. Title: American Idol Passage: Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the "true art form of music", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem "so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight", and that "television is a lie". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol "isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' " That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that "Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that "there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs". Title: Courtney Johnson (water polo) Passage: Courtney Johnson (born May 7, 1974 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American water polo player, who competed in the 2000 Olympics where women's water polo made its debut. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She competed at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, Australia and the 2001 World Championships In Fukuoka, Japan. She won a silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Canada. Title: American Idol Passage: Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential". Others, however, thought that "the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed". It was also described as a "sadistic musical bake-off", and "a romp in humiliation". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations – Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is "a conniving multimedia monster" that has "absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that "The terrorists have won" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who "gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome)." Title: American Idol Passage: The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades). Title: American Idol Passage: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys." Title: John Keller Passage: John Frederick Keller (November 10, 1928 – October 6, 2000) was an American basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He competed in three games as a member of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal. Title: 1947 South American Basketball Championship Passage: The South American Basketball Championship 1947 was the thirteenth South American Basketball Championship. It was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and won by the Uruguay national basketball team. 6 teams competed. Title: Spider Maxwell Passage: Michael "Spider" Maxwell is a retired American gymnast. He competed for Penn State University and won the 1987 Nissen Award (the "Heisman" of men's gymnastics).	[ "Giving Myself", "American Idol (season 3)" ]
2hop__14164_89167	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone X (``X ''pronounced`` ten'' / tɛn /) is a smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. The phone was released on November 3, 2017. This device marks the iPhone series' tenth anniversary, with ``X ''being the symbol for`` ten'' in Roman numerals.", "title": "IPhone X" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady, in comparison to Apple's sales of the iPhone and iPad which increased significantly during the 2010s, Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis, with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs. It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple, updated on a yearly schedule, and consistent across both Apple retail stores, and authorized resellers where they have a special \"store within a store\" section to distinguish them from Windows PCs. In contrast, Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings, selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the \"list of intended brands for desktop purchases\" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They will be succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were moved to the midrange spot in Apple's iPhone lineup when the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in September 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued in most countries on September 7, 2016 when Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Their spot as the entry - level iPhone was replaced by the iPhone SE, which was released earlier on March 31, 2016. The iPhone 6 was relaunched with 32 GB of storage in Asian markets in February 2017 as a midrange / budget iPhone. It was later expanded to Europe, before hitting the US markets in May 2017, and Canada in July 2017.", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the higher - end iPhone X, at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus, and were released on September 22, 2017, succeeding iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.", "title": "IPhone 8" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6S is powered by the Apple A9 system - on - chip, which the company stated is up to 70% faster than Apple A8, and has up to 90% better graphics performance. The iPhone 6S has 2 GB of RAM, more than any previous iPhone, and also supports LTE Advanced. The Touch ID sensor on the 6S was also updated, with the new version having improved fingerprint scanning performance over the previous version.", "title": "IPhone 6S" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering.", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the eighth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 5S that were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly were themselves replaced as the flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering.", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 21, 2017, Apple announced an iPhone 7 with a red color finish (and white front), as part of its partnership with Product Red to highlight its AIDS fundraising campaign. It launched on March 24, 2017, but it was later discontinued after the announcement of the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iOS 10 A version of the iOS operating system The default iOS 10 home screen on an iPhone 7 Developer Apple Inc. Source model Closed with open - source components Initial release September 13, 2016; 17 months ago (2016 - 09 - 13) Latest release 10.3. 3 (14G60) / July 19, 2017; 7 months ago (2017 - 07 - 19) Platforms iPhone iPhone 5 iPhone 5C iPhone 5S iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Plus iPhone 6S iPhone 6S Plus iPhone SE iPhone 7 iPhone 7 Plus iPod Touch iPod Touch (6th generation) iPad iPad (4th generation) iPad Air iPad Air 2 iPad (2017) iPad Mini 2 iPad Mini 3 iPad Mini 4 iPad Pro Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open - source components Preceded by iOS 9 Succeeded by iOS 11 Official website iOS 10 at the Wayback Machine (archived September 12, 2017) Support status Third - party application support only", "title": "IOS 10" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 uses the Apple A10 Fusion 64 - bit system - on - chip, which consists of two low - power cores and two high - power cores (only two cores are used at any point in time). The A10 chip also features a hexa - core graphics chip capable of ``console - level gaming ''. As with prior models, iPhone 7 is available in two sizes: one with a 4.7 - inch screen, and a`` Plus'' variant with a 5.5 - inch screen. The displays have identical sizes and resolutions to iPhone 6S, but with a wider color gamut and increased brightness. The screen - to - body ratio is about ~ 66% and ~ 68% for the 7 and 7 Plus, respectively.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus (stylized and marketed as iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus) are smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 9, 2015, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, with pre-orders beginning September 12 and official release on September 25, 2015. The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were succeeded by the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus in September 2016.", "title": "IPhone 6S" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were officially unveiled during a press event at the Flint Center for Performing Arts in Cupertino, California on September 9, 2014 and released on September 19, 2014; pre-orders began on September 12, 2014, with the iPhone 6 starting at US $649 and the iPhone 6 Plus starting at US $749. In China, where the iPhone 5c and 5s were the first models in the iPhone series to be released in the country on the same day as their international launch, Apple notified local wireless carriers that it would be unable to release the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus on the 19th because there were ``details which are not ready ''; local media reported that the devices had not yet been approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and earlier in the year, a news report by state broadcaster China Central Television alleged that iPhone devices were a threat to national security because iOS 7's`` frequent locations'' function could expose ``state secrets. ''", "title": "IPhone 6" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the upcoming iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 18, 2014, an 8 GB version of the device was released in UK, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, Sweden and China. On September 9, 2014, Apple discontinued the iPhone 4S as part of its annual refresh of the iPhone lineup -- in which time the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were introduced -- thus making the iPhone 5C the entry - level model complimentary when a two - year contract is signed with a US carrier or $349 off - contract. The 16 & 32 GB versions of the iPhone 5C were also discontinued globally, replaced by the 8 GB model. However, some carriers in the US like AT&T kept the 16 GB and 32 GB models instead of having the 8 GB model, thus the 16 GB model was $0 (on - contract) and the 32 GB was priced between $50 -- $100 (on - contract). The 8 GB iPhone 5C succeeded the discontinued iPhone 4S as Apple's entry - level smartphone.", "title": "IPhone 5C" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015.", "title": "IPhone 6" } ]	What was the release date of the iphone 6s plus, produced by the company that lost the lawsuit vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard?	September 25, 2015	[]	Title: IPhone 6S Passage: The iPhone 6S is powered by the Apple A9 system - on - chip, which the company stated is up to 70% faster than Apple A8, and has up to 90% better graphics performance. The iPhone 6S has 2 GB of RAM, more than any previous iPhone, and also supports LTE Advanced. The Touch ID sensor on the 6S was also updated, with the new version having improved fingerprint scanning performance over the previous version. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the eighth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 5S that were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly were themselves replaced as the flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017. Title: IPhone X Passage: iPhone X (``X ''pronounced`` ten'' / tɛn /) is a smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. The phone was released on November 3, 2017. This device marks the iPhone series' tenth anniversary, with ``X ''being the symbol for`` ten'' in Roman numerals. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 uses the Apple A10 Fusion 64 - bit system - on - chip, which consists of two low - power cores and two high - power cores (only two cores are used at any point in time). The A10 chip also features a hexa - core graphics chip capable of ``console - level gaming ''. As with prior models, iPhone 7 is available in two sizes: one with a 4.7 - inch screen, and a`` Plus'' variant with a 5.5 - inch screen. The displays have identical sizes and resolutions to iPhone 6S, but with a wider color gamut and increased brightness. The screen - to - body ratio is about ~ 66% and ~ 68% for the 7 and 7 Plus, respectively. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They will be succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017. Title: IOS 10 Passage: iOS 10 A version of the iOS operating system The default iOS 10 home screen on an iPhone 7 Developer Apple Inc. Source model Closed with open - source components Initial release September 13, 2016; 17 months ago (2016 - 09 - 13) Latest release 10.3. 3 (14G60) / July 19, 2017; 7 months ago (2017 - 07 - 19) Platforms iPhone iPhone 5 iPhone 5C iPhone 5S iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Plus iPhone 6S iPhone 6S Plus iPhone SE iPhone 7 iPhone 7 Plus iPod Touch iPod Touch (6th generation) iPad iPad (4th generation) iPad Air iPad Air 2 iPad (2017) iPad Mini 2 iPad Mini 3 iPad Mini 4 iPad Pro Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open - source components Preceded by iOS 9 Succeeded by iOS 11 Official website iOS 10 at the Wayback Machine (archived September 12, 2017) Support status Third - party application support only Title: IPhone 7 Passage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the upcoming iPhone X on November 3, 2017. Title: IPhone 7 Passage: On March 21, 2017, Apple announced an iPhone 7 with a red color finish (and white front), as part of its partnership with Product Red to highlight its AIDS fundraising campaign. It launched on March 24, 2017, but it was later discontinued after the announcement of the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus. Title: Macintosh Passage: In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years. Title: IPhone 6S Passage: iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus (stylized and marketed as iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus) are smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 9, 2015, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, with pre-orders beginning September 12 and official release on September 25, 2015. The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were succeeded by the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus in September 2016. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were officially unveiled during a press event at the Flint Center for Performing Arts in Cupertino, California on September 9, 2014 and released on September 19, 2014; pre-orders began on September 12, 2014, with the iPhone 6 starting at US $649 and the iPhone 6 Plus starting at US $749. In China, where the iPhone 5c and 5s were the first models in the iPhone series to be released in the country on the same day as their international launch, Apple notified local wireless carriers that it would be unable to release the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus on the 19th because there were ``details which are not ready ''; local media reported that the devices had not yet been approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and earlier in the year, a news report by state broadcaster China Central Television alleged that iPhone devices were a threat to national security because iOS 7's`` frequent locations'' function could expose ``state secrets. '' Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were moved to the midrange spot in Apple's iPhone lineup when the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in September 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued in most countries on September 7, 2016 when Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Their spot as the entry - level iPhone was replaced by the iPhone SE, which was released earlier on March 31, 2016. The iPhone 6 was relaunched with 32 GB of storage in Asian markets in February 2017 as a midrange / budget iPhone. It was later expanded to Europe, before hitting the US markets in May 2017, and Canada in July 2017. Title: IPhone 5C Passage: On March 18, 2014, an 8 GB version of the device was released in UK, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, Sweden and China. On September 9, 2014, Apple discontinued the iPhone 4S as part of its annual refresh of the iPhone lineup -- in which time the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were introduced -- thus making the iPhone 5C the entry - level model complimentary when a two - year contract is signed with a US carrier or $349 off - contract. The 16 & 32 GB versions of the iPhone 5C were also discontinued globally, replaced by the 8 GB model. However, some carriers in the US like AT&T kept the 16 GB and 32 GB models instead of having the 8 GB model, thus the 16 GB model was $0 (on - contract) and the 32 GB was priced between $50 -- $100 (on - contract). The 8 GB iPhone 5C succeeded the discontinued iPhone 4S as Apple's entry - level smartphone. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 inches (120 and 140 mm) displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi - Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications - based mobile payments offering. Title: IPod Passage: On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple. Title: Dell Passage: From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s. Title: IPhone 8 Passage: iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the higher - end iPhone X, at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus, and were released on September 22, 2017, succeeding iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Title: IPhone 6 Passage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. Title: Macintosh Passage: Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady, in comparison to Apple's sales of the iPhone and iPad which increased significantly during the 2010s, Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis, with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs. It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple, updated on a yearly schedule, and consistent across both Apple retail stores, and authorized resellers where they have a special "store within a store" section to distinguish them from Windows PCs. In contrast, Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings, selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell.	[ "Macintosh", "IPhone 6S" ]
2hop__103706_44224	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The education system features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education. Schools in the primary education system are divided into two categories: national primary schools, which teach in Malay, and vernacular schools, which teach in Chinese or Tamil. Secondary education is conducted for five years. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. Since the introduction of the matriculation programme in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges can enroll in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputera students.", "title": "Malaysia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kenya began a campaign for free primary education after independence in 1963. Since then, the system of education has undergone transformation twice. Before independence elementary education was based on the colonial system of education.", "title": "Education in Kenya" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kevin McLaughlin (born 20 September 1984) is a retired professional rugby union player from Ireland. He attended the primary school Kildare Place National School and was educated at secondary level at Gonzaga College.", "title": "Kevin McLaughlin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As an intervention programme, it started on 2010 and SSA has been operational since 2000 - 2001. However, its roots go back to 1993 - 1994, when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched, with an aim of achieving the objective of universal primary education. DPEP, over several phases, covered 272 districts in 18 states of the country. The expenditure on the programme was shared by the Central Government (85%) and the State Governments. The Central share was funded by a number of external agencies, including the World Bank, DFID and UNICEF. By 2001, more than US $1500 million had been committed to the programme, and 50 million children covered in its ambit. In an impact assessment of Phase I of DPEP, the authors concluded that its net impact on minority children was impressive, while there was little evidence of any impact on the enrolment of girls. Nevertheless, they concluded that the investment in DPEP was not a waste, because it introduced a new approach to primary school interventions in India.", "title": "Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten \"provide[s] a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them.\"", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Abel Kirui (born 6 April 1982) is a long-distance runner from Kenya who competes in marathons. He had back-to-back wins in the World Championships Marathon in 2009 and 2011. He won in 2009 with a time of 2:06:54, then defended his title with a winning margin of two minutes and 28 seconds – the largest ever margin at the World Championship event. He won a silver medal in the 2012 Olympic marathon.", "title": "Abel Kirui" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.", "title": "Liberia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nowa Omoigui attended Corona primary school, St Saviors Primary School, and St Mary's Primary School, all in Lagos, Nigeria. For his secondary education, Nowa Omoigui Federal Government College, Warri, and King's College, Lagos. For his undergraduate education, he studied at the University of Ibadan where he graduated with an MBBS with distinction.", "title": "Nowa Omoigui" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grace Lutheran College (GLC), founded in 1978, is a co-educational, private high school based in Rothwell and Caboolture in Queensland, Australia. Grace Lutheran Primary School is located in Clontarf, approximately a 10-minute drive from the main Grace College Campus at Rothwell. The current Principal is David Radke, who took up the post in 2017 after the school's second Principal, Ruth Butler, retired. The college's enrolment at the start of the 2011 school year was over 1800.", "title": "Grace Lutheran College" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tollcross Primary School (Scottish Gaelic: Bunsgoil Crois na Cìse) is a mixed non-denominational primary school on Fountainbridge near Tollcross in Edinburgh, which offered the only Gaelic medium primary education in Edinburgh and the Lothians until this medium got its own facility called Bun-sgoil Taobh na Pàirce situated at the old Bonnington primary building.", "title": "Tollcross Primary School" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré - maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section (``big form '') is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading.", "title": "Education in France" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Primary teeth start to form during the embryo phase of pregnancy. The development of primary teeth starts at the sixth week of tooth development as the dental lamina. This process starts at the midline and then spreads back into the posterior region. By the time the embryo is eight weeks old, there are ten buds on the upper and lower arches that will eventually become the primary (deciduous) dentition. These teeth will continue to form until they erupt in the mouth. In the primary dentition there are a total of twenty teeth: five per quadrant and ten per arch. The eruption of these teeth (``teething '') begins at the age of six months and continues until twenty - five to thirty - three months of age during the primary dentition period. Usually, the first teeth seen in the mouth are the mandibular centrals and the last are the maxillary second molars.", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17.", "title": "Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, Abel's theorem for power series relates a limit of a power series to the sum of its coefficients. It is named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.", "title": "Abel's theorem" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2012 the Grand National Assembly passed new legislation on primary and secondary education usually termed as ``4 + 4 + 4 ''(4 years primary education, first level, 4 years primary education, second level and 4 years secondary education). Children will begin their primary education in the first month of September following their sixth birthdays and will come to a close during the school year in which students turn 14 years old.", "title": "Education in Turkey" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located approximately 4 billion light-years away from the Earth (at redshift \"z\" = 0.375), in the constellation Cetus. Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies. It was catalogued by George Abell, and is the most distant of the clusters he catalogued.", "title": "Abell 370" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "'The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act' or 'Right to Education Act also known as RTE', is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17", "title": "Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The education system in Mauritius consists of pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The education structure consists of two to three years of pre-primary school, six years of primary schooling leading to the Primary School Achievement Certificate, five years of secondary education leading to the School Certificate, and two years of higher secondary ending with the Higher School Certificate. Secondary schools have \"college\" as part of their title. The government of Mauritius provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary level. In 2013 government expenditure on education was estimated at about Rs 13,584 million, representing 13% of total expenditure. As of January 2017, the government has introduced changes to the education system with the Nine-Year Continuous Basic Education programme, which abolished the Certificate of Primary Education (CPE).The O-Level and A-Level examinations are carried out by the University of Cambridge through University of Cambridge International Examinations. The tertiary education sector includes universities and other technical institutions in Mauritius. The country's two main public universities are the University of Mauritius and the University of Technology.", "title": "Mauritius" } ]	When did free primary education start in the country where Abel Kirui is from?	1963	[]	Title: Nowa Omoigui Passage: Nowa Omoigui attended Corona primary school, St Saviors Primary School, and St Mary's Primary School, all in Lagos, Nigeria. For his secondary education, Nowa Omoigui Federal Government College, Warri, and King's College, Lagos. For his undergraduate education, he studied at the University of Ibadan where he graduated with an MBBS with distinction. Title: Deciduous teeth Passage: Primary teeth start to form during the embryo phase of pregnancy. The development of primary teeth starts at the sixth week of tooth development as the dental lamina. This process starts at the midline and then spreads back into the posterior region. By the time the embryo is eight weeks old, there are ten buds on the upper and lower arches that will eventually become the primary (deciduous) dentition. These teeth will continue to form until they erupt in the mouth. In the primary dentition there are a total of twenty teeth: five per quadrant and ten per arch. The eruption of these teeth (``teething '') begins at the age of six months and continues until twenty - five to thirty - three months of age during the primary dentition period. Usually, the first teeth seen in the mouth are the mandibular centrals and the last are the maxillary second molars. Title: Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 Passage: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17. Title: Abell 370 Passage: Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located approximately 4 billion light-years away from the Earth (at redshift "z" = 0.375), in the constellation Cetus. Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies. It was catalogued by George Abell, and is the most distant of the clusters he catalogued. Title: Abel's theorem Passage: In mathematics, Abel's theorem for power series relates a limit of a power series to the sum of its coefficients. It is named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel. Title: Abel Kirui Passage: Abel Kirui (born 6 April 1982) is a long-distance runner from Kenya who competes in marathons. He had back-to-back wins in the World Championships Marathon in 2009 and 2011. He won in 2009 with a time of 2:06:54, then defended his title with a winning margin of two minutes and 28 seconds – the largest ever margin at the World Championship event. He won a silver medal in the 2012 Olympic marathon. Title: Tollcross Primary School Passage: Tollcross Primary School (Scottish Gaelic: Bunsgoil Crois na Cìse) is a mixed non-denominational primary school on Fountainbridge near Tollcross in Edinburgh, which offered the only Gaelic medium primary education in Edinburgh and the Lothians until this medium got its own facility called Bun-sgoil Taobh na Pàirce situated at the old Bonnington primary building. Title: Malaysia Passage: The education system features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education. Schools in the primary education system are divided into two categories: national primary schools, which teach in Malay, and vernacular schools, which teach in Chinese or Tamil. Secondary education is conducted for five years. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. Since the introduction of the matriculation programme in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges can enroll in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputera students. Title: Liberia Passage: In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers. Title: Grace Lutheran College Passage: Grace Lutheran College (GLC), founded in 1978, is a co-educational, private high school based in Rothwell and Caboolture in Queensland, Australia. Grace Lutheran Primary School is located in Clontarf, approximately a 10-minute drive from the main Grace College Campus at Rothwell. The current Principal is David Radke, who took up the post in 2017 after the school's second Principal, Ruth Butler, retired. The college's enrolment at the start of the 2011 school year was over 1800. Title: Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 Passage: 'The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act' or 'Right to Education Act also known as RTE', is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words' free and compulsory '.' Free education 'means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.' Compulsory education 'casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6 - 14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. 17 Title: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Passage: As an intervention programme, it started on 2010 and SSA has been operational since 2000 - 2001. However, its roots go back to 1993 - 1994, when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched, with an aim of achieving the objective of universal primary education. DPEP, over several phases, covered 272 districts in 18 states of the country. The expenditure on the programme was shared by the Central Government (85%) and the State Governments. The Central share was funded by a number of external agencies, including the World Bank, DFID and UNICEF. By 2001, more than US $1500 million had been committed to the programme, and 50 million children covered in its ambit. In an impact assessment of Phase I of DPEP, the authors concluded that its net impact on minority children was impressive, while there was little evidence of any impact on the enrolment of girls. Nevertheless, they concluded that the investment in DPEP was not a waste, because it introduced a new approach to primary school interventions in India. Title: Education in Turkey Passage: In March 2012 the Grand National Assembly passed new legislation on primary and secondary education usually termed as ``4 + 4 + 4 ''(4 years primary education, first level, 4 years primary education, second level and 4 years secondary education). Children will begin their primary education in the first month of September following their sixth birthdays and will come to a close during the school year in which students turn 14 years old. Title: Mauritius Passage: The education system in Mauritius consists of pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The education structure consists of two to three years of pre-primary school, six years of primary schooling leading to the Primary School Achievement Certificate, five years of secondary education leading to the School Certificate, and two years of higher secondary ending with the Higher School Certificate. Secondary schools have "college" as part of their title. The government of Mauritius provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary level. In 2013 government expenditure on education was estimated at about Rs 13,584 million, representing 13% of total expenditure. As of January 2017, the government has introduced changes to the education system with the Nine-Year Continuous Basic Education programme, which abolished the Certificate of Primary Education (CPE).The O-Level and A-Level examinations are carried out by the University of Cambridge through University of Cambridge International Examinations. The tertiary education sector includes universities and other technical institutions in Mauritius. The country's two main public universities are the University of Mauritius and the University of Technology. Title: Kevin McLaughlin Passage: Kevin McLaughlin (born 20 September 1984) is a retired professional rugby union player from Ireland. He attended the primary school Kildare Place National School and was educated at secondary level at Gonzaga College. Title: Eswatini Passage: Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education. Title: Education in France Passage: Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré - maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section (``big form '') is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%). Title: Education in Kenya Passage: Kenya began a campaign for free primary education after independence in 1963. Since then, the system of education has undergone transformation twice. Before independence elementary education was based on the colonial system of education. Title: Education Passage: Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them."	[ "Education in Kenya", "Abel Kirui" ]
4hop1__709382_146811_31223_848913	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges.", "title": "Rajasthan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nevada (Spanish for ``snowy ''; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three - quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas -- Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the`` Silver State'' because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the ``Battle Born State '', because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words`` Battle Born'' also appear on the state flag); as the ``Sagebrush State '', for the native plant of the same name; and as the`` Sage - hen State''. Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.", "title": "Nevada" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "West Bengal (/ bɛnˈɡɔːl /; Bengali: Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal. With over 91 million inhabitants (as of 2011), it is India's fourth-most populous state. It has an area of 88,752 km (34,267 sq mi). A part of the ethno - linguistic Bengal region, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (Calcutta), the seventh - largest city in India. As for geography, West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region, and the coastal Sundarbans. The main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority.", "title": "West Bengal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rocklea is a large suburb of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. The suburb is located 9 kilometres south of the city. The west of the suburb is bordered by the Oxley Creek. The suburb's name is derived from the Rocky Waterholes in the area.", "title": "Rocklea, Queensland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Hello Love\" is a 1974 single by Hank Snow. \"Hello Love\" was Snow's seventh and final number one on the U.S. country singles chart, and his first number one in twelve years. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of ten weeks on the chart.", "title": "Hello Love (song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arazi Tari is a village in Pindra Tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Arazi Tari falls under Sarvipur gram panchayat. The village is about 40 kilometers North-West of Varanasi city, 274 kilometers South-East of state capital Lucknow and 789 kilometers South-East of the national capital Delhi.", "title": "Arazi Tari" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.", "title": "Mississippi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fred Smith (born March 27, 1942 in Raleigh, NC) is a North Carolina politician who served in the North Carolina Senate and ran for Governor of North Carolina in 2008.", "title": "Fred Smith (North Carolina politician)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannan District () is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China. It is the least-populous of Wuhan's districts, and is situated on the northern (left) bank of the Yangtze River. It borders the districts of Caidian to the north and Jiangxia to the east across the Yangtze, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Xianning and Jingzhou (for a sliver) to the south; it also borders the directly administered county-level city of Xiantao to the west.", "title": "Hannan District" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the intersection of Interstate 10 and the East Loop of Interstate 610. Jacinto City is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is bordered by the cities of Houston and Galena Park. The population was 10,553 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Jacinto City, Texas" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital.", "title": "Florida" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piłatowszczyzna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gródek, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately north-east of Gródek and east of the regional capital Białystok.", "title": "Piłatowszczyzna" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time for Loving (released in Italy as Sapore di mare) is a 1983 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Vanzina. It obtained a great commercial success and launched a short-living subgenre of revival-nostalgic comedy films. It also generated a sequel, \"Sapore di mare 2 - Un anno dopo\". For her performance in this film Virna Lisi won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category.", "title": "Time for Loving" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cornell wrote ``Say Hello 2 Heaven ''as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose.", "title": "Say Hello 2 Heaven" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by area and the 10th least populous of the 50 states. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, ``Live Free or Die ''. The state's nickname,`` The Granite State'', refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "title": "New Hampshire" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santo Antônio das Missões (Portuguese meaning \"Saint Anthony of the missions\") is a municipality in the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 11,174 (2015 est.) in an area of 1710.87 km². Distance from the state capital of Porto Alegre is 534 km west and tens of kilometres east from the Argentine border but the municipality does not border since it is close.", "title": "Santo Antônio das Missões" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louisiana (, ) is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.", "title": "Louisiana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta in English, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city was a colonial city developed by the British East India Company and then by the British Empire. Kolkata was the capital of the British Indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Indian Empire. This was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused European philosophies with Indian tradition.", "title": "History of Kolkata" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and \"Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger\" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, \"Marriage Vow\" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, \"I'm Moving On\" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. \"I'm Moving On\" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1.", "title": "Hank Snow" } ]	What is the capitol of the state bordering the east of the state where Hello Love's performer lived when he died?	Raleigh, NC	[ "Raleigh" ]	Title: Florida Passage: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. Title: Rocklea, Queensland Passage: Rocklea is a large suburb of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. The suburb is located 9 kilometres south of the city. The west of the suburb is bordered by the Oxley Creek. The suburb's name is derived from the Rocky Waterholes in the area. Title: Rajasthan Passage: The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges. Title: Jacinto City, Texas Passage: Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the intersection of Interstate 10 and the East Loop of Interstate 610. Jacinto City is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is bordered by the cities of Houston and Galena Park. The population was 10,553 at the 2010 census. Title: West Bengal Passage: West Bengal (/ bɛnˈɡɔːl /; Bengali: Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal. With over 91 million inhabitants (as of 2011), it is India's fourth-most populous state. It has an area of 88,752 km (34,267 sq mi). A part of the ethno - linguistic Bengal region, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (Calcutta), the seventh - largest city in India. As for geography, West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region, and the coastal Sundarbans. The main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority. Title: Santo Antônio das Missões Passage: Santo Antônio das Missões (Portuguese meaning "Saint Anthony of the missions") is a municipality in the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 11,174 (2015 est.) in an area of 1710.87 km². Distance from the state capital of Porto Alegre is 534 km west and tens of kilometres east from the Argentine border but the municipality does not border since it is close. Title: Arazi Tari Passage: Arazi Tari is a village in Pindra Tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Arazi Tari falls under Sarvipur gram panchayat. The village is about 40 kilometers North-West of Varanasi city, 274 kilometers South-East of state capital Lucknow and 789 kilometers South-East of the national capital Delhi. Title: Hank Snow Passage: Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and "Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, "Marriage Vow" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, "I'm Moving On" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. "I'm Moving On" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1. Title: History of Kolkata Passage: Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta in English, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city was a colonial city developed by the British East India Company and then by the British Empire. Kolkata was the capital of the British Indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Indian Empire. This was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused European philosophies with Indian tradition. Title: Louisiana Passage: Louisiana (, ) is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans. Title: New Hampshire Passage: New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by area and the 10th least populous of the 50 states. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, ``Live Free or Die ''. The state's nickname,`` The Granite State'', refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries. Title: Say Hello 2 Heaven Passage: Cornell wrote ``Say Hello 2 Heaven ''as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose. Title: Nevada Passage: Nevada (Spanish for ``snowy ''; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three - quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas -- Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the`` Silver State'' because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the ``Battle Born State '', because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words`` Battle Born'' also appear on the state flag); as the ``Sagebrush State '', for the native plant of the same name; and as the`` Sage - hen State''. Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east. Title: Fred Smith (North Carolina politician) Passage: Fred Smith (born March 27, 1942 in Raleigh, NC) is a North Carolina politician who served in the North Carolina Senate and ran for Governor of North Carolina in 2008. Title: Hello Love (song) Passage: "Hello Love" is a 1974 single by Hank Snow. "Hello Love" was Snow's seventh and final number one on the U.S. country singles chart, and his first number one in twelve years. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of ten weeks on the chart. Title: Mississippi Passage: Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States. Title: Tennessee Passage: Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450. Title: Hannan District Passage: Hannan District () is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China. It is the least-populous of Wuhan's districts, and is situated on the northern (left) bank of the Yangtze River. It borders the districts of Caidian to the north and Jiangxia to the east across the Yangtze, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Xianning and Jingzhou (for a sliver) to the south; it also borders the directly administered county-level city of Xiantao to the west. Title: Piłatowszczyzna Passage: Piłatowszczyzna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gródek, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately north-east of Gródek and east of the regional capital Białystok. Title: Time for Loving Passage: Time for Loving (released in Italy as Sapore di mare) is a 1983 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Vanzina. It obtained a great commercial success and launched a short-living subgenre of revival-nostalgic comedy films. It also generated a sequel, "Sapore di mare 2 - Un anno dopo". For her performance in this film Virna Lisi won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category.	[ "Hello Love (song)", "Fred Smith (North Carolina politician)", "Tennessee", "Hank Snow" ]
3hop1__385993_284171_771594	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kuwait is a group of approximately 40 paintings made by Nabil Kanso in 1990-91 on the Gulf War and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The works in the series were first exhibited in Kuwait in March – April 1992 at the Free Atelier Art Center and traveled in June to Caracas for a special exhibit at the Palacio de Gobierno in honor of the Emir of Kuwait’s visit to Venezuela. Then, the exhibition proceeded to Geneva and was held at the Red Cross Museum in July – August 1992.", "title": "Kuwait (Kanso series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the UNESCO, the mountain is \"the most complete example of a sacred mountain anywhere in Central Asia, worshipped over several millennia\". The site is still a popular place for local Muslims, with stairs leading up to the highest peak where there stands a small mosque originally built by Babur in 1510. Much of the mosque was reconstructed in the late 20th century.", "title": "Sulayman Mountain" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mosque of the Martyrs (), also popularly known as the Turkish Mosque, is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan, near the Martyrs' Lane. The mosque was built in the beginning of the 1990s with assistance of the Turkish government. The mosque currently is used as an official residence of religious attaché of the Turkish embassy. The mosque has been under construction since 2009.", "title": "Mosque of the Martyrs" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinese Mosque, Rantau Panjang or Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque and Beijing Mosque (Malay: Masjid China, Rantau Panjang or Masjid Jubli Perak Sultan Ismail Petra and Masjid Beijing) is a Chinese-style mosque in Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The mosque resembles the 1,000-year-old Niujie Mosque in Beijing, China.", "title": "Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastructure of a mosque, which reveals the interconnectedness of religion and social life during this period. \"The mosques to which medreses were attached, dominated the social life in Ottoman cities.\" Social life was not dominated by religion only in the Muslim world of the Ottoman Empire; it was also quite similar to the social life of Europe during this period. As Goffman says: \"Just as mosques dominated social life for the Ottomans, churches and synagogues dominated life for the Christians and Jews as well.\" Hence, social life and the medrese were closely linked, since medreses taught many curricula, such as religion, which highly governed social life in terms of establishing orthodoxy. \"They tried moving their developing state toward Islamic orthodoxy.\" Overall, the fact that mosques contained medreses comes to show the relevance of education to religion in the sense that education took place within the framework of religion and religion established social life by trying to create a common religious orthodoxy. Hence, medreses were simply part of the social life of society as students came to learn the fundamentals of their societal values and beliefs.", "title": "Madrasa" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Şemsi Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Şemsi Pasha. The Mosque is one of the smallest to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier in Constantinople, however it is its miniature dimensions combined with its picturesque waterfront location which have made it one of the most attractive mosques in the city. The Mosque is a celebrated example of the chief architect's skill in organically blending architecture with the natural landscape.", "title": "Şemsi Pasha Mosque" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War I named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ Place in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule.", "title": "Place des Martyres (paintings)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Perlis State Mosque (Malay: \"Masjid Negeri Perlis\") is a mosque in Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. It is the state and royal mosque of Perlis.", "title": "Perlis State Mosque" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sima Qian was born at Xiayang in Zuopingyi (around present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) around 145, though some sources give his birth year as around 135. Around 136, his father, Sima Tan, received an appointment to the relatively low-ranking position of \"grand historian\" (\"tàishǐ\" , alt. \"grand scribe\" or \"grand astrologer\"). The grand historian's primary duty was to formulate the yearly calendar, identifying which days were ritually auspicious or inauspicious, and present it to the emperor prior to New Year's Day. Besides these duties, the grand historian was also to travel with the emperor for important rituals and to record the daily events both at the court and within the country. By his account, by the age of ten Sima was able to \"read the old writings\" and was considered to be a promising scholar. Sima grew up in a Confucian environment, and Sima always regarded his historical work as an act of Confucian filial piety to his father.", "title": "Sima Qian" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Piyale Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier and grand admiral Piyale Mehmed Pasha. The mosque was built between 1565 and 1573.", "title": "Piyale Pasha Mosque" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians.", "title": "Meskhenet" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque, (), is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood, Serencebey rise of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey. A late Ottoman period mosque, it is constructed as a külliye consisting of a tekke, guest house, türbe, fountain, and library in addition to the mosque.", "title": "Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Safa Giray died on 20 June 2011 in Ankara and was buried in Gölbaşı Cemetery following a state funeral in front of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and a funeral service at the Kocatepe Mosque.", "title": "Safa Giray" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Grand Mosque () is the largest and the official mosque in the country of Kuwait. Its area spans , out of which the building itself covers . The main prayer hall is wide on all sides, has teakwood doors, and has lighting provided by 144 windows.", "title": "Grand Mosque (Kuwait)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline.", "title": "Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third season of ABC Family drama television series Switched at Birth began on January 13, 2014, and will consist of 22 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Family, Pirates' Cove Entertainment, and Suzy B Productions, with Paul Stupin and series creator Lizzy Weiss serving as executive producers.", "title": "Switched at Birth (season 3)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Atiq Mosque (also called the Great Mosque, or al-Kabir mosque) () is a mosque in the oasis village of Awjila, in the Sahara desert of the Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya. The community dates back to classical times. Since being taken by the Arabs in the seventh century, Islam has always played a central role in the life of Awjila. The 12th-century mosque, the oldest in the region, has unusual conical domes made of mudbrick and limestone that provide light and ventilation.", "title": "Atiq Mosque, Awjila" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seif Palace (Arabic, قصر السيف) is a palace in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Located opposite the Grand Mosque, one of Seif Palace's best-known features is the watch tower, covered in blue tiles and with a roof plated in pure gold. Local materials such as clay, rocks, limestone, wood and metals were used in its construction.", "title": "Seif Palace" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" } ]	What is the birthplace of the creator of a set of paintings focusing on the country with the Grand Mosque?	Beirut	[]	Title: Grand Mosque (Kuwait) Passage: The Grand Mosque () is the largest and the official mosque in the country of Kuwait. Its area spans , out of which the building itself covers . The main prayer hall is wide on all sides, has teakwood doors, and has lighting provided by 144 windows. Title: Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque Passage: Chinese Mosque, Rantau Panjang or Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque and Beijing Mosque (Malay: Masjid China, Rantau Panjang or Masjid Jubli Perak Sultan Ismail Petra and Masjid Beijing) is a Chinese-style mosque in Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The mosque resembles the 1,000-year-old Niujie Mosque in Beijing, China. Title: Place des Martyres (paintings) Passage: Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War I named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ Place in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule. Title: Atiq Mosque, Awjila Passage: The Atiq Mosque (also called the Great Mosque, or al-Kabir mosque) () is a mosque in the oasis village of Awjila, in the Sahara desert of the Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya. The community dates back to classical times. Since being taken by the Arabs in the seventh century, Islam has always played a central role in the life of Awjila. The 12th-century mosque, the oldest in the region, has unusual conical domes made of mudbrick and limestone that provide light and ventilation. Title: Kuwait (Kanso series) Passage: Kuwait is a group of approximately 40 paintings made by Nabil Kanso in 1990-91 on the Gulf War and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The works in the series were first exhibited in Kuwait in March – April 1992 at the Free Atelier Art Center and traveled in June to Caracas for a special exhibit at the Palacio de Gobierno in honor of the Emir of Kuwait’s visit to Venezuela. Then, the exhibition proceeded to Geneva and was held at the Red Cross Museum in July – August 1992. Title: Sulayman Mountain Passage: According to the UNESCO, the mountain is "the most complete example of a sacred mountain anywhere in Central Asia, worshipped over several millennia". The site is still a popular place for local Muslims, with stairs leading up to the highest peak where there stands a small mosque originally built by Babur in 1510. Much of the mosque was reconstructed in the late 20th century. Title: Safa Giray Passage: Safa Giray died on 20 June 2011 in Ankara and was buried in Gölbaşı Cemetery following a state funeral in front of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and a funeral service at the Kocatepe Mosque. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country. Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Piyale Pasha Mosque Passage: The Piyale Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier and grand admiral Piyale Mehmed Pasha. The mosque was built between 1565 and 1573. Title: Seif Palace Passage: Seif Palace (Arabic, قصر السيف) is a palace in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Located opposite the Grand Mosque, one of Seif Palace's best-known features is the watch tower, covered in blue tiles and with a roof plated in pure gold. Local materials such as clay, rocks, limestone, wood and metals were used in its construction. Title: Mosque of the Martyrs Passage: The Mosque of the Martyrs (), also popularly known as the Turkish Mosque, is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan, near the Martyrs' Lane. The mosque was built in the beginning of the 1990s with assistance of the Turkish government. The mosque currently is used as an official residence of religious attaché of the Turkish embassy. The mosque has been under construction since 2009. Title: Madrasa Passage: As with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastructure of a mosque, which reveals the interconnectedness of religion and social life during this period. "The mosques to which medreses were attached, dominated the social life in Ottoman cities." Social life was not dominated by religion only in the Muslim world of the Ottoman Empire; it was also quite similar to the social life of Europe during this period. As Goffman says: "Just as mosques dominated social life for the Ottomans, churches and synagogues dominated life for the Christians and Jews as well." Hence, social life and the medrese were closely linked, since medreses taught many curricula, such as religion, which highly governed social life in terms of establishing orthodoxy. "They tried moving their developing state toward Islamic orthodoxy." Overall, the fact that mosques contained medreses comes to show the relevance of education to religion in the sense that education took place within the framework of religion and religion established social life by trying to create a common religious orthodoxy. Hence, medreses were simply part of the social life of society as students came to learn the fundamentals of their societal values and beliefs. Title: Şemsi Pasha Mosque Passage: The Şemsi Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Şemsi Pasha. The Mosque is one of the smallest to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier in Constantinople, however it is its miniature dimensions combined with its picturesque waterfront location which have made it one of the most attractive mosques in the city. The Mosque is a celebrated example of the chief architect's skill in organically blending architecture with the natural landscape. Title: Switched at Birth (season 3) Passage: The third season of ABC Family drama television series Switched at Birth began on January 13, 2014, and will consist of 22 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Family, Pirates' Cove Entertainment, and Suzy B Productions, with Paul Stupin and series creator Lizzy Weiss serving as executive producers. Title: Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren) Passage: The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline. Title: Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque Passage: The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque, (), is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood, Serencebey rise of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey. A late Ottoman period mosque, it is constructed as a külliye consisting of a tekke, guest house, türbe, fountain, and library in addition to the mosque. Title: Perlis State Mosque Passage: The Perlis State Mosque (Malay: "Masjid Negeri Perlis") is a mosque in Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. It is the state and royal mosque of Perlis. Title: Meskhenet Passage: In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians. Title: Sima Qian Passage: Sima Qian was born at Xiayang in Zuopingyi (around present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) around 145, though some sources give his birth year as around 135. Around 136, his father, Sima Tan, received an appointment to the relatively low-ranking position of "grand historian" ("tàishǐ" , alt. "grand scribe" or "grand astrologer"). The grand historian's primary duty was to formulate the yearly calendar, identifying which days were ritually auspicious or inauspicious, and present it to the emperor prior to New Year's Day. Besides these duties, the grand historian was also to travel with the emperor for important rituals and to record the daily events both at the court and within the country. By his account, by the age of ten Sima was able to "read the old writings" and was considered to be a promising scholar. Sima grew up in a Confucian environment, and Sima always regarded his historical work as an act of Confucian filial piety to his father.	[ "Kuwait (Kanso series)", "Place des Martyres (paintings)", "Grand Mosque (Kuwait)" ]
2hop__652398_126711	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Deacon Blue are a Scottish pop rock band formed in Glasgow during 1985. The line-up of the band consists of vocalists Ricky Ross and Lorraine McIntosh, keyboard player James Prime and drummer Dougie Vipond. The band released their debut album, \"Raintown\", on 1 May 1987 in the United Kingdom and in the United States in February 1988. Their second album, \"When the World Knows Your Name\" (1989), topped the UK Albums Chart for two weeks, and included \"Real Gone Kid\" which became their first top ten single in the UK Singles Chart.", "title": "Deacon Blue" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Zerpa (born 1950 in Valencia, Venezuela), was a 20th-century Latin American painter. He moved to live in Milan in 1973 to study printmaking and photography at the Scuola Cova, and design with Bruno Munari at the Instituto Politécnico. Zerpa was a self-taught painter, by 1974 he was creating installations and performance pieces. He returned to Venezuela in 1980, but spent two years in New York: (1982 to 1984). By 1984 he ceased performing and concentrated on making objects. His work is in many ways autobiographical. It recalls department store displays cases which serve as stages for his homages to the past.", "title": "Carlos Zerpa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Fighter's Blues () is a 2000 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Daniel Lee, produced by and starring Andy Lau. Lau, who displays profound emotions as a kickboxer who persistently pursues dignity and honorary value in the film, was awarded the Golden Bauhinia Awards for Best Actor for his performance. Released on 21 December 2000, \"A Fighter's Blues\" is Lau's 100th film role.", "title": "A Fighter's Blues" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors. It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015–16.", "title": "Plymouth" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coat of arms of Nigeria has a black shield with two white lines that form in a ``Y ''shape. The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two horses or chargers on each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, while the green and white bands on the top of the shield represent the rich soil.", "title": "Coat of arms of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2007 MacArthur Park rallies were two May Day rallies demanding dignity, respect, and amnesty for undocumented immigrants which occurred on May 1, 2007, at MacArthur Park, in Los Angeles.", "title": "2007 MacArthur Park rallies" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1971 Staller completed a Bachelor Degree in Architecture at the University of Michigan. Toward the end of his tenure at the University of Michigan, Staller began to create sculptures and performance arts. Merce Cunningham and John Cage had performed at the university at that time and praised artwork that Staller had created. They were the first professional performers to make Staller realize that he was truly an artist. In the fall of 1971, Staller moved to New York City and lived there until 1991. He had purchased an 1829-vingtage Lutheran Church, located in Lyons, PA. Staller used and renovated the church as a weekend retreat until 1991, then decided to move out of New York to live full-time in Lyons, PA.", "title": "Eric Staller" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lindenwood Cemetery is a cemetery operated by Dignity Memorial in Fort Wayne, Indiana, established in 1859. With over 69,000 graves and covering , it is one of the largest cemeteries in Indiana.", "title": "Lindenwood Cemetery" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS or the Academy) for the best films and achievements of the previous year. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films. An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters' performances are created using a frame - by - frame technique, a significant number of the major characters are animated, and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first awarded in 2002 for films made in 2001.", "title": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus was awarded in 1969 (as Best Contemporary Pop Performance, Chorus) and in 1970. In some years, the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal also included performances by a chorus.", "title": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lenka Pichlíková – Burke (born July 28, 1954 at Prague) is an American actress of Czech descent, the seventh generation of her family to appear onstage since the 18th century. Her great-uncle was the noted national actor, Ladislav Pešek. While in Czechoslovakia, she performed on stage in many theatres, played in twelve films, and created over 40 television roles, rising to the rank of Advanced Master Artist. In addition to performing as a speaking actress, she was also involved professionally in classic pantomime. Since the 1980s she has resided in the United States. In the United States, she has performed onstage in speaking roles as well as in pantomime productions for more than 25 years. Since 1988, she has been a member of the Actors' Equity Association, the union which represents professional actors. In 2006 she was named the \"Best Mime\" of Fairfield County, Connecticut. She teaches performing arts, dramatic literature, and cultural history, and translates plays.", "title": "Lenka Pichlíková-Burke" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Stranger\" is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for her fourth studio album, \"Dignity\" (2007). It was written by Duff and Kara DioGuardi with the song's producers Vada Nobles, Derrick Harvin, and Julius \"Logic\" Diaz.", "title": "Stranger (Hilary Duff song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him. The clergy and people were determined to have him as their bishop, Patriarch of Alexandria, and refused to accept any excuses. He at length consented to accept a responsibility that he sought in vain to escape, and was consecrated in 326, when he was about thirty years of age.", "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best breakthrough performance of the year.", "title": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen () (1308 - 1330) was a Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (\"Dishi\") at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. He belonged to the abbot family Khon of Sakya which had a precedence position in Tibet in this era. He held the dignity from 1327 to 1330.", "title": "Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston Public is an American drama television series created by David E. Kelley and broadcast on Fox. Set in Boston, the series centers on Winslow High School, a fictional public high school in the Boston Public Schools district. It features a large ensemble cast and focuses on the work and private lives of the various teachers, students, and administrators at the school. It aired from October 2000 to January 2004. Its slogan was \"Every day is a fight. For respect. For dignity. For sanity.\"", "title": "Boston Public" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Luis Sampedro Sáez (Barcelona, 1 February 1917 – Madrid, 8 April 2013) was a Spanish economist and writer who advocated an economy \"more humane, more caring, able to help develop the dignity of peoples\".", "title": "José Luis Sampedro" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Jung-nan (born Kim Hyun-ah on July 16, 1971) is a South Korean actress. Kim made her acting debut in 1991, but received a new surge of popularity after starring in \"A Gentleman's Dignity\" in 2012.", "title": "Kim Jung-nan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Dignity\" is a song by Deacon Blue, which was the band's first official release. It is one of their most popular songs and it is usually played as the final song at concerts.", "title": "Dignity (Deacon Blue song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Revue Arcadie\" remained in continuous publication until 1982 when the laws regarding homosexual conduct were changed to be identical with those relating to heterosexual behavior. Its emphasis on \"dignity\" and \"respectability\" led the \"Revue Arcadie\" to be increasingly out-of-step with the more revolutionary gay political organizations demanding civil rights for gay men and lesbians in France. Upon seeing that the review's message was no longer effective in creating social change and seeing more progressive organizations securing rights for homosexuals, the editors decided to cease publication.", "title": "Arcadie" } ]	In what year was the performer of Dignity founded?	1985	[]	Title: Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance Passage: The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best breakthrough performance of the year. Title: José Luis Sampedro Passage: José Luis Sampedro Sáez (Barcelona, 1 February 1917 – Madrid, 8 April 2013) was a Spanish economist and writer who advocated an economy "more humane, more caring, able to help develop the dignity of peoples". Title: Kim Jung-nan Passage: Kim Jung-nan (born Kim Hyun-ah on July 16, 1971) is a South Korean actress. Kim made her acting debut in 1991, but received a new surge of popularity after starring in "A Gentleman's Dignity" in 2012. Title: A Fighter's Blues Passage: A Fighter's Blues () is a 2000 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Daniel Lee, produced by and starring Andy Lau. Lau, who displays profound emotions as a kickboxer who persistently pursues dignity and honorary value in the film, was awarded the Golden Bauhinia Awards for Best Actor for his performance. Released on 21 December 2000, "A Fighter's Blues" is Lau's 100th film role. Title: Plymouth Passage: Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors. It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015–16. Title: Lindenwood Cemetery Passage: Lindenwood Cemetery is a cemetery operated by Dignity Memorial in Fort Wayne, Indiana, established in 1859. With over 69,000 graves and covering , it is one of the largest cemeteries in Indiana. Title: Deacon Blue Passage: Deacon Blue are a Scottish pop rock band formed in Glasgow during 1985. The line-up of the band consists of vocalists Ricky Ross and Lorraine McIntosh, keyboard player James Prime and drummer Dougie Vipond. The band released their debut album, "Raintown", on 1 May 1987 in the United Kingdom and in the United States in February 1988. Their second album, "When the World Knows Your Name" (1989), topped the UK Albums Chart for two weeks, and included "Real Gone Kid" which became their first top ten single in the UK Singles Chart. Title: Eric Staller Passage: 1971 Staller completed a Bachelor Degree in Architecture at the University of Michigan. Toward the end of his tenure at the University of Michigan, Staller began to create sculptures and performance arts. Merce Cunningham and John Cage had performed at the university at that time and praised artwork that Staller had created. They were the first professional performers to make Staller realize that he was truly an artist. In the fall of 1971, Staller moved to New York City and lived there until 1991. He had purchased an 1829-vingtage Lutheran Church, located in Lyons, PA. Staller used and renovated the church as a weekend retreat until 1991, then decided to move out of New York to live full-time in Lyons, PA. Title: Dignity (Deacon Blue song) Passage: "Dignity" is a song by Deacon Blue, which was the band's first official release. It is one of their most popular songs and it is usually played as the final song at concerts. Title: Lenka Pichlíková-Burke Passage: Lenka Pichlíková – Burke (born July 28, 1954 at Prague) is an American actress of Czech descent, the seventh generation of her family to appear onstage since the 18th century. Her great-uncle was the noted national actor, Ladislav Pešek. While in Czechoslovakia, she performed on stage in many theatres, played in twelve films, and created over 40 television roles, rising to the rank of Advanced Master Artist. In addition to performing as a speaking actress, she was also involved professionally in classic pantomime. Since the 1980s she has resided in the United States. In the United States, she has performed onstage in speaking roles as well as in pantomime productions for more than 25 years. Since 1988, she has been a member of the Actors' Equity Association, the union which represents professional actors. In 2006 she was named the "Best Mime" of Fairfield County, Connecticut. She teaches performing arts, dramatic literature, and cultural history, and translates plays. Title: 2007 MacArthur Park rallies Passage: The 2007 MacArthur Park rallies were two May Day rallies demanding dignity, respect, and amnesty for undocumented immigrants which occurred on May 1, 2007, at MacArthur Park, in Los Angeles. Title: Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Passage: The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS or the Academy) for the best films and achievements of the previous year. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films. An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters' performances are created using a frame - by - frame technique, a significant number of the major characters are animated, and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first awarded in 2002 for films made in 2001. Title: Boston Public Passage: Boston Public is an American drama television series created by David E. Kelley and broadcast on Fox. Set in Boston, the series centers on Winslow High School, a fictional public high school in the Boston Public Schools district. It features a large ensemble cast and focuses on the work and private lives of the various teachers, students, and administrators at the school. It aired from October 2000 to January 2004. Its slogan was "Every day is a fight. For respect. For dignity. For sanity." Title: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus Passage: The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus was awarded in 1969 (as Best Contemporary Pop Performance, Chorus) and in 1970. In some years, the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal also included performances by a chorus. Title: Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen Passage: Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen () (1308 - 1330) was a Tibetan Imperial Preceptor ("Dishi") at the court of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. He belonged to the abbot family Khon of Sakya which had a precedence position in Tibet in this era. He held the dignity from 1327 to 1330. Title: Carlos Zerpa Passage: Carlos Zerpa (born 1950 in Valencia, Venezuela), was a 20th-century Latin American painter. He moved to live in Milan in 1973 to study printmaking and photography at the Scuola Cova, and design with Bruno Munari at the Instituto Politécnico. Zerpa was a self-taught painter, by 1974 he was creating installations and performance pieces. He returned to Venezuela in 1980, but spent two years in New York: (1982 to 1984). By 1984 he ceased performing and concentrated on making objects. His work is in many ways autobiographical. It recalls department store displays cases which serve as stages for his homages to the past. Title: Coat of arms of Nigeria Passage: The coat of arms of Nigeria has a black shield with two white lines that form in a ``Y ''shape. The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two horses or chargers on each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, while the green and white bands on the top of the shield represent the rich soil. Title: Arcadie Passage: "Revue Arcadie" remained in continuous publication until 1982 when the laws regarding homosexual conduct were changed to be identical with those relating to heterosexual behavior. Its emphasis on "dignity" and "respectability" led the "Revue Arcadie" to be increasingly out-of-step with the more revolutionary gay political organizations demanding civil rights for gay men and lesbians in France. Upon seeing that the review's message was no longer effective in creating social change and seeing more progressive organizations securing rights for homosexuals, the editors decided to cease publication. Title: Athanasius of Alexandria Passage: T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him. The clergy and people were determined to have him as their bishop, Patriarch of Alexandria, and refused to accept any excuses. He at length consented to accept a responsibility that he sought in vain to escape, and was consecrated in 326, when he was about thirty years of age. Title: Stranger (Hilary Duff song) Passage: "Stranger" is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for her fourth studio album, "Dignity" (2007). It was written by Duff and Kara DioGuardi with the song's producers Vada Nobles, Derrick Harvin, and Julius "Logic" Diaz.	[ "Deacon Blue", "Dignity (Deacon Blue song)" ]
4hop1__783955_415728_50519_27168	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millicent (``Millie '') (Marie - Alise Recasner): Whitley's confidante and only friend for much of season one, involved in serious relationship with Ron, disappeared after season one (last name unrevealed).", "title": "List of A Different World characters" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Order of Myths is a 2008 documentary film directed by Margaret Brown. It focuses on the Mardi Gras celebrations in Mobile, Alabama, the oldest in the United States. It reveals the separate mystic societies established and maintained by black and white groups, and acknowledges the complex racial history of a city with a slaveholding past. While showing the mystic societies' ties to economic, class and racial stratification, the film also showed the beginnings of interaction between the black and white courts. It also tells some of the history of Africatown, a community formed north of Mobile in 1860 by Africans from Ghana, transported illegally as slaves to Mobile decades after the end of the slave trade.", "title": "The Order of Myths" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, Shaggy Rogers and Scooby - Doo are a team of teenage mystery solvers who live in the small town of Crystal Cove, the self - proclaimed ``Most Hauntedest Place on Earth ''. The allegedly`` cursed'' town's long history of strange disappearances and ghost and monster sightings form the basis for its thriving tourist industry; as such, the adults of the town (chief among them being Fred's father Mayor Fred Jones Sr. and Sheriff Bronson Stone) are not happy that the kids are debunking all the supernatural goings - on that bring in so much revenue as the overwrought schemes of charlatans and criminals.", "title": "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Untitled (The Birth) is a 1938 tempera painting by American artist Jacob Lawrence, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Depicting a scene of childbirth in flat, geometric forms and bright colors, it is very much a product of the Harlem Renaissance.", "title": "Untitled (The Birth)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mord mit Aussicht (Murder with a View) is a German satirical crime comedy television series, produced by Pro TV Produktion GmbH and broadcast on Das Erste, following the adventures of Sophie Haas (played by Caroline Peters), a detective from the city of Köln who takes a job in the fictional country village of Hengasch in district Liebernich, in the Eifel. Much of the humour of the series derives from the clichés of both city and provincial lives, in a similar manner to the English crime series Midsomer Murders, but the content is unlike that British programme.", "title": "Mord mit Aussicht" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturnian Mist is a black metal band that formed in 2006 at Kuopio, Finland by vocalist fra. Zetekh and guitarist fra. Chaoswind. Lyrically the band draws their inspiration from Occult, Mysticism, Philosophy and Satanism.", "title": "Saturnian Mist" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The expansion of the order produced changes. A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated. (See German mysticism, which has also been called \"Dominican mysticism.\") This movement was the prelude to the reforms undertaken, at the end of the century, by Raymond of Capua, and continued in the following century. It assumed remarkable proportions in the congregations of Lombardy and the Netherlands, and in the reforms of Savonarola in Florence.", "title": "Dominican Order" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Courtesans of Bombay is a 1983 British docudrama directed by Ismail Merchant. A collaboration by Merchant, James Ivory, and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. The film focuses on a Bombay compound known as Pavan Pool, where women aspiring to work in the entertainment industry dance for donations from a male audience by day and, it is broadly suggested although never specifically stated, work as prostitutes by night. It was broadcast by Channel 4 in the UK in January 1983 and went into limited theatrical release in the United States on 19 March 1986.", "title": "The Courtesans of Bombay" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The method of self-exertion or \"self-power\"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific \"other-power\" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (安樂), Pure Land (淨土) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chancellor Manuscript is a 1977 novel, by American writer Robert Ludlum, about the alleged secret files of J. Edgar Hoover and how they disappeared after his death, and how they possibly could be used to force people in high places to do the bidding of those who possessed the secrets contained therein. It also speculated that Hoover himself might have been assassinated because he knew too much about too many of the wrong people.", "title": "The Chancellor Manuscript" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mystic River Bascule Bridge is a bascule bridge spanning the Mystic River in Mystic, Connecticut in the United States. It carries vehicle and foot traffic directly into the tourist district of town via Main Street (U.S. Route 1).", "title": "Mystic River Bascule Bridge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mumbai Bombay Megacity Mumbai Top to bottom: Cuffe Parade skyline, the Gateway of India (L), Taj Mahal Palace Hotel (R), Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Bandra -- Worli Sea Link. Nickname (s): Bambai, Mumbai city, City of Seven Islands, City of Dreams, Gateway to India, Hollywood of India Mumbai Location of Mumbai in Maharashtra, India Mumbai Mumbai (India) Show map of Maharashtra Show map of India Show all Coordinates: 18 ° 58 ′ 30 ''N 72 ° 49 ′ 33'' E / 18.97500 ° N 72.82583 ° E / 18.97500; 72.82583 Coordinates: 18 ° 58 ′ 30 ''N 72 ° 49 ′ 33'' E / 18.97500 ° N 72.82583 ° E / 18.97500; 72.82583 Country India State Maharashtra District Mumbai City Mumbai Suburban First settled 1507 Named for Mumbadevi Government Type Mayor -- Council Body MCGM Mayor Vishwanath Mahadeshwar (Shiv Sena) Municipal commissioner Ajoy Mehta Area Megacity 603 km (233 sq mi) Metro 4,355 km (1,681.5 sq mi) Elevation 14 m (46 ft) Population (2011) Megacity 12,442,373 Rank 1st Density 21,000 / km (53,000 / sq mi) Metro 18,414,288 20,748,395 (Extended UA) Metro Rank 1st Demonym (s) Mumbaikar Time zone IST (UTC + 5: 30) PIN code (s) 400 001 to 400 107 Area code (s) + 91 - 22 Vehicle registration MH - 01 (South), MH - 02 (West), MH - 03 (Central), MH - 47 (North) GDP / PPP $368 billion (Metro area, 2015) Official language Marathi Website www.mcgm.gov.in", "title": "Mumbai" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ronald Inden writes that by the 8th century CE symbols of Hindu gods \"replaced the Buddha at the imperial centre and pinnacle of the cosmo-political system, the image or symbol of the Hindu god comes to be housed in a monumental temple and given increasingly elaborate imperial-style puja worship\". Although Buddhism did not disappear from India for several centuries after the eighth, royal proclivities for the cults of Vishnu and Shiva weakened Buddhism's position within the sociopolitical context and helped make possible its decline.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of the countries and regions of the United Kingdom was last measured by census in 2011. and the Census organisations have produced population estimates for subsequent years by updating the census results with estimates of births, deaths and migration in each year. The census results, and the annual population estimates, summarised below show that England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom and its population is therefore also presented by region.", "title": "Countries of the United Kingdom by population" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is one of relatively few films directed by Ismail Merchant, who is better known as the producer in the Merchant Ivory partnership, and addresses issues of Hindu subculture in Trinidad and Tobago.", "title": "The Mystic Masseur" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" } ]	By what century did Buddhism disappear from much of the birth country of The Mystic Masseur's producer?	eighth	[ "Eighth" ]	Title: Buddhism Passage: According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. Title: Dominican Order Passage: The expansion of the order produced changes. A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated. (See German mysticism, which has also been called "Dominican mysticism.") This movement was the prelude to the reforms undertaken, at the end of the century, by Raymond of Capua, and continued in the following century. It assumed remarkable proportions in the congregations of Lombardy and the Netherlands, and in the reforms of Savonarola in Florence. Title: Buddhism Passage: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra. Title: Christmas Passage: Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas. Title: Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated Passage: Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, Shaggy Rogers and Scooby - Doo are a team of teenage mystery solvers who live in the small town of Crystal Cove, the self - proclaimed ``Most Hauntedest Place on Earth ''. The allegedly`` cursed'' town's long history of strange disappearances and ghost and monster sightings form the basis for its thriving tourist industry; as such, the adults of the town (chief among them being Fred's father Mayor Fred Jones Sr. and Sheriff Bronson Stone) are not happy that the kids are debunking all the supernatural goings - on that bring in so much revenue as the overwrought schemes of charlatans and criminals. Title: Mumbai Passage: Mumbai Bombay Megacity Mumbai Top to bottom: Cuffe Parade skyline, the Gateway of India (L), Taj Mahal Palace Hotel (R), Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Bandra -- Worli Sea Link. Nickname (s): Bambai, Mumbai city, City of Seven Islands, City of Dreams, Gateway to India, Hollywood of India Mumbai Location of Mumbai in Maharashtra, India Mumbai Mumbai (India) Show map of Maharashtra Show map of India Show all Coordinates: 18 ° 58 ′ 30 ''N 72 ° 49 ′ 33'' E / 18.97500 ° N 72.82583 ° E / 18.97500; 72.82583 Coordinates: 18 ° 58 ′ 30 ''N 72 ° 49 ′ 33'' E / 18.97500 ° N 72.82583 ° E / 18.97500; 72.82583 Country India State Maharashtra District Mumbai City Mumbai Suburban First settled 1507 Named for Mumbadevi Government Type Mayor -- Council Body MCGM Mayor Vishwanath Mahadeshwar (Shiv Sena) Municipal commissioner Ajoy Mehta Area Megacity 603 km (233 sq mi) Metro 4,355 km (1,681.5 sq mi) Elevation 14 m (46 ft) Population (2011) Megacity 12,442,373 Rank 1st Density 21,000 / km (53,000 / sq mi) Metro 18,414,288 20,748,395 (Extended UA) Metro Rank 1st Demonym (s) Mumbaikar Time zone IST (UTC + 5: 30) PIN code (s) 400 001 to 400 107 Area code (s) + 91 - 22 Vehicle registration MH - 01 (South), MH - 02 (West), MH - 03 (Central), MH - 47 (North) GDP / PPP $368 billion (Metro area, 2015) Official language Marathi Website www.mcgm.gov.in Title: Untitled (The Birth) Passage: Untitled (The Birth) is a 1938 tempera painting by American artist Jacob Lawrence, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Depicting a scene of childbirth in flat, geometric forms and bright colors, it is very much a product of the Harlem Renaissance. Title: The Mystic Masseur Passage: It is one of relatively few films directed by Ismail Merchant, who is better known as the producer in the Merchant Ivory partnership, and addresses issues of Hindu subculture in Trinidad and Tobago. Title: Mystic River Bascule Bridge Passage: The Mystic River Bascule Bridge is a bascule bridge spanning the Mystic River in Mystic, Connecticut in the United States. It carries vehicle and foot traffic directly into the tourist district of town via Main Street (U.S. Route 1). Title: The Chancellor Manuscript Passage: The Chancellor Manuscript is a 1977 novel, by American writer Robert Ludlum, about the alleged secret files of J. Edgar Hoover and how they disappeared after his death, and how they possibly could be used to force people in high places to do the bidding of those who possessed the secrets contained therein. It also speculated that Hoover himself might have been assassinated because he knew too much about too many of the wrong people. Title: Buddhism Passage: The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (安樂), Pure Land (淨土) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name. Title: The Courtesans of Bombay Passage: The Courtesans of Bombay is a 1983 British docudrama directed by Ismail Merchant. A collaboration by Merchant, James Ivory, and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. The film focuses on a Bombay compound known as Pavan Pool, where women aspiring to work in the entertainment industry dance for donations from a male audience by day and, it is broadly suggested although never specifically stated, work as prostitutes by night. It was broadcast by Channel 4 in the UK in January 1983 and went into limited theatrical release in the United States on 19 March 1986. Title: Buddhism Passage: Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. Title: Mord mit Aussicht Passage: Mord mit Aussicht (Murder with a View) is a German satirical crime comedy television series, produced by Pro TV Produktion GmbH and broadcast on Das Erste, following the adventures of Sophie Haas (played by Caroline Peters), a detective from the city of Köln who takes a job in the fictional country village of Hengasch in district Liebernich, in the Eifel. Much of the humour of the series derives from the clichés of both city and provincial lives, in a similar manner to the English crime series Midsomer Murders, but the content is unlike that British programme. Title: Countries of the United Kingdom by population Passage: The population of the countries and regions of the United Kingdom was last measured by census in 2011. and the Census organisations have produced population estimates for subsequent years by updating the census results with estimates of births, deaths and migration in each year. The census results, and the annual population estimates, summarised below show that England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom and its population is therefore also presented by region. Title: Saturnian Mist Passage: Saturnian Mist is a black metal band that formed in 2006 at Kuopio, Finland by vocalist fra. Zetekh and guitarist fra. Chaoswind. Lyrically the band draws their inspiration from Occult, Mysticism, Philosophy and Satanism. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country. Title: History of India Passage: Ronald Inden writes that by the 8th century CE symbols of Hindu gods "replaced the Buddha at the imperial centre and pinnacle of the cosmo-political system, the image or symbol of the Hindu god comes to be housed in a monumental temple and given increasingly elaborate imperial-style puja worship". Although Buddhism did not disappear from India for several centuries after the eighth, royal proclivities for the cults of Vishnu and Shiva weakened Buddhism's position within the sociopolitical context and helped make possible its decline. Title: The Order of Myths Passage: The Order of Myths is a 2008 documentary film directed by Margaret Brown. It focuses on the Mardi Gras celebrations in Mobile, Alabama, the oldest in the United States. It reveals the separate mystic societies established and maintained by black and white groups, and acknowledges the complex racial history of a city with a slaveholding past. While showing the mystic societies' ties to economic, class and racial stratification, the film also showed the beginnings of interaction between the black and white courts. It also tells some of the history of Africatown, a community formed north of Mobile in 1860 by Africans from Ghana, transported illegally as slaves to Mobile decades after the end of the slave trade. Title: List of A Different World characters Passage: Millicent (``Millie '') (Marie - Alise Recasner): Whitley's confidante and only friend for much of season one, involved in serious relationship with Ron, disappeared after season one (last name unrevealed).	[ "The Courtesans of Bombay", "Mumbai", "History of India", "The Mystic Masseur" ]
3hop1__397785_35178_686699	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Golestān Province (Persian: استان گلستان‎, Ostān-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Gorgan.", "title": "Golestan Province" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qaleh Ganj County () is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Qaleh Ganj. It was separated from Kahnuj County in 2005. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 69,008, in 14,649 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District (محمد آباد) and Chah Dadkhoda District. The county has one city: Qaleh Ganj.", "title": "Qaleh Ganj County" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delhi Union territory and Megacity National Capital Territory of Delhi From top clockwise: Lotus temple, Humayun's Tomb, Connaught Place, Akshardham temple and India Gate Location of Delhi in India Coordinates: 28 ° 36 ′ 36 ''N 77 ° 13 ′ 48'' E / 28.61000 ° N 77.23000 ° E / 28.61000; 77.23000 Coordinates: 28 ° 36 ′ 36 ''N 77 ° 13 ′ 48'' E / 28.61000 ° N 77.23000 ° E / 28.61000; 77.23000 Country India Settled 6th century B.C. Incorporated 1857 Capital formation 1911 Formation of Union Territory 1956 Formation of NCT 1 February 1992 Capital New Delhi Districts 11 Government Body Government of Delhi Lt. Governor Anil Baijal, IAS Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia Chief Secretary Anshu Prakash, IAS Commissioner of Police Amulya Patnaik, IPS Area Union territory 1,484.0 km (573.0 sq mi) Water 18 km (6.9 sq mi) Area rank 31st Elevation 200 -- 250 m (650 -- 820 ft) Population (2011) Union territory 16,787,941 Density 11,312 / km (29,298 / sq mi) Urban 16,349,831 (2nd) Megacity 11,034,555 (2nd) Metro (2016) 26,454,000 (1st) Demonym (s) Delhiite Languages Official Hindi English Additional official Punjabi Urdu GDP Nominal (NCT) ₹6.86 lakh crore (US $100 billion) (2017 - 18) Nominal per capita ₹329,093 (US $4,800) (2017 - 18) Metro GDP / PPP $167 -- 370 billion Time zone IST (UTC + 5.30) Pincode (s) 1100XX Area code (s) + 91 11 ISO 3166 code IN - DL Website delhi.gov.in", "title": "Delhi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuscatlán is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of , it is El Salvador's smallest department. It is inhabited by over 252,000 people. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of the territory that is now El Salvador. In their language it means \"land of precious jewels\". It was created on 22 May 1835. Suchitoto was the first capital of the department but on 12 November 1861, Cojutepeque was made the capital. It is known in producing fruits, tobacco, sugar cane, and coffee among other items. The department is famous for its chorizos from the city of Cojutepeque.", "title": "Cuscatlán Department" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kushk-e Khaleseh-ye Bala (, also Romanized as Kūshk-e Khāleşeh-ye Bālā and Kūshk-e Khāleseh Bālā; also known as Kūshk-e Bālā) is a village in Lajran Rural District, in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 692, in 200 families.", "title": "Kushk-e Khaleseh-ye Bala" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.", "title": "Abuja" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ghadames or Ghadamis (Arabic: غدامس, Libyan vernacular: ġdāməs) was a district of Libya until 2007. Its territory is now part of Nalut District. It was in the northwest of the country with its capital at Ghadames.", "title": "Ghadames District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qeshlaq-e Qaleh Now-e Amlak (, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘eh Now-e Amlāk; also known as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘eh Now and Qeshlāq Qal‘eh) is a village in Ferunabad Rural District, in the Central District of Pakdasht County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 407, in 89 families.", "title": "Qeshlaq-e Qaleh Now-e Amlak" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first mosque built in New York City. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive, is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location.", "title": "Islamic Cultural Center of New York" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Now-e Khāleṣeh; also known as Qal‘eh Now, Qal‘eh Now-e Ghār, and Qal‘eh-ye Nowghār) is a village in Qaleh Now Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,718, in 1,195 families. The village is the seat of Qaleh Now District, established on 16 September 2012 and Qaleh Now Rural District.", "title": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bagong Silang Barangay Bagong Silang Coordinates: 14 ° 46 ′ 35 ''N 121 ° 2 ′ 42'' E / 14.77639 ° N 121.04500 ° E / 14.77639; 121.04500 Coordinates: 14 ° 46 ′ 35 ''N 121 ° 2 ′ 42'' E / 14.77639 ° N 121.04500 ° E / 14.77639; 121.04500 Country Philippines Region National Capital Region City Caloocan District 1st Legislative district of Caloocan Established 1971 Government Type Barangay Barangay Captain Joel Bacolod Population (2015) Total 246,515 Time zone PST (UTC + 8) Postal Code 1428 Area code (s) 02 - 8082722", "title": "Bagong Silang" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Meydan mosque is a historical mosque in Kashan, Iran. It is located in the southern side of the \"Sang-e Ghadimi square\" and beside the Bazaar of Kashan. It is one of the oldest structures in Kashan. The primary structure belonged possibly to the seljuq era, but it was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasions. Later it was rebuilt and repaired by \"Khaje Emad ed-Din\". A quotation for this matter is an inscription in the old mihrab, in which it is mentioned that it is built in 623 Hijri (1226 AD) by \"Hassan ebn-e Arabschah\" in Kashan. The mihrab was in its original place until the last century, but it is kept now in the Museum of Islamic art in Berlin.", "title": "Meydan Mosque, Kashan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meydan (, also Romanized as Meydān; also known as Meydān-e Mīsh Khāş) is a village in Mishkhas Rural District, in the Sivan District of Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 869, in 172 families. The village became the capital of Mishkhas Rural District after the creation of Sivan District and the assignment of Jafarabad, the previous capital of the rural district as the capital of the newly created district on March 9, 2013.", "title": "Meydan, Ilam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Torontál (, , , ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in northern Serbia (eastern Vojvodina, except the small part near Belgrade, which is part of Belgrade Region), western Romania and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Nagybecskerek (Serbian: , , ), the current Zrenjanin.", "title": "Torontál County" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.", "title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)" } ]	Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, in the capital of the country Meydan Mosque is located, is part of what district?	Qaleh Now Rural District	[]	Title: Bagong Silang Passage: Bagong Silang Barangay Bagong Silang Coordinates: 14 ° 46 ′ 35 ''N 121 ° 2 ′ 42'' E / 14.77639 ° N 121.04500 ° E / 14.77639; 121.04500 Coordinates: 14 ° 46 ′ 35 ''N 121 ° 2 ′ 42'' E / 14.77639 ° N 121.04500 ° E / 14.77639; 121.04500 Country Philippines Region National Capital Region City Caloocan District 1st Legislative district of Caloocan Established 1971 Government Type Barangay Barangay Captain Joel Bacolod Population (2015) Total 246,515 Time zone PST (UTC + 8) Postal Code 1428 Area code (s) 02 - 8082722 Title: Meydan, Ilam Passage: Meydan (, also Romanized as Meydān; also known as Meydān-e Mīsh Khāş) is a village in Mishkhas Rural District, in the Sivan District of Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 869, in 172 families. The village became the capital of Mishkhas Rural District after the creation of Sivan District and the assignment of Jafarabad, the previous capital of the rural district as the capital of the newly created district on March 9, 2013. Title: Abuja Passage: Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna. Title: Golestan Province Passage: Golestān Province (Persian: استان گلستان‎, Ostān-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Gorgan. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran Passage: Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Now-e Khāleṣeh; also known as Qal‘eh Now, Qal‘eh Now-e Ghār, and Qal‘eh-ye Nowghār) is a village in Qaleh Now Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,718, in 1,195 families. The village is the seat of Qaleh Now District, established on 16 September 2012 and Qaleh Now Rural District. Title: Meydan Mosque, Kashan Passage: The Meydan mosque is a historical mosque in Kashan, Iran. It is located in the southern side of the "Sang-e Ghadimi square" and beside the Bazaar of Kashan. It is one of the oldest structures in Kashan. The primary structure belonged possibly to the seljuq era, but it was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasions. Later it was rebuilt and repaired by "Khaje Emad ed-Din". A quotation for this matter is an inscription in the old mihrab, in which it is mentioned that it is built in 623 Hijri (1226 AD) by "Hassan ebn-e Arabschah" in Kashan. The mihrab was in its original place until the last century, but it is kept now in the Museum of Islamic art in Berlin. Title: Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former) Passage: Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok. Title: Iran Passage: Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world. Title: Ghadames District Passage: Ghadames or Ghadamis (Arabic: غدامس, Libyan vernacular: ġdāməs) was a district of Libya until 2007. Its territory is now part of Nalut District. It was in the northwest of the country with its capital at Ghadames. Title: Qaleh Ganj County Passage: Qaleh Ganj County () is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Qaleh Ganj. It was separated from Kahnuj County in 2005. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 69,008, in 14,649 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District (محمد آباد) and Chah Dadkhoda District. The county has one city: Qaleh Ganj. Title: Islamic Cultural Center of New York Passage: The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first mosque built in New York City. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive, is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location. Title: Olsztyn Voivodeship Passage: Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn. Title: Baranya County (former) Passage: Baranya (, , / "Baranja", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Cuscatlán Department Passage: Cuscatlán is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of , it is El Salvador's smallest department. It is inhabited by over 252,000 people. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of the territory that is now El Salvador. In their language it means "land of precious jewels". It was created on 22 May 1835. Suchitoto was the first capital of the department but on 12 November 1861, Cojutepeque was made the capital. It is known in producing fruits, tobacco, sugar cane, and coffee among other items. The department is famous for its chorizos from the city of Cojutepeque. Title: Kushk-e Khaleseh-ye Bala Passage: Kushk-e Khaleseh-ye Bala (, also Romanized as Kūshk-e Khāleşeh-ye Bālā and Kūshk-e Khāleseh Bālā; also known as Kūshk-e Bālā) is a village in Lajran Rural District, in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 692, in 200 families. Title: Qeshlaq-e Qaleh Now-e Amlak Passage: Qeshlaq-e Qaleh Now-e Amlak (, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘eh Now-e Amlāk; also known as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘eh Now and Qeshlāq Qal‘eh) is a village in Ferunabad Rural District, in the Central District of Pakdasht County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 407, in 89 families. Title: Torontál County Passage: Torontál (, , , ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in northern Serbia (eastern Vojvodina, except the small part near Belgrade, which is part of Belgrade Region), western Romania and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Nagybecskerek (Serbian: , , ), the current Zrenjanin. Title: Delhi Passage: Delhi Union territory and Megacity National Capital Territory of Delhi From top clockwise: Lotus temple, Humayun's Tomb, Connaught Place, Akshardham temple and India Gate Location of Delhi in India Coordinates: 28 ° 36 ′ 36 ''N 77 ° 13 ′ 48'' E / 28.61000 ° N 77.23000 ° E / 28.61000; 77.23000 Coordinates: 28 ° 36 ′ 36 ''N 77 ° 13 ′ 48'' E / 28.61000 ° N 77.23000 ° E / 28.61000; 77.23000 Country India Settled 6th century B.C. Incorporated 1857 Capital formation 1911 Formation of Union Territory 1956 Formation of NCT 1 February 1992 Capital New Delhi Districts 11 Government Body Government of Delhi Lt. Governor Anil Baijal, IAS Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia Chief Secretary Anshu Prakash, IAS Commissioner of Police Amulya Patnaik, IPS Area Union territory 1,484.0 km (573.0 sq mi) Water 18 km (6.9 sq mi) Area rank 31st Elevation 200 -- 250 m (650 -- 820 ft) Population (2011) Union territory 16,787,941 Density 11,312 / km (29,298 / sq mi) Urban 16,349,831 (2nd) Megacity 11,034,555 (2nd) Metro (2016) 26,454,000 (1st) Demonym (s) Delhiite Languages Official Hindi English Additional official Punjabi Urdu GDP Nominal (NCT) ₹6.86 lakh crore (US $100 billion) (2017 - 18) Nominal per capita ₹329,093 (US $4,800) (2017 - 18) Metro GDP / PPP $167 -- 370 billion Time zone IST (UTC + 5.30) Pincode (s) 1100XX Area code (s) + 91 11 ISO 3166 code IN - DL Website delhi.gov.in	[ "Iran", "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran", "Meydan Mosque, Kashan" ]
2hop__315691_124042	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of Stromboli took place on 8 January 1676 during the Franco-Dutch War between a French fleet of 20 ships under Abraham Duquesne and a combined fleet of 19 allied ships (18 Dutch and one Spanish ship) under Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter that lasted eight hours and ended inconclusively. The fleets fought again at the Battle of Augusta.", "title": "Battle of Stromboli" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ostrovno (French: \"Combat d'Ostrowno\") was a military engagement that took place on 25 July 1812, between French forces under the command of King of Naples Joachim Murat and Russian forces under General Ostermann-Tolstoy and ended with the Russian forces retreating from the battlefield.", "title": "Battle of Ostrovno" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Léopold Montagnier (date of birth unknown, died April 1943) was a Swiss fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Léopold Montagnier" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster and his Queen Margaret of Anjou on one side, and the army of Richard, Duke of York, the rival claimant to the throne, on the other.", "title": "Battle of Wakefield" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.", "title": "Battle of Manila Bay" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom.", "title": "Millennials" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lade was fought between the navy of Rhodes and the navy of Macedon. The battle took place in 201 BC and it was part of the Cretan War. The battle was fought off the shore of Asia Minor and the island of Lade, near Miletus. The battle ended in a crushing victory for the Macedonians and it nearly spelled the end for the Rhodians but the result of this battle caused the Romans to intervene and Rhodes was saved.", "title": "Battle of Lade (201 BC)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivan Toms (11 July 1952 – 25 March 2008) was a South African physician, who battled the Apartheid era government as a prominent anti-Apartheid and anti-conscription activist. At the time of his death in 2008, Toms was serving as the Director of Health for the city of Cape Town, South Africa.", "title": "Ivan Toms" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands.", "title": "Nikitaras" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date.", "title": "Peter Fliesteden" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bothwell Bridge, or Bothwell Brig, took place on 22 June 1679. It was fought between government troops and militant Presbyterian Covenanters, and signalled the end of their brief rebellion. The battle took place at the bridge over the River Clyde in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire near Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.", "title": "Battle of Bothwell Bridge" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Van Ness Mausoleum was designed by George Hadfield. It is said to be a copy of the Temple of Vesta in Rome.", "title": "Van Ness Mausoleum" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill and the Battle of Newport) took place on August 29, 1778. Continental Army and militia forces under the command of General John Sullivan had been besieging the British forces in Newport, Rhode Island, which is situated on Aquidneck Island, but they had finally abandoned their siege and were withdrawing to the northern part of the island. The British forces then sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and they attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces withdrew to the mainland and left Aquidneck Island in British hands.", "title": "Battle of Rhode Island" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tom Hadfield (born 1982 in Wakefield, England) created Soccernet, a sports Internet company, with his father, Greg Hadfield, when he was 12 years old. Soccernet was later sold to ESPN for $40 million when he was 17 years old. Two years later, he and his father were able to raise millions of dollars to launch the education website Schoolsnet.com. Tom Hadfield founded his latest site in 2009, AeroDesigns, Inc after graduating from Harvard University, and now acts as its Chief Executive Officer.", "title": "Tom Hadfield" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anawrahta was born Min Saw (, ) to King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu and Queen Myauk Pyinthe on 11 May 1044. The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles. Among the chronicles, scholarship usually accepts \"Zata's\" dates, which are considered to be the most accurate for the Pagan period. Scholarship's dates for Anawrahta's birth, death and reign dates are closest to \"Zata's\" dates.", "title": "Anawrahta" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Graus was a battle of the \"Reconquista\", traditionally said to have taken place on 8 May 1063. Antonio Ubieto Arteta, in his \"Historia de Aragón\", re-dated the battle to 1069. The late twelfth-century \"Chronica naierensis\" dates the encounter to 1070. Either in or as a result of the battle, Ramiro I of Aragon, one of the protagonists, died.", "title": "Battle of Graus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) led by Fritigern. The battle took place in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia (modern Edirne in European Turkey). It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens.", "title": "Battle of Adrianople" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fort Frontenac took place on August 26–28, 1758 during the Seven Years' War (referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States) between France and Great Britain. The location of the battle was Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post which is located at the site of present-day Kingston, Ontario, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario where it drains into the St. Lawrence River.", "title": "Battle of Fort Frontenac" } ]	What's the date for the end of the battle in Tom Hadfield's birth place?	30 December 1460	[]	Title: Battle of Ostrovno Passage: The Battle of Ostrovno (French: "Combat d'Ostrowno") was a military engagement that took place on 25 July 1812, between French forces under the command of King of Naples Joachim Murat and Russian forces under General Ostermann-Tolstoy and ended with the Russian forces retreating from the battlefield. Title: Millennials Passage: Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom. Title: Battle of Graus Passage: The Battle of Graus was a battle of the "Reconquista", traditionally said to have taken place on 8 May 1063. Antonio Ubieto Arteta, in his "Historia de Aragón", re-dated the battle to 1069. The late twelfth-century "Chronica naierensis" dates the encounter to 1070. Either in or as a result of the battle, Ramiro I of Aragon, one of the protagonists, died. Title: Battle of Manila Bay Passage: The Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history. Title: Anawrahta Passage: Anawrahta was born Min Saw (, ) to King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu and Queen Myauk Pyinthe on 11 May 1044. The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles. Among the chronicles, scholarship usually accepts "Zata's" dates, which are considered to be the most accurate for the Pagan period. Scholarship's dates for Anawrahta's birth, death and reign dates are closest to "Zata's" dates. Title: Battle of Rhode Island Passage: The Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill and the Battle of Newport) took place on August 29, 1778. Continental Army and militia forces under the command of General John Sullivan had been besieging the British forces in Newport, Rhode Island, which is situated on Aquidneck Island, but they had finally abandoned their siege and were withdrawing to the northern part of the island. The British forces then sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and they attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces withdrew to the mainland and left Aquidneck Island in British hands. Title: Battle of Wakefield Passage: The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster and his Queen Margaret of Anjou on one side, and the army of Richard, Duke of York, the rival claimant to the throne, on the other. Title: Nikitaras Passage: The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands. Title: Battle of Lade (201 BC) Passage: The Battle of Lade was fought between the navy of Rhodes and the navy of Macedon. The battle took place in 201 BC and it was part of the Cretan War. The battle was fought off the shore of Asia Minor and the island of Lade, near Miletus. The battle ended in a crushing victory for the Macedonians and it nearly spelled the end for the Rhodians but the result of this battle caused the Romans to intervene and Rhodes was saved. Title: Battle of Fort Frontenac Passage: The Battle of Fort Frontenac took place on August 26–28, 1758 during the Seven Years' War (referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States) between France and Great Britain. The location of the battle was Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post which is located at the site of present-day Kingston, Ontario, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario where it drains into the St. Lawrence River. Title: Battle of Bothwell Bridge Passage: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge, or Bothwell Brig, took place on 22 June 1679. It was fought between government troops and militant Presbyterian Covenanters, and signalled the end of their brief rebellion. The battle took place at the bridge over the River Clyde in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire near Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011. Title: Battle of Adrianople Passage: The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) led by Fritigern. The battle took place in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia (modern Edirne in European Turkey). It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens. Title: Peter Fliesteden Passage: Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date. Title: Tom Hadfield Passage: Tom Hadfield (born 1982 in Wakefield, England) created Soccernet, a sports Internet company, with his father, Greg Hadfield, when he was 12 years old. Soccernet was later sold to ESPN for $40 million when he was 17 years old. Two years later, he and his father were able to raise millions of dollars to launch the education website Schoolsnet.com. Tom Hadfield founded his latest site in 2009, AeroDesigns, Inc after graduating from Harvard University, and now acts as its Chief Executive Officer. Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Christmas Passage: Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas. Title: Battle of Stromboli Passage: The naval Battle of Stromboli took place on 8 January 1676 during the Franco-Dutch War between a French fleet of 20 ships under Abraham Duquesne and a combined fleet of 19 allied ships (18 Dutch and one Spanish ship) under Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter that lasted eight hours and ended inconclusively. The fleets fought again at the Battle of Augusta. Title: Van Ness Mausoleum Passage: The Van Ness Mausoleum was designed by George Hadfield. It is said to be a copy of the Temple of Vesta in Rome. Title: Ivan Toms Passage: Ivan Toms (11 July 1952 – 25 March 2008) was a South African physician, who battled the Apartheid era government as a prominent anti-Apartheid and anti-conscription activist. At the time of his death in 2008, Toms was serving as the Director of Health for the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Title: Léopold Montagnier Passage: Léopold Montagnier (date of birth unknown, died April 1943) was a Swiss fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.	[ "Battle of Wakefield", "Tom Hadfield" ]
2hop__483766_694982	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Violin is a 2011 Malayalam musical romance film directed by Sibi Malayil. It stars Asif Ali and Nithya Menon in the lead roles, and Vijayaraghavan, Nedumudi Venu, Sreejith Ravi, Chembil Asokan, Lakshmi Ramakrishnan and Reena Basheer in other major roles. The film is about two youngsters who are brought together by their fondness to music. A musical romance film by genre, it features music composed by Bijibal and a song composed by Bollywood composer Anand Raj Anand. Rafeeq Ahmed writes the lyrics while Manoj Pillai is the cinematographer. Sakhi Thomas was the costume designer for this movie. Having filmed the major parts from Fort Kochi, the film released on 1 July 2011.", "title": "Violin (2011 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giulio Romolo Caccini (also Giulio Romano) (8 October 1551 – buried 10 December 1618), was an Italian composer, teacher, singer, instrumentalist and writer of the very late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He was one of the founders of the genre of opera, and one of the most influential creators of the new Baroque style. He was also the father of the composer Francesca Caccini and the singer Settimia Caccini.", "title": "Giulio Caccini" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonn Serrie is an American composer of space music, a genre of ambient electronic music, and New Age music. He has recorded at least 18 albums and worked on projects for Lucasfilm, IMAX Corporation, NASA, the United States Navy, Hayden Planetarium, Expo Seville, and CNN.", "title": "Jonn Serrie" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miles Davis and Milt Jackson Quintet/Sextet, also known as Quintet/Sextet and sometimes also as Miles Davis and Milt Jackson and reissued as Miles Davis: Odyssey!, is an album which compiles recordings made for Prestige Records on August 5, 1955 by Miles Davis. Credited to \"Miles Davis and Milt Jackson\", this was an \"all-star\" session, and did not feature any of the members of Davis's working group of the time (Sonny Rollins, Red Garland, Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones). Jackie McLean only plays on his own compositions.", "title": "Quintet/Sextet" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hank Mobley with Donald Byrd and Lee Morgan (also known as Hank Mobley Sextet) is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley released on the Blue Note label in 1957 as BLP 1540. It was recorded on November 25, 1956 and features Mobley, Donald Byrd, Lee Morgan, Horace Silver, Paul Chambers and Charlie Persip.", "title": "Hank Mobley Sextet" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Colossus Developer (s) Bluepoint Games Publisher (s) Sony Interactive Entertainment Composer (s) Kow Otani Platform (s) PlayStation 4 Release NA: February 6, 2018 PAL: February 7, 2018 JP: February 8, 2018 Genre (s) Action - adventure Mode (s) Single - player", "title": "Shadow of the Colossus (2018 video game)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is the discography of Jim Steinman, an American record producer, composer and lyricist, responsible for several hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist, and singer. His work has included songs in the adult contemporary, rock and roll, dance, pop, musical theater, and film score genres.", "title": "Jim Steinman discography" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ricardo Cabrera Martínez (October 28, 1912 in Santa Tecla, La Libertad - 2007 in San Salvador) was a Salvadoran tenor, poet and diplomat. He is best remembered as a composer and tenor within the romance genre of Cuban and Mexican boleros. He sang on the song \"A Mi Bolivia\", composed by the musician Apolinar Camacho in 1944 in La Paz, Bolivia. A Doctor of Economics and Law, during the presidency of Colonel Arturo Armando Molina in 1975, he was appointed a Counsellor.", "title": "Ricardo Cabrera Martínez" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1999 The Association of Professional Composers (APC) and the Composers' Guild of Great Britain (CGGB) merged with the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors to provide a single, more powerful amalgamated organisation to represent its membership. The organization's current name was adopted in March, 2009. Sir Tim Rice was elected first president, and Guy Fletcher and David Stoll served as joint chairs of a nine-member Board of Directors. Three executive committees were established to administer Pop and Theatrical Music, Concert Music and Media. BASCA now has four genre committees representing Songwriters, Classical, Jazz and Media composers.", "title": "British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Native Sense - The New Duets is an album by vibraphonist Gary Burton and pianist Chick Corea released in 1997 on the Concord label. The album is the fourth studio recording by the duo following \"Crystal Silence\" (1972), \"Duet\" (1978) and \"Lyric Suite for Sextet\" (1982). The album peaked number 25 in the \"Billboard\" Top Jazz Albums chart.", "title": "Native Sense - The New Duets" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zane Banks (born 1986) is an Australian guitarist from Sydney, who plays both classical and electric guitars in a variety of musical genres. Banks premiered the 1-hour long solo electric guitar work, \"Ingwe\", by composer Georges Lentz.", "title": "Zane Banks" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked \"[w]hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?\" Citron \"examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works.\" She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers. In the \"...Concise Oxford History of Music, Clara Shumann [sic] is one of the only [sic] female composers mentioned.\" Abbey Philips states that \"[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts.\"", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shellac is an American post-hardcore band from Chicago, Illinois, composed of Steve Albini (guitar and vocals), Bob Weston (bass guitar and vocals) and Todd Trainer (drums and vocals) and formed in 1992. Their music genre has been classified as post-hardcore and noise rock but they describe themselves as a \"minimalist rock trio.\"", "title": "Shellac (band)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Appleyard, (26 August 1928 – 17 July 2013) was a British–Canadian jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and composer. He spent most of his life living and performing in the city of Toronto where for many years he was a popular performer in the city's nightclubs and hotels. He also played and recorded with many of the city's orchestras and been featured on Canadian television and radio programs. In the early 1970s he drew wide acclaim for his performances with Benny Goodman's jazz sextet with which he toured internationally. In 1992, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition of his being an \"internationally renowned vibraphonist [who] has represented the Canadian jazz community across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Australia\".", "title": "Peter Appleyard" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kari Kimmel is an American singer, songwriter, composer, and producer. She is best known for the theme track It's Not Just Make Believe for Ella Enchanted, the theme track Black for The Walking Dead trailer, and the theme track Where You Belong for The Fosters. Her music ranges across the genres of pop, rock, folk, and R&B.", "title": "Kari Kimmel" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sextet is a composition by Steve Reich. As the title indicates, it is written for an ensemble of six: four percussionists and two keyboardists. The percussionists play (at various times) three marimbas, two vibraphones, two bass drums, crotales, sticks, and tam-tam. Two percussionists double on piano during the opening \"Pulse\" section. The keyboardists play both pianos and synthesizers set to an electric organ sound. The piece was composed in 1984–1985 and is about 28 minutes in duration.", "title": "Sextet (Reich)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cave is a multimedia opera in three acts by Steve Reich to an English libretto by his wife Beryl Korot. It was first performed in 1993 in Vienna by the Steve Reich Ensemble, conducted by Paul Hillier. The title \"The Cave\" refers to The Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, where Abraham and Sarah (and several other major religious figures) are buried.", "title": "The Cave (opera)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miguel Martínez Domínguez (September 29, 1921 in Celaya, Guanajuato – December 6, 2014 in Mexico City) was a Mexican musician, composer and arranger of mariachi, pioneer in the use of trumpet in this genre.", "title": "Miguel Martínez Domínguez" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837).", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Dream a Little Dream of Me ''Song by Ozzie Nelson and His Orchestra Released 1931 Recorded February 16, 1931 Genre Vocal jazz pop Label Brunswick Composer (s) Fabian Andre Wilbur Schwandt Lyricist (s) Gus Kahn", "title": "Dream a Little Dream of Me" } ]	What was the genre of the Sextet composer?	opera	[ "Opera" ]	Title: Hank Mobley Sextet Passage: Hank Mobley with Donald Byrd and Lee Morgan (also known as Hank Mobley Sextet) is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley released on the Blue Note label in 1957 as BLP 1540. It was recorded on November 25, 1956 and features Mobley, Donald Byrd, Lee Morgan, Horace Silver, Paul Chambers and Charlie Persip. Title: Kari Kimmel Passage: Kari Kimmel is an American singer, songwriter, composer, and producer. She is best known for the theme track It's Not Just Make Believe for Ella Enchanted, the theme track Black for The Walking Dead trailer, and the theme track Where You Belong for The Fosters. Her music ranges across the genres of pop, rock, folk, and R&B. Title: Shadow of the Colossus (2018 video game) Passage: Shadow of the Colossus Developer (s) Bluepoint Games Publisher (s) Sony Interactive Entertainment Composer (s) Kow Otani Platform (s) PlayStation 4 Release NA: February 6, 2018 PAL: February 7, 2018 JP: February 8, 2018 Genre (s) Action - adventure Mode (s) Single - player Title: Giulio Caccini Passage: Giulio Romolo Caccini (also Giulio Romano) (8 October 1551 – buried 10 December 1618), was an Italian composer, teacher, singer, instrumentalist and writer of the very late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He was one of the founders of the genre of opera, and one of the most influential creators of the new Baroque style. He was also the father of the composer Francesca Caccini and the singer Settimia Caccini. Title: Native Sense - The New Duets Passage: Native Sense - The New Duets is an album by vibraphonist Gary Burton and pianist Chick Corea released in 1997 on the Concord label. The album is the fourth studio recording by the duo following "Crystal Silence" (1972), "Duet" (1978) and "Lyric Suite for Sextet" (1982). The album peaked number 25 in the "Billboard" Top Jazz Albums chart. Title: Miguel Martínez Domínguez Passage: Miguel Martínez Domínguez (September 29, 1921 in Celaya, Guanajuato – December 6, 2014 in Mexico City) was a Mexican musician, composer and arranger of mariachi, pioneer in the use of trumpet in this genre. Title: Violin (2011 film) Passage: Violin is a 2011 Malayalam musical romance film directed by Sibi Malayil. It stars Asif Ali and Nithya Menon in the lead roles, and Vijayaraghavan, Nedumudi Venu, Sreejith Ravi, Chembil Asokan, Lakshmi Ramakrishnan and Reena Basheer in other major roles. The film is about two youngsters who are brought together by their fondness to music. A musical romance film by genre, it features music composed by Bijibal and a song composed by Bollywood composer Anand Raj Anand. Rafeeq Ahmed writes the lyrics while Manoj Pillai is the cinematographer. Sakhi Thomas was the costume designer for this movie. Having filmed the major parts from Fort Kochi, the film released on 1 July 2011. Title: Zane Banks Passage: Zane Banks (born 1986) is an Australian guitarist from Sydney, who plays both classical and electric guitars in a variety of musical genres. Banks premiered the 1-hour long solo electric guitar work, "Ingwe", by composer Georges Lentz. Title: Ricardo Cabrera Martínez Passage: Ricardo Cabrera Martínez (October 28, 1912 in Santa Tecla, La Libertad - 2007 in San Salvador) was a Salvadoran tenor, poet and diplomat. He is best remembered as a composer and tenor within the romance genre of Cuban and Mexican boleros. He sang on the song "A Mi Bolivia", composed by the musician Apolinar Camacho in 1944 in La Paz, Bolivia. A Doctor of Economics and Law, during the presidency of Colonel Arturo Armando Molina in 1975, he was appointed a Counsellor. Title: Shellac (band) Passage: Shellac is an American post-hardcore band from Chicago, Illinois, composed of Steve Albini (guitar and vocals), Bob Weston (bass guitar and vocals) and Todd Trainer (drums and vocals) and formed in 1992. Their music genre has been classified as post-hardcore and noise rock but they describe themselves as a "minimalist rock trio." Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837). Title: The Cave (opera) Passage: The Cave is a multimedia opera in three acts by Steve Reich to an English libretto by his wife Beryl Korot. It was first performed in 1993 in Vienna by the Steve Reich Ensemble, conducted by Paul Hillier. The title "The Cave" refers to The Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, where Abraham and Sarah (and several other major religious figures) are buried. Title: Classical music Passage: Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked "[w]hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?" Citron "examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works." She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers. In the "...Concise Oxford History of Music, Clara Shumann [sic] is one of the only [sic] female composers mentioned." Abbey Philips states that "[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts." Title: Sextet (Reich) Passage: Sextet is a composition by Steve Reich. As the title indicates, it is written for an ensemble of six: four percussionists and two keyboardists. The percussionists play (at various times) three marimbas, two vibraphones, two bass drums, crotales, sticks, and tam-tam. Two percussionists double on piano during the opening "Pulse" section. The keyboardists play both pianos and synthesizers set to an electric organ sound. The piece was composed in 1984–1985 and is about 28 minutes in duration. Title: Quintet/Sextet Passage: Miles Davis and Milt Jackson Quintet/Sextet, also known as Quintet/Sextet and sometimes also as Miles Davis and Milt Jackson and reissued as Miles Davis: Odyssey!, is an album which compiles recordings made for Prestige Records on August 5, 1955 by Miles Davis. Credited to "Miles Davis and Milt Jackson", this was an "all-star" session, and did not feature any of the members of Davis's working group of the time (Sonny Rollins, Red Garland, Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones). Jackie McLean only plays on his own compositions. Title: British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors Passage: In 1999 The Association of Professional Composers (APC) and the Composers' Guild of Great Britain (CGGB) merged with the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors to provide a single, more powerful amalgamated organisation to represent its membership. The organization's current name was adopted in March, 2009. Sir Tim Rice was elected first president, and Guy Fletcher and David Stoll served as joint chairs of a nine-member Board of Directors. Three executive committees were established to administer Pop and Theatrical Music, Concert Music and Media. BASCA now has four genre committees representing Songwriters, Classical, Jazz and Media composers. Title: Jonn Serrie Passage: Jonn Serrie is an American composer of space music, a genre of ambient electronic music, and New Age music. He has recorded at least 18 albums and worked on projects for Lucasfilm, IMAX Corporation, NASA, the United States Navy, Hayden Planetarium, Expo Seville, and CNN. Title: Jim Steinman discography Passage: This is the discography of Jim Steinman, an American record producer, composer and lyricist, responsible for several hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist, and singer. His work has included songs in the adult contemporary, rock and roll, dance, pop, musical theater, and film score genres. Title: Peter Appleyard Passage: Peter Appleyard, (26 August 1928 – 17 July 2013) was a British–Canadian jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and composer. He spent most of his life living and performing in the city of Toronto where for many years he was a popular performer in the city's nightclubs and hotels. He also played and recorded with many of the city's orchestras and been featured on Canadian television and radio programs. In the early 1970s he drew wide acclaim for his performances with Benny Goodman's jazz sextet with which he toured internationally. In 1992, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition of his being an "internationally renowned vibraphonist [who] has represented the Canadian jazz community across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Australia". Title: Dream a Little Dream of Me Passage: ``Dream a Little Dream of Me ''Song by Ozzie Nelson and His Orchestra Released 1931 Recorded February 16, 1931 Genre Vocal jazz pop Label Brunswick Composer (s) Fabian Andre Wilbur Schwandt Lyricist (s) Gus Kahn	[ "Sextet (Reich)", "The Cave (opera)" ]
4hop1__405751_4520_65397_37154	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, bills to legalize lane splitting have been introduced in state legislatures around the US over the last twenty years but none had been enacted until California's legislature passed such a bill in August, 2016.", "title": "Lane splitting" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of the Interior and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.", "title": "United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donna Howard (born October 25, 1951) is a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives, representing the 48th District since her election in 2006. She currently serves as vice chairman of the House Administration Committee and also serves on the Appropriations Committee, the Higher Education Committee, and the Appropriations Sub-Committees on Article III and on Budget Transparency and Reform.", "title": "Donna Howard" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the United States of America is not a parliamentary democracy, the Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that all bills raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, consistent with British constitutional practice; by convention, appropriation bills (bills that spend money) also originate in the House. Unlike in most Westminster systems, there are no limits on the Senate's ability to amend revenue bills or any requirement for the Senate to approve such bills within a certain timeframe. Both appropriations and revenue bills are often referred to as money bills to contrast them with authorization bills. The U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Munoz - Flores (1990) held that: ``A law passed in violation of the Origination Clause would thus be no more immune from judicial scrutiny because it was passed by both Houses and signed by the President than would be a law passed in violation of the First Amendment ''.", "title": "Money bill" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives, whose members are elected to serve five-year terms, specialises in legislation. Elections were last held between November 2011 and January 2012 which was later dissolved. The next parliamentary election will be held within 6 months of the constitution's ratification on 18 January 2014. Originally, the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected, but interim president Adly Mansour pushed the date. The Egyptian presidential election, 2014, took place on 26–28 May 2014. Official figures showed a turnout of 25,578,233 or 47.5%, with Abdel Fattah el-Sisi winning with 23.78 million votes, or 96.91% compared to 757,511 (3.09%) for Hamdeen Sabahi.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foremost among the powers and duties of Parliament is the passing of bills. Either the upper house National Council, the lower house National Assembly, or the Attorney General may author bills to be passed as acts, with the exception of money and financial bills, which are the sole purview of the National Assembly. Legislation must be presented bicamerally, at times in joint sittings of the National Council and National Assembly, however bills may pass by default without vote when none is conducted before the close of the present session. When a bill has been introduced and passed by one house, it must present the bill to the other house within thirty days from the date of passing, and the bill may be passed during the next session of Parliament. In the case of budget bills and urgent matters, a bill must be passed in the same session of Parliament. Bills are ultimately subject to veto and modification by the King, however the King must assent to bills resubmitted after joint sitting and deliberation by the National Council and National Assembly.", "title": "Parliament of Bhutan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1980, Wilson read an Associated Press dispatch on the congressional wires describing the refugees fleeing Soviet-occupied Afghanistan. The communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan had taken over power during the Saur Revolution and asked the Soviet Union to help suppress resistance from the Mujahideen. According to biographer George Crile III, Wilson called the staff of the United States House Committee on Appropriations dealing with \"black appropriations\" and requested a two-fold appropriation increase for Afghanistan. Because Wilson had just been named to the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense (which is responsible for funding CIA operations), his request went through.", "title": "Charlie Wilson (Texas politician)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Best House in London is a 1969 British comedy film directed by Philip Saville and starring David Hemmings, Joanna Pettet, George Sanders, Warren Mitchell, John Bird, Maurice Denham and Bill Fraser.", "title": "The Best House in London" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty - Second Amendment) Bill, 2014 was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on 19 December 2014, and passed by the House on 6 May 2015. In the Rajya Sabha, the bill was referred to a Select Committee on 14 May 2015. The Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha submitted its report on the bill on 22 July 2015. The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 3 August 2016, and the amended bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 8 August 2016.", "title": "One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office \"with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,\" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The individual and pass - through tax cuts fade over time and become net tax increases starting in 2027 while the corporate tax cuts are permanent. This enabled the Senate to pass the bill with only 51 votes, without the need to defeat a filibuster, under the budget reconciliation process. The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017, though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House. The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that same day. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018 and will not affect 2017 taxes.", "title": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George R. Bliss served in the California legislature and during World War I he served in the United States Army. Assemblyman also introduced a bill to legalize the segregation of Mexican children, which was later defeated due the results of the Lemon Grove Incident.", "title": "George R. Bliss" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Finally achieving universal health coverage remained a top priority among Democrats, and passing a health reform bill was one of the Obama Administration's top priorities. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was similar to the Nixon and Clinton plans, mandating coverage, penalizing employers who failed to provide it, and creating mechanisms for people to pool risk and buy insurance collectively. Earlier versions of the bill included a publicly run insurer that could compete to cover those without employer sponsored coverage (the so - called public option), but this was ultimately stripped to secure the support of moderates. The bill passed the Senate in December 2009 with all Democrats voting in favor and the House in March 2010 with the support of most Democrats. Not a single Republican voted in favor of it either time.", "title": "Health insurance in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional nor federal legislative bill of rights to protect its citizens, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states. In 1973, Federal Attorney - General Lionel Murphy introduced a human rights Bill into parliament, although it was never passed. In 1984, Senator Stephen Bunce drafted a Bill of Rights, but it was never introduced into parliament, and in 1985, Senator Lionel Bowen introduced a bill of rights, which was passed by the House of Representatives, but failed to pass the Senate. Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has argued against a bill of rights for Australia on the grounds it would transfer power from elected politicians (populist politics) to unelected (constitutional) judges and bureaucrats. Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are the only states and territories to have a human rights Act. However, the principle of legality present in the Australian judicial system, seeks to ensure that legislation is interpreted so as not to interfere with basic human rights, unless legislation expressly intends to interfere.", "title": "Bill of rights" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treloar Copyright Bill was a revision of the United States copyright laws introduced February 13, 1896, in the first session of the 54th United States Congress as House of Representatives (H.R.) 5976 by Missouri 9th District Representative William M. Treloar. The bill was then extensively revised, and was later reintroduced as H.R. 8211.", "title": "Treloar Copyright Bill" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The bill was introduced on October 29, 2013 in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The House was scheduled to vote on it on January 10, 2014. On January 16th, 2014, the bill was passed. 226 Republicans and 33 Democrats have voted yes to the bill.", "title": "Exchange Information Disclosure Act" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement that all money bills originate in the lower house. Traditionally, though, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. House appropriations bills begin with ``H.R. '', meaning`` House of Representatives''. In reference to revenue bills, the Constitution also states that the ``Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. ''As with revenue bills, the Senate and House each drafts and considers its own appropriation bill. The Senate then`` cuts - and - pastes,'' substituting the language of its version of a particular appropriation bill for the language of the House bill, then agrees to the bill as amended.", "title": "Appropriation bill" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 30 October 2014, the Abbott Government introduced the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Bill 2014 into the House of Representatives. On 21 November 2014, the Attorney - General Senator George Brandis wrote to the PJCIS, referring the provisions of the Bill for inquiry.", "title": "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "David C. Vladeck (born June 6, 1951) is the former Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection of the Federal Trade Commission, an independent agency of the United States government. He was appointed by the Chairman of the FTC, Jon Leibowitz, on April 14, 2009, shortly after Leibowitz became Chairman.", "title": "David Vladeck" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: \"in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills.\" If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites \"in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament.", "title": "Royal assent" } ]	What terms do the house having the power to introduce appropriation bills of the US legislative body having over-sight of David Vladeck's employer serve?	five-year terms	[]	Title: David Vladeck Passage: David C. Vladeck (born June 6, 1951) is the former Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection of the Federal Trade Commission, an independent agency of the United States government. He was appointed by the Chairman of the FTC, Jon Leibowitz, on April 14, 2009, shortly after Leibowitz became Chairman. Title: Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015 Passage: On 30 October 2014, the Abbott Government introduced the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Bill 2014 into the House of Representatives. On 21 November 2014, the Attorney - General Senator George Brandis wrote to the PJCIS, referring the provisions of the Bill for inquiry. Title: Bill of rights Passage: Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional nor federal legislative bill of rights to protect its citizens, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states. In 1973, Federal Attorney - General Lionel Murphy introduced a human rights Bill into parliament, although it was never passed. In 1984, Senator Stephen Bunce drafted a Bill of Rights, but it was never introduced into parliament, and in 1985, Senator Lionel Bowen introduced a bill of rights, which was passed by the House of Representatives, but failed to pass the Senate. Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has argued against a bill of rights for Australia on the grounds it would transfer power from elected politicians (populist politics) to unelected (constitutional) judges and bureaucrats. Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are the only states and territories to have a human rights Act. However, the principle of legality present in the Australian judicial system, seeks to ensure that legislation is interpreted so as not to interfere with basic human rights, unless legislation expressly intends to interfere. Title: Egypt Passage: The House of Representatives, whose members are elected to serve five-year terms, specialises in legislation. Elections were last held between November 2011 and January 2012 which was later dissolved. The next parliamentary election will be held within 6 months of the constitution's ratification on 18 January 2014. Originally, the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected, but interim president Adly Mansour pushed the date. The Egyptian presidential election, 2014, took place on 26–28 May 2014. Official figures showed a turnout of 25,578,233 or 47.5%, with Abdel Fattah el-Sisi winning with 23.78 million votes, or 96.91% compared to 757,511 (3.09%) for Hamdeen Sabahi. Title: George R. Bliss Passage: George R. Bliss served in the California legislature and during World War I he served in the United States Army. Assemblyman also introduced a bill to legalize the segregation of Mexican children, which was later defeated due the results of the Lemon Grove Incident. Title: Health insurance in the United States Passage: Finally achieving universal health coverage remained a top priority among Democrats, and passing a health reform bill was one of the Obama Administration's top priorities. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was similar to the Nixon and Clinton plans, mandating coverage, penalizing employers who failed to provide it, and creating mechanisms for people to pool risk and buy insurance collectively. Earlier versions of the bill included a publicly run insurer that could compete to cover those without employer sponsored coverage (the so - called public option), but this was ultimately stripped to secure the support of moderates. The bill passed the Senate in December 2009 with all Democrats voting in favor and the House in March 2010 with the support of most Democrats. Not a single Republican voted in favor of it either time. Title: Appropriation bill Passage: According to the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement that all money bills originate in the lower house. Traditionally, though, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. House appropriations bills begin with ``H.R. '', meaning`` House of Representatives''. In reference to revenue bills, the Constitution also states that the ``Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. ''As with revenue bills, the Senate and House each drafts and considers its own appropriation bill. The Senate then`` cuts - and - pastes,'' substituting the language of its version of a particular appropriation bill for the language of the House bill, then agrees to the bill as amended. Title: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 Passage: The individual and pass - through tax cuts fade over time and become net tax increases starting in 2027 while the corporate tax cuts are permanent. This enabled the Senate to pass the bill with only 51 votes, without the need to defeat a filibuster, under the budget reconciliation process. The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017, though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House. The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that same day. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018 and will not affect 2017 taxes. Title: One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India Passage: The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty - Second Amendment) Bill, 2014 was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on 19 December 2014, and passed by the House on 6 May 2015. In the Rajya Sabha, the bill was referred to a Select Committee on 14 May 2015. The Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha submitted its report on the bill on 22 July 2015. The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 3 August 2016, and the amended bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 8 August 2016. Title: Lane splitting Passage: In the United States, bills to legalize lane splitting have been introduced in state legislatures around the US over the last twenty years but none had been enacted until California's legislature passed such a bill in August, 2016. Title: Royal assent Passage: The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills." If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament. Title: Parliament of Bhutan Passage: Foremost among the powers and duties of Parliament is the passing of bills. Either the upper house National Council, the lower house National Assembly, or the Attorney General may author bills to be passed as acts, with the exception of money and financial bills, which are the sole purview of the National Assembly. Legislation must be presented bicamerally, at times in joint sittings of the National Council and National Assembly, however bills may pass by default without vote when none is conducted before the close of the present session. When a bill has been introduced and passed by one house, it must present the bill to the other house within thirty days from the date of passing, and the bill may be passed during the next session of Parliament. In the case of budget bills and urgent matters, a bill must be passed in the same session of Parliament. Bills are ultimately subject to veto and modification by the King, however the King must assent to bills resubmitted after joint sitting and deliberation by the National Council and National Assembly. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight. Title: Charlie Wilson (Texas politician) Passage: In 1980, Wilson read an Associated Press dispatch on the congressional wires describing the refugees fleeing Soviet-occupied Afghanistan. The communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan had taken over power during the Saur Revolution and asked the Soviet Union to help suppress resistance from the Mujahideen. According to biographer George Crile III, Wilson called the staff of the United States House Committee on Appropriations dealing with "black appropriations" and requested a two-fold appropriation increase for Afghanistan. Because Wilson had just been named to the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense (which is responsible for funding CIA operations), his request went through. Title: Donna Howard Passage: Donna Howard (born October 25, 1951) is a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives, representing the 48th District since her election in 2006. She currently serves as vice chairman of the House Administration Committee and also serves on the Appropriations Committee, the Higher Education Committee, and the Appropriations Sub-Committees on Article III and on Budget Transparency and Reform. Title: Money bill Passage: While the United States of America is not a parliamentary democracy, the Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that all bills raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, consistent with British constitutional practice; by convention, appropriation bills (bills that spend money) also originate in the House. Unlike in most Westminster systems, there are no limits on the Senate's ability to amend revenue bills or any requirement for the Senate to approve such bills within a certain timeframe. Both appropriations and revenue bills are often referred to as money bills to contrast them with authorization bills. The U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Munoz - Flores (1990) held that: ``A law passed in violation of the Origination Clause would thus be no more immune from judicial scrutiny because it was passed by both Houses and signed by the President than would be a law passed in violation of the First Amendment ''. Title: United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Passage: The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of the Interior and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Title: The Best House in London Passage: The Best House in London is a 1969 British comedy film directed by Philip Saville and starring David Hemmings, Joanna Pettet, George Sanders, Warren Mitchell, John Bird, Maurice Denham and Bill Fraser. Title: Exchange Information Disclosure Act Passage: The bill was introduced on October 29, 2013 in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The House was scheduled to vote on it on January 10, 2014. On January 16th, 2014, the bill was passed. 226 Republicans and 33 Democrats have voted yes to the bill. Title: Treloar Copyright Bill Passage: The Treloar Copyright Bill was a revision of the United States copyright laws introduced February 13, 1896, in the first session of the 54th United States Congress as House of Representatives (H.R.) 5976 by Missouri 9th District Representative William M. Treloar. The bill was then extensively revised, and was later reintroduced as H.R. 8211.	[ "Egypt", "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "Appropriation bill", "David Vladeck" ]
3hop2__764770_107357_54023	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932.", "title": "Fast food restaurant" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom and Ireland business model is different from the U.S, in that fewer than 30 percent of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and management at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. In other countries, McDonald's restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald's Corporation and other, local entities or governments.", "title": "McDonald's" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lonestar began in 1992 as a band named Texassee. This name was derived from the fact that all five members were natives of Texas, and met in Nashville, Tennessee's Opryland USA theme park. The original lineup consisted of lead singer/rhythm guitarist Richie McDonald (Lubbock), lead guitarist Michael Britt (Fort Worth), drummer Randy \"Keech\" Rainwater (Plano), keyboardist/rhythm guitarist Dean Sams (Garland), and bass guitarist/lead and background vocalist John Rich (Amarillo). Before Lonestar's foundation, Rainwater and Britt were members of the group Canyon, which recorded two albums for the independent 16th Avenue Records and charted in the country top 40 with \"Hot Nights\" in 1989. Soon after foundation, Texassee changed its name to Lonestar. The band first played at a concert in Nashville in 1993 and signed to BNA Records in 1995.", "title": "Lonestar" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company was founded by Chicago - born George Cohon. The first store opened in 1967 as the Western Canadian franchisee and operated with the U.S. operations. Cohon was the Eastern Canadian franchise and opened his store in 1968 on Oxford Street West in London, Ontario. In 1971, Cohon merged the two operations to one national operation. Cohon was responsible for developing the eastern Canadian franchises. The first McDonald's restaurant in Canada was opened in 1967 in Richmond, British Columbia, by western franchise owners. It was also the first McDonald's restaurant outside of the United States. As of 2014, McDonald's Canada had 1,400 stores (including Walmart Canada locations) in Canada, and more than 85,000 Canadian employees.", "title": "McDonald's Canada" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Believing the McDonald's formula was a ticket to success, Kroc suggested they franchise their restaurants throughout the country. The brothers were skeptical, however, that the self - service approach could succeed in colder, rainier climates; furthermore, their thriving business in San Bernardino, and franchises already operating or planned, made them reluctant to risk a national venture. Kroc offered to take the major responsibility for setting up the new franchises elsewhere. He returned to his home outside of Chicago with rights to set up McDonald's restaurants throughout the country, except in a handful of territories in California and Arizona already licensed by the McDonald brothers. The brothers were to receive one - half of one percent of gross sales. Kroc's first McDonald's restaurant opened on April 15, 1955, at 400 North Lee Street in Des Plaines, Illinois, near Chicago. The Des Plaines interior and exterior was painted by master painter Eugene Wright, who owned Wright's Decorating Service. Eugene was asked to come up with a color scheme and he chose yellow and white, with dark brown and red being secondary trim colors. Those colors would go on to become the colors of all McDonald's franchises. (Recognizing its historic and nostalgic value, in 1990 the McDonald's Corporation acquired the stand and rehabilitated it to a modern but nearly original condition, and then built an adjacent museum and gift shop to commemorate the site.)", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The modern hamburger was developed in the United States, but by the end of World War II, around the middle of the 20th century, it began to spread to other countries as fast food became globalized. The main cause of this gradual globalization was the successes of the large restaurant chains. Their desires to expand their businesses and increase their profits resulted in them creating franchises around the world. McDonald's was among the very first of the burger chains to take the global establishment of its brand seriously, but it was not the only one. Wimpy began operating in the United Kingdom in 1954, 20 years before McDonald's began operation in the country, and by 1970 it had expanded to over a thousand restaurants in 23 countries. On August 21, 1971, in Zaandam, near Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Ahold opened its first European franchise. In the 1970s, McDonald's began to expand into Europe and Australia. In Asia, Japan saw the establishment of its own fast food chain in 1972: MOS Burger (モスバーガー, Mosu bāgā), an abbreviation of ``Mountain, Ocean, Sun '', which eventually became a direct competitor to McDonald's. All of its products, however, were variations on the burger adapted to the Asian world, including the teriyaki burger, takumi burger, and riceburger. In Hong Kong, Aji Ichiban competed with large chains before it spread quickly throughout Asia. One of the first hamburger vending machines debuted in Amsterdam in 1941 under the brand FEBO, its name derived from its original place of creation, the Ferdinand Bolstraat.", "title": "History of the hamburger" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McDonald's is an American fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand. The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in early 2018.", "title": "McDonald's" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016. Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit. The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company - operated restaurants. According to a BBC report published in 2012, McDonald's is the world's second largest private employer (behind Walmart with 1.9 million employees), 1.5 million of whom work for franchises.", "title": "McDonald's" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant.", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late 1953, with only a rendering of Meston's design in hand, the brothers began seeking franchisees. Their first franchisee was Neil Fox, a distributor for General Petroleum Corporation. Fox's stand, the first with Meston's golden arches design, opened in May 1953 at 4050 North Central Avenue at Indian School Road in Phoenix, Arizona. Their second franchisee was the team of Fox's brother - in - law Roger Williams and Burdette ``Bud ''Landon, both of whom also worked for General Petroleum. Williams and Landon opened their stand on 18 August 1953 at 10207 Lakewood Boulevard in Downey, California. The Downey stand has the distinction of being the oldest surviving McDonald's restaurant. The Downey stand was never required to comply with the McDonald's Corporation's remodeling and updating requests over the years because it was franchised not by the McDonald's Corporation, but by the McDonald brothers themselves to Williams and Landon.", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1971: The first Australian McDonald's opens in the Sydney suburb of Yagoona in December. The restaurant becomes known locally as ``Maccas ''.", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[citation needed] After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players also opened nearby in 1978,[citation needed] at Olive and Wishon Avenues. Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student. McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on Broadway in New York City and a Tony award winning actress. Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre.", "title": "Fresno, California" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Co-Founders ``Beaver ''Aplin and Don Wasek opened the first store, which is still open as of 2017, in Lake Jackson, Texas in 1982. Aplin formed the name Buc - ee's by combining his childhood nickname and the name of his Labrador Retriever, Buck.", "title": "Buc-ee's" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1972: The first McDonald's in France opens, in Créteil, even though the company officially recognizes the first outlet in Strasbourg in 1979.", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008.", "title": "McWorld" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:HM is the entry for Heard Island and McDonald Islands in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:HM" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Machine Gun in the Clown's Hand is the eighth spoken word album by Jello Biafra. Topics covered in the album include the War on Terrorism, California's energy crisis, and voting problems in Florida. Biafra originally titled the album \"Osama McDonald\" (a combination of the names of Osama bin Laden and Ronald McDonald), a name which he was later credited by on the album \"Never Breathe What You Can't See\", which was recorded with The Melvins.", "title": "Machine Gun in the Clown's Hand" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McDonald Beach () is an extensive beach lying west of Inclusion Hill and southwest of Cape Bird on Ross Island, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, after Captain Edwin A. McDonald, then Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, who provided extensive transport and other facilities to the NZGSAE in support of the survey of the Cape Bird area.", "title": "McDonald Beach" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Syllabub (or solybubbe, sullabub, sullibib, sullybub, sullibub; there is no certain etymology and considerable variation in spelling) has been known in England at least since John Heywood's \"Thersytes\" of about 1537: \"You and I... Muste walke to him and eate a solybubbe.\" The word occurs repeatedly, including in Samuel Pepys's diary for 12 July 1663; \"Then to Comissioner Petts and had a good Sullybub\" and in Thomas Hughes's \"Tom Brown at Oxford\" of 1861; \"We retire to tea or syllabub beneath the shade of some great oak.\"", "title": "Syllabub" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McDonaldland was a fantasy world used in the marketing for McDonald's restaurants. McDonaldland was inhabited by Ronald McDonald and other characters. In addition to being used in advertising, the characters were used as the basis for equipment in the ``playplaces ''attached to some McDonald's. McDonaldland and the supporting characters were dropped from McDonald's marketing in 2003, but Ronald McDonald is still seen in commercials and in Happy Meal toys.", "title": "McDonaldland" } ]	When did the first established that the phenomenon McDonaldization is named after open in the country where the word Syllabub come from?	1974	[]	Title: History of McDonald's Passage: 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant. Title: History of McDonald's Passage: 1972: The first McDonald's in France opens, in Créteil, even though the company officially recognizes the first outlet in Strasbourg in 1979. Title: Lonestar Passage: Lonestar began in 1992 as a band named Texassee. This name was derived from the fact that all five members were natives of Texas, and met in Nashville, Tennessee's Opryland USA theme park. The original lineup consisted of lead singer/rhythm guitarist Richie McDonald (Lubbock), lead guitarist Michael Britt (Fort Worth), drummer Randy "Keech" Rainwater (Plano), keyboardist/rhythm guitarist Dean Sams (Garland), and bass guitarist/lead and background vocalist John Rich (Amarillo). Before Lonestar's foundation, Rainwater and Britt were members of the group Canyon, which recorded two albums for the independent 16th Avenue Records and charted in the country top 40 with "Hot Nights" in 1989. Soon after foundation, Texassee changed its name to Lonestar. The band first played at a concert in Nashville in 1993 and signed to BNA Records in 1995. Title: McWorld Passage: McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. Title: Machine Gun in the Clown's Hand Passage: Machine Gun in the Clown's Hand is the eighth spoken word album by Jello Biafra. Topics covered in the album include the War on Terrorism, California's energy crisis, and voting problems in Florida. Biafra originally titled the album "Osama McDonald" (a combination of the names of Osama bin Laden and Ronald McDonald), a name which he was later credited by on the album "Never Breathe What You Can't See", which was recorded with The Melvins. Title: ISO 3166-2:HM Passage: ISO 3166-2:HM is the entry for Heard Island and McDonald Islands in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: McDonald's Canada Passage: The company was founded by Chicago - born George Cohon. The first store opened in 1967 as the Western Canadian franchisee and operated with the U.S. operations. Cohon was the Eastern Canadian franchise and opened his store in 1968 on Oxford Street West in London, Ontario. In 1971, Cohon merged the two operations to one national operation. Cohon was responsible for developing the eastern Canadian franchises. The first McDonald's restaurant in Canada was opened in 1967 in Richmond, British Columbia, by western franchise owners. It was also the first McDonald's restaurant outside of the United States. As of 2014, McDonald's Canada had 1,400 stores (including Walmart Canada locations) in Canada, and more than 85,000 Canadian employees. Title: Buc-ee's Passage: Co-Founders ``Beaver ''Aplin and Don Wasek opened the first store, which is still open as of 2017, in Lake Jackson, Texas in 1982. Aplin formed the name Buc - ee's by combining his childhood nickname and the name of his Labrador Retriever, Buck. Title: McDonald Beach Passage: McDonald Beach () is an extensive beach lying west of Inclusion Hill and southwest of Cape Bird on Ross Island, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, after Captain Edwin A. McDonald, then Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, who provided extensive transport and other facilities to the NZGSAE in support of the survey of the Cape Bird area. Title: Fresno, California Passage: This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[citation needed] After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players also opened nearby in 1978,[citation needed] at Olive and Wishon Avenues. Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student. McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on Broadway in New York City and a Tony award winning actress. Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre. Title: History of McDonald's Passage: In late 1953, with only a rendering of Meston's design in hand, the brothers began seeking franchisees. Their first franchisee was Neil Fox, a distributor for General Petroleum Corporation. Fox's stand, the first with Meston's golden arches design, opened in May 1953 at 4050 North Central Avenue at Indian School Road in Phoenix, Arizona. Their second franchisee was the team of Fox's brother - in - law Roger Williams and Burdette ``Bud ''Landon, both of whom also worked for General Petroleum. Williams and Landon opened their stand on 18 August 1953 at 10207 Lakewood Boulevard in Downey, California. The Downey stand has the distinction of being the oldest surviving McDonald's restaurant. The Downey stand was never required to comply with the McDonald's Corporation's remodeling and updating requests over the years because it was franchised not by the McDonald's Corporation, but by the McDonald brothers themselves to Williams and Landon. Title: McDonaldland Passage: McDonaldland was a fantasy world used in the marketing for McDonald's restaurants. McDonaldland was inhabited by Ronald McDonald and other characters. In addition to being used in advertising, the characters were used as the basis for equipment in the ``playplaces ''attached to some McDonald's. McDonaldland and the supporting characters were dropped from McDonald's marketing in 2003, but Ronald McDonald is still seen in commercials and in Happy Meal toys. Title: McDonald's Passage: McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016. Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit. The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company - operated restaurants. According to a BBC report published in 2012, McDonald's is the world's second largest private employer (behind Walmart with 1.9 million employees), 1.5 million of whom work for franchises. Title: History of McDonald's Passage: 1971: The first Australian McDonald's opens in the Sydney suburb of Yagoona in December. The restaurant becomes known locally as ``Maccas ''. Title: McDonald's Passage: The United Kingdom and Ireland business model is different from the U.S, in that fewer than 30 percent of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and management at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. In other countries, McDonald's restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald's Corporation and other, local entities or governments. Title: Fast food restaurant Passage: Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. Title: History of the hamburger Passage: The modern hamburger was developed in the United States, but by the end of World War II, around the middle of the 20th century, it began to spread to other countries as fast food became globalized. The main cause of this gradual globalization was the successes of the large restaurant chains. Their desires to expand their businesses and increase their profits resulted in them creating franchises around the world. McDonald's was among the very first of the burger chains to take the global establishment of its brand seriously, but it was not the only one. Wimpy began operating in the United Kingdom in 1954, 20 years before McDonald's began operation in the country, and by 1970 it had expanded to over a thousand restaurants in 23 countries. On August 21, 1971, in Zaandam, near Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Ahold opened its first European franchise. In the 1970s, McDonald's began to expand into Europe and Australia. In Asia, Japan saw the establishment of its own fast food chain in 1972: MOS Burger (モスバーガー, Mosu bāgā), an abbreviation of ``Mountain, Ocean, Sun '', which eventually became a direct competitor to McDonald's. All of its products, however, were variations on the burger adapted to the Asian world, including the teriyaki burger, takumi burger, and riceburger. In Hong Kong, Aji Ichiban competed with large chains before it spread quickly throughout Asia. One of the first hamburger vending machines debuted in Amsterdam in 1941 under the brand FEBO, its name derived from its original place of creation, the Ferdinand Bolstraat. Title: History of McDonald's Passage: Believing the McDonald's formula was a ticket to success, Kroc suggested they franchise their restaurants throughout the country. The brothers were skeptical, however, that the self - service approach could succeed in colder, rainier climates; furthermore, their thriving business in San Bernardino, and franchises already operating or planned, made them reluctant to risk a national venture. Kroc offered to take the major responsibility for setting up the new franchises elsewhere. He returned to his home outside of Chicago with rights to set up McDonald's restaurants throughout the country, except in a handful of territories in California and Arizona already licensed by the McDonald brothers. The brothers were to receive one - half of one percent of gross sales. Kroc's first McDonald's restaurant opened on April 15, 1955, at 400 North Lee Street in Des Plaines, Illinois, near Chicago. The Des Plaines interior and exterior was painted by master painter Eugene Wright, who owned Wright's Decorating Service. Eugene was asked to come up with a color scheme and he chose yellow and white, with dark brown and red being secondary trim colors. Those colors would go on to become the colors of all McDonald's franchises. (Recognizing its historic and nostalgic value, in 1990 the McDonald's Corporation acquired the stand and rehabilitated it to a modern but nearly original condition, and then built an adjacent museum and gift shop to commemorate the site.) Title: Syllabub Passage: Syllabub (or solybubbe, sullabub, sullibib, sullybub, sullibub; there is no certain etymology and considerable variation in spelling) has been known in England at least since John Heywood's "Thersytes" of about 1537: "You and I... Muste walke to him and eate a solybubbe." The word occurs repeatedly, including in Samuel Pepys's diary for 12 July 1663; "Then to Comissioner Petts and had a good Sullybub" and in Thomas Hughes's "Tom Brown at Oxford" of 1861; "We retire to tea or syllabub beneath the shade of some great oak." Title: McDonald's Passage: McDonald's is an American fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand. The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in early 2018.	[ "History of McDonald's", "McWorld", "Syllabub" ]
3hop1__404817_499795_305851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poplar Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 173 as of the 2000 census. Poplar Township was named from the groves of poplar trees within its borders.", "title": "Poplar Township, Cass County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mingaladon Township ( ) is located in the northernmost part of Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 31 wards, and shares borders with Hmawbi Township in the north, North Okkalapa Township in the east, Insein Township and Shwepyitha Township in the west, and Mayangon Township in the south. Mingaladon is still relatively undeveloped and lacks basic municipal services.", "title": "Mingaladon Township" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807.", "title": "Rosedale, Camden" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jimma Arjo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the name of one of the subgroups of the Oromo people, the Jimma Arjo. Part of the Misraq Welega Zone, Jimma Arjo is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by Diga Leka, on the northeast by Guto Wayu, and on the southeast by Nunu Kumba. The administrative center of this woreda is Arjo.", "title": "Jimma Arjo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Abington Township is a township in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located approximately north of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and is located in the growing suburban area known as the \"Abingtons\". North Abington is also approximately north of Clarks Summit and borders Waverly Township and Dalton Borough to the south, as well as Benton Township to the north. The population was 703 at the 2010 census.", "title": "North Abington Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miller Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Knox County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,006 people in the township.", "title": "Miller Township, Knox County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Upper Twin Island is a bar island in Ohio County, West Virginia on the Ohio River. It lies upstream from its twin, Lower Twin Island. Both islands are part of the city of Wheeling and situated between Martins Ferry, Ohio and mainland Wheeling.", "title": "Upper Twin Island" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "title": "Mount Bosworth" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parkway Pines is an unincorporated community located along the border of Howell Township in Monmouth County and Brick Township in Ocean County, in New Jersey, United States. The Howell area of this community is called Ramtown.", "title": "Parkway Pines, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Włodawa" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallaratese is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy, part of the Zone 8 administrative division of the city. It is located about 7 km north-west of the city centre. It borders on the \"comune\" of Pero to the north and on the districts of Trenno to the west and Lampugnano to the south; to the east, its ideal border is the eponymous street, which in turn is named after Gallarate, the town it leads to.", "title": "Gallaratese" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Laughery Creek Bridge is a truss bridge on the border of Dearborn County, Indiana, and Ohio County, Indiana. It crosses Laughery Creek. This bridge was built in 1878. The Wrought Iron Bridge Company, a prolific late 19th-century bridge company, constructed the bridge. The bridge is seated on stone abutments. The deck surface is not original and is currently concrete. The bridge, nearly 300 feet in length, is a single span pin connected triple intersection Whipple through truss, and is the only example in the world of this truss type. The name bridge's nickname, \"Triple Whipple Bridge\" is a play on words. The double-intersection Pratt, which was called the Whipple truss configuration, was a far more common variation of the standard Pratt configuration. Since the Laughery Creek Bridge's members have three intersections instead of two, this gives rise to the \"Triple Whipple\" name. This bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.", "title": "Laughery Creek Bridge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E is an unincorporated township located in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Central Aroostook Unorganized Territory and borders the towns of Blaine to the east and Westfield to the north. As of the 1990 census, when it was still organized as a plantation, E Plantation had 64 residents. However, in 1990 its residents decided to disorganize the community and give up control to the state in an effort to reduce taxes. K–12 education for the community is provided by Maine School Administrative District 42, which also serves neighboring Blaine and Mars Hill. However, because E Plantation withdrew from the school district following its disorganization, its students are tuitioned.", "title": "E Township, Maine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Miller Township is one of fourteen townships in Dearborn County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 9,810 and it contained 3,651 housing units.", "title": "Miller Township, Dearborn County, Indiana" } ]	The county sharing border with the county having Miller Township is named after what river?	Ohio River	[]	Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Miller Township, Dearborn County, Indiana Passage: Miller Township is one of fourteen townships in Dearborn County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 9,810 and it contained 3,651 housing units. Title: Gmina Włodawa Passage: Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. Title: Poplar Township, Cass County, Minnesota Passage: Poplar Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 173 as of the 2000 census. Poplar Township was named from the groves of poplar trees within its borders. Title: Jimma Arjo Passage: Jimma Arjo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the name of one of the subgroups of the Oromo people, the Jimma Arjo. Part of the Misraq Welega Zone, Jimma Arjo is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by Diga Leka, on the northeast by Guto Wayu, and on the southeast by Nunu Kumba. The administrative center of this woreda is Arjo. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: Mingaladon Township Passage: Mingaladon Township ( ) is located in the northernmost part of Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 31 wards, and shares borders with Hmawbi Township in the north, North Okkalapa Township in the east, Insein Township and Shwepyitha Township in the west, and Mayangon Township in the south. Mingaladon is still relatively undeveloped and lacks basic municipal services. Title: North Abington Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania Passage: North Abington Township is a township in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located approximately north of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and is located in the growing suburban area known as the "Abingtons". North Abington is also approximately north of Clarks Summit and borders Waverly Township and Dalton Borough to the south, as well as Benton Township to the north. The population was 703 at the 2010 census. Title: Miller Township, Knox County, Ohio Passage: Miller Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Knox County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,006 people in the township. Title: Mount Bosworth Passage: Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Title: Oak Lawn, Illinois Passage: Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs. Title: Gallaratese Passage: Gallaratese is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy, part of the Zone 8 administrative division of the city. It is located about 7 km north-west of the city centre. It borders on the "comune" of Pero to the north and on the districts of Trenno to the west and Lampugnano to the south; to the east, its ideal border is the eponymous street, which in turn is named after Gallarate, the town it leads to. Title: Rosedale, Camden Passage: Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807. Title: Negaunee Township, Michigan Passage: Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous. Title: E Township, Maine Passage: E is an unincorporated township located in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Central Aroostook Unorganized Territory and borders the towns of Blaine to the east and Westfield to the north. As of the 1990 census, when it was still organized as a plantation, E Plantation had 64 residents. However, in 1990 its residents decided to disorganize the community and give up control to the state in an effort to reduce taxes. K–12 education for the community is provided by Maine School Administrative District 42, which also serves neighboring Blaine and Mars Hill. However, because E Plantation withdrew from the school district following its disorganization, its students are tuitioned. Title: Parkway Pines, New Jersey Passage: Parkway Pines is an unincorporated community located along the border of Howell Township in Monmouth County and Brick Township in Ocean County, in New Jersey, United States. The Howell area of this community is called Ramtown. Title: Laughery Creek Bridge Passage: The Laughery Creek Bridge is a truss bridge on the border of Dearborn County, Indiana, and Ohio County, Indiana. It crosses Laughery Creek. This bridge was built in 1878. The Wrought Iron Bridge Company, a prolific late 19th-century bridge company, constructed the bridge. The bridge is seated on stone abutments. The deck surface is not original and is currently concrete. The bridge, nearly 300 feet in length, is a single span pin connected triple intersection Whipple through truss, and is the only example in the world of this truss type. The name bridge's nickname, "Triple Whipple Bridge" is a play on words. The double-intersection Pratt, which was called the Whipple truss configuration, was a far more common variation of the standard Pratt configuration. Since the Laughery Creek Bridge's members have three intersections instead of two, this gives rise to the "Triple Whipple" name. This bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Title: Upper Twin Island Passage: Upper Twin Island is a bar island in Ohio County, West Virginia on the Ohio River. It lies upstream from its twin, Lower Twin Island. Both islands are part of the city of Wheeling and situated between Martins Ferry, Ohio and mainland Wheeling. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Kingdom of Gera Passage: The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.	[ "Upper Twin Island", "Laughery Creek Bridge", "Miller Township, Dearborn County, Indiana" ]
2hop__615457_126102	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yeed, also spelled Yed, is a town in the southwestern Bakool region of Somalia. It is situated in the Yed District.", "title": "Yeed" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Deck of Cards ''is a recitation song that was popularized in the fields of both the country and popular music, first during the late 1940s. This song, which relates the tale of a young American soldier arrested and charged with playing cards during a church service, first became a hit in the U.S. in 1948 by country musician T. Texas Tyler.", "title": "The Deck of Cards" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tesla Roadster (2008) was the first production automobile to use lithium - ion battery cells and the first production EV with a range greater than 200 mi (320 km) per charge. Between 2008 and March 2012, Tesla sold more than 2,250 Roadsters in 31 countries. Tesla stopped taking orders for the Roadster in the U.S. market in August 2011.", "title": "Tesla, Inc." }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter. Electric charge is a characteristic property of many subatomic particles. The charges of free - standing particles are integer multiples of the elementary charge e; we say that electric charge is quantized. Michael Faraday, in his electrolysis experiments, was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge. Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment demonstrated this fact directly, and measured the elementary charge. It has been discovered that one type of particle, quarks, have fractional charges of either − 1 / 3 or + 2 / 3, but it is believed they always occur in multiples of integral charge; free - standing quarks have never been observed.", "title": "Electric charge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 19th century, the mass - to - charge ratios of some ions were measured by electrochemical methods. In 1897, the mass - to - charge ratio of the electron was first measured by J.J. Thomson. By doing this, he showed that the electron was in fact a particle with a mass and a charge, and that its mass - to - charge ratio was much smaller than that of the hydrogen ion H. In 1898, Wilhelm Wien separated ions (canal rays) according to their mass - to - charge ratio with an ion optical device with superimposed electric and magnetic fields (Wien filter). In 1901 Walter Kaufman measured the increase of electromagnetic mass of fast electrons (Kaufmann -- Bucherer -- Neumann experiments), or relativistic mass increase in modern terms. In 1913, Thomson measured the mass - to - charge ratio of ions with an instrument he called a parabola spectrograph. Today, an instrument that measures the mass - to - charge ratio of charged particles is called a mass spectrometer.", "title": "Mass-to-charge ratio" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The official post office was created in 1792 as the Post Office Department (USPOD). It was based on the Constitutional authority empowering Congress ``To establish post offices and post roads ''. The 1792 law provided for a greatly expanded postal network, and served editors by charging newspapers an extremely low rate. The law guaranteed the sanctity of personal correspondence, and provided the entire country with low - cost access to information on public affairs, while establishing a right to personal privacy.", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time: 1) electrons are negatively - charged particles and 2) atoms are neutrally - charged.", "title": "Plum pudding model" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tuition fees were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the Labour government as a means of funding tuition to undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities, with students being required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition. However, as a result of the establishment of devolved national administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, different arrangements now exist with regard to the charging of tuition fees in each of the countries of the United Kingdom.", "title": "Tuition fees in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tesla began building the network in 2012. As of December 2017, there were 1,045 stations globally, with 7,496 chargers. The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 120 kW of power per car (depending on circumstances), giving the 90 kWh Model S an additional 170 miles (270 km) of range in about 30 minutes charge and a full charge in around 75 minutes. A software update provided in 2015 to all Tesla cars uses demand information from each Supercharger station to plan the fastest route, if charging will be necessary to reach the destination.", "title": "Tesla Supercharger" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two types of charging port exist: the charging downstream port (CDP), supporting data transfers as well, and the dedicated charging port (DCP), without data support. A portable device can recognize the type of USB port; on a dedicated charging port, the D+ and D− pins are shorted with a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms, while charging downstream ports provide additional detection logic so their presence can be determined by attached devices. (see ref pg. 2, Section 1.4.5, & Table 5-3 \"Resistances\"—pg. 29).", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt is a ministerial body in charge of agriculture and land reclamation in Egypt.", "title": "Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (Egypt)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 10 September 2012, parliament elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the new President of Somalia. President Mohamud later appointed Abdi Farah Shirdon as the new Prime Minister on 6 October 2012, who was succeeded in office by Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed on 21 December 2013. On 17 December 2014, former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister.", "title": "Somalia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Domino's Pizza is credited with popularizing free pizza delivery in the United States. Pizza Hut began experimenting in 1999 with a 50 - cent delivery charge in ten stores in the Dallas - Fort Worth area. By mid-2001 it was implemented in 95% of its 1,749 company - owned restaurants in the U.S., and in a smaller number of its 5,250 franchisee - owned restaurants. By 2002, a small percentage of stores owned or franchised by U.S. pizza companies Domino's and Papa John's were also charging delivery fees of 50 cents to $1.50, and some of Little Caesar's franchisees charged delivery fees. In 2005, Papa John's implemented delivery charges in the majority of its company - owned stores.", "title": "Pizza delivery" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port. Contrary to the standard downstream port, for which current draw by a connected portable device can exceed 100 mA only after digital negotiation with the host or hub, a charging port can supply currents between 500 mA and 1.5 A without the digital negotiation. A charging port supplies up to 500 mA at 5 V, up to the rated current at 3.6 V or more, and drops its output voltage if the portable device attempts to draw more than the rated current. The charger port may shut down if the load is too high.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. The head of the ministry is Minister of Tourism, a Minister of State (Independent Charge), held by Shri. Alphons Kannanthanam Since September 2017. To promote the GDP of the country indirectly and to have friendly relations with them, The Government of India announced officially a Visa on Arrival status / facility for International Visitors to enter / visit India from 43 countries including United States, Australia, Vietnam, Thailand, Vanuatu, Singapore, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Russian Federation, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Japan, Myanmar on 27 November 2014 and some more countries to follow soon.", "title": "Ministry of Tourism (India)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.", "title": "Pharmacy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chief of Naval Research is the senior military officer in charge of scientific research in the United States Navy. The Chief of Naval Research has a rank of Rear Admiral, and is in charge of the Office of Naval Research.", "title": "Chief of Naval Research" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\" Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252", "title": "Crimean War" } ]	Who was in charge of the country containing Yeed?	Hassan Sheikh Mohamud	[]	Title: Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (Egypt) Passage: The Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt is a ministerial body in charge of agriculture and land reclamation in Egypt. Title: Chief of Naval Research Passage: The Chief of Naval Research is the senior military officer in charge of scientific research in the United States Navy. The Chief of Naval Research has a rank of Rear Admiral, and is in charge of the Office of Naval Research. Title: Electric charge Passage: Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter. Electric charge is a characteristic property of many subatomic particles. The charges of free - standing particles are integer multiples of the elementary charge e; we say that electric charge is quantized. Michael Faraday, in his electrolysis experiments, was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge. Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment demonstrated this fact directly, and measured the elementary charge. It has been discovered that one type of particle, quarks, have fractional charges of either − 1 / 3 or + 2 / 3, but it is believed they always occur in multiples of integral charge; free - standing quarks have never been observed. Title: Plum pudding model Passage: The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time: 1) electrons are negatively - charged particles and 2) atoms are neutrally - charged. Title: Pizza delivery Passage: Domino's Pizza is credited with popularizing free pizza delivery in the United States. Pizza Hut began experimenting in 1999 with a 50 - cent delivery charge in ten stores in the Dallas - Fort Worth area. By mid-2001 it was implemented in 95% of its 1,749 company - owned restaurants in the U.S., and in a smaller number of its 5,250 franchisee - owned restaurants. By 2002, a small percentage of stores owned or franchised by U.S. pizza companies Domino's and Papa John's were also charging delivery fees of 50 cents to $1.50, and some of Little Caesar's franchisees charged delivery fees. In 2005, Papa John's implemented delivery charges in the majority of its company - owned stores. Title: The Deck of Cards Passage: ``The Deck of Cards ''is a recitation song that was popularized in the fields of both the country and popular music, first during the late 1940s. This song, which relates the tale of a young American soldier arrested and charged with playing cards during a church service, first became a hit in the U.S. in 1948 by country musician T. Texas Tyler. Title: Southern Europe Passage: Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013). Title: Ministry of Tourism (India) Passage: The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. The head of the ministry is Minister of Tourism, a Minister of State (Independent Charge), held by Shri. Alphons Kannanthanam Since September 2017. To promote the GDP of the country indirectly and to have friendly relations with them, The Government of India announced officially a Visa on Arrival status / facility for International Visitors to enter / visit India from 43 countries including United States, Australia, Vietnam, Thailand, Vanuatu, Singapore, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Russian Federation, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Japan, Myanmar on 27 November 2014 and some more countries to follow soon. Title: Tesla Supercharger Passage: Tesla began building the network in 2012. As of December 2017, there were 1,045 stations globally, with 7,496 chargers. The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 120 kW of power per car (depending on circumstances), giving the 90 kWh Model S an additional 170 miles (270 km) of range in about 30 minutes charge and a full charge in around 75 minutes. A software update provided in 2015 to all Tesla cars uses demand information from each Supercharger station to plan the fastest route, if charging will be necessary to reach the destination. Title: Mass-to-charge ratio Passage: In the 19th century, the mass - to - charge ratios of some ions were measured by electrochemical methods. In 1897, the mass - to - charge ratio of the electron was first measured by J.J. Thomson. By doing this, he showed that the electron was in fact a particle with a mass and a charge, and that its mass - to - charge ratio was much smaller than that of the hydrogen ion H. In 1898, Wilhelm Wien separated ions (canal rays) according to their mass - to - charge ratio with an ion optical device with superimposed electric and magnetic fields (Wien filter). In 1901 Walter Kaufman measured the increase of electromagnetic mass of fast electrons (Kaufmann -- Bucherer -- Neumann experiments), or relativistic mass increase in modern terms. In 1913, Thomson measured the mass - to - charge ratio of ions with an instrument he called a parabola spectrograph. Today, an instrument that measures the mass - to - charge ratio of charged particles is called a mass spectrometer. Title: Yeed Passage: Yeed, also spelled Yed, is a town in the southwestern Bakool region of Somalia. It is situated in the Yed District. Title: Tuition fees in the United Kingdom Passage: Tuition fees were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the Labour government as a means of funding tuition to undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities, with students being required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition. However, as a result of the establishment of devolved national administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, different arrangements now exist with regard to the charging of tuition fees in each of the countries of the United Kingdom. Title: Crimean War Passage: Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252 Title: Tesla, Inc. Passage: The Tesla Roadster (2008) was the first production automobile to use lithium - ion battery cells and the first production EV with a range greater than 200 mi (320 km) per charge. Between 2008 and March 2012, Tesla sold more than 2,250 Roadsters in 31 countries. Tesla stopped taking orders for the Roadster in the U.S. market in August 2011. Title: USB Passage: Two types of charging port exist: the charging downstream port (CDP), supporting data transfers as well, and the dedicated charging port (DCP), without data support. A portable device can recognize the type of USB port; on a dedicated charging port, the D+ and D− pins are shorted with a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms, while charging downstream ports provide additional detection logic so their presence can be determined by attached devices. (see ref pg. 2, Section 1.4.5, & Table 5-3 "Resistances"—pg. 29). Title: United States Postal Service Passage: The official post office was created in 1792 as the Post Office Department (USPOD). It was based on the Constitutional authority empowering Congress ``To establish post offices and post roads ''. The 1792 law provided for a greatly expanded postal network, and served editors by charging newspapers an extremely low rate. The law guaranteed the sanctity of personal correspondence, and provided the entire country with low - cost access to information on public affairs, while establishing a right to personal privacy. Title: Somalia Passage: On 10 September 2012, parliament elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the new President of Somalia. President Mohamud later appointed Abdi Farah Shirdon as the new Prime Minister on 6 October 2012, who was succeeded in office by Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed on 21 December 2013. On 17 December 2014, former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister. Title: USB Passage: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port. Contrary to the standard downstream port, for which current draw by a connected portable device can exceed 100 mA only after digital negotiation with the host or hub, a charging port can supply currents between 500 mA and 1.5 A without the digital negotiation. A charging port supplies up to 500 mA at 5 V, up to the rated current at 3.6 V or more, and drops its output voltage if the portable device attempts to draw more than the rated current. The charger port may shut down if the load is too high. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat. Title: Pharmacy Passage: In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.	[ "Yeed", "Somalia" ]
2hop__45528_390458	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matecumbe is a neighborhood within the village of Islamorada in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is located in the upper Florida Keys on the island of Upper Matecumbe Key.", "title": "Matecumbe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taylor County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,570. Its county seat is Perry. The county hosts the annual Florida Forest Festival and has been long known as the \"Tree Capital of the South\" since a 1965 designation from then-Governor W. Haydon Burns.", "title": "Taylor County, Florida" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Signalkuppe (in German, pronounced seen-yall-koo-pay) also known as Punta Gnifetti (in Italian) (4,554 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It is a subpeak of Monte Rosa. The mountain is named after 'the Signal', a prominent gendarme atop the east ridge, named \"Cresta Signal\".", "title": "Signalkuppe" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rock Hill (not to be confused with the town of Rock Hill, Florida) is a high point in Florida. This hill is located in Walton County, Florida. The hill is 193 feet high. Just outside Eglin Air Force Base, Rock Hill is north of Freeport, Florida; and is south of DeFuniak Springs, Florida, near the intersection of U.S. Route 331 and State Road 20. Its exact location is 30°36'2\"N 86°6'22\"W.", "title": "Rock Hill (point)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Punta Gorda (/ ˌpʌntə ˈɡɔːrdə /; English: Fat Point) is a city in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census the city had a population of 16,641. It is the county seat of Charlotte County and the only incorporated municipality in the county. Punta Gorda is the principal city of the Punta Gorda, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area and is also in the Sarasota - Bradenton - Punta Gorda Combined Statistical Area.", "title": "Punta Gorda, Florida" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.", "title": "San Lucas AVA" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort White is a town in Columbia County, Florida, United States, named after a military fort built in the 1830s. It is the closest town to Ichetucknee Springs State Park. Fort White High School and the Fort White Public School Historic District are located within the town's borders. The original school building was constructed in 1915.", "title": "Fort White, Florida" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punta Prieta Airstrip is a public paved airstrip located South of Punta Prieta, Municipality of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, a small town located just in the middle of The Valle de los Cirios Protected Natural Area, beside the Federal Highway 1. The runway runs North-South, parallel to the highway. The airfield is used solely for general aviation purposes.", "title": "Punta Prieta Airstrip" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosière is an unincorporated community located on the border of Kewaunee County and Door County in Wisconsin, in the towns of Lincoln, and Brussels.", "title": "Rosiere, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punta San Matteo is a secondary peak of Ortler-Vioz in the Ortler Alps, at the border between the Province of Sondrio (Lombardy region) and Trentino (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region) in northern Italy.", "title": "Punta San Matteo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parque Batlle (formerly: Parque de los Aliados, translation: \"Park of the Allies\") is a major public central park, located south of Avenida Italia and north of Avenue Rivera. Along with Parque Prado and Parque Rodó it is one of three large parks that dominate Montevideo. The park and surrounding area constitute one of the 62 neighbourhoods (barrios) of the city. The barrio of Parque Batlle is one of seven coastal barrios, the others being Buceo, Carrasco, Malvin, Pocitos, Punta Carretas, and Punta Gorda. The current barrio of Parque Battle includes four former districts: Belgrano, Italiano, Villa Dolores and Batlle Park itself and borders the neighbourhoods of La Blanqueada, Tres Cruces, Pocitos and Buceo. It has a high population density and most of its households are of medium-high- or high-income. Villa Dolores, a subdistrict of Parque Batlle, took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell y Rius and of Doña Dolores Pereira de Rossel. On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón (\"Our Lady of the Sacred Heart\"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas (\"Punta Carretas Church\"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style. The church was originally part of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, but is presently in the parish of the Ecclesiastic Curia. Its location is at the corner of Solano García and José Ellauri. It has a nave and aisles. The roof has many vaults. During the construction of the Punta Carretas Shopping complex, major cracks developed in the structure of the church as a result of differential foundation settlement.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punta Gorda Airport (IATA: PGD, ICAO: KPGD, FAA LID: PGD) is a public airport three miles southeast of Punta Gorda, in Charlotte County, Florida. It is owned by the Charlotte County Airport Authority and was formerly called Charlotte County Airport. The airport has mainly been used by single engine and small jet aircraft, but has recently seen more scheduled airline service, with numerous flights offered by Allegiant Air. The airport is home to the Florida International Air Show, an annual event which has featured various military demonstration teams, such as the United States Navy's Flight Demonstration Squadron, the ``Blue Angels ''; the`` U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds''; and the United States Army's ``Sky Soldiers ''(173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team) Cobra helicopter team.", "title": "Punta Gorda Airport (Florida)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punta Malpelo is a point in Peru near the border with Ecuador. It was a significant scene during the Gran Colombia-Peru War, because on August 31, 1828 was the site of the Battle of Punta Malpelo, where the Peruvian corvette \"Libertad\" sustained a naval encounter with the Gran Colombian ships \"Pichincha\" and \"Guayaquileña\" with high casualties on both sides.", "title": "Punta Malpelo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yellow River Marsh Preserve State Park is a Florida State Park located on Garcon Point, south of Milton, in northwestern Florida. A small parking area, gazebo, and public access point are located on Dickerson City Road. Located on County Road 191, approximately one mile north of the intersection with County Road 281 and along both sides of the highway on Blackwater Bay.", "title": "Yellow River Marsh Preserve State Park" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lemon Bay is a long, narrow and shallow body of water covering 8,000 acres in Charlotte County, Florida and Sarasota County, Florida. It is protected as the Lemon Bay Aquatic Preserve, designated in 1986. It is one of five Charlotte Harbor Aquatic Preserves. The bay is fed by two Gulf passes and seven tributaries and includes areas of mangrove, marsh grass, and seagrass. It provides habitat for bird, invertebrate and fish species and offers fishing, kayaking, birding, wading and beachcombing opportunities.", "title": "Lemon Bay" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clarksville is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Florida, United States. The community is located at the intersection of Florida State Road 20 and Florida State Road 73 west of Blountstown. Clarksville has a post office with ZIP code 32430.", "title": "Clarksville, Florida" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punta Maria Cristina (3,706 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border. It lies on the main Alpine watershed, between the Dent d'Hérens and the Matterhorn.", "title": "Punta Maria Cristina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleveland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,990 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Punta Gorda Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Cleveland, Florida" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punta El Chiquirín is the easternmost point of the mainland of El Salvador (not counting the land border with Honduras). It is located at and overlooks the Gulf of Fonseca.", "title": "Punta El Chiquirín" } ]	What county shares a border with the county that contains Punta Gorda, Florida?	Sarasota County	[ "Sarasota County, Florida" ]	Title: Lemon Bay Passage: Lemon Bay is a long, narrow and shallow body of water covering 8,000 acres in Charlotte County, Florida and Sarasota County, Florida. It is protected as the Lemon Bay Aquatic Preserve, designated in 1986. It is one of five Charlotte Harbor Aquatic Preserves. The bay is fed by two Gulf passes and seven tributaries and includes areas of mangrove, marsh grass, and seagrass. It provides habitat for bird, invertebrate and fish species and offers fishing, kayaking, birding, wading and beachcombing opportunities. Title: Cleveland, Florida Passage: Cleveland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,990 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Punta Gorda Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Punta Malpelo Passage: Punta Malpelo is a point in Peru near the border with Ecuador. It was a significant scene during the Gran Colombia-Peru War, because on August 31, 1828 was the site of the Battle of Punta Malpelo, where the Peruvian corvette "Libertad" sustained a naval encounter with the Gran Colombian ships "Pichincha" and "Guayaquileña" with high casualties on both sides. Title: Signalkuppe Passage: The Signalkuppe (in German, pronounced seen-yall-koo-pay) also known as Punta Gnifetti (in Italian) (4,554 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It is a subpeak of Monte Rosa. The mountain is named after 'the Signal', a prominent gendarme atop the east ridge, named "Cresta Signal". Title: Matecumbe Passage: Matecumbe is a neighborhood within the village of Islamorada in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is located in the upper Florida Keys on the island of Upper Matecumbe Key. Title: Montevideo Passage: Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style. The church was originally part of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, but is presently in the parish of the Ecclesiastic Curia. Its location is at the corner of Solano García and José Ellauri. It has a nave and aisles. The roof has many vaults. During the construction of the Punta Carretas Shopping complex, major cracks developed in the structure of the church as a result of differential foundation settlement. Title: Clarksville, Florida Passage: Clarksville is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Florida, United States. The community is located at the intersection of Florida State Road 20 and Florida State Road 73 west of Blountstown. Clarksville has a post office with ZIP code 32430. Title: Punta Maria Cristina Passage: The Punta Maria Cristina (3,706 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border. It lies on the main Alpine watershed, between the Dent d'Hérens and the Matterhorn. Title: Montevideo Passage: Parque Batlle (formerly: Parque de los Aliados, translation: "Park of the Allies") is a major public central park, located south of Avenida Italia and north of Avenue Rivera. Along with Parque Prado and Parque Rodó it is one of three large parks that dominate Montevideo. The park and surrounding area constitute one of the 62 neighbourhoods (barrios) of the city. The barrio of Parque Batlle is one of seven coastal barrios, the others being Buceo, Carrasco, Malvin, Pocitos, Punta Carretas, and Punta Gorda. The current barrio of Parque Battle includes four former districts: Belgrano, Italiano, Villa Dolores and Batlle Park itself and borders the neighbourhoods of La Blanqueada, Tres Cruces, Pocitos and Buceo. It has a high population density and most of its households are of medium-high- or high-income. Villa Dolores, a subdistrict of Parque Batlle, took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell y Rius and of Doña Dolores Pereira de Rossel. On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises. Title: Taylor County, Florida Passage: Taylor County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,570. Its county seat is Perry. The county hosts the annual Florida Forest Festival and has been long known as the "Tree Capital of the South" since a 1965 designation from then-Governor W. Haydon Burns. Title: Punta El Chiquirín Passage: Punta El Chiquirín is the easternmost point of the mainland of El Salvador (not counting the land border with Honduras). It is located at and overlooks the Gulf of Fonseca. Title: Punta Prieta Airstrip Passage: Punta Prieta Airstrip is a public paved airstrip located South of Punta Prieta, Municipality of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, a small town located just in the middle of The Valle de los Cirios Protected Natural Area, beside the Federal Highway 1. The runway runs North-South, parallel to the highway. The airfield is used solely for general aviation purposes. Title: Punta Gorda, Florida Passage: Punta Gorda (/ ˌpʌntə ˈɡɔːrdə /; English: Fat Point) is a city in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census the city had a population of 16,641. It is the county seat of Charlotte County and the only incorporated municipality in the county. Punta Gorda is the principal city of the Punta Gorda, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area and is also in the Sarasota - Bradenton - Punta Gorda Combined Statistical Area. Title: Rosiere, Wisconsin Passage: Rosière is an unincorporated community located on the border of Kewaunee County and Door County in Wisconsin, in the towns of Lincoln, and Brussels. Title: Yellow River Marsh Preserve State Park Passage: Yellow River Marsh Preserve State Park is a Florida State Park located on Garcon Point, south of Milton, in northwestern Florida. A small parking area, gazebo, and public access point are located on Dickerson City Road. Located on County Road 191, approximately one mile north of the intersection with County Road 281 and along both sides of the highway on Blackwater Bay. Title: Punta San Matteo Passage: Punta San Matteo is a secondary peak of Ortler-Vioz in the Ortler Alps, at the border between the Province of Sondrio (Lombardy region) and Trentino (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region) in northern Italy. Title: San Lucas AVA Passage: The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard. Title: Punta Gorda Airport (Florida) Passage: Punta Gorda Airport (IATA: PGD, ICAO: KPGD, FAA LID: PGD) is a public airport three miles southeast of Punta Gorda, in Charlotte County, Florida. It is owned by the Charlotte County Airport Authority and was formerly called Charlotte County Airport. The airport has mainly been used by single engine and small jet aircraft, but has recently seen more scheduled airline service, with numerous flights offered by Allegiant Air. The airport is home to the Florida International Air Show, an annual event which has featured various military demonstration teams, such as the United States Navy's Flight Demonstration Squadron, the ``Blue Angels ''; the`` U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds''; and the United States Army's ``Sky Soldiers ''(173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team) Cobra helicopter team. Title: Rock Hill (point) Passage: Rock Hill (not to be confused with the town of Rock Hill, Florida) is a high point in Florida. This hill is located in Walton County, Florida. The hill is 193 feet high. Just outside Eglin Air Force Base, Rock Hill is north of Freeport, Florida; and is south of DeFuniak Springs, Florida, near the intersection of U.S. Route 331 and State Road 20. Its exact location is 30°36'2"N 86°6'22"W. Title: Fort White, Florida Passage: Fort White is a town in Columbia County, Florida, United States, named after a military fort built in the 1830s. It is the closest town to Ichetucknee Springs State Park. Fort White High School and the Fort White Public School Historic District are located within the town's borders. The original school building was constructed in 1915.	[ "Punta Gorda, Florida", "Lemon Bay" ]
3hop1__542191_768055_76403	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ireland has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 53 times since making its debut at the 1965 Contest in Naples, missing only two contests since then ( and ). The contest final is broadcast in Ireland on RTÉ One. Ireland is the most successful country in the contest, with a record total of seven wins, and is the only country to have won three times consecutively.", "title": "Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eurovision Song Contest 1956 was the first edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest, held at the Teatro Kursaal in Lugano, Switzerland on Thursday 24 May.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 1956" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"J'aime la vie\" (, \"I Love Life\") was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, performed for Belgium by Sandra Kim. Belgium had finished the 1985 Contest in last place, and thus achieved the rare turnaround from last to first in the space of one year. The song also marks the only time to date that Belgium has won the Contest. The song was also released on Kim's album \"J'aime la vie\" in 1986.", "title": "J'aime la vie" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eurovision Song Contest 1989 was the 34th annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held on 6 May 1989 in Lausanne, Switzerland, after Celine Dion's victory in Dublin the previous year. The program was presented by Lolita Morena and Jacques Deschenaux. Riva, representing Yugoslavia, won with the song \"Rock Me\". This was the only victory for Yugoslavia as a unified state.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 1989" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Athens, Papaligouras studied law at the University of Athens and took a Masters in Comparative European Law at Brunel University, London. He was leader of ONNED (the New Democracy youth organisation) from 1976 to 1977. From 1976 to 1978, he was a member of the New Democracy Executive Committee, and from 1976 to 1981 he was a member of the New Democracy Administrative Committee. He was elected MP for Korinthia in the general elections of 1981, 1985, 1993, 1996 and 2000.", "title": "Anastasios Papaligouras" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times after its debut at the 1974 Contest. In 2005, Greece won with the song \"My Number One\", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou. The song received 230 points with 10 sets of 12 points from Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Albania, Cyprus, Serbia & Montenegro, Sweden and Germany and also became a smash hit in different countries and especially in Greece. The 51st Eurovision Song Contest was held in Athens at the Olympic Indoor Hall of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Maroussi, with hosted by Maria Menounos and Sakis Rouvas.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iceland was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, held in Bergen, Norway. It was the first time Iceland was represented in the contest.", "title": "Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1992 was the selection for the 32nd song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 31st time that this system of picking a song had been used. 1,544 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on Kanal 1 and Sveriges Radio's P3 network. Christer Björkman's result at Eurovision was Sweden's worst since 1977, until 2003 the worst result of a Eurovision host country. The show was watched by 5,376,000 people.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1992" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 60 times and is one of the most successful countries to compete in the contest. They first participated in the second contest in 1957. The UK has entered every year since 1959, and has won the contest a total of five times. Along with Sweden, the UK is one of only two countries with Eurovision victories in four different decades. The United Kingdom is one of the ``Big 5 '', along with France, Germany, Italy and Spain who are automatically allowed to participate in the final as they are the five biggest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The British public broadcaster, the BBC, broadcasts the event each year and organises the national selection for the entry.", "title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iceland sent Heart 2 Heart with the song \"Nei eða já\" to the Eurovision Song Contest 1992 in Malmö, Sweden, after they won the Icelandic national final.", "title": "Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1992" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Aikido World Championships was held at the Brunel University in London, United Kingdom from 11 to 14 August.", "title": "2011 Aikido World Championships" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Country United Kingdom National selection Selection process Eurovision: You Decide Selection date (s) 7 February 2018 Selected entrant SuRie Selected song ``Storm ''Selected songwriter (s) Nicole Blair Gil Lewis Sean Hargreaves Finals performance Final result 24th, 48 points United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄ 2017 2018", "title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Country Czech Republic National selection Selection process Eurovision Song CZ Selection date (s) 29 January 2018 Selected entrant Mikolas Josef Selected song ``Lie to Me ''Selected songwriter (s) Mikolas Josef Finals performance Semi-final result Qualified (3rd, 232 points) Final result 6th, 281 points Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄ 2017 2018 2019 ►", "title": "Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain took part in the Eurovision Song Contest for the first time in 1961. The country was represented by Conchita Bautista with the song \"Estando Contigo\", written by Antonio Guijarro and Augusto Algueró. The song was chosen through a national final.", "title": "Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".", "title": "Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times since making its debut in 1981. Cyprus' first entry was the group Island, who finished sixth. The country's best result in the contest is a second - place finish with Eleni Foureira in 2018.", "title": "Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eurovision Song Contest 2018 was the 63rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place for the first time in Portugal following the country's first victory at the 2017 contest in Kiev, Ukraine with the song ``Amar pelos dois '', performed by Salvador Sobral. The contest was held at the Altice Arena in Lisbon, and consisted of two semi-finals on 8 and 10 May, and the final on 12 May 2018. The three live shows were hosted by Filomena Cautela, Sílvia Alberto, Daniela Ruah and Catarina Furtado.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1974 was the selection for the 15th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 14th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 10 songwriters were selected by SR for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio. ABBA went on to win that year's Eurovision Song Contest in Brighton, Sweden's first Eurovision win.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 1974" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 (11th) and 1987 (13th), with their five winners being Sandie Shaw with the song ``Puppet on a String ''in 1967, Lulu with`` Boom Bang - a-Bang'' in 1969 (tied), Brotherhood of Man with ``Save Your Kisses for Me ''in 1976, Bucks Fizz with`` Making Your Mind Up'' in 1981 and Katrina and the Waves with ``Love, Shine a Light ''in 1997. In addition, the UK has finished as runner - up on a record 15 occasions; including Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson (1959), Matt Monro (1964), Kathy Kirby (1965), Cliff Richard (1968), Mary Hopkin (1970), The New Seekers (1972), Scott Fitzgerald (1988), Michael Ball (1992), Sonia (1993) and Imaani (1998). Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, only finishing within the top ten twice. Jessica Garlick in 2002 finished joint third and Jade Ewen in 2009 finished fifth, Ewen in particular was praised after her performance of`` It's My Time'' for ending the run of poor results the country had suffered for much of the decade.", "title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"De vogels van Holland\" (\"The birds of Holland\") was the first Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (the only edition of the contest at which two entries per country were allowed). It was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt and performed in Dutch by Jetty Paerl. The song is particularly significant for being the first song performed in Eurovision Song Contest history, and the first of many to sing the praises of the singer's homeland.", "title": "De vogels van Holland" } ]	The country where Anastasios Papaligouras got his Master's degree won the Eurovision song contest several times. What was their most recent winning year?	1997	[]	Title: Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986 Passage: Iceland was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, held in Bergen, Norway. It was the first time Iceland was represented in the contest. Title: Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest Passage: Ireland has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 53 times since making its debut at the 1965 Contest in Naples, missing only two contests since then ( and ). The contest final is broadcast in Ireland on RTÉ One. Ireland is the most successful country in the contest, with a record total of seven wins, and is the only country to have won three times consecutively. Title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest Passage: The United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 60 times and is one of the most successful countries to compete in the contest. They first participated in the second contest in 1957. The UK has entered every year since 1959, and has won the contest a total of five times. Along with Sweden, the UK is one of only two countries with Eurovision victories in four different decades. The United Kingdom is one of the ``Big 5 '', along with France, Germany, Italy and Spain who are automatically allowed to participate in the final as they are the five biggest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The British public broadcaster, the BBC, broadcasts the event each year and organises the national selection for the entry. Title: Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 Passage: Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song "Bailar pegados". Title: J'aime la vie Passage: "J'aime la vie" (, "I Love Life") was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, performed for Belgium by Sandra Kim. Belgium had finished the 1985 Contest in last place, and thus achieved the rare turnaround from last to first in the space of one year. The song also marks the only time to date that Belgium has won the Contest. The song was also released on Kim's album "J'aime la vie" in 1986. Title: 2011 Aikido World Championships Passage: The 2011 Aikido World Championships was held at the Brunel University in London, United Kingdom from 11 to 14 August. Title: Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1992 Passage: Iceland sent Heart 2 Heart with the song "Nei eða já" to the Eurovision Song Contest 1992 in Malmö, Sweden, after they won the Icelandic national final. Title: Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961 Passage: Spain took part in the Eurovision Song Contest for the first time in 1961. The country was represented by Conchita Bautista with the song "Estando Contigo", written by Antonio Guijarro and Augusto Algueró. The song was chosen through a national final. Title: Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Passage: The Eurovision Song Contest 2018 was the 63rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place for the first time in Portugal following the country's first victory at the 2017 contest in Kiev, Ukraine with the song ``Amar pelos dois '', performed by Salvador Sobral. The contest was held at the Altice Arena in Lisbon, and consisted of two semi-finals on 8 and 10 May, and the final on 12 May 2018. The three live shows were hosted by Filomena Cautela, Sílvia Alberto, Daniela Ruah and Catarina Furtado. Title: Anastasios Papaligouras Passage: Born in Athens, Papaligouras studied law at the University of Athens and took a Masters in Comparative European Law at Brunel University, London. He was leader of ONNED (the New Democracy youth organisation) from 1976 to 1977. From 1976 to 1978, he was a member of the New Democracy Executive Committee, and from 1976 to 1981 he was a member of the New Democracy Administrative Committee. He was elected MP for Korinthia in the general elections of 1981, 1985, 1993, 1996 and 2000. Title: Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Passage: Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Country Czech Republic National selection Selection process Eurovision Song CZ Selection date (s) 29 January 2018 Selected entrant Mikolas Josef Selected song ``Lie to Me ''Selected songwriter (s) Mikolas Josef Finals performance Semi-final result Qualified (3rd, 232 points) Final result 6th, 281 points Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄ 2017 2018 2019 ► Title: Eurovision Song Contest 1989 Passage: The Eurovision Song Contest 1989 was the 34th annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held on 6 May 1989 in Lausanne, Switzerland, after Celine Dion's victory in Dublin the previous year. The program was presented by Lolita Morena and Jacques Deschenaux. Riva, representing Yugoslavia, won with the song "Rock Me". This was the only victory for Yugoslavia as a unified state. Title: Melodifestivalen 1974 Passage: Melodifestivalen 1974 was the selection for the 15th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 14th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 10 songwriters were selected by SR for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio. ABBA went on to win that year's Eurovision Song Contest in Brighton, Sweden's first Eurovision win. Title: Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest Passage: Cyprus has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times since making its debut in 1981. Cyprus' first entry was the group Island, who finished sixth. The country's best result in the contest is a second - place finish with Eleni Foureira in 2018. Title: Greece Passage: Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times after its debut at the 1974 Contest. In 2005, Greece won with the song "My Number One", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou. The song received 230 points with 10 sets of 12 points from Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Albania, Cyprus, Serbia & Montenegro, Sweden and Germany and also became a smash hit in different countries and especially in Greece. The 51st Eurovision Song Contest was held in Athens at the Olympic Indoor Hall of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Maroussi, with hosted by Maria Menounos and Sakis Rouvas. Title: Eurovision Song Contest 1956 Passage: The Eurovision Song Contest 1956 was the first edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest, held at the Teatro Kursaal in Lugano, Switzerland on Thursday 24 May. Title: De vogels van Holland Passage: "De vogels van Holland" ("The birds of Holland") was the first Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (the only edition of the contest at which two entries per country were allowed). It was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt and performed in Dutch by Jetty Paerl. The song is particularly significant for being the first song performed in Eurovision Song Contest history, and the first of many to sing the praises of the singer's homeland. Title: Melodifestivalen 1992 Passage: Melodifestivalen 1992 was the selection for the 32nd song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 31st time that this system of picking a song had been used. 1,544 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on Kanal 1 and Sveriges Radio's P3 network. Christer Björkman's result at Eurovision was Sweden's worst since 1977, until 2003 the worst result of a Eurovision host country. The show was watched by 5,376,000 people. Title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest Passage: Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 (11th) and 1987 (13th), with their five winners being Sandie Shaw with the song ``Puppet on a String ''in 1967, Lulu with`` Boom Bang - a-Bang'' in 1969 (tied), Brotherhood of Man with ``Save Your Kisses for Me ''in 1976, Bucks Fizz with`` Making Your Mind Up'' in 1981 and Katrina and the Waves with ``Love, Shine a Light ''in 1997. In addition, the UK has finished as runner - up on a record 15 occasions; including Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson (1959), Matt Monro (1964), Kathy Kirby (1965), Cliff Richard (1968), Mary Hopkin (1970), The New Seekers (1972), Scott Fitzgerald (1988), Michael Ball (1992), Sonia (1993) and Imaani (1998). Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, only finishing within the top ten twice. Jessica Garlick in 2002 finished joint third and Jade Ewen in 2009 finished fifth, Ewen in particular was praised after her performance of`` It's My Time'' for ending the run of poor results the country had suffered for much of the decade. Title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Passage: Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Country United Kingdom National selection Selection process Eurovision: You Decide Selection date (s) 7 February 2018 Selected entrant SuRie Selected song ``Storm ''Selected songwriter (s) Nicole Blair Gil Lewis Sean Hargreaves Finals performance Final result 24th, 48 points United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄ 2017 2018	[ "Anastasios Papaligouras", "2011 Aikido World Championships", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest" ]
2hop__131509_83815	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cheaha Mountain / ˈtʃiːhɔː /, often called Mount Cheaha, is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located a few miles northwest of the town of Delta in Cheaha State Park, which offers a lodge, a restaurant, and other amenities.", "title": "Cheaha Mountain" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hawaiʻi The Big Island Landsat mosaic, 1999 -- 2001 Location in the state of Hawaii Geography Location 19 ° 34 ′ N 155 ° 30 ′ W / 19.567 ° N 155.500 ° W / 19.567; - 155.500 Archipelago Hawaiian Islands Area 4,028 sq mi (10,430 km) Area rank 75th, largest island in the United States - 1st Highest elevation 13,803 ft (4,207.2 m) Highest point Mauna Kea Administration United States State Hawaii Symbols Flower Red Pua Lehua (ʻOhiʻa blossom) Color ʻUlaʻula (red) Largest settlement Hilo Demographics Population 185,079 (2010) Pop. density 46 / sq mi (17.8 / km)", "title": "Hawaii (island)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arriving in Barcelona, Langdon and Ambra go to Casa Milà, where they search for the poem. Langdon learns that Kirsch was dying of pancreatic cancer, prompting a rushed release of the presentation. Though he first thinks the poem is by Friedrich Nietzsche, he soon finds a box supposedly containing a book of the complete works of artist William Blake, who was also a poet specializing in prophecies. The box is empty except for a slip stating that Kirsch donated the book to Sagrada Família, leaving it open at a specific page. Soon the police arrive and, as Ambra tries to explain she wasn't kidnapped, Kirsch's phone is destroyed in the chaos. Ambra's guards arrive in a helicopter and get her and Langdon to safety. Langdon assures Ambra that he can find Winston's physical location and she makes her guards take them to Sagrada Familia under threat of dismissal.", "title": "Origin (Brown novel)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Locations, all within Metro Detroit, included Highland Park, Center Line, Warren, Royal Oak, and Grosse Pointe Park were used. The house depicting Walt Kowalski's house is on Rhode Island Street in Highland Park. The Hmong gang house is located on Pilgrim Street in Highland Park. The house depicting the residence of one of Walt's sons is on Ballantyne Road in Grosse Pointe Shores. The church used in the film, Saint Ambrose Roman Catholic Church, is in Grosse Pointe Park. The hardware store, Pointe Hardware, is also in Grosse Pointe Park. VFW Post 6756, used as the location where Walt meets friends to drink alcohol, is in Center Line.", "title": "Gran Torino" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elk Lick Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,293 at the 2000 census. Mount Davis, the highest point in Pennsylvania, is located within the township.", "title": "Elk Lick Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Korovin Volcano is the highest point on Atka Island in the Aleutian Islands chain Alaska, United States. Korovin is a side vent to the main Atka shield volcano. However, Korovin is the highest point on the island.", "title": "Korovin Volcano" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crawford Corners or Crawfords Corner is an unincorporated community located within Holmdel Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The settlement is located at the intersection of Holmdel Road (County Route 4) and Crawfords Corners Road in the hilly northern portion of the township. The settlement is located about from Crawford Hill, the highest point in Monmouth County. The area also includes the township's town hall, police department, and high school in addition to a New Jersey State Police barracks and the PNC Bank Arts Center off the Garden State Parkway. These buildings and landmarks comprise the eastern section of the settlement, homes and heavily treed lands are located on the west side of Holmdel Road, and Holmdel Park makes up the southern portion of the area.", "title": "Crawford Corners, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Point No Point is an outcropping of land on the northeast point of the Kitsap Peninsula in Washington, the United States. It was the location of the signing of the Point No Point Treaty and is the site of the Point No Point Light. It was named by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition of Puget Sound in 1841.", "title": "Point No Point" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Langdon Court is a former manor house, in Wembury, South Devon, England. It consists of a single courtyard mansion from 1693 and a walled formal garden. The house is a Grade II* listed building, and the garden is Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. It is currently used as the Langdon Court Hotel. Now owned by the Ede family the hotel has transformed into a luxury boutique hotel.", "title": "Langdon Court, Devon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Langdon House is a historic house on the eastern side of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located along Eastern Avenue, it is a frame house with weatherboarded walls, built in the Steamboat Gothic style. It was erected in 1855 in the village of Columbia, which has since been annexed to the city of Cincinnati. Seven years after it was constructed, its owner, Henry Langdon, joined the 79th Ohio Infantry to fight in the Civil War. After his return in 1865, Langdon returned to his Columbia house; there he maintained a medical practice until his 1876 death.", "title": "Langdon House" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points.", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by elevation" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boistfort Peak, also called Baw Faw Peak is a peak in the Willapa Hills in Washington state. The summit was once the site of a fire lookout and is the highest point in the Willapa Hills.", "title": "Boistfort Peak" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carpenterville is an unincorporated community in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It is located on the former alignment of U.S. Route 101 known as the Roosevelt Highway (now Oregon Route 255 or the Carpenterville Highway), about 16 miles north of Brookings. Carpenterville was the highest point on the former main coastal highway and the area is known for its views.", "title": "Carpenterville, Oregon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Campbell Hill is, at 1,550 feet (470 m), the highest point in elevation in the U.S. state of Ohio. Campbell Hill is located within the city of Bellefontaine, 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of downtown.", "title": "Campbell Hill (Ohio)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Selapiu Island is an island of Papua New Guinea, located immediately south of the corner of New Hanover Island. According to the United States Naval Oceanographic Office, a \"cylindrical concrete beacon, surmounted by a pole and a square, high, marks the south edge of the reef that extends from the east extremity of Selapiu Island.\" Its highest point is .", "title": "Selapiu Island" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Sister is the highest independent mountain completely within Lyon County in Nevada, United States. It is located within the Sweetwater Mountains just a short distance north of the highest point in Lyon County on the northeast ridge of Middle Sister. The peak is within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.", "title": "East Sister (Nevada)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sugar Pine Point Light was a small lighthouse located on Lake Tahoe, in El Dorado County, California, in the United States. The tower no longer stands, but a small post light marks the site. It is located within the bounds of Ed Z'berg Sugar Pine Point State Park.", "title": "Sugar Pine Point Light" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mummy Mountain is the second highest peak of the Spring Mountains in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is the twentieth highest mountain in the state. The mountain is located within the Mount Charleston Wilderness and the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.", "title": "Mummy Mountain (Nevada)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somers Mansion is a historic house at Shore Road and Somers Point Circle in Somers Point, Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.", "title": "Somers Mansion" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.", "title": "Tennessee" } ]	What is the highest point of the state governing Langdon House?	Campbell Hill	[]	Title: Hawaii (island) Passage: Hawaiʻi The Big Island Landsat mosaic, 1999 -- 2001 Location in the state of Hawaii Geography Location 19 ° 34 ′ N 155 ° 30 ′ W / 19.567 ° N 155.500 ° W / 19.567; - 155.500 Archipelago Hawaiian Islands Area 4,028 sq mi (10,430 km) Area rank 75th, largest island in the United States - 1st Highest elevation 13,803 ft (4,207.2 m) Highest point Mauna Kea Administration United States State Hawaii Symbols Flower Red Pua Lehua (ʻOhiʻa blossom) Color ʻUlaʻula (red) Largest settlement Hilo Demographics Population 185,079 (2010) Pop. density 46 / sq mi (17.8 / km) Title: List of U.S. states and territories by elevation Passage: Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points. Title: Point No Point Passage: Point No Point is an outcropping of land on the northeast point of the Kitsap Peninsula in Washington, the United States. It was the location of the signing of the Point No Point Treaty and is the site of the Point No Point Light. It was named by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition of Puget Sound in 1841. Title: Mummy Mountain (Nevada) Passage: Mummy Mountain is the second highest peak of the Spring Mountains in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is the twentieth highest mountain in the state. The mountain is located within the Mount Charleston Wilderness and the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. Title: Selapiu Island Passage: Selapiu Island is an island of Papua New Guinea, located immediately south of the corner of New Hanover Island. According to the United States Naval Oceanographic Office, a "cylindrical concrete beacon, surmounted by a pole and a square, high, marks the south edge of the reef that extends from the east extremity of Selapiu Island." Its highest point is . Title: Gran Torino Passage: Locations, all within Metro Detroit, included Highland Park, Center Line, Warren, Royal Oak, and Grosse Pointe Park were used. The house depicting Walt Kowalski's house is on Rhode Island Street in Highland Park. The Hmong gang house is located on Pilgrim Street in Highland Park. The house depicting the residence of one of Walt's sons is on Ballantyne Road in Grosse Pointe Shores. The church used in the film, Saint Ambrose Roman Catholic Church, is in Grosse Pointe Park. The hardware store, Pointe Hardware, is also in Grosse Pointe Park. VFW Post 6756, used as the location where Walt meets friends to drink alcohol, is in Center Line. Title: Langdon House Passage: The Langdon House is a historic house on the eastern side of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located along Eastern Avenue, it is a frame house with weatherboarded walls, built in the Steamboat Gothic style. It was erected in 1855 in the village of Columbia, which has since been annexed to the city of Cincinnati. Seven years after it was constructed, its owner, Henry Langdon, joined the 79th Ohio Infantry to fight in the Civil War. After his return in 1865, Langdon returned to his Columbia house; there he maintained a medical practice until his 1876 death. Title: Sugar Pine Point Light Passage: The Sugar Pine Point Light was a small lighthouse located on Lake Tahoe, in El Dorado County, California, in the United States. The tower no longer stands, but a small post light marks the site. It is located within the bounds of Ed Z'berg Sugar Pine Point State Park. Title: Origin (Brown novel) Passage: Arriving in Barcelona, Langdon and Ambra go to Casa Milà, where they search for the poem. Langdon learns that Kirsch was dying of pancreatic cancer, prompting a rushed release of the presentation. Though he first thinks the poem is by Friedrich Nietzsche, he soon finds a box supposedly containing a book of the complete works of artist William Blake, who was also a poet specializing in prophecies. The box is empty except for a slip stating that Kirsch donated the book to Sagrada Família, leaving it open at a specific page. Soon the police arrive and, as Ambra tries to explain she wasn't kidnapped, Kirsch's phone is destroyed in the chaos. Ambra's guards arrive in a helicopter and get her and Langdon to safety. Langdon assures Ambra that he can find Winston's physical location and she makes her guards take them to Sagrada Familia under threat of dismissal. Title: Carpenterville, Oregon Passage: Carpenterville is an unincorporated community in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It is located on the former alignment of U.S. Route 101 known as the Roosevelt Highway (now Oregon Route 255 or the Carpenterville Highway), about 16 miles north of Brookings. Carpenterville was the highest point on the former main coastal highway and the area is known for its views. Title: Cheaha Mountain Passage: Cheaha Mountain / ˈtʃiːhɔː /, often called Mount Cheaha, is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located a few miles northwest of the town of Delta in Cheaha State Park, which offers a lodge, a restaurant, and other amenities. Title: Campbell Hill (Ohio) Passage: Campbell Hill is, at 1,550 feet (470 m), the highest point in elevation in the U.S. state of Ohio. Campbell Hill is located within the city of Bellefontaine, 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of downtown. Title: Elk Lick Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania Passage: Elk Lick Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,293 at the 2000 census. Mount Davis, the highest point in Pennsylvania, is located within the township. Title: Somers Mansion Passage: Somers Mansion is a historic house at Shore Road and Somers Point Circle in Somers Point, Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. Title: Langdon Court, Devon Passage: Langdon Court is a former manor house, in Wembury, South Devon, England. It consists of a single courtyard mansion from 1693 and a walled formal garden. The house is a Grade II* listed building, and the garden is Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. It is currently used as the Langdon Court Hotel. Now owned by the Ede family the hotel has transformed into a luxury boutique hotel. Title: Boistfort Peak Passage: Boistfort Peak, also called Baw Faw Peak is a peak in the Willapa Hills in Washington state. The summit was once the site of a fire lookout and is the highest point in the Willapa Hills. Title: Crawford Corners, New Jersey Passage: Crawford Corners or Crawfords Corner is an unincorporated community located within Holmdel Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The settlement is located at the intersection of Holmdel Road (County Route 4) and Crawfords Corners Road in the hilly northern portion of the township. The settlement is located about from Crawford Hill, the highest point in Monmouth County. The area also includes the township's town hall, police department, and high school in addition to a New Jersey State Police barracks and the PNC Bank Arts Center off the Garden State Parkway. These buildings and landmarks comprise the eastern section of the settlement, homes and heavily treed lands are located on the west side of Holmdel Road, and Holmdel Park makes up the southern portion of the area. Title: East Sister (Nevada) Passage: East Sister is the highest independent mountain completely within Lyon County in Nevada, United States. It is located within the Sweetwater Mountains just a short distance north of the highest point in Lyon County on the northeast ridge of Middle Sister. The peak is within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. Title: Korovin Volcano Passage: Korovin Volcano is the highest point on Atka Island in the Aleutian Islands chain Alaska, United States. Korovin is a side vent to the main Atka shield volcano. However, Korovin is the highest point on the island. Title: Tennessee Passage: The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.	[ "Langdon House", "Campbell Hill (Ohio)" ]
3hop1__765406_780678_366897	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television.", "title": "Iranian Embassy siege" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.", "title": "Armenia–Singapore relations" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Fago began his cinema career in 1959 as assistant director of, among others, Mario Monicelli, Camillo Mastrocinque, Vittorio De Sica, Renato Castellani, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Lucio Fulci. In 1967 he became a director, consecutively filming three spaghetti westerns, \"Per 100.000 dollari ti ammazzo\", \"Uno di più all'inferno\" and \"O' Cangaçeiro\". During the 1970s and the 1980s he focused primarily on television works.", "title": "Giovanni Fago" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Todd Ipson (born July 28, 1972) is an American director, screenwriter, producer, fashion photographer and licensed physician and surgeon. Transitioning from surgical residency to the USC School of Cinematic Arts in 1999, he went on to form Asgaard Entertainment as well as write/direct the theatrically released feature films \"Unrest\" and \"Everybody Wants to be Italian\".", "title": "Jason Todd Ipson" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claude Buffier (25 May 1661 – 17 May 1737), French philosopher, historian and teacher, was born in Poland of French parents, who returned to France and settled in Rouen soon after his birth.", "title": "Claude Buffier" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.", "title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.", "title": "Germany–Norway relations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leo Fleider (October 12, 1913 in Hermanowa, Poland - August 5, 1977 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Polish born Argentine film director and screenwriter, and one of the influential directors in the Cinema of Argentina of the classic era.", "title": "Leo Fleider" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.", "title": "Nigerian passport" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamieson Place is a residential neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood is named for Colonel F.C. Jamieson (1875-1966), Edmonton lawyer, colonel in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during WWI and Alberta Conservative MLA 1931-1935.", "title": "Jamieson Place, Edmonton" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "We Want the Colonels () is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. It was entered in the 1973 Cannes Film Festival. It is a satire of the attempted far-right Borghese Coup.", "title": "We Want the Colonels" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Beijing (or British Embassy, Beijing) is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in the People's Republic of China. It is one of Britain's largest overseas embassies. It is located at \"11 Guang Hua Lu\", in the Chaoyang District. The current British Ambassador to China is Barbara Woodward.", "title": "Embassy of the United Kingdom, Beijing" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Embassy in Malabo is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, in the capital city of Malabo. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and Equatorial Guinea-United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Equatorial is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to Equatorial Guinea", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Malabo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Jordan (November 24, 1916, Krakow, Austria-Hungary – November 7, 2006) was a Poland-born American Lyrical expressionist painter, journalist and memoirist. His birth name and the cause of death are not currently known.", "title": "Paul Jordan (artist)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernadetta Blechacz (born July 30, 1955 in Kcynia, Kuyavian-Pomeranian) is a former javelin thrower from Poland, who set her personal best in 1979, throwing 62.76 metres. She competed for her native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR, finishing in ninth place (61.46 metres) in the overall-rankings.", "title": "Bernadetta Blechacz" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" } ]	What country has a Polish embassy and is the birthplace of the screenwriter for We Want the Colonels?	Italian Republic	[]	Title: Iranian Embassy siege Passage: The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country. Title: We Want the Colonels Passage: We Want the Colonels () is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. It was entered in the 1973 Cannes Film Festival. It is a satire of the attempted far-right Borghese Coup. Title: Nigerian passport Passage: Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate. Title: Claude Buffier Passage: Claude Buffier (25 May 1661 – 17 May 1737), French philosopher, historian and teacher, was born in Poland of French parents, who returned to France and settled in Rouen soon after his birth. Title: Embassy of Bulgaria, London Passage: The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed. Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Title: Embassy of Poland, Rome Passage: The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome. Title: List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France Passage: Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation. Title: Bernadetta Blechacz Passage: Bernadetta Blechacz (born July 30, 1955 in Kcynia, Kuyavian-Pomeranian) is a former javelin thrower from Poland, who set her personal best in 1979, throwing 62.76 metres. She competed for her native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR, finishing in ninth place (61.46 metres) in the overall-rankings. Title: Germany–Norway relations Passage: Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg. Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Embassy of the United States, Malabo Passage: The United States Embassy in Malabo is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, in the capital city of Malabo. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and Equatorial Guinea-United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Equatorial is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to Equatorial Guinea Title: Armenia–Singapore relations Passage: Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia. Title: Embassy of the United Kingdom, Beijing Passage: The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Beijing (or British Embassy, Beijing) is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in the People's Republic of China. It is one of Britain's largest overseas embassies. It is located at "11 Guang Hua Lu", in the Chaoyang District. The current British Ambassador to China is Barbara Woodward. Title: Jamieson Place, Edmonton Passage: Jamieson Place is a residential neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood is named for Colonel F.C. Jamieson (1875-1966), Edmonton lawyer, colonel in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during WWI and Alberta Conservative MLA 1931-1935. Title: Jason Todd Ipson Passage: Jason Todd Ipson (born July 28, 1972) is an American director, screenwriter, producer, fashion photographer and licensed physician and surgeon. Transitioning from surgical residency to the USC School of Cinematic Arts in 1999, he went on to form Asgaard Entertainment as well as write/direct the theatrically released feature films "Unrest" and "Everybody Wants to be Italian". Title: Leo Fleider Passage: Leo Fleider (October 12, 1913 in Hermanowa, Poland - August 5, 1977 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Polish born Argentine film director and screenwriter, and one of the influential directors in the Cinema of Argentina of the classic era. Title: Giovanni Fago Passage: Born in Rome, Fago began his cinema career in 1959 as assistant director of, among others, Mario Monicelli, Camillo Mastrocinque, Vittorio De Sica, Renato Castellani, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Lucio Fulci. In 1967 he became a director, consecutively filming three spaghetti westerns, "Per 100.000 dollari ti ammazzo", "Uno di più all'inferno" and "O' Cangaçeiro". During the 1970s and the 1980s he focused primarily on television works. Title: Paul Jordan (artist) Passage: Paul Jordan (November 24, 1916, Krakow, Austria-Hungary – November 7, 2006) was a Poland-born American Lyrical expressionist painter, journalist and memoirist. His birth name and the cause of death are not currently known.	[ "Giovanni Fago", "Embassy of Poland, Rome", "We Want the Colonels" ]
2hop__789064_90697	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Ministry of Health is one of the Federal Ministries of Nigeria concerned with the formulation and implementation of policies related to health. It is headed by a Minister appointed by the President, assisted by a Permanent Secretary, who is a career civil servant. The current Minister of Health is Prof. Isaac Folorunso Adewole.", "title": "Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ingrīda Circene (born 6 December 1956 in Rīga) is a Latvian politician, who served as the Minister for Health of Latvia. She is a member of Unity.", "title": "Ingrīda Circene" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helen Epstein (born 1961) is an American writer, molecular biologist, and independent consultant specializing in public health in developing countries. She has conducted research on reproductive health and AIDS in Africa for such organizations as the Rockefeller Foundation, the Population Council, and Human Rights Watch, and her articles have appeared in \"The New York Review of Books\", \"The New York Times Magazine\", \"Granta Magazine\", and many other publications. Her research interests include the right to health care in developing countries and the relationship between poverty and health in industrialized countries.", "title": "Helen Epstein (HIV/AIDS journalist)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Lee Boon Chye (; born 26 September 1959) is a Malaysian politician and currently serving as the Deputy Minister of Health of Malaysia. He is the incumbent Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Gopeng constituency in Perak. He is also a vice-president of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), a component party in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government coalition.", "title": "Lee Boon Chye" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali al-Shemari is an Iraqi politician from the Sadrist Movement who was the Health Minister of Iraq from May 20, 2006 until April 16, 2007.", "title": "Ali al-Shemari" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bujar Osmani (born September 11, 1979) is an ethnic Albanian politician from Macedonia, the former Minister of Health of the Republic of Macedonia, appointed in March 2008.", "title": "Bujar Osmani" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cabinet of Zambia: September 2016 -- Present Portrait Portfolio Incumbent President Commander - in - chief of the Armed Forces H.E. Edgar Lungu Vice President of Zambia H.E. Inonge Wina Minister of Agriculture Dora Siliya Minister of Chiefs and Traditional Affairs Lawrence Sichalwe Minister of Commerce, Trade and Industry Margaret Mwanakatwe Minister of Development planning Lucky Mulusa Minister of Community Development, Mother and Child Health TBA Minister of Defence Davies Chama Minister of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education Dennis Wachinga Minister of Higher Education Nkandu Luo Minister of Finance Felix Mutati Minister of Foreign Affairs Harry Kalaba Minister of Gender Victoria Kalima Minister of Health Chitalu Chilufya Minister of Home Affairs Steven Kampyongo Minister of Information and Broadcasting Services Chishimba Kambwili Minister of Justice Given Lubinda Minister of Labour and Social Security Joyce Nonde - Simukoko Minister of Land, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Jean Kapata Minister of Livestock and Fisheries Micheal Zondani Katambo Minister of Local Government and Housing Vincent Mwale Minister of Mines, Energy and Water Development Christopher Yaluma Minister of National Guidance and Religious Affairs Godfridah Sumaili Minister of Tourism and Arts TBA Minister of Transport and Communications Brian Mushimba Minister of Works and Supply Ronald Kaoma Chitotela Minister of Youth and Sports Moses Mawere Ex officio member Attorney General", "title": "Cabinet of Zambia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 12, 1983, the Canada Health Act was introduced by the Liberal government, under Trudeau, spearheaded by then Minister of Health Monique Bégin. As she noted, the government decided not to expand coverage (e.g., to mental health and public health), but instead to incorporate much of the language from the HIDS and Medical Care Acts. The Canada Health Act was passed unanimously by Parliament in 1984, and received Royal Assent on 1 April. Following election of a Conservative government under Brian Mulroney in September 1984, in June 1985, after consultation with the provinces, new federal Health Minister Jake Epp wrote a letter to his provincial counterparts that clarified and interpreted the criteria points and other parts of the new act.", "title": "Canada Health Act" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the US News & World Report's report on graduate programs, the University of Michigan School of Public Health was ranked as the # 4 School of Public Health in the country and also had the # 1 Healthcare Management program in the country in 2011.", "title": "University of Michigan School of Public Health" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "title": "Marisol Touraine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ministry of Health Coat of Arms of Uganda Ministry overview Type Ministry Jurisdiction Government of Uganda Headquarters 6 Lourdel Road, Wandegeya Kampala, Uganda Ministry executive Jane Aceng, Minister of Health Website Homepage", "title": "Ministry of Health (Uganda)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Louis Borloo (; born 7 April 1951 in Paris) is a French politician and was the leader of the Union of Democrats and Independents, and French Minister for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning (Regional Development) between 2007 and 2010. On 6 April 2014, he announced in a letter that he would resign from every mandate or responsibility, due to health reasons.", "title": "Jean-Louis Borloo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kitgum is a municipality in Kitgum District in the Northern Region of Uganda. The town is administered by Kitgum Town Council, an urban local government. It is the largest metropolitan area in the district and the site of the district headquarters.", "title": "Kitgum, Uganda" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Nduhura, sometimes spelled Richard Nduhuura, is a Ugandan politician, diplomat and veterinarian who currently serves as Uganda's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He was appointed to that position in August 2012. Prior to that, he served as State Minister for Health (General Duties) in the Ugandan Cabinet. He was appointed to that position on 1 June 2006. In the cabinet reshuffle of 16 February 2009, and that of 27 May 2011, he retained his cabinet post.", "title": "Richard Nduhura" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister. The current Minister of Defence, since 6 June 2016, is Adolf Mwesige. He is deputised by the Minister of State, currently Colonel Charles Engola Okello.", "title": "Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alain Bédouma Yoda (born 31 December 1951) is a Burkinabé politician. He served in the government of Burkina Faso as Minister of Transport and Tourism from 1997 to 2000, Minister of Trade from 2000 to 2002, Minister of Health from 2002 to 2008, and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Cooperation from 2008 to 2011. He was President of the Parliamentary Group of the Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) from 2013 to 2014.", "title": "Alain Bédouma Yoda" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Recep Akdağ (born 8 May 1960) is a Turkish physician and politician. He is a member of parliament for the province of Erzurum from the Justice and Development Party. He currently serves as the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey since 19 July 2017, and served as Minister of Health from 2016 to 2017, having previously served between 2002 and 2013.", "title": "Recep Akdağ" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Émile Lisbonne (20 June 1876 – 21 December 1947) was a French lawyer and Radical politician. He was briefly Minister of Health in 1933, and again for a few days in 1934.", "title": "Émile Lisbonne" } ]	Who is the current Minister of Health in the country where you can find Kitgum?	Jane Aceng	[]	Title: Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria) Passage: The Federal Ministry of Health is one of the Federal Ministries of Nigeria concerned with the formulation and implementation of policies related to health. It is headed by a Minister appointed by the President, assisted by a Permanent Secretary, who is a career civil servant. The current Minister of Health is Prof. Isaac Folorunso Adewole. Title: Ministry of Health (Uganda) Passage: Ministry of Health Coat of Arms of Uganda Ministry overview Type Ministry Jurisdiction Government of Uganda Headquarters 6 Lourdel Road, Wandegeya Kampala, Uganda Ministry executive Jane Aceng, Minister of Health Website Homepage Title: Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda) Passage: The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister. The current Minister of Defence, since 6 June 2016, is Adolf Mwesige. He is deputised by the Minister of State, currently Colonel Charles Engola Okello. Title: Ali al-Shemari Passage: Ali al-Shemari is an Iraqi politician from the Sadrist Movement who was the Health Minister of Iraq from May 20, 2006 until April 16, 2007. Title: Bujar Osmani Passage: Bujar Osmani (born September 11, 1979) is an ethnic Albanian politician from Macedonia, the former Minister of Health of the Republic of Macedonia, appointed in March 2008. Title: Canada Health Act Passage: On December 12, 1983, the Canada Health Act was introduced by the Liberal government, under Trudeau, spearheaded by then Minister of Health Monique Bégin. As she noted, the government decided not to expand coverage (e.g., to mental health and public health), but instead to incorporate much of the language from the HIDS and Medical Care Acts. The Canada Health Act was passed unanimously by Parliament in 1984, and received Royal Assent on 1 April. Following election of a Conservative government under Brian Mulroney in September 1984, in June 1985, after consultation with the provinces, new federal Health Minister Jake Epp wrote a letter to his provincial counterparts that clarified and interpreted the criteria points and other parts of the new act. Title: Prime minister Passage: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. Title: Helen Epstein (HIV/AIDS journalist) Passage: Helen Epstein (born 1961) is an American writer, molecular biologist, and independent consultant specializing in public health in developing countries. She has conducted research on reproductive health and AIDS in Africa for such organizations as the Rockefeller Foundation, the Population Council, and Human Rights Watch, and her articles have appeared in "The New York Review of Books", "The New York Times Magazine", "Granta Magazine", and many other publications. Her research interests include the right to health care in developing countries and the relationship between poverty and health in industrialized countries. Title: Richard Nduhura Passage: Richard Nduhura, sometimes spelled Richard Nduhuura, is a Ugandan politician, diplomat and veterinarian who currently serves as Uganda's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He was appointed to that position in August 2012. Prior to that, he served as State Minister for Health (General Duties) in the Ugandan Cabinet. He was appointed to that position on 1 June 2006. In the cabinet reshuffle of 16 February 2009, and that of 27 May 2011, he retained his cabinet post. Title: Alain Bédouma Yoda Passage: Alain Bédouma Yoda (born 31 December 1951) is a Burkinabé politician. He served in the government of Burkina Faso as Minister of Transport and Tourism from 1997 to 2000, Minister of Trade from 2000 to 2002, Minister of Health from 2002 to 2008, and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Cooperation from 2008 to 2011. He was President of the Parliamentary Group of the Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) from 2013 to 2014. Title: University of Michigan School of Public Health Passage: According to the US News & World Report's report on graduate programs, the University of Michigan School of Public Health was ranked as the # 4 School of Public Health in the country and also had the # 1 Healthcare Management program in the country in 2011. Title: Ingrīda Circene Passage: Ingrīda Circene (born 6 December 1956 in Rīga) is a Latvian politician, who served as the Minister for Health of Latvia. She is a member of Unity. Title: Lee Boon Chye Passage: Dr. Lee Boon Chye (; born 26 September 1959) is a Malaysian politician and currently serving as the Deputy Minister of Health of Malaysia. He is the incumbent Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Gopeng constituency in Perak. He is also a vice-president of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), a component party in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government coalition. Title: Cabinet of Zambia Passage: Cabinet of Zambia: September 2016 -- Present Portrait Portfolio Incumbent President Commander - in - chief of the Armed Forces H.E. Edgar Lungu Vice President of Zambia H.E. Inonge Wina Minister of Agriculture Dora Siliya Minister of Chiefs and Traditional Affairs Lawrence Sichalwe Minister of Commerce, Trade and Industry Margaret Mwanakatwe Minister of Development planning Lucky Mulusa Minister of Community Development, Mother and Child Health TBA Minister of Defence Davies Chama Minister of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education Dennis Wachinga Minister of Higher Education Nkandu Luo Minister of Finance Felix Mutati Minister of Foreign Affairs Harry Kalaba Minister of Gender Victoria Kalima Minister of Health Chitalu Chilufya Minister of Home Affairs Steven Kampyongo Minister of Information and Broadcasting Services Chishimba Kambwili Minister of Justice Given Lubinda Minister of Labour and Social Security Joyce Nonde - Simukoko Minister of Land, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Jean Kapata Minister of Livestock and Fisheries Micheal Zondani Katambo Minister of Local Government and Housing Vincent Mwale Minister of Mines, Energy and Water Development Christopher Yaluma Minister of National Guidance and Religious Affairs Godfridah Sumaili Minister of Tourism and Arts TBA Minister of Transport and Communications Brian Mushimba Minister of Works and Supply Ronald Kaoma Chitotela Minister of Youth and Sports Moses Mawere Ex officio member Attorney General Title: Portugal Passage: People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity. Title: Jean-Louis Borloo Passage: Jean-Louis Borloo (; born 7 April 1951 in Paris) is a French politician and was the leader of the Union of Democrats and Independents, and French Minister for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning (Regional Development) between 2007 and 2010. On 6 April 2014, he announced in a letter that he would resign from every mandate or responsibility, due to health reasons. Title: Recep Akdağ Passage: Recep Akdağ (born 8 May 1960) is a Turkish physician and politician. He is a member of parliament for the province of Erzurum from the Justice and Development Party. He currently serves as the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey since 19 July 2017, and served as Minister of Health from 2016 to 2017, having previously served between 2002 and 2013. Title: Émile Lisbonne Passage: Émile Lisbonne (20 June 1876 – 21 December 1947) was a French lawyer and Radical politician. He was briefly Minister of Health in 1933, and again for a few days in 1934. Title: Marisol Touraine Passage: Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve. Title: Kitgum, Uganda Passage: Kitgum is a municipality in Kitgum District in the Northern Region of Uganda. The town is administered by Kitgum Town Council, an urban local government. It is the largest metropolitan area in the district and the site of the district headquarters.	[ "Ministry of Health (Uganda)", "Kitgum, Uganda" ]
2hop__144065_62671	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bell Arthur (also known as Bellarthur) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pitt County, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 466 as of the 2010 census. Bell Arthur has a post office with ZIP code 27811.", "title": "Bell Arthur, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shawneehaw Creek is a stream in the North Carolina High Country and is named after a Cherokee word for a tree that blooms early in the Spring, the current name for the tree is Serviceberry, or sarvisberry, and is located in the town of Banner Elk. The headwaters begin from the Southeastern slopes of Beech Mountain in Watauga County, North Carolina and end at the Elk River in Avery County, North Carolina.The tree extend from North Carolina to Louisiana and Florida, and to 6000 feet.", "title": "Shawneehaw Creek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Bluethenthal, nicknamed \"Bluey\" (November 1, 1891 in Wilmington, North Carolina – June 5, 1918), was an All-American football player for Princeton University, who died in combat fighting for France in World War I.", "title": "Arthur Bluethenthal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fred Smith (born March 27, 1942 in Raleigh, NC) is a North Carolina politician who served in the North Carolina Senate and ran for Governor of North Carolina in 2008.", "title": "Fred Smith (North Carolina politician)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Graham is a city in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Burlington, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census the population was 14,153. It is the county seat of Alamance County.", "title": "Graham, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond Valley is the name of a neighborhood located on the South Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, the largest city in the United States. Richmond Valley is bordered on the north by Pleasant Plains, to the south by Tottenville, to the west by the Arthur Kill, and to the east by the Lower New York Bay.", "title": "Richmond Valley, Staten Island" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the region's primary airport and the second-largest in North Carolina, located northwest of downtown Raleigh via Interstate-40 between Raleigh and Durham, serves the city and greater Research Triangle metropolitan region, as well as much of eastern North Carolina. The airport offers service to more than 35 domestic and international destinations and serves approximately 10 million passengers a year. The airport also offers facilities for cargo and general aviation. The airport authority tripled the size of its Terminal 2 (formerly Terminal C) in January 2011.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wildwood, North Carolina is a small unincorporated community centered on the Wildwood Road, just west of the Morehead City, North Carolina town limits along US Highway 70, in Carteret County, North Carolina. Newport, North Carolina is the next closest town.", "title": "Wildwood, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, East Carolina University, Western Carolina University, Winston-Salem State University, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, UNC Wilmington, Elizabeth City State University, Appalachian State University, Fayetteville State University, and UNC School of the Arts, and . Along with its public universities, North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system.The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University, with more than 34,000 students. North Carolina is home to many excellent universities as well as dozens of community colleges and private universities.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerry Maxwell Reed (born October 8, 1955 in Bryson City, North Carolina), is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched for all or part of nine seasons between -.", "title": "Jerry Reed (baseball)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilmington International Airport (IATA: ILM, ICAO: KILM, FAA LID: ILM) is a public airport located just north of Wilmington, North Carolina, in unincorporated Wrightsboro, Cape Fear Township, New Hanover County. ILM covers 1,800 acres (728 ha).", "title": "Wilmington International Airport" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orangeburg Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) south of the central business district of Orangeburg, a city in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. The airport does not have scheduled commercial airline service.", "title": "Orangeburg Municipal Airport" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anson County Airport is a public airport located three miles (5 km) north of the central business district of Wadesboro, a town in Anson County, North Carolina, United States. It is owned by Anson County.", "title": "Anson County Airport" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WPAW (\"93.1 the Wolf\") is a country music radio station licensed to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and serving the Piedmont Triad region, which includes Greensboro and High Point. The Entercom outlet broadcasts at 93.1 MHz with an ERP of 100 kW. The station's studios are located near the Piedmont Triad International Airport, and a transmitter site is near Stokesdale, North Carolina.", "title": "WPAW" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darlington County Jetport is a county-owned, public-use airport located nine nautical miles (10 mi, 17 km) north of the central business district of Darlington, a city in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. The airport does not have scheduled commercial airline service.", "title": "Darlington County Jetport" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the \"City of Oaks\" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014. It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bundaberg Airport is a regional airport serving Bundaberg, a city in the Australian state of Queensland. It is located southwest of the city centre, on North Childers Road and Takalvan Street. The airport is owned and operated by the Bundaberg Regional Council. It is also known as Bundaberg Regional Airport.", "title": "Bundaberg Airport" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mahikeng Airport or Mmabatho Airport is an airport serving Mahikeng and Mmabatho, the current and former capital cities of the North West province in South Africa. The airport is widely known as Mafikeng Airport after Mahikeng's former name. The airport is managed by the North West Province Department of Transport and Roads. The airport is a former air force base of the Boputhatswana Defence Force and was previously classified as an international airport. As of 2014, discussions and construction was in progress in order for the airport to regain its status as an international airport.", "title": "Mahikeng Airport" } ]	What is the name of the airport in the city Arthur Bluethenthal was born in north carolina?	Wilmington International Airport	[ "KILM", "ILM" ]	Title: Wildwood, North Carolina Passage: Wildwood, North Carolina is a small unincorporated community centered on the Wildwood Road, just west of the Morehead City, North Carolina town limits along US Highway 70, in Carteret County, North Carolina. Newport, North Carolina is the next closest town. Title: Graham, North Carolina Passage: Graham is a city in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Burlington, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census the population was 14,153. It is the county seat of Alamance County. Title: Bell Arthur, North Carolina Passage: Bell Arthur (also known as Bellarthur) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pitt County, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 466 as of the 2010 census. Bell Arthur has a post office with ZIP code 27811. Title: Richmond Valley, Staten Island Passage: Richmond Valley is the name of a neighborhood located on the South Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, the largest city in the United States. Richmond Valley is bordered on the north by Pleasant Plains, to the south by Tottenville, to the west by the Arthur Kill, and to the east by the Lower New York Bay. Title: Orangeburg Municipal Airport Passage: Orangeburg Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) south of the central business district of Orangeburg, a city in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a "general aviation" facility. The airport does not have scheduled commercial airline service. Title: Mahikeng Airport Passage: Mahikeng Airport or Mmabatho Airport is an airport serving Mahikeng and Mmabatho, the current and former capital cities of the North West province in South Africa. The airport is widely known as Mafikeng Airport after Mahikeng's former name. The airport is managed by the North West Province Department of Transport and Roads. The airport is a former air force base of the Boputhatswana Defence Force and was previously classified as an international airport. As of 2014, discussions and construction was in progress in order for the airport to regain its status as an international airport. Title: Fred Smith (North Carolina politician) Passage: Fred Smith (born March 27, 1942 in Raleigh, NC) is a North Carolina politician who served in the North Carolina Senate and ran for Governor of North Carolina in 2008. Title: WPAW Passage: WPAW ("93.1 the Wolf") is a country music radio station licensed to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and serving the Piedmont Triad region, which includes Greensboro and High Point. The Entercom outlet broadcasts at 93.1 MHz with an ERP of 100 kW. The station's studios are located near the Piedmont Triad International Airport, and a transmitter site is near Stokesdale, North Carolina. Title: Raleigh, North Carolina Passage: Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the region's primary airport and the second-largest in North Carolina, located northwest of downtown Raleigh via Interstate-40 between Raleigh and Durham, serves the city and greater Research Triangle metropolitan region, as well as much of eastern North Carolina. The airport offers service to more than 35 domestic and international destinations and serves approximately 10 million passengers a year. The airport also offers facilities for cargo and general aviation. The airport authority tripled the size of its Terminal 2 (formerly Terminal C) in January 2011. Title: Jerry Reed (baseball) Passage: Jerry Maxwell Reed (born October 8, 1955 in Bryson City, North Carolina), is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched for all or part of nine seasons between -. Title: Anson County Airport Passage: Anson County Airport is a public airport located three miles (5 km) north of the central business district of Wadesboro, a town in Anson County, North Carolina, United States. It is owned by Anson County. Title: North Carolina Passage: In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, East Carolina University, Western Carolina University, Winston-Salem State University, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, UNC Wilmington, Elizabeth City State University, Appalachian State University, Fayetteville State University, and UNC School of the Arts, and . Along with its public universities, North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system.The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University, with more than 34,000 students. North Carolina is home to many excellent universities as well as dozens of community colleges and private universities. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority. Title: North Carolina Passage: In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city. Title: Darlington County Jetport Passage: Darlington County Jetport is a county-owned, public-use airport located nine nautical miles (10 mi, 17 km) north of the central business district of Darlington, a city in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a "general aviation" facility. The airport does not have scheduled commercial airline service. Title: Shawneehaw Creek Passage: The Shawneehaw Creek is a stream in the North Carolina High Country and is named after a Cherokee word for a tree that blooms early in the Spring, the current name for the tree is Serviceberry, or sarvisberry, and is located in the town of Banner Elk. The headwaters begin from the Southeastern slopes of Beech Mountain in Watauga County, North Carolina and end at the Elk River in Avery County, North Carolina.The tree extend from North Carolina to Louisiana and Florida, and to 6000 feet. Title: Raleigh, North Carolina Passage: Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014. It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County. Title: Arthur Bluethenthal Passage: Arthur Bluethenthal, nicknamed "Bluey" (November 1, 1891 in Wilmington, North Carolina – June 5, 1918), was an All-American football player for Princeton University, who died in combat fighting for France in World War I. Title: Bundaberg Airport Passage: Bundaberg Airport is a regional airport serving Bundaberg, a city in the Australian state of Queensland. It is located southwest of the city centre, on North Childers Road and Takalvan Street. The airport is owned and operated by the Bundaberg Regional Council. It is also known as Bundaberg Regional Airport. Title: Wilmington International Airport Passage: Wilmington International Airport (IATA: ILM, ICAO: KILM, FAA LID: ILM) is a public airport located just north of Wilmington, North Carolina, in unincorporated Wrightsboro, Cape Fear Township, New Hanover County. ILM covers 1,800 acres (728 ha).	[ "Arthur Bluethenthal", "Wilmington International Airport" ]
3hop1__136299_159891_63942	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Okanogan ( ; derived from Syilx'tsn: \"rendezvous\" or \"meeting place\") is a city in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,552 at the 2010 census, within the Greater Omak Area. It is the seat of Okanogan County.", "title": "Okanogan, Washington" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Well - known Missourians include U.S. President Harry S. Truman, Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry and Nelly. Some of the largest companies based in the state include Cerner, Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, H&R Block, Wells Fargo Advisors and O'Reilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the ``Mother of the West ''and the`` Cave State''; however, Missouri's most famous nickname is the ``Show Me State '', as Missourians are known for being skeptical.", "title": "Missouri" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A City Decides is a 1956 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim about the racial integration of St. Louis Public Schools. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.", "title": "A City Decides" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Humphrey Center, also known as Old Main, is an historic building located on the campus of Grand View University in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.", "title": "Humphrey Center" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John Kane House, also one of several places known as Washington's Headquarters, is located on East Main Street in Pawling, New York, United States. Built in the mid-18th century, it was home during that time to two men who confronted the authorities and were punished for it. During the Revolutionary War, George Washington used the house as his headquarters when the Continental Army was garrisoned in the area.", "title": "John Kane House" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esperance is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Esperance is an enclave of the city of Edmonds, WA. The population was 3,601 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Esperance, Washington" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, often referred to as simply Bobst Library or Bobst, is the main library at New York University in Manhattan, New York City. The library is located at 70 Washington Square South between LaGuardia Place and the Schwartz pedestrian plaza, across from the southeast corner of Washington Square Park. Opened on September 12, 1973, Bobst Library is named after its benefactor, Elmer Holmes Bobst who gave toward its completion. Bobst – a philanthropist who made his money in the pharmaceutical industry, and a confidant of U.S. President Richard Nixon – was a long-time trustee at New York University.", "title": "Elmer Holmes Bobst Library" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Longview Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States. The population was 3,851 at the 2010 Census. The CDP is known locally as Columbia Heights.", "title": "Longview Heights, Washington" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Washington Park is a high rise office building located on Washington Park at 1 Washington Street in Newark, New Jersey. Among the tallest buildings in the city, it is best known as the home of Rutgers Business School and Amazon's Audible.com.", "title": "One Washington Park" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, commonly known as Washington National Cathedral, is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The structure is of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century. It is both the second - largest church building in the United States, and the fourth - tallest structure in Washington, D.C. The cathedral is the seat of both the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Michael Bruce Curry, and the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington, Mariann Edgar Budde. Over 270,000 people visit the structure annually.", "title": "Washington National Cathedral" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. As of 2017, 24 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase \"in St. Louis\" in 1976.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Church of Saint Anne in the Vatican (), known as \"\" (), is a Roman Catholic parish church dedicated to Saint Anne in Vatican City. The church is the parish church of the State of Vatican City and is placed under the jurisdiction of the Vicariate of the Vatican City and is located beside the Porta Sant'Anna (Saint Anne's Gate), an international border crossing between Vatican City State and Italy.", "title": "Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Retsil is an unincorporated community in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. It is located on the Puget Sound, and is known for its veterans facilities. Retsil is located within the Parkwood Census-designated place (CDP).", "title": "Retsil, Washington" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Montana ExpoPark (formerly known as the North Montana State Fairgrounds) is a fairground located in the city of Great Falls, Montana, in the United States. The grounds contain 35 buildings, a horse racing track, grandstands, and the Four Seasons Arena—multi-purpose sports and exhibition arena. The site is the host of the Montana State Fair as well as agricultural shows, rodeos, basketball tournaments, and funfairs. The six original structures of the fairgrounds were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.", "title": "Montana ExpoPark" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Western State Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located at 9601 Steilacoom Boulevard SW in Lakewood, Washington. Administered by the Washington Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), it is a large facility with 806 beds, and Washington's second-oldest state-owned enterprise (after the University of Washington).", "title": "Western State Hospital (Washington)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quincy Point Fire Station is a historic fire station at 615 Washington Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. Built in 1941, it is the third firehouse to occupy the location, and is one of the city's finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "title": "Quincy Point Fire Station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as \"The Bush\" and are unconnected to the contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the University began to move west. The University Board of Directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot of Boston. A committee of Robert S. Brookings, Henry Ware Eliot, and William Huse found a site of 103 acres (41.7 ha) just beyond Forest Park, located west of the city limits in St. Louis County. The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of \"Hilltop\" campus, renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H. Danforth.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College Place is a city in Walla Walla County, Washington, United States next to Walla Walla, Washington. The population was 8,765 at the time of the 2010 census.", "title": "College Place, Washington" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bank of Everglades Building (also known as Everglades Vacation Rentals) was a bank in Everglades City, Florida, United States. It is located at 201 West Broadway. On July 15, 1999, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Bank of Everglades Building" } ]	What is the state the Washington University in the city A City Decides takes places known as?	Missourians are known for being skeptical.	[]	Title: Washington National Cathedral Passage: The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, commonly known as Washington National Cathedral, is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The structure is of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century. It is both the second - largest church building in the United States, and the fourth - tallest structure in Washington, D.C. The cathedral is the seat of both the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Michael Bruce Curry, and the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington, Mariann Edgar Budde. Over 270,000 people visit the structure annually. Title: One Washington Park Passage: One Washington Park is a high rise office building located on Washington Park at 1 Washington Street in Newark, New Jersey. Among the tallest buildings in the city, it is best known as the home of Rutgers Business School and Amazon's Audible.com. Title: Quincy Point Fire Station Passage: Quincy Point Fire Station is a historic fire station at 615 Washington Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. Built in 1941, it is the third firehouse to occupy the location, and is one of the city's finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Title: Esperance, Washington Passage: Esperance is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Esperance is an enclave of the city of Edmonds, WA. The population was 3,601 at the 2010 census. Title: A City Decides Passage: A City Decides is a 1956 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim about the racial integration of St. Louis Public Schools. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. Title: Bank of Everglades Building Passage: The Bank of Everglades Building (also known as Everglades Vacation Rentals) was a bank in Everglades City, Florida, United States. It is located at 201 West Broadway. On July 15, 1999, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Title: Longview Heights, Washington Passage: Longview Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States. The population was 3,851 at the 2010 Census. The CDP is known locally as Columbia Heights. Title: Humphrey Center Passage: The Humphrey Center, also known as Old Main, is an historic building located on the campus of Grand View University in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Title: Elmer Holmes Bobst Library Passage: The Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, often referred to as simply Bobst Library or Bobst, is the main library at New York University in Manhattan, New York City. The library is located at 70 Washington Square South between LaGuardia Place and the Schwartz pedestrian plaza, across from the southeast corner of Washington Square Park. Opened on September 12, 1973, Bobst Library is named after its benefactor, Elmer Holmes Bobst who gave toward its completion. Bobst – a philanthropist who made his money in the pharmaceutical industry, and a confidant of U.S. President Richard Nixon – was a long-time trustee at New York University. Title: Montana ExpoPark Passage: The Montana ExpoPark (formerly known as the North Montana State Fairgrounds) is a fairground located in the city of Great Falls, Montana, in the United States. The grounds contain 35 buildings, a horse racing track, grandstands, and the Four Seasons Arena—multi-purpose sports and exhibition arena. The site is the host of the Montana State Fair as well as agricultural shows, rodeos, basketball tournaments, and funfairs. The six original structures of the fairgrounds were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. Title: Alaska Passage: As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as "The Bush" and are unconnected to the contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. As of 2017, 24 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase "in St. Louis" in 1976. Title: Western State Hospital (Washington) Passage: Western State Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located at 9601 Steilacoom Boulevard SW in Lakewood, Washington. Administered by the Washington Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), it is a large facility with 806 beds, and Washington's second-oldest state-owned enterprise (after the University of Washington). Title: Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri Passage: The Church of Saint Anne in the Vatican (), known as "" (), is a Roman Catholic parish church dedicated to Saint Anne in Vatican City. The church is the parish church of the State of Vatican City and is placed under the jurisdiction of the Vicariate of the Vatican City and is located beside the Porta Sant'Anna (Saint Anne's Gate), an international border crossing between Vatican City State and Italy. Title: College Place, Washington Passage: College Place is a city in Walla Walla County, Washington, United States next to Walla Walla, Washington. The population was 8,765 at the time of the 2010 census. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the University began to move west. The University Board of Directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot of Boston. A committee of Robert S. Brookings, Henry Ware Eliot, and William Huse found a site of 103 acres (41.7 ha) just beyond Forest Park, located west of the city limits in St. Louis County. The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of "Hilltop" campus, renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H. Danforth. Title: John Kane House Passage: The John Kane House, also one of several places known as Washington's Headquarters, is located on East Main Street in Pawling, New York, United States. Built in the mid-18th century, it was home during that time to two men who confronted the authorities and were punished for it. During the Revolutionary War, George Washington used the house as his headquarters when the Continental Army was garrisoned in the area. Title: Retsil, Washington Passage: Retsil is an unincorporated community in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. It is located on the Puget Sound, and is known for its veterans facilities. Retsil is located within the Parkwood Census-designated place (CDP). Title: Missouri Passage: Well - known Missourians include U.S. President Harry S. Truman, Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry and Nelly. Some of the largest companies based in the state include Cerner, Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, H&R Block, Wells Fargo Advisors and O'Reilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the ``Mother of the West ''and the`` Cave State''; however, Missouri's most famous nickname is the ``Show Me State '', as Missourians are known for being skeptical. Title: Okanogan, Washington Passage: Okanogan ( ; derived from Syilx'tsn: "rendezvous" or "meeting place") is a city in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,552 at the 2010 census, within the Greater Omak Area. It is the seat of Okanogan County.	[ "Missouri", "A City Decides", "Washington University in St. Louis" ]
2hop__184467_634446	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College Swing, also known as Swing, Teacher, Swing in the U.K., is a 1938 comedy film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, and Bob Hope. The supporting cast features Edward Everett Horton, Ben Blue, Betty Grable, Jackie Coogan, John Payne, Robert Cummings, and Jerry Colonna.", "title": "College Swing" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fort Madison Toll Bridge (also known as the Santa Fe Swing Span Bridge for the old Santa Fe rail line) is a tolled, swinging truss bridge over the Mississippi River that connects Fort Madison, Iowa, and unincorporated Niota, Illinois. Rail traffic occupies the lower deck of the bridge, while two lanes of road traffic occupy the upper deck. The double-decker bridge, which is about a mile long with a swing span of , was the longest and largest double-deck swing-span bridge in the world at the time it was built. Completed in 1927, it replaced an inadequate combination roadway/single-track bridge completed in 1887. The main river crossing consists of four Baltimore through truss spans and a swing span made of two equal arms, long. In 1999, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places under the title, Fort Madison Bridge, ID number 99001035. It was also documented by the Library of Congress Historic American Engineering Record, survey number HAER IA-62. Construction and photographic details were recorded at the time in \"Scientific American\" magazine.", "title": "Fort Madison Toll Bridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ola Kvernberg (born 16 June 1981) is a Norwegian jazz musician known for his virtuosic string swing violin playing and his international performances. He is the son of traditional musicians Liv Rypdal Kvernberg and Torbjørn Kvernberg, and the brother of traditional musicians Kari Kvernberg Dajani and fiddler Jorun Marie Kvernberg, and grandson of the fiddler and traditional music composer Peter L. Rypdal. Kvernberg studied classical violin from the age of nine, and won 3rd prize in a great classical violin competition in Italy when he was fourteen.", "title": "Ola Kvernberg" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "William Lacy Swing (born September 11, 1934 in Lexington, North Carolina). He is a diplomat and former United States Ambassador, and United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Under Secretary General. He was the Director General of the International Organization for Migration until António Vitorino's appointment in 2018.", "title": "William L. Swing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ship was laid down as LCI(L)–976 on 15 March 1944 by the Consolidated Steel Corporation, Orange, Texas, launched on 10 April 1944, and commissioned on 5 May 1944, Lt. (j.g.) William C. Lawton in command.", "title": "USS Ortolan (AMCU-34)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Peoples Movement Club left the building, William L. Dawson used it as his political headquarters. From the 1950s onward, the building had mainly been used by churches. It is currently vacant and was placed on Preservation Chicago's list of the most endangered historic properties in the city.", "title": "Unity Hall" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital News is an American drama series that aired on ABC in 1990. Starring Lloyd Bridges and Helen Slater, \"Capital News\" was created by David Milch and Christian Williams.", "title": "Capital News" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William L. Distin (August 1789 – September 30, 1879) was a Canadian municipal politician. He was mayor of Hamilton, Ontario in 1849.", "title": "William L. Distin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the Foot of the Ladder is a 1912 American silent short romantic comedy written by Lloyd Lonergan. The film starred Mignon Anderson, William Garwood, Carey L. Hastings, Harry Chamberlain, and Riley Chamberlain.", "title": "At the Foot of the Ladder" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Workers Memorial in the national capital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's place for honouring workers who have died as a result of work-related accidents, incidents and disease.", "title": "National Workers Memorial (Australia)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dominick A. Flora (born June 12, 1935) is an American former college basketball standout at Washington and Lee University (W&L), located in Lexington, Virginia. Flora played for the W&L Generals from 1954–55 to 1957–58. Dom Flora was a native of Jersey City, New Jersey and played high school basketball for William L. Dickinson High School.", "title": "Dom Flora" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Samuel L. Smith House is located at 5035 Woodward Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as the Schools Annex. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.", "title": "Samuel L. Smith House" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is a member of the British royal family. He is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. Since birth, he has been second in the line to succeed his grandmother Elizabeth II, who is queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.", "title": "Prince William, Duke of Cambridge" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Active in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work \"humanism\" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. Potter was a minister from the Unitarian tradition and in 1930 he and his wife, Clara Cook Potter, published Humanism: A New Religion. Throughout the 1930s, Potter was an advocate of such liberal causes as, women’s rights, access to birth control, \"civil divorce laws\", and an end to capital punishment.", "title": "Humanism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.", "title": "Compact disc" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robbie Williams released a version of the song on his album Swing When You're Winning in 2001, which was used in the ending credits for the 2003 Disney Pixar animated film Finding Nemo.", "title": "Beyond the Sea (song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sonia Karlov (born 1908, date of death unknown) was an American dancer, stage, and motion picture actress from Syracuse, New York. Her birth name was Alma Jeanne Williams.", "title": "Sonia Karlov" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Media City Footbridge is a swing-mechanism footbridge over the Manchester Ship Canal near MediaCityUK. It is an asymmetric cable-stayed swing bridge.", "title": "Media City Footbridge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Gram Swing (March 25, 1887 – December 22, 1968) was an American print and broadcast journalist. He was one of the most influential news commentators of his era, heard by people worldwide as a leading American voice from Britain during World War II. Known originally as Raymond Swing, he adopted his wife's last name in 1919 and became known as Raymond Gram Swing.", "title": "Raymond Gram Swing" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Churchland is an unincorporated community in Boone Township, Davidson County, North Carolina located along North Carolina Highway 150 southwest of Lexington, North Carolina. Churchland Baptist Church and Churchland Elementary School are centered in the Churchland community. Churchland is protected by Churchland Volunteer Fire Department.", "title": "Churchland, North Carolina" } ]	The birthplace of William L. Swing is capital of what County?	Davidson County	[]	Title: Raymond Gram Swing Passage: Raymond Gram Swing (March 25, 1887 – December 22, 1968) was an American print and broadcast journalist. He was one of the most influential news commentators of his era, heard by people worldwide as a leading American voice from Britain during World War II. Known originally as Raymond Swing, he adopted his wife's last name in 1919 and became known as Raymond Gram Swing. Title: Media City Footbridge Passage: The Media City Footbridge is a swing-mechanism footbridge over the Manchester Ship Canal near MediaCityUK. It is an asymmetric cable-stayed swing bridge. Title: Samuel L. Smith House Passage: The Samuel L. Smith House is located at 5035 Woodward Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as the Schools Annex. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Title: National Workers Memorial (Australia) Passage: The National Workers Memorial in the national capital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's place for honouring workers who have died as a result of work-related accidents, incidents and disease. Title: Fort Madison Toll Bridge Passage: The Fort Madison Toll Bridge (also known as the Santa Fe Swing Span Bridge for the old Santa Fe rail line) is a tolled, swinging truss bridge over the Mississippi River that connects Fort Madison, Iowa, and unincorporated Niota, Illinois. Rail traffic occupies the lower deck of the bridge, while two lanes of road traffic occupy the upper deck. The double-decker bridge, which is about a mile long with a swing span of , was the longest and largest double-deck swing-span bridge in the world at the time it was built. Completed in 1927, it replaced an inadequate combination roadway/single-track bridge completed in 1887. The main river crossing consists of four Baltimore through truss spans and a swing span made of two equal arms, long. In 1999, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places under the title, Fort Madison Bridge, ID number 99001035. It was also documented by the Library of Congress Historic American Engineering Record, survey number HAER IA-62. Construction and photographic details were recorded at the time in "Scientific American" magazine. Title: College Swing Passage: College Swing, also known as Swing, Teacher, Swing in the U.K., is a 1938 comedy film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, and Bob Hope. The supporting cast features Edward Everett Horton, Ben Blue, Betty Grable, Jackie Coogan, John Payne, Robert Cummings, and Jerry Colonna. Title: Dom Flora Passage: Dominick A. Flora (born June 12, 1935) is an American former college basketball standout at Washington and Lee University (W&L), located in Lexington, Virginia. Flora played for the W&L Generals from 1954–55 to 1957–58. Dom Flora was a native of Jersey City, New Jersey and played high school basketball for William L. Dickinson High School. Title: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Passage: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is a member of the British royal family. He is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. Since birth, he has been second in the line to succeed his grandmother Elizabeth II, who is queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. Title: Beyond the Sea (song) Passage: Robbie Williams released a version of the song on his album Swing When You're Winning in 2001, which was used in the ending credits for the 2003 Disney Pixar animated film Finding Nemo. Title: William L. Swing Passage: William Lacy Swing (born September 11, 1934 in Lexington, North Carolina). He is a diplomat and former United States Ambassador, and United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Under Secretary General. He was the Director General of the International Organization for Migration until António Vitorino's appointment in 2018. Title: USS Ortolan (AMCU-34) Passage: The ship was laid down as LCI(L)–976 on 15 March 1944 by the Consolidated Steel Corporation, Orange, Texas, launched on 10 April 1944, and commissioned on 5 May 1944, Lt. (j.g.) William C. Lawton in command. Title: At the Foot of the Ladder Passage: At the Foot of the Ladder is a 1912 American silent short romantic comedy written by Lloyd Lonergan. The film starred Mignon Anderson, William Garwood, Carey L. Hastings, Harry Chamberlain, and Riley Chamberlain. Title: William L. Distin Passage: William L. Distin (August 1789 – September 30, 1879) was a Canadian municipal politician. He was mayor of Hamilton, Ontario in 1849. Title: Churchland, North Carolina Passage: Churchland is an unincorporated community in Boone Township, Davidson County, North Carolina located along North Carolina Highway 150 southwest of Lexington, North Carolina. Churchland Baptist Church and Churchland Elementary School are centered in the Churchland community. Churchland is protected by Churchland Volunteer Fire Department. Title: Ola Kvernberg Passage: Ola Kvernberg (born 16 June 1981) is a Norwegian jazz musician known for his virtuosic string swing violin playing and his international performances. He is the son of traditional musicians Liv Rypdal Kvernberg and Torbjørn Kvernberg, and the brother of traditional musicians Kari Kvernberg Dajani and fiddler Jorun Marie Kvernberg, and grandson of the fiddler and traditional music composer Peter L. Rypdal. Kvernberg studied classical violin from the age of nine, and won 3rd prize in a great classical violin competition in Italy when he was fourteen. Title: Unity Hall Passage: After the Peoples Movement Club left the building, William L. Dawson used it as his political headquarters. From the 1950s onward, the building had mainly been used by churches. It is currently vacant and was placed on Preservation Chicago's list of the most endangered historic properties in the city. Title: Humanism Passage: Active in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work "humanism" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. Potter was a minister from the Unitarian tradition and in 1930 he and his wife, Clara Cook Potter, published Humanism: A New Religion. Throughout the 1930s, Potter was an advocate of such liberal causes as, women’s rights, access to birth control, "civil divorce laws", and an end to capital punishment. Title: Sonia Karlov Passage: Sonia Karlov (born 1908, date of death unknown) was an American dancer, stage, and motion picture actress from Syracuse, New York. Her birth name was Alma Jeanne Williams. Title: Capital News Passage: Capital News is an American drama series that aired on ABC in 1990. Starring Lloyd Bridges and Helen Slater, "Capital News" was created by David Milch and Christian Williams. Title: Compact disc Passage: A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.	[ "William L. Swing", "Churchland, North Carolina" ]
2hop__2874_2913	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of \"TB clubs\", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studies on relationship between reduced stigma and mortality are lacking as of 2010, and similar efforts to decrease stigma surrounding AIDS have been minimally effective. Some have claimed the stigma to be worse than the disease, and healthcare providers may unintentionally reinforce stigma, as those with TB are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction.", "title": "Tuberculosis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tungalagiin Sanchir (, born April 8, 1989) is a Mongolian professional basketball player. He has played for the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association. He is considered to be one of the best Mongolian basketball players of today and has become the first Mongolian professional basketball player to play in a foreign league in the last 20 years. Before his stint with Ginebra, Sanchir played for Mon-Altius Madimos Falcons of the Mongolian National Basketball Association, the top basketball league in Mongolia.", "title": "Sanchir Tungalag" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.", "title": "Hinduism in India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area. Also, with the modernization of Newar Buddhism, various Theravada Bihars have been established.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa ( born Nemendeyen Yanjmaa, ; 15 February 1893 – 1 May 1962) was a Mongolian politician. As Chairperson of the Presidium of the State Great Khural, she became only the second woman in history to be elected or appointed head of state, and the first in a sovereign country. She was the widow of Mongolian revolutionary leader Damdin Sükhbaatar.", "title": "Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the \"Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas\"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna never had nor ever attempted to have a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism, and therefore each bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī adhering to the Mahāyāna formally belonged to an early school. This continues today with the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage in East Asia, and the Mūlasarvāstivāda ordination lineage in Tibetan Buddhism. Therefore Mahāyāna was never a separate rival sect of the early schools. From Chinese monks visiting India, we now know that both Mahāyāna and non-Mahāyāna monks in India often lived in the same monasteries side by side.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world. In the 2013 census, 55.0% of the population identified with one or more religions, including 49.0% identifying as Christians. Another 41.9% indicated that they had no religion. The main Christian denominations are, by number of adherents, Roman Catholicism (12.6%), Anglicanism (11.8%), Presbyterianism (8.5%) and \"Christian not further defined\" (i.e. people identifying as Christian but not stating the denomination, 5.5%). The Māori-based Ringatū and Rātana religions (1.4%) are also Christian in origin. Immigration and demographic change in recent decades has contributed to the growth of minority religions, such as Hinduism (2.1%), Buddhism (1.5%), Islam (1.2%) and Sikhism (0.5%). The Auckland Region exhibited the greatest religious diversity.", "title": "New Zealand" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two religions are widespread among the people of Tuva: Tibetan Buddhism and shamanism. Tibetan Buddhism's present-day spiritual leader is Tenzin Gyatso, the fourteenth Dalai Lama. In September 1992, the fourteenth Dalai Lama visited Tuva for three days. On September 20, he blessed and consecrated the new yellow-blue-white flag of Tuva, which had been officially adopted three days previously.The Tuvan people – along with the Yellow Uyghurs in China – are one of the only two Turkic groups who are mainly adherents to Tibetan Buddhism, combined with native shamanism.During the 16th and 17th centuries, Tibetan Buddhism gained popularity in Tuva. An increasing number of new and restored temples are coming into use, as well as novices being trained as monks and lamas. Religious practice declined under the restrictive policies of the Soviet period but is now flourishing.Shamanism is being revived as well, also in organized Tengrian forms.", "title": "Tuva" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.", "title": "Christian" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970. As required by the text, after twenty - five years, NPT Parties met in May 1995 and agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely. More countries have adhered to the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the treaty's significance. As of August 2016, 191 states have adhered to the treaty, though North Korea, which acceded in 1985 but never came into compliance, announced its withdrawal from the NPT in 2003, following detonation of nuclear devices in violation of core obligations. Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT, three of which are thought to possess nuclear weapons: India, Israel, and Pakistan. In addition, South Sudan, founded in 2011, has not joined.", "title": "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas).", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2011, 33% of Germans were not members of officially recognised religious associations with special status. Irreligion in Germany is strongest in the former East Germany, which used to be predominantly Protestant before state atheism, and major metropolitan areas.A 2017 estimate even shows that 37.0% of the German population were nonconfessional.Islam is the second largest religion in the country. In the 2011 census, 1.9% of the census population (1.52 million people) gave their religion as Islam, but this figure is deemed unreliable because a disproportionate number of adherents of this religion (and other religions, such as Judaism) are likely to have made use of their right not to answer the question. Figures from Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst suggest a figure of 4.4 to 4.7 million (around 5.5% of the population) in 2015. A study conducted by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees found that between 2011 and 2015 the Muslim population rose by 1.2 million people, mostly due to immigration. Most of the Muslims are Sunnis and Alevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shi'ites, Ahmadiyyas and other denominations.Other religions comprising less than one per cent of Germany's population are Buddhism with 270,000 adherents, Judaism with 200,000 adherents, and Hinduism with some 100,000 adherents. All other religious communities in Germany have fewer than 50,000 adherents each.", "title": "Germany" } ]	How many adherents does the type of Buddhism Tibeto-Mongolian is based on have?	360 million	[]	Title: Sanchir Tungalag Passage: Tungalagiin Sanchir (, born April 8, 1989) is a Mongolian professional basketball player. He has played for the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association. He is considered to be one of the best Mongolian basketball players of today and has become the first Mongolian professional basketball player to play in a foreign league in the last 20 years. Before his stint with Ginebra, Sanchir played for Mon-Altius Madimos Falcons of the Mongolian National Basketball Association, the top basketball league in Mongolia. Title: Buddhism Passage: There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna never had nor ever attempted to have a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism, and therefore each bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī adhering to the Mahāyāna formally belonged to an early school. This continues today with the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage in East Asia, and the Mūlasarvāstivāda ordination lineage in Tibetan Buddhism. Therefore Mahāyāna was never a separate rival sect of the early schools. From Chinese monks visiting India, we now know that both Mahāyāna and non-Mahāyāna monks in India often lived in the same monasteries side by side. Title: Buddhism Passage: Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. Title: Hinduism in India Passage: Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority. Title: Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa Passage: Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa ( born Nemendeyen Yanjmaa, ; 15 February 1893 – 1 May 1962) was a Mongolian politician. As Chairperson of the Presidium of the State Great Khural, she became only the second woman in history to be elected or appointed head of state, and the first in a sovereign country. She was the widow of Mongolian revolutionary leader Damdin Sükhbaatar. Title: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Passage: Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970. As required by the text, after twenty - five years, NPT Parties met in May 1995 and agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely. More countries have adhered to the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the treaty's significance. As of August 2016, 191 states have adhered to the treaty, though North Korea, which acceded in 1985 but never came into compliance, announced its withdrawal from the NPT in 2003, following detonation of nuclear devices in violation of core obligations. Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT, three of which are thought to possess nuclear weapons: India, Israel, and Pakistan. In addition, South Sudan, founded in 2011, has not joined. Title: Tuberculosis Passage: One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of "TB clubs", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studies on relationship between reduced stigma and mortality are lacking as of 2010, and similar efforts to decrease stigma surrounding AIDS have been minimally effective. Some have claimed the stigma to be worse than the disease, and healthcare providers may unintentionally reinforce stigma, as those with TB are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction. Title: Germany Passage: In 2011, 33% of Germans were not members of officially recognised religious associations with special status. Irreligion in Germany is strongest in the former East Germany, which used to be predominantly Protestant before state atheism, and major metropolitan areas.A 2017 estimate even shows that 37.0% of the German population were nonconfessional.Islam is the second largest religion in the country. In the 2011 census, 1.9% of the census population (1.52 million people) gave their religion as Islam, but this figure is deemed unreliable because a disproportionate number of adherents of this religion (and other religions, such as Judaism) are likely to have made use of their right not to answer the question. Figures from Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst suggest a figure of 4.4 to 4.7 million (around 5.5% of the population) in 2015. A study conducted by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees found that between 2011 and 2015 the Muslim population rose by 1.2 million people, mostly due to immigration. Most of the Muslims are Sunnis and Alevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shi'ites, Ahmadiyyas and other denominations.Other religions comprising less than one per cent of Germany's population are Buddhism with 270,000 adherents, Judaism with 200,000 adherents, and Hinduism with some 100,000 adherents. All other religious communities in Germany have fewer than 50,000 adherents each. Title: Tuva Passage: Two religions are widespread among the people of Tuva: Tibetan Buddhism and shamanism. Tibetan Buddhism's present-day spiritual leader is Tenzin Gyatso, the fourteenth Dalai Lama. In September 1992, the fourteenth Dalai Lama visited Tuva for three days. On September 20, he blessed and consecrated the new yellow-blue-white flag of Tuva, which had been officially adopted three days previously.The Tuvan people – along with the Yellow Uyghurs in China – are one of the only two Turkic groups who are mainly adherents to Tibetan Buddhism, combined with native shamanism.During the 16th and 17th centuries, Tibetan Buddhism gained popularity in Tuva. An increasing number of new and restored temples are coming into use, as well as novices being trained as monks and lamas. Religious practice declined under the restrictive policies of the Soviet period but is now flourishing.Shamanism is being revived as well, also in organized Tengrian forms. Title: Buddhism Passage: According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. Title: Buddhism Passage: Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. Title: Christian Passage: As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians. Title: Buddhism Passage: Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas). Title: Yuan dynasty Passage: There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language. Title: New Zealand Passage: Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world. In the 2013 census, 55.0% of the population identified with one or more religions, including 49.0% identifying as Christians. Another 41.9% indicated that they had no religion. The main Christian denominations are, by number of adherents, Roman Catholicism (12.6%), Anglicanism (11.8%), Presbyterianism (8.5%) and "Christian not further defined" (i.e. people identifying as Christian but not stating the denomination, 5.5%). The Māori-based Ringatū and Rātana religions (1.4%) are also Christian in origin. Immigration and demographic change in recent decades has contributed to the growth of minority religions, such as Hinduism (2.1%), Buddhism (1.5%), Islam (1.2%) and Sikhism (0.5%). The Auckland Region exhibited the greatest religious diversity. Title: Myanmar Passage: Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation. Title: Buddhism Passage: Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners. Title: Buddhism Passage: During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. Title: Kathmandu Passage: Legendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area. Also, with the modernization of Newar Buddhism, various Theravada Bihars have been established. Title: Buddhism Passage: According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.	[ "Buddhism", "Buddhism" ]
2hop__141962_841802	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "If You Want Me is the final solo studio album recorded by R&B and Gospel singer Carolyn Franklin (sister of Aretha Franklin) for RCA Records, in 1976.", "title": "If You Want Me" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also in 1985, she provided back - up vocals for The Human League front - man Philip Oakey's debut solo album, Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder. That same year, she appeared in the comedy film Better Off Dead, singing the songs ``One Way Love (Better Off Dead) ''and`` A Little Luck'' as a member of a band performing at a high school dance. Both songs were included on the soundtrack album credited to E.G. Daily. She performed a song on The Breakfast Club soundtrack called ``Waiting ''.", "title": "E. G. Daily" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"A Woman's Love\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. Jackson originally recorded the song on his 1998 album \"High Mileage\". This version was the b-side to the album's single \"Right on the Money\".", "title": "A Woman's Love" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Lord Loves the Drinkin 'Man ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Mark Chesnutt. It was released in July 2004 as the first single from the album Savin' the Honky Tonk. The song reached # 36 on the BillBoard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Kevin Fowler.", "title": "Savin' the Honky Tonk" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emotional History is MAX's fourth original studio album on original label, Avex Trax. The album comes three years after the release of their last studio album, \"Maximum Groove\" in 1998. It is their first album to contain songs written by the group themselves. The first track of the album, \"But My Love\" is a cover of a song by Key of Life and is credited to M&I. M&I is a collaboration between MAX and Issa of the group Da Pump who raps on the song. First press copies of the album came with a bonus track, \"Always Love (Groove That Soul Mix)\" remixed by GTS.", "title": "Emotional History" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"100 Yard Dash\" is a song by American recording artist Raphael Saadiq, released as a single on March 30, 2009, by Columbia Records. It was the second single from Saadiq's 2008 album \"The Way I See It\". \"100 Yard Dash\" is an upbeat soul song about love as a fast, impulsive race. Although it did not chart, the song was well received by music critics.", "title": "100 Yard Dash" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Soundtrack album by Various artists Released March 16, 2018 Genre Soundtrack indie pop Length 47: 24 Label RCA Sony Singles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) ``Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song) ''Released: 16 January 2018`` Love Lies'' Released: 14 February 2018", "title": "Love, Simon" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a Quiet Room is the eleventh album released by country music artist Dan Seals and his only album on the Intersound label. This album consists mostly of acoustic versions of songs featured on earlier albums, as well as two songs — \"I'd Really Love to See You Tonight\" and \"Love Is the Answer\" — that he originally recorded as one-half of the pop duo England Dan & John Ford Coley. \"I'd Really Love to See You Tonight\" remake and \"The Healin' Kind\" were both released as singles.", "title": "In a Quiet Room" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Love Make a Diamond Shine\" is a song written by Mike Dekle and Craig Wiseman, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Byrd. It was released in May 1997 as the third and final single from the album \"Big Love\". The song reached #19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Don't Love Make a Diamond Shine" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'll Never Be in Love Again\" is a song written by Bob Corbin, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in June 1987 as the fifth single from the album \"New Moves\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart", "title": "I'll Never Be in Love Again" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You is the 10th studio album by American singer Aretha Franklin. The record was released on March 10, 1967, by Atlantic Records.", "title": "I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Fool For Your Love\" is a song written by Don Singleton, and recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley. It was released in March 1983 as the first single and title track from the album \"Fool for Your Love\". The song was Mickey Gilley's sixteenth number one country single as a solo artist. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Fool for Your Love" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Love Me Now or Love Me Later\" is a 1980 song recorded by singer Marvin Gaye, who issued it on his final Motown release, \"In Our Lifetime\", in 1981. The song talked of a conversation between two Lords: \"The Good Lord\" and \"The Evil Lord\" in which after creating Earth brings upon man and have a heated discussion over what to do with him. The \"evil Lord\" wants control of the man while \"the good Lord\" insists on sharing him equally giving him the reason for love and understanding. When the man, presumably Marvin, messes up, the \"evil Lord\" fusses that he shouldn't have allowed \"the good Lord\" to \"give him reasons\" telling the man in question that he's \"got what the soul desires for mankind's flesh\" while the \"good Lord\" tells the man \"you can listen to me/I gave you reason for (love and life)\". This explains the cover of the album which depicts \"the Good Lord\" and \"the Evil Lord\" as clones of Marvin discussing over a table and is probably considered as the album's centerpiece. In the album's alternate version, cut from Odyssey Studios, found the singer reciting a prayer at the end of the song. The song's musical background was an evolution of an earlier recording, 1979's \"Just Because You're So Pretty\" for Marvin's aborted \"Love Man\" album.", "title": "Love Me Now or Love Me Later" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me ''is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the Hearsay singles`` Fake'', ``Criticize '',`` Never Knew Love Like This'', and ``The Lovers '',`` (What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me'' was released as the album's fifth single.", "title": "(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Richest Man on Earth\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Paul Overstreet. It was released in April 1990 as the fifth single from his album \"Sowin' Love\". The song reached #3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in August 1990. It was written by Overstreet and Don Schlitz.", "title": "Richest Man on Earth" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Never Knew Love Like This Before ''is a song written and produced by songwriters James Mtume and Reggie Lucas for American R&B recording artist Stephanie Mills' second studio album Sweet Sensation (1980).", "title": "Never Knew Love Like This Before" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aretha's Gold is a greatest hits album by Aretha Franklin, released in 1969 at Atlantic Recording Corporation. The album's tracks were recorded at Atlantic Studios, New York City, except \"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)\" and \"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\", which were recorded at the Fame Recording Studios, Muscle Shoals, Alabama.", "title": "Aretha's Gold" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Never Givin' Up on Love\" is a song written by Michael Smotherman, and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in April 1989 as the lead single from the album \"Land of Enchantment\". The song peaked at number 9 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and at number 21 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song also appears on the soundtrack of the 1989 Clint Eastwood film \"Pink Cadillac\".", "title": "Never Givin' Up on Love" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Moody's Mood for Love\" is a 1952 song by Eddie Jefferson, whose melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody on a 1949 recording of the 1935 song \"I'm in the Mood for Love\". It gained widespread popularity after being recorded in 1954 by singer King Pleasure. It has since been covered by many artists. Moody himself adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on the 1956 album \"Moody's Mood for Love\" and often singing the song himself in concert.", "title": "Moody's Mood for Love" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All is fair in love and war '', a proverb attributed to John Lyly's Euphues All Is Fair in Love and War (album), an album by Blessed by a Broken Heart`` All Is Fair in Love and War'' (song), a song by Ronnie Milsap", "title": "All Is Fair in Love and War" } ]	Who is the sibling of I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You's artist?	Carolyn Franklin	[]	Title: Never Knew Love Like This Before Passage: ``Never Knew Love Like This Before ''is a song written and produced by songwriters James Mtume and Reggie Lucas for American R&B recording artist Stephanie Mills' second studio album Sweet Sensation (1980). Title: Savin' the Honky Tonk Passage: ``The Lord Loves the Drinkin 'Man ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Mark Chesnutt. It was released in July 2004 as the first single from the album Savin' the Honky Tonk. The song reached # 36 on the BillBoard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Kevin Fowler. Title: Moody's Mood for Love Passage: "Moody's Mood for Love" is a 1952 song by Eddie Jefferson, whose melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody on a 1949 recording of the 1935 song "I'm in the Mood for Love". It gained widespread popularity after being recorded in 1954 by singer King Pleasure. It has since been covered by many artists. Moody himself adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on the 1956 album "Moody's Mood for Love" and often singing the song himself in concert. Title: I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You Passage: I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You is the 10th studio album by American singer Aretha Franklin. The record was released on March 10, 1967, by Atlantic Records. Title: Love, Simon Passage: Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Soundtrack album by Various artists Released March 16, 2018 Genre Soundtrack indie pop Length 47: 24 Label RCA Sony Singles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) ``Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song) ''Released: 16 January 2018`` Love Lies'' Released: 14 February 2018 Title: Never Givin' Up on Love Passage: "Never Givin' Up on Love" is a song written by Michael Smotherman, and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in April 1989 as the lead single from the album "Land of Enchantment". The song peaked at number 9 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart and at number 21 on the Canadian "RPM" Country Tracks chart. The song also appears on the soundtrack of the 1989 Clint Eastwood film "Pink Cadillac". Title: Love Me Now or Love Me Later Passage: "Love Me Now or Love Me Later" is a 1980 song recorded by singer Marvin Gaye, who issued it on his final Motown release, "In Our Lifetime", in 1981. The song talked of a conversation between two Lords: "The Good Lord" and "The Evil Lord" in which after creating Earth brings upon man and have a heated discussion over what to do with him. The "evil Lord" wants control of the man while "the good Lord" insists on sharing him equally giving him the reason for love and understanding. When the man, presumably Marvin, messes up, the "evil Lord" fusses that he shouldn't have allowed "the good Lord" to "give him reasons" telling the man in question that he's "got what the soul desires for mankind's flesh" while the "good Lord" tells the man "you can listen to me/I gave you reason for (love and life)". This explains the cover of the album which depicts "the Good Lord" and "the Evil Lord" as clones of Marvin discussing over a table and is probably considered as the album's centerpiece. In the album's alternate version, cut from Odyssey Studios, found the singer reciting a prayer at the end of the song. The song's musical background was an evolution of an earlier recording, 1979's "Just Because You're So Pretty" for Marvin's aborted "Love Man" album. Title: I'll Never Be in Love Again Passage: "I'll Never Be in Love Again" is a song written by Bob Corbin, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in June 1987 as the fifth single from the album "New Moves". The song reached number 4 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart Title: (What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me Passage: ``(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me ''is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the Hearsay singles`` Fake'', ``Criticize '',`` Never Knew Love Like This'', and ``The Lovers '',`` (What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me'' was released as the album's fifth single. Title: Richest Man on Earth Passage: "Richest Man on Earth" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Paul Overstreet. It was released in April 1990 as the fifth single from his album "Sowin' Love". The song reached #3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in August 1990. It was written by Overstreet and Don Schlitz. Title: Emotional History Passage: Emotional History is MAX's fourth original studio album on original label, Avex Trax. The album comes three years after the release of their last studio album, "Maximum Groove" in 1998. It is their first album to contain songs written by the group themselves. The first track of the album, "But My Love" is a cover of a song by Key of Life and is credited to M&I. M&I is a collaboration between MAX and Issa of the group Da Pump who raps on the song. First press copies of the album came with a bonus track, "Always Love (Groove That Soul Mix)" remixed by GTS. Title: Fool for Your Love Passage: "Fool For Your Love" is a song written by Don Singleton, and recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley. It was released in March 1983 as the first single and title track from the album "Fool for Your Love". The song was Mickey Gilley's sixteenth number one country single as a solo artist. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart. Title: E. G. Daily Passage: Also in 1985, she provided back - up vocals for The Human League front - man Philip Oakey's debut solo album, Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder. That same year, she appeared in the comedy film Better Off Dead, singing the songs ``One Way Love (Better Off Dead) ''and`` A Little Luck'' as a member of a band performing at a high school dance. Both songs were included on the soundtrack album credited to E.G. Daily. She performed a song on The Breakfast Club soundtrack called ``Waiting ''. Title: If You Want Me Passage: If You Want Me is the final solo studio album recorded by R&B and Gospel singer Carolyn Franklin (sister of Aretha Franklin) for RCA Records, in 1976. Title: Aretha's Gold Passage: Aretha's Gold is a greatest hits album by Aretha Franklin, released in 1969 at Atlantic Recording Corporation. The album's tracks were recorded at Atlantic Studios, New York City, except "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" and "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man", which were recorded at the Fame Recording Studios, Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Title: 100 Yard Dash Passage: "100 Yard Dash" is a song by American recording artist Raphael Saadiq, released as a single on March 30, 2009, by Columbia Records. It was the second single from Saadiq's 2008 album "The Way I See It". "100 Yard Dash" is an upbeat soul song about love as a fast, impulsive race. Although it did not chart, the song was well received by music critics. Title: All Is Fair in Love and War Passage: ``All is fair in love and war '', a proverb attributed to John Lyly's Euphues All Is Fair in Love and War (album), an album by Blessed by a Broken Heart`` All Is Fair in Love and War'' (song), a song by Ronnie Milsap Title: A Woman's Love Passage: "A Woman's Love" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. Jackson originally recorded the song on his 1998 album "High Mileage". This version was the b-side to the album's single "Right on the Money". Title: In a Quiet Room Passage: In a Quiet Room is the eleventh album released by country music artist Dan Seals and his only album on the Intersound label. This album consists mostly of acoustic versions of songs featured on earlier albums, as well as two songs — "I'd Really Love to See You Tonight" and "Love Is the Answer" — that he originally recorded as one-half of the pop duo England Dan & John Ford Coley. "I'd Really Love to See You Tonight" remake and "The Healin' Kind" were both released as singles. Title: Don't Love Make a Diamond Shine Passage: "Don't Love Make a Diamond Shine" is a song written by Mike Dekle and Craig Wiseman, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Byrd. It was released in May 1997 as the third and final single from the album "Big Love". The song reached #19 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.	[ "If You Want Me", "I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You" ]
3hop1__536767_777020_31291	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A constitutional referendum was held in South Korea on 17 October 1969. The changes to the constitution were approved by 67.5% of voters, with a turnout of 77.1%.", "title": "1969 South Korean constitutional referendum" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most serious attempt at secession was advanced in the years 1860 and 1861 as eleven southern States each declared secession from the United States, and joined together to form the Confederate States of America. This movement collapsed in 1865 with the defeat of Confederate forces by Union armies in the American Civil War.", "title": "Secession in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Douglass Reid (born October 24, 1972, Nashville, U.S.) is a professional boxer. He is a single parent and has five children.", "title": "Jonathan Reid" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Puerto Ricans are by law citizens of the United States and may move freely between the island and the mainland. As it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. However, Puerto Rico does have one non-voting member of the House called a Resident Commissioner. As residents of a U.S. territory, American citizens in Puerto Rico are disenfranchised at the national level and do not vote for president and vice president of the United States, and do not pay federal income tax on Puerto Rican income. Like other territories and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico does not have U.S. senators. Congress approved a local constitution in 1952, allowing U.S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor. A 2012 referendum showed a majority (54% of those who voted) disagreed with ``the present form of territorial status ''. A second question asking about a new model, had full statehood the preferred option among those who voted for a change of status, although a significant number of people did not answer the second question of the referendum. A fifth referendum was held on June 11, 2017, with`` Statehood'' and ``Independence / Free Association ''initially as the only available choices. At the recommendation of the Department of Justice, an option for the`` current territorial status'' was added. The referendum showed an overwhelming support for statehood, with 97.18% voting for it, although the voter turnout had a historically low figure of only 22.99% of the registered voters casting their ballots.", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The referendum would go ahead, but since the impeachment vote failed, the Congress of People's Deputies sought to set new terms for a popular referendum. The legislature's version of the referendum asked whether citizens had confidence in Yeltsin, approved of his reforms, and supported early presidential and legislative elections. The parliament voted that in order to win, the president would need to obtain 50 percent of the whole electorate, rather than 50 percent of those actually voting, to avoid an early presidential election.", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Quincy Marr (May 27, 1825 – June 1, 1861) was a Virginia militia company captain and the first Confederate soldier killed by a Union soldier in combat during the American Civil War. Marr was killed at the Battle of Fairfax Court House, Virginia on June 1, 1861. Previously one of Fauquier County's two delegates to the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, Marr initially opposed his state's secession from the Union but ultimately supported secession, as did voters shortly before his fatal skirmish.", "title": "John Quincy Marr" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to form a separate Union-aligned state). Following the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops from Tennessee and other states in response, Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. On June 8, 1861, with people in Middle Tennessee having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum calling for secession, becoming the last state to do so.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.)", "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden became the last Swiss canton to grant women the vote on local issues.", "title": "Women's suffrage in Switzerland" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016 Northern Ireland Choice Votes% Remain a member of the European Union 440,707 55.78% Leave the European Union 349,442 44.22% Valid votes 790,149 99.95% Invalid or blank votes 374 0.05% Total votes 790,523 100.00% Registered voters and turnout 1,260,955 62.69% Source: Electoral Commission", "title": "Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, who at this time was in control of the country, resigned from the military, announcing he would stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election. The poll, held between 26 and 28 May 2014, resulted in a landslide victory for el-Sisi. Sisi was sworn into office as President of Egypt on 8 June 2014. The Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups boycotted the vote. Even though the military-backed authorities extended voting to a third day, the 46% turnout was lower than the 52% turnout in the 2012 election.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Scottish government's consultation paper published on 25 February 2010, the cost of the referendum was ``likely to be around £9.5 million '', mostly spent on running the poll and the count. Costs would also include the posting of one neutral information leaflet about the referendum to every Scottish household, and one free mailshot to every household or voter in the poll for the designated campaign organisations. In April 2013, the projected cost of the referendum was £13.3 million; the final administrative cost was £15.85 million.", "title": "2014 Scottish independence referendum" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won by Hillary Clinton by a 0.3 percentage point margin, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won with a plurality by Hillary Clinton and an 0.4% margin, the second closest percentage behind Michigan, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 2014, he was elected as one of the 11 representatives of the French in Israel and in Palestinian territories, in the advisory \"\". In the election organized by the Embassy of France, more than 60,000 voters were asked to vote (representing 150,000 French living in Israel and in Palestinian territories). For this election, Jonathan-Simon Sellem was the head of the UMP-UDI list (right, center-right), which gained 1528 votes, 50.38%.", "title": "Jonathan-Simon Sellem" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances behind the votes. and U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, both of Puerto Rican ancestry, agreed with the The Hill 's statements. Shortly after the results were published Puerto Rico-born U.S. Congressman José Enrique Serrano commented \"I was particularly impressed with the outcome of the 'status' referendum in Puerto Rico. A majority of those voting signaled the desire to change the current territorial status. In a second question an even larger majority asked to become a state. This is an earthquake in Puerto Rican politics. It will demand the attention of Congress, and a definitive answer to the Puerto Rican request for change. This is a history-making moment where voters asked to move forward.\"", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status. The 2012 referendum was by far the most successful referendum for statehood advocates and support for statehood has risen in each successive popular referendum. However, more than one in four voters abstained from answering the question on the preferred alternative status. Statehood opponents have argued that the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included. If abstentions are considered, the result of the referendum is much closer to 44 percent for statehood, a number that falls under the 50 percent majority mark.", "title": "51st state" } ]	What percentage of voters voted against secession in the February 1861 referendum in the state where Jonathan Reid's birthplace is the capital?	54	[]	Title: Egypt Passage: On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, who at this time was in control of the country, resigned from the military, announcing he would stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election. The poll, held between 26 and 28 May 2014, resulted in a landslide victory for el-Sisi. Sisi was sworn into office as President of Egypt on 8 June 2014. The Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups boycotted the vote. Even though the military-backed authorities extended voting to a third day, the 46% turnout was lower than the 52% turnout in the 2012 election. Title: John Quincy Marr Passage: John Quincy Marr (May 27, 1825 – June 1, 1861) was a Virginia militia company captain and the first Confederate soldier killed by a Union soldier in combat during the American Civil War. Marr was killed at the Battle of Fairfax Court House, Virginia on June 1, 1861. Previously one of Fauquier County's two delegates to the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, Marr initially opposed his state's secession from the Union but ultimately supported secession, as did voters shortly before his fatal skirmish. Title: Nigeria Passage: Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections. Title: Tennessee Passage: In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to form a separate Union-aligned state). Following the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops from Tennessee and other states in response, Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. On June 8, 1861, with people in Middle Tennessee having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum calling for secession, becoming the last state to do so. Title: 51st state Passage: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances behind the votes. and U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, both of Puerto Rican ancestry, agreed with the The Hill 's statements. Shortly after the results were published Puerto Rico-born U.S. Congressman José Enrique Serrano commented "I was particularly impressed with the outcome of the 'status' referendum in Puerto Rico. A majority of those voting signaled the desire to change the current territorial status. In a second question an even larger majority asked to become a state. This is an earthquake in Puerto Rican politics. It will demand the attention of Congress, and a definitive answer to the Puerto Rican request for change. This is a history-making moment where voters asked to move forward." Title: Virginia in the American Civil War Passage: The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.) Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham. Title: Women's suffrage in Switzerland Passage: Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden became the last Swiss canton to grant women the vote on local issues. Title: William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower Passage: The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building. Title: 51st state Passage: In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status. The 2012 referendum was by far the most successful referendum for statehood advocates and support for statehood has risen in each successive popular referendum. However, more than one in four voters abstained from answering the question on the preferred alternative status. Statehood opponents have argued that the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included. If abstentions are considered, the result of the referendum is much closer to 44 percent for statehood, a number that falls under the 50 percent majority mark. Title: 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire Passage: The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won with a plurality by Hillary Clinton and an 0.4% margin, the second closest percentage behind Michigan, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote. Title: Secession in the United States Passage: The most serious attempt at secession was advanced in the years 1860 and 1861 as eleven southern States each declared secession from the United States, and joined together to form the Confederate States of America. This movement collapsed in 1865 with the defeat of Confederate forces by Union armies in the American Civil War. Title: 1993 Russian constitutional crisis Passage: The referendum would go ahead, but since the impeachment vote failed, the Congress of People's Deputies sought to set new terms for a popular referendum. The legislature's version of the referendum asked whether citizens had confidence in Yeltsin, approved of his reforms, and supported early presidential and legislative elections. The parliament voted that in order to win, the president would need to obtain 50 percent of the whole electorate, rather than 50 percent of those actually voting, to avoid an early presidential election. Title: 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire Passage: The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won by Hillary Clinton by a 0.3 percentage point margin, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote. Title: Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum Passage: United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016 Northern Ireland Choice Votes% Remain a member of the European Union 440,707 55.78% Leave the European Union 349,442 44.22% Valid votes 790,149 99.95% Invalid or blank votes 374 0.05% Total votes 790,523 100.00% Registered voters and turnout 1,260,955 62.69% Source: Electoral Commission Title: Puerto Rico Passage: Puerto Ricans are by law citizens of the United States and may move freely between the island and the mainland. As it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. However, Puerto Rico does have one non-voting member of the House called a Resident Commissioner. As residents of a U.S. territory, American citizens in Puerto Rico are disenfranchised at the national level and do not vote for president and vice president of the United States, and do not pay federal income tax on Puerto Rican income. Like other territories and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico does not have U.S. senators. Congress approved a local constitution in 1952, allowing U.S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor. A 2012 referendum showed a majority (54% of those who voted) disagreed with ``the present form of territorial status ''. A second question asking about a new model, had full statehood the preferred option among those who voted for a change of status, although a significant number of people did not answer the second question of the referendum. A fifth referendum was held on June 11, 2017, with`` Statehood'' and ``Independence / Free Association ''initially as the only available choices. At the recommendation of the Department of Justice, an option for the`` current territorial status'' was added. The referendum showed an overwhelming support for statehood, with 97.18% voting for it, although the voter turnout had a historically low figure of only 22.99% of the registered voters casting their ballots. Title: Jonathan Reid Passage: Jonathan Douglass Reid (born October 24, 1972, Nashville, U.S.) is a professional boxer. He is a single parent and has five children. Title: 1969 South Korean constitutional referendum Passage: A constitutional referendum was held in South Korea on 17 October 1969. The changes to the constitution were approved by 67.5% of voters, with a turnout of 77.1%. Title: Jonathan-Simon Sellem Passage: In January 2014, he was elected as one of the 11 representatives of the French in Israel and in Palestinian territories, in the advisory "". In the election organized by the Embassy of France, more than 60,000 voters were asked to vote (representing 150,000 French living in Israel and in Palestinian territories). For this election, Jonathan-Simon Sellem was the head of the UMP-UDI list (right, center-right), which gained 1528 votes, 50.38%. Title: 2014 Scottish independence referendum Passage: According to the Scottish government's consultation paper published on 25 February 2010, the cost of the referendum was ``likely to be around £9.5 million '', mostly spent on running the poll and the count. Costs would also include the posting of one neutral information leaflet about the referendum to every Scottish household, and one free mailshot to every household or voter in the poll for the designated campaign organisations. In April 2013, the projected cost of the referendum was £13.3 million; the final administrative cost was £15.85 million.	[ "Jonathan Reid", "Tennessee", "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" ]
2hop__91425_159363	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Düzce is the capital city of Düzce Province is the eighty-first Province in Turkey. Dursun Ay (AKP) was elected the mayor in the provincial council after Mehmet Keleş resigned from the position. The population in 2009 was 125,240, an increase from 61,878 in 1990.", "title": "Düzce" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metin Şahin (born January 10, 1963 in Konya, Turkey) is a European champion Turkish former taekwondo practitioner, who serves as the president of the Turkey Taekwondo Federation since 2003.", "title": "Metin Şahin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president, he was born in Anantapur District (now Andhra Pradesh). Two presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-presidents functioned as acting president until a new president was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, V.V. Giri, was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Zakir Husain's vice president, was the first acting president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting president. The 12th president, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007.", "title": "List of presidents of India" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first President on record issuing a ``pardon ''to his turkey was Ronald Reagan. Reagan had been sending the turkeys presented to him to farms and zoos since at least 1982, and 1987's turkey, Charlie, was likewise headed to a petting zoo. At the time, Reagan was facing questions over the Iran - Contra affair, on whether or not he would consider pardoning Oliver North (who had yet to be tried for his involvement in the affair); Reagan conjured the notion of the turkey pardon as a joke to deflect those questions. Reagan did not pardon a turkey in his final year as President in 1988, but his successor, George H.W. Bush, instituted the turkey pardon as a permanent part of the presentation beginning his first year in office, 1989, in response to the protests of animal rights activists.", "title": "National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reşide Bayar (1886, Bursa - 24 December 1962, Ankara) was the 3rd First Lady of Turkey. She was the wife of Celal Bayar, the 3rd President of Turkey, until her death on 24 December 1962. While on a train from İstanbul to Ankara she died of a heart attack.", "title": "Reşide Bayar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the pardon power for offences against the United States is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties.", "title": "Pardon" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became President. Two Presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting Presidents held office until the new President, V.V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President. The 12th President, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. As of November 2017, Ram Nath Kovind is the President of India who was elected on 25 July 2017.", "title": "List of presidents of India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bayar was pardoned in 1966. Full political rights were restored to him in 1974, but he declined an invitation to become a life member of the Senate, on the grounds that one can represent the people only if elected. He died on 22 August 1986 in Istanbul at the age of 103 after a brief illness. From 24 April 1978, when former Paraguay President Federico Chávez died, until his own death Bayar was the world's oldest living former head of state.", "title": "Celâl Bayar" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five - year terms. The first president to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela. The incumbent is Cyril Ramaphosa, who was elected by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018 following the resignation of Jacob Zuma.", "title": "President of South Africa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jose Domingo de Obaldía Gallegos was the second President of the Republic of Panama from 1908 to 1910 and the first president elected by popular vote after the separation of Panama from Colombia.", "title": "José Domingo de Obaldía" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents – i.e. such cities, which have over 100,000 people or these, where already was president before 1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695–1696). Between 1975 and 1990 the Warsaw Presidents was simultaneously the Warsaw Voivode. Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council. In the years of 1994–1999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw: the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents. Since 2002 the President of Warsaw is elected by all of the citizens of Warsaw.", "title": "Warsaw" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "U.S.–Soviet relations deteriorated following the beginning of the nine-year Soviet–Afghan War in 1979 and the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan, a staunch anti-communist, but improved as the communist bloc started to unravel in the late 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia lost the superpower status that it had won in the Second World War.", "title": "History of Russia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.", "title": "2020 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic.", "title": "Adolphe Thiers" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 10 November 1938 to 27 May 1950, when his Republican People's Party was defeated in Turkey's second free elections. He also served as the first Chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924, and as the first Prime Minister after the declaration of the Republic, serving three terms: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. As President, he was granted the official title of \"Millî Şef\" (National Chief).", "title": "İsmet İnönü" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the pardon power for federal crimes is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties.", "title": "Pardon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of the national executive of Nigeria. The President of Nigeria is also the commander - in - chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President is elected in national elections which take place every four years. The first President of Nigeria was Nnamdi Azikiwe, who took office on 1 October 1963. The current President, Muhammadu Buhari, took office on 29 May 2015 as the 15th President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.", "title": "President of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first U.S. presidential election where the elected president lost the popular vote, and the only presidential election in which the candidate who received the most electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become President, a source of great bitterness for Jackson and his supporters, who proclaimed the election of Adams a corrupt bargain.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" } ]	When was the first president to pardon a turkey elected?	1980	[]	Title: José Domingo de Obaldía Passage: Jose Domingo de Obaldía Gallegos was the second President of the Republic of Panama from 1908 to 1910 and the first president elected by popular vote after the separation of Panama from Colombia. Title: FC Barcelona Passage: In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands. Title: Adolphe Thiers Passage: Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic. Title: Reşide Bayar Passage: Reşide Bayar (1886, Bursa - 24 December 1962, Ankara) was the 3rd First Lady of Turkey. She was the wife of Celal Bayar, the 3rd President of Turkey, until her death on 24 December 1962. While on a train from İstanbul to Ankara she died of a heart attack. Title: National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation Passage: The first President on record issuing a ``pardon ''to his turkey was Ronald Reagan. Reagan had been sending the turkeys presented to him to farms and zoos since at least 1982, and 1987's turkey, Charlie, was likewise headed to a petting zoo. At the time, Reagan was facing questions over the Iran - Contra affair, on whether or not he would consider pardoning Oliver North (who had yet to be tried for his involvement in the affair); Reagan conjured the notion of the turkey pardon as a joke to deflect those questions. Reagan did not pardon a turkey in his final year as President in 1988, but his successor, George H.W. Bush, instituted the turkey pardon as a permanent part of the presentation beginning his first year in office, 1989, in response to the protests of animal rights activists. Title: President of South Africa Passage: The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five - year terms. The first president to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela. The incumbent is Cyril Ramaphosa, who was elected by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018 following the resignation of Jacob Zuma. Title: List of presidents of India Passage: Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became President. Two Presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting Presidents held office until the new President, V.V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President. The 12th President, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. As of November 2017, Ram Nath Kovind is the President of India who was elected on 25 July 2017. Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first U.S. presidential election where the elected president lost the popular vote, and the only presidential election in which the candidate who received the most electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become President, a source of great bitterness for Jackson and his supporters, who proclaimed the election of Adams a corrupt bargain. Title: History of Russia Passage: U.S.–Soviet relations deteriorated following the beginning of the nine-year Soviet–Afghan War in 1979 and the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan, a staunch anti-communist, but improved as the communist bloc started to unravel in the late 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia lost the superpower status that it had won in the Second World War. Title: List of presidents of India Passage: Seven presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president, he was born in Anantapur District (now Andhra Pradesh). Two presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-presidents functioned as acting president until a new president was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, V.V. Giri, was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Zakir Husain's vice president, was the first acting president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting president. The 12th president, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. Title: Celâl Bayar Passage: Bayar was pardoned in 1966. Full political rights were restored to him in 1974, but he declined an invitation to become a life member of the Senate, on the grounds that one can represent the people only if elected. He died on 22 August 1986 in Istanbul at the age of 103 after a brief illness. From 24 April 1978, when former Paraguay President Federico Chávez died, until his own death Bayar was the world's oldest living former head of state. Title: Pardon Passage: In the United States, the pardon power for offences against the United States is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties. Title: Metin Şahin Passage: Metin Şahin (born January 10, 1963 in Konya, Turkey) is a European champion Turkish former taekwondo practitioner, who serves as the president of the Turkey Taekwondo Federation since 2003. Title: President of Nigeria Passage: The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of the national executive of Nigeria. The President of Nigeria is also the commander - in - chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President is elected in national elections which take place every four years. The first President of Nigeria was Nnamdi Azikiwe, who took office on 1 October 1963. The current President, Muhammadu Buhari, took office on 29 May 2015 as the 15th President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Title: Düzce Passage: Düzce is the capital city of Düzce Province is the eighty-first Province in Turkey. Dursun Ay (AKP) was elected the mayor in the provincial council after Mehmet Keleş resigned from the position. The population in 2009 was 125,240, an increase from 61,878 in 1990. Title: 2020 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee. Title: Pardon Passage: In the United States, the pardon power for federal crimes is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties. Title: Warsaw Passage: The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents – i.e. such cities, which have over 100,000 people or these, where already was president before 1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695–1696). Between 1975 and 1990 the Warsaw Presidents was simultaneously the Warsaw Voivode. Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council. In the years of 1994–1999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw: the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents. Since 2002 the President of Warsaw is elected by all of the citizens of Warsaw. Title: İsmet İnönü Passage: Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 10 November 1938 to 27 May 1950, when his Republican People's Party was defeated in Turkey's second free elections. He also served as the first Chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924, and as the first Prime Minister after the declaration of the Republic, serving three terms: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. As President, he was granted the official title of "Millî Şef" (National Chief).	[ "National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation", "History of Russia" ]
3hop2__337255_105851_83343	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vallée d’Aoste Jambon de Bosses is a spicy cured ham product from Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses in the Aosta Valley in Italy, one of the region's specialties. It was awarded European Union protected designation of origin (PDO) status.", "title": "Vallée d’Aoste Jambon de Bosses" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bigg Boss Marathi Presented by Mahesh Manjrekar Country of origin India Original language (s) Marathi No. of seasons No. of episodes 98 Production Location (s) Lonavala Running time 60 - 90 minutes (approx.) Production company (s) Endemol India Release Original release 15 April 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) -- present", "title": "Bigg Boss Marathi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arlington Heights is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It is a northeastern suburb of Cincinnati. The population was 745 at the 2010 census. The village is almost completely contained within the wide median of the Mill Creek Expressway (Interstate 75), one of the few urban splits of freeway lanes in the country.", "title": "Arlington Heights, Ohio" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.", "title": "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boss Baby was released on Digital HD on July 4, 2017, and was released on DVD, Blu - ray, Blu - ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu - ray on July 25, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. The releases also includes a new short film, The Boss Baby and Tim's Treasure Hunt Through Time.", "title": "The Boss Baby" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The M-1978 Koksan is a 170 mm self-propelled gun of North Korean design and manufacture. Very little information is available due to the secretive nature of the North Korean government. The designations \"M-1978\" and \"Koksan\" were given to the type by American military analysts, as they first became aware of it in that year in Koksan, North Korea.", "title": "Koksan (artillery)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Suzuki Boulevard S40 (formerly Suzuki LS650 Savage) is a lightweight cruiser motorcycle manufactured by the Suzuki Motor Corporation for the Japanese domestic market, and exported to New Zealand, North America, as well as to Chile and other countries.", "title": "Suzuki Boulevard S40" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Travelling the EU is a European EP released by Kevin Devine. It was initially released in 2003 through Defiance Records as a limited CD and 7\" and later became available through digital retailers. Both physical versions are now out of print. The EP features early versions of \"Haircut\" and \"Probably\", which would later be featured on Kevin's third album, Split the Country, Split the Street. The version of \"Probably\" featured on this EP was also released on the Beer: The Movie soundtrack.", "title": "Travelling the EU" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company was the first-ever domestic manufacturer of floppy diskettes in India. In a short span of time, Amkette gained a strong name in the Indian market due to Bapna’s strong focus on precision manufacturing, customer service and distribution policies. Rajiv Bapna is also responsible for creating one of the largest IT distribution networks in the country.", "title": "Rajiv Bapna" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By improving standardized programmes and processes, kaizen aims to eliminate waste (see lean manufacturing). Kaizen was first practiced in Japanese businesses after World War II, influenced in part by American business and quality-management teachers, and most notably as part of The Toyota Way. It has since spread throughout the world and has been applied to environments outside business and productivity.", "title": "Kaizen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This article deals with historic administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia up to 1992, when the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the divisions were changed.", "title": "Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It represented a huge success in his first season as manager for Tony Barton. He had only taken over as Villa boss before the quarter - finals after the shock resignation of Villa boss Ron Saunders.", "title": "1982 European Cup Final" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP. According to official federal statistical studies, the service sector accounted for the largest portion of the state economy at 59.28%; the manufacturing and industrial sector is estimated to account for 34.36% of the state's GDP, with the agricultural sector accounting for 6.36% of the state's GDP. Manufacturing sector was the principal foreign investment in the state followed by the mining sector. In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigeria in recent years has been embracing industrialisation. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures Rapid Transit Buses, Trucks and SUVs with an upcoming introduction of Cars. Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers. In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country. In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria. Ogun is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jolie & the Wanted was an American country music band composed of Jolie Edwards (lead vocals), Phil Symonds (guitar), Jonathan Trebing (guitar), Steve King (keyboards), Ethan Pilzer (bass guitar) and Andy Hull (drums). Signed to DreamWorks Records Nashville in 2000, the band released one studio album in 2001 and charted two singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts. They split up in 2003.", "title": "Jolie & the Wanted" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The subsequent Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, ended with a stalemate and has left the two Koreas separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) up to the present day.", "title": "Division of Korea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local educator or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason why countries celebrate this day on different dates, unlike many other International Days. For example, Argentina has commemorated Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's death on 11 September) since 1915; while in India Guru Purnima is traditionally observed as a day to venerate teachers, the birthday of the second president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September) is also celebrated as Teacher's Day since 1962.", "title": "List of Teachers' Days" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of St Mark & St John (known as \"Marjon\" or \"Marjons\") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad.", "title": "Plymouth" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"My Boss, My Teacher\" was released in South Korea on 19 January 2006, and topped the box office on its opening weekend with 1,106,825 admissions. It held the number-one spot for a second consecutive week, and went on to receive a total of 6,105,431 admissions nationwide, making it the fourth best selling film of 2006, and—until surpassed by \"200 Pounds Beauty\" in early 2007—the most successful Korean comedy film of all time. As of 5 February 2006, the film had grossed a total of $30,585,589.", "title": "My Boss, My Teacher" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boss of Bosses is a 2001 American made-for-TV movie about the life of former Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano directed by Dwight H. Little. It stars Chazz Palminteri as Paul Castellano, Patricia Mauceri as his wife Nina, Mark Margolis as Joseph Armone, and Angela Alvarado as his mistress Gloria Olarte.", "title": "Boss of Bosses" } ]	When did the country where the manufacturer of Koksan is located split from the country of My Boss, My Teacher?	1953	[]	Title: The Boss Baby Passage: The Boss Baby was released on Digital HD on July 4, 2017, and was released on DVD, Blu - ray, Blu - ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu - ray on July 25, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. The releases also includes a new short film, The Boss Baby and Tim's Treasure Hunt Through Time. Title: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Passage: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. Title: Plymouth Passage: The University of St Mark & St John (known as "Marjon" or "Marjons") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad. Title: Rajiv Bapna Passage: The company was the first-ever domestic manufacturer of floppy diskettes in India. In a short span of time, Amkette gained a strong name in the Indian market due to Bapna’s strong focus on precision manufacturing, customer service and distribution policies. Rajiv Bapna is also responsible for creating one of the largest IT distribution networks in the country. Title: Arlington Heights, Ohio Passage: Arlington Heights is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It is a northeastern suburb of Cincinnati. The population was 745 at the 2010 census. The village is almost completely contained within the wide median of the Mill Creek Expressway (Interstate 75), one of the few urban splits of freeway lanes in the country. Title: Boss of Bosses Passage: Boss of Bosses is a 2001 American made-for-TV movie about the life of former Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano directed by Dwight H. Little. It stars Chazz Palminteri as Paul Castellano, Patricia Mauceri as his wife Nina, Mark Margolis as Joseph Armone, and Angela Alvarado as his mistress Gloria Olarte. Title: My Boss, My Teacher Passage: "My Boss, My Teacher" was released in South Korea on 19 January 2006, and topped the box office on its opening weekend with 1,106,825 admissions. It held the number-one spot for a second consecutive week, and went on to receive a total of 6,105,431 admissions nationwide, making it the fourth best selling film of 2006, and—until surpassed by "200 Pounds Beauty" in early 2007—the most successful Korean comedy film of all time. As of 5 February 2006, the film had grossed a total of $30,585,589. Title: Division of Korea Passage: The subsequent Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, ended with a stalemate and has left the two Koreas separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) up to the present day. Title: 1982 European Cup Final Passage: It represented a huge success in his first season as manager for Tony Barton. He had only taken over as Villa boss before the quarter - finals after the shock resignation of Villa boss Ron Saunders. Title: Suzuki Boulevard S40 Passage: The Suzuki Boulevard S40 (formerly Suzuki LS650 Savage) is a lightweight cruiser motorcycle manufactured by the Suzuki Motor Corporation for the Japanese domestic market, and exported to New Zealand, North America, as well as to Chile and other countries. Title: Bigg Boss Marathi Passage: Bigg Boss Marathi Presented by Mahesh Manjrekar Country of origin India Original language (s) Marathi No. of seasons No. of episodes 98 Production Location (s) Lonavala Running time 60 - 90 minutes (approx.) Production company (s) Endemol India Release Original release 15 April 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) -- present Title: Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia Passage: This article deals with historic administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia up to 1992, when the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the divisions were changed. Title: Travelling the EU Passage: Travelling the EU is a European EP released by Kevin Devine. It was initially released in 2003 through Defiance Records as a limited CD and 7" and later became available through digital retailers. Both physical versions are now out of print. The EP features early versions of "Haircut" and "Probably", which would later be featured on Kevin's third album, Split the Country, Split the Street. The version of "Probably" featured on this EP was also released on the Beer: The Movie soundtrack. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria in recent years has been embracing industrialisation. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures Rapid Transit Buses, Trucks and SUVs with an upcoming introduction of Cars. Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers. In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country. In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria. Ogun is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos. Title: Jolie & the Wanted Passage: Jolie & the Wanted was an American country music band composed of Jolie Edwards (lead vocals), Phil Symonds (guitar), Jonathan Trebing (guitar), Steve King (keyboards), Ethan Pilzer (bass guitar) and Andy Hull (drums). Signed to DreamWorks Records Nashville in 2000, the band released one studio album in 2001 and charted two singles on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts. They split up in 2003. Title: Vallée d’Aoste Jambon de Bosses Passage: Vallée d’Aoste Jambon de Bosses is a spicy cured ham product from Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses in the Aosta Valley in Italy, one of the region's specialties. It was awarded European Union protected designation of origin (PDO) status. Title: Kaizen Passage: By improving standardized programmes and processes, kaizen aims to eliminate waste (see lean manufacturing). Kaizen was first practiced in Japanese businesses after World War II, influenced in part by American business and quality-management teachers, and most notably as part of The Toyota Way. It has since spread throughout the world and has been applied to environments outside business and productivity. Title: Koksan (artillery) Passage: The M-1978 Koksan is a 170 mm self-propelled gun of North Korean design and manufacture. Very little information is available due to the secretive nature of the North Korean government. The designations "M-1978" and "Koksan" were given to the type by American military analysts, as they first became aware of it in that year in Koksan, North Korea. Title: Chihuahua (state) Passage: The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP. According to official federal statistical studies, the service sector accounted for the largest portion of the state economy at 59.28%; the manufacturing and industrial sector is estimated to account for 34.36% of the state's GDP, with the agricultural sector accounting for 6.36% of the state's GDP. Manufacturing sector was the principal foreign investment in the state followed by the mining sector. In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico. Title: List of Teachers' Days Passage: The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local educator or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason why countries celebrate this day on different dates, unlike many other International Days. For example, Argentina has commemorated Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's death on 11 September) since 1915; while in India Guru Purnima is traditionally observed as a day to venerate teachers, the birthday of the second president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September) is also celebrated as Teacher's Day since 1962.	[ "Koksan (artillery)", "Division of Korea", "My Boss, My Teacher" ]
2hop__398920_4037	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Scugog River is a river in the city of Kawartha Lakes in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Kawartha Lakes region, is part of the Great Lakes Basin, and is a branch of the Trent-Severn Waterway.", "title": "Scugog River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Akosombo Dam, also known as the Volta Dam, is a hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in southeastern Ghana in the Akosombo gorge and part of the Volta River Authority. The construction of the dam flooded part of the Volta River Basin, and led to the subsequent creation of Lake Volta. The flooding that created the Lake Volta reservoir displaced many people and had a significant impact on the local environment. Lake Volta is the largest man-made lake in the world by surface area. It covers , which is 3.6% of Ghana's land area. With a volume of 148 cubic kilometers, Lake Volta is the world's third largest man-made lake by volume, the largest being Lake Kariba which is located between Zimbabwe and Zambia in Southern Africa and contains 185 cubic kilometers of water.", "title": "Akosombo Dam" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Blind River is a river in the municipality of Blind River, Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Great Lakes Basin and is tributary of Lake Huron.", "title": "Blind River (Ontario)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Kozhozero () is a freshwater lake, located in the south of Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is one of the biggest lakes in Arkhangelsk Oblast and biggest one in Onezhsky District. The area of the lake is , and the area of its basin is . Lake Kozhozero is the source of Kozha River, which is a left tributary of the Onega River and thus belongs to the White Sea basin. The lake is located in the remote area and is not connected to the outside world by any all-season roads. It is notable as a location of the Kozheozersky Monastery, known since 1560.", "title": "Lake Kozhozero" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Assean River is a river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Northern Manitoba, Canada. Its flows from its source at Little Assean Lake to Clark Lake on the Nelson River.", "title": "Assean River (Manitoba)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonnie Lake is a small lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located outside of Vilna, Alberta, north of Highway 28, and is part of the North Saskatchewan River basin.", "title": "Bonnie Lake (Alberta)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds \"Hitler's gold\". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the \"blood cloud \" that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year.", "title": "Alatsee" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boulder Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is in the Big Boulder Lakes Basin, and is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trails 601 and 680.", "title": "Boulder Lake (Idaho)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lake Tshangalele, also known as Lake Lufira or Mwadingusha Reservoir, is an artificial lake in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is located about 20 km east of the city of Likasi in the old province of Katanga. It lies at about 1,100 m above sea-level in a large depression surrounded by low mountains. It was created by a dam built on the Lufira River near Mwadingusha in 1926 to provide hydro-electric power. The area of open water is about 362.5 km. During the wettest months of February and March, the area flooded reaches a maximum of 440 km. The lake is shallow with a mean depth of only 2.6 m.", "title": "Lake Tshangalele" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Humboldt or Humboldt Lake is an endorheic basin lake in northern Churchill County and southern Pershing County in the state of Nevada in the United States. The lake has the name of Alexander von Humboldt, a German natural scientist.", "title": "Lake Humboldt" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Spider Islands are a small archipelago in the north basin of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. The archipelago is situated near the eastern shoreline of the lake, north of the mouth of the Belanger River.", "title": "Spider Islands" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and each of the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "title": "Great Lakes" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Lake is a small lake in the municipality of Georgian Bay, District Municipality of Muskoka in Central Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin and lies in geographic Gibson Township. The lake flows at the north via an unnamed creek to Bushby Inlet on Georgian Bay, Lake Huron.", "title": "Rabbit Lake (Muskoka District)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uganda (/ juː ˈɡændə / yew - GAN - də or / juː ˈɡɑːndə / yew - GAHN - də), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south - west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.", "title": "Uganda" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fox Lake is a lake in geographic Bannerman Township, Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin, and is the source of the Fox River.", "title": "Fox Lake (Cochrane District)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian River is a river in Muskoka Lakes, Muskoka District in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, and connects Lake Rosseau (upstream) with Lake Muskoka (downstream).", "title": "Indian River (Muskoka District)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Ruovesi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated in the municipalities of Ruovesi and Mänttä-Vilppula in the Pirkanmaa region in western Finland. The lake is a part of the Kokemäenjoki basin and its main inflows are the Lake Tarjanne in north and the Lake Kuorevesi in the east. The lake drains into the lake Palovesi in south, which in its turn drains into the lake Näsijärvi.", "title": "Lake Ruovesi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rukwa Rift Basin, located in southwestern Tanzania, is an endorheic rift basin that contains Lake Rukwa. It forms part of the East African Rift system and has produced a number of Cretaceous and Oligocene fossils.", "title": "Rukwa Rift Basin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ruel is an unincorporated community in geographic Blewett Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The community is on the Opikinimika River, part of the James Bay drainage basin, just over the height of land between the latter basin and the Great Lakes Basin.", "title": "Ruel, Ontario" } ]	How many Americans live in the country containing Lake Tshangalele?	Around 300	[]	Title: Lake Ruovesi Passage: Lake Ruovesi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated in the municipalities of Ruovesi and Mänttä-Vilppula in the Pirkanmaa region in western Finland. The lake is a part of the Kokemäenjoki basin and its main inflows are the Lake Tarjanne in north and the Lake Kuorevesi in the east. The lake drains into the lake Palovesi in south, which in its turn drains into the lake Näsijärvi. Title: Lake Humboldt Passage: Lake Humboldt or Humboldt Lake is an endorheic basin lake in northern Churchill County and southern Pershing County in the state of Nevada in the United States. The lake has the name of Alexander von Humboldt, a German natural scientist. Title: Alatsee Passage: Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds "Hitler's gold". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the "blood cloud " that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year. Title: Great Lakes Passage: Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and each of the remaining states into one of the lakes. Title: Rukwa Rift Basin Passage: The Rukwa Rift Basin, located in southwestern Tanzania, is an endorheic rift basin that contains Lake Rukwa. It forms part of the East African Rift system and has produced a number of Cretaceous and Oligocene fossils. Title: Assean River (Manitoba) Passage: Assean River is a river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Northern Manitoba, Canada. Its flows from its source at Little Assean Lake to Clark Lake on the Nelson River. Title: Indian River (Muskoka District) Passage: The Indian River is a river in Muskoka Lakes, Muskoka District in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, and connects Lake Rosseau (upstream) with Lake Muskoka (downstream). Title: Scugog River Passage: The Scugog River is a river in the city of Kawartha Lakes in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Kawartha Lakes region, is part of the Great Lakes Basin, and is a branch of the Trent-Severn Waterway. Title: Lake Tshangalele Passage: Lake Tshangalele, also known as Lake Lufira or Mwadingusha Reservoir, is an artificial lake in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is located about 20 km east of the city of Likasi in the old province of Katanga. It lies at about 1,100 m above sea-level in a large depression surrounded by low mountains. It was created by a dam built on the Lufira River near Mwadingusha in 1926 to provide hydro-electric power. The area of open water is about 362.5 km. During the wettest months of February and March, the area flooded reaches a maximum of 440 km. The lake is shallow with a mean depth of only 2.6 m. Title: Bonnie Lake (Alberta) Passage: Bonnie Lake is a small lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located outside of Vilna, Alberta, north of Highway 28, and is part of the North Saskatchewan River basin. Title: Boulder Lake (Idaho) Passage: Boulder Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is in the Big Boulder Lakes Basin, and is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trails 601 and 680. Title: Rabbit Lake (Muskoka District) Passage: Rabbit Lake is a small lake in the municipality of Georgian Bay, District Municipality of Muskoka in Central Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin and lies in geographic Gibson Township. The lake flows at the north via an unnamed creek to Bushby Inlet on Georgian Bay, Lake Huron. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo. Title: Uganda Passage: Uganda (/ juː ˈɡændə / yew - GAN - də or / juː ˈɡɑːndə / yew - GAHN - də), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south - west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate. Title: Spider Islands Passage: The Spider Islands are a small archipelago in the north basin of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. The archipelago is situated near the eastern shoreline of the lake, north of the mouth of the Belanger River. Title: Lake Kozhozero Passage: Lake Kozhozero () is a freshwater lake, located in the south of Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is one of the biggest lakes in Arkhangelsk Oblast and biggest one in Onezhsky District. The area of the lake is , and the area of its basin is . Lake Kozhozero is the source of Kozha River, which is a left tributary of the Onega River and thus belongs to the White Sea basin. The lake is located in the remote area and is not connected to the outside world by any all-season roads. It is notable as a location of the Kozheozersky Monastery, known since 1560. Title: Blind River (Ontario) Passage: The Blind River is a river in the municipality of Blind River, Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Great Lakes Basin and is tributary of Lake Huron. Title: Akosombo Dam Passage: The Akosombo Dam, also known as the Volta Dam, is a hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in southeastern Ghana in the Akosombo gorge and part of the Volta River Authority. The construction of the dam flooded part of the Volta River Basin, and led to the subsequent creation of Lake Volta. The flooding that created the Lake Volta reservoir displaced many people and had a significant impact on the local environment. Lake Volta is the largest man-made lake in the world by surface area. It covers , which is 3.6% of Ghana's land area. With a volume of 148 cubic kilometers, Lake Volta is the world's third largest man-made lake by volume, the largest being Lake Kariba which is located between Zimbabwe and Zambia in Southern Africa and contains 185 cubic kilometers of water. Title: Ruel, Ontario Passage: Ruel is an unincorporated community in geographic Blewett Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The community is on the Opikinimika River, part of the James Bay drainage basin, just over the height of land between the latter basin and the Great Lakes Basin. Title: Fox Lake (Cochrane District) Passage: Fox Lake is a lake in geographic Bannerman Township, Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin, and is the source of the Fox River.	[ "Lake Tshangalele", "Republic of the Congo" ]
3hop1__286131_77886_37969	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's chair, there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions. Nancy Pelosi is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker seeking the Minority Leader post to retain the House party leadership, as the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections. Outgoing Speaker Nancy Pelosi ran successfully for Minority Leader in the 112th Congress.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1971 New Democratic Party leadership election was a leadership convention held in Ottawa from April 21 to 24 to elect a leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada. Tommy Douglas retired as federal leader, and David Lewis was elected as his successor. At this convention the Waffle faction was at the zenith of its popularity and power. Donald C. MacDonald, the former Ontario NDP leader, was elected as the party's president. The major non-leadership issue was what stance would the party take in terms of Quebec sovereignty and whether policy initiatives calling for the nationalization of the oil, gas and mining industries would pass.", "title": "1971 New Democratic Party leadership election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto \"leader of the opposition\", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent President have included Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi, and John Boehner.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallace Bunnell Anthony Smith (born July 29, 1929) was Prophet-President of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS) (now Community of Christ), from April 5, 1978 through April 15, 1996. Son of W. Wallace Smith, he was designated as his father's successor in 1976, and ordained church president in 1978 when his father retired to emeritus status. Wallace B. Smith is a great-grandson of Joseph Smith (the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement), and was a practicing ophthalmologist in the Independence, Missouri area before accepting ordination to RLDS leadership.", "title": "Wallace B. Smith" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States, who is President of the Senate. In the Vice President's absence, the President Pro Tempore, who is customarily the senior member of the party holding a majority of seats, presides over the Senate. In the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party. \"As Minority Leader during [President Lyndon Johnson's] Democratic administration, my responsibility has been to propose Republican alternatives,\" said Minority Leader Gerald Ford, R-MI. Greatly outnumbered in the House, Minority Leader Ford devised a political strategy that allowed Republicans to offer their alternatives in a manner that provided them political protection. As Ford explained:", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The proceedings unfold in the form of a trial, with each side having the right to call witnesses and perform cross-examinations. The House members, who are given the collective title of managers during the course of the trial, present the prosecution case, and the impeached official has the right to mount a defense with his own attorneys as well. Senators must also take an oath or affirmation that they will perform their duties honestly and with due diligence. After hearing the charges, the Senate usually deliberates in private. The Constitution requires a two thirds super majority to convict a person being impeached.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1972 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held from August 21 to August 23, 1972, at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Florida. It nominated President Richard M. Nixon and Vice President Spiro T. Agnew for reelection. The convention was chaired by then-U.S. House Minority Leader and future Nixon successor Gerald Ford of Michigan. It was the fifth time Nixon had been nominated on the Republican ticket as either its vice-presidential (1952 and 1956) or presidential candidate (1960 and 1968). Hence, Nixon's five appearances on his party's ticket matched the major-party American standard of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat who had been nominated for Vice President once (in 1920) and President four times (in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944).", "title": "1972 Republican National Convention" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Matthias W. Day (August 8, 1853 – September 12, 1927) was a career American army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military decoration, for his actions during the American Indian Wars in the latter half of the 19th century. Day was a longtime officer with the African-American 9th Cavalry Regiment, seeing action during the Apache Wars against the Apache leaders Victorio and Geronimo.", "title": "Matthias W. Day" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814.", "title": "Warren Hastings" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government. North Korea and China are examples; others can be found in Fascist states, such as Nazi Germany between 1934 and 1945. The one-party system is thus usually equated with dictatorships and tyranny.", "title": "Political party" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tôn Đức Thắng (August 20, 1888 – March 30, 1980) was the second and last president of North Vietnam and the first president of the reunified Vietnam under the leadership of General Secretary Lê Duẩn. The position of president is ceremonial and Thắng was never a major policymaker or even a member of the Politburo, Vietnam's ruling council. He served as president, initially of North Vietnam from September 2, 1969, and later of a united Vietnam, until his death in 1980.", "title": "Tôn Đức Thắng" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senate also has a role in ratifying treaties. The Constitution provides that the president may only \"make Treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur\" in order to benefit from the Senate's advice and consent and give each state an equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process. However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements.The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors\" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting president of the United States is being tried, the chief justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Maryland Senate is the upper house of the Maryland General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Maryland. One Senator is elected from each of the state's 47 electoral districts. As of January 2015, 33 of those seats are held by Democrats and 14 by Republicans. The leader of the Senate is known as the President, a position currently held by Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr., who represents Calvert, Charles and Prince George's counties. In addition, Senators elect a President Pro Tempore, and the respective party caucuses elect a majority and minority leader and a majority and minority whip.", "title": "List of current members of the Maryland Senate" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Confer With the White House. If his or her party controls the White House, the minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. Strategically, the role of the minority leader will vary depending on whether the President is of the same party or the other party. In general, minority leaders will often work to advance the goals and aspirations of their party's President in Congress. When Robert Michel, R-IL, was minority leader (1981–1995), he typically functioned as the \"point man\" for Republican presidents. President Ronald Reagan's 1981 policy successes in the Democratic controlled House was due in no small measure to Minority Leader Michel's effectiveness in wooing so-called \"Reagan Democrats\" to support, for instance, the Administration's landmark budget reconciliation bill. There are occasions, of course, when minority leaders will fault the legislative initiatives of their President. On an administration proposal that could adversely affect his district, Michel stated that he might \"abdicate my leadership role [on this issue] since I can't harmonize my own views with the administration's.\" Minority Leader Gephardt, as another example, has publicly opposed a number of President Clinton's legislative initiatives from \"fast track\" trade authority to various budget issues.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional politicians. This era was \"marked by strong partisan attachments, resilient patronage-based party organizations, and...high levels of party voting in Congress.\" Plainly, these were conditions conducive to the establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas" } ]	Which party has more leadership positions in the body that presides over any inpeachment trial of the president of the country where MAtthias W. Day is a citizen?	minority party has one less leadership position	[]	Title: 1971 New Democratic Party leadership election Passage: The 1971 New Democratic Party leadership election was a leadership convention held in Ottawa from April 21 to 24 to elect a leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada. Tommy Douglas retired as federal leader, and David Lewis was elected as his successor. At this convention the Waffle faction was at the zenith of its popularity and power. Donald C. MacDonald, the former Ontario NDP leader, was elected as the party's president. The major non-leadership issue was what stance would the party take in terms of Quebec sovereignty and whether policy initiatives calling for the nationalization of the oil, gas and mining industries would pass. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent President have included Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi, and John Boehner. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: The proceedings unfold in the form of a trial, with each side having the right to call witnesses and perform cross-examinations. The House members, who are given the collective title of managers during the course of the trial, present the prosecution case, and the impeached official has the right to mount a defense with his own attorneys as well. Senators must also take an oath or affirmation that they will perform their duties honestly and with due diligence. After hearing the charges, the Senate usually deliberates in private. The Constitution requires a two thirds super majority to convict a person being impeached. Title: Matthias W. Day Passage: Matthias W. Day (August 8, 1853 – September 12, 1927) was a career American army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military decoration, for his actions during the American Indian Wars in the latter half of the 19th century. Day was a longtime officer with the African-American 9th Cavalry Regiment, seeing action during the Apache Wars against the Apache leaders Victorio and Geronimo. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional politicians. This era was "marked by strong partisan attachments, resilient patronage-based party organizations, and...high levels of party voting in Congress." Plainly, these were conditions conducive to the establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: Confer With the White House. If his or her party controls the White House, the minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. Strategically, the role of the minority leader will vary depending on whether the President is of the same party or the other party. In general, minority leaders will often work to advance the goals and aspirations of their party's President in Congress. When Robert Michel, R-IL, was minority leader (1981–1995), he typically functioned as the "point man" for Republican presidents. President Ronald Reagan's 1981 policy successes in the Democratic controlled House was due in no small measure to Minority Leader Michel's effectiveness in wooing so-called "Reagan Democrats" to support, for instance, the Administration's landmark budget reconciliation bill. There are occasions, of course, when minority leaders will fault the legislative initiatives of their President. On an administration proposal that could adversely affect his district, Michel stated that he might "abdicate my leadership role [on this issue] since I can't harmonize my own views with the administration's." Minority Leader Gephardt, as another example, has publicly opposed a number of President Clinton's legislative initiatives from "fast track" trade authority to various budget issues. Title: Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Passage: The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor. Title: Wallace B. Smith Passage: Wallace Bunnell Anthony Smith (born July 29, 1929) was Prophet-President of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS) (now Community of Christ), from April 5, 1978 through April 15, 1996. Son of W. Wallace Smith, he was designated as his father's successor in 1976, and ordained church president in 1978 when his father retired to emeritus status. Wallace B. Smith is a great-grandson of Joseph Smith (the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement), and was a practicing ophthalmologist in the Independence, Missouri area before accepting ordination to RLDS leadership. Title: Political party Passage: In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government. North Korea and China are examples; others can be found in Fascist states, such as Nazi Germany between 1934 and 1945. The one-party system is thus usually equated with dictatorships and tyranny. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses) Title: United States Senate Passage: The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States, who is President of the Senate. In the Vice President's absence, the President Pro Tempore, who is customarily the senior member of the party holding a majority of seats, presides over the Senate. In the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. Title: United States Senate Passage: The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties. Title: United States Senate Passage: The Senate also has a role in ratifying treaties. The Constitution provides that the president may only "make Treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur" in order to benefit from the Senate's advice and consent and give each state an equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process. However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements.The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting president of the United States is being tried, the chief justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party. "As Minority Leader during [President Lyndon Johnson's] Democratic administration, my responsibility has been to propose Republican alternatives," said Minority Leader Gerald Ford, R-MI. Greatly outnumbered in the House, Minority Leader Ford devised a political strategy that allowed Republicans to offer their alternatives in a manner that provided them political protection. As Ford explained: Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's chair, there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions. Nancy Pelosi is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker seeking the Minority Leader post to retain the House party leadership, as the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections. Outgoing Speaker Nancy Pelosi ran successfully for Minority Leader in the 112th Congress. Title: 1972 Republican National Convention Passage: The 1972 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held from August 21 to August 23, 1972, at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Florida. It nominated President Richard M. Nixon and Vice President Spiro T. Agnew for reelection. The convention was chaired by then-U.S. House Minority Leader and future Nixon successor Gerald Ford of Michigan. It was the fifth time Nixon had been nominated on the Republican ticket as either its vice-presidential (1952 and 1956) or presidential candidate (1960 and 1968). Hence, Nixon's five appearances on his party's ticket matched the major-party American standard of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat who had been nominated for Vice President once (in 1920) and President four times (in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944). Title: Tôn Đức Thắng Passage: Tôn Đức Thắng (August 20, 1888 – March 30, 1980) was the second and last president of North Vietnam and the first president of the reunified Vietnam under the leadership of General Secretary Lê Duẩn. The position of president is ceremonial and Thắng was never a major policymaker or even a member of the Politburo, Vietnam's ruling council. He served as president, initially of North Vietnam from September 2, 1969, and later of a united Vietnam, until his death in 1980. Title: List of current members of the Maryland Senate Passage: The Maryland Senate is the upper house of the Maryland General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Maryland. One Senator is elected from each of the state's 47 electoral districts. As of January 2015, 33 of those seats are held by Democrats and 14 by Republicans. The leader of the Senate is known as the President, a position currently held by Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr., who represents Calvert, Charles and Prince George's counties. In addition, Senators elect a President Pro Tempore, and the respective party caucuses elect a majority and minority leader and a majority and minority whip. Title: Warren Hastings Passage: Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first "de facto" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814.	[ "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "Impeachment in the United States", "Matthias W. Day" ]
2hop__129332_53573	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area is a modest ski area in the western United States, in central Idaho. It is located in the southern tip of the Pioneer Mountains in southwestern Butte County, southwest of Arco. The elevation of its lift-served summit is above sea level, with a vertical drop of on a treeless, northeast-facing slope. The summit offers a sweeping view of the vast Snake River Plain to the east, south, and west.", "title": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rodd Island is a island on the Parramatta River in Sydney, Australia. It lies in the centre of Iron Cove, between the suburbs of Drummoyne, Russell Lea, Rodd Point, Haberfield and Leichhardt. It is located west of the Sydney Harbour upstream and the Harbour Bridge. Today the island is uninhabited, and forms part of the Sydney Harbour National Park. The island has had various other names over its history: Rabbit Island, Rhode Island, Snake Island and Jack Island.", "title": "Rodd Island" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fall River rises on the Madison and Pitchstone plateaus in the southwest corner of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and flows approximately to its confluence with the Henrys Fork of the Snake River near Ashton, Idaho. Historically, the river was referred to as the Middle Fork of the Snake River or as Fall River or the Falls River by trappers and prospectors as early as the 1830s. It was officially named the Falls River by the 1872 Hayden Geological Survey, but was always called Fall River by the locals and so the U.S. Board on Geographic Names changed the official name to Fall River in 1997 at the request of Idaho authorities. The river is home to numerous waterfalls and cascades in its upper reaches.", "title": "Fall River (Wyoming, Idaho)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margoon (Margun) Waterfall is located in the Fars province of Iran near the city of Sepidan. Its name means in Persian \"snake like\".", "title": "Margoon Waterfall" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Imnaha is an unincorporated community at the confluence of Big Sheep Creek and the Imnaha River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. Its elevation is . Oregon Route 350 connects Imnaha to the nearest incorporated city, Joseph, Oregon, to the west. Imnaha is best known as the gateway to the Hat Point scenic lookout on Hells Canyon at the Snake River.", "title": "Imnaha, Oregon" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "KKWE (89.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve White Earth, Minnesota and surrounding area. The station is owned by the White Earth Land Recovery Project, a Native American-run nonprofit organization. It airs a variety of music and talk programming, much of which is native-oriented.", "title": "KKWE" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A storm takes place while Fat-hoi goes into the forest and he attacks two Snake spirits. But after he noticed that they were only preventing rain from hitting a woman giving birth, he also releases them. Again, he is haunted by sins of the human mind, primarily the female body. The two snakes, White Snake (Joey Wong) and Green Snake (Maggie Cheung), are later seen on the rooftop of a festival where Green Snake participates while White Snake eyes a local scholar Hsui Xien (Wu Hsing-Kuo). The two have been training for many centuries to take human form and experience the love, freedom and wisdom that is supposedly only available to humans. White Snake is the more experienced one and proceeds to get engaged to Hsui Xien, with whom she plans to have a child which would complete her passage into the mortal realm; Green Snake is the younger and more impulsive of the two sisters but she is not yet quite convinced of the benefits of the human world. They both move into their magically created house and start a successful medical practice in the town. Other than Hsui Xien's visit, the two gets another visit unexpectedly from a buffoonish Taoist whom Green Snake leaves the household to take care of. Because of White Snake's beautiful charms, Hsui Xien, once known as the toughest and most dedicated scholar of the village, is starting to lose his reputation.", "title": "Green Snake" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Snake River with its tributaries drains a 1,009 square miles (2,610 km) area of Aitkin, Kanabec, Mille Lacs and Pine counties. After initially flowing southward from its headwaters in southern Aitkin County, the Snake flows through Kanabec County, turning eastward near Mora, Minnesota, following a minor fault line. It drains into the St. Croix River 13 miles (21 km) east of Pine City, Minnesota.", "title": "Snake River (St. Croix River tributary)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) is a North American species of rat snake that subdues its small prey by constriction. It is found throughout the southeastern and central United States. Their docile nature, reluctance to bite, moderate adult size, attractive pattern, and comparatively simple care make them popular pet snakes. Though superficially resembling the venomous copperhead and often killed as a result of this mistaken identity, corn snakes are harmless and beneficial to humans. Corn snakes lack functional venom and help control populations of wild rodent pests that damage crops and spread disease.", "title": "Corn snake" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tentacled snake or tentacle snake (Erpeton tentaculatum), is a rear-fanged aquatic snake native to South-East Asia. It is the only species of its genus, Erpeton, and the two tentacles on its snout are a unique feature among snakes. The method it uses to catch fish has recently been a subject of research.", "title": "Tentacled snake" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bend of the River is a 1952 American Technicolor Western film directed by Anthony Mann and starring James Stewart, Arthur Kennedy, Julie Adams, and Rock Hudson. Based on the 1950 novel \"Bend of the Snake\" by Bill Gulick, the film is about a tough cowboy who risks his life to deliver confiscated supplies to homesteaders after gold is discovered in the region. \"Bend of the River\" was filmed on location in Sandy River, Mount Hood and Timberline, Oregon. This is the second Western film collaboration between Anthony Mann and James Stewart.", "title": "Bend of the River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oregon (/ ˈɔːrɪɡən / (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West coast of the United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary along Washington state, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary along Idaho. The parallel 42 ° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon is one of only three states of the contiguous United States to have a coastline on the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Oregon" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Brownlee started a ferry service that crossed the Snake River between Idaho and Oregon that became known as Brownlee's Ferry. When a railroad was built on the Oregon side of the river, the station at the ferry crossing was named Brownlee. Brownlee post office ran intermittently from 1910 to 1965. The portion of the tracks that ran between Homestead and Robinette and passed through Brownlee were torn up by the railway's final owners Oregon Short Line in 1934.", "title": "Brownlee, Oregon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hydrophis platurus, commonly known as the yellow - bellied sea snake, yellowbelly sea snake or pelagic sea snake, is a species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world, excluding the Atlantic Ocean. It was the only member of the genus Pelamis but recent molecular evidence suggests that it is more closely related to the species of the genus Hydrophis.", "title": "Yellow-bellied sea snake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. state of Alabama is home to 93 indigenous reptile species, not including subspecies. Indigenous species include one species of crocodilian, 12 lizard species, 49 snake species, and 31 turtle species. Three native species have possibly been extirpated from the state. These include the eastern indigo snake, southern hognose snake and the mimic glass lizard.", "title": "List of reptiles of Alabama" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field is a basaltic lava plain located on the Snake River Plain of Idaho in the United States. It is the easternmost of the basaltic lava fields on the Snake River Plain, located about west of Idaho Falls, Idaho and north of Pocatello, Idaho. In 1976, the National Park Service designated the northwestern portion of the site a National Natural Landmark. In 1986, the Bureau of Land Management recommended that of the site, located just southeast of the National Natural Landmark, to be a wilderness study area.", "title": "Hell's Half Acre Lava Field" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint Charles River () is a branch of the Saint Lawrence River that starts in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec. The river divides the Grande-Île and the Island of Salaberry, which are located approximately 50km east of Montreal. The river is 8km long, and drops 24m over its course from Lake Saint Francis east to Lake Saint-Louis.", "title": "Saint Charles River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lycodon striatus, commonly known as the northern wolf snake or the barred wolf snake, is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake from southern Asia.", "title": "Lycodon striatus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wind River is a river in Yukon, part of the Peel River watershed. It lies to the west of the Bonnet Plume and Snake Rivers.", "title": "Wind River (Yukon)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nyssa is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,267 at the 2010 census. The city is located along the Snake River on the Idaho border, in the region of far eastern Oregon known as the \"Treasure Valley\". It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Nyssa, Oregon" } ]	Where does the Snake River in the state where KKWE is start?	southern Aitkin County	[ "Aitkin County" ]	Title: Yellow-bellied sea snake Passage: Hydrophis platurus, commonly known as the yellow - bellied sea snake, yellowbelly sea snake or pelagic sea snake, is a species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world, excluding the Atlantic Ocean. It was the only member of the genus Pelamis but recent molecular evidence suggests that it is more closely related to the species of the genus Hydrophis. Title: Brownlee, Oregon Passage: John Brownlee started a ferry service that crossed the Snake River between Idaho and Oregon that became known as Brownlee's Ferry. When a railroad was built on the Oregon side of the river, the station at the ferry crossing was named Brownlee. Brownlee post office ran intermittently from 1910 to 1965. The portion of the tracks that ran between Homestead and Robinette and passed through Brownlee were torn up by the railway's final owners Oregon Short Line in 1934. Title: Green Snake Passage: A storm takes place while Fat-hoi goes into the forest and he attacks two Snake spirits. But after he noticed that they were only preventing rain from hitting a woman giving birth, he also releases them. Again, he is haunted by sins of the human mind, primarily the female body. The two snakes, White Snake (Joey Wong) and Green Snake (Maggie Cheung), are later seen on the rooftop of a festival where Green Snake participates while White Snake eyes a local scholar Hsui Xien (Wu Hsing-Kuo). The two have been training for many centuries to take human form and experience the love, freedom and wisdom that is supposedly only available to humans. White Snake is the more experienced one and proceeds to get engaged to Hsui Xien, with whom she plans to have a child which would complete her passage into the mortal realm; Green Snake is the younger and more impulsive of the two sisters but she is not yet quite convinced of the benefits of the human world. They both move into their magically created house and start a successful medical practice in the town. Other than Hsui Xien's visit, the two gets another visit unexpectedly from a buffoonish Taoist whom Green Snake leaves the household to take care of. Because of White Snake's beautiful charms, Hsui Xien, once known as the toughest and most dedicated scholar of the village, is starting to lose his reputation. Title: Margoon Waterfall Passage: Margoon (Margun) Waterfall is located in the Fars province of Iran near the city of Sepidan. Its name means in Persian "snake like". Title: Hell's Half Acre Lava Field Passage: Hell's Half Acre Lava Field is a basaltic lava plain located on the Snake River Plain of Idaho in the United States. It is the easternmost of the basaltic lava fields on the Snake River Plain, located about west of Idaho Falls, Idaho and north of Pocatello, Idaho. In 1976, the National Park Service designated the northwestern portion of the site a National Natural Landmark. In 1986, the Bureau of Land Management recommended that of the site, located just southeast of the National Natural Landmark, to be a wilderness study area. Title: KKWE Passage: KKWE (89.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve White Earth, Minnesota and surrounding area. The station is owned by the White Earth Land Recovery Project, a Native American-run nonprofit organization. It airs a variety of music and talk programming, much of which is native-oriented. Title: Snake River (St. Croix River tributary) Passage: The Snake River with its tributaries drains a 1,009 square miles (2,610 km) area of Aitkin, Kanabec, Mille Lacs and Pine counties. After initially flowing southward from its headwaters in southern Aitkin County, the Snake flows through Kanabec County, turning eastward near Mora, Minnesota, following a minor fault line. It drains into the St. Croix River 13 miles (21 km) east of Pine City, Minnesota. Title: Fall River (Wyoming, Idaho) Passage: Fall River rises on the Madison and Pitchstone plateaus in the southwest corner of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and flows approximately to its confluence with the Henrys Fork of the Snake River near Ashton, Idaho. Historically, the river was referred to as the Middle Fork of the Snake River or as Fall River or the Falls River by trappers and prospectors as early as the 1830s. It was officially named the Falls River by the 1872 Hayden Geological Survey, but was always called Fall River by the locals and so the U.S. Board on Geographic Names changed the official name to Fall River in 1997 at the request of Idaho authorities. The river is home to numerous waterfalls and cascades in its upper reaches. Title: Blizzard Mountain Ski Area Passage: Blizzard Mountain Ski Area is a modest ski area in the western United States, in central Idaho. It is located in the southern tip of the Pioneer Mountains in southwestern Butte County, southwest of Arco. The elevation of its lift-served summit is above sea level, with a vertical drop of on a treeless, northeast-facing slope. The summit offers a sweeping view of the vast Snake River Plain to the east, south, and west. Title: Oregon Passage: Oregon (/ ˈɔːrɪɡən / (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West coast of the United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary along Washington state, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary along Idaho. The parallel 42 ° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon is one of only three states of the contiguous United States to have a coastline on the Pacific Ocean. Title: Bend of the River Passage: Bend of the River is a 1952 American Technicolor Western film directed by Anthony Mann and starring James Stewart, Arthur Kennedy, Julie Adams, and Rock Hudson. Based on the 1950 novel "Bend of the Snake" by Bill Gulick, the film is about a tough cowboy who risks his life to deliver confiscated supplies to homesteaders after gold is discovered in the region. "Bend of the River" was filmed on location in Sandy River, Mount Hood and Timberline, Oregon. This is the second Western film collaboration between Anthony Mann and James Stewart. Title: Imnaha, Oregon Passage: Imnaha is an unincorporated community at the confluence of Big Sheep Creek and the Imnaha River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. Its elevation is . Oregon Route 350 connects Imnaha to the nearest incorporated city, Joseph, Oregon, to the west. Imnaha is best known as the gateway to the Hat Point scenic lookout on Hells Canyon at the Snake River. Title: Corn snake Passage: The corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) is a North American species of rat snake that subdues its small prey by constriction. It is found throughout the southeastern and central United States. Their docile nature, reluctance to bite, moderate adult size, attractive pattern, and comparatively simple care make them popular pet snakes. Though superficially resembling the venomous copperhead and often killed as a result of this mistaken identity, corn snakes are harmless and beneficial to humans. Corn snakes lack functional venom and help control populations of wild rodent pests that damage crops and spread disease. Title: Saint Charles River Passage: The Saint Charles River () is a branch of the Saint Lawrence River that starts in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec. The river divides the Grande-Île and the Island of Salaberry, which are located approximately 50km east of Montreal. The river is 8km long, and drops 24m over its course from Lake Saint Francis east to Lake Saint-Louis. Title: Wind River (Yukon) Passage: The Wind River is a river in Yukon, part of the Peel River watershed. It lies to the west of the Bonnet Plume and Snake Rivers. Title: Rodd Island Passage: Rodd Island is a island on the Parramatta River in Sydney, Australia. It lies in the centre of Iron Cove, between the suburbs of Drummoyne, Russell Lea, Rodd Point, Haberfield and Leichhardt. It is located west of the Sydney Harbour upstream and the Harbour Bridge. Today the island is uninhabited, and forms part of the Sydney Harbour National Park. The island has had various other names over its history: Rabbit Island, Rhode Island, Snake Island and Jack Island. Title: Tentacled snake Passage: The tentacled snake or tentacle snake (Erpeton tentaculatum), is a rear-fanged aquatic snake native to South-East Asia. It is the only species of its genus, Erpeton, and the two tentacles on its snout are a unique feature among snakes. The method it uses to catch fish has recently been a subject of research. Title: Lycodon striatus Passage: Lycodon striatus, commonly known as the northern wolf snake or the barred wolf snake, is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake from southern Asia. Title: Nyssa, Oregon Passage: Nyssa is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,267 at the 2010 census. The city is located along the Snake River on the Idaho border, in the region of far eastern Oregon known as the "Treasure Valley". It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. Title: List of reptiles of Alabama Passage: The U.S. state of Alabama is home to 93 indigenous reptile species, not including subspecies. Indigenous species include one species of crocodilian, 12 lizard species, 49 snake species, and 31 turtle species. Three native species have possibly been extirpated from the state. These include the eastern indigo snake, southern hognose snake and the mimic glass lizard.	[ "KKWE", "Snake River (St. Croix River tributary)" ]
2hop__482727_159937	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 135 m (443 ft) London Eye, typically described as a ``giant Ferris wheel ''by the media, has ovoidal externally mounted motorised capsules and is the`` world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel'' according to its operators, who claim ``The London Eye is often mistakenly called a Ferris wheel. This is not the case: first, the passenger capsules are completely enclosed and are climate controlled; secondly, the capsules are positioned on the outside of the wheel structure and are fully motorised; and third, the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only. ''However the Singapore Flyer subsequently billed itself as the`` world's largest observation wheel'', despite being supported on both sides, and the official londoneye.com website also refers to the London Eye as ``Europe's tallest Ferris wheel ''.", "title": "Ferris wheel" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mahazza (Arabic: مهزة, \"Muhazza\") is a village in Sitra, Bahrain, located in the eastern coast of the island. The Portuguese consulate is located in the village.", "title": "Mahazza" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bahrain World Trade Center (also called Bahrain WTC or BWTC) is a 240-metre-high (787 ft), 50-floor, twin tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain. Designed by the multi-national architectural firm Atkins, construction on the towers was completed in 2008. It is the first skyscraper in the world to integrate wind turbines into its design. The wind turbines were developed, built and installed by the Danish company Norwin A/S.The structure is constructed close to the King Faisal Highway, near popular landmarks such as the towers of Bahrain Financial Harbour (BFH), NBB and Abraj Al Lulu. It currently ranks as the second-tallest building in Bahrain, after the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour. The project has received several awards for sustainability, including:", "title": "Bahrain World Trade Center" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Breetsky was the third building, which was surpassed by Tokyo in 1987.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81 - storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man - made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second - tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct.", "title": "Eiffel Tower" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hollola TV Mast is a mast in Hollola, Finland built in 1967. It has a height of 327 metres (1073 feet). It is also the tallest structure in Finland.", "title": "Hollola TV Mast" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, until One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. The Empire State Building is currently the fifth - tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 35th - tallest in the world. It is also the fifth - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. When measured by pinnacle height, it is the fourth - tallest building in the United States.", "title": "Empire State Building" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 m (2,722 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trammell Crow Center is a 50-story postmodern skyscraper at 2001 Ross Avenue in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas. With a structural height of , and to the roof, it is the sixth-tallest building in Dallas and the 18th-tallest in the state. The tower was designed by the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, and has a polished and flamed granite façade, with of office space. It was originally built as the new headquarters of LTV (Ling-Temco-Vought) which had outgrown its previous headquarters at 1600 Pacific Tower.", "title": "Trammell Crow Center" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hyperion Tower (Korean: 하이페리온 타워), also known as the Mok-dong Hyperion Towers, is a group of three buildings located in the Yangcheon-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, completed in 2003. The tallest of which, Tower A, is 69 storeys and 256 metres (840 feet) high, making it the second tallest building in Seoul and the world's 214th tallest building. The towers are used as residential housing. Tower A is the world's 19th tallest residential building. Below the building is the Hyundai Department store, a chain of high end department stores in South Korea. At the time of its completion, the building was the tallest in the country but was surpassed by Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G in 2004.", "title": "Hyperion Tower" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Canadian Place (originally First Bank Building) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At , it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top (spires) and 9th highest to the roof top, and the 105th tallest in the world. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower (also in Toronto) and the Inco Superstack chimney in Sudbury, Ontario. The building is owned by Brookfield Office Properties, putting it in co-ownership with the neighbouring Exchange Tower and Bay Adelaide Centre as well as various other office spaces across Downtown Toronto.", "title": "First Canadian Place" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1201 Walnut Building is a Skyscraper located in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, USA, built by HNTB Architects in 1991. Found at the intersection of 12th and Walnut streets, it is the eighth tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the twelfth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri, at 427 feet. The exterior is made of mostly dark-colored glass, and granite panels, and is very close the new Sprint Center and Power & Light District, part of the redevelopment of downtown Kansas City. The glass look helps to further the glass-theme that the Sprint Center, H&R Block Building, and the \"Kansas City Star\" printing press have. In late 2010, building tenant Stinson Leonard Street, LLP acquired the rights to place a large sign and corporate logo atop the southern face of the building.", "title": "1201 Walnut" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81 - storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man - made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct.", "title": "Eiffel Tower" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "City Center Square is a skyscraper in downtown Kansas City, Missouri, built by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, in the Spring of 1977. It occupies the entire block of 11th Street to 12th Street, and from Main Street to Baltimore Street. It's tower is 30 stories tall, constructed with a reinforced concrete structure evident by the look of the exterior. It is the tenth-tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the fifteenth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri at .", "title": "City Center Square" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "B of the Bang was a sculpture by Thomas Heatherwick next to the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, which was commissioned to mark the 2002 Commonwealth Games; it was one of the tallest structures in Manchester and the tallest sculpture in the UK until the completion of \"Aspire\" in 2008. It was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The sculpture took its name from a quotation of British sprinter Linford Christie, in which he said that he started his races not merely at the \"bang\" of the starting pistol, but at \"the B of the Bang\".", "title": "B of the Bang" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, commonly known as Washington National Cathedral, is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The structure is of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century. It is both the second - largest church building in the United States, and the fourth - tallest structure in Washington, D.C. The cathedral is the seat of both the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Michael Bruce Curry, and the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington, Mariann Edgar Budde. Over 270,000 people visit the structure annually.", "title": "Washington National Cathedral" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It is also the second tallest freestanding structure of any type in Canada, behind the CN Tower but ahead of First Canadian Place. It is the 40th tallest freestanding structure in the world. The Superstack is located on top of the largest nickel smelting operation in the world at Vale Inco's Copper Cliff processing facility in the city of Greater Sudbury.", "title": "Inco Superstack" } ]	What is the tallest structure in the country where Mahazza is located?	the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour	[ "Bahrain Financial Harbour" ]	Title: Inco Superstack Passage: The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It is also the second tallest freestanding structure of any type in Canada, behind the CN Tower but ahead of First Canadian Place. It is the 40th tallest freestanding structure in the world. The Superstack is located on top of the largest nickel smelting operation in the world at Vale Inco's Copper Cliff processing facility in the city of Greater Sudbury. Title: Mahazza Passage: Mahazza (Arabic: مهزة, "Muhazza") is a village in Sitra, Bahrain, located in the eastern coast of the island. The Portuguese consulate is located in the village. Title: Eiffel Tower Passage: The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81 - storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man - made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct. Title: List of tallest buildings and structures Passage: The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Title: Hyperion Tower Passage: The Hyperion Tower (Korean: 하이페리온 타워), also known as the Mok-dong Hyperion Towers, is a group of three buildings located in the Yangcheon-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, completed in 2003. The tallest of which, Tower A, is 69 storeys and 256 metres (840 feet) high, making it the second tallest building in Seoul and the world's 214th tallest building. The towers are used as residential housing. Tower A is the world's 19th tallest residential building. Below the building is the Hyundai Department store, a chain of high end department stores in South Korea. At the time of its completion, the building was the tallest in the country but was surpassed by Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G in 2004. Title: Washington National Cathedral Passage: The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, commonly known as Washington National Cathedral, is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The structure is of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century. It is both the second - largest church building in the United States, and the fourth - tallest structure in Washington, D.C. The cathedral is the seat of both the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Michael Bruce Curry, and the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington, Mariann Edgar Budde. Over 270,000 people visit the structure annually. Title: Eiffel Tower Passage: The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81 - storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man - made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second - tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct. Title: B of the Bang Passage: B of the Bang was a sculpture by Thomas Heatherwick next to the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, which was commissioned to mark the 2002 Commonwealth Games; it was one of the tallest structures in Manchester and the tallest sculpture in the UK until the completion of "Aspire" in 2008. It was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The sculpture took its name from a quotation of British sprinter Linford Christie, in which he said that he started his races not merely at the "bang" of the starting pistol, but at "the B of the Bang". Title: Jacksonville, Florida Passage: The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world. Title: Ferris wheel Passage: The 135 m (443 ft) London Eye, typically described as a ``giant Ferris wheel ''by the media, has ovoidal externally mounted motorised capsules and is the`` world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel'' according to its operators, who claim ``The London Eye is often mistakenly called a Ferris wheel. This is not the case: first, the passenger capsules are completely enclosed and are climate controlled; secondly, the capsules are positioned on the outside of the wheel structure and are fully motorised; and third, the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only. ''However the Singapore Flyer subsequently billed itself as the`` world's largest observation wheel'', despite being supported on both sides, and the official londoneye.com website also refers to the London Eye as ``Europe's tallest Ferris wheel ''. Title: List of tallest buildings and structures Passage: The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Breetsky was the third building, which was surpassed by Tokyo in 1987. Title: Hollola TV Mast Passage: Hollola TV Mast is a mast in Hollola, Finland built in 1967. It has a height of 327 metres (1073 feet). It is also the tallest structure in Finland. Title: List of tallest buildings and structures Passage: The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 m (2,722 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Title: Bahrain World Trade Center Passage: The Bahrain World Trade Center (also called Bahrain WTC or BWTC) is a 240-metre-high (787 ft), 50-floor, twin tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain. Designed by the multi-national architectural firm Atkins, construction on the towers was completed in 2008. It is the first skyscraper in the world to integrate wind turbines into its design. The wind turbines were developed, built and installed by the Danish company Norwin A/S.The structure is constructed close to the King Faisal Highway, near popular landmarks such as the towers of Bahrain Financial Harbour (BFH), NBB and Abraj Al Lulu. It currently ranks as the second-tallest building in Bahrain, after the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour. The project has received several awards for sustainability, including: Title: Trammell Crow Center Passage: Trammell Crow Center is a 50-story postmodern skyscraper at 2001 Ross Avenue in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas. With a structural height of , and to the roof, it is the sixth-tallest building in Dallas and the 18th-tallest in the state. The tower was designed by the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, and has a polished and flamed granite façade, with of office space. It was originally built as the new headquarters of LTV (Ling-Temco-Vought) which had outgrown its previous headquarters at 1600 Pacific Tower. Title: City Center Square Passage: City Center Square is a skyscraper in downtown Kansas City, Missouri, built by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, in the Spring of 1977. It occupies the entire block of 11th Street to 12th Street, and from Main Street to Baltimore Street. It's tower is 30 stories tall, constructed with a reinforced concrete structure evident by the look of the exterior. It is the tenth-tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the fifteenth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri at . Title: Empire State Building Passage: The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, until One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. The Empire State Building is currently the fifth - tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 35th - tallest in the world. It is also the fifth - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. When measured by pinnacle height, it is the fourth - tallest building in the United States. Title: Melbourne Passage: Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed. Title: First Canadian Place Passage: First Canadian Place (originally First Bank Building) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At , it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top (spires) and 9th highest to the roof top, and the 105th tallest in the world. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower (also in Toronto) and the Inco Superstack chimney in Sudbury, Ontario. The building is owned by Brookfield Office Properties, putting it in co-ownership with the neighbouring Exchange Tower and Bay Adelaide Centre as well as various other office spaces across Downtown Toronto. Title: 1201 Walnut Passage: The 1201 Walnut Building is a Skyscraper located in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, USA, built by HNTB Architects in 1991. Found at the intersection of 12th and Walnut streets, it is the eighth tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the twelfth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri, at 427 feet. The exterior is made of mostly dark-colored glass, and granite panels, and is very close the new Sprint Center and Power & Light District, part of the redevelopment of downtown Kansas City. The glass look helps to further the glass-theme that the Sprint Center, H&R Block Building, and the "Kansas City Star" printing press have. In late 2010, building tenant Stinson Leonard Street, LLP acquired the rights to place a large sign and corporate logo atop the southern face of the building.	[ "Mahazza", "Bahrain World Trade Center" ]
2hop__580030_47169	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka Incumbent Tilak Marapana Ministry of Foreign Affairs Appointer The President with advice of Prime Minister Inaugural holder Don Stephen Senanayake Formation 24 September 1947 Website www.mea.gov.lk", "title": "Minister of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the return to power of the Liberals after the 1993 election, Ouellet was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by the new prime minister, Jean Chrétien. Despite his experience, Ouellet was not popular in Quebec, and the lasting legacy of the Charlottetown Accord hurt him. After the close result of the 1995 Quebec referendum, Chrétien wanted to present a new face of his government in Quebec. In 1996, Chrétien appointed Ouellet to head the Canada Post Corporation. Ouellet's seat in the House of Commons of Canada was taken by Pierre Pettigrew in a by-election later that year.", "title": "André Ouellet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State).", "title": "Prime Minister of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Botoroaga is a commune in Teleorman County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Botoroaga, Călugăru, Târnava, Tunari and Valea Cireșului.", "title": "Botoroaga" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by \"convention\". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a \"Prime Minister of Canada\" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamal Ganzouri (, ‎; born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded \"Minister of the Poor\" and \"the Opposition Minister\" because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as prime minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011.", "title": "Kamal Ganzouri" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with. These are ministers without portfolio — they don't have a ministry to control.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The union cabinet headed by the prime minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive. Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per article 75 (3) of the Constitution of India. The prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of a majority in the Lok Sabha and shall resign if they are unable to prove majority when instructed by the president.", "title": "Prime Minister of India" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Representative of the Government in the Senate Incumbent Peter Harder since 18 March 2016 Style The Honourable Member of Senate of Canada Cabinet of Canada (often, though not always) Reports to Prime Minister of Canada Appointer Prime Minister of Canada Formation 1 July 1867 First holder Alexander Campbell Salary $230,300 (2017)", "title": "Representative of the Government in the Senate" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Yurevich Borodai (, ; born July 25, 1972) was Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in 2014. After the Donetsk People's Republic declared its independence from Ukraine on 12 May 2014, Borodai was appointed as Prime Minister by the republic's Supreme Council on May 16, 2014. Borodai, a Russian citizen, had earlier worked as a political adviser to Sergey Aksyonov, the prime minister of the Republic of Crimea. On 7 August 2014 Borodai announced his resignation. He was succeeded by Alexander Zakharchenko; under Zakharchenko, Borodai became Deputy Prime Minister.", "title": "Alexander Borodai" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cabinet of Thailand or, formally, the Council of Ministers of Thailand (; is a body composed of thirty-five of the most senior members of the government of the Kingdom of Thailand. The cabinet is the primary organ of the executive branch of the Thai government. Members of the cabinet are nominated by the prime minister and formally appointed by the King of Thailand. Most members are governmental department heads with the title of \"minister of state\" (; . The cabinet is chaired by the Prime Minister of Thailand. The cabinet is often collectively called \"the government\" or \"the Royal Thai Government\".", "title": "Cabinet of Thailand" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Emblem of Papua New Guinea Incumbent Peter O'Neill since 3 August 2012 Appointer Bob Dadae Governor - General of Papua New Guinea Term length At the Governor - General's pleasure Inaugural holder Michael Somare Formation 16 September 1975", "title": "Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is led by the Prime Minister of Slovakia, who is nominated by the President of Slovakia, and is usually the leader of majority party or of majority coalition after an election to the National Council of the Slovak Republic. The Cabinet appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister must gain a vote of confidence in the National Council.", "title": "Government of Slovakia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The current Prime Minister is Mihai Tudose of the Social Democratic Party who was sworn in on 29 June 2017..", "title": "Prime Minister of Romania" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed \"the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister\". Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness.", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cabinet of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, led by Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, came to power following the 1989 legislative election, and was appointed by the Sejm on 12 September 1989. Tadeusz Mazowiecki had been appointed Prime Minister on 24 August 1989, and tasked with the formation of a new government, after the Sejm rejected the Communist cabinet of Czesław Kiszczak. The cabinet resigned on 25 November 1990, and the Sejm accepted the resignation of the cabinet on 14 December, though it continued to perform its duties until the formation of the Cabinet of Jan Krzysztof Bielecki on 4 January 1991.", "title": "Cabinet of Tadeusz Mazowiecki" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minister of Railways Emblem of India Incumbent Piyush Goyal since 3 September 2017 Ministry of Railways Member of Cabinet of India Appointer President on the advice of the Prime Minister Inaugural holder John Mathai Formation 15 August 1947", "title": "Minister of Railways (India)" } ]	The newly appointed prime minister of the country that includes Botoroaga is whom?	Mihai Tudose	[]	Title: Prime minister Passage: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. Title: Cabinet of Tadeusz Mazowiecki Passage: The Cabinet of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, led by Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, came to power following the 1989 legislative election, and was appointed by the Sejm on 12 September 1989. Tadeusz Mazowiecki had been appointed Prime Minister on 24 August 1989, and tasked with the formation of a new government, after the Sejm rejected the Communist cabinet of Czesław Kiszczak. The cabinet resigned on 25 November 1990, and the Sejm accepted the resignation of the cabinet on 14 December, though it continued to perform its duties until the formation of the Cabinet of Jan Krzysztof Bielecki on 4 January 1991. Title: Prime Minister of the Bahamas Passage: The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State). Title: Government of Slovakia Passage: It is led by the Prime Minister of Slovakia, who is nominated by the President of Slovakia, and is usually the leader of majority party or of majority coalition after an election to the National Council of the Slovak Republic. The Cabinet appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister must gain a vote of confidence in the National Council. Title: Prime Minister of Romania Passage: The current Prime Minister is Mihai Tudose of the Social Democratic Party who was sworn in on 29 June 2017.. Title: Prime Minister of India Passage: The union cabinet headed by the prime minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive. Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per article 75 (3) of the Constitution of India. The prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of a majority in the Lok Sabha and shall resign if they are unable to prove majority when instructed by the president. Title: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka) Passage: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka Incumbent Tilak Marapana Ministry of Foreign Affairs Appointer The President with advice of Prime Minister Inaugural holder Don Stephen Senanayake Formation 24 September 1947 Website www.mea.gov.lk Title: Prime minister Passage: Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet. Title: Minister of Railways (India) Passage: Minister of Railways Emblem of India Incumbent Piyush Goyal since 3 September 2017 Ministry of Railways Member of Cabinet of India Appointer President on the advice of the Prime Minister Inaugural holder John Mathai Formation 15 August 1947 Title: Kamal Ganzouri Passage: Kamal Ganzouri (, ‎; born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded "Minister of the Poor" and "the Opposition Minister" because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as prime minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011. Title: Estonia Passage: The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with. These are ministers without portfolio — they don't have a ministry to control. Title: André Ouellet Passage: With the return to power of the Liberals after the 1993 election, Ouellet was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by the new prime minister, Jean Chrétien. Despite his experience, Ouellet was not popular in Quebec, and the lasting legacy of the Charlottetown Accord hurt him. After the close result of the 1995 Quebec referendum, Chrétien wanted to present a new face of his government in Quebec. In 1996, Chrétien appointed Ouellet to head the Canada Post Corporation. Ouellet's seat in the House of Commons of Canada was taken by Pierre Pettigrew in a by-election later that year. Title: Cabinet of Thailand Passage: The cabinet of Thailand or, formally, the Council of Ministers of Thailand (; is a body composed of thirty-five of the most senior members of the government of the Kingdom of Thailand. The cabinet is the primary organ of the executive branch of the Thai government. Members of the cabinet are nominated by the prime minister and formally appointed by the King of Thailand. Most members are governmental department heads with the title of "minister of state" (; . The cabinet is chaired by the Prime Minister of Thailand. The cabinet is often collectively called "the government" or "the Royal Thai Government". Title: Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Passage: Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Emblem of Papua New Guinea Incumbent Peter O'Neill since 3 August 2012 Appointer Bob Dadae Governor - General of Papua New Guinea Term length At the Governor - General's pleasure Inaugural holder Michael Somare Formation 16 September 1975 Title: Prime Minister of Iraq Passage: The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place. Title: Prime minister Passage: Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers. Title: Representative of the Government in the Senate Passage: Representative of the Government in the Senate Incumbent Peter Harder since 18 March 2016 Style The Honourable Member of Senate of Canada Cabinet of Canada (often, though not always) Reports to Prime Minister of Canada Appointer Prime Minister of Canada Formation 1 July 1867 First holder Alexander Campbell Salary $230,300 (2017) Title: Alexander Borodai Passage: Alexander Yurevich Borodai (, ; born July 25, 1972) was Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in 2014. After the Donetsk People's Republic declared its independence from Ukraine on 12 May 2014, Borodai was appointed as Prime Minister by the republic's Supreme Council on May 16, 2014. Borodai, a Russian citizen, had earlier worked as a political adviser to Sergey Aksyonov, the prime minister of the Republic of Crimea. On 7 August 2014 Borodai announced his resignation. He was succeeded by Alexander Zakharchenko; under Zakharchenko, Borodai became Deputy Prime Minister. Title: Botoroaga Passage: Botoroaga is a commune in Teleorman County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Botoroaga, Călugăru, Târnava, Tunari and Valea Cireșului. Title: George VI Passage: In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister". Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness.	[ "Botoroaga", "Prime Minister of Romania" ]
2hop__259848_10984	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Temporary foreign worker program or TFWP is a program of the Government of Canada to allow employers in Canada to hire foreign nationals. When the program started in 1973, most of the workers brought in were high - skill workers such as specialist doctors. In 2002 a ``low - skilled workers ''category was added; this category now makes up most of the temporary foreign workforce. In 2006, the program was expanded and fast - tracking introduced for some locations. It was revised again in 2013, raising wages, charging employer fees, and removing the accelerated applications.", "title": "Temporary foreign worker program in Canada" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/ dweɪn / dwain; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by the Miami Heat. He was named to the All - Rookie team and the All - Star team the following twelve seasons. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the ``Redeem Team '', in scoring, and helped them capture gold medal honors in Beijing, China. In the 2008 -- 09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. In 2016, Wade departed the Heat in free agency to play for his hometown Chicago Bulls, then leaving them after one season to join the Cavaliers.", "title": "Dwyane Wade" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wade Simmons (born 20 September 1973) is a mountain biker from Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada who has won the Red Bull Rampage Utah 2001 and placed second in the same year in the Red Bull Rampage Australia. He is currently on the Rocky Mountain Bicycles factory team.", "title": "Wade Simmons" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Lake of the Woods (1994) is a novel by the American author Tim O'Brien. Related to issues of the Vietnam War theme, \"In the Lake of the Woods\" follows the struggle of John Wade to deal with a recently failed campaign for the United States Senate. After moving to Lake of the Woods, Minnesota, John discovers one morning that his wife Kathy is missing. Through the use of flashbacks of John's childhood, college years, and Vietnam experiences, as well as testimony and evidence from affected characters, the novel provides several hypotheses for the disappearance of Kathy Wade, leaving the decision up to the reader.", "title": "In the Lake of the Woods" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dwan was born in Rotherhithe, London to a family of lightermen in the Port of London. He joined Poplar Blackwall and District Rowing Club at the age of 12 initially as a cox but soon as an oarsman. When he was 15 he was apprenticed as lighterman to his grandfather Williams and this allowed him to enter the novice sculls in the National Dock Labour Board (NDLB) regatta at Putney. He won the race which included contestants of that year’s Doggett's Coat and Badge Race. While he was sculling he continued working as a lighterman and worked for Humphrey & Grey starting as a boy in the tug Sir John. After two year with Humphrey & Grey he obtained his lighterman’s licence and went on the dock labour pool to experience a variety of firms. During 1967 the decasualisation scheme following Devlin’s report was implemented and all dock workers had to be allocated to an employer. Dwan was allocated to F.T. Everard at Greenhithe, of whom he said “The management were very good to me in allowing me time to train. I could not have wished for better employers”.", "title": "Kenny Dwan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Flint Wade (1849–1915) was an early 20th-century American author, poet and pictorial photographer. She is best known for the photographs she exhibited with Rose Clark under their joint names, either as \"Rose Clark and Elizabeth Flint Wade\" or as \"Misses Clark and Wade\".", "title": "Elizabeth Flint Wade" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first director of the NRA was Hugh S. Johnson, a retired United States Army general and a successful businessman. He was named Time magazine's ``Man of the Year ''in 1933. Johnson saw the NRA as a national crusade designed to restore employment and regenerate industry.", "title": "National Recovery Administration" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors is a non-fiction book by Nicholas Wade, a science reporter for \"The New York Times\". It was published in 2006 by the Penguin Group. By drawing upon research on the human genome, the book attempts to piece together what Wade calls \"two vanished periods\": the five million years of human evolution from the development of bipedalism leading up to behavioural modernity around 50,000 years ago, and the 45,000 subsequent years of prehistory.", "title": "Before the Dawn (book)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the \"Canadian Human Rights Act\" to investigate and try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the \"Employment Equity Act\" to ensure that federally regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people, the disabled and visible minorities. The CHRC helps enforce these human rights and inform the general public and employers of these rights.", "title": "Canadian Human Rights Commission" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lewis Wade Jones (March 13, 1910September 1979) was a sociologist and teacher. He was born in Cuero, Texas, the son of Wade E. and Lucynthia McDade Jones. A member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, he received his A.B. degree from Fisk University in 1931, and followed it with postgraduate study as a Social Science Research Council Fellow at the University of Chicago in 1931-1932.", "title": "Lewis Wade Jones" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wade was signed by the Atlanta Braves originally as a free agent in 1991. Wade earned a World Series ring by pitching in three games in 1995, a total of four innings. His best season as a major leaguer was 1996 in which he pitched in 44 games, going 5-0 with an ERA of 2.97.", "title": "Terrell Wade" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lena Waithe as Aech / Helen Harris, a Gunter and long - time friend of Wade's who works as a mechanic in the OASIS.", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operated by Vale Limited, construction on the plant started in April 2009 and operations began in 2014. Construction costs were in excess of CAD $4.25 billion. Construction involved over 3,200 workers generating approximately 3,000 person-years of employment. Operation of the plant will require approximately 475 workers.", "title": "Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.", "title": "The Times" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Virgil Wade (born May 23, 1942) is a former American football player who played 2 seasons as quarterback in the NFL with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Prior to that he had started at quarterback for the University of Texas and played on the National Championship team in 1963. He is perhaps best known as a back-up quarterback who engineered a 4th-quarter, touchdown drive in Texas' final regular season game of 1963 to win the game and the National Championship.", "title": "Tommy Wade" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tarkenton returned for another seven - year spell as the Vikings' starting quarterback in 1972, continuing until his retirement in 1978, at which point Tommy Kramer was promoted from the second string in his second season with the franchise. Kramer was injured for most of the 1983 season, so Steve Dils served as the starting quarterback for most of the season, before Kramer reclaimed the position in 1984. For the 1987 season, Kramer shared quarterback duties with Wade Wilson, before Wilson took over on a permanent basis from 1988. Wilson was replaced by the emerging Rich Gannon in 1990, but Gannon was released after the 1992 season and veteran Jim McMahon took over for the 1993 season until the arrival of Warren Moon in 1994.", "title": "List of Minnesota Vikings starting quarterbacks" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Target Practice is a 1974 crime novel by American author and film director Nicholas Meyer. It was Meyer's second novel but published before the bestselling \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\" that same year.", "title": "Target Practice (novel)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windsor Assembly is a FCA Canada automobile factory in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The factory opened in 1928 and started minivan production in 1983. Windsor Assembly is Windsor's largest employer with 6,108 employees (5,847 hourly; 243 salaried).", "title": "Windsor Assembly" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Just Good Friends is a British sitcom written by John Sullivan. It starred Paul Nicholas and Jan Francis as former lovers Vincent Pinner and Penny Warrender, who meet in a pub five years after he jilted her at the altar.", "title": "Just Good Friends" } ]	What year did Nicholas Wade's employer start?	1851	[]	Title: Terrell Wade Passage: Wade was signed by the Atlanta Braves originally as a free agent in 1991. Wade earned a World Series ring by pitching in three games in 1995, a total of four innings. His best season as a major leaguer was 1996 in which he pitched in 44 games, going 5-0 with an ERA of 2.97. Title: Wade Simmons Passage: Wade Simmons (born 20 September 1973) is a mountain biker from Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada who has won the Red Bull Rampage Utah 2001 and placed second in the same year in the Red Bull Rampage Australia. He is currently on the Rocky Mountain Bicycles factory team. Title: Before the Dawn (book) Passage: Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors is a non-fiction book by Nicholas Wade, a science reporter for "The New York Times". It was published in 2006 by the Penguin Group. By drawing upon research on the human genome, the book attempts to piece together what Wade calls "two vanished periods": the five million years of human evolution from the development of bipedalism leading up to behavioural modernity around 50,000 years ago, and the 45,000 subsequent years of prehistory. Title: Target Practice (novel) Passage: Target Practice is a 1974 crime novel by American author and film director Nicholas Meyer. It was Meyer's second novel but published before the bestselling "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution" that same year. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive. Title: Lewis Wade Jones Passage: Lewis Wade Jones (March 13, 1910September 1979) was a sociologist and teacher. He was born in Cuero, Texas, the son of Wade E. and Lucynthia McDade Jones. A member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, he received his A.B. degree from Fisk University in 1931, and followed it with postgraduate study as a Social Science Research Council Fellow at the University of Chicago in 1931-1932. Title: Tommy Wade Passage: Thomas Virgil Wade (born May 23, 1942) is a former American football player who played 2 seasons as quarterback in the NFL with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Prior to that he had started at quarterback for the University of Texas and played on the National Championship team in 1963. He is perhaps best known as a back-up quarterback who engineered a 4th-quarter, touchdown drive in Texas' final regular season game of 1963 to win the game and the National Championship. Title: Temporary foreign worker program in Canada Passage: The Temporary foreign worker program or TFWP is a program of the Government of Canada to allow employers in Canada to hire foreign nationals. When the program started in 1973, most of the workers brought in were high - skill workers such as specialist doctors. In 2002 a ``low - skilled workers ''category was added; this category now makes up most of the temporary foreign workforce. In 2006, the program was expanded and fast - tracking introduced for some locations. It was revised again in 2013, raising wages, charging employer fees, and removing the accelerated applications. Title: National Recovery Administration Passage: The first director of the NRA was Hugh S. Johnson, a retired United States Army general and a successful businessman. He was named Time magazine's ``Man of the Year ''in 1933. Johnson saw the NRA as a national crusade designed to restore employment and regenerate industry. Title: Kenny Dwan Passage: Dwan was born in Rotherhithe, London to a family of lightermen in the Port of London. He joined Poplar Blackwall and District Rowing Club at the age of 12 initially as a cox but soon as an oarsman. When he was 15 he was apprenticed as lighterman to his grandfather Williams and this allowed him to enter the novice sculls in the National Dock Labour Board (NDLB) regatta at Putney. He won the race which included contestants of that year’s Doggett's Coat and Badge Race. While he was sculling he continued working as a lighterman and worked for Humphrey & Grey starting as a boy in the tug Sir John. After two year with Humphrey & Grey he obtained his lighterman’s licence and went on the dock labour pool to experience a variety of firms. During 1967 the decasualisation scheme following Devlin’s report was implemented and all dock workers had to be allocated to an employer. Dwan was allocated to F.T. Everard at Greenhithe, of whom he said “The management were very good to me in allowing me time to train. I could not have wished for better employers”. Title: Elizabeth Flint Wade Passage: Elizabeth Flint Wade (1849–1915) was an early 20th-century American author, poet and pictorial photographer. She is best known for the photographs she exhibited with Rose Clark under their joint names, either as "Rose Clark and Elizabeth Flint Wade" or as "Misses Clark and Wade". Title: Windsor Assembly Passage: Windsor Assembly is a FCA Canada automobile factory in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The factory opened in 1928 and started minivan production in 1983. Windsor Assembly is Windsor's largest employer with 6,108 employees (5,847 hourly; 243 salaried). Title: Ready Player One (film) Passage: Lena Waithe as Aech / Helen Harris, a Gunter and long - time friend of Wade's who works as a mechanic in the OASIS. Title: Just Good Friends Passage: Just Good Friends is a British sitcom written by John Sullivan. It starred Paul Nicholas and Jan Francis as former lovers Vincent Pinner and Penny Warrender, who meet in a pub five years after he jilted her at the altar. Title: Canadian Human Rights Commission Passage: The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the "Canadian Human Rights Act" to investigate and try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the "Employment Equity Act" to ensure that federally regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people, the disabled and visible minorities. The CHRC helps enforce these human rights and inform the general public and employers of these rights. Title: List of Minnesota Vikings starting quarterbacks Passage: Tarkenton returned for another seven - year spell as the Vikings' starting quarterback in 1972, continuing until his retirement in 1978, at which point Tommy Kramer was promoted from the second string in his second season with the franchise. Kramer was injured for most of the 1983 season, so Steve Dils served as the starting quarterback for most of the season, before Kramer reclaimed the position in 1984. For the 1987 season, Kramer shared quarterback duties with Wade Wilson, before Wilson took over on a permanent basis from 1988. Wilson was replaced by the emerging Rich Gannon in 1990, but Gannon was released after the 1992 season and veteran Jim McMahon took over for the 1993 season until the arrival of Warren Moon in 1994. Title: Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant Passage: Operated by Vale Limited, construction on the plant started in April 2009 and operations began in 2014. Construction costs were in excess of CAD $4.25 billion. Construction involved over 3,200 workers generating approximately 3,000 person-years of employment. Operation of the plant will require approximately 475 workers. Title: Dwyane Wade Passage: Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/ dweɪn / dwain; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by the Miami Heat. He was named to the All - Rookie team and the All - Star team the following twelve seasons. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the ``Redeem Team '', in scoring, and helped them capture gold medal honors in Beijing, China. In the 2008 -- 09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. In 2016, Wade departed the Heat in free agency to play for his hometown Chicago Bulls, then leaving them after one season to join the Cavaliers. Title: The Times Passage: The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London. Title: In the Lake of the Woods Passage: In the Lake of the Woods (1994) is a novel by the American author Tim O'Brien. Related to issues of the Vietnam War theme, "In the Lake of the Woods" follows the struggle of John Wade to deal with a recently failed campaign for the United States Senate. After moving to Lake of the Woods, Minnesota, John discovers one morning that his wife Kathy is missing. Through the use of flashbacks of John's childhood, college years, and Vietnam experiences, as well as testimony and evidence from affected characters, the novel provides several hypotheses for the disappearance of Kathy Wade, leaving the decision up to the reader.	[ "Before the Dawn (book)", "The Times" ]
2hop__26983_5345	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound that includes the Santa Monica Museum of Art. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum.", "title": "Santa Monica, California" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.", "title": "Gonzales County, Texas" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Muzeum Fabryki, (Manufaktura, Museum of the Factory) is a museum in Łódź, Poland. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.", "title": "Manufaktura, Museum of the Factory" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.", "title": "Sydney" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joe Harris (January 11, 1870 - June 11, 1953) was an American actor, who between 1913 and 1923 appeared in at least 94 silent films, many of them cowboy westerns. He often played villains opposite early cowboy star Harry Carey.", "title": "Joe Harris (actor)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier. With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual structure of the Museum showcases restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve the built heritage of Kathmandu. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. The design uses local brick along with modern architectural design elements, as well as the use of circle, triangles and squares. The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize.", "title": "England" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier \"closed\" in 1893. Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile (0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer). There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region. In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities. The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable, and there has been a proposal - the \"Buffalo Commons\" - to return approximately 139,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of these drier parts to native prairie land.", "title": "Great Plains" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shchusev State Museum of Architecture is a national museum of Russian Architecture located in Moscow the capital of Russia and also a research centre to study and promote the architectural and urban heritage. The museum was founded in 1934 and is located on the Vozdvizhenka Street. The collections include more than 1 million items. The museum is named after famous Russian and Soviet architect Alexey Shchusev.", "title": "Shchusev Museum of Architecture" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kerry County Museum is a museum located in Tralee, County Kerry in Ireland. The museum is based in the Ashe Memorial Hall in the centre of Tralee. The aim of the museum is to collect, record, preserve and display the material heritage of Co. Kerry. Under the National Monuments Act (1994) and the National Cultural Institutions Act (1997), it is a designated repository for archaeological artefacts in Co. Kerry.", "title": "Kerry County Museum" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ontario Railroad Museum and Heritage Centre is a rail transport museum located in the community of Capreol in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The museum's mandate states it is, \"focused on the preservation of historical artefacts that pay tribute to the heritage of Northern Ontario and the history of the lumber, mining and railroading industries.\"", "title": "Northern Ontario Railroad Museum" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.", "title": "Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Built from 1406 to 1420, the palace complex has undergone many changes. After serving as the imperial palace for some five hundred years, the Forbidden City became a museum, the Palace Museum, in 1925. In 1987, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.", "title": "History of the Forbidden City" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Delaware & Lehigh Canal National and State Heritage Corridor (D&L) is a National Heritage Area in eastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It stretches from north to south, across five counties and over one hundred municipalities. It follows the historic routes of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Lehigh Navigation, Lehigh Canal, and the Delaware Canal, from Bristol (northeast of Philadelphia) to Wilkes-Barre in the northeastern part of the state. The backbone of the Corridor is the D & L Trail. The Corridor's mission is to preserve heritage and conserve green space for public use in Bucks, Northampton, Lehigh, Carbon, and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania. It also operates Hugh Moore Historical Park & Museums, which includes the National Canal Museum.", "title": "Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum, in Wetaskiwin, Alberta, Canada celebrates the early history of Wetaskiwin and area. The Museum serves the public by documenting and telling the stories of the courageous individuals who settled here to create the city and district. The Wetaskiwin Heritage Museum is primarily a pioneer museum, dedicated to the documentation and research of early Wetaskiwin settlement, businesses, and lifestyles.", "title": "Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Plazuela El Recreo is a traditional square located in the Peruvian city of Trujillo in La Libertad Region in northern Peru. Situated at the 8th block of the Pizarro street in the Historic Centre of Trujillo in this square are held cultural shows and in March 2012 was the scenery of Trujillo Book Festival. The square has high ficus around. This square has been declared Monumental Heritage of the Nation by the National Institute of Culture of Peru.", "title": "Plazuela El Recreo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees.", "title": "National Museum of Natural History" } ]	How many square miles is the city where the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum is located?	620.34 square miles	[]	Title: Gonzales County, Texas Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water. Title: National Museum of Natural History Passage: The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees. Title: London Passage: London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square. Title: Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature Passage: The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture. Title: Joe Harris (actor) Passage: Joe Harris (January 11, 1870 - June 11, 1953) was an American actor, who between 1913 and 1923 appeared in at least 94 silent films, many of them cowboy westerns. He often played villains opposite early cowboy star Harry Carey. Title: Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum Passage: The Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum, in Wetaskiwin, Alberta, Canada celebrates the early history of Wetaskiwin and area. The Museum serves the public by documenting and telling the stories of the courageous individuals who settled here to create the city and district. The Wetaskiwin Heritage Museum is primarily a pioneer museum, dedicated to the documentation and research of early Wetaskiwin settlement, businesses, and lifestyles. Title: Kathmandu Passage: The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual structure of the Museum showcases restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve the built heritage of Kathmandu. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. The design uses local brick along with modern architectural design elements, as well as the use of circle, triangles and squares. The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower. Title: Manufaktura, Museum of the Factory Passage: The Muzeum Fabryki, (Manufaktura, Museum of the Factory) is a museum in Łódź, Poland. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. Title: Northern Ontario Railroad Museum Passage: The Northern Ontario Railroad Museum and Heritage Centre is a rail transport museum located in the community of Capreol in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The museum's mandate states it is, "focused on the preservation of historical artefacts that pay tribute to the heritage of Northern Ontario and the history of the lumber, mining and railroading industries." Title: Plazuela El Recreo Passage: The Plazuela El Recreo is a traditional square located in the Peruvian city of Trujillo in La Libertad Region in northern Peru. Situated at the 8th block of the Pizarro street in the Historic Centre of Trujillo in this square are held cultural shows and in March 2012 was the scenery of Trujillo Book Festival. The square has high ficus around. This square has been declared Monumental Heritage of the Nation by the National Institute of Culture of Peru. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water. Title: Santa Monica, California Passage: The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound that includes the Santa Monica Museum of Art. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum. Title: Kerry County Museum Passage: Kerry County Museum is a museum located in Tralee, County Kerry in Ireland. The museum is based in the Ashe Memorial Hall in the centre of Tralee. The aim of the museum is to collect, record, preserve and display the material heritage of Co. Kerry. Under the National Monuments Act (1994) and the National Cultural Institutions Act (1997), it is a designated repository for archaeological artefacts in Co. Kerry. Title: Shchusev Museum of Architecture Passage: The Shchusev State Museum of Architecture is a national museum of Russian Architecture located in Moscow the capital of Russia and also a research centre to study and promote the architectural and urban heritage. The museum was founded in 1934 and is located on the Vozdvizhenka Street. The collections include more than 1 million items. The museum is named after famous Russian and Soviet architect Alexey Shchusev. Title: Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor Passage: The Delaware & Lehigh Canal National and State Heritage Corridor (D&L) is a National Heritage Area in eastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It stretches from north to south, across five counties and over one hundred municipalities. It follows the historic routes of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Lehigh Navigation, Lehigh Canal, and the Delaware Canal, from Bristol (northeast of Philadelphia) to Wilkes-Barre in the northeastern part of the state. The backbone of the Corridor is the D & L Trail. The Corridor's mission is to preserve heritage and conserve green space for public use in Bucks, Northampton, Lehigh, Carbon, and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania. It also operates Hugh Moore Historical Park & Museums, which includes the National Canal Museum. Title: History of the Forbidden City Passage: Built from 1406 to 1420, the palace complex has undergone many changes. After serving as the imperial palace for some five hundred years, the Forbidden City became a museum, the Palace Museum, in 1925. In 1987, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Title: England Passage: English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize. Title: Great Plains Passage: The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier "closed" in 1893. Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile (0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer). There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region. In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities. The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable, and there has been a proposal - the "Buffalo Commons" - to return approximately 139,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of these drier parts to native prairie land. Title: Sydney Passage: Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. Title: Oklahoma Passage: The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier. With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.	[ "Oklahoma", "Oklahoma City" ]
2hop__389770_20122	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers. During this time, they were billed as Queen + followed by the guest singer's name. In 1998, the duo appeared at Luciano Pavarotti's benefit concert with May performing \"Too Much Love Will Kill You\" with Pavarotti, later playing \"Radio Ga Ga\", \"We Will Rock You\", and \"We Are the Champions\" with Zucchero. They again attended and performed at Pavarotti's benefit concert in Modena, Italy in May 2003. Several of the guest singers recorded new versions of Queen's hits under the Queen + name, such as Robbie Williams providing vocals for \"We Are the Champions\" for the soundtrack of A Knight's Tale (2001).", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the outbreak of the war in 1939, Zirnheld was assigned to a Défense Contre Avions (DCA) unit in Lebanon. Zirnheld tried to transfer to serve in the Metropolitan Army in France, but the Armistice was signed before he could do so. Zirnheld then defected to British-held Palestine to join the Free French forces. He was assigned to the 1st Colonial Infantry Battalion as a private and served at the Battle of Sidi Barani. Because of his education, he was reassigned as the Deputy Director of the Department of Information and Propaganda in Cairo. Although this was a \"safe\" position, he requested a frontline posting. He was then sent to the Officer Candidates' School in Brazzaville, French Congo, where he graduated 5th in his class as an Aspirant (Brevet-Lieutenant).", "title": "André Zirnheld" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USS \"Constellation\" vs \"La Vengeance\", or the Action of 1 February 1800, was a single-ship action fought between frigates of the French Navy and the United States Navy during the Quasi-War. In the battle the American frigate USS \"Constellation\" tried to take the French frigate \"La Vengeance\" as a prize. Both ships were heavily damaged. Although the French frigate struck her colors twice, she managed to flee only after the main mast of her opponent had fallen.", "title": "USS Constellation vs La Vengeance" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Evermore ''is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live - action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast,`` Evermore'' was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version was made available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's single is played in closing credits.", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.", "title": "Canada Act 1982" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Evermore ''is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live - action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast,`` Evermore'' was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during the film's closing credits.", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curtis moved to the United States where he signed with the Brooklyn Wanderers of the American Soccer League. At Wanderers he played beside another ex Queen of the South player, David Robertson.", "title": "Bobby Curtis (Scottish footballer)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The French troops immediately took up pursuit but were delayed in the Battle of Eylau on 9 February 1807 by an East Prussian contingent under General Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq. Napoleon had to stay at the Finckenstein Palace, but in May, after a siege of 75 days, his troops led by Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre were able to capture the city Danzig, which had been tenaciously defended by General Count Friedrich Adolf von Kalkreuth. On 14 June, Napoleon ended the War of the Fourth Coalition with his victory at the Battle of Friedland. Frederick William and Queen Louise met with Napoleon for peace negotiations, and on 9 July the Prussian king signed the Treaty of Tilsit.", "title": "East Prussia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed \"The Show Must Go On\" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records.", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rocheserviere was fought at Rocheservière on the 20 June 1815, between Vendéan Royalists, who had remained loyal to King Louis XVIII during the Hundred Days, and Napoleon's Army of the West, commanded by General Jean Maximilien Lamarque. The battle ended with the defeat of the Royalist forces. Five days later the Treaty of Cholet was signed, ending the hostilities.", "title": "Battle of Rocheserviere" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queens Club was an alternative rock band from Kansas City, Missouri who were signed to Tooth & Nail Records. Queens Club formed in 2007 with former members of The Chariot, Dan Eaton (Vocals/ guitar), and Jake Ryan (drums), as well as Andy Nichols (guitar) and Tyler Bottles (bass). The band signed to Tooth and Nail records in 2009, and has released one EP, \"Nightmarer\", and one full-length album \"Young Giant\".", "title": "Queens Club (band)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lapua was fought between Swedish and Russian troops on 14 July 1808 at Lapua, Finland. The Russians had set up defences around Lapua. The Swedes tried to outflank and surround the defending Russians. The Björneborg Regiment under Georg Carl von Döbeln distinguished itself during the battle.", "title": "Battle of Lapua" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guillén Pérez de Guzmán (ca. 1180–1233), a member of the House of Guzmán, one of the most aristocratic of the Kingdom of Castile, was the maternal grandfather of Queen Beatrice of Castile, Queen Consort of Portugal as the wife of King Alfonso III. His father was Pedro Rodríguez de Guzmán—killed in the Battle of Alarcos on July 18, 1195and son of Rodrigo Muñoz de Guzmán—and Mahalda With his brothers Nuño and Theobald, he fought alongside King Alfonso VIII at the decisive Battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212. Even though his kinsmen supported the Laras during the crisis that ensued after the death of King Alfonso VIII, Guillén, probably because of his marriage to a member of the Girón clan, supported Queen Berengaria of Castile and her son, the future king Ferdinand III.", "title": "Guillén Pérez de Guzmán" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"The Battle of Evermore\" is a folk duet sung by Robert Plant and Sandy Denny, featured on Led Zeppelin's untitled 1971 album, commonly known as \"Led Zeppelin IV\". The song's instrumentation features acoustic guitar and mandolin playing.", "title": "The Battle of Evermore" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Qurna was a battle during the Iraq War between the Multinational force in Iraq and Iraqi insurgents. The battle took part in Al-Qurna. In the battle, the insurgents tried to take the control of the city from the allies, mainly Danish, Lithuanian and British soldiers. The insurgents were later forced to retreat.", "title": "Battle of Qurna (Iraq War)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time.", "title": "Queen (band)" } ]	What manager of the group that performed The Battle of Evermore tried to sign Queen?	Peter Grant	[]	Title: Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) Passage: ``Evermore ''is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live - action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast,`` Evermore'' was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version was made available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's single is played in closing credits. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position. Title: Battle of Rocheserviere Passage: The Battle of Rocheserviere was fought at Rocheservière on the 20 June 1815, between Vendéan Royalists, who had remained loyal to King Louis XVIII during the Hundred Days, and Napoleon's Army of the West, commanded by General Jean Maximilien Lamarque. The battle ended with the defeat of the Royalist forces. Five days later the Treaty of Cholet was signed, ending the hostilities. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record "No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed "The Show Must Go On" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again. Title: Queens Club (band) Passage: Queens Club was an alternative rock band from Kansas City, Missouri who were signed to Tooth & Nail Records. Queens Club formed in 2007 with former members of The Chariot, Dan Eaton (Vocals/ guitar), and Jake Ryan (drums), as well as Andy Nichols (guitar) and Tyler Bottles (bass). The band signed to Tooth and Nail records in 2009, and has released one EP, "Nightmarer", and one full-length album "Young Giant". Title: Guillén Pérez de Guzmán Passage: Guillén Pérez de Guzmán (ca. 1180–1233), a member of the House of Guzmán, one of the most aristocratic of the Kingdom of Castile, was the maternal grandfather of Queen Beatrice of Castile, Queen Consort of Portugal as the wife of King Alfonso III. His father was Pedro Rodríguez de Guzmán—killed in the Battle of Alarcos on July 18, 1195and son of Rodrigo Muñoz de Guzmán—and Mahalda With his brothers Nuño and Theobald, he fought alongside King Alfonso VIII at the decisive Battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212. Even though his kinsmen supported the Laras during the crisis that ensued after the death of King Alfonso VIII, Guillén, probably because of his marriage to a member of the Girón clan, supported Queen Berengaria of Castile and her son, the future king Ferdinand III. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records. Title: The Battle of Evermore Passage: "The Battle of Evermore" is a folk duet sung by Robert Plant and Sandy Denny, featured on Led Zeppelin's untitled 1971 album, commonly known as "Led Zeppelin IV". The song's instrumentation features acoustic guitar and mandolin playing. Title: Queen (band) Passage: On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US). Title: André Zirnheld Passage: At the outbreak of the war in 1939, Zirnheld was assigned to a Défense Contre Avions (DCA) unit in Lebanon. Zirnheld tried to transfer to serve in the Metropolitan Army in France, but the Armistice was signed before he could do so. Zirnheld then defected to British-held Palestine to join the Free French forces. He was assigned to the 1st Colonial Infantry Battalion as a private and served at the Battle of Sidi Barani. Because of his education, he was reassigned as the Deputy Director of the Department of Information and Propaganda in Cairo. Although this was a "safe" position, he requested a frontline posting. He was then sent to the Officer Candidates' School in Brazzaville, French Congo, where he graduated 5th in his class as an Aspirant (Brevet-Lieutenant). Title: Bobby Curtis (Scottish footballer) Passage: Curtis moved to the United States where he signed with the Brooklyn Wanderers of the American Soccer League. At Wanderers he played beside another ex Queen of the South player, David Robertson. Title: Battle of Lapua Passage: The Battle of Lapua was fought between Swedish and Russian troops on 14 July 1808 at Lapua, Finland. The Russians had set up defences around Lapua. The Swedes tried to outflank and surround the defending Russians. The Björneborg Regiment under Georg Carl von Döbeln distinguished itself during the battle. Title: Queen (band) Passage: Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers. During this time, they were billed as Queen + followed by the guest singer's name. In 1998, the duo appeared at Luciano Pavarotti's benefit concert with May performing "Too Much Love Will Kill You" with Pavarotti, later playing "Radio Ga Ga", "We Will Rock You", and "We Are the Champions" with Zucchero. They again attended and performed at Pavarotti's benefit concert in Modena, Italy in May 2003. Several of the guest singers recorded new versions of Queen's hits under the Queen + name, such as Robbie Williams providing vocals for "We Are the Champions" for the soundtrack of A Knight's Tale (2001). Title: Battle of Qurna (Iraq War) Passage: Battle of Qurna was a battle during the Iraq War between the Multinational force in Iraq and Iraqi insurgents. The battle took part in Al-Qurna. In the battle, the insurgents tried to take the control of the city from the allies, mainly Danish, Lithuanian and British soldiers. The insurgents were later forced to retreat. Title: Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) Passage: ``Evermore ''is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live - action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast,`` Evermore'' was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during the film's closing credits. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s. Title: East Prussia Passage: After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The French troops immediately took up pursuit but were delayed in the Battle of Eylau on 9 February 1807 by an East Prussian contingent under General Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq. Napoleon had to stay at the Finckenstein Palace, but in May, after a siege of 75 days, his troops led by Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre were able to capture the city Danzig, which had been tenaciously defended by General Count Friedrich Adolf von Kalkreuth. On 14 June, Napoleon ended the War of the Fourth Coalition with his victory at the Battle of Friedland. Frederick William and Queen Louise met with Napoleon for peace negotiations, and on 9 July the Prussian king signed the Treaty of Tilsit. Title: Canada Act 1982 Passage: Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms. Title: USS Constellation vs La Vengeance Passage: The USS "Constellation" vs "La Vengeance", or the Action of 1 February 1800, was a single-ship action fought between frigates of the French Navy and the United States Navy during the Quasi-War. In the battle the American frigate USS "Constellation" tried to take the French frigate "La Vengeance" as a prize. Both ships were heavily damaged. Although the French frigate struck her colors twice, she managed to flee only after the main mast of her opponent had fallen.	[ "Queen (band)", "The Battle of Evermore" ]
2hop__708311_62776	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Substitution Mass Confusion: A Tribute to The Cars is a 2005 compilation album featuring covers of songs originally performed by the American rock band The Cars. The album was released by Not Lame Recordings. Many of the performers featured on the album were from the Boston area, where The Cars first gained exposure in the late 1970s.", "title": "Substitution Mass Confusion: A Tribute to The Cars" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilit Bleyan (; born 2 June 1978) is an Armenian songwriter, singer. She writes and performs songs in Armenian, Spanish and English. The first album “In another City” was presented in November 2011. A second album with songs mostly in Spanish was released in November 2013.", "title": "Lilit Bleyan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Loving the Alien\" is a song written and recorded by David Bowie. It was the opening track to his sixteenth studio album \"Tonight\". One of two tracks on the album written solely by Bowie, an edited version of the song was released as a single in May 1985, nine months after the release of lead single \"Blue Jean\" and eight months after the release of the album. \"Loving the Alien\" peaked at No. 19 in the UK Singles Chart. The song explored Bowie's \"intense dislike\" of organized religion. \"Loving the Alien\" inspired the title of Christopher Sandford's 1997 biography of Bowie and the 2018 Bowie box set release, \"Loving The Alien (1983-1988)\".", "title": "Loving the Alien" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "XXV: The Essential is a compilation album written and mostly performed by Mike Oldfield and released in 1997. The Roman numerals XXV are to represent that this is a compilation pieces of the first 25 years of Oldfield's work.", "title": "XXV: The Essential" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Search of Truth is the third album by Swedish progressive metal band Evergrey. The album is a concept album dealing with alien abductions, primarily based on and inspired by the allegedly factual account of alien abduction victim Whitley Strieber's book \"Communion\". Since the album's release, it has been critically acclaimed and is generally considered to be the band's magnum opus.", "title": "In Search of Truth" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orchestral Favorites is an album by Frank Zappa first released in May 1979 on his own DiscReet Records label. The album is instrumental and features music performed by the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra.", "title": "Orchestral Favorites" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trouble Doll (The Disappointing 3rd LP) is the third album by B.A.L.L., released in 1989 through Shimmy Disc. The first half is a studio album that contains new material, while the second half contain a live performance recorded at CBGB in New York City.", "title": "Trouble Doll (The Disappointing 3rd LP)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Dance into the Light\" is a song performed by Phil Collins and released in 1996 as the first single from the album \"Dance into the Light\".", "title": "Dance into the Light (song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ten Songs in the Key of Betrayal is the fourth and final album by alternative rock group Alien Crime Syndicate released in 2004 through The Control Group and EMI.", "title": "Ten Songs in the Key of Betrayal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atavachron is the fourth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1986 through Enigma Records (United States) and JMS–Cream Records (Europe). The album's title and seventh track, as well as the cover art, are references to the Atavachron alien time travel device from the \"\" episode \"\". \"Atavachron\" marks Holdsworth's first recorded use of the SynthAxe, an instrument which would be featured prominently on many of his future albums.", "title": "Atavachron" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathryn Ladano is a bass clarinet player from Kitchener, Ontario Canada. She has recorded four albums and has performed across Canada and internationally. Her first solo album, \"Open\", was released in August 2010. She subsequently released the album \"\"...listen\"\" with her bass clarinet/percussion duo, Stealth, in 2015.", "title": "Kathryn Ladano" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer, dancer, and actress. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she performed acting roles in stage productions and television shows as a child before signing with Jive Records in 1997. Spears's first and second studio albums,... Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), became international successes, with the former becoming the best - selling album by a teenage solo artist. Title tracks ``... Baby One More Time ''and`` Oops!... I Did It Again'' broke international sales records. In 2001, Spears released her self - titled third studio album, Britney, and played the starring role in the film Crossroads (2002). She assumed creative control of her fourth studio album, In the Zone (2003), which yielded the worldwide success of the single ``Toxic ''.", "title": "Britney Spears" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Alien\" is a song by American recording artist Britney Spears for her eighth studio album \"Britney Jean\" (2013). It was written and produced by William Orbit, Ana Díaz, and Dan Traynor, with additional songwriting provided by Spears and Anthony Preston. \"Alien\" is a mid-tempo dance-pop song, which lyrically discusses Spears' feelings of loneliness.", "title": "Alien (Britney Spears song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wooden Arms is the third album by Patrick Watson, released April 28, 2009 on Secret City Records. The album's first single, \"Tracy's Waters\", was released on March 5 and the group performed a new song, \"Beijing\", on CBC Radio's \"Q\" radio show on April 6. \"Fireweed\" was also released as a single and a music video was filmed, which features both live action and animation.", "title": "Wooden Arms" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Radio Nowhere\" is the first single released from Bruce Springsteen's 2007 studio album \"Magic\". It was awarded Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance and Best Rock Song at the Grammy Awards of 2008.", "title": "Radio Nowhere" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kentucky Bluebird is a compilation album by American country music singer Keith Whitley. His first posthumous album, it was released via RCA Records Nashville in September 1991. The album consists of four previously released songs, re-orchestrated demos, and other previously unreleased songs, as well as snippets from live performances that predate his professional music career.", "title": "Kentucky Bluebird" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Will to Love\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1977 album \"American Stars 'N Bars\". A promotional single of \"Will to Love\" was released, backed with a live performance of \"Cortez the Killer.\"", "title": "Will to Love" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tychozorente is an album by Omar Rodríguez-López. The digital version was released on September 14, 2010, and the CD was released by Rodriguez Lopez Productions in Europe on November 18, 2010. This record is Omar's first collaboration with DJ Nobody and his first release to feature no guitar. Two songs, \"Polaridad\" and \"El Todo\" were premiered during a performance by Omar Rodriguez Lopez Group at Metamorphose Festival, Japan, on September 4, 2010. An official video directed by Omar for \"Polaridad\" was released the day following the album's digital release.", "title": "Tychozorente" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alive in America is a live album by the American jazz rock group Steely Dan, released in 1995. It is Steely Dan's first live album. The album comprises recordings from their 1993 and 1994 tours, which were the first live Steely Dan performances since 1974.", "title": "Alive in America" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Night of the Living Dregs is an album by Dixie Dregs, released in 1979. The first half of the album was recorded in the studio, and the second half at the Montreux Jazz Festival on July 23, 1978. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.", "title": "Night of the Living Dregs" } ]	When did the performer of Alien release her first album?	1999	[]	Title: Ten Songs in the Key of Betrayal Passage: Ten Songs in the Key of Betrayal is the fourth and final album by alternative rock group Alien Crime Syndicate released in 2004 through The Control Group and EMI. Title: Substitution Mass Confusion: A Tribute to The Cars Passage: Substitution Mass Confusion: A Tribute to The Cars is a 2005 compilation album featuring covers of songs originally performed by the American rock band The Cars. The album was released by Not Lame Recordings. Many of the performers featured on the album were from the Boston area, where The Cars first gained exposure in the late 1970s. Title: Trouble Doll (The Disappointing 3rd LP) Passage: Trouble Doll (The Disappointing 3rd LP) is the third album by B.A.L.L., released in 1989 through Shimmy Disc. The first half is a studio album that contains new material, while the second half contain a live performance recorded at CBGB in New York City. Title: Loving the Alien Passage: "Loving the Alien" is a song written and recorded by David Bowie. It was the opening track to his sixteenth studio album "Tonight". One of two tracks on the album written solely by Bowie, an edited version of the song was released as a single in May 1985, nine months after the release of lead single "Blue Jean" and eight months after the release of the album. "Loving the Alien" peaked at No. 19 in the UK Singles Chart. The song explored Bowie's "intense dislike" of organized religion. "Loving the Alien" inspired the title of Christopher Sandford's 1997 biography of Bowie and the 2018 Bowie box set release, "Loving The Alien (1983-1988)". Title: Wooden Arms Passage: Wooden Arms is the third album by Patrick Watson, released April 28, 2009 on Secret City Records. The album's first single, "Tracy's Waters", was released on March 5 and the group performed a new song, "Beijing", on CBC Radio's "Q" radio show on April 6. "Fireweed" was also released as a single and a music video was filmed, which features both live action and animation. Title: Alien (Britney Spears song) Passage: "Alien" is a song by American recording artist Britney Spears for her eighth studio album "Britney Jean" (2013). It was written and produced by William Orbit, Ana Díaz, and Dan Traynor, with additional songwriting provided by Spears and Anthony Preston. "Alien" is a mid-tempo dance-pop song, which lyrically discusses Spears' feelings of loneliness. Title: Atavachron Passage: Atavachron is the fourth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1986 through Enigma Records (United States) and JMS–Cream Records (Europe). The album's title and seventh track, as well as the cover art, are references to the Atavachron alien time travel device from the "" episode "". "Atavachron" marks Holdsworth's first recorded use of the SynthAxe, an instrument which would be featured prominently on many of his future albums. Title: Kathryn Ladano Passage: Kathryn Ladano is a bass clarinet player from Kitchener, Ontario Canada. She has recorded four albums and has performed across Canada and internationally. Her first solo album, "Open", was released in August 2010. She subsequently released the album ""...listen"" with her bass clarinet/percussion duo, Stealth, in 2015. Title: Radio Nowhere Passage: "Radio Nowhere" is the first single released from Bruce Springsteen's 2007 studio album "Magic". It was awarded Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance and Best Rock Song at the Grammy Awards of 2008. Title: Orchestral Favorites Passage: Orchestral Favorites is an album by Frank Zappa first released in May 1979 on his own DiscReet Records label. The album is instrumental and features music performed by the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra. Title: Alive in America Passage: Alive in America is a live album by the American jazz rock group Steely Dan, released in 1995. It is Steely Dan's first live album. The album comprises recordings from their 1993 and 1994 tours, which were the first live Steely Dan performances since 1974. Title: Will to Love Passage: "Will to Love" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1977 album "American Stars 'N Bars". A promotional single of "Will to Love" was released, backed with a live performance of "Cortez the Killer." Title: In Search of Truth Passage: In Search of Truth is the third album by Swedish progressive metal band Evergrey. The album is a concept album dealing with alien abductions, primarily based on and inspired by the allegedly factual account of alien abduction victim Whitley Strieber's book "Communion". Since the album's release, it has been critically acclaimed and is generally considered to be the band's magnum opus. Title: Kentucky Bluebird Passage: Kentucky Bluebird is a compilation album by American country music singer Keith Whitley. His first posthumous album, it was released via RCA Records Nashville in September 1991. The album consists of four previously released songs, re-orchestrated demos, and other previously unreleased songs, as well as snippets from live performances that predate his professional music career. Title: Britney Spears Passage: Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer, dancer, and actress. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she performed acting roles in stage productions and television shows as a child before signing with Jive Records in 1997. Spears's first and second studio albums,... Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), became international successes, with the former becoming the best - selling album by a teenage solo artist. Title tracks ``... Baby One More Time ''and`` Oops!... I Did It Again'' broke international sales records. In 2001, Spears released her self - titled third studio album, Britney, and played the starring role in the film Crossroads (2002). She assumed creative control of her fourth studio album, In the Zone (2003), which yielded the worldwide success of the single ``Toxic ''. Title: Tychozorente Passage: Tychozorente is an album by Omar Rodríguez-López. The digital version was released on September 14, 2010, and the CD was released by Rodriguez Lopez Productions in Europe on November 18, 2010. This record is Omar's first collaboration with DJ Nobody and his first release to feature no guitar. Two songs, "Polaridad" and "El Todo" were premiered during a performance by Omar Rodriguez Lopez Group at Metamorphose Festival, Japan, on September 4, 2010. An official video directed by Omar for "Polaridad" was released the day following the album's digital release. Title: Dance into the Light (song) Passage: "Dance into the Light" is a song performed by Phil Collins and released in 1996 as the first single from the album "Dance into the Light". Title: Lilit Bleyan Passage: Lilit Bleyan (; born 2 June 1978) is an Armenian songwriter, singer. She writes and performs songs in Armenian, Spanish and English. The first album “In another City” was presented in November 2011. A second album with songs mostly in Spanish was released in November 2013. Title: XXV: The Essential Passage: XXV: The Essential is a compilation album written and mostly performed by Mike Oldfield and released in 1997. The Roman numerals XXV are to represent that this is a compilation pieces of the first 25 years of Oldfield's work. Title: Night of the Living Dregs Passage: Night of the Living Dregs is an album by Dixie Dregs, released in 1979. The first half of the album was recorded in the studio, and the second half at the Montreux Jazz Festival on July 23, 1978. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.	[ "Britney Spears", "Alien (Britney Spears song)" ]
4hop1__809770_539917_832557_22737	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since October 1, 1949, when, after a near complete victory by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen. The PRC has for several decades been synonymous with China, but it is only the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC) and thousands of years of imperial dynasties.", "title": "History of the People's Republic of China" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiribati maintains close relations with its Pacific neighbours, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan and Fiji. The first three of these provide the majority of the country's foreign aid. Taiwan and Japan also have specified-period licences to fish in Kiribati's waters. There are four resident diplomatic missions headquartered in Kiribati: the Embassies of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Cuba and the High Commissions of Australia and New Zealand.", "title": "Kiribati" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the United States in Beijing is the diplomatic mission of the United States in China. It serves as the administrative office of the United States Ambassador to China. The embassy complex is in Chaoyang District, Beijing.", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Beijing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on \"The Competition\" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema.", "title": "Khodzhakuli Narliev" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait.", "title": "Embassy of France, London" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.", "title": "Armenia–Singapore relations" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 2014, he was elected as one of the 11 representatives of the French in Israel and in Palestinian territories, in the advisory \"\". In the election organized by the Embassy of France, more than 60,000 voters were asked to vote (representing 150,000 French living in Israel and in Palestinian territories). For this election, Jonathan-Simon Sellem was the head of the UMP-UDI list (right, center-right), which gained 1528 votes, 50.38%.", "title": "Jonathan-Simon Sellem" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of China in Moscow (Russian: Посольство Китайской Народной Республики в Российской Федерации, Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯联邦大使馆) is the chief diplomatic mission of China in the Russian Federation. It is located at 6 Druzhby Street () in the Ramenki District of Moscow.", "title": "Embassy of China in Moscow" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as ``going to the brink ''in an interview with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles under the Eisenhower administration, during the Cold War. In an article written in Life Magazine, John Foster Dulles then defined his policy of brinkmanship as`` The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.'' During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to coerce the Soviet Union into backing down militarily. Eventually, the threats involved might become so huge as to be unmanageable at which point both sides are likely to back down. This was the case during the Cold War; the escalation of threats of nuclear war, if carried out, are likely to lead to mutually assured destruction.", "title": "Brinkmanship" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rozovsky was an alumna of Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), which is now called the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. His father was Alexander Evseevich Rozovsky, and his mother was Nonna (Anna) Naumovna (née Poliak).He began his career at the Lennauchfilm film studio, where he started as a cameraman. He then joined Lenfilm studio, where he worked as a cinematographer.", "title": "Eduard Rozovsky" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.", "title": "Germany–Norway relations" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy opened at its Jerusalem location on May 14, 2018, the 70th anniversary of the creation of the modern State of Israel. It was relocated from its previous site in Tel Aviv by the Donald Trump Administration and is situated in the Arnona section of the US Consulate. The opening prayer was delivered by the Evangelical Reverend Robert Jeffress, and the closing prayer was given by the Evangelical Reverend John C. Hagee.The move came 23 years after the passage of the Jerusalem Embassy Act of October 23, 1995, which set a deadline of May 31, 1999, for the move. The Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations had all deferred the move. Eugene Kontorovich claimed that the decision to shift the US embassy to this area is tantamount to the United States recognizing Israeli sovereignty over land that it captured in the Six-Day War in 1967.However, despite the move of the Embassy to Jerusalem, President Trump signed on June 4, 2018 an executive order postponing the move of the Embassy to Jerusalem, although it already moved to that city. He was required to sign the order since the Jerusalem Embassy Act requires the US Ambassador to have a permanent residence in Jerusalem, a condition not yet fulfilled.", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since October 1, 1949, when, after a near complete victory by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen. The PRC has for several decades been synonymous with China, but it is only the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC) and thousands of years of imperial dynasties.", "title": "History of the People's Republic of China" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Brandt Mle 1935 60-mm mortar () was a company-level indirect-fire weapon of the French army during the Second World War. Designed by Edgar Brandt, it was copied by other countries, such as the United States and China, as well as purchased and built by Romania. The mortar continued to be used by France after the war until at least the 1960s.", "title": "Brandt Mle 1935" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" } ]	Why did the UK and France get involved with the war against the country where Eduard Rozovsky was educated?	Russia's rejection of the ultimatum	[ "Russian Federation", "Rus", "ru", "RUS", "Russia", "RU" ]	Title: Khodzhakuli Narliev Passage: Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on "The Competition" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema. Title: Kiribati Passage: Kiribati maintains close relations with its Pacific neighbours, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan and Fiji. The first three of these provide the majority of the country's foreign aid. Taiwan and Japan also have specified-period licences to fish in Kiribati's waters. There are four resident diplomatic missions headquartered in Kiribati: the Embassies of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Cuba and the High Commissions of Australia and New Zealand. Title: Armenia–Singapore relations Passage: Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia. Title: Germany–Norway relations Passage: Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg. Title: Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem Passage: The Embassy opened at its Jerusalem location on May 14, 2018, the 70th anniversary of the creation of the modern State of Israel. It was relocated from its previous site in Tel Aviv by the Donald Trump Administration and is situated in the Arnona section of the US Consulate. The opening prayer was delivered by the Evangelical Reverend Robert Jeffress, and the closing prayer was given by the Evangelical Reverend John C. Hagee.The move came 23 years after the passage of the Jerusalem Embassy Act of October 23, 1995, which set a deadline of May 31, 1999, for the move. The Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations had all deferred the move. Eugene Kontorovich claimed that the decision to shift the US embassy to this area is tantamount to the United States recognizing Israeli sovereignty over land that it captured in the Six-Day War in 1967.However, despite the move of the Embassy to Jerusalem, President Trump signed on June 4, 2018 an executive order postponing the move of the Embassy to Jerusalem, although it already moved to that city. He was required to sign the order since the Jerusalem Embassy Act requires the US Ambassador to have a permanent residence in Jerusalem, a condition not yet fulfilled. Title: Jonathan-Simon Sellem Passage: In January 2014, he was elected as one of the 11 representatives of the French in Israel and in Palestinian territories, in the advisory "". In the election organized by the Embassy of France, more than 60,000 voters were asked to vote (representing 150,000 French living in Israel and in Palestinian territories). For this election, Jonathan-Simon Sellem was the head of the UMP-UDI list (right, center-right), which gained 1528 votes, 50.38%. Title: Eduard Rozovsky Passage: Rozovsky was an alumna of Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), which is now called the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. His father was Alexander Evseevich Rozovsky, and his mother was Nonna (Anna) Naumovna (née Poliak).He began his career at the Lennauchfilm film studio, where he started as a cameraman. He then joined Lenfilm studio, where he worked as a cinematographer. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Embassy of China in Moscow Passage: The Embassy of China in Moscow (Russian: Посольство Китайской Народной Республики в Российской Федерации, Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯联邦大使馆) is the chief diplomatic mission of China in the Russian Federation. It is located at 6 Druzhby Street () in the Ramenki District of Moscow. Title: History of the People's Republic of China Passage: The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since October 1, 1949, when, after a near complete victory by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen. The PRC has for several decades been synonymous with China, but it is only the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC) and thousands of years of imperial dynasties. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Embassy of the United States, Beijing Passage: The Embassy of the United States in Beijing is the diplomatic mission of the United States in China. It serves as the administrative office of the United States Ambassador to China. The embassy complex is in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Title: Embassy of France, London Passage: The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait. Title: Brandt Mle 1935 Passage: The Brandt Mle 1935 60-mm mortar () was a company-level indirect-fire weapon of the French army during the Second World War. Designed by Edgar Brandt, it was copied by other countries, such as the United States and China, as well as purchased and built by Romania. The mortar continued to be used by France after the war until at least the 1960s. Title: Deninu School Passage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Brinkmanship Passage: Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as ``going to the brink ''in an interview with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles under the Eisenhower administration, during the Cold War. In an article written in Life Magazine, John Foster Dulles then defined his policy of brinkmanship as`` The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.'' During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to coerce the Soviet Union into backing down militarily. Eventually, the threats involved might become so huge as to be unmanageable at which point both sides are likely to back down. This was the case during the Cold War; the escalation of threats of nuclear war, if carried out, are likely to lead to mutually assured destruction. Title: History of the People's Republic of China Passage: The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since October 1, 1949, when, after a near complete victory by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen. The PRC has for several decades been synonymous with China, but it is only the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC) and thousands of years of imperial dynasties. Title: Crimean War Passage: Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war.	[ "Khodzhakuli Narliev", "Embassy of China in Moscow", "Crimean War", "Eduard Rozovsky" ]
3hop1__590056_280519_81233	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Silver Dollar is a 1932 American pre-Code biographical film starring Edward G. Robinson, Bebe Daniels and Aline MacMahon. Based on David Karsner's biography of the same name, it tells the story of the rise and fall of Horace Tabor (renamed Yates Martin), a silver tycoon in 19th century Colorado.", "title": "Silver Dollar (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their own additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem -- played specifically in the presence of the monarch -- of all the aforementioned countries, as well as Australia (since 1984), Canada (since 1980), Barbados and Tuvalu. In countries not previously part of the British Empire, the tune of ``God Save the Queen ''has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. In the United States, the melody is used for the patriotic song`` My Country, 'Tis of Thee''. The melody is also used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein, ``Oben am jungen Rhein ''.", "title": "God Save the Queen" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mad Forest: A Play from Romania is a play by English playwright Caryl Churchill. The three acts occur, respectively, shortly before, during, and shortly after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The play is mostly written in English, but has several passages in Romanian, including having the cast sing Romania's national anthem, \"Deşteaptă-te, române!\".", "title": "Mad Forest" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Star - Spangled Banner ''was recognized for official use by the United States Navy in 1889, and by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at 36 U.S.C. § 301), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.", "title": "The Star-Spangled Banner" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``The Star - Spangled Banner ''is the national anthem of the United States of America. The lyrics come from`` Defence of Fort M'Henry'', a poem written on September 14, 1814, by the 35 - year - old lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal Navy in Baltimore Harbor during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the large American flag, the Star - Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort during the American victory.", "title": "The Star-Spangled Banner" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ``National Anthem of the Republic of China ''is the national anthem of Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by China as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s; beforehand the`` Song to the Auspicious Cloud'' was used as the Chinese national anthem. In contemporary China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of China is the ``March of the Volunteers ''. The national anthem was also adopted in Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after the surrender of Japan.", "title": "National Anthem of the Republic of China" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``My Country, 'Tis of Thee '', also known as`` America'', is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, ``God Save the Queen '', arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like`` Hail, Columbia'') before the adoption of ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''as the official anthem in 1931.", "title": "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Big Hearted Herbert is a 1934 domestic comedy film starring Aline MacMahon and Guy Kibbee as a middle-aged couple. It is based on the Broadway play of the same name by Sophie Kerr and Anna Steese Richardson, which was in turn based on the short story \"Chin-Chin\" by Kerr. It was remade in 1940 as \"Father Is a Prince\".", "title": "Big Hearted Herbert" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Advance Australia Fair '', with modified lyrics from the original (see development of lyrics), was adopted as the Australian national anthem on 19 April 1984 by a proclamation by the Governor - General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on a recommendation by the Labor government of Bob Hawke.`` God Save the Queen'', now known as the royal anthem, continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by the Queen or members of the Royal Family.", "title": "Advance Australia Fair" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Heart Healer\" is a song written by John Greenebaum and Tomas Gmeiner, and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in December 1976 as the first single and title track from the album \"Heart Healer\". The song was Mel Tillis' third number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of nine weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Heart Healer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heart of Hearts is Bobby Vinton's twenty-sixth studio album and his second studio album for ABC Records. It was released in 1975. \"Beer Barrel Polka\" is the album's most successful single, peaking at # 5 on the Adult Contemporary Chart. A second single was \"Wooden Heart\" a #23 Adult Contemporary hit with partial Polish lyrics. Other notable tracks include Morris Albert's hit \"Feelings\" and Vinton's own composition \"Adios Amigo\" which was a big country hit for Marty Robbins.", "title": "Heart of Hearts" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in November 1981 as the second single from the album \"Step by Step\". \"Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight\" went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart, becoming Rabbitt's tenth number one country single. \"Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight\" also crossed over to the Top 40 peaking at number fifteen. The song was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy.", "title": "Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father Is a Prince is a 1940 comedy film directed by Noel M. Smith, starring Grant Mitchell and Nana Bryant. \"Father is a Prince\" is a remake of the 1934 comedy-drama \"Big Hearted Herbert\", itself based on a play by Sophie Kerr.", "title": "Father Is a Prince" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thompson obtained Japanese citizenship in July 2011 after 7 years in Japan, and is well settled. His sister Anna Thompson is a member of the New Zealand national netball team, the Silver Ferns.", "title": "Luke Thompson (rugby union)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Motherland ''(French: Mère Patrie) is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean - Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty.", "title": "Motherland (anthem)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Look Heart, No Hands\" is a song written by Trey Bruce and former Amazing Rhythm Aces member Russell Smith, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in November 1992 as the only new single for his \"Greatest Hits, Volume 2\" compilation. Travis' rendition of the song was a Number One hit for him in early 1993, spending two weeks at the top of the \"Billboard\" country singles charts.", "title": "Look Heart, No Hands" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Nowhere is a 1988 crime fiction novel by James Ellroy, the second of the L.A. Quartet, a series of novels set in 1940s and 1950s Los Angeles. James Ellroy dedicated \"The Big Nowhere\" \"To Glenda Revelle\". The epigraph for \"The Big Nowhere\" is a passage from a novel; \"It was written that I should be loyal to the nightmare of my choice. Joseph Conrad \"Heart of Darkness\"\".", "title": "The Big Nowhere" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Heart Flow\" is a song by Belgian dance singer Kate Ryan. It's Ryan's second non-album single released on 13 August 2013. It's also the anthem of the World Outgames 2013.", "title": "Heart Flow" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Achy Jakey Heart\" is a two-part episode of the television series \"Hannah Montana\". Both parts aired on June 24, 2007. The title \"Achy Jakey Heart\" is inspired by cast member Billy Ray Cyrus's song \"Achy Breaky Heart\".", "title": "Achy Jakey Heart" } ]	When was the national anthem of the country the cast member of Big Hearted Herbert is a citizen of written?	September 14, 1814	[]	Title: Myanmar Passage: The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear. Title: Achy Jakey Heart Passage: "Achy Jakey Heart" is a two-part episode of the television series "Hannah Montana". Both parts aired on June 24, 2007. The title "Achy Jakey Heart" is inspired by cast member Billy Ray Cyrus's song "Achy Breaky Heart". Title: Motherland (anthem) Passage: ``Motherland ''(French: Mère Patrie) is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean - Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty. Title: Heart Flow Passage: "Heart Flow" is a song by Belgian dance singer Kate Ryan. It's Ryan's second non-album single released on 13 August 2013. It's also the anthem of the World Outgames 2013. Title: Luke Thompson (rugby union) Passage: Thompson obtained Japanese citizenship in July 2011 after 7 years in Japan, and is well settled. His sister Anna Thompson is a member of the New Zealand national netball team, the Silver Ferns. Title: Big Hearted Herbert Passage: Big Hearted Herbert is a 1934 domestic comedy film starring Aline MacMahon and Guy Kibbee as a middle-aged couple. It is based on the Broadway play of the same name by Sophie Kerr and Anna Steese Richardson, which was in turn based on the short story "Chin-Chin" by Kerr. It was remade in 1940 as "Father Is a Prince". Title: God Save the Queen Passage: It is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their own additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem -- played specifically in the presence of the monarch -- of all the aforementioned countries, as well as Australia (since 1984), Canada (since 1980), Barbados and Tuvalu. In countries not previously part of the British Empire, the tune of ``God Save the Queen ''has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. In the United States, the melody is used for the patriotic song`` My Country, 'Tis of Thee''. The melody is also used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein, ``Oben am jungen Rhein ''. Title: Heart of Hearts Passage: Heart of Hearts is Bobby Vinton's twenty-sixth studio album and his second studio album for ABC Records. It was released in 1975. "Beer Barrel Polka" is the album's most successful single, peaking at # 5 on the Adult Contemporary Chart. A second single was "Wooden Heart" a #23 Adult Contemporary hit with partial Polish lyrics. Other notable tracks include Morris Albert's hit "Feelings" and Vinton's own composition "Adios Amigo" which was a big country hit for Marty Robbins. Title: America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee) Passage: ``My Country, 'Tis of Thee '', also known as`` America'', is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, ``God Save the Queen '', arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like`` Hail, Columbia'') before the adoption of ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''as the official anthem in 1931. Title: The Star-Spangled Banner Passage: ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''is the national anthem of the United States of America. The lyrics come from`` Defence of Fort M'Henry'', a poem written on September 14, 1814, by the 35 - year - old lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal Navy in Baltimore Harbor during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the large American flag, the Star - Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort during the American victory. Title: Father Is a Prince Passage: Father Is a Prince is a 1940 comedy film directed by Noel M. Smith, starring Grant Mitchell and Nana Bryant. "Father is a Prince" is a remake of the 1934 comedy-drama "Big Hearted Herbert", itself based on a play by Sophie Kerr. Title: Advance Australia Fair Passage: ``Advance Australia Fair '', with modified lyrics from the original (see development of lyrics), was adopted as the Australian national anthem on 19 April 1984 by a proclamation by the Governor - General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on a recommendation by the Labor government of Bob Hawke.`` God Save the Queen'', now known as the royal anthem, continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by the Queen or members of the Royal Family. Title: Look Heart, No Hands Passage: "Look Heart, No Hands" is a song written by Trey Bruce and former Amazing Rhythm Aces member Russell Smith, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in November 1992 as the only new single for his "Greatest Hits, Volume 2" compilation. Travis' rendition of the song was a Number One hit for him in early 1993, spending two weeks at the top of the "Billboard" country singles charts. Title: The Big Nowhere Passage: The Big Nowhere is a 1988 crime fiction novel by James Ellroy, the second of the L.A. Quartet, a series of novels set in 1940s and 1950s Los Angeles. James Ellroy dedicated "The Big Nowhere" "To Glenda Revelle". The epigraph for "The Big Nowhere" is a passage from a novel; "It was written that I should be loyal to the nightmare of my choice. Joseph Conrad "Heart of Darkness"". Title: Heart Healer Passage: "Heart Healer" is a song written by John Greenebaum and Tomas Gmeiner, and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in December 1976 as the first single and title track from the album "Heart Healer". The song was Mel Tillis' third number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of nine weeks on the country chart. Title: The Star-Spangled Banner Passage: ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''was recognized for official use by the United States Navy in 1889, and by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at 36 U.S.C. § 301), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover. Title: Mad Forest Passage: Mad Forest: A Play from Romania is a play by English playwright Caryl Churchill. The three acts occur, respectively, shortly before, during, and shortly after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The play is mostly written in English, but has several passages in Romanian, including having the cast sing Romania's national anthem, "Deşteaptă-te, române!". Title: National Anthem of the Republic of China Passage: The ``National Anthem of the Republic of China ''is the national anthem of Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by China as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s; beforehand the`` Song to the Auspicious Cloud'' was used as the Chinese national anthem. In contemporary China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of China is the ``March of the Volunteers ''. The national anthem was also adopted in Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after the surrender of Japan. Title: Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight Passage: "Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in November 1981 as the second single from the album "Step by Step". "Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight" went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart, becoming Rabbitt's tenth number one country single. "Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight" also crossed over to the Top 40 peaking at number fifteen. The song was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. Title: Silver Dollar (film) Passage: Silver Dollar is a 1932 American pre-Code biographical film starring Edward G. Robinson, Bebe Daniels and Aline MacMahon. Based on David Karsner's biography of the same name, it tells the story of the rise and fall of Horace Tabor (renamed Yates Martin), a silver tycoon in 19th century Colorado.	[ "Silver Dollar (film)", "The Star-Spangled Banner", "Big Hearted Herbert" ]
4hop1__160380_10079_503957_720028	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "April Showers is a 2009 American independent drama film written and directed by Andrew Robinson. It is based on the Columbine High School shootings of which Robinson is a survivor. The film was shot at Plattsmouth High School in Plattsmouth, Nebraska in May 2008.", "title": "April Showers (2009 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a 1995 South African-American drama film directed by Darrell Roodt, based on the novel \"Cry, the Beloved Country\" by Alan Paton. It stars James Earl Jones and Richard Harris.", "title": "Cry, the Beloved Country (1995 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was the first Kannada film to be shot outside India in a country which is not an Indian neighbour and the second Kannada movie to be shot outside India after \"Operation Diamond Racket\" which was shot in Nepal and released four months before this movie. However, this movie is widely credited for starting the trend of Kannada movies shooting outside India.", "title": "Singaporenalli Raja Kulla" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hengdian World Studios () is a film studio located in Hengdian, a Chinese town in the city of Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. It is the largest film studio in the world. The movie studio is operated by the privately owned Hengdian Group founded by Xu Wenrong. Sometimes called \"Chinawood\", Xu turned acres of farmland in central Zhejiang into one of the largest movie studios in Asia. Construction began in the mid-1990s and has been ongoing ever since with the possible recent addition of the replica of the Old Summer Palace. A film about extras working at the studio, \"I Am Somebody\", was released in China in 2015.", "title": "Hengdian World Studios" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "title": "Libya" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Own United States is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by John W. Noble and starring Arnold Daly, Charles E. Graham, and Duncan McRae. It is based on the short story \"The Man Without a Country\" by Edward Everett Hale. It was distributed by Metro Pictures", "title": "My Own United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sabaidee Luang Prabang (, English title: \"Good Morning, Luang Prabang\") is a 2008 romantic drama film directed by Sakchai Deenan and starring Ananda Everingham. It was the first commercial film shot in Laos since the country adopted communism in 1975.", "title": "Sabaidee Luang Prabang" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Boy in a Man's World is the second studio album by Mucky Pup. The album was recorded at Nevessa Productions and released in 1989 through Torrid Records and Roadrunner Records. The album features a re-recorded version of \"U-Stink-But-I-♥-U,\" which the band had previously won a Bloom County songwriting contest with. The band would also shoot their first music video for this song. The album also features \"Batman\", a song based on an urban legend that also contains a snippet of the title theme to the 1966 \"Batman\" TV.", "title": "A Boy in a Man's World" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Shouters, or more properly the Shouters sect (呼喊派), is a label attached by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to an amorphous group within China that was targeted by the government first as counterrevolutionaries and subsequently as a criminal cult after incidents in Dongyang and Yiwu counties in Zhejiang province in February 1982. \"The Shouters sect\" became the object of waves of arrests in 1983 and again in 1995. Several 1983 publications with ties to the Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) accused the late expatriate Chinese Christian teacher Witness Lee (Li Changshou) of being the leader of \"the Shouters sect\" and of instigating the disorders. In practice, however, the appellation \"the Shouters sect\" has been applied far more broadly to many groups that pray openly and audibly and/or do not register or otherwise cooperate with the TSPM. There is considerable reason to doubt the veracity of the reports which led to the condemnation of \"the Shouters sect\" and the association of them with Witness Lee or the local churches, and the local churches distance themselves from the Shouters.", "title": "The Shouters" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone.", "title": "South America" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They Met in Guayaquil (Spanish:Se conocieron en Guayaquil) is a 1949 Ecuadorian drama film directed by Paco Villar. The film was the first sound film made in Ecuador, which had a very small film industry at the time. The film was a commercial success on its release. The title refers to Guayaquil, the country's largest city. The production company followed it up with another sound film \"Dawn in Pichincha\" in 1950.", "title": "They Met in Guayaquil" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Flying Doctor is a 1936 Australian-British drama film directed by Miles Mander and starring Charles Farrell, Mary Maguire and James Raglan. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia operate in the Australian Outback. Noted as Australia's first \"sound\" feature film, \"The Flying Doctor\" was also the country's first feature-length film based on aviation.", "title": "The Flying Doctor" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Internal company designation for a simplified export version with fixed landing gear, two slightly differing aircraft built, first sold to China, second to Argentina", "title": "Curtiss P-36 Hawk" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called \"China's Hollywood\".", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "D.G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the United States, established in 1829. It is one of the largest breweries by volume in the country. Based on volume sold in 2016, Yuengling was the top craft beer company in the U.S. Based on sales in 2011, Yuengling was tied with the Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams brands, as the largest American - owned brewery. Its headquarters are in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Yuengling produces about 2.8 million barrels annually, operating two Pennsylvania facilities and a brewery in Tampa, Florida.", "title": "Yuengling" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shooting Party is a 1985 British drama film directed by Alan Bridges and based on the book of the same name by Isabel Colegate. The film is set in 1913 and shows the way of life of English aristocrats, gathered for pheasant shooting and general self-indulgence. Their way of life is contrasted with the local rural poor, who serve as 'beaters', driving the game for the aristocrats to shoot. It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "The Shooting Party" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada ( ) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern border with the United States, stretching some , is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "title": "Canada" } ]	The country that first bought a Curtiss P-36 Hawk variant, which contains a large base for shooting films and television dramas, is officially known by what name?	PRC	[ "China", "People's Republic of China" ]	Title: The Flying Doctor Passage: The Flying Doctor is a 1936 Australian-British drama film directed by Miles Mander and starring Charles Farrell, Mary Maguire and James Raglan. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia operate in the Australian Outback. Noted as Australia's first "sound" feature film, "The Flying Doctor" was also the country's first feature-length film based on aviation. Title: The Shouters Passage: The Shouters, or more properly the Shouters sect (呼喊派), is a label attached by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to an amorphous group within China that was targeted by the government first as counterrevolutionaries and subsequently as a criminal cult after incidents in Dongyang and Yiwu counties in Zhejiang province in February 1982. "The Shouters sect" became the object of waves of arrests in 1983 and again in 1995. Several 1983 publications with ties to the Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) accused the late expatriate Chinese Christian teacher Witness Lee (Li Changshou) of being the leader of "the Shouters sect" and of instigating the disorders. In practice, however, the appellation "the Shouters sect" has been applied far more broadly to many groups that pray openly and audibly and/or do not register or otherwise cooperate with the TSPM. There is considerable reason to doubt the veracity of the reports which led to the condemnation of "the Shouters sect" and the association of them with Witness Lee or the local churches, and the local churches distance themselves from the Shouters. Title: The Shooting Party Passage: The Shooting Party is a 1985 British drama film directed by Alan Bridges and based on the book of the same name by Isabel Colegate. The film is set in 1913 and shows the way of life of English aristocrats, gathered for pheasant shooting and general self-indulgence. Their way of life is contrasted with the local rural poor, who serve as 'beaters', driving the game for the aristocrats to shoot. It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. Title: Curtiss P-36 Hawk Passage: Internal company designation for a simplified export version with fixed landing gear, two slightly differing aircraft built, first sold to China, second to Argentina Title: South America Passage: Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone. Title: My Own United States Passage: My Own United States is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by John W. Noble and starring Arnold Daly, Charles E. Graham, and Duncan McRae. It is based on the short story "The Man Without a Country" by Edward Everett Hale. It was distributed by Metro Pictures Title: Canada Passage: Canada ( ) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern border with the United States, stretching some , is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Title: Cry, the Beloved Country (1995 film) Passage: Cry, the Beloved Country is a 1995 South African-American drama film directed by Darrell Roodt, based on the novel "Cry, the Beloved Country" by Alan Paton. It stars James Earl Jones and Richard Harris. Title: Africa Passage: Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Sabaidee Luang Prabang Passage: Sabaidee Luang Prabang (, English title: "Good Morning, Luang Prabang") is a 2008 romantic drama film directed by Sakchai Deenan and starring Ananda Everingham. It was the first commercial film shot in Laos since the country adopted communism in 1975. Title: Yuengling Passage: D.G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the United States, established in 1829. It is one of the largest breweries by volume in the country. Based on volume sold in 2016, Yuengling was the top craft beer company in the U.S. Based on sales in 2011, Yuengling was tied with the Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams brands, as the largest American - owned brewery. Its headquarters are in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Yuengling produces about 2.8 million barrels annually, operating two Pennsylvania facilities and a brewery in Tampa, Florida. Title: Singaporenalli Raja Kulla Passage: It was the first Kannada film to be shot outside India in a country which is not an Indian neighbour and the second Kannada movie to be shot outside India after "Operation Diamond Racket" which was shot in Nepal and released four months before this movie. However, this movie is widely credited for starting the trend of Kannada movies shooting outside India. Title: They Met in Guayaquil Passage: They Met in Guayaquil (Spanish:Se conocieron en Guayaquil) is a 1949 Ecuadorian drama film directed by Paco Villar. The film was the first sound film made in Ecuador, which had a very small film industry at the time. The film was a commercial success on its release. The title refers to Guayaquil, the country's largest city. The production company followed it up with another sound film "Dawn in Pichincha" in 1950. Title: Hengdian World Studios Passage: Hengdian World Studios () is a film studio located in Hengdian, a Chinese town in the city of Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. It is the largest film studio in the world. The movie studio is operated by the privately owned Hengdian Group founded by Xu Wenrong. Sometimes called "Chinawood", Xu turned acres of farmland in central Zhejiang into one of the largest movie studios in Asia. Construction began in the mid-1990s and has been ongoing ever since with the possible recent addition of the replica of the Old Summer Palace. A film about extras working at the studio, "I Am Somebody", was released in China in 2015. Title: Zhejiang Passage: The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called "China's Hollywood". Title: Libya Passage: Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya. Title: April Showers (2009 film) Passage: April Showers is a 2009 American independent drama film written and directed by Andrew Robinson. It is based on the Columbine High School shootings of which Robinson is a survivor. The film was shot at Plattsmouth High School in Plattsmouth, Nebraska in May 2008. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: A Boy in a Man's World Passage: A Boy in a Man's World is the second studio album by Mucky Pup. The album was recorded at Nevessa Productions and released in 1989 through Torrid Records and Roadrunner Records. The album features a re-recorded version of "U-Stink-But-I-♥-U," which the band had previously won a Bloom County songwriting contest with. The band would also shoot their first music video for this song. The album also features "Batman", a song based on an urban legend that also contains a snippet of the title theme to the 1966 "Batman" TV.	[ "Hengdian World Studios", "The Shouters", "Curtiss P-36 Hawk", "Zhejiang" ]
2hop__271622_36414	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to figures published in 2006 in the journal \"Demoskop Weekly\" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study \"Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries\", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of further weakening of the Russian language in all regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal \"Demoskop Weekly\"). In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Currently the number speakers of Russian language in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world (as the main sources distribution Russian language) and total population Russia (where Russian is an official language).", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Animator.ru is a Russian website chronicling the films, people and studios of the animation industry in Russia, the former Soviet Union and (to a lesser extent) the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It also includes a forum, a news block, a photo-gallery and an animators labour exchange. The database is available in Russian and English, while the other sections are Russian-language only.", "title": "Animator.ru" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (христиане, крестьяне) and Russians (русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term \"крестьяне\" acquired the meaning \"peasants of Christian faith\" and later \"peasants\" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term \"христиане\" retained its religious meaning and the term \"русские\" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the \"Pravoslav faith\" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or \"Russian faith\" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original \"Christian faith\" (христианская, крестьянская вера). Also in some contexts the term \"cossack\" (козак, казак - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote \"free\" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language.", "title": "Christian" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.", "title": "Estonian language" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bangkok (UK: / bæŋˈkɒk /, US: / ˈbæŋkɒk /) is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced (krūŋ thêːp mahǎː nákhɔ̄ːn) (listen)) or simply Krung Thep (listen (help info)). The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in Central Thailand, and has a population of over 8 million, or 12.6 percent of the country's population. Over 14 million people (22.2 percent) live within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, significantly dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in terms of importance.", "title": "Bangkok" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target \"to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020\". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further. Across the EU, 57 percent thought the proposed goal was \"about right\" and 16 percent thought it was \"too modest.\" In comparison, 19 percent said it was \"too ambitious\".", "title": "Renewable energy commercialization" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bugun River ( \"Bógen\") is a river of southern Kazakhstan. It flows for with a basin area of . The river begins at the confluence of the rivers Ulken-Bugun and Bala Bugun, flowing from the south-western slopes of the Karatau Mountain ridge. The river is used for irrigation.", "title": "Bugun River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Potebnja (; ) was a Russian Imperial philosopher and linguist, who was a professor of linguistics at the University of Kharkov. He is well known as a specialist in the evolution of Russian phonetics. He also translated part of Homer's Odyssey into Ukrainian. He constructed a theory of language and consciousness that later influenced the thinking of his countryman the Psychologist Lev Vygotsky. His main work was \"Language and Thought\" (\"mysl' i jazyk\") (1862). he was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, the foremost academic institution in the Russian Empire.", "title": "Alexander Potebnja" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Russky Newsweek or \"Newsweek Russia\" was a Russian language news magazine published in Russia between 2004 and 2010 as the Russian edition of \"Newsweek\". It was the first news magazine with a Western origin published in the country.", "title": "Russky Newsweek" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hulin (Chinese: 虎林; pinyin: Hǔlín; literally: 'tiger forest') is a county-level city on the Muling River in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. With a population of around 200,000, it is under the administration of Jixi. Nearby are Lake Xingkai, 51 kilometres (32 mi) to the southwest, the Usuri River, which forms the Russian border 38 kilometres (24 mi) to the east. The main agricultural products include soybeans, cattle, milk, various organic produces, and lumber.", "title": "Hulin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking the East Slavic languages. Formerly the main population of the loose medieval Kievan Rus federation state , by the seventeenth century they evolved into the Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian people.", "title": "East Slavs" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Piscataqua River border dispute was a dispute between the US states of Maine and New Hampshire over ownership of Seavey’s Island in the Piscataqua River, which forms the border between Maine and New Hampshire. The dispute was settled in 2002 by the US Supreme Court in favor of Maine.", "title": "Piscataqua River border dispute" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent. The main concentration of indigenous in Honduras are in the rural westernmost areas facing Guatemala and to the Caribbean Sea coastline, as well on the Nicaraguan border. The majority of indigenous people are Lencas, Miskitos to the east, Mayans, Pech, Sumos, and Tolupan.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11 percent of households. In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch.", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively.", "title": "Russian language" } ]	what percent of people in the country the Bugun river is located use Russian as their main language?	46%	[]	Title: Bugun River Passage: The Bugun River ( "Bógen") is a river of southern Kazakhstan. It flows for with a basin area of . The river begins at the confluence of the rivers Ulken-Bugun and Bala Bugun, flowing from the south-western slopes of the Karatau Mountain ridge. The river is used for irrigation. Title: Russian language Passage: Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively. Title: Russian language Passage: In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent. The main concentration of indigenous in Honduras are in the rural westernmost areas facing Guatemala and to the Caribbean Sea coastline, as well on the Nicaraguan border. The majority of indigenous people are Lencas, Miskitos to the east, Mayans, Pech, Sumos, and Tolupan. Title: Russian language Passage: According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of further weakening of the Russian language in all regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly"). In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Currently the number speakers of Russian language in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world (as the main sources distribution Russian language) and total population Russia (where Russian is an official language). Title: Animator.ru Passage: Animator.ru is a Russian website chronicling the films, people and studios of the animation industry in Russia, the former Soviet Union and (to a lesser extent) the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It also includes a forum, a news block, a photo-gallery and an animators labour exchange. The database is available in Russian and English, while the other sections are Russian-language only. Title: Dutch language Passage: It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11 percent of households. In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch. Title: Russky Newsweek Passage: Russky Newsweek or "Newsweek Russia" was a Russian language news magazine published in Russia between 2004 and 2010 as the Russian edition of "Newsweek". It was the first news magazine with a Western origin published in the country. Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further. Across the EU, 57 percent thought the proposed goal was "about right" and 16 percent thought it was "too modest." In comparison, 19 percent said it was "too ambitious". Title: Alexander Potebnja Passage: Alexander Potebnja (; ) was a Russian Imperial philosopher and linguist, who was a professor of linguistics at the University of Kharkov. He is well known as a specialist in the evolution of Russian phonetics. He also translated part of Homer's Odyssey into Ukrainian. He constructed a theory of language and consciousness that later influenced the thinking of his countryman the Psychologist Lev Vygotsky. His main work was "Language and Thought" ("mysl' i jazyk") (1862). he was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, the foremost academic institution in the Russian Empire. Title: Hulin Passage: Hulin (Chinese: 虎林; pinyin: Hǔlín; literally: 'tiger forest') is a county-level city on the Muling River in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. With a population of around 200,000, it is under the administration of Jixi. Nearby are Lake Xingkai, 51 kilometres (32 mi) to the southwest, the Usuri River, which forms the Russian border 38 kilometres (24 mi) to the east. The main agricultural products include soybeans, cattle, milk, various organic produces, and lumber. Title: Piscataqua River border dispute Passage: The Piscataqua River border dispute was a dispute between the US states of Maine and New Hampshire over ownership of Seavey’s Island in the Piscataqua River, which forms the border between Maine and New Hampshire. The dispute was settled in 2002 by the US Supreme Court in favor of Maine. Title: Bangkok Passage: Bangkok (UK: / bæŋˈkɒk /, US: / ˈbæŋkɒk /) is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced (krūŋ thêːp mahǎː nákhɔ̄ːn) (listen)) or simply Krung Thep (listen (help info)). The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in Central Thailand, and has a population of over 8 million, or 12.6 percent of the country's population. Over 14 million people (22.2 percent) live within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, significantly dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in terms of importance. Title: Russian language Passage: In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language. Title: Slavs Passage: Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet. Title: Christian Passage: The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (христиане, крестьяне) and Russians (русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term "крестьяне" acquired the meaning "peasants of Christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the "Pravoslav faith" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера). Also in some contexts the term "cossack" (козак, казак - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language. Title: Estonian language Passage: When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary. Title: East Slavs Passage: The East Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking the East Slavic languages. Formerly the main population of the loose medieval Kievan Rus federation state , by the seventeenth century they evolved into the Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian people. Title: Russian language Passage: In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria). Title: Montana Passage: English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).	[ "Bugun River", "Russian language" ]
2hop__33443_24815	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polly was key in popularizing, but is often credited with coining the phrase ``surfing the Internet '', being the author of an article called`` Surfing the INTERNET'', published in the University of Minnesota Wilson Library Bulletin in June, 1992. Coining the phrase has since been attributed to internet pioneer Mark McCahill, who used the same phrase months earlier in February 1992.", "title": "Jean Armour Polly" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The phrase was initially coined by Christian anarchist writer Elbert Hubbard in a 1915 obituary he penned and published for dwarf actor Marshall Pinckney Wilder. The obituary, entitled The King of Jesters, praises Wilder's optimistic attitude and achievements in the face of his disabilities:", "title": "When life gives you lemons, make lemonade" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milieu intérieur or interior milieu, from the French, \"milieu intérieur\" (the internal environment), is a phrase coined by Claude Bernard to refer to the extra-cellular fluid environment, more particularly the interstitial fluid, and its physiological capacity to ensure protective stability for the tissues and organs of multicellular organisms.", "title": "Milieu intérieur" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington, D.C. residents who support the statehood movement sometimes use a shortened version of the Revolutionary War protest motto \"No taxation without representation\", omitting the initial \"No\", denoting their lack of Congressional representation; the phrase is now printed on newly issued Washington, D.C. license plates (although a driver may choose to have the Washington, D.C. website address instead). President Bill Clinton's presidential limousine had the \"Taxation without representation\" license plate late in his term, while President George W. Bush had the vehicle's plates changed shortly after beginning his term in office. President Barack Obama had the license plates changed back to the protest style at the beginning of his second term.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term feminist psychology was originally coined by Karen Horney. In her book, Feminine Psychology, which is a collection of articles Horney wrote on the subject from 1922 -- 1937, she addresses previously held beliefs about women, relationships, and the effect of society on female psychology.", "title": "Feminist psychology" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase \"by the Creator\" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase \"survival of the fittest\", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864).", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as \"just as noble a conception of Deity\". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as \"a celebrated cleric\", and added the phrase \"by the Creator\" to the closing sentence, which from then on read \"life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one\". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to \"creation\".", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The evolution of seed plants and later angiosperms appears to be the result of two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events. These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago. Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants. That event was studied by sequencing the genome of an ancient flowering plant, Amborella trichopoda, and directly addresses Darwin's \"abominable mystery.\"", "title": "Flowering plant" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Russell Alphonse Rulau (September 21, 1926 – November 12, 2012) was an American numismatist. He was involved in coin collecting for over 60 years. From his earliest days as a casual collector, Rulau contributed to numismatics as a writer, editor and club organizer. His interest in world coins led him to create the \"Coin of the Year\" award. The award is presented annually by Krause Publications' \"World Coin News\". Rulau coined the term \"exonumia\" in 1960.", "title": "Russell Rulau" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the second largest American coin currently minted for circulation in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color.", "title": "Dollar coin (United States)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. \"And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: \"And upon her forehead was a name written a mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and of all the abominations of the earth: And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first mention of the name \"Rajasthan\" appears in James Tod's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of \"Rajputana\" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories. John Keay, in his book India: A History, stated that \"Rajputana\" was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, used the phrase \"Rajpoot (Rajput) princes\" rather than \"Indian princes\".", "title": "Rajasthan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three Hands in the Fountain is a 1997 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the ninth book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome between August and October, AD 73, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title alludes to the song \"Three Coins in the Fountain\" as well as to the macabre discovery which triggers Falco's investigation.", "title": "Three Hands in the Fountain" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book \"melodramatic and contrived\". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, \"I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is.\" Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: \"Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves.\"", "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them is a satirical book on American politics by Al Franken, a comedian, political commentator, and politician. It was published in 2003 by Dutton Penguin. Franken had a study group of 14 Harvard graduate students known as \"TeamFranken\" to help him with the research. The book's subtitle, \"A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right\", is a parody of Fox News' tagline \"Fair and Balanced.\" Fox sued Franken over the use of the phrase in a short-lived and unsuccessful lawsuit, which has been credited with increasing the sales of the book, an example of the Streisand effect.", "title": "Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term ``The Great Depression ''is most frequently attributed to British economist Lionel Robbins, whose 1934 book The Great Depression is credited with formalizing the phrase, though Hoover is widely credited with popularizing the term, informally referring to the downturn as a depression, with such uses as`` Economic depression can not be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement'' (December 1930, Message to Congress), and ``I need not recount to you that the world is passing through a great depression ''(1931).", "title": "Great Depression" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the third largest American coin currently minted in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color.", "title": "Dollar coin (United States)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The phrase ``Moe Greene special ''was coined in reference to his iconic execution by being shot through the eye. Moe Greene special has subsequently been referenced in other gangster shows including The Sopranos, in the episode, Meadowlands.", "title": "Moe Greene" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Wolstenholme, DFC & Bar (17 July 1920 -- 25 March 2002) was an English football commentator for BBC television in the 1950s and 1960s. In the final moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup, he said ``some people are on the pitch... they think it's all over... it is now! ''as Geoff Hurst scored England's fourth goal. The phrase became part of British popular culture.", "title": "Kenneth Wolstenholme" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Kenneth Ressler (February 21, 1937 -- May 5, 2013) was an FBI agent and author. He played a significant role in the psychological profiling of violent offenders in the 1970s and is often credited with coining the term ``serial killer. ''After retiring from the FBI, he authored a number of books on serial murders, and often gave lectures on criminology.", "title": "Robert Ressler" } ]	What did some commentators think about the originator of the term abominable mystery changing the phrasing in his book?	some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted	[]	Title: Great Depression Passage: The term ``The Great Depression ''is most frequently attributed to British economist Lionel Robbins, whose 1934 book The Great Depression is credited with formalizing the phrase, though Hoover is widely credited with popularizing the term, informally referring to the downturn as a depression, with such uses as`` Economic depression can not be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement'' (December 1930, Message to Congress), and ``I need not recount to you that the world is passing through a great depression ''(1931). Title: Moe Greene Passage: The phrase ``Moe Greene special ''was coined in reference to his iconic execution by being shot through the eye. Moe Greene special has subsequently been referenced in other gangster shows including The Sopranos, in the episode, Meadowlands. Title: Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them Passage: Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them is a satirical book on American politics by Al Franken, a comedian, political commentator, and politician. It was published in 2003 by Dutton Penguin. Franken had a study group of 14 Harvard graduate students known as "TeamFranken" to help him with the research. The book's subtitle, "A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right", is a parody of Fox News' tagline "Fair and Balanced." Fox sued Franken over the use of the phrase in a short-lived and unsuccessful lawsuit, which has been credited with increasing the sales of the book, an example of the Streisand effect. Title: Feminist psychology Passage: The term feminist psychology was originally coined by Karen Horney. In her book, Feminine Psychology, which is a collection of articles Horney wrote on the subject from 1922 -- 1937, she addresses previously held beliefs about women, relationships, and the effect of society on female psychology. Title: Flowering plant Passage: The evolution of seed plants and later angiosperms appears to be the result of two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events. These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago. Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants. That event was studied by sequencing the genome of an ancient flowering plant, Amborella trichopoda, and directly addresses Darwin's "abominable mystery." Title: Kenneth Wolstenholme Passage: Kenneth Wolstenholme, DFC & Bar (17 July 1920 -- 25 March 2002) was an English football commentator for BBC television in the 1950s and 1960s. In the final moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup, he said ``some people are on the pitch... they think it's all over... it is now! ''as Geoff Hurst scored England's fourth goal. The phrase became part of British popular culture. Title: Three Hands in the Fountain Passage: Three Hands in the Fountain is a 1997 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the ninth book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome between August and October, AD 73, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title alludes to the song "Three Coins in the Fountain" as well as to the macabre discovery which triggers Falco's investigation. Title: Robert Ressler Passage: Robert Kenneth Ressler (February 21, 1937 -- May 5, 2013) was an FBI agent and author. He played a significant role in the psychological profiling of violent offenders in the 1970s and is often credited with coining the term ``serial killer. ''After retiring from the FBI, he authored a number of books on serial murders, and often gave lectures on criminology. Title: Red Passage: "So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: "And upon her forehead was a name written a mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and of all the abominations of the earth: And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. Title: Dollar coin (United States) Passage: The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the third largest American coin currently minted in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color. Title: Dollar coin (United States) Passage: The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the second largest American coin currently minted for circulation in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color. Title: Rajasthan Passage: The first mention of the name "Rajasthan" appears in James Tod's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of "Rajputana" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories. John Keay, in his book India: A History, stated that "Rajputana" was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, used the phrase "Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes". Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as "just as noble a conception of Deity". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation". Title: 51st state Passage: Washington, D.C. residents who support the statehood movement sometimes use a shortened version of the Revolutionary War protest motto "No taxation without representation", omitting the initial "No", denoting their lack of Congressional representation; the phrase is now printed on newly issued Washington, D.C. license plates (although a driver may choose to have the Washington, D.C. website address instead). President Bill Clinton's presidential limousine had the "Taxation without representation" license plate late in his term, while President George W. Bush had the vehicle's plates changed shortly after beginning his term in office. President Barack Obama had the license plates changed back to the protest style at the beginning of his second term. Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase "by the Creator" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase "survival of the fittest", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864). Title: When life gives you lemons, make lemonade Passage: The phrase was initially coined by Christian anarchist writer Elbert Hubbard in a 1915 obituary he penned and published for dwarf actor Marshall Pinckney Wilder. The obituary, entitled The King of Jesters, praises Wilder's optimistic attitude and achievements in the face of his disabilities: Title: Russell Rulau Passage: Russell Alphonse Rulau (September 21, 1926 – November 12, 2012) was an American numismatist. He was involved in coin collecting for over 60 years. From his earliest days as a casual collector, Rulau contributed to numismatics as a writer, editor and club organizer. His interest in world coins led him to create the "Coin of the Year" award. The award is presented annually by Krause Publications' "World Coin News". Rulau coined the term "exonumia" in 1960. Title: Jean Armour Polly Passage: Polly was key in popularizing, but is often credited with coining the phrase ``surfing the Internet '', being the author of an article called`` Surfing the INTERNET'', published in the University of Minnesota Wilson Library Bulletin in June, 1992. Coining the phrase has since been attributed to internet pioneer Mark McCahill, who used the same phrase months earlier in February 1992. Title: Milieu intérieur Passage: Milieu intérieur or interior milieu, from the French, "milieu intérieur" (the internal environment), is a phrase coined by Claude Bernard to refer to the extra-cellular fluid environment, more particularly the interstitial fluid, and its physiological capacity to ensure protective stability for the tissues and organs of multicellular organisms. Title: To Kill a Mockingbird Passage: Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, "I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is." Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: "Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves."	[ "On the Origin of Species", "Flowering plant" ]
3hop2__160165_642527_606586	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is a ``German belt ''that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German - Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry.", "title": "German Americans" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country. On January 18, 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now overtaken the island of New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted tribes.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there.", "title": "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland; and surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th - largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of African (black), European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.", "title": "South Africa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland (Eswatini); and it surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th - largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry.", "title": "South Africa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The five largest ancestry groups in Missouri are: German (27.4 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (10.2 percent), American (8.5 percent) and French (3.7 percent).", "title": "Missouri" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity). Many of these were of English or Scotch-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having \"American\" ancestry or do not know their ancestry. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry. Some of their ancestry went back to the original thirteen colonies.", "title": "Florida" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Klarälven (\"The clear river\" in Swedish) is a river flowing through Norway and Sweden. Together with Göta älv, which it is called as the river has passed through the lake Vänern, thus regarded as an entity, Göta älv—Klarälven is the longest river in Scandinavia and in the Nordic countries and its Swedish part the longest river of Sweden. These two rivers also have the largest drainage basin in the same areas, including all the rivers that run into Vänern, of which is located in Sweden and in Norway.", "title": "Klarälven" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CJYE is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 1250 AM in Oakville, Ontario. The station airs a Christian music and talk format branded as Joy 1250. CJYE's studios are located on Church Street in downtown Oakville, while its transmitters are located along Dundas Street West near Third Line Road on the northwest side of Oakville.", "title": "CJYE" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent from Some Other Race, and 2.5 percent from two or more races. The largest European ancestry groups in Montana as of 2010 are: German (27.0 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (12.6 percent), Norwegian (10.9 percent), French (4.7 percent) and Italian (3.4 percent).", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed \"English\" or \"mostly English\" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greater Hesse () was the provisional name given for a section of German territory created by the US military administration in at the end of World War II. It was formed by the Allied Control Council on 19 September 1945 and became the modern German state of Hesse on 1 December 1946.", "title": "Greater Hesse" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bagana is an active volcano located in the centre of the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, the largest island of the Solomon group. It is the most active volcano in the country, occupying a remote portion of central Bougainville Island. It is one of Melanesia's youngest and most active volcanoes.", "title": "Bagana" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone.", "title": "South America" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Oakville is an unincorporated community located in the southeast corner of Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. The community has two parks, one dedicated to 20th-century African-American athlete Jesse Owens and the other to Middle Woodland period and Cherokee Native Americans.", "title": "Oakville, Alabama" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.", "title": "Boston" } ]	In which country is Logan, located in the same county as Oakville in the state where German is the largest ancestry group?	U.S.	[ "the US", "America", "U.S", "the United States", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Tennessee Passage: In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: South Africa Passage: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland (Eswatini); and it surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th - largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri Passage: Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there. Title: South Africa Passage: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland; and surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th - largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of African (black), European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry. Title: CJYE Passage: CJYE is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 1250 AM in Oakville, Ontario. The station airs a Christian music and talk format branded as Joy 1250. CJYE's studios are located on Church Street in downtown Oakville, while its transmitters are located along Dundas Street West near Third Line Road on the northwest side of Oakville. Title: Greater Hesse Passage: Greater Hesse () was the provisional name given for a section of German territory created by the US military administration in at the end of World War II. It was formed by the Allied Control Council on 19 September 1945 and became the modern German state of Hesse on 1 December 1946. Title: Montana Passage: According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent from Some Other Race, and 2.5 percent from two or more races. The largest European ancestry groups in Montana as of 2010 are: German (27.0 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (12.6 percent), Norwegian (10.9 percent), French (4.7 percent) and Italian (3.4 percent). Title: Germans Passage: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. Title: Klarälven Passage: Klarälven ("The clear river" in Swedish) is a river flowing through Norway and Sweden. Together with Göta älv, which it is called as the river has passed through the lake Vänern, thus regarded as an entity, Göta älv—Klarälven is the longest river in Scandinavia and in the Nordic countries and its Swedish part the longest river of Sweden. These two rivers also have the largest drainage basin in the same areas, including all the rivers that run into Vänern, of which is located in Sweden and in Norway. Title: Oakville, Alabama Passage: Oakville is an unincorporated community located in the southeast corner of Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. The community has two parks, one dedicated to 20th-century African-American athlete Jesse Owens and the other to Middle Woodland period and Cherokee Native Americans. Title: Florida Passage: In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity). Many of these were of English or Scotch-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having "American" ancestry or do not know their ancestry. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry. Some of their ancestry went back to the original thirteen colonies. Title: Boston Passage: People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country. On January 18, 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now overtaken the island of New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted tribes. Title: South America Passage: Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Missouri Passage: The five largest ancestry groups in Missouri are: German (27.4 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (10.2 percent), American (8.5 percent) and French (3.7 percent). Title: German Americans Passage: There is a ``German belt ''that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German - Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry. Title: Bagana Passage: Bagana is an active volcano located in the centre of the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, the largest island of the Solomon group. It is the most active volcano in the country, occupying a remote portion of central Bougainville Island. It is one of Melanesia's youngest and most active volcanoes.	[ "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri", "Missouri", "Oakville, Alabama" ]
2hop__398228_120632	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency assumes the typical car is driven 15,000 miles per year. According to the New York Times, in the 1960s and 1970s, the typical car reached its end of life around 100,000 miles, but due to manufacturing improvements such as tighter tolerances and better anti-corrosion coatings, in the 2000s the typical car lasts closer to 200,000 miles.", "title": "Car longevity" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Colburn Automobile Company was a Brass Era car manufacturer in Denver, Colorado. The company produced cars from 1906-1911. in their factory at 15th Street and Colfax Avenue.", "title": "Colburn Automobile Company" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013, followed by Ford's decision in December of the same year (Ford's Victorian plants—in Broadmeadows and Geelong—will close in October 2016).", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ALFA 24 HP is 4.1-litre four-cylinder passenger car, the first model produced by Italian car manufacturer ALFA (\"Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili\"), which in 1919 would become Alfa Romeo. It was introduced in 1910, the year ALFA was founded, and produced until 1914 in ALFA's Portello factory near Milan.", "title": "ALFA 24 HP" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horace Abbott (July 29, 1806 – August 8, 1887) was an American iron manufacturer and banker. His work included the armor plating for the USS \"Monitor\", USS Agamenticus, USS \"Roanoke\", and the USS \"Monadnock\".", "title": "Horace Abbott" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strathcarron Sports Cars plc was a British car manufacturer based in Hove, East Sussex, in business from 1998 until 2001.", "title": "Strathcarron Sports Cars" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Georges Didier established a small automobile business at Colombey-les-Belles, not far from Toul, concentrating on Ford cars and Fordson tractors. In 1925 he started to manufacture automobiles, designed by a man named Robert Serf, whose name was given to the cars. Production ended in 1935 when the business relocated a short distance to the east, to Vendeuvre, a quarter of Nancy. The business existed till approximately 1942 which was the year in which Dider died, although Robert Serf himself was still working in his own automotive workshop at Nancy until the 1970s.", "title": "Robert Serf" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Renault Samsung SM7 is an executive car or full-size car (E-segment in Europe) produced by the Korean manufacturer Renault Samsung Motors since 2004.", "title": "Renault Samsung SM7" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet. The car has been produced through seven generations. The first model, a convertible, was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953 as a concept show car. Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small, maneuverable warship called a corvette. Originally built in Flint, Michigan and St. Louis, Missouri, the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green, Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.", "title": "Chevrolet Corvette" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 24, 2015, car manufacturer Nissan, which has its North American headquarters just south of Nashville in Franklin and operates a large manufacturing plant in nearby Smyrna, bought the naming rights for the stadium in a 20 - year contract, rebranding the stadium as Nissan Stadium. As part of the sponsor agreement, a 2016 Nissan Titan pickup truck was placed next to the stadium scoreboard.", "title": "Nissan Stadium" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, Buick Velite 5 in China, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe. Volt production ended in February 2019.", "title": "Chevrolet Volt" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Davidson-Cadillac armored car of 1915 was developed on a Cadillac chassis by Royal Page Davidson and the cadets of the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. This military vehicle is the \"first true\" fully armored vehicle made in the United States because it was built specifically just for that purpose and was not a conversion of an automobile or truck.", "title": "Davidson-Cadillac armored car" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by DaimlerChrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name.", "title": "Plymouth Prowler" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fiat 507 is a passenger car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Fiat between 1926-1927. The car was developed from the 505 model, with a modified suspension and brakes.", "title": "Fiat 507" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The McLaren MP4-12C, later known simply as the McLaren 12C, is a sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive. It is the first ever production car wholly designed and built by McLaren, and their first production road car produced since the McLaren F1, which ended production in 1998. The car's final design was unveiled in September 2009 and was launched in mid-2011.", "title": "McLaren 12C" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers.", "title": "White Motor Company" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The White armored car was a series of armored cars developed by the White Motor Company in Cleveland, Ohio from 1915.", "title": "White armored car" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sheridan was a brand of American automobile manufactured from 1920 to 1921. Manufacture of the car was based in Muncie, Indiana.", "title": "Sheridan (automobile)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late December 1963, the car was sent back to Hess & Eisenhardt to be modified further, and was rebuilt from the ground up. For protection, the Lincoln received titanium armor plating, bullet - resistant glass and a bulletproof permanent roof. Solid aluminium rims were also fitted inside the tires to make them flat - proof. It remained in service for an additional eight years, logging 50,000 miles on the ground and over one million miles being flown to and from its destinations. The vehicle was equipped with Presidential lap robes and mouton carpeting and a complete communications system including radio patch to the White House. It was replaced in 1967 and remained in service doing less important duties until 1978, when it was retired to the Henry Ford Museum. Finished originally in navy blue, the car was repainted black after the assassination, then repainted again after each assignment.", "title": "Presidential state car (United States)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert J. Sinclair, (March 17, 1932 – May 10, 2009) was an American automotive industry executive who served as Chief executive officer of Saab-Scania of America from May 1979 until September 1991, where he helped improve the popularity of Saab's cars by convincing the parent company to manufacture cars with high-end options such as turbochargers and a convertible version of its Saab 900 that was designed to appeal to American consumers.", "title": "Robert J. Sinclair" } ]	What year was the end of the manufacturer of the White armored car?	1980	[]	Title: Davidson-Cadillac armored car Passage: The Davidson-Cadillac armored car of 1915 was developed on a Cadillac chassis by Royal Page Davidson and the cadets of the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. This military vehicle is the "first true" fully armored vehicle made in the United States because it was built specifically just for that purpose and was not a conversion of an automobile or truck. Title: Robert Serf Passage: Georges Didier established a small automobile business at Colombey-les-Belles, not far from Toul, concentrating on Ford cars and Fordson tractors. In 1925 he started to manufacture automobiles, designed by a man named Robert Serf, whose name was given to the cars. Production ended in 1935 when the business relocated a short distance to the east, to Vendeuvre, a quarter of Nancy. The business existed till approximately 1942 which was the year in which Dider died, although Robert Serf himself was still working in his own automotive workshop at Nancy until the 1970s. Title: White Motor Company Passage: The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers. Title: Fiat 507 Passage: The Fiat 507 is a passenger car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Fiat between 1926-1927. The car was developed from the 505 model, with a modified suspension and brakes. Title: Renault Samsung SM7 Passage: The Renault Samsung SM7 is an executive car or full-size car (E-segment in Europe) produced by the Korean manufacturer Renault Samsung Motors since 2004. Title: Strathcarron Sports Cars Passage: Strathcarron Sports Cars plc was a British car manufacturer based in Hove, East Sussex, in business from 1998 until 2001. Title: Nissan Stadium Passage: On June 24, 2015, car manufacturer Nissan, which has its North American headquarters just south of Nashville in Franklin and operates a large manufacturing plant in nearby Smyrna, bought the naming rights for the stadium in a 20 - year contract, rebranding the stadium as Nissan Stadium. As part of the sponsor agreement, a 2016 Nissan Titan pickup truck was placed next to the stadium scoreboard. Title: Presidential state car (United States) Passage: In late December 1963, the car was sent back to Hess & Eisenhardt to be modified further, and was rebuilt from the ground up. For protection, the Lincoln received titanium armor plating, bullet - resistant glass and a bulletproof permanent roof. Solid aluminium rims were also fitted inside the tires to make them flat - proof. It remained in service for an additional eight years, logging 50,000 miles on the ground and over one million miles being flown to and from its destinations. The vehicle was equipped with Presidential lap robes and mouton carpeting and a complete communications system including radio patch to the White House. It was replaced in 1967 and remained in service doing less important duties until 1978, when it was retired to the Henry Ford Museum. Finished originally in navy blue, the car was repainted black after the assassination, then repainted again after each assignment. Title: Robert J. Sinclair Passage: Robert J. Sinclair, (March 17, 1932 – May 10, 2009) was an American automotive industry executive who served as Chief executive officer of Saab-Scania of America from May 1979 until September 1991, where he helped improve the popularity of Saab's cars by convincing the parent company to manufacture cars with high-end options such as turbochargers and a convertible version of its Saab 900 that was designed to appeal to American consumers. Title: Chevrolet Corvette Passage: The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet. The car has been produced through seven generations. The first model, a convertible, was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953 as a concept show car. Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small, maneuverable warship called a corvette. Originally built in Flint, Michigan and St. Louis, Missouri, the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green, Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Title: Sheridan (automobile) Passage: The Sheridan was a brand of American automobile manufactured from 1920 to 1921. Manufacture of the car was based in Muncie, Indiana. Title: Car longevity Passage: In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency assumes the typical car is driven 15,000 miles per year. According to the New York Times, in the 1960s and 1970s, the typical car reached its end of life around 100,000 miles, but due to manufacturing improvements such as tighter tolerances and better anti-corrosion coatings, in the 2000s the typical car lasts closer to 200,000 miles. Title: Plymouth Prowler Passage: The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by DaimlerChrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name. Title: Victoria (Australia) Passage: Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013, followed by Ford's decision in December of the same year (Ford's Victorian plants—in Broadmeadows and Geelong—will close in October 2016). Title: ALFA 24 HP Passage: The ALFA 24 HP is 4.1-litre four-cylinder passenger car, the first model produced by Italian car manufacturer ALFA ("Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili"), which in 1919 would become Alfa Romeo. It was introduced in 1910, the year ALFA was founded, and produced until 1914 in ALFA's Portello factory near Milan. Title: Colburn Automobile Company Passage: The Colburn Automobile Company was a Brass Era car manufacturer in Denver, Colorado. The company produced cars from 1906-1911. in their factory at 15th Street and Colfax Avenue. Title: Horace Abbott Passage: Horace Abbott (July 29, 1806 – August 8, 1887) was an American iron manufacturer and banker. His work included the armor plating for the USS "Monitor", USS Agamenticus, USS "Roanoke", and the USS "Monadnock". Title: White armored car Passage: The White armored car was a series of armored cars developed by the White Motor Company in Cleveland, Ohio from 1915. Title: McLaren 12C Passage: The McLaren MP4-12C, later known simply as the McLaren 12C, is a sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive. It is the first ever production car wholly designed and built by McLaren, and their first production road car produced since the McLaren F1, which ended production in 1998. The car's final design was unveiled in September 2009 and was launched in mid-2011. Title: Chevrolet Volt Passage: The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, Buick Velite 5 in China, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe. Volt production ended in February 2019.	[ "White Motor Company", "White armored car" ]
3hop2__21987_28062_831253	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The novel remained untranslated in English until 2009 when it was rediscovered by American publishing house Melville House Publishing and released in the US under the title \"Every Man Dies Alone\", in a translation by Michael Hofmann. Melville House licensed it to Penguin Books in the UK, who used the title \"Alone in Berlin\", following the French translation by André Vandevoorde in 1967, \"Seul dans Berlin\". The US title is close to the original German title, which translates verbatim as \"Everyone dies for himself alone\".", "title": "Every Man Dies Alone" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eric Mosbacher (22 December 1903 – 2 July 1998) was an English journalist and translator from Italian, French, German and Spanish. He translated work by Ignazio Silone and Sigmund Freud.", "title": "Eric Mosbacher" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1993 Cherbourg incident were a series of maritime incidents which took place from 26 March to 2 April 1993 between the British Royal Navy and French fishermen as a result of a fishing rights dispute in and around the Channel Islands waters.", "title": "1993 Cherbourg incident" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let them eat cake ''is the traditional translation of the French phrase`` Qu'ils mangent de la brioche'', supposedly spoken by ``a great princess ''upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quote would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation.", "title": "Let them eat cake" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jaroslav Hašek (; 30 April 1883 – 3 January 1923) was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian and anarchist. He is best known for his novel \"The Good Soldier Švejk\", an unfinished collection of farcical incidents about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.", "title": "Jaroslav Hašek" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost. French-language versions of the complete Saragossa Manuscript have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki’s Polish version.", "title": "Translation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Three Princes of Serendip is the English version of the story \"Peregrinaggio di tre giovani figliuoli del re di Serendippo\" published by Michele Tramezzino in Venice in 1557. Tramezzino claimed to have heard the story from one , who had translated the Persian fairy tale into Italian, adapting Book One of Amir Khusrau's \"Hasht-Bihisht\" of 1302. The story first came to English via a French translation, and now exists in several out-of-print translations.", "title": "The Three Princes of Serendip" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Louis XVI translated the Reflections \"from end to end\" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be \"in very bad taste\" and \"favouring Tory principles\". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: \"I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution\". The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed.", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Munier (21 December 1923, Nancy – 10 August 2010, Vesoul) was a French writer and translator. From 1953, Munier was one of the first to translate into French the work of his master and friend, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976).", "title": "Roger Munier" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicolas Lancret (22 January 1690 – 14 September 1743) was a French painter. Born in Paris, he was a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society under the regent Orleans.", "title": "Nicolas Lancret" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1960 he was an acting prime minister during the First South Korean Republic. In addition, he headed a caretaker government for a brief time following the 1960 April Revolution which overthrew the First Republic. Heo was also known by the nickname, \"Uyang\" (; literally \"friend of the seas\"), and an alternative name, Heo Sung-su ().", "title": "Heo Jeong" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Marie Laclavetine (born February 17, 1954 in Bordeaux) is a French editor, writer and translator of Italian literature into French.", "title": "Jean-Marie Laclavetine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahead of Time is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Henry Kuttner, first published in hardcover by Ballantine Books in 1953 (with a paperback edition shortly afterwards). A British hardcover appeared in 1954, with a paperback following in 1961. Paperback reissues of both the UK and US editions appeared in the mid-1960s. A French translation appeared in 1962, and an Italian translation in 1971.", "title": "Ahead of Time" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saumont started as a specialist in English literature and an English to French translator. She has translated books by V.S. Naipaul, Nadine Gordimer and John Fowles among others.", "title": "Annie Saumont" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mélanie Fazi (born 29 November 1976) is a French novelist and translator specialising in fantasy fiction. As well as writing award-winning fiction of her own she has translated works by Lois McMaster Bujold, Elizabeth Moon, Poppy Z. Brite and Graham Joyce into French for \"Éditions Bragelonne\", a French publisher.", "title": "Mélanie Fazi" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.", "title": "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Blood Rose () is a 1970 French horror film directed and co-written by Claude Mulot. The French title translates as \"The Flayed Rose\".", "title": "The Blood Rose" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings. In September 1979, France overthrew Bokassa and \"restored\" Dacko to power (subsequently restoring the name of the country to the Central African Republic). Dacko, in turn, was again overthrown in a coup by General André Kolingba on 1 September 1981.", "title": "Central African Republic" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. The July Monarchy was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. The Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charles-Henri Sanson, full title \"Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval\" (15 February 1739 – 4 July 1806), was the royal executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI, and High Executioner of the First French Republic. He administered capital punishment in the city of Paris for over forty years, and by his own hand executed nearly 3,000 people, including the King himself.", "title": "Charles-Henri Sanson" } ]	What regime ruled the country that would eventually overthrow the dictator Bokassa following the rule of the man who re-translated the Reflections into French?	First French Republic	[ "French Republic", "First Republic" ]	Title: Nicolas Lancret Passage: Nicolas Lancret (22 January 1690 – 14 September 1743) was a French painter. Born in Paris, he was a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society under the regent Orleans. Title: Jean-Marie Laclavetine Passage: Jean-Marie Laclavetine (born February 17, 1954 in Bordeaux) is a French editor, writer and translator of Italian literature into French. Title: Heo Jeong Passage: In 1960 he was an acting prime minister during the First South Korean Republic. In addition, he headed a caretaker government for a brief time following the 1960 April Revolution which overthrew the First Republic. Heo was also known by the nickname, "Uyang" (; literally "friend of the seas"), and an alternative name, Heo Sung-su (). Title: Ahead of Time Passage: Ahead of Time is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Henry Kuttner, first published in hardcover by Ballantine Books in 1953 (with a paperback edition shortly afterwards). A British hardcover appeared in 1954, with a paperback following in 1961. Paperback reissues of both the UK and US editions appeared in the mid-1960s. A French translation appeared in 1962, and an Italian translation in 1971. Title: The Blood Rose Passage: The Blood Rose () is a 1970 French horror film directed and co-written by Claude Mulot. The French title translates as "The Flayed Rose". Title: Central African Republic Passage: In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings. In September 1979, France overthrew Bokassa and "restored" Dacko to power (subsequently restoring the name of the country to the Central African Republic). Dacko, in turn, was again overthrown in a coup by General André Kolingba on 1 September 1981. Title: The Trojan War Will Not Take Place Passage: The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities. Title: 1993 Cherbourg incident Passage: The 1993 Cherbourg incident were a series of maritime incidents which took place from 26 March to 2 April 1993 between the British Royal Navy and French fishermen as a result of a fishing rights dispute in and around the Channel Islands waters. Title: Eric Mosbacher Passage: Eric Mosbacher (22 December 1903 – 2 July 1998) was an English journalist and translator from Italian, French, German and Spanish. He translated work by Ignazio Silone and Sigmund Freud. Title: Modern history Passage: The Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. The July Monarchy was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. The Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France. Title: Translation Passage: When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost. French-language versions of the complete Saragossa Manuscript have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki’s Polish version. Title: The Three Princes of Serendip Passage: The Three Princes of Serendip is the English version of the story "Peregrinaggio di tre giovani figliuoli del re di Serendippo" published by Michele Tramezzino in Venice in 1557. Tramezzino claimed to have heard the story from one , who had translated the Persian fairy tale into Italian, adapting Book One of Amir Khusrau's "Hasht-Bihisht" of 1302. The story first came to English via a French translation, and now exists in several out-of-print translations. Title: Roger Munier Passage: Roger Munier (21 December 1923, Nancy – 10 August 2010, Vesoul) was a French writer and translator. From 1953, Munier was one of the first to translate into French the work of his master and friend, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). Title: Every Man Dies Alone Passage: The novel remained untranslated in English until 2009 when it was rediscovered by American publishing house Melville House Publishing and released in the US under the title "Every Man Dies Alone", in a translation by Michael Hofmann. Melville House licensed it to Penguin Books in the UK, who used the title "Alone in Berlin", following the French translation by André Vandevoorde in 1967, "Seul dans Berlin". The US title is close to the original German title, which translates verbatim as "Everyone dies for himself alone". Title: Mélanie Fazi Passage: Mélanie Fazi (born 29 November 1976) is a French novelist and translator specialising in fantasy fiction. As well as writing award-winning fiction of her own she has translated works by Lois McMaster Bujold, Elizabeth Moon, Poppy Z. Brite and Graham Joyce into French for "Éditions Bragelonne", a French publisher. Title: Let them eat cake Passage: ``Let them eat cake ''is the traditional translation of the French phrase`` Qu'ils mangent de la brioche'', supposedly spoken by ``a great princess ''upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quote would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation. Title: Jaroslav Hašek Passage: Jaroslav Hašek (; 30 April 1883 – 3 January 1923) was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian and anarchist. He is best known for his novel "The Good Soldier Švejk", an unfinished collection of farcical incidents about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature. Title: Edmund Burke Passage: Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: "I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution". The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed. Title: Annie Saumont Passage: Saumont started as a specialist in English literature and an English to French translator. She has translated books by V.S. Naipaul, Nadine Gordimer and John Fowles among others. Title: Charles-Henri Sanson Passage: Charles-Henri Sanson, full title "Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval" (15 February 1739 – 4 July 1806), was the royal executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI, and High Executioner of the First French Republic. He administered capital punishment in the city of Paris for over forty years, and by his own hand executed nearly 3,000 people, including the King himself.	[ "Edmund Burke", "Central African Republic", "Charles-Henri Sanson" ]
4hop3__489170_858588_68869_274317	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampden County, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The D.C. Eldridge House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.", "title": "D.C. Eldridge House" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elk Landing is the name of a historic home located at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. The house at Elk Landing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.", "title": "Elk Landing" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Frederick Torgler Building is a building located in north Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Frederick Torgler Building" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Grant County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Circa (stylized \"C1RCA\" or \"C1rca\") is a skateboard footwear and apparel company that started in 1999 and is based in San Clemente, California.", "title": "Circa (company)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Ashley County, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map. These historic sites reflect the region's Native American, Spanish and Mexican ethnic heritage. They include historic mansions from the eras of wealth created by citrus farming and oil discovery and reflect political leadership and scientific achievements, as well as other themes.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, California" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and historic districts in Roane County, Tennessee, United States, that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Roane County, Tennessee" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Metcalfe County, Kentucky, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Metcalfe County, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film was made in California during the summer and autumn of 1958. Many scenes were shot at the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego which appeared as the ``Seminole Ritz Hotel ''in Miami in the film. The Hotel in San Diego fitted into the era of the 1920s and was near Hollywood, so Wilder chose it although it was not in Florida.", "title": "Some Like It Hot" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Letcher County, Kentucky, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Letcher County, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blennerhassett Hotel is a historic hotel located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It opened in 1889 and is in the Queen Anne style. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. A full restoration took place in 1986. The Blennerhassett Hotel is also a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. (The hotel website states that the property is \"registered as a national historic landmark\". This is undoubtedly a mistake for it being placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Only about three percent of Register listings are NHLs.)", "title": "Blennerhassett Hotel" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Players is a clubhouse and theatre located at 3321 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1985 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.", "title": "The Players (Detroit, Michigan)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hannah Maria Libby Smith House, also known as the Arnel Milner Home, is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Hannah Maria Libby Smith House" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Idaho" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La Casa Pacifica (Spanish for \"The Pacific House\"; translated also as \"The House of Peace\") is a classic California beachfront mansion located in the gated community of Cottons Point Estates/Cypress Shores in the casual South Orange County beach town of San Clemente, California, and overlooks the Pacific Ocean from its blufftop position. This estate is also known as President Richard Nixon's Western White House, used while living and working outside of the official presidential residence, the White House in Washington D.C.", "title": "La Casa Pacifica" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Kingfisher County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Kingfisher County, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The J. C. Carly House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is a historic home located in Curtis Park, Sacramento, California.", "title": "J. C. Carly House" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monona County Courthouse, located in Onawa, Iowa, United States, was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.", "title": "Monona County Courthouse" } ]	In what country would you find the locations listed in the National Register of Historic Places for the county which contains the town where C1RCA is headquartered within the state where Some Like it Hot was filmed?	America	[ "United States", "US" ]	Title: Frederick Torgler Building Passage: The Frederick Torgler Building is a building located in north Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Ashley County, Arkansas Passage: This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. Title: Blennerhassett Hotel Passage: Blennerhassett Hotel is a historic hotel located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It opened in 1889 and is in the Queen Anne style. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. A full restoration took place in 1986. The Blennerhassett Hotel is also a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. (The hotel website states that the property is "registered as a national historic landmark". This is undoubtedly a mistake for it being placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Only about three percent of Register listings are NHLs.) Title: Elk Landing Passage: Elk Landing is the name of a historic home located at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. The house at Elk Landing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Title: J. C. Carly House Passage: The J. C. Carly House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is a historic home located in Curtis Park, Sacramento, California. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Metcalfe County, Kentucky Passage: It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Metcalfe County, Kentucky, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampden County, Massachusetts Passage: This is a list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. Title: The Players (Detroit, Michigan) Passage: The Players is a clubhouse and theatre located at 3321 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1985 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Letcher County, Kentucky Passage: It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Letcher County, Kentucky, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Roane County, Tennessee Passage: This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and historic districts in Roane County, Tennessee, United States, that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, Oklahoma Passage: This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Grant County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. Title: D.C. Eldridge House Passage: The D.C. Eldridge House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984. Title: Hannah Maria Libby Smith House Passage: The Hannah Maria Libby Smith House, also known as the Arnel Milner Home, is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kingfisher County, Oklahoma Passage: This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Kingfisher County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. Title: Monona County Courthouse Passage: The Monona County Courthouse, located in Onawa, Iowa, United States, was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Idaho Passage: This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. Title: La Casa Pacifica Passage: La Casa Pacifica (Spanish for "The Pacific House"; translated also as "The House of Peace") is a classic California beachfront mansion located in the gated community of Cottons Point Estates/Cypress Shores in the casual South Orange County beach town of San Clemente, California, and overlooks the Pacific Ocean from its blufftop position. This estate is also known as President Richard Nixon's Western White House, used while living and working outside of the official presidential residence, the White House in Washington D.C. Title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, California Passage: This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map. These historic sites reflect the region's Native American, Spanish and Mexican ethnic heritage. They include historic mansions from the eras of wealth created by citrus farming and oil discovery and reflect political leadership and scientific achievements, as well as other themes. Title: Circa (company) Passage: Circa (stylized "C1RCA" or "C1rca") is a skateboard footwear and apparel company that started in 1999 and is based in San Clemente, California. Title: Some Like It Hot Passage: The film was made in California during the summer and autumn of 1958. Many scenes were shot at the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego which appeared as the ``Seminole Ritz Hotel ''in Miami in the film. The Hotel in San Diego fitted into the era of the 1920s and was near Hollywood, so Wilder chose it although it was not in Florida.	[ "Circa (company)", "National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, California", "Some Like It Hot", "La Casa Pacifica" ]
2hop__532817_541630	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Malagawatch is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Inverness County on Cape Breton Island.", "title": "Malagawatch" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westerplatte is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the Vistula delta estuaries), in the Gdańsk harbour channel. From 1926 to 1939 it was the location of a Polish Military Transit Depot (WST), sanctioned within the territory of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk).", "title": "Westerplatte" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport is located at Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, Canada. Pilots will need to bring their own pump if they require 100LL fuel.", "title": "Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Upper Lakeville is a small cottage community on the Eastern Shore of the Halifax Regional Municipality, in the Musquodoboit/Sheet Harbour region of the Marine Drive, in Nova Scotia. Upper Lakeville road is located on the junction of Trunk 7, 55.3 km from Dartmouth, and 58.9 km from Halifax.", "title": "Upper Lakeville" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.", "title": "Municipio XIX" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" } ]	Sheet Harbor and Malagawatch are both part of what municipality?	Halifax Regional Municipality	[ "Halifax" ]	Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Upper Lakeville Passage: Upper Lakeville is a small cottage community on the Eastern Shore of the Halifax Regional Municipality, in the Musquodoboit/Sheet Harbour region of the Marine Drive, in Nova Scotia. Upper Lakeville road is located on the junction of Trunk 7, 55.3 km from Dartmouth, and 58.9 km from Halifax. Title: Westerplatte Passage: Westerplatte is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the Vistula delta estuaries), in the Gdańsk harbour channel. From 1926 to 1939 it was the location of a Polish Military Transit Depot (WST), sanctioned within the territory of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk). Title: Malagawatch Passage: Malagawatch is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Inverness County on Cape Breton Island. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Municipio XIX Passage: The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome. Title: Marussia Motors Passage: In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading. Title: Wardville, Oklahoma Passage: Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007. Title: Bani Walid District Passage: Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Deninu School Passage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport Passage: Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport is located at Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, Canada. Pilots will need to bring their own pump if they require 100LL fuel.	[ "Malagawatch", "Upper Lakeville" ]
3hop1__772596_49283_632017	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``My House ''is a song by American recording artist Flo Rida from his 2015 EP of the same name. The song was released as the album's third official single on October 13, 2015 in the US. The song contains a sample from`` Impeach the President'' by The Honey Drippers.", "title": "My House (Flo Rida song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Let's Impeach the President\" is a protest song written, produced and recorded by Neil Young. It is the seventh track on his 2006 studio album \"Living with War\".", "title": "Let's Impeach the President" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Vickers (November 19, 1801October 8, 1879), a Democrat, was a United States Senator from Maryland, serving from 1868 to 1873. He cast the deciding vote in the Senate that saved U.S. President Andrew Johnson from impeachment. Vickers also served in the Maryland State Senate.", "title": "George Vickers" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2009, another Kenyan journalist brought up the subject of the 2000 marriage proposal to then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during a town hall meeting with reporters. After a pause, Secretary Clinton replied saying, \"My daughter is her own person. I will convey this very kind offer.\" Chepkurgor expressed happiness that his original marriage offer had been renewed in an interview with the BBC. Chepkurgor added at the time that his first wife, Grace, \"did not object\" to his proposal to Chelsea Clinton.", "title": "Godwin Chepkurgor" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State legislatures can impeach state officials, including governors. The court for the trial of impeachments may differ somewhat from the federal model -- in New York, for instance, the Assembly (lower house) impeaches, and the State Senate tries the case, but the members of the seven - judge New York State Court of Appeals (the state's highest, constitutional court) sit with the senators as jurors as well. Impeachment and removal of governors has happened occasionally throughout the history of the United States, usually for corruption charges. A total of at least eleven U.S. state governors have faced an impeachment trial; a twelfth, Governor Lee Cruce of Oklahoma, escaped impeachment conviction by a single vote in 1912. Several others, most recently Connecticut's John G. Rowland, have resigned rather than face impeachment, when events seemed to make it inevitable. The most recent impeachment of a state governor occurred on January 14, 2009, when the Illinois House of Representatives voted 117 - 1 to impeach Rod Blagojevich on corruption charges; he was subsequently removed from office and barred from holding future office by the Illinois Senate on January 29. He was the eighth U.S. state governor to be removed from office.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on her or his own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a special prosecutor, the President, or state or territorial legislature, grand jury, or by petition.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oconee Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 491 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 496.", "title": "Oconee Township, Platte County, Nebraska" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Toward the end of the season, Underwood orchestrates Walker's downfall. He secretly leaks the details of the money laundering, for which Walker is blamed. While publicly supporting Walker, Underwood works behind the scenes to have him impeached, with Sharp's help. In the season finale, ``Chapter 26 '', Walker resigns, and Underwood succeeds him as President of the United States.", "title": "Frank Underwood (House of Cards)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tuleš () is a village in the municipality of Aleksandrovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 496 people.", "title": "Tuleš" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senate also has a role in ratifying treaties. The Constitution provides that the president may only \"make Treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur\" in order to benefit from the Senate's advice and consent and give each state an equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process. However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements.The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors\" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting president of the United States is being tried, the chief justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Similar to the British system, Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. national government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires a two - thirds majority vote. Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibility of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed. Impeachment with respect to political office should not be confused with witness impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Interstate 496 (I-496) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that passes through downtown Lansing in the US state of Michigan. Also a component of the State Trunkline Highway System, the freeway connects I-96 to the downtown area. It has been named the R.E. Olds Freeway (sometimes just Olds Freeway) for Ransom E. Olds, the founder of Oldsmobile and the REO Motor Car Company. I-496 runs east–west from I-96/I-69 near the downtown area and north–south along a section that runs concurrently with US Highway 127 (US 127). The trunkline also passes a former assembly plant used by Oldsmobile and runs along or crosses parts of the Grand and Red Cedar rivers.", "title": "Interstate 496" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mandurama is a village in the Blayney Shire, New South Wales, Australia. At the , Mandurama and the surrounding area had a population of 496 people.", "title": "Mandurama, New South Wales" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leshnjë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 496.", "title": "Leshnjë" } ]	Who is the child of the last president to be impeached in the country having Interstate 496?	Chelsea Clinton	[]	Title: United States Senate Passage: The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. Title: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Passage: This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction. Title: Godwin Chepkurgor Passage: In 2009, another Kenyan journalist brought up the subject of the 2000 marriage proposal to then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during a town hall meeting with reporters. After a pause, Secretary Clinton replied saying, "My daughter is her own person. I will convey this very kind offer." Chepkurgor expressed happiness that his original marriage offer had been renewed in an interview with the BBC. Chepkurgor added at the time that his first wife, Grace, "did not object" to his proposal to Chelsea Clinton. Title: Leshnjë Passage: Leshnjë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 496. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on her or his own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a special prosecutor, the President, or state or territorial legislature, grand jury, or by petition. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings. Title: My House (Flo Rida song) Passage: ``My House ''is a song by American recording artist Flo Rida from his 2015 EP of the same name. The song was released as the album's third official single on October 13, 2015 in the US. The song contains a sample from`` Impeach the President'' by The Honey Drippers. Title: Interstate 496 Passage: Interstate 496 (I-496) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that passes through downtown Lansing in the US state of Michigan. Also a component of the State Trunkline Highway System, the freeway connects I-96 to the downtown area. It has been named the R.E. Olds Freeway (sometimes just Olds Freeway) for Ransom E. Olds, the founder of Oldsmobile and the REO Motor Car Company. I-496 runs east–west from I-96/I-69 near the downtown area and north–south along a section that runs concurrently with US Highway 127 (US 127). The trunkline also passes a former assembly plant used by Oldsmobile and runs along or crosses parts of the Grand and Red Cedar rivers. Title: Oconee Township, Platte County, Nebraska Passage: Oconee Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 491 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 496. Title: Frank Underwood (House of Cards) Passage: Toward the end of the season, Underwood orchestrates Walker's downfall. He secretly leaks the details of the money laundering, for which Walker is blamed. While publicly supporting Walker, Underwood works behind the scenes to have him impeached, with Sharp's help. In the season finale, ``Chapter 26 '', Walker resigns, and Underwood succeeds him as President of the United States. Title: Mandurama, New South Wales Passage: Mandurama is a village in the Blayney Shire, New South Wales, Australia. At the , Mandurama and the surrounding area had a population of 496 people. Title: United States Senate Passage: The Senate also has a role in ratifying treaties. The Constitution provides that the president may only "make Treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur" in order to benefit from the Senate's advice and consent and give each state an equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process. However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements.The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting president of the United States is being tried, the chief justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law. Title: Let's Impeach the President Passage: "Let's Impeach the President" is a protest song written, produced and recorded by Neil Young. It is the seventh track on his 2006 studio album "Living with War". Title: Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Passage: The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses) Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: State legislatures can impeach state officials, including governors. The court for the trial of impeachments may differ somewhat from the federal model -- in New York, for instance, the Assembly (lower house) impeaches, and the State Senate tries the case, but the members of the seven - judge New York State Court of Appeals (the state's highest, constitutional court) sit with the senators as jurors as well. Impeachment and removal of governors has happened occasionally throughout the history of the United States, usually for corruption charges. A total of at least eleven U.S. state governors have faced an impeachment trial; a twelfth, Governor Lee Cruce of Oklahoma, escaped impeachment conviction by a single vote in 1912. Several others, most recently Connecticut's John G. Rowland, have resigned rather than face impeachment, when events seemed to make it inevitable. The most recent impeachment of a state governor occurred on January 14, 2009, when the Illinois House of Representatives voted 117 - 1 to impeach Rod Blagojevich on corruption charges; he was subsequently removed from office and barred from holding future office by the Illinois Senate on January 29. He was the eighth U.S. state governor to be removed from office. Title: George Vickers Passage: George Vickers (November 19, 1801October 8, 1879), a Democrat, was a United States Senator from Maryland, serving from 1868 to 1873. He cast the deciding vote in the Senate that saved U.S. President Andrew Johnson from impeachment. Vickers also served in the Maryland State Senate. Title: Tuleš Passage: Tuleš () is a village in the municipality of Aleksandrovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 496 people. Title: Impeachment Passage: Similar to the British system, Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. national government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires a two - thirds majority vote. Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibility of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed. Impeachment with respect to political office should not be confused with witness impeachment.	[ "Godwin Chepkurgor", "Impeachment in the United States", "Interstate 496" ]
2hop__74369_13735	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The work comprises five visions, twelve mandates, and ten parables. It relies on allegory and pays special attention to the Church, calling the faithful to repent of the sins that have harmed it.", "title": "The Shepherd of Hermas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Parable of the Sower (sometimes called the Parable of the Soils) is a parable of Jesus found in the three Synoptic Gospels in Matthew 13: 1 - 23, Mark 4: 1 - 20, and Luke 8: 1 - 15. In the story, a sower sows seed; some seed falls on the path (way side), on rocky ground and among thorns, and it is lost, but when it falls on good earth it grows, yielding thirty, sixty, and a hundredfold.", "title": "Parable of the Sower" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, however, although a reference to the death of Mary are made in Munificentissimus Deus. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is believed, and celebrated with her Dormition, where they believe she died.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The parable of the Good Samaritan is a parable told by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke It is about a traveler who is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. First a priest and then a Levite comes by, but both avoid the man. Finally, a Samaritan happens upon the traveler. Samaritans and Jews generally despised each other, but the Samaritan helps the injured man. Jesus is described as telling the parable in response to the question from a lawyer, ``And who is my neighbor? ''who Leviticus Lev 19: 18 says should be loved. In response, Jesus tells the parable, the conclusion of which is that the neighbour figure in the parable is the man who shows mercy to the injured man -- that is, the Samaritan.", "title": "Parable of the Good Samaritan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DNA and Cell Biology is a scientific journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and covers topics related to DNA and cell biology, such as:", "title": "DNA and Cell Biology" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that \"understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference.\" This connection is further analyzed by Stout and Jeannine M. Love in Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration", "title": "Alfred North Whitehead" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gospel is a 2005 American drama film directed and written by Rob Hardy. It was released in the United States on October 7, 2005. The film retells the Parable of the Prodigal Son in a modern context.", "title": "The Gospel (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coconut Hotel is an album by the American experimental rock band Red Krayola that was recorded in 1967. It was intended to be the band's second album after the release of \"The Parable of Arable Land\", but was rejected by International Artists and shelved indefinitely. It remained unreleased until it was finally issued on March 25, 1995, by Drag City.", "title": "Coconut Hotel" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie Huber (4 March 1695 – 13 June 1753) was a Genevan writer on theology and related subjects, as well as a translator and editor, at a time when it was rare for a female writer to write about theology.", "title": "Marie Huber" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sowers is a ghost town located approximately 11 miles northwest of Dallas, Texas in Dallas County. Today, the once rural community is located entirely within the boundaries of Irving, Texas. Of the original townsite, only the cemetery remains.", "title": "Sowers, Texas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sowers Glacier () is a glacier that flows from the prominent cirque on the east side of Craddock Massif and continues between Willis Ridge on the north, and Sanchez Peak and Stolnik Peak on the south, to join Thomas Glacier north of Mount Osborne, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.", "title": "Sowers Glacier" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parable of the Faithful Servant (or Parable of the Door Keeper) is a parable of Jesus found in Matthew 24: 42 - 51, Mark 13: 34 - 37, and Luke 12: 35 - 48 about how it is important for the faithful to keep watch.", "title": "Parable of the Faithful Servant" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sower (), created in 1907, is an oil on canvas painting by the Slovene Impressionist painter and musician Ivan Grohar. It is an image of a peasant sowing seeds on a ploughed field in an early and foggy morning. A hayrack, typical of the Slovene landscape, stands in the back, and even farther, the rocks of the small hill Kamnitnik near Škofja Loka. It has been a metaphor for the 19th-century myth of Slovenes as a vigorous nation in front of an unclear destiny, a symbol for the Slovene nation that sows in order that it could harvest, and a depiction of human interrelatedness with the nature. It is also a reflection of the context of Slovene transition from a rural to an urban culture. It has become one of the most characteristic and established Slovene creations in visual arts. It has been used by the IRWIN art group as well as the Semenarna Ljubljana seed company, and is depicted on the Slovenian 5 cent euro coin.", "title": "The Sower" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parable of the Great Banquet or the Wedding Feast or the Marriage of the King's Son is a parable told by Jesus in the New Testament, found in Matthew Matthew 22: 1 - 14 and Luke Luke 14: 15 - 24.", "title": "Parable of the Great Banquet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Glick–Sower House, also known as the Susie Sower House, is located in Marshalltown, Iowa. The house was built in 1859 for Dr. George Glick and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1993. It is operated as a historic house museum by the Historical Society of Marshall County.", "title": "Glick–Sower House" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parable of the Pearl (also called the Pearl of Great Price) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew 13: 45 - 46 and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It is the penultimate parable in Matthew 13, just before the Parable of the Dragnet.", "title": "Parable of the Pearl" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Running on Karma (), also known as An Intelligent Muscle Man, is a 2003 Hong Kong action thriller film produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai. The film is ultimately a Buddhist parable about the nature of karma. There were some cuts in the Mainland China edition to meet the requirements for release there.", "title": "Running on Karma" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Last Parable is a 1953 novel by Alec Coppel about the life and times of a judge. It differed from much of Coppel's usual output in that it was not a murder mystery or comedy.", "title": "The Last Parable" } ]	How was Mary related to the sower in the parable of the sower?	mother of Jesus	[ "Christ", "Jesus" ]	Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone. Title: Parable of the Pearl Passage: The Parable of the Pearl (also called the Pearl of Great Price) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew 13: 45 - 46 and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It is the penultimate parable in Matthew 13, just before the Parable of the Dragnet. Title: Sowers, Texas Passage: Sowers is a ghost town located approximately 11 miles northwest of Dallas, Texas in Dallas County. Today, the once rural community is located entirely within the boundaries of Irving, Texas. Of the original townsite, only the cemetery remains. Title: DNA and Cell Biology Passage: DNA and Cell Biology is a scientific journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and covers topics related to DNA and cell biology, such as: Title: The Gospel (film) Passage: The Gospel is a 2005 American drama film directed and written by Rob Hardy. It was released in the United States on October 7, 2005. The film retells the Parable of the Prodigal Son in a modern context. Title: Parable of the Faithful Servant Passage: The Parable of the Faithful Servant (or Parable of the Door Keeper) is a parable of Jesus found in Matthew 24: 42 - 51, Mark 13: 34 - 37, and Luke 12: 35 - 48 about how it is important for the faithful to keep watch. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, however, although a reference to the death of Mary are made in Munificentissimus Deus. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is believed, and celebrated with her Dormition, where they believe she died. Title: The Shepherd of Hermas Passage: The work comprises five visions, twelve mandates, and ten parables. It relies on allegory and pays special attention to the Church, calling the faithful to repent of the sins that have harmed it. Title: Marie Huber Passage: Marie Huber (4 March 1695 – 13 June 1753) was a Genevan writer on theology and related subjects, as well as a translator and editor, at a time when it was rare for a female writer to write about theology. Title: The Last Parable Passage: The Last Parable is a 1953 novel by Alec Coppel about the life and times of a judge. It differed from much of Coppel's usual output in that it was not a murder mystery or comedy. Title: Coconut Hotel Passage: Coconut Hotel is an album by the American experimental rock band Red Krayola that was recorded in 1967. It was intended to be the band's second album after the release of "The Parable of Arable Land", but was rejected by International Artists and shelved indefinitely. It remained unreleased until it was finally issued on March 25, 1995, by Drag City. Title: The Sower Passage: The Sower (), created in 1907, is an oil on canvas painting by the Slovene Impressionist painter and musician Ivan Grohar. It is an image of a peasant sowing seeds on a ploughed field in an early and foggy morning. A hayrack, typical of the Slovene landscape, stands in the back, and even farther, the rocks of the small hill Kamnitnik near Škofja Loka. It has been a metaphor for the 19th-century myth of Slovenes as a vigorous nation in front of an unclear destiny, a symbol for the Slovene nation that sows in order that it could harvest, and a depiction of human interrelatedness with the nature. It is also a reflection of the context of Slovene transition from a rural to an urban culture. It has become one of the most characteristic and established Slovene creations in visual arts. It has been used by the IRWIN art group as well as the Semenarna Ljubljana seed company, and is depicted on the Slovenian 5 cent euro coin. Title: Parable of the Sower Passage: The Parable of the Sower (sometimes called the Parable of the Soils) is a parable of Jesus found in the three Synoptic Gospels in Matthew 13: 1 - 23, Mark 4: 1 - 20, and Luke 8: 1 - 15. In the story, a sower sows seed; some seed falls on the path (way side), on rocky ground and among thorns, and it is lost, but when it falls on good earth it grows, yielding thirty, sixty, and a hundredfold. Title: Running on Karma Passage: Running on Karma (), also known as An Intelligent Muscle Man, is a 2003 Hong Kong action thriller film produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai. The film is ultimately a Buddhist parable about the nature of karma. There were some cuts in the Mainland China edition to meet the requirements for release there. Title: Glick–Sower House Passage: The Glick–Sower House, also known as the Susie Sower House, is located in Marshalltown, Iowa. The house was built in 1859 for Dr. George Glick and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1993. It is operated as a historic house museum by the Historical Society of Marshall County. Title: Parable of the Great Banquet Passage: The Parable of the Great Banquet or the Wedding Feast or the Marriage of the King's Son is a parable told by Jesus in the New Testament, found in Matthew Matthew 22: 1 - 14 and Luke Luke 14: 15 - 24. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption. Title: Alfred North Whitehead Passage: Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference." This connection is further analyzed by Stout and Jeannine M. Love in Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration Title: Parable of the Good Samaritan Passage: The parable of the Good Samaritan is a parable told by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke It is about a traveler who is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. First a priest and then a Levite comes by, but both avoid the man. Finally, a Samaritan happens upon the traveler. Samaritans and Jews generally despised each other, but the Samaritan helps the injured man. Jesus is described as telling the parable in response to the question from a lawyer, ``And who is my neighbor? ''who Leviticus Lev 19: 18 says should be loved. In response, Jesus tells the parable, the conclusion of which is that the neighbour figure in the parable is the man who shows mercy to the injured man -- that is, the Samaritan. Title: Sowers Glacier Passage: Sowers Glacier () is a glacier that flows from the prominent cirque on the east side of Craddock Massif and continues between Willis Ridge on the north, and Sanchez Peak and Stolnik Peak on the south, to join Thomas Glacier north of Mount Osborne, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.	[ "Parable of the Sower", "Mary, mother of Jesus" ]
2hop__2542_44959	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bucinișu (), composed of two villages, Bucinișu and Bucinișu Mic, is a small commune in Olt County in the region of southern Oltenia, Romania. It has mainly developed throughout the time on the practice of agriculture. Also, Bucinișu is representative for the habits and traditions from this part of Romania.", "title": "Bucinișu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008", "title": "Put On" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerry Dentler Page (February 27, 1915 – March 19, 1989) was a major general in the United States Air Force and commandant of the Air War College who was reassigned after making controversial statements at the school. Page was considered to be one of the \"ablest minds\" of the Air Force in the 1960s.", "title": "Jerry D. Page" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 13, 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested, by the Phoenix Police Department, based on circumstantial evidence linking him to the kidnapping and rape of an eighteen - year - old woman ten days earlier. After two hours of interrogation by police officers, Miranda signed a confession to the rape charge on forms that included the typed statement: ``I do hereby swear that I make this statement voluntarily and of my own free will, with no threats, coercion, or promises of immunity, and with full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me. ''", "title": "Miranda v. Arizona" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Make Her Say\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kid Cudi, released as the second single from his debut album \"\" (2009). The single was digitally released to iTunes on June 9, 2009. It features fellow American rappers Common and Kanye West, the latter of whom also produced the song. The song is perhaps best known for its sample of \"Poker Face\", as performed by Lady Gaga. The song received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 52nd Grammy Awards.", "title": "Make Her Say" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mic Checka\" is a song by American hip hop group Das EFX recorded for their debut album \"Dead Serious\" (1992). The song was released as the second single for the album in July 1992.", "title": "Mic Checka" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I do not choose to run is President Calvin Coolidge's statement to the press on his decision not to run for the 1928 presidential election. The statement was ambiguous, and led to considerable debate as to the intentions of its language.", "title": "I do not choose to run" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melisa Young (born July 3, 1980), better known by her stage name Kid Sister, is an American rapper based in Chicago, Illinois, known for her single \"Pro Nails\", which features Kanye West.", "title": "Kid Sister" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer - animated musical fantasy -- comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once - ler. The cast includes Zac Efron as Ted, Danny DeVito as the Lorax, and Ed Helms as the Once - ler. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White).", "title": "The Lorax (film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As they sing, the video cuts between footage of the pair walking down the ``long, lonesome road ''and the encounter with the demon played by Dave Grohl. The demon also performs the electric guitar solo in the music video. After the solo, Black and Gass jump out of the booth and start shouting the lyrics at mall shoppers and dancing flamboyantly. Passersby include cameos from Lynch and Ben Stiller. While most pay no attention, an old lady, played by Linda Porter assaults Black with her purse after he grabs her while singing. A policeman, played by JR Reed, who played`` Lee'' in the band's television series, takes Black and Gass away. At the end the same old lady who was frightened by the duo picks up the now - recorded CD, eyes glowing red, and cackles demonically.", "title": "Tribute (song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "West's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy, and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry. During the ceremony, West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyoncé's video for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", nominated for the same award, was \"one of the best videos of all time\". He was subsequently withdrawn from the remainder of the show for his actions. West's tour with Lady Gaga was cancelled in response to the controversy, and it was suggested that the incident was partially responsible for 808s & Heartbreak's lack of nominations at the 52nd Grammy Awards.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christy Harvey is the Director of Strategic Communications at the Center for American Progress. She was a regular guest on \"The Al Franken Show\". She also edits a free news website for the Center called Mic Check. She is a former research director at \"The Wall Street Journal\".", "title": "Christy Harvey" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wags is a tall, brown, furry dog with floppy ears and a happy face. He ``loves to sing and dance and kids bring 'bones' that the Wiggly dancers collect from the audience ''. The last of the four characters to be introduced, Wags was originally played by Field. Fatt provided the original barking noises for Wags before Paul Field, general manager of The Wiggles and brother of Blue Wiggle Anthony took over. Mic Conway of The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band fame, has provided Wags's full - spoken dialogue.", "title": "The Wiggles characters" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A contract is a legally binding voluntary agreement that is formed when one person makes an offer, and the other accepts it. There may be some preliminary discussion before an offer is formally made. Such pre-contractual representations are known variously as ``invitations to treat '',`` requests for information'' or ``statements of intention ''.", "title": "Invitation to treat" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their \"Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers\" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 \"Hottest MC in the Game.\" On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade. West ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever, with four number-one albums each. West has also been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes annual lists.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563 (1968), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that in the absence of proof of the teacher knowingly or recklessly making false statements the teacher had a right to speak on issues of public importance without being dismissed from his or her position. The case was later distinguished by \"Garcetti v. Ceballos\", where the Court held that statements by public employees made pursuant to their employment have no First Amendment protection.", "title": "Pickering v. Board of Education" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eddie Albert - Narrator Bob Holt - The Lorax, Mr. Once - Ler Athena Lorde - Ms. Funce - ler, Harlen Carraher - Humming Fish Thurl Ravenscroft - Singer Matt Bennison - Ted", "title": "The Lorax (TV special)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Parker Helms (born January 24, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is known for his work as a correspondent on The Daily Show as well as playing Andy Bernard in the U.S. version of The Office, the Once - ler in The Lorax (2012), Stuart Price in The Hangover trilogy, and Mr. Krupp / Captain Underpants in Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017).", "title": "Ed Helms" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About.com felt that Jay-Z lacked presence, writing, \"It looks like someone finally got tired of being bullied by 'Big Brother'. Roc Nation dropped the ball on the song credit though; it was supposed to read 'Kanye West Featuring Rihanna,' because 'Ye murdered Jay on his own track. But that's not saying much because Jay was running this race on one foot. In other words, Kanye didn't win, Jay lost\". Digital Spy gave a mixed review of the song. \"Boasting three of the biggest stars from the worlds of hip-hop and R&B, 'Run This Town' was never going to be a flop, but neither is it a roaring success. Kanye's slick rapping (\"Reebok baby, you need to try some new things, have you ever had shoes without shoestrings?\") and Rihanna's \"hey-hey\" chorus hook make Jay-Z seem surplus to requirements, which surely can't have been the aim. The chaotic military march beats are impressive – and hats off to Jigga for snubbing Auto-Tune – but this track still doesn't seem fitting of an artist considered a groundbreaking rap legend.", "title": "Run This Town" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jessica Kathryn Brungo (born April 16, 1982) is an American women's basketball player formerly with the Connecticut Sun of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She was selected 16th overall in the 2004 WNBA Draft out of Penn State. During her career at Penn State, she scored 1,143 points, and grabbed 649 rebounds. She played for basketball hall of famer Rene Portland.", "title": "Jessica Brungo" } ]	In the movie Lorax, what character was played by the singer Kanye grabbed the mic from to make a statement?	Audrey	[]	Title: Ed Helms Passage: Edward Parker Helms (born January 24, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is known for his work as a correspondent on The Daily Show as well as playing Andy Bernard in the U.S. version of The Office, the Once - ler in The Lorax (2012), Stuart Price in The Hangover trilogy, and Mr. Krupp / Captain Underpants in Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017). Title: The Lorax (film) Passage: The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer - animated musical fantasy -- comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once - ler. The cast includes Zac Efron as Ted, Danny DeVito as the Lorax, and Ed Helms as the Once - ler. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White). Title: The Wiggles characters Passage: Wags is a tall, brown, furry dog with floppy ears and a happy face. He ``loves to sing and dance and kids bring 'bones' that the Wiggly dancers collect from the audience ''. The last of the four characters to be introduced, Wags was originally played by Field. Fatt provided the original barking noises for Wags before Paul Field, general manager of The Wiggles and brother of Blue Wiggle Anthony took over. Mic Conway of The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band fame, has provided Wags's full - spoken dialogue. Title: Christy Harvey Passage: Christy Harvey is the Director of Strategic Communications at the Center for American Progress. She was a regular guest on "The Al Franken Show". She also edits a free news website for the Center called Mic Check. She is a former research director at "The Wall Street Journal". Title: Tribute (song) Passage: As they sing, the video cuts between footage of the pair walking down the ``long, lonesome road ''and the encounter with the demon played by Dave Grohl. The demon also performs the electric guitar solo in the music video. After the solo, Black and Gass jump out of the booth and start shouting the lyrics at mall shoppers and dancing flamboyantly. Passersby include cameos from Lynch and Ben Stiller. While most pay no attention, an old lady, played by Linda Porter assaults Black with her purse after he grabs her while singing. A policeman, played by JR Reed, who played`` Lee'' in the band's television series, takes Black and Gass away. At the end the same old lady who was frightened by the duo picks up the now - recorded CD, eyes glowing red, and cackles demonically. Title: Make Her Say Passage: "Make Her Say" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kid Cudi, released as the second single from his debut album "" (2009). The single was digitally released to iTunes on June 9, 2009. It features fellow American rappers Common and Kanye West, the latter of whom also produced the song. The song is perhaps best known for its sample of "Poker Face", as performed by Lady Gaga. The song received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Title: Pickering v. Board of Education Passage: Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563 (1968), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that in the absence of proof of the teacher knowingly or recklessly making false statements the teacher had a right to speak on issues of public importance without being dismissed from his or her position. The case was later distinguished by "Garcetti v. Ceballos", where the Court held that statements by public employees made pursuant to their employment have no First Amendment protection. Title: Jessica Brungo Passage: Jessica Kathryn Brungo (born April 16, 1982) is an American women's basketball player formerly with the Connecticut Sun of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She was selected 16th overall in the 2004 WNBA Draft out of Penn State. During her career at Penn State, she scored 1,143 points, and grabbed 649 rebounds. She played for basketball hall of famer Rene Portland. Title: Kanye West Passage: As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game." On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade. West ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever, with four number-one albums each. West has also been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes annual lists. Title: Mic Checka Passage: "Mic Checka" is a song by American hip hop group Das EFX recorded for their debut album "Dead Serious" (1992). The song was released as the second single for the album in July 1992. Title: Kanye West Passage: West's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy, and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry. During the ceremony, West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated for the same award, was "one of the best videos of all time". He was subsequently withdrawn from the remainder of the show for his actions. West's tour with Lady Gaga was cancelled in response to the controversy, and it was suggested that the incident was partially responsible for 808s & Heartbreak's lack of nominations at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Title: Jerry D. Page Passage: Jerry Dentler Page (February 27, 1915 – March 19, 1989) was a major general in the United States Air Force and commandant of the Air War College who was reassigned after making controversial statements at the school. Page was considered to be one of the "ablest minds" of the Air Force in the 1960s. Title: Put On Passage: ``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008 Title: I do not choose to run Passage: I do not choose to run is President Calvin Coolidge's statement to the press on his decision not to run for the 1928 presidential election. The statement was ambiguous, and led to considerable debate as to the intentions of its language. Title: Miranda v. Arizona Passage: On March 13, 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested, by the Phoenix Police Department, based on circumstantial evidence linking him to the kidnapping and rape of an eighteen - year - old woman ten days earlier. After two hours of interrogation by police officers, Miranda signed a confession to the rape charge on forms that included the typed statement: ``I do hereby swear that I make this statement voluntarily and of my own free will, with no threats, coercion, or promises of immunity, and with full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me. '' Title: Run This Town Passage: About.com felt that Jay-Z lacked presence, writing, "It looks like someone finally got tired of being bullied by 'Big Brother'. Roc Nation dropped the ball on the song credit though; it was supposed to read 'Kanye West Featuring Rihanna,' because 'Ye murdered Jay on his own track. But that's not saying much because Jay was running this race on one foot. In other words, Kanye didn't win, Jay lost". Digital Spy gave a mixed review of the song. "Boasting three of the biggest stars from the worlds of hip-hop and R&B, 'Run This Town' was never going to be a flop, but neither is it a roaring success. Kanye's slick rapping ("Reebok baby, you need to try some new things, have you ever had shoes without shoestrings?") and Rihanna's "hey-hey" chorus hook make Jay-Z seem surplus to requirements, which surely can't have been the aim. The chaotic military march beats are impressive – and hats off to Jigga for snubbing Auto-Tune – but this track still doesn't seem fitting of an artist considered a groundbreaking rap legend. Title: Bucinișu Passage: Bucinișu (), composed of two villages, Bucinișu and Bucinișu Mic, is a small commune in Olt County in the region of southern Oltenia, Romania. It has mainly developed throughout the time on the practice of agriculture. Also, Bucinișu is representative for the habits and traditions from this part of Romania. Title: Invitation to treat Passage: A contract is a legally binding voluntary agreement that is formed when one person makes an offer, and the other accepts it. There may be some preliminary discussion before an offer is formally made. Such pre-contractual representations are known variously as ``invitations to treat '',`` requests for information'' or ``statements of intention ''. Title: The Lorax (TV special) Passage: Eddie Albert - Narrator Bob Holt - The Lorax, Mr. Once - Ler Athena Lorde - Ms. Funce - ler, Harlen Carraher - Humming Fish Thurl Ravenscroft - Singer Matt Bennison - Ted Title: Kid Sister Passage: Melisa Young (born July 3, 1980), better known by her stage name Kid Sister, is an American rapper based in Chicago, Illinois, known for her single "Pro Nails", which features Kanye West.	[ "The Lorax (film)", "Kanye West" ]
4hop3__401291_769404_544850_170163	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Top and Bottom Brass" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Al Green Explores Your Mind is the eighth album by soul singer Al Green. Unlike previous Al Green albums, this album featured only one major hit, the U.S. #7 hit \"Sha-La-La (Make Me Happy)\", but did contain the original version of \"Take Me to the River\", a song which went to #26 on the Billboard chart when covered by Talking Heads in 1978. In 2004, the song \"Take Me to the River\" was ranked number 117 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time.", "title": "Al Green Explores Your Mind" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesus at the Center: Live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by Israel & New Breed. The album is released by Integrity Media and Columbia Records. The album was recorded live at Lakewood Church in early February 2012.", "title": "Jesus at the Center: Live" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.", "title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.", "title": "Jamal Plays Jamal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lay It Down is the 29th studio album by American recording artist Al Green, released May 27, 2008, on Blue Note Records. The album was produced by Ahmir \"Questlove\" Thompson of The Roots and James Poyser. Four tracks feature guest artists, two with Anthony Hamilton, and one each with John Legend and Corinne Bailey Rae. \"Lay It Down\" is Green's first Top 10 Album since 1973, and, according to Metacritic, has received widespread acclaim from critics. \"Stay With Me (By the Sea)\" won Al Green and John Legend a Grammy award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group given in 2009.", "title": "Lay It Down (Al Green album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Digital at Montreux, 1980 is a live album by trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie with Toots Thielemans and Bernard Purdie recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1980 and released on the Pablo label.", "title": "Digital at Montreux, 1980" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux is a live album by American jazz organist Ronnie Foster recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1973 and released on the Blue Note label.", "title": "Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label.", "title": "The Opening (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On the Avenue is the third studio album by American organist Ronnie Foster recorded in 1974 and released on the Blue Note label.", "title": "On the Avenue (album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label.", "title": "Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label.", "title": "African Venus" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Easterly Winds" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live at Montreux 1996 is a live album and DVD by British hard rock band Deep Purple, recorded in 1996 and released in 2006.", "title": "Live at Montreux 1996" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Cover on My Heart\" is a pop ballad performed by Guy Sebastian and is the third single from his third album \"Closer to the Sun\". Sebastian announced that this song was the album's third single in April 2007. The single was released on 28 July 2007 in Australia, set by his record label Sony BMG Australia. Sebastian performed the song on various programmes such as \"Sunrise\" and \"Rove Live\".", "title": "Cover on My Heart" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "30th Anniversary Tour: Live is the fourth live album by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was recorded on May 4, 2004 at the Royal Concert Hall in Nottingham, England, and on October 19, 2004 on the Eagle Records label. The performance was also released on DVD, and as a CD/DVD collectors' edition.", "title": "30th Anniversary Tour: Live" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Night of the Living Dregs is an album by Dixie Dregs, released in 1979. The first half of the album was recorded in the studio, and the second half at the Montreux Jazz Festival on July 23, 1978. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.", "title": "Night of the Living Dregs" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Make You Feel My Love ''Single by Bob Dylan from the album Time Out of Mind Released September 30, 1997 Recorded January 1997 Genre Blues rock Length 3: 32 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bob Dylan Producer (s) Daniel Lanois", "title": "Make You Feel My Love" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Red and Black in Willisau is a live album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman and drummer Ed Blackwell featuring performances recorded at the Willisau Jazz Festival in 1980 for the Italian Black Saint label.", "title": "Red and Black in Willisau" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Really Big!" } ]	What genre is album released by On the Avenue's performer in the album Cookin' it with Explore Your Mind's performer's record label at Montreux?	jaz	[ "Jazz", "jazz" ]	Title: Make You Feel My Love Passage: ``Make You Feel My Love ''Single by Bob Dylan from the album Time Out of Mind Released September 30, 1997 Recorded January 1997 Genre Blues rock Length 3: 32 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bob Dylan Producer (s) Daniel Lanois Title: African Venus Passage: African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label. Title: Matador (Kenny Dorham album) Passage: Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label. Title: Really Big! Passage: Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label. Title: Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album) Passage: Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label. Title: On the Avenue (album) Passage: On the Avenue is the third studio album by American organist Ronnie Foster recorded in 1974 and released on the Blue Note label. Title: Cover on My Heart Passage: "Cover on My Heart" is a pop ballad performed by Guy Sebastian and is the third single from his third album "Closer to the Sun". Sebastian announced that this song was the album's third single in April 2007. The single was released on 28 July 2007 in Australia, set by his record label Sony BMG Australia. Sebastian performed the song on various programmes such as "Sunrise" and "Rove Live". Title: Jamal Plays Jamal Passage: Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label. Title: 30th Anniversary Tour: Live Passage: 30th Anniversary Tour: Live is the fourth live album by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was recorded on May 4, 2004 at the Royal Concert Hall in Nottingham, England, and on October 19, 2004 on the Eagle Records label. The performance was also released on DVD, and as a CD/DVD collectors' edition. Title: Easterly Winds Passage: Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967. Title: Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux Passage: Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux is a live album by American jazz organist Ronnie Foster recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1973 and released on the Blue Note label. Title: Top and Bottom Brass Passage: Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label. Title: Al Green Explores Your Mind Passage: Al Green Explores Your Mind is the eighth album by soul singer Al Green. Unlike previous Al Green albums, this album featured only one major hit, the U.S. #7 hit "Sha-La-La (Make Me Happy)", but did contain the original version of "Take Me to the River", a song which went to #26 on the Billboard chart when covered by Talking Heads in 1978. In 2004, the song "Take Me to the River" was ranked number 117 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time. Title: Digital at Montreux, 1980 Passage: Digital at Montreux, 1980 is a live album by trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie with Toots Thielemans and Bernard Purdie recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1980 and released on the Pablo label. Title: The Opening (album) Passage: The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label. Title: Live at Montreux 1996 Passage: Live at Montreux 1996 is a live album and DVD by British hard rock band Deep Purple, recorded in 1996 and released in 2006. Title: Jesus at the Center: Live Passage: Jesus at the Center: Live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by Israel & New Breed. The album is released by Integrity Media and Columbia Records. The album was recorded live at Lakewood Church in early February 2012. Title: Night of the Living Dregs Passage: Night of the Living Dregs is an album by Dixie Dregs, released in 1979. The first half of the album was recorded in the studio, and the second half at the Montreux Jazz Festival on July 23, 1978. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. Title: Lay It Down (Al Green album) Passage: Lay It Down is the 29th studio album by American recording artist Al Green, released May 27, 2008, on Blue Note Records. The album was produced by Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson of The Roots and James Poyser. Four tracks feature guest artists, two with Anthony Hamilton, and one each with John Legend and Corinne Bailey Rae. "Lay It Down" is Green's first Top 10 Album since 1973, and, according to Metacritic, has received widespread acclaim from critics. "Stay With Me (By the Sea)" won Al Green and John Legend a Grammy award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group given in 2009. Title: Red and Black in Willisau Passage: Red and Black in Willisau is a live album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman and drummer Ed Blackwell featuring performances recorded at the Willisau Jazz Festival in 1980 for the Italian Black Saint label.	[ "Al Green Explores Your Mind", "Lay It Down (Al Green album)", "Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux", "On the Avenue (album)" ]
2hop__20771_69793	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The hurricane made its closest approach to St. Croix around 05: 00 UTC on September 20, passing within 20 mi (30 km) of the island; the storm's outer eyewall lashed the island while the more violent inner eye remained offshore. Hours later, around 08: 00 UTC, the outer eyewall struck Vieques, an island off the eastern coast of Puerto Rico. By this time, the outer eye became dominant as the inner one decayed, and the eyewall replacement cycle caused Maria to weaken to Category 4 strength. Maria made landfall just south of Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, around 10: 15 UTC with sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km / h), making it the strongest to hit the island since the 1928 San Felipe Segundo hurricane. Maria maintained a general west - northwest course across Puerto Rico, emerging over the Atlantic Ocean shortly before 18: 00 UTC. Interaction with the mountainous terrain resulted in substantial weakening; sustained winds fell to 110 mph (175 km / h) and the central pressure rose to 957 mbars (hPa; 28.26 inHg). With favorable environmental conditions, Maria steadily reorganized as it moved away from Puerto Rico. A large eye, 45 mi (75 km) wide, developed with deep convection blossoming around it. Early on September 21, the system regained Category 3 intensity.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico, and caused catastrophic damage and triggered a major humanitarian crisis in the latter. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide thus far in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma just two weeks prior. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Dust on the Bottle ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist David Lee Murphy. It was released in August 1995 as the fourth single from the album Out with a Bang. The song hit number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks in late 1995 and is Murphy's only number one hit. The song also hit number 9 on the Canadian Country charts.", "title": "Dust on the Bottle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of countries and territories with a flag that incorporates the Union Jack. Six Commonwealth nations have the Union Jack on their national flag. The first Commonwealth country to drop the Union Jack was Canada in 1965, after adopting a new national flag. The most recent country to drop the Union Jack from its flag was South Africa in 1994, after adopting a new national flag. The only overseas territory without the Union Jack on its current flag is Gibraltar.", "title": "List of countries and territories with the Union Jack displayed on their flag" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. Some countries used green in their flags to represent their country's lush vegetation, as in the flag of Jamaica, and hope in the future, as in the flags of Portugal and Nigeria. The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance.", "title": "Green" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guajataca Lake, or Lago Guajataca, is a reservoir created by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority in 1929. It is located between the municipalities of San Sebastián, Quebradillas, and Isabela in Puerto Rico. The dam at Guajataca Lake experienced a structural failure on September 22, 2017, due to the hit from Hurricane Maria. The river, Río Guajataca, also carries the name.", "title": "Guajataca Lake" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``American Pie ''is a song by American folk rock singer and songwriter Don McLean. Recorded and released on the American Pie album in 1971, the single was a number - one US hit for four weeks in 1972. In the UK, the single reached No. 2 on its original 1972 release and a reissue in 1991 reached No. 12. The song was listed as the No. 5 song on the RIAA project Songs of the Century. A truncated version of the song was covered by Madonna in 2000 and reached No. 1 in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia.", "title": "American Pie (song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Country Hits is an album by American country music artist George Jones. It was released in 1965 on the Musicor Records label.", "title": "New Country Hits" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originating from a tropical wave, Maria became a tropical storm on September 16, east of the Lesser Antilles. Highly favorable environmental conditions allowed the storm to undergo explosive intensification as it approached the island arc. The hurricane reached Category 5 strength on September 18 just before making landfall on Dominica, becoming the first Category 5 hurricane on record to strike the island. After weakening slightly due to crossing Dominica, Maria achieved its peak intensity over the eastern Caribbean with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km / h) and a pressure of 908 mbar (hPa; 26.81 inHg), making it the tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record. On September 20, an eyewall replacement cycle took place, weakening Maria to a high - end Category 4 hurricane by the time it struck Puerto Rico. Interaction with land further weakened the hurricane, though it regained some strength as it moved northeast of The Bahamas. Moving slowly to the north, Maria gradually degraded and weakened to a tropical storm on September 28. Embedded in the westerlies, Maria accelerated toward the east and later east - northeast over the open Atlantic, becoming extratropical on September 30 and dissipating by October 3.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Cape Verde - type hurricane, the strongest observed in the Atlantic in terms of maximum sustained winds since Wilma and the strongest storm on record to exist in the open Atlantic region. It was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Hurricane Maria two weeks later, and is the second - costliest Caribbean hurricane on record, after Maria. The ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, second major hurricane, and first Category 5 hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Irma caused widespread and catastrophic damage throughout its long lifetime, particularly in parts of the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense Atlantic hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year and the first category 4 hurricane to landfall in the state since Charley in 2004.", "title": "Hurricane Irma" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Mitch Victims National Monument is a national monument in Nicaragua. It is one of the 78 protected areas which are officially under protection in the country.", "title": "Hurricane Mitch Victims National Monument" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide of 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Two Sparrows in a Hurricane ''is a song written by Mark Alan Springer and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in September 1992 as the first single from the album Ca n't Run from Yourself. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages.", "title": "List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flag of Sint Maarten is the national flag of Sint Maarten, a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands occupying the southern half of the island of Saint Martin. The flag, designed by 17 year old Roselle Richardson, was officially adopted on 13 June 1985.", "title": "Flag of Sint Maarten" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that \"she had gone too far\" and that her career was over.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the ``flag of Zion ''.", "title": "Star of David" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes" } ]	Where did Hurricane Maria hit the country whose flag Madonna rubbed between her thighs, angering the public?	just south of Yabucoa	[ "Yabucoa, Puerto Rico", "Yabucoa" ]	Title: American Pie (song) Passage: ``American Pie ''is a song by American folk rock singer and songwriter Don McLean. Recorded and released on the American Pie album in 1971, the single was a number - one US hit for four weeks in 1972. In the UK, the single reached No. 2 on its original 1972 release and a reissue in 1991 reached No. 12. The song was listed as the No. 5 song on the RIAA project Songs of the Century. A truncated version of the song was covered by Madonna in 2000 and reached No. 1 in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record. Title: Jacksonville, Florida Passage: Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach. Title: List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present) Passage: August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages. Title: New Country Hits Passage: New Country Hits is an album by American country music artist George Jones. It was released in 1965 on the Musicor Records label. Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: The hurricane made its closest approach to St. Croix around 05: 00 UTC on September 20, passing within 20 mi (30 km) of the island; the storm's outer eyewall lashed the island while the more violent inner eye remained offshore. Hours later, around 08: 00 UTC, the outer eyewall struck Vieques, an island off the eastern coast of Puerto Rico. By this time, the outer eye became dominant as the inner one decayed, and the eyewall replacement cycle caused Maria to weaken to Category 4 strength. Maria made landfall just south of Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, around 10: 15 UTC with sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km / h), making it the strongest to hit the island since the 1928 San Felipe Segundo hurricane. Maria maintained a general west - northwest course across Puerto Rico, emerging over the Atlantic Ocean shortly before 18: 00 UTC. Interaction with the mountainous terrain resulted in substantial weakening; sustained winds fell to 110 mph (175 km / h) and the central pressure rose to 957 mbars (hPa; 28.26 inHg). With favorable environmental conditions, Maria steadily reorganized as it moved away from Puerto Rico. A large eye, 45 mi (75 km) wide, developed with deep convection blossoming around it. Early on September 21, the system regained Category 3 intensity. Title: Dust on the Bottle Passage: ``Dust on the Bottle ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist David Lee Murphy. It was released in August 1995 as the fourth single from the album Out with a Bang. The song hit number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks in late 1995 and is Murphy's only number one hit. The song also hit number 9 on the Canadian Country charts. Title: Hurricane Irma Passage: Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Cape Verde - type hurricane, the strongest observed in the Atlantic in terms of maximum sustained winds since Wilma and the strongest storm on record to exist in the open Atlantic region. It was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Hurricane Maria two weeks later, and is the second - costliest Caribbean hurricane on record, after Maria. The ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, second major hurricane, and first Category 5 hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Irma caused widespread and catastrophic damage throughout its long lifetime, particularly in parts of the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense Atlantic hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year and the first category 4 hurricane to landfall in the state since Charley in 2004. Title: List of Florida hurricanes Passage: The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons. Title: Two Sparrows in a Hurricane Passage: ``Two Sparrows in a Hurricane ''is a song written by Mark Alan Springer and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in September 1992 as the first single from the album Ca n't Run from Yourself. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico, and caused catastrophic damage and triggered a major humanitarian crisis in the latter. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide thus far in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma just two weeks prior. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda. Title: Flag of Sint Maarten Passage: The flag of Sint Maarten is the national flag of Sint Maarten, a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands occupying the southern half of the island of Saint Martin. The flag, designed by 17 year old Roselle Richardson, was officially adopted on 13 June 1985. Title: Green Passage: Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. Some countries used green in their flags to represent their country's lush vegetation, as in the flag of Jamaica, and hope in the future, as in the flags of Portugal and Nigeria. The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance. Title: Guajataca Lake Passage: Guajataca Lake, or Lago Guajataca, is a reservoir created by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority in 1929. It is located between the municipalities of San Sebastián, Quebradillas, and Isabela in Puerto Rico. The dam at Guajataca Lake experienced a structural failure on September 22, 2017, due to the hit from Hurricane Maria. The river, Río Guajataca, also carries the name. Title: Star of David Passage: The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the ``flag of Zion ''. Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide of 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda. Title: List of countries and territories with the Union Jack displayed on their flag Passage: This is a list of countries and territories with a flag that incorporates the Union Jack. Six Commonwealth nations have the Union Jack on their national flag. The first Commonwealth country to drop the Union Jack was Canada in 1965, after adopting a new national flag. The most recent country to drop the Union Jack from its flag was South Africa in 1994, after adopting a new national flag. The only overseas territory without the Union Jack on its current flag is Gibraltar. Title: Hurricane Mitch Victims National Monument Passage: Hurricane Mitch Victims National Monument is a national monument in Nicaragua. It is one of the 78 protected areas which are officially under protection in the country. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over. Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: Originating from a tropical wave, Maria became a tropical storm on September 16, east of the Lesser Antilles. Highly favorable environmental conditions allowed the storm to undergo explosive intensification as it approached the island arc. The hurricane reached Category 5 strength on September 18 just before making landfall on Dominica, becoming the first Category 5 hurricane on record to strike the island. After weakening slightly due to crossing Dominica, Maria achieved its peak intensity over the eastern Caribbean with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km / h) and a pressure of 908 mbar (hPa; 26.81 inHg), making it the tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record. On September 20, an eyewall replacement cycle took place, weakening Maria to a high - end Category 4 hurricane by the time it struck Puerto Rico. Interaction with land further weakened the hurricane, though it regained some strength as it moved northeast of The Bahamas. Moving slowly to the north, Maria gradually degraded and weakened to a tropical storm on September 28. Embedded in the westerlies, Maria accelerated toward the east and later east - northeast over the open Atlantic, becoming extratropical on September 30 and dissipating by October 3.	[ "Hurricane Maria", "Madonna (entertainer)" ]
2hop__554432_52448	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old. She auditioned for the role of the title character's best friend, but was called to audition for the lead role instead. Despite being denied the part at first because she was too ``young and small ''for the role, she was selected later as the lead because of her singing and acting abilities. The series premiered in March 2006 to the largest audience for a Disney Channel program, and quickly ranked among the highest - rated series on basic cable. The instant success of the series led to Cyrus being labeled a`` teen idol''. She toured with The Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006, performing songs from the show's first season. Walt Disney Records released a soundtrack credited to Cyrus' character in October of that year. The record was a commercial success, topping the Billboard 200 chart in the United States; it went on to sell over three million copies worldwide. With the release of the soundtrack, Cyrus became the first act within The Walt Disney Company to have deals in television, film, consumer products, and music. She had a two - year relationship with actor Tyler Posey. Cyrus has stated that she dated singer and actor Nick Jonas from June 2006 to December 2007, claiming they were ``in love ''and began dating soon after they first met. Her relationship with Jonas, as well as her`` spoofing'' fellow Disney alums Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato, attracted considerable media attention. Cyrus came out as pansexual to her mother when she was 14, and has said: ``I never want to label myself! I am ready to love anyone that loves me for who I am! I am open. ''", "title": "Miley Cyrus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Want You to Want Me... to Go to Florida ''features the ballad`` Ready, Set, Do n't Go'' by Billy Ray Cyrus. It details his feelings concerning his daughter Miley's move to Los Angeles to star in Hannah Montana, while he stayed behind in Nashville. The episode also features the song ``If Cupid Had a Heart '', by Julie Griffin, and written by Gordon Pogoda. Mikayla (Selena Gomez), lip - syncs it in the episode. A soundtrack for the season featuring 10 songs sung by Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana was released on June 26, 2007.", "title": "Hannah Montana (season 2)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert is a 2008 American concert film produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures presented in Disney Digital 3-D. Released in the United States and Canada originally for one week, February 1–7, 2008, with release in other countries later on. The film is directed by Brice Smith and produced by Art Repola.", "title": "Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994) is an American actress and model. She rose to prominence at age seven for her performance as Lucy Dawson in the drama film I Am Sam (2001), for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award at age eight, making her the youngest nominee in history. Thereafter, Fanning received additional recognition for appearances in the films Uptown Girls (2003), The Cat in the Hat (2003), Man on Fire (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Dreamer (2005), and Charlotte's Web (2006).", "title": "Dakota Fanning" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Achy Jakey Heart\" is a two-part episode of the television series \"Hannah Montana\". Both parts aired on June 24, 2007. The title \"Achy Jakey Heart\" is inspired by cast member Billy Ray Cyrus's song \"Achy Breaky Heart\".", "title": "Achy Jakey Heart" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994) is an American actress and model. She rose to prominence at the age of seven for her performance as Lucy Dawson in the drama film I Am Sam (2001), for which she received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination at age eight, making her the youngest nominee in SAG history. Fanning played major roles in the films Uptown Girls (2003), The Cat in the Hat (2003), Man on Fire (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Dreamer (2005) and Charlotte's Web (2006).", "title": "Dakota Fanning" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The theme song for Hannah Montana is \"The Best of Both Worlds\" written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, produced by Gerrard and performed by Miley Cyrus (as Hannah Montana). John Carta, who also composed the music cues to signify scene changes and commercial breaks for the first season, composed the music for the song. The song's lyrics describe the basic premise of the television series.", "title": "Hannah Montana" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Montana, also known as Hannah Montana Forever in its fourth and final season, is an American musical comedy television series created by Michael Poryes, Rich Correll, and Barry O'Brien. It focuses on Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), who is a teenager living a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and as the famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night, which she keeps secret and only a few people know of her alter ego. The story follows the daily life of Stewart, her brother Jackson, her best friends Lily and Oliver, and her father Robby (Cyrus's real-life country singer father, Billy Ray Cyrus).", "title": "Hannah Montana" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayley Chase is an American actress, known for her many dramatic and comedic guest starring roles on television as well as her recurring role as Joannie Palumbo on \"Hannah Montana\". She has starred in numerous television ads such as Yoplait and AT&T.", "title": "Hayley Chase" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mitchel Tate Musso (born July 9, 1991) is an American actor, musician, and singer, best known for his three Disney Channel roles as Oliver Oken/Mike Standley III in \"Hannah Montana\"; Jeremy Johnson in the animated series \"Phineas and Ferb\"; and his Disney XD role as King Brady on \"Pair of Kings\". He was the host of Disney Channel's \"PrankStars\".", "title": "Mitchel Musso" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Hoedown Throwdown\" is a song performed by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single from the for \"\". It was then released via iTunes Store on March 10, 2009 as a Radio Disney exclusive that had an interview as a B-side. A karaoke version is available in . \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is an instructional dance song with a hybrid of country and hip hop. The choreography was designed by Jamal Sims and incorporates line dance influences.", "title": "Hoedown Throwdown" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson: Jack & Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin & Randall's sister. Also played by Hannah Zeile (age 15) and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8 -- 10).", "title": "This Is Us" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Montana Forever is the soundtrack album for the fourth and final season of the television series \"Hannah Montana\", released on October 15, 2010 by Walt Disney Records. All eleven tracks are performed by its primary actress Miley Cyrus, and are credited to her character Hannah Montana. Recording artists Billy Ray Cyrus, Iyaz, and Sheryl Crow appear as featured vocalists. The soundtrack is primarily a pop record, which sees additional influences from teen pop, pop rock, power pop, dance-pop, and country pop musical styles.", "title": "Hannah Montana Forever" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song was later re-recorded in 2009 as a duet with fellow Disney Channel actor Corbin Bleu for the Hannah Montana 3 soundtrack album.", "title": "If We Were a Movie" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'll Always Remember You ''is the ninth episode of the fourth season, and 94th overall episode, of the Disney Channel sitcom series Hannah Montana. It was written by Andrew Green and Maria Brown - Gallenberg. It originally aired on November 7, 2010. The episode title is a reference to the Hannah Montana song`` I'll Always Remember You''. The one - hour episode is notable for being the first time Miley Stewart admits her secret to the world that she is Hannah Montana.", "title": "I'll Always Remember You" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Breakout is the second studio album by American recording artist Miley Cyrus, released on July 22, 2008 by Hollywood Records. It is her first record that is not affiliated with the television series \"Hannah Montana\", in which Cyrus portrays the title character Hannah Montana. She co-wrote eight of its thirteen tracks, several of which with the assistance of Antonina Armato and Tim James. The majority of the record was composed as she traveled during her headlining Best of Both Worlds Tour (2007–08). Overall, \"Breakout\" is dominant on pop rock but explores a variety of other musical genres. Lyrical themes addressed in the album relate to breakups and coming of age. An international version was reissued on September 1, 2008.", "title": "Breakout (Miley Cyrus album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Montana, also known as Hannah Montana Forever in its fourth and final season, is an American musical comedy television series created by Michael Poryes, Rich Correll, and Barry O'Brien. It focuses on Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), who is a teenager living a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and as the famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night. The story follows the daily life of Stewart, her brother, and her friends while also starring Cyrus's country singer father Billy Ray Cyrus as her dad.", "title": "Hannah Montana" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hannah Montana, also known as Hannah Montana Forever in its fourth and final season, is an American musical comedy television series created by Michael Poryes, Rich Correll, and Barry O'Brien. It focuses on Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), who is a teenager living a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and as the famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night, which she keeps secret and only a few people know of her alter ego. The story follows the daily life of Stewart, her brother Jackson, her best friends Lily and Oliver, and her father Robby (Cyrus's real - life country singer father, Billy Ray Cyrus).", "title": "Hannah Montana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Wanna Know You\" is a duet by Hannah Montana and David Archuleta from the album \"Hannah Montana 3\". The song was first released on Radio Disney, May 2, 2009. The song was not released until its release with the album, \"Hannah Montana 3\" and it was not until post-release that the song garnered success in the United States.", "title": "I Wanna Know You" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Míriam Colón (born Míriam Colón Valle; August 20, 1936 -- March 3, 2017) was a Puerto Rican actress. Colón was the founder and director of the Puerto Rican Traveling Theater in New York City. Beginning her career in the early 1950s, Colón started performing on Broadway; later moving into television. Known for appearances on various television shows from 1960s through the 2010s, Colón was perhaps best known for her role as Mama Montana in the 1983 crime film Scarface. In 2014, Colón received the National Medal of Arts from President Barack Obama. Colón died of complications from a pulmonary infection on March 3, 2017 at age 80.", "title": "Míriam Colón" } ]	What age did the performer of Hoedown Throwdown start Hannah Montana?	eleven years old	[]	Title: Hannah Montana (season 2) Passage: ``I Want You to Want Me... to Go to Florida ''features the ballad`` Ready, Set, Do n't Go'' by Billy Ray Cyrus. It details his feelings concerning his daughter Miley's move to Los Angeles to star in Hannah Montana, while he stayed behind in Nashville. The episode also features the song ``If Cupid Had a Heart '', by Julie Griffin, and written by Gordon Pogoda. Mikayla (Selena Gomez), lip - syncs it in the episode. A soundtrack for the season featuring 10 songs sung by Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana was released on June 26, 2007. Title: Hannah Montana Forever Passage: Hannah Montana Forever is the soundtrack album for the fourth and final season of the television series "Hannah Montana", released on October 15, 2010 by Walt Disney Records. All eleven tracks are performed by its primary actress Miley Cyrus, and are credited to her character Hannah Montana. Recording artists Billy Ray Cyrus, Iyaz, and Sheryl Crow appear as featured vocalists. The soundtrack is primarily a pop record, which sees additional influences from teen pop, pop rock, power pop, dance-pop, and country pop musical styles. Title: Miley Cyrus Passage: Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old. She auditioned for the role of the title character's best friend, but was called to audition for the lead role instead. Despite being denied the part at first because she was too ``young and small ''for the role, she was selected later as the lead because of her singing and acting abilities. The series premiered in March 2006 to the largest audience for a Disney Channel program, and quickly ranked among the highest - rated series on basic cable. The instant success of the series led to Cyrus being labeled a`` teen idol''. She toured with The Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006, performing songs from the show's first season. Walt Disney Records released a soundtrack credited to Cyrus' character in October of that year. The record was a commercial success, topping the Billboard 200 chart in the United States; it went on to sell over three million copies worldwide. With the release of the soundtrack, Cyrus became the first act within The Walt Disney Company to have deals in television, film, consumer products, and music. She had a two - year relationship with actor Tyler Posey. Cyrus has stated that she dated singer and actor Nick Jonas from June 2006 to December 2007, claiming they were ``in love ''and began dating soon after they first met. Her relationship with Jonas, as well as her`` spoofing'' fellow Disney alums Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato, attracted considerable media attention. Cyrus came out as pansexual to her mother when she was 14, and has said: ``I never want to label myself! I am ready to love anyone that loves me for who I am! I am open. '' Title: Hannah Montana Passage: Hannah Montana, also known as Hannah Montana Forever in its fourth and final season, is an American musical comedy television series created by Michael Poryes, Rich Correll, and Barry O'Brien. It focuses on Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), who is a teenager living a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and as the famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night, which she keeps secret and only a few people know of her alter ego. The story follows the daily life of Stewart, her brother Jackson, her best friends Lily and Oliver, and her father Robby (Cyrus's real - life country singer father, Billy Ray Cyrus). Title: Hannah Montana Passage: Hannah Montana, also known as Hannah Montana Forever in its fourth and final season, is an American musical comedy television series created by Michael Poryes, Rich Correll, and Barry O'Brien. It focuses on Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), who is a teenager living a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and as the famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night. The story follows the daily life of Stewart, her brother, and her friends while also starring Cyrus's country singer father Billy Ray Cyrus as her dad. Title: This Is Us Passage: Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson: Jack & Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin & Randall's sister. Also played by Hannah Zeile (age 15) and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8 -- 10). Title: If We Were a Movie Passage: The song was later re-recorded in 2009 as a duet with fellow Disney Channel actor Corbin Bleu for the Hannah Montana 3 soundtrack album. Title: Hannah Montana Passage: Hannah Montana, also known as Hannah Montana Forever in its fourth and final season, is an American musical comedy television series created by Michael Poryes, Rich Correll, and Barry O'Brien. It focuses on Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), who is a teenager living a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and as the famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night, which she keeps secret and only a few people know of her alter ego. The story follows the daily life of Stewart, her brother Jackson, her best friends Lily and Oliver, and her father Robby (Cyrus's real-life country singer father, Billy Ray Cyrus). Title: Hoedown Throwdown Passage: "Hoedown Throwdown" is a song performed by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single from the for "". It was then released via iTunes Store on March 10, 2009 as a Radio Disney exclusive that had an interview as a B-side. A karaoke version is available in . "Hoedown Throwdown" is an instructional dance song with a hybrid of country and hip hop. The choreography was designed by Jamal Sims and incorporates line dance influences. Title: Míriam Colón Passage: Míriam Colón (born Míriam Colón Valle; August 20, 1936 -- March 3, 2017) was a Puerto Rican actress. Colón was the founder and director of the Puerto Rican Traveling Theater in New York City. Beginning her career in the early 1950s, Colón started performing on Broadway; later moving into television. Known for appearances on various television shows from 1960s through the 2010s, Colón was perhaps best known for her role as Mama Montana in the 1983 crime film Scarface. In 2014, Colón received the National Medal of Arts from President Barack Obama. Colón died of complications from a pulmonary infection on March 3, 2017 at age 80. Title: Hannah Montana Passage: The theme song for Hannah Montana is "The Best of Both Worlds" written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, produced by Gerrard and performed by Miley Cyrus (as Hannah Montana). John Carta, who also composed the music cues to signify scene changes and commercial breaks for the first season, composed the music for the song. The song's lyrics describe the basic premise of the television series. Title: Achy Jakey Heart Passage: "Achy Jakey Heart" is a two-part episode of the television series "Hannah Montana". Both parts aired on June 24, 2007. The title "Achy Jakey Heart" is inspired by cast member Billy Ray Cyrus's song "Achy Breaky Heart". Title: Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert Passage: Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert is a 2008 American concert film produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures presented in Disney Digital 3-D. Released in the United States and Canada originally for one week, February 1–7, 2008, with release in other countries later on. The film is directed by Brice Smith and produced by Art Repola. Title: I'll Always Remember You Passage: ``I'll Always Remember You ''is the ninth episode of the fourth season, and 94th overall episode, of the Disney Channel sitcom series Hannah Montana. It was written by Andrew Green and Maria Brown - Gallenberg. It originally aired on November 7, 2010. The episode title is a reference to the Hannah Montana song`` I'll Always Remember You''. The one - hour episode is notable for being the first time Miley Stewart admits her secret to the world that she is Hannah Montana. Title: Dakota Fanning Passage: Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994) is an American actress and model. She rose to prominence at age seven for her performance as Lucy Dawson in the drama film I Am Sam (2001), for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award at age eight, making her the youngest nominee in history. Thereafter, Fanning received additional recognition for appearances in the films Uptown Girls (2003), The Cat in the Hat (2003), Man on Fire (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Dreamer (2005), and Charlotte's Web (2006). Title: Hayley Chase Passage: Hayley Chase is an American actress, known for her many dramatic and comedic guest starring roles on television as well as her recurring role as Joannie Palumbo on "Hannah Montana". She has starred in numerous television ads such as Yoplait and AT&T. Title: Dakota Fanning Passage: Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994) is an American actress and model. She rose to prominence at the age of seven for her performance as Lucy Dawson in the drama film I Am Sam (2001), for which she received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination at age eight, making her the youngest nominee in SAG history. Fanning played major roles in the films Uptown Girls (2003), The Cat in the Hat (2003), Man on Fire (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Dreamer (2005) and Charlotte's Web (2006). Title: Breakout (Miley Cyrus album) Passage: Breakout is the second studio album by American recording artist Miley Cyrus, released on July 22, 2008 by Hollywood Records. It is her first record that is not affiliated with the television series "Hannah Montana", in which Cyrus portrays the title character Hannah Montana. She co-wrote eight of its thirteen tracks, several of which with the assistance of Antonina Armato and Tim James. The majority of the record was composed as she traveled during her headlining Best of Both Worlds Tour (2007–08). Overall, "Breakout" is dominant on pop rock but explores a variety of other musical genres. Lyrical themes addressed in the album relate to breakups and coming of age. An international version was reissued on September 1, 2008. Title: Mitchel Musso Passage: Mitchel Tate Musso (born July 9, 1991) is an American actor, musician, and singer, best known for his three Disney Channel roles as Oliver Oken/Mike Standley III in "Hannah Montana"; Jeremy Johnson in the animated series "Phineas and Ferb"; and his Disney XD role as King Brady on "Pair of Kings". He was the host of Disney Channel's "PrankStars". Title: I Wanna Know You Passage: "I Wanna Know You" is a duet by Hannah Montana and David Archuleta from the album "Hannah Montana 3". The song was first released on Radio Disney, May 2, 2009. The song was not released until its release with the album, "Hannah Montana 3" and it was not until post-release that the song garnered success in the United States.	[ "Miley Cyrus", "Hoedown Throwdown" ]
3hop1__576659_20680_21115	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desportivo Militar 6 de Setembro (Portuguese meaning September 6 in which the date is founded) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the village of Santana island of São Tomé. The club is the country's only military football club. The team is one of the few teams to claim presently only one island and national title, the club also has two island and national cup wins.", "title": "6 de Setembro" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries.", "title": "All You Need Is Love" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.", "title": "England" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die) ''is a song written by Kerry Kurt Phillips, Howard Perdew and Rick Blaylock, and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. It was released in July 1993 as the second single from his CD Honky Tonk Attitude. It peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "title": "Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Immigration to Israel during the late 1940s and early 1950s was aided by the Israeli Immigration Department and the non-government sponsored Mossad LeAliyah Bet (\"Institution for Illegal Immigration\"). Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation, but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries, particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult. Mossad LeAliyah Bet continued to take part in immigration efforts until its disbanding in 1953. An influx of Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab and Muslim lands immigrated to Israel during the first 3 years and the number of Jews increased from 700,000 to 1,400,000, many of whom faced persecution in their original countries. The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fox Island is one of the Falkland Islands. It is near West Falkland, to its west, near Spring Point and Dunnose Head in Queen Charlotte Bay.", "title": "Fox Island, Falkland Islands" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ezio Gamba (born 2 December 1958, in Brescia) is a retired judoka from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics (1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988). He claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) in 1980 by defeating Great Britain's Neil Adams.", "title": "Ezio Gamba" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents.", "title": "MP3" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mi Corazoncito\" () is Aventura's second single from their second live album \"K.O.B. Live\". The song reached big recognition in many Spanish-speaking countries and reached number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks chart.", "title": "Mi Corazoncito" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Lay Down Beside Me\" is a song written by American country music artist Don Williams. It was first recorded by Kenny Rogers on his 1977 self-titled album.", "title": "Lay Down Beside Me" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice. The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.[citation needed]", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan, a Seychelles giant tortoise living on the island of Saint Helena, is reported to be about 184 years old, and may, therefore, be the oldest currently living terrestrial animal if the claim is true.", "title": "List of longest-living organisms" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" } ]	How many Jews live in the country besides Britain that claims the country Fox island is located?	180,000-300,000	[]	Title: MP3 Passage: Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents. Title: Lay Down Beside Me Passage: "Lay Down Beside Me" is a song written by American country music artist Don Williams. It was first recorded by Kenny Rogers on his 1977 self-titled album. Title: Southeast Asia Passage: Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam. Title: All You Need Is Love Passage: ``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries. Title: Jews Passage: More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population. Title: British Empire Passage: Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths. Title: Mi Corazoncito Passage: "Mi Corazoncito" () is Aventura's second single from their second live album "K.O.B. Live". The song reached big recognition in many Spanish-speaking countries and reached number two on the "Billboard" Hot Latin Tracks chart. Title: 6 de Setembro Passage: Desportivo Militar 6 de Setembro (Portuguese meaning September 6 in which the date is founded) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the village of Santana island of São Tomé. The club is the country's only military football club. The team is one of the few teams to claim presently only one island and national title, the club also has two island and national cup wins. Title: Ezio Gamba Passage: Ezio Gamba (born 2 December 1958, in Brescia) is a retired judoka from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics (1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988). He claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) in 1980 by defeating Great Britain's Neil Adams. Title: Fox Island, Falkland Islands Passage: Fox Island is one of the Falkland Islands. It is near West Falkland, to its west, near Spring Point and Dunnose Head in Queen Charlotte Bay. Title: Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die) Passage: ``Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die) ''is a song written by Kerry Kurt Phillips, Howard Perdew and Rick Blaylock, and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. It was released in July 1993 as the second single from his CD Honky Tonk Attitude. It peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. Title: England Passage: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. Title: Jews Passage: Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice. The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.[citation needed] Title: List of island countries Passage: This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands. Title: Israel Passage: In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas. Title: Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton Passage: The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine. Title: List of longest-living organisms Passage: Jonathan, a Seychelles giant tortoise living on the island of Saint Helena, is reported to be about 184 years old, and may, therefore, be the oldest currently living terrestrial animal if the claim is true. Title: Saint Helena Passage: The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena. Title: Israel Passage: Immigration to Israel during the late 1940s and early 1950s was aided by the Israeli Immigration Department and the non-government sponsored Mossad LeAliyah Bet ("Institution for Illegal Immigration"). Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation, but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries, particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult. Mossad LeAliyah Bet continued to take part in immigration efforts until its disbanding in 1953. An influx of Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab and Muslim lands immigrated to Israel during the first 3 years and the number of Jews increased from 700,000 to 1,400,000, many of whom faced persecution in their original countries. The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan.	[ "Fox Island, Falkland Islands", "British Empire", "Jews" ]
3hop1__609239_861630_87032	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sandy City Bank, at 212 E. Main St. in Sandy, Utah, was built in 1907. It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Italian Renaissance architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.", "title": "Sandy City Bank" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.", "title": "Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil is a live album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy recorded at Sweet Basil in New York City in 1987 and released on the Japanese Paddle Wheel label.", "title": "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Sandy is a census-designated place (CDP) located in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population is 168. The town's name comes from the Big Sandy River, a major tributary of the Ohio River which forms the boundary between West Virginia and Kentucky.", "title": "Big Sandy, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)\" is a song written and originally recorded by Billy Joel which appeared as the final song on his album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. Several live performances of the song have been released. He performed this song at benefit concerts: The Concert for New York City for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001, on the television program \"\" for Hurricane Sandy victims in 2012 and during his set at \"\". Joel has often tweaked the lyrics to the song at his live concerts, particularly at the \"Live at Shea\" and \"Coming Together\" concerts. On New Year's Eve, 2016, Joel performed at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, a city just north of Miami Dade County. At midnight, he crooned the traditional Auld Lang Syne and then immediately went into \"Miami 2017\". On the January 9, 2017 episode of \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", Billy Joel performed the song with Stay Human, the show's house band.", "title": "Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Sandy exited Cuba, the structure became disorganized, and it turned to the north - northwest over the Bahamas. By October 27, Sandy was no longer fully tropical, and despite strong shear, it maintained convection due to influence from an approaching trough; the same trough turned the hurricane to the northeast. After briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane, and on October 28 an eye began redeveloping. The storm moved around an upper - level low over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over Atlantic Canada, turning it to the northwest. Sandy briefly re-intensified to Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around which time it had a wind diameter of over 1,150 miles (1,850 km), and a central pressure of 943 mb, which set records for many cities across the Northeastern United States for the lowest pressures ever observed. The convection diminished while the hurricane accelerated toward the New Jersey coast, and the hurricane was no longer tropical by 2100 UTC on October 29. About 2 / hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey, with winds of 80 mph (130 km / h). During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada on November 2.", "title": "Hurricane Sandy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "October 29 -- 30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.", "title": "List of Canada hurricanes" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marionetas en la cuerda – Sandie Shaw canta en Español is a Spanish-language album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. It is a compilation of her recordings in this language, featuring Spanish versions of many of her hits.", "title": "Marionetas En La Cuerda – Sandie Shaw Canta En Español" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Sandy Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Satellite image of Sandy at 4: 15 p.m. EDT on October 29 as it was about to make landfall on the Jersey Shore Formed October 28, 2012 (First rainbands begin to affect New Jersey) Dissipated November 2, 2012 (Dissipated as extratropical cyclone) (Extratropical after October 29) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km / h) Highest gust Gusts: 100 mph (155 km / h) Lowest pressure 945 mbar (hPa); 27.91 inHg Fatalities 53 total Damage $32 billion (2012 USD) (Estimated damage total) Areas affected New York, especially the New York metropolitan area Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Part of a series on Hurricane Sandy General Meteorological history Impact Greater Antilles United States Maryland and Washington, D.C. New Jersey New York New England Canada Other wikis Commons: Sandy images Wikinews: Sandy stories", "title": "Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable.", "title": "1921 Tampa Bay hurricane" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White City is a township and census-designated place in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The township is an enclave of the City of Sandy. The population was 5,407 at the 2010 census,", "title": "White City, Utah" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Update is an album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron released on the Italian Soul Note label in 1987. It features solo performances recorded in Milan, Italy.", "title": "Update (Mal Waldron album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bikini Barbershop (Also known as Bikini Barbershop: Jersey) is an American reality show on AXS TV featuring Jeff Wulkan, a man who runs a hair salon/barber shop in Long Branch, New Jersey called \"Bikini Barbers\". It mainly consists of female hair stylists, at work, wearing only bikinis. Following Hurricane Sandy, a drop in business forced the closure of the shop.", "title": "Bikini Barbershop" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages.", "title": "List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)" } ]	When did Hurricane Sandy hit the city where Update's performer was born?	October 28, 2012	[]	Title: Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania Passage: Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois. Title: The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil Passage: The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil is a live album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy recorded at Sweet Basil in New York City in 1987 and released on the Japanese Paddle Wheel label. Title: Update (Mal Waldron album) Passage: Update is an album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron released on the Italian Soul Note label in 1987. It features solo performances recorded in Milan, Italy. Title: White City, Utah Passage: White City is a township and census-designated place in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The township is an enclave of the City of Sandy. The population was 5,407 at the 2010 census, Title: Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York Passage: Hurricane Sandy Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Satellite image of Sandy at 4: 15 p.m. EDT on October 29 as it was about to make landfall on the Jersey Shore Formed October 28, 2012 (First rainbands begin to affect New Jersey) Dissipated November 2, 2012 (Dissipated as extratropical cyclone) (Extratropical after October 29) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km / h) Highest gust Gusts: 100 mph (155 km / h) Lowest pressure 945 mbar (hPa); 27.91 inHg Fatalities 53 total Damage $32 billion (2012 USD) (Estimated damage total) Areas affected New York, especially the New York metropolitan area Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Part of a series on Hurricane Sandy General Meteorological history Impact Greater Antilles United States Maryland and Washington, D.C. New Jersey New York New England Canada Other wikis Commons: Sandy images Wikinews: Sandy stories Title: Marionetas En La Cuerda – Sandie Shaw Canta En Español Passage: Marionetas en la cuerda – Sandie Shaw canta en Español is a Spanish-language album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. It is a compilation of her recordings in this language, featuring Spanish versions of many of her hits. Title: Beyoncé Passage: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy. Title: List of Florida hurricanes Passage: The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons. Title: 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane Passage: The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable. Title: List of Canada hurricanes Passage: October 29 -- 30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes. Title: List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present) Passage: August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C). Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record. Title: Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway) Passage: "Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)" is a song written and originally recorded by Billy Joel which appeared as the final song on his album "Turnstiles" in 1976. Several live performances of the song have been released. He performed this song at benefit concerts: The Concert for New York City for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001, on the television program "" for Hurricane Sandy victims in 2012 and during his set at "". Joel has often tweaked the lyrics to the song at his live concerts, particularly at the "Live at Shea" and "Coming Together" concerts. On New Year's Eve, 2016, Joel performed at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, a city just north of Miami Dade County. At midnight, he crooned the traditional Auld Lang Syne and then immediately went into "Miami 2017". On the January 9, 2017 episode of "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", Billy Joel performed the song with Stay Human, the show's house band. Title: Bikini Barbershop Passage: Bikini Barbershop (Also known as Bikini Barbershop: Jersey) is an American reality show on AXS TV featuring Jeff Wulkan, a man who runs a hair salon/barber shop in Long Branch, New Jersey called "Bikini Barbers". It mainly consists of female hair stylists, at work, wearing only bikinis. Following Hurricane Sandy, a drop in business forced the closure of the shop. Title: Sandy Lake, Minnesota Passage: Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is "Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag", meaning "Place of the Sandy-shored Lake". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake. Title: Hurricane Sandy Passage: After Sandy exited Cuba, the structure became disorganized, and it turned to the north - northwest over the Bahamas. By October 27, Sandy was no longer fully tropical, and despite strong shear, it maintained convection due to influence from an approaching trough; the same trough turned the hurricane to the northeast. After briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane, and on October 28 an eye began redeveloping. The storm moved around an upper - level low over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over Atlantic Canada, turning it to the northwest. Sandy briefly re-intensified to Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around which time it had a wind diameter of over 1,150 miles (1,850 km), and a central pressure of 943 mb, which set records for many cities across the Northeastern United States for the lowest pressures ever observed. The convection diminished while the hurricane accelerated toward the New Jersey coast, and the hurricane was no longer tropical by 2100 UTC on October 29. About 2 / hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey, with winds of 80 mph (130 km / h). During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada on November 2. Title: Sandy City Bank Passage: The Sandy City Bank, at 212 E. Main St. in Sandy, Utah, was built in 1907. It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Italian Renaissance architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Title: Big Sandy, West Virginia Passage: Big Sandy is a census-designated place (CDP) located in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population is 168. The town's name comes from the Big Sandy River, a major tributary of the Ohio River which forms the boundary between West Virginia and Kentucky. Title: List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present) Passage: September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.	[ "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil", "Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York", "Update (Mal Waldron album)" ]
2hop__169038_86840	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roshd Biological Education is a quarterly science educational magazine covering recent developments in biology and biology education for a biology teacher Persian -speaking audience. Founded in 1985, it is published by The Teaching Aids Publication Bureau, Organization for Educational Planning and Research, Ministry of Education, Iran. Roshd Biological Education has an editorial board composed of Iranian biologists, experts in biology education, science journalists and biology teachers.", "title": "Roshd Biological Education" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1893, John Henry Comstock and Simon Henry Gage founded the Comstock Publishing Company in order to make textbooks on microscopy, histology, and entomology available at a reasonable price to students and to publish the works of Anna Botsford Comstock on nature study.", "title": "John Henry Comstock" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Bridger Proctor KBE (1870 - 3 December 1940) was Director of Meat Supplies, Ministry of Food, 1919–21. He was knighted in 1920. He was educated at St Paul's School. He married Nellie Eliza Shaul in 1897; they had one daughter and a son.", "title": "Philip Bridger Proctor" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Simon Mazer ( – ), was an American and later Taiwanese conductor, recording artist and music educator who was the founding principal conductor and music director of Taipei Philharmonic Orchestra from 1985 until suffering a stroke in February 2001. Prior to his move to Taiwan, he was the conductor and associate conductor of major American symphonies including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He contributed greatly to the refinement of the performances of classical music in Taiwan, leading local musicians to gain recognition overseas. There is a cultural center dedicated to him in Taipei.", "title": "Henry Mazer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Royal Conservatory of Music, branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a music education business and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter.", "title": "The Royal Conservatory of Music" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simon Lenski is a cello player from Antwerp, Belgium. His main activity lies within the band DAAU which he co-founded in 1992.", "title": "Simon Lenski" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Proctor graduated from the Royal Academy of Music where he gained the GRSM degree, LRAM diploma in piano and several prizes for composition, orchestration and piano.", "title": "Simon Proctor" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Binet (French: (binɛ); July 8, 1857 -- October 18, 1911) was a French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet -- Simon test. In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked psychologist Alfred Binet to devise a method that would determine which students did not learn effectively from regular classroom instruction so they could be given remedial work. Along with his collaborator Théodore Simon, Binet published revisions of his test in 1908 and 1911, the last of which appeared just before his death.", "title": "Alfred Binet" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter is given custody of Simon when Lucy died from ovarian cancer in October 2008 and they move in Peter's father, Ken Barlow (William Roache), his wife Deirdre Barlow (Anne Kirkbride) and her mother Blanche Hunt (Maggie Jones). Peter, at first reluctant to take an active role in raising Simon, changes his mind when he found out that Lucy had left her estate to him, on the condition that he raises Simon. Peter buys the local bookmaker's shop and moves in there, with Simon. Peter's drinking problem becomes evident when he comes to Simon's Nativity play, drunk and has a row with teaching staff in December 2008. Simon stays with Ken, Deirdre and Blanche until Peter agrees to stop drinking, but in March 2009, Peter passes out with a lit cigarette in his hand, and the flat caught fire. Luke Strong (Craig Kelly) and Tony Gordon (Gray O'Brien) break the door down, after Deirdre alerts them as Simon had telephoned her before he passed out due to smoke inhalation. Peter and Simon are rushed to hospital and made a full recovery. Peter vows once more to give up alcohol.", "title": "Simon Barlow" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simon Simonian (, , Ayntab - March 11, 1986, Beirut) was an Armenian intellectual who founded the literary and social Armenian periodical \"Spurk\" (Սփիւռք in Armenian).", "title": "Simon Simonian" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simon Henig was born in June 1969, the son of the former Labour MP and Lancaster council leader Stanley Henig, and the historian Ruth Henig. Simon's grandfather, Sir Mark Henig, served as Lord Mayor of Leicester and led the English Tourist Board. He was educated at Moorside Primary School, Lancaster, Lancaster Royal Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford.", "title": "Simon Henig" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Proctor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Adair County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 231 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Proctor, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle.", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Proctor is an unincorporated community located in Comanche County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 220 in 2000.", "title": "Proctor, Texas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shinelle Proctor (born 27 June 1991) is an Anguillan sprinter. She competed in the 60 metres event at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships. Her older sister is the Anguillan long-jumper Shara Proctor.", "title": "Shinelle Proctor" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lionel Proctor (born 27 November 1979) is an indigenous former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL) between 1998 and 2001 for the Richmond Football Club.", "title": "Lionel Proctor" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Proctor (born 16 July 1949) is a retired field hockey player from Australia, who was a member of the Australia national field hockey team that won the silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada.", "title": "Robert Proctor (field hockey)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Proctor is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,741 at the 2010 census. Proctor is home to the Vermont Marble Museum and Wilson Castle.", "title": "Proctor, Vermont" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Proctor's father Albert was a master baker. Harvey Proctor himself was born in Pontefract in Yorkshire, going to the Scarborough High School for Boys and then the University of York where he read History. He had joined the Young Conservatives at the age of 14 in 1961, and was chairman of York University Conservative Association from 1967 to 1969. In the summer of 1967, while chairman-elect of the association, he was invited to produce a number of half-hour political programmes for broadcast on offshore Radio 270, which included interviews with MPs John Biggs-Davison and Patrick Wall.", "title": "Harvey Proctor" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education Finance and Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal addressing public policy developments affecting educational institutions. Topics covered by the journal include school accountability, education standards, teacher compensation, instructional policy, higher education productivity and finance, and special education. \"Education Finance and Policy\" was founded in 2005 and is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press and the American Education Finance Association. It is also indexed with EconLit.", "title": "Education Finance and Policy" } ]	Who founded the institution where Simon Proctor was educated?	Edward Fisher	[]	Title: Harvey Proctor Passage: Proctor's father Albert was a master baker. Harvey Proctor himself was born in Pontefract in Yorkshire, going to the Scarborough High School for Boys and then the University of York where he read History. He had joined the Young Conservatives at the age of 14 in 1961, and was chairman of York University Conservative Association from 1967 to 1969. In the summer of 1967, while chairman-elect of the association, he was invited to produce a number of half-hour political programmes for broadcast on offshore Radio 270, which included interviews with MPs John Biggs-Davison and Patrick Wall. Title: Simon Barlow Passage: Peter is given custody of Simon when Lucy died from ovarian cancer in October 2008 and they move in Peter's father, Ken Barlow (William Roache), his wife Deirdre Barlow (Anne Kirkbride) and her mother Blanche Hunt (Maggie Jones). Peter, at first reluctant to take an active role in raising Simon, changes his mind when he found out that Lucy had left her estate to him, on the condition that he raises Simon. Peter buys the local bookmaker's shop and moves in there, with Simon. Peter's drinking problem becomes evident when he comes to Simon's Nativity play, drunk and has a row with teaching staff in December 2008. Simon stays with Ken, Deirdre and Blanche until Peter agrees to stop drinking, but in March 2009, Peter passes out with a lit cigarette in his hand, and the flat caught fire. Luke Strong (Craig Kelly) and Tony Gordon (Gray O'Brien) break the door down, after Deirdre alerts them as Simon had telephoned her before he passed out due to smoke inhalation. Peter and Simon are rushed to hospital and made a full recovery. Peter vows once more to give up alcohol. Title: Henry Mazer Passage: Henry Simon Mazer ( – ), was an American and later Taiwanese conductor, recording artist and music educator who was the founding principal conductor and music director of Taipei Philharmonic Orchestra from 1985 until suffering a stroke in February 2001. Prior to his move to Taiwan, he was the conductor and associate conductor of major American symphonies including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He contributed greatly to the refinement of the performances of classical music in Taiwan, leading local musicians to gain recognition overseas. There is a cultural center dedicated to him in Taipei. Title: Simon Henig Passage: Simon Henig was born in June 1969, the son of the former Labour MP and Lancaster council leader Stanley Henig, and the historian Ruth Henig. Simon's grandfather, Sir Mark Henig, served as Lord Mayor of Leicester and led the English Tourist Board. He was educated at Moorside Primary School, Lancaster, Lancaster Royal Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford. Title: John Henry Comstock Passage: In 1893, John Henry Comstock and Simon Henry Gage founded the Comstock Publishing Company in order to make textbooks on microscopy, histology, and entomology available at a reasonable price to students and to publish the works of Anna Botsford Comstock on nature study. Title: Lionel Proctor Passage: Lionel Proctor (born 27 November 1979) is an indigenous former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL) between 1998 and 2001 for the Richmond Football Club. Title: Roshd Biological Education Passage: Roshd Biological Education is a quarterly science educational magazine covering recent developments in biology and biology education for a biology teacher Persian -speaking audience. Founded in 1985, it is published by The Teaching Aids Publication Bureau, Organization for Educational Planning and Research, Ministry of Education, Iran. Roshd Biological Education has an editorial board composed of Iranian biologists, experts in biology education, science journalists and biology teachers. Title: 10 Things I Hate About You Passage: Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle. Title: Simon Lenski Passage: Simon Lenski is a cello player from Antwerp, Belgium. His main activity lies within the band DAAU which he co-founded in 1992. Title: Simon Simonian Passage: Simon Simonian (, , Ayntab - March 11, 1986, Beirut) was an Armenian intellectual who founded the literary and social Armenian periodical "Spurk" (Սփիւռք in Armenian). Title: Proctor, Oklahoma Passage: Proctor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Adair County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 231 at the 2010 census. Title: Alfred Binet Passage: Alfred Binet (French: (binɛ); July 8, 1857 -- October 18, 1911) was a French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet -- Simon test. In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked psychologist Alfred Binet to devise a method that would determine which students did not learn effectively from regular classroom instruction so they could be given remedial work. Along with his collaborator Théodore Simon, Binet published revisions of his test in 1908 and 1911, the last of which appeared just before his death. Title: Philip Bridger Proctor Passage: Philip Bridger Proctor KBE (1870 - 3 December 1940) was Director of Meat Supplies, Ministry of Food, 1919–21. He was knighted in 1920. He was educated at St Paul's School. He married Nellie Eliza Shaul in 1897; they had one daughter and a son. Title: Robert Proctor (field hockey) Passage: Robert Proctor (born 16 July 1949) is a retired field hockey player from Australia, who was a member of the Australia national field hockey team that won the silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. Title: Shinelle Proctor Passage: Shinelle Proctor (born 27 June 1991) is an Anguillan sprinter. She competed in the 60 metres event at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships. Her older sister is the Anguillan long-jumper Shara Proctor. Title: Education Finance and Policy Passage: Education Finance and Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal addressing public policy developments affecting educational institutions. Topics covered by the journal include school accountability, education standards, teacher compensation, instructional policy, higher education productivity and finance, and special education. "Education Finance and Policy" was founded in 2005 and is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press and the American Education Finance Association. It is also indexed with EconLit. Title: Proctor, Vermont Passage: Proctor is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,741 at the 2010 census. Proctor is home to the Vermont Marble Museum and Wilson Castle. Title: Simon Proctor Passage: Proctor graduated from the Royal Academy of Music where he gained the GRSM degree, LRAM diploma in piano and several prizes for composition, orchestration and piano. Title: Proctor, Texas Passage: Proctor is an unincorporated community located in Comanche County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 220 in 2000. Title: The Royal Conservatory of Music Passage: The Royal Conservatory of Music, branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a music education business and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter.	[ "The Royal Conservatory of Music", "Simon Proctor" ]
2hop__692214_82827	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Say You Love Me is the second studio album by American singer Jennifer Holliday released on vinyl and cassette. It was released by Geffen Records. In 1985, two singles were released from the album. The singles were \"Hard Time for Lovers\" and \"No Frills Love\". Michael Jackson co-wrote and produced the album's opener \"You're The One.\"", "title": "Say You Love Me (album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Wish\" is an R&B song recorded by American singer-songwriter R. Kelly, from the album \"TP-2.com\". It was released as the album's first single. It spent three weeks at number-one on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number fourteen on the U.S. Hot 100 chart. The song is dedicated to his mother as well as friends and other loved ones of his who have died. This song was originally going to feature rapper 2Pac, but he died before recording his verse. The remix, which was titled \"I Wish - Remix (To the Homies That We Lost) featured Hip Hop duo Boo & Gotti, who were then signed to his Rockland Records imprint.", "title": "I Wish (R. Kelly song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"One Shot at Love\" is the last single released from LL Cool J's third album, \"Walking with a Panther\". It was released in 1989 for Def Jam Recordings and was produced by Dwayne Simon and LL Cool J. \"One Shot at Love\" was a commercial disappointment as it only peaked at #68 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs chart.", "title": "One Shot at Love" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All I Want for Christmas Is You ''is a Christmas song performed by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. She wrote and produced the song alongside Walter Afanasieff. Columbia Records released it on November 1, 1994, as the lead single from her fourth studio album and first holiday album, Merry Christmas (1994). It is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back - up vocals, and synthesizers.", "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ultra Payloaded is the only studio album by American alternative rock band Satellite Party, released on May 29, 2007, on Columbia Records. Co-produced by Perry Farrell and Nuno Bettencourt, the album was preceded by the single, \"Wish Upon a Dog Star\".", "title": "Ultra Payloaded" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Come and Get Your Love ''is a 1974 hit single by the Native American rock band Redbone. The song was written by band member Lolly Vegas and produced by Lolly and his brother Pat Vegas, who was also a band member. One of their most successful singles, the song was originally featured on Redbone's 1973 album, Wovoka; later the song appeared on many`` greatest hits'' albums released by the band, as well as on numerous compilation albums of the 1970s.", "title": "Come and Get Your Love" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aretha's Gold is a greatest hits album by Aretha Franklin, released in 1969 at Atlantic Recording Corporation. The album's tracks were recorded at Atlantic Studios, New York City, except \"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)\" and \"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\", which were recorded at the Fame Recording Studios, Muscle Shoals, Alabama.", "title": "Aretha's Gold" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greatest Hits is the fourth compilation album released by American country artist Barbara Mandrell. The album was released in March 1985 on MCA Records and was produced by Tom Collins. The album was her first compilation for MCA Records.", "title": "Greatest Hits (Barbara Mandrell album)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"It's Only Love Doing Its Thing\" is a track featured on Barry White's album \"The Man\". British soul band Simply Red later covered the song, under the shortened title \"It's Only Love\", as the lead single for their third studio album, \"A New Flame\". The Simply Red cover had its greatest success by charting at number one in Italy. The song later features in several greatest-hits albums and a ballad collection of the same name, and it remains a live favorite.", "title": "It's Only Love Doing Its Thing" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1963, trumpet player Al Hirt recorded the instrumental, and the track was the first single from his album \"Honey in the Horn\". It was Hirt's first and biggest hit on the US pop charts, reaching number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on March 7, 1964 and spending four weeks at number one on the easy listening chart in early 1964. The song was also featured on his greatest hits album, \"The Best of Al Hirt\". Hirt released a live version on his 1965 album, \"Live at Carnegie Hall\". He also recorded the song with Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops for the RCA Red Seal album \"Pops Goes the Trumpet (Holiday for Brass)\" in 1964.", "title": "Java (instrumental)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``The Greatest Love of All ''is a song written by composers Michael Masser (music) and Linda Creed (lyrics). It was originally recorded in 1977 by American singer and guitarist George Benson, who made the song a substantial hit, peaking at number 2 on the R&B chart that year, the first R&B chart Top Ten hit for Arista Records. The song was written and recorded to be the main theme of the 1977 film The Greatest, a biopic of the boxer Muhammad Ali. Eight years after Benson's original recording, the song became even more well known for a version by Whitney Houston, whose 1985 cover (with the slightly amended title`` Greatest Love of All'') eventually topped the charts, peaking at number 1 in Australia, Canada, U.S. and on the R&B chart in 1986.", "title": "The Greatest Love of All" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Songs of a Love Affair is the debut studio album by American country artist Jean Shepard. The album was released in 1956 on Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Nelson. The release has been said to have been one of country music's first concept albums in history and also one of the first to be released by a female country music artist.", "title": "Songs of a Love Affair" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Ones You Love\" is a pop song performed by English singer Rick Astley and written by Dave West and himself. It was produced by Gary Stevenson and Rick. The song was recorded for Astley's fourth album, \"Body & Soul\".", "title": "The Ones You Love" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Only Yesterday (subtitled \"Richard & Karen Carpenter's Greatest Hits\") is a greatest hits compilation album by American group the Carpenters. It was released in 1990 by A&M Records and peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart for seven weeks.", "title": "Only Yesterday (album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On is the third album by indie rock band Imperial Teen. It is the follow-up to their second full-length record \"What is Not to Love\" (1998), and was released in the U.S. on April 9, 2002 from Merge Records. On March 30, 2009 Amazon.com selected it as the 43rd greatest indie rock album of all time.", "title": "On (Imperial Teen album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three for Love is the fourth album by American R&B group Shalamar, released in 1980 on the SOLAR label. It was produced by Leon Sylvers III and features the 'classic' Shalamar line-up (Jeffrey Daniel, Howard Hewett and Jody Watley). Three for Love is considered by many to be Shalamar's greatest achievement.", "title": "Three for Love" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greatest Hits Plus is the first Greatest Hits compilation by country music artist Ricky Van Shelton. It contains the hit singles from his first four studio albums, not including his gospel and holiday album.", "title": "Greatest Hits Plus" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Best of Hilary Duff is the first greatest hits album by American recording artist Hilary Duff. It was released on November 11, 2008, by Hollywood Records. The 12-track album consists of eight of Duff's previous singles, as well as two new recordings: \"Reach Out\" and \"Holiday\", and two remixes to the songs. Only one single was released from the album, the Ryan \"Alias\" Tedder-produced \"Reach Out\", which became her third single to chart at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play. Despite being a greatest hits album, her singles \"Someone's Watching Over Me\", \"Our Lips Are Sealed\" and \"Beat of My Heart\" aren't included in the standard edition of the album.", "title": "Best of Hilary Duff" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One Wish: The Holiday Album is the sixth studio album by American singer Whitney Houston, released in November 2003. The album is a Christmas album, and featured the single \"One Wish (for Christmas)\", which reached the top twenty on \"Billboard\"s US Adult Contemporary chart. The album spent six weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200 and as of January 11th 2018 the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales over 500,000 copies. The album also features a duet with Houston's daughter Bobbi Kristina on \"The Little Drummer Boy\". The album also re-uses \"Joy to the World\" and \"Who Would Imagine a King\" from 1996's \"\".", "title": "One Wish: The Holiday Album" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dance Again... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was released on July 20, 2012, by Epic Records, to coincide with the launch of her first world tour, the Dance Again World Tour. Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009, but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album, \"Love?\", which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010. As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract, she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011. She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album, eventually deciding on the former.", "title": "Dance Again... the Hits" } ]	When did the producer of One Wish - The Holiday Album, record The Greatest Love of All?	1985	[]	Title: Ultra Payloaded Passage: Ultra Payloaded is the only studio album by American alternative rock band Satellite Party, released on May 29, 2007, on Columbia Records. Co-produced by Perry Farrell and Nuno Bettencourt, the album was preceded by the single, "Wish Upon a Dog Star". Title: Greatest Hits Plus Passage: Greatest Hits Plus is the first Greatest Hits compilation by country music artist Ricky Van Shelton. It contains the hit singles from his first four studio albums, not including his gospel and holiday album. Title: Come and Get Your Love Passage: ``Come and Get Your Love ''is a 1974 hit single by the Native American rock band Redbone. The song was written by band member Lolly Vegas and produced by Lolly and his brother Pat Vegas, who was also a band member. One of their most successful singles, the song was originally featured on Redbone's 1973 album, Wovoka; later the song appeared on many`` greatest hits'' albums released by the band, as well as on numerous compilation albums of the 1970s. Title: Best of Hilary Duff Passage: Best of Hilary Duff is the first greatest hits album by American recording artist Hilary Duff. It was released on November 11, 2008, by Hollywood Records. The 12-track album consists of eight of Duff's previous singles, as well as two new recordings: "Reach Out" and "Holiday", and two remixes to the songs. Only one single was released from the album, the Ryan "Alias" Tedder-produced "Reach Out", which became her third single to chart at number one on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Play. Despite being a greatest hits album, her singles "Someone's Watching Over Me", "Our Lips Are Sealed" and "Beat of My Heart" aren't included in the standard edition of the album. Title: I Wish (R. Kelly song) Passage: "I Wish" is an R&B song recorded by American singer-songwriter R. Kelly, from the album "TP-2.com". It was released as the album's first single. It spent three weeks at number-one on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number fourteen on the U.S. Hot 100 chart. The song is dedicated to his mother as well as friends and other loved ones of his who have died. This song was originally going to feature rapper 2Pac, but he died before recording his verse. The remix, which was titled "I Wish - Remix (To the Homies That We Lost) featured Hip Hop duo Boo & Gotti, who were then signed to his Rockland Records imprint. Title: Dance Again... the Hits Passage: Dance Again... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was released on July 20, 2012, by Epic Records, to coincide with the launch of her first world tour, the Dance Again World Tour. Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009, but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album, "Love?", which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010. As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract, she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011. She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album, eventually deciding on the former. Title: Songs of a Love Affair Passage: Songs of a Love Affair is the debut studio album by American country artist Jean Shepard. The album was released in 1956 on Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Nelson. The release has been said to have been one of country music's first concept albums in history and also one of the first to be released by a female country music artist. Title: All I Want for Christmas Is You Passage: ``All I Want for Christmas Is You ''is a Christmas song performed by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. She wrote and produced the song alongside Walter Afanasieff. Columbia Records released it on November 1, 1994, as the lead single from her fourth studio album and first holiday album, Merry Christmas (1994). It is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back - up vocals, and synthesizers. Title: Say You Love Me (album) Passage: Say You Love Me is the second studio album by American singer Jennifer Holliday released on vinyl and cassette. It was released by Geffen Records. In 1985, two singles were released from the album. The singles were "Hard Time for Lovers" and "No Frills Love". Michael Jackson co-wrote and produced the album's opener "You're The One." Title: The Greatest Love of All Passage: ``The Greatest Love of All ''is a song written by composers Michael Masser (music) and Linda Creed (lyrics). It was originally recorded in 1977 by American singer and guitarist George Benson, who made the song a substantial hit, peaking at number 2 on the R&B chart that year, the first R&B chart Top Ten hit for Arista Records. The song was written and recorded to be the main theme of the 1977 film The Greatest, a biopic of the boxer Muhammad Ali. Eight years after Benson's original recording, the song became even more well known for a version by Whitney Houston, whose 1985 cover (with the slightly amended title`` Greatest Love of All'') eventually topped the charts, peaking at number 1 in Australia, Canada, U.S. and on the R&B chart in 1986. Title: Greatest Hits (Barbara Mandrell album) Passage: Greatest Hits is the fourth compilation album released by American country artist Barbara Mandrell. The album was released in March 1985 on MCA Records and was produced by Tom Collins. The album was her first compilation for MCA Records. Title: One Wish: The Holiday Album Passage: One Wish: The Holiday Album is the sixth studio album by American singer Whitney Houston, released in November 2003. The album is a Christmas album, and featured the single "One Wish (for Christmas)", which reached the top twenty on "Billboard"s US Adult Contemporary chart. The album spent six weeks on the "Billboard" 200 and as of January 11th 2018 the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales over 500,000 copies. The album also features a duet with Houston's daughter Bobbi Kristina on "The Little Drummer Boy". The album also re-uses "Joy to the World" and "Who Would Imagine a King" from 1996's "". Title: The Ones You Love Passage: "The Ones You Love" is a pop song performed by English singer Rick Astley and written by Dave West and himself. It was produced by Gary Stevenson and Rick. The song was recorded for Astley's fourth album, "Body & Soul". Title: On (Imperial Teen album) Passage: On is the third album by indie rock band Imperial Teen. It is the follow-up to their second full-length record "What is Not to Love" (1998), and was released in the U.S. on April 9, 2002 from Merge Records. On March 30, 2009 Amazon.com selected it as the 43rd greatest indie rock album of all time. Title: Three for Love Passage: Three for Love is the fourth album by American R&B group Shalamar, released in 1980 on the SOLAR label. It was produced by Leon Sylvers III and features the 'classic' Shalamar line-up (Jeffrey Daniel, Howard Hewett and Jody Watley). Three for Love is considered by many to be Shalamar's greatest achievement. Title: It's Only Love Doing Its Thing Passage: "It's Only Love Doing Its Thing" is a track featured on Barry White's album "The Man". British soul band Simply Red later covered the song, under the shortened title "It's Only Love", as the lead single for their third studio album, "A New Flame". The Simply Red cover had its greatest success by charting at number one in Italy. The song later features in several greatest-hits albums and a ballad collection of the same name, and it remains a live favorite. Title: Only Yesterday (album) Passage: Only Yesterday (subtitled "Richard & Karen Carpenter's Greatest Hits") is a greatest hits compilation album by American group the Carpenters. It was released in 1990 by A&M Records and peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart for seven weeks. Title: Aretha's Gold Passage: Aretha's Gold is a greatest hits album by Aretha Franklin, released in 1969 at Atlantic Recording Corporation. The album's tracks were recorded at Atlantic Studios, New York City, except "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" and "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man", which were recorded at the Fame Recording Studios, Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Title: One Shot at Love Passage: "One Shot at Love" is the last single released from LL Cool J's third album, "Walking with a Panther". It was released in 1989 for Def Jam Recordings and was produced by Dwayne Simon and LL Cool J. "One Shot at Love" was a commercial disappointment as it only peaked at #68 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs chart. Title: Java (instrumental) Passage: In 1963, trumpet player Al Hirt recorded the instrumental, and the track was the first single from his album "Honey in the Horn". It was Hirt's first and biggest hit on the US pop charts, reaching number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on March 7, 1964 and spending four weeks at number one on the easy listening chart in early 1964. The song was also featured on his greatest hits album, "The Best of Al Hirt". Hirt released a live version on his 1965 album, "Live at Carnegie Hall". He also recorded the song with Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops for the RCA Red Seal album "Pops Goes the Trumpet (Holiday for Brass)" in 1964.	[ "The Greatest Love of All", "One Wish: The Holiday Album" ]
3hop2__22027_70123_63115	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Perfect Mismatch was produced under the banner Xperience Films and had a limited release in India. The film was originally titled \"It's A Mismatch\", but the producers had to change to title as it was not available. The film was released contemporaneously with another Bollywood film, \"Luck\", which adversely affected its ticket sales. Perfect Mismatch didn't perform well at the box office in India, but had a successful festival run in the United States. It was an official selection at one of the top 10 International Film Festivals - Cinequest Film Festival. The original songs for the soundtrack were composed by the Montreal-based group, Josh.", "title": "Perfect Mismatch" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She began playing reggae music in Japanese clubs in 1996. Her 2002 debut single, \"The Perfect Vision\", went on to sell over 500,000 copies.", "title": "Minmi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age. Throughout the early Paleozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents. Toward the end of the era the continents gathered together into a supercontinent called Pangaea, which included most of the Earth's land area.", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West - Central Africa. The borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the Niger - Congo, Nilo - Saharan and Afroasiatic areas of the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents. European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period; European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony. Kenya obtained independence in December 1963, but remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, governed by elected governors.", "title": "Kenya" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.", "title": "Architecture" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European migrant crisis, or the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents which began in the late 20th century and which has encountered resistance in many European countries.", "title": "European migrant crisis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age.", "title": "Renaissance" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was educated at Brighton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. After a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon he was ordained in 1937 and began his career with a curacy at \"St Francis of Assisi, West Bromwich \" followed by a period as Vicar of \"St Matthias, Colindale\". In 1951 he began a long association with the Bedford area, being successively Rural Dean, Archdeacon of Bedford and then Suffragan Bishop. He died in post on 25 October 1976.", "title": "John Hare (bishop)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian: (fiˈlippo brunelˈleski); 1377 -- April 15, 1446) was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. He was one of the founding fathers of the Renaissance. He is generally well known for developing a technique for linear perspective in art and for building the dome of the Florence Cathedral. Heavily dependent on mirrors and geometry, to ``reinforce Christian spiritual reality '', his formulation of linear perspective governed pictorial depiction of space until the late 19th century. It also had the most profound -- and quite unanticipated -- influence on the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy. Unfortunately, his two original linear perspective panels have been lost.", "title": "Filippo Brunelleschi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The region also experiences occasional periods of drought, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use by residents. During the late summer and early fall, Raleigh can experience hurricanes. In 1996, Hurricane Fran caused severe damage in the Raleigh area, mostly from falling trees. The most recent hurricane to have a considerable effect on the area was Isabel in 2003. Tornadoes also have on occasion affected the city of Raleigh most notably the November 28, 1988 tornado which occurred in the early morning hours and rated an F4 on the Fujita Tornado Scale and affected Northwestern portions of the city. Also the April 16, 2011 F3 Tornado which affected portions of downtown and North east Raleigh and the suburb of Holly Springs.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi. Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello. This can be seen particularly well in his sculptures, inspired by the study of classical models. As the centre of the movement shifted to Rome, the period culminated in the High Renaissance masters da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated.", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Population Bomb\" was written at the suggestion of David Brower the executive director of the environmentalist Sierra Club, and Ian Ballantine of Ballantine Books following various public appearances Ehrlich had made regarding population issues and their relation to the environment. Although the Ehrlichs collaborated on the book, the publisher insisted that a single author be credited, and also asked to change their preferred title: \"Population, Resources, and Environment.\" The title \"Population Bomb\" was taken (with permission) from General William H. Draper, founder of the Population Crisis Committee and a pamphlet issued in 1954 by the Hugh Moore Fund. The Ehrlichs regret the choice of title, which they admit was a perfect choice from a marketing perspective, but think that \"it led Paul to be miscategorized as solely focused on human numbers, despite our interest in all the factors affecting the human trajectory.\"", "title": "The Population Bomb" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Satire on False Perspective is the title of an engraving produced by William Hogarth in 1754 for his friend Joshua Kirby's pamphlet on linear perspective.", "title": "Satire on False Perspective" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madame Grès was born and raised in Paris, France. Early in life, Grès studied painting and sculpting. Grès originally dreamed of becoming a sculptress but after many objections made by her family she shifted her interests towards the art of fashion design and clothing making. Using her formal training in sculpture, Grès was able to apply her sculpting techniques to her fabric forms. Grès's first job in the industry of fashion was a woman's hat maker where she excelled until she began focusing on couture dressmaking. After distinguishing her area of interest, Grès received her early training in haute couture dressmaking at the fashion house, Maison Premet, a house known for requiring extreme perfection.", "title": "Madame Grès" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An Antarctic oasis is a large area naturally free of snow and ice in the otherwise ice-covered continent of Antarctica.", "title": "Antarctic oasis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) is a bipartisan, non-profit, national, independent, member-based organisation providing thought leadership and policy perspectives on the economic and social issues affecting Australia.", "title": "Committee for Economic Development of Australia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: \"I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil\". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: \"Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government\".", "title": "Edmund Burke" } ]	The art period in which linear perspective was perfected began in which area of the continent Jacobinism affected?	seemingly in Italy	[ "IT", "ITA", "Italy", "Italia", "it" ]	Title: Perfect Mismatch Passage: Perfect Mismatch was produced under the banner Xperience Films and had a limited release in India. The film was originally titled "It's A Mismatch", but the producers had to change to title as it was not available. The film was released contemporaneously with another Bollywood film, "Luck", which adversely affected its ticket sales. Perfect Mismatch didn't perform well at the box office in India, but had a successful festival run in the United States. It was an official selection at one of the top 10 International Film Festivals - Cinequest Film Festival. The original songs for the soundtrack were composed by the Montreal-based group, Josh. Title: Antarctic oasis Passage: An Antarctic oasis is a large area naturally free of snow and ice in the otherwise ice-covered continent of Antarctica. Title: The Population Bomb Passage: "The Population Bomb" was written at the suggestion of David Brower the executive director of the environmentalist Sierra Club, and Ian Ballantine of Ballantine Books following various public appearances Ehrlich had made regarding population issues and their relation to the environment. Although the Ehrlichs collaborated on the book, the publisher insisted that a single author be credited, and also asked to change their preferred title: "Population, Resources, and Environment." The title "Population Bomb" was taken (with permission) from General William H. Draper, founder of the Population Crisis Committee and a pamphlet issued in 1954 by the Hugh Moore Fund. The Ehrlichs regret the choice of title, which they admit was a perfect choice from a marketing perspective, but think that "it led Paul to be miscategorized as solely focused on human numbers, despite our interest in all the factors affecting the human trajectory." Title: Kenya Passage: The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West - Central Africa. The borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the Niger - Congo, Nilo - Saharan and Afroasiatic areas of the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents. European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period; European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony. Kenya obtained independence in December 1963, but remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, governed by elected governors. Title: Committee for Economic Development of Australia Passage: The Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) is a bipartisan, non-profit, national, independent, member-based organisation providing thought leadership and policy perspectives on the economic and social issues affecting Australia. Title: Architecture Passage: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period. Title: Raleigh, North Carolina Passage: The region also experiences occasional periods of drought, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use by residents. During the late summer and early fall, Raleigh can experience hurricanes. In 1996, Hurricane Fran caused severe damage in the Raleigh area, mostly from falling trees. The most recent hurricane to have a considerable effect on the area was Isabel in 2003. Tornadoes also have on occasion affected the city of Raleigh most notably the November 28, 1988 tornado which occurred in the early morning hours and rated an F4 on the Fujita Tornado Scale and affected Northwestern portions of the city. Also the April 16, 2011 F3 Tornado which affected portions of downtown and North east Raleigh and the suburb of Holly Springs. Title: Madame Grès Passage: Madame Grès was born and raised in Paris, France. Early in life, Grès studied painting and sculpting. Grès originally dreamed of becoming a sculptress but after many objections made by her family she shifted her interests towards the art of fashion design and clothing making. Using her formal training in sculpture, Grès was able to apply her sculpting techniques to her fabric forms. Grès's first job in the industry of fashion was a woman's hat maker where she excelled until she began focusing on couture dressmaking. After distinguishing her area of interest, Grès received her early training in haute couture dressmaking at the fashion house, Maison Premet, a house known for requiring extreme perfection. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age. Throughout the early Paleozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents. Toward the end of the era the continents gathered together into a supercontinent called Pangaea, which included most of the Earth's land area. Title: Filippo Brunelleschi Passage: Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian: (fiˈlippo brunelˈleski); 1377 -- April 15, 1446) was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. He was one of the founding fathers of the Renaissance. He is generally well known for developing a technique for linear perspective in art and for building the dome of the Florence Cathedral. Heavily dependent on mirrors and geometry, to ``reinforce Christian spiritual reality '', his formulation of linear perspective governed pictorial depiction of space until the late 19th century. It also had the most profound -- and quite unanticipated -- influence on the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy. Unfortunately, his two original linear perspective panels have been lost. Title: Late Middle Ages Passage: The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi. Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello. This can be seen particularly well in his sculptures, inspired by the study of classical models. As the centre of the movement shifted to Rome, the period culminated in the High Renaissance masters da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Title: European migrant crisis Passage: The European migrant crisis, or the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents which began in the late 20th century and which has encountered resistance in many European countries. Title: Minmi Passage: She began playing reggae music in Japanese clubs in 1996. Her 2002 debut single, "The Perfect Vision", went on to sell over 500,000 copies. Title: John Hare (bishop) Passage: He was educated at Brighton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. After a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon he was ordained in 1937 and began his career with a curacy at "St Francis of Assisi, West Bromwich " followed by a period as Vicar of "St Matthias, Colindale". In 1951 he began a long association with the Bedford area, being successively Rural Dean, Archdeacon of Bedford and then Suffragan Bishop. He died in post on 25 October 1976. Title: Modern history Passage: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior. Title: Edmund Burke Passage: Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government". Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated. Title: Satire on False Perspective Passage: Satire on False Perspective is the title of an engraving produced by William Hogarth in 1754 for his friend Joshua Kirby's pamphlet on linear perspective. Title: Renaissance Passage: The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]	[ "Renaissance", "Filippo Brunelleschi", "Edmund Burke" ]
3hop1__109053_771265_1940	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2% Filipino, 1.2% Laotian, 1.0% Thai, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean), 849 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 111,984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are Mexican, 0.4% Salvadoran, and 0.4% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970.", "title": "Fresno, California" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.44% of the population was non-Hispanic whites.", "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 520,116 people, 229,762 households, and 112,455 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,500.1 inhabitants per square mile (965.3/km²). There were 209,609 housing units at an average density of 1,076.7 per square mile (415.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.7% White (down from 94.8% in 1970), 5.0% Black or African-American, 2.7% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 16.9% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.6% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 47.2% of the population in 2010, down from 72.8% in 1970.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lobster Trap and Fish Tail, a mobile by American artist Alexander Calder, is located at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, New York, United States. It is one of Calder's earliest hanging mobiles and \"the first to reveal the basic characteristics of the genre that launched his enormous international reputation and popularity.\"", "title": "Lobster Trap and Fish Tail" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sky Hooks is a painted sheet steel sculpture by Alexander Calder, constructed in 1962. It is located at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.", "title": "Sky Hooks" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington will have the highest state minimum wages. There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3 percent of White, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Among Black workers, the percentage was about 4 percent.", "title": "Minimum wage in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude non-Whites from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to Whites (e.g., Sea Point, Lansdowne, Cape Town, Claremont, Cape Town). It caused many non-Whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. The law led to non-Whites being forcibly removed for living in the ``wrong ''areas. The non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. Pass Laws required that non-Whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books' (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country.", "title": "Group Areas Act" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell for the American Counseling Association on behalf of the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development. The journal was established in 1972 as the \"Journal of Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance\".", "title": "Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,270.33 people per square mile (2653.47/km²). There were 49,982 housing units at an average density of 1,748.0 per square mile (675.0/km²), making it less densely populated than inner-ring Detroit suburbs like Oak Park and Ferndale (and than Detroit proper), but more densely populated than outer-ring suburbs like Livonia or Troy. The racial makeup of the city was 73.0% White (70.4% non-Hispanic White), 7.7% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 14.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 4.1% of the population.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/green-eyed white Hispanic and Latino Americans (who resemble Scandinavians and other Northern Europeans rather than they look like white Hispanic and Latino Americans mostly of typical Southern European features), and also light-skinned mulatto and mestizo Hispanic and Latino Americans (often deemed as white persons in U.S. Hispanic and Latino populations if achieving the middle class or higher social status), especially some of the actors on the telenovelas.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of July 2016, White Americans are the racial majority. African Americans are the largest racial minority, amounting to an estimated 12.7% of the population. Hispanic and Latino Americans amount to an estimated 17.8% of the total U.S. population, making up the largest ethnic minority. The White, non-Hispanic or Latino population make up 61.3% of the nation's total, with the total White population (including White Hispanics and Latinos) being 76.9%.", "title": "Race and ethnicity in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent of Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first U.S. city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Keep Your Head to the Sky ''is a song by R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire which was written by Maurice White and produced by Joe Wissert. Included on the band's 1973 album, Head to the Sky. It was released as a single in the same year.", "title": "Keep Your Head to the Sky" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosa Rosales is an American political activist. She served as the 45th national president of the League of United Latin American Citizens, the largest and oldest Hispanic civil rights organization in the United States, from 2002–2010. Rosales advocates for Hispanics across the country on issues of education, health, housing, civil rights, and many other issues affecting Hispanics.", "title": "Rosa Rosales" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and percentage of white residents. 320,640 whites called the Bronx home, of which 168,570 were non-Hispanic whites. The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. People of Italian descent numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. People of Irish descent numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. German Americans and Polish Americans made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively.", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available, the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures).", "title": "Boston" } ]	In 2012, how many non-Hispanic whites lived in the city where the Sky Hooks developer died?	2.7 million	[]	Title: Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development Passage: Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell for the American Counseling Association on behalf of the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development. The journal was established in 1972 as the "Journal of Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance". Title: Group Areas Act Passage: Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude non-Whites from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to Whites (e.g., Sea Point, Lansdowne, Cape Town, Claremont, Cape Town). It caused many non-Whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. The law led to non-Whites being forcibly removed for living in the ``wrong ''areas. The non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. Pass Laws required that non-Whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books' (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country. Title: New York City Passage: New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx. Title: Lobster Trap and Fish Tail Passage: Lobster Trap and Fish Tail, a mobile by American artist Alexander Calder, is located at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, New York, United States. It is one of Calder's earliest hanging mobiles and "the first to reveal the basic characteristics of the genre that launched his enormous international reputation and popularity." Title: Minimum wage in the United States Passage: Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington will have the highest state minimum wages. There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3 percent of White, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Among Black workers, the percentage was about 4 percent. Title: Race and ethnicity in the United States Passage: As of July 2016, White Americans are the racial majority. African Americans are the largest racial minority, amounting to an estimated 12.7% of the population. Hispanic and Latino Americans amount to an estimated 17.8% of the total U.S. population, making up the largest ethnic minority. The White, non-Hispanic or Latino population make up 61.3% of the nation's total, with the total White population (including White Hispanics and Latinos) being 76.9%. Title: Sky Hooks Passage: Sky Hooks is a painted sheet steel sculpture by Alexander Calder, constructed in 1962. It is located at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Title: Fresno, California Passage: The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2% Filipino, 1.2% Laotian, 1.0% Thai, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean), 849 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 111,984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are Mexican, 0.4% Salvadoran, and 0.4% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970. Title: Philadelphia Passage: In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,270.33 people per square mile (2653.47/km²). There were 49,982 housing units at an average density of 1,748.0 per square mile (675.0/km²), making it less densely populated than inner-ring Detroit suburbs like Oak Park and Ferndale (and than Detroit proper), but more densely populated than outer-ring suburbs like Livonia or Troy. The racial makeup of the city was 73.0% White (70.4% non-Hispanic White), 7.7% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 14.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 4.1% of the population. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.44% of the population was non-Hispanic whites. Title: Houston Passage: Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker. Title: Houston Passage: Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent of Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first U.S. city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker. Title: Keep Your Head to the Sky Passage: ``Keep Your Head to the Sky ''is a song by R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire which was written by Maurice White and produced by Joe Wissert. Included on the band's 1973 album, Head to the Sky. It was released as a single in the same year. Title: Rosa Rosales Passage: Rosa Rosales is an American political activist. She served as the 45th national president of the League of United Latin American Citizens, the largest and oldest Hispanic civil rights organization in the United States, from 2002–2010. Rosales advocates for Hispanics across the country on issues of education, health, housing, civil rights, and many other issues affecting Hispanics. Title: Miami Passage: During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman." Title: The Bronx Passage: According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and percentage of white residents. 320,640 whites called the Bronx home, of which 168,570 were non-Hispanic whites. The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. People of Italian descent numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. People of Irish descent numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. German Americans and Polish Americans made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively. Title: Boston Passage: In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available, the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures). Title: Multiracial Americans Passage: Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/green-eyed white Hispanic and Latino Americans (who resemble Scandinavians and other Northern Europeans rather than they look like white Hispanic and Latino Americans mostly of typical Southern European features), and also light-skinned mulatto and mestizo Hispanic and Latino Americans (often deemed as white persons in U.S. Hispanic and Latino populations if achieving the middle class or higher social status), especially some of the actors on the telenovelas. Title: Tucson, Arizona Passage: As of the census of 2010, there were 520,116 people, 229,762 households, and 112,455 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,500.1 inhabitants per square mile (965.3/km²). There were 209,609 housing units at an average density of 1,076.7 per square mile (415.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.7% White (down from 94.8% in 1970), 5.0% Black or African-American, 2.7% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 16.9% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.6% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 47.2% of the population in 2010, down from 72.8% in 1970.	[ "Lobster Trap and Fish Tail", "Sky Hooks", "New York City" ]
2hop__185977_259429	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brown Memorial Library is the public library of Clinton, Maine. It is located in an architecturally distinguished 1899-1900 Richardsonian Romanesque building at 53 Railroad Street in the town center. It was donated to the town by William W. Brown, in honor of his parents. The building was designed by architect John Calvin Stevens and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "title": "Brown Memorial Library" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alicia Haydock Munnell (born December 6, 1942) is an American economist who is the Peter F. Drucker Professor of Management Sciences at Boston College's Carroll School of Management. Educated at Wellesley College, Boston University, and Harvard University, Munnell spent 20 years as an economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, where she researched wealth, savings, and retirement among American workers. She served in the Bill Clinton administration as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy and as a member of the Council of Economic Advisers. Since 1997 she has been a professor at Boston College and director of its Center for Retirement Research, where she writes on retirement income policy.", "title": "Alicia Munnell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The program came in response to the failure of comprehensive health care reform proposed in 1993 by President Bill Clinton. The legislation to create it was sponsored by Senator Ted Kennedy in a partnership with Senator Orrin Hatch, with support coming from First Lady Hillary Clinton during the Clinton administration. At its creation in 1997, SCHIP was the largest expansion of taxpayer - funded health insurance coverage for children in the U.S. since Lyndon Johnson established Medicaid in 1965. The statutory authority for CHIP is under title XXI of the Social Security Act.", "title": "Children's Health Insurance Program" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashdale Junction is an unincorporated community in Carroll County, Illinois, United States. Ashdale Junction is located along the Milwaukee Road railroad line east of Mount Carroll.", "title": "Ashdale Junction, Illinois" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frewsburg is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Carroll in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 1,906 at the 2010 census. The ZIP code is 14738 and the telephone exchange (which extends past Carroll and well into South Valley and Kennedy is 569 (in area code 716).", "title": "Frewsburg, New York" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Knoxville City-County Building is a building at 400 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee that houses the offices of the city government of Knoxville and the county government of Knox County, Tennessee. It also houses the Knox County Jail. The building stands ten stories, and contains of office space. At the time it was built it was said to be the largest office building in Tennessee.", "title": "Knoxville City-County Building" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Clinton Valley Center (CVC), originally called the Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane, was a psychiatric hospital located at 140 Elizabeth Lake Road in Pontiac, Michigan. The facility was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, with a decrease in its boundaries in 1986. The facility was closed in 1997 and demolished in 2000.", "title": "Clinton Valley Center" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Clinton Derricks-Carroll (born May 15, 1953 in Knoxville, Tennessee) is an American actor and musician who is best known for \"Introducing Dorothy Dandridge\" (1999), \"Wally Brown\" (1979) and \"Sanford\" (1980-1981).", "title": "Clinton Derricks-Carroll" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" } ]	In which administrative territory is Clinton Derricks-Carrol' birth place?	Knox County	[]	Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Clinton Derricks-Carroll Passage: Clinton Derricks-Carroll (born May 15, 1953 in Knoxville, Tennessee) is an American actor and musician who is best known for "Introducing Dorothy Dandridge" (1999), "Wally Brown" (1979) and "Sanford" (1980-1981). Title: Ashdale Junction, Illinois Passage: Ashdale Junction is an unincorporated community in Carroll County, Illinois, United States. Ashdale Junction is located along the Milwaukee Road railroad line east of Mount Carroll. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Children's Health Insurance Program Passage: The program came in response to the failure of comprehensive health care reform proposed in 1993 by President Bill Clinton. The legislation to create it was sponsored by Senator Ted Kennedy in a partnership with Senator Orrin Hatch, with support coming from First Lady Hillary Clinton during the Clinton administration. At its creation in 1997, SCHIP was the largest expansion of taxpayer - funded health insurance coverage for children in the U.S. since Lyndon Johnson established Medicaid in 1965. The statutory authority for CHIP is under title XXI of the Social Security Act. Title: Brown Memorial Library Passage: Brown Memorial Library is the public library of Clinton, Maine. It is located in an architecturally distinguished 1899-1900 Richardsonian Romanesque building at 53 Railroad Street in the town center. It was donated to the town by William W. Brown, in honor of his parents. The building was designed by architect John Calvin Stevens and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Knoxville City-County Building Passage: The Knoxville City-County Building is a building at 400 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee that houses the offices of the city government of Knoxville and the county government of Knox County, Tennessee. It also houses the Knox County Jail. The building stands ten stories, and contains of office space. At the time it was built it was said to be the largest office building in Tennessee. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Frewsburg, New York Passage: Frewsburg is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Carroll in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 1,906 at the 2010 census. The ZIP code is 14738 and the telephone exchange (which extends past Carroll and well into South Valley and Kennedy is 569 (in area code 716). Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Alicia Munnell Passage: Alicia Haydock Munnell (born December 6, 1942) is an American economist who is the Peter F. Drucker Professor of Management Sciences at Boston College's Carroll School of Management. Educated at Wellesley College, Boston University, and Harvard University, Munnell spent 20 years as an economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, where she researched wealth, savings, and retirement among American workers. She served in the Bill Clinton administration as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy and as a member of the Council of Economic Advisers. Since 1997 she has been a professor at Boston College and director of its Center for Retirement Research, where she writes on retirement income policy. Title: Clinton Valley Center Passage: The Clinton Valley Center (CVC), originally called the Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane, was a psychiatric hospital located at 140 Elizabeth Lake Road in Pontiac, Michigan. The facility was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, with a decrease in its boundaries in 1986. The facility was closed in 1997 and demolished in 2000. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:	[ "Knoxville City-County Building", "Clinton Derricks-Carroll" ]
3hop1__852952_147364_40239	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Murray Mouth is the point at which the River Murray meets the Southern Ocean. The Murray Mouth's location is changeable. Historical records show that the channel out to sea moves along the sand dunes over time. At times of greater river flow and rough seas, the two bodies of water would erode the sand dunes to create a new channel leaving the old one to silt and disappear.", "title": "Murray Mouth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In July 1919, Duncan managed to bundle the dogs aboard a ship taking him back to the US at the end of the war. When he got to Long Island, New York, for re-entry processing, he put his dogs in the care of a Hempstead breeder named Mrs. Leo Wanner, who raised police dogs. Nanette was diagnosed with pneumonia; as a replacement, the breeder gave Duncan another female German Shepherd puppy. Duncan headed to California by rail with his dogs. While Duncan was traveling by train, Nanette died in Hempstead. As a memorial, Duncan named his new puppy Nanette II, but he called her Nanette. Duncan, Rin Tin Tin, and Nanette II settled at his home in Los Angeles. Rin Tin Tin was a dark sable color and had very dark eyes. Nanette II was much lighter in color.", "title": "Rin Tin Tin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rough Waters is a 1930 all-talking adventure drama film that directed by John Daumery and starring Rin Tin Tin. The film was adapted by James A. Starr from a story by Lillie Hayward, and was the last Rin Tin Tin film produced by Warner Bros.", "title": "Rough Waters" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Living Lahaina is an American reality television series on MTV. The series, filmed over a three-month period on location in Lahaina (on the island of Maui, Hawaii), focused on a group of twenty-something surf instructors and their father-figure-boss at the Royal Hawaiian Surf Academy. \"Living Lahaina\" also followed cast members throughout travels to Indonesia, California, and Kauai.", "title": "Living Lahaina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne - Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on What's Happening Now!!, Aileen Lewis on Double Trouble, Althea Tibbs on In the Heat of the Night, and as a cast member on In Living Color during its final season.", "title": "Anne-Marie Johnson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Home Guard consisted of local volunteers otherwise ineligible for military service, either because of age (hence the title \"Dad's Army\") or by being in professions exempt from conscription. \"Dad's Army\" deals almost exclusively with men over military age, and featured older British actors, including Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Arnold Ridley and John Laurie. Younger members of the cast included Ian Lavender, Clive Dunn (who played the oldest guardsman, Lance Corporal Jones, despite being one of the youngest cast members), and James Beck (who died suddenly during production of the sixth series in 1973). Other regular cast members included Frank Williams as the vicar, and Bill Pertwee as the chief ARP warden.", "title": "Dad's Army" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Principality of Sealand, commonly known as Sealand, is a micronation that claims Roughs Tower, an offshore platform in the North Sea approximately off the coast of Suffolk, as its territory. Roughs Tower is a disused Maunsell Sea Fort, originally called HM Fort Roughs, built as an anti-aircraft gun platform by the British during World War II.", "title": "Principality of Sealand" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1995 to 2009.", "title": "Darrell Hammond" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded in 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s, a period in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, who own the Rough Riders intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.", "title": "Ottawa Rough Riders" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiloni is a village the Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh state of India. This village is mostly inhabited by Jats while other castes include SCs and STs. Most of the Jats belong to Sikarwar gotra. The population of the village is about 2000. Most of the villagers use farming to earn their living. Potato is a staple crop. Because of scarcity of underground water, farming is getting tough these years. Yamuna Expressway, which will connect Noida to Taj Mahal City, Agra, passes through the fields of Kiloni village.", "title": "Kiloni" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benched is an American single-camera sitcom, created by Michaela Watkins and Damon Jones, about a high-powered corporate lawyer's fall from grace into the rough-and-tumble world of a public defender. The series stars Eliza Coupe and Jay Harrington in pivotal roles with Maria Bamford, Jolene Purdy, Carter MacIntyre and Oscar Nunez as the supporting cast. The show premiered on USA Network on October 28, 2014.", "title": "Benched" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Osgod Clapa (died 1054), also Osgot, was a nobleman in Anglo-Saxon England during the reigns of Kings Cnut the Great, Harold Harefoot, Harthacnut, and Edward the Confessor. His name comes from the Old Danish Asgot, the byname Clapa meaning coarse, or rough, in Old English. He was a major landowner in East Anglia during a period in which no Ealdorman was appointed to the region. He held the post of \"staller\", that is constable or master of the royal stables. In 1046 he was banished, and in 1054 he died.", "title": "Osgod Clapa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greater Landover was a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, during the 2000 census. The population was 22,900 at that time. As of 2007, the rough estimate given by the census was at 22,665. For the 2010 U.S. Census, the area was designated the Landover CDP.", "title": "Greater Landover, Maryland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dawn Cunningham is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Lisa Williamson. Williamson was cast as one of the original characters on \"Hollyoaks\" in 1995, and was the first member of the Cunningham family to arrive in the village, before the introduction of her family. However, she left in 1997 when the character died following a battle with leukemia.", "title": "Dawn Cunningham" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It lives in coastal northeastern Asia and mainly preys on fish and water birds. The Kamchatka Peninsula in Far Eastern Russia is known for its relatively large population of these birds. Around 4,000 of these eagles live there. Steller's sea eagle is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List of Endangered species.", "title": "Steller's sea eagle" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Living in South Ferriby, North Lincolnshire, Clark worked as a deputy headteacher. In 1982, she joined the Ecology Party, following concerns about nitrate levels in drinking water. At the 1989 European election, she stood in Humberside, taking 14% of the votes cast.", "title": "Jan Clark" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ladies Man is a 2000 American comedy film that stars actor, comedian and former \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member Tim Meadows. It was directed by Reginald Hudlin. The movie focuses on the exploits of radio host and sex therapy expert Leon Phelps, a character Meadows developed on \"SNL\". The film was a critical and financial flop.", "title": "The Ladies Man (2000 film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show.", "title": "Saturday Night Live" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presidential Reunion is an American comedy Web short directed by Ron Howard and starring \"Saturday Night Live\" cast members who parodied Presidents Ford to Obama. The skit was released onto the Funny or Die website on March 3, 2010 and received mixed to negative reviews.", "title": "Presidential Reunion" } ]	What is the population of the city where the cast member of Rough Waters lived at the time of his death?	3,792,621	[]	Title: Dawn Cunningham Passage: Dawn Cunningham is a fictional character from the British soap opera "Hollyoaks", played by Lisa Williamson. Williamson was cast as one of the original characters on "Hollyoaks" in 1995, and was the first member of the Cunningham family to arrive in the village, before the introduction of her family. However, she left in 1997 when the character died following a battle with leukemia. Title: Benched Passage: Benched is an American single-camera sitcom, created by Michaela Watkins and Damon Jones, about a high-powered corporate lawyer's fall from grace into the rough-and-tumble world of a public defender. The series stars Eliza Coupe and Jay Harrington in pivotal roles with Maria Bamford, Jolene Purdy, Carter MacIntyre and Oscar Nunez as the supporting cast. The show premiered on USA Network on October 28, 2014. Title: Kiloni Passage: Kiloni is a village the Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh state of India. This village is mostly inhabited by Jats while other castes include SCs and STs. Most of the Jats belong to Sikarwar gotra. The population of the village is about 2000. Most of the villagers use farming to earn their living. Potato is a staple crop. Because of scarcity of underground water, farming is getting tough these years. Yamuna Expressway, which will connect Noida to Taj Mahal City, Agra, passes through the fields of Kiloni village. Title: Murray Mouth Passage: Murray Mouth is the point at which the River Murray meets the Southern Ocean. The Murray Mouth's location is changeable. Historical records show that the channel out to sea moves along the sand dunes over time. At times of greater river flow and rough seas, the two bodies of water would erode the sand dunes to create a new channel leaving the old one to silt and disappear. Title: Darrell Hammond Passage: Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular cast member on "Saturday Night Live" from 1995 to 2009. Title: Jan Clark Passage: Living in South Ferriby, North Lincolnshire, Clark worked as a deputy headteacher. In 1982, she joined the Ecology Party, following concerns about nitrate levels in drinking water. At the 1989 European election, she stood in Humberside, taking 14% of the votes cast. Title: Dad's Army Passage: The Home Guard consisted of local volunteers otherwise ineligible for military service, either because of age (hence the title "Dad's Army") or by being in professions exempt from conscription. "Dad's Army" deals almost exclusively with men over military age, and featured older British actors, including Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Arnold Ridley and John Laurie. Younger members of the cast included Ian Lavender, Clive Dunn (who played the oldest guardsman, Lance Corporal Jones, despite being one of the youngest cast members), and James Beck (who died suddenly during production of the sixth series in 1973). Other regular cast members included Frank Williams as the vicar, and Bill Pertwee as the chief ARP warden. Title: Osgod Clapa Passage: Osgod Clapa (died 1054), also Osgot, was a nobleman in Anglo-Saxon England during the reigns of Kings Cnut the Great, Harold Harefoot, Harthacnut, and Edward the Confessor. His name comes from the Old Danish Asgot, the byname Clapa meaning coarse, or rough, in Old English. He was a major landowner in East Anglia during a period in which no Ealdorman was appointed to the region. He held the post of "staller", that is constable or master of the royal stables. In 1046 he was banished, and in 1054 he died. Title: Rin Tin Tin Passage: In July 1919, Duncan managed to bundle the dogs aboard a ship taking him back to the US at the end of the war. When he got to Long Island, New York, for re-entry processing, he put his dogs in the care of a Hempstead breeder named Mrs. Leo Wanner, who raised police dogs. Nanette was diagnosed with pneumonia; as a replacement, the breeder gave Duncan another female German Shepherd puppy. Duncan headed to California by rail with his dogs. While Duncan was traveling by train, Nanette died in Hempstead. As a memorial, Duncan named his new puppy Nanette II, but he called her Nanette. Duncan, Rin Tin Tin, and Nanette II settled at his home in Los Angeles. Rin Tin Tin was a dark sable color and had very dark eyes. Nanette II was much lighter in color. Title: Saturday Night Live Passage: Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show. Title: Presidential Reunion Passage: Presidential Reunion is an American comedy Web short directed by Ron Howard and starring "Saturday Night Live" cast members who parodied Presidents Ford to Obama. The skit was released onto the Funny or Die website on March 3, 2010 and received mixed to negative reviews. Title: Living Lahaina Passage: Living Lahaina is an American reality television series on MTV. The series, filmed over a three-month period on location in Lahaina (on the island of Maui, Hawaii), focused on a group of twenty-something surf instructors and their father-figure-boss at the Royal Hawaiian Surf Academy. "Living Lahaina" also followed cast members throughout travels to Indonesia, California, and Kauai. Title: Southern California Passage: Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation. Title: Ottawa Rough Riders Passage: The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded in 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s, a period in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, who own the Rough Riders intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014. Title: Rough Waters Passage: Rough Waters is a 1930 all-talking adventure drama film that directed by John Daumery and starring Rin Tin Tin. The film was adapted by James A. Starr from a story by Lillie Hayward, and was the last Rin Tin Tin film produced by Warner Bros. Title: Greater Landover, Maryland Passage: Greater Landover was a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, during the 2000 census. The population was 22,900 at that time. As of 2007, the rough estimate given by the census was at 22,665. For the 2010 U.S. Census, the area was designated the Landover CDP. Title: The Ladies Man (2000 film) Passage: The Ladies Man is a 2000 American comedy film that stars actor, comedian and former "Saturday Night Live" cast member Tim Meadows. It was directed by Reginald Hudlin. The movie focuses on the exploits of radio host and sex therapy expert Leon Phelps, a character Meadows developed on "SNL". The film was a critical and financial flop. Title: Principality of Sealand Passage: The Principality of Sealand, commonly known as Sealand, is a micronation that claims Roughs Tower, an offshore platform in the North Sea approximately off the coast of Suffolk, as its territory. Roughs Tower is a disused Maunsell Sea Fort, originally called HM Fort Roughs, built as an anti-aircraft gun platform by the British during World War II. Title: Steller's sea eagle Passage: It lives in coastal northeastern Asia and mainly preys on fish and water birds. The Kamchatka Peninsula in Far Eastern Russia is known for its relatively large population of these birds. Around 4,000 of these eagles live there. Steller's sea eagle is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List of Endangered species. Title: Anne-Marie Johnson Passage: Anne - Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on What's Happening Now!!, Aileen Lewis on Double Trouble, Althea Tibbs on In the Heat of the Night, and as a cast member on In Living Color during its final season.	[ "Rin Tin Tin", "Rough Waters", "Southern California" ]
3hop1__644924_859552_846191	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Robert \"Bobby\" Wright (born March 30, 1942 in Charleston, West Virginia) is an American country music singer. He is the middle child and the only son of country singers Johnnie Wright and Kitty Wells.", "title": "Bobby Wright" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. Amongst the key initiative is the so-called time-bounded programme countries, where child labour is most prevalent and schooling opportunities lacking. The initiative seeks to achieve amongst other things, universal primary school availability. The IPEC has expanded to at least the following target countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, El Salvador, Nepal, Tanzania, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa and Turkey.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sex Tape is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Jake Kasdan and written by Kate Angelo, Jason Segel, and Nicholas Stoller. Starring Segel, Cameron Diaz, Rob Corddry, Ellie Kemper, and Rob Lowe, the film was released on July 18, 2014, by Columbia Pictures.", "title": "Sex Tape (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zero Effect is a 1998 mystery comedy film written and directed by Jake Kasdan. It stars Bill Pullman as \"the world's most private detective\", Daryl Zero, and Ben Stiller as his assistant Steve Arlo. Its plot is loosely based on the Arthur Conan Doyle short story \"A Scandal in Bohemia\".", "title": "Zero Effect" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fishing Child (Chinese: 渔童) is a Chinese animated featurette produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is also referred to as \"\"Fisher Boy\"\".", "title": "Fishing Child" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Silverado is a 1985 American western film produced and directed by Lawrence Kasdan, written by Kasdan and his brother Mark. It stars Kevin Kline, Scott Glenn, Danny Glover and Kevin Costner. The supporting cast features Brian Dennehy, Rosanna Arquette, John Cleese, Jeff Goldblum and Linda Hunt.", "title": "Silverado (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Silverado, and its mechanically identical cousin the GMC Sierra, are a series of full-size and heavy-duty pickup trucks manufactured by General Motors and introduced in 1998 as the successor to the long-running Chevrolet C/K line. The Silverado name was taken from a trim level previously used on its predecessor, the Chevrolet C/K pickup truck from 1975 through 1998. General Motors continues to offer a GMC-badged variant of the Chevrolet full-size pickup under the GMC Sierra name, first used in 1987 for its variant of the GMT400 platform trucks.", "title": "Chevrolet Silverado" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categorizing child labour data as “highly secret”. China has enacted regulations to prevent child labour; still, the practice of child labour is reported to be a persistent problem within China, generally in agriculture and low-skill service sectors as well as small workshops and manufacturing enterprises.\nIn 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor issued a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor where China was attributed 12 goods the majority of which were produced by both underage children and indentured labourers. The report listed electronics, garments, toys and coal among other goods.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Silverado, and its mechanically identical cousin, the GMC Sierra, are a series of full - size and heavy - duty pickup trucks manufactured by General Motors and introduced in 1998 as the successor to the long - running Chevrolet C / K line. The Silverado name was taken from a trim level previously used on its predecessor, the Chevrolet C / K pickup truck from 1975 through 1998. General Motors continues to offer a GMC - badged variant of the Chevrolet full - size pickup under the GMC Sierra name, first used in 1987 for its variant of the GMT400 platform trucks.", "title": "Chevrolet Silverado" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of the major growth economies, Maplecroft ranked Philippines 25th riskiest, India 27th, China 36th, Viet Nam 37th, Indonesia 46th, and Brazil 54th - all of them rated to involve extreme risks of child labour uncertainties, to corporations seeking to invest in developing world and import products from emerging markets.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The C/K was Chevrolet's full-size pickup truck line from October 1959 until 2002 in the United States, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile. From 1959 to 1987, C/K was also the name of GMC's truck series; it switched to the name Sierra from 1988 to 1999 while sharing the C/K platform. The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930. \"C\" indicated two-wheel drive and \"K\" indicated four-wheel drive. The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed. Until this time, the names Silverado and Sierra were used to identify the trim level of the C/K trucks.", "title": "Chevrolet C/K" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Addicted\" is Ace Young's second single, after his 2006 song \"Scattered\". \"Addicted\" is the first and only single from his self-titled 2008 CD. The song was written by Desmond Child and Andreas Carlsson, who was part of the team who wrote for the Backstreet Boys. It was produced by Desmond Child.", "title": "Addicted (Ace Young song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Garbarek was born in Mysen, Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Garbarek, and a Norwegian farmer's daughter. He grew up in Oslo, stateless until the age of seven, as there was no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway at the time. When he was 21, he married Vigdis. He is the father of musician and composer Anja Garbarek.", "title": "Jan Garbarek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canadian passport Passeport canadien (French) The front cover of a Canadian e-passport (with chip). Date first issued 1862 (letter of request) 1921 (booklet) July 1, 2013 (biometric) Issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Type of document Passport Purpose Identification Eligibility requirements Canadian citizenship Expiration 5 or 10 years after acquisition for adults (age 16 years and older), and 5 years for children under 16 Cost Adult (5 years) (show) Regular: C $120 Express: C $170 Urgent: C $230 Adult (10 years) (show) Regular: C $160 Express: C $210 Urgent: C $270 Child (show) Regular: C $57 Express: C $107 Urgent: C $167", "title": "Canadian passport" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to concerns over subsidies, the cotton industries of some countries are criticized for employing child labor and damaging workers' health by exposure to pesticides used in production. The Environmental Justice Foundation has campaigned against the prevalent use of forced child and adult labor in cotton production in Uzbekistan, the world's third largest cotton exporter. The international production and trade situation has led to \"fair trade\" cotton clothing and footwear, joining a rapidly growing market for organic clothing, fair fashion or \"ethical fashion\". The fair trade system was initiated in 2005 with producers from Cameroon, Mali and Senegal.", "title": "Cotton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2006, Chevrolet released a special edition Silverado SS under the name ``Intimidator SS ''(licensed by Dale Earnhardt Inc.) to honor the late Dale Earnhardt. The truck came with several minor appearance upgrades (rear spoiler, embroidered headrests, Intimidator custom badging), but was essentially just a regular Silverado SS. Of the 1,033 scheduled trucks, only 933 were made (the remaining 100 were sold as 2007 Silverado SS`` classic'' bodystyle trucks before the 2007.5 MY changeover. These trucks were only available in Black Onyx exterior but could be ordered with cloth or leather interior. Also features -", "title": "Chevrolet Silverado" } ]	What the country of citizenship of the child of Silverado's producer?	America	[ "U.S.", "United States", "US", "the United States" ]	Title: Chevrolet Silverado Passage: The Chevrolet Silverado, and its mechanically identical cousin the GMC Sierra, are a series of full-size and heavy-duty pickup trucks manufactured by General Motors and introduced in 1998 as the successor to the long-running Chevrolet C/K line. The Silverado name was taken from a trim level previously used on its predecessor, the Chevrolet C/K pickup truck from 1975 through 1998. General Motors continues to offer a GMC-badged variant of the Chevrolet full-size pickup under the GMC Sierra name, first used in 1987 for its variant of the GMT400 platform trucks. Title: Child labour Passage: Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categorizing child labour data as “highly secret”. China has enacted regulations to prevent child labour; still, the practice of child labour is reported to be a persistent problem within China, generally in agriculture and low-skill service sectors as well as small workshops and manufacturing enterprises. In 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor issued a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor where China was attributed 12 goods the majority of which were produced by both underage children and indentured labourers. The report listed electronics, garments, toys and coal among other goods. Title: Zero Effect Passage: Zero Effect is a 1998 mystery comedy film written and directed by Jake Kasdan. It stars Bill Pullman as "the world's most private detective", Daryl Zero, and Ben Stiller as his assistant Steve Arlo. Its plot is loosely based on the Arthur Conan Doyle short story "A Scandal in Bohemia". Title: Sex Tape (film) Passage: Sex Tape is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Jake Kasdan and written by Kate Angelo, Jason Segel, and Nicholas Stoller. Starring Segel, Cameron Diaz, Rob Corddry, Ellie Kemper, and Rob Lowe, the film was released on July 18, 2014, by Columbia Pictures. Title: Cotton Passage: In addition to concerns over subsidies, the cotton industries of some countries are criticized for employing child labor and damaging workers' health by exposure to pesticides used in production. The Environmental Justice Foundation has campaigned against the prevalent use of forced child and adult labor in cotton production in Uzbekistan, the world's third largest cotton exporter. The international production and trade situation has led to "fair trade" cotton clothing and footwear, joining a rapidly growing market for organic clothing, fair fashion or "ethical fashion". The fair trade system was initiated in 2005 with producers from Cameroon, Mali and Senegal. Title: Albano Carrisi Passage: Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country. Title: Fishing Child Passage: Fishing Child (Chinese: 渔童) is a Chinese animated featurette produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is also referred to as ""Fisher Boy"". Title: Chevrolet Silverado Passage: In 2006, Chevrolet released a special edition Silverado SS under the name ``Intimidator SS ''(licensed by Dale Earnhardt Inc.) to honor the late Dale Earnhardt. The truck came with several minor appearance upgrades (rear spoiler, embroidered headrests, Intimidator custom badging), but was essentially just a regular Silverado SS. Of the 1,033 scheduled trucks, only 933 were made (the remaining 100 were sold as 2007 Silverado SS`` classic'' bodystyle trucks before the 2007.5 MY changeover. These trucks were only available in Black Onyx exterior but could be ordered with cloth or leather interior. Also features - Title: History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States Passage: Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''. Title: Addicted (Ace Young song) Passage: "Addicted" is Ace Young's second single, after his 2006 song "Scattered". "Addicted" is the first and only single from his self-titled 2008 CD. The song was written by Desmond Child and Andreas Carlsson, who was part of the team who wrote for the Backstreet Boys. It was produced by Desmond Child. Title: Bobby Wright Passage: John Robert "Bobby" Wright (born March 30, 1942 in Charleston, West Virginia) is an American country music singer. He is the middle child and the only son of country singers Johnnie Wright and Kitty Wells. Title: Silverado (film) Passage: Silverado is a 1985 American western film produced and directed by Lawrence Kasdan, written by Kasdan and his brother Mark. It stars Kevin Kline, Scott Glenn, Danny Glover and Kevin Costner. The supporting cast features Brian Dennehy, Rosanna Arquette, John Cleese, Jeff Goldblum and Linda Hunt. Title: Child labour Passage: In addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. Amongst the key initiative is the so-called time-bounded programme countries, where child labour is most prevalent and schooling opportunities lacking. The initiative seeks to achieve amongst other things, universal primary school availability. The IPEC has expanded to at least the following target countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, El Salvador, Nepal, Tanzania, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa and Turkey. Title: Citizenship Clause Passage: The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution. Title: Child labour Passage: Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of the major growth economies, Maplecroft ranked Philippines 25th riskiest, India 27th, China 36th, Viet Nam 37th, Indonesia 46th, and Brazil 54th - all of them rated to involve extreme risks of child labour uncertainties, to corporations seeking to invest in developing world and import products from emerging markets. Title: Chevrolet Silverado Passage: The Chevrolet Silverado, and its mechanically identical cousin, the GMC Sierra, are a series of full - size and heavy - duty pickup trucks manufactured by General Motors and introduced in 1998 as the successor to the long - running Chevrolet C / K line. The Silverado name was taken from a trim level previously used on its predecessor, the Chevrolet C / K pickup truck from 1975 through 1998. General Motors continues to offer a GMC - badged variant of the Chevrolet full - size pickup under the GMC Sierra name, first used in 1987 for its variant of the GMT400 platform trucks. Title: Errol Nolan Passage: Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres. Title: Canadian passport Passage: Canadian passport Passeport canadien (French) The front cover of a Canadian e-passport (with chip). Date first issued 1862 (letter of request) 1921 (booklet) July 1, 2013 (biometric) Issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Type of document Passport Purpose Identification Eligibility requirements Canadian citizenship Expiration 5 or 10 years after acquisition for adults (age 16 years and older), and 5 years for children under 16 Cost Adult (5 years) (show) Regular: C $120 Express: C $170 Urgent: C $230 Adult (10 years) (show) Regular: C $160 Express: C $210 Urgent: C $270 Child (show) Regular: C $57 Express: C $107 Urgent: C $167 Title: Chevrolet C/K Passage: The C/K was Chevrolet's full-size pickup truck line from October 1959 until 2002 in the United States, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile. From 1959 to 1987, C/K was also the name of GMC's truck series; it switched to the name Sierra from 1988 to 1999 while sharing the C/K platform. The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930. "C" indicated two-wheel drive and "K" indicated four-wheel drive. The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed. Until this time, the names Silverado and Sierra were used to identify the trim level of the C/K trucks. Title: Jan Garbarek Passage: Garbarek was born in Mysen, Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Garbarek, and a Norwegian farmer's daughter. He grew up in Oslo, stateless until the age of seven, as there was no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway at the time. When he was 21, he married Vigdis. He is the father of musician and composer Anja Garbarek.	[ "Sex Tape (film)", "Zero Effect", "Silverado (film)" ]
2hop__131023_42734	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nooitgedacht Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on the Komati River in South Africa. It was established in 1962 and serves mainly for irrigation purposes as well as municipal and industrial use. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).", "title": "Nooitgedacht Dam" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stagecoach Dam is a gravity dam on the Yampa River in Routt County, Colorado, located about south of Steamboat Springs. Built of roller-compacted concrete, the dam is high and long. The impounded water forms Stagecoach Reservoir, with a storage capacity of and a surface area of at maximum pool. The dam serves for irrigation, municipal water supply, and flood control, and it also supports a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 800 kilowatts.", "title": "Stagecoach Dam" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foldsjøen is a reservoir located on the border of Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag counties in Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Surnadal and Rindal. The lake is dammed from the Folda River and the water is used in the Trollheim power station. Slightly more elevated and directly to the south is the Gråsjøen reservoir, which is also behind a hydro-power dam.", "title": "Foldsjøen" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harper is a ghost town located in Nine Mile Canyon in the southern part of Duchesne County, Utah, United States. This stagecoach town came into existence in 1886. The nearest inhabited town is Wellington. The remaining buildings are located mostly on private property and permission must be granted before accessing them.", "title": "Harper, Utah" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cannabis in Colorado refers to cannabis (legal term marijuana) use and possession in Colorado, United States. The Colorado Amendment 64, which was passed by voters on November 6, 2012, led to legalization in January 2014. The policy has led to cannabis tourism. There are two sets of policies in Colorado relating to cannabis use: those for medicinal cannabis and for recreational drug use along with a third set of rules governing hemp.", "title": "Cannabis in Colorado" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gosling Creek Dam is a decommissioned minor earth and rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway across the Gosling Creek upstream of Orange in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. Commissioned in 1890 to supply Orange with potable water, the dam was decommissioned after the official commissioning of the Suma Park Dam in 1962. The impounded reservoir is called Gosling Creek Reservoir and is now used for recreation purposes.", "title": "Gosling Creek Dam" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wes Watkins Reservoir is a reservoir located in central Oklahoma, United States, between Oklahoma City and Shawnee (in the center of McLoud). Its primary use is recreation, especially camping and fishing.", "title": "Wes Watkins Reservoir" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Keyhole Reservoir, an impoundment of the Belle Fourche River, was formed by the Keyhole Dam project of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, completed in 1952. The reservoir has a total capacity of 334,200 acre-feet and water surface of 13,700 acres, which provides storage for irrigation, flood control, fish and wildlife conservation, recreation, sediment control, and municipal and industrial water supply. Although located in Wyoming, the reservoir's waters are allocated by compact to go 90 percent to South Dakota and 10 percent to Wyoming.", "title": "Keyhole State Park" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hydroelectric stations exist in at least 34 US states. The largest concentration of hydroelectric generation in the US is in the Columbia River basin, which in 2012 was the source of 44% of the nation's hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity projects such as Hoover Dam, Grand Coulee Dam, and the Tennessee Valley Authority have become iconic large construction projects.", "title": "Hydroelectric power in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kingsley Dam is located on the east side of Lake McConaughy in central Keith County, Nebraska, and is the second largest hydraulic fill dam in the world. It was built as part of the New Deal project. The dam is tall, long, and wide at its base. On the east side of the dam is Lake Ogallala and on the south side is the Kingsley Hydroelectricity Plant. The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District are also located in this area. Kingsley Dam, the Kingsley Hydroelectricity Plant, the Morning Glory Spillway, and the Outlet Tower – a large structure near the dam used to release water from the lake – are main visual icons of Lake McConaughy.", "title": "Kingsley Dam" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cannabis in California is permitted, subject to regulations, for both medical and recreational use. In recent decades the state has led the country in efforts to legalize cannabis, holding the first (unsuccessful) vote to decriminalize it in 1972 and, through Proposition 215, becoming the first state to legalize it for medical use in 1996. In the November 2016 election, voters passed an amendment legalizing recreational use of marijuana.", "title": "Cannabis in California" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stagecoach was the first of many Westerns that Ford shot using Monument Valley, in the American Southwest on the Arizona -- Utah border, as a location, many of which also starred John Wayne. Scenes from Stagecoach, including a famous sequence introducing John Wayne's character the Ringo Kid, blended shots of Monument Valley with shots filmed on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, RKO Encino Movie Ranch, and other locations. Similar geographic incongruencies are evident throughout the film, up to the closing scene of Ringo (Wayne) and Dallas (Trevor) departing Lordsburg, in southwestern New Mexico, by way of Monument Valley.", "title": "Stagecoach (1939 film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir hydroelectric facilities are on the Provo River in western Wasatch County, Utah, United States, about northeast of Provo. The dam is a zoned earthfill structure high with a crest length of . The dam contains 2,810,000 cubic yards (2,150,000 m³) of material and forms a reservoir of capacity. Construction began in May 1938 and was completed in 1941. The reservoir supplies water for agricultural, municipal and industrial use. Recreational activities on and around the reservoir include boating, fishing, camping, swimming and water skiing.", "title": "Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mandira dam is located near Kansbahal in Sundergarh district, Odisha, India. Currently closed for visitors for a few weeks .It is built across Sankh river, located 16 km upstream from Mandira. The water from the dam is used for Rourkela Steel Plant. Construction of the dam began after 1957. The dam displaced 2400 families and only 843 were resettled.", "title": "Mandira Dam" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keystone Lake is a reservoir in northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas and Cimarron rivers. It is located upstream about from Tulsa. It was created in 1968 when the Keystone Dam was completed. The primary purposes are: flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation.", "title": "Keystone Lake" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amistad Dam Port of Entry is a port of entry into the United States from Mexico. It was built when Amistad Dam was completed in 1969. The Dam was a bi-national effort to establish flood control on the Rio Grande and provide sources of water. Although US Department of Transportation statistics combine traffic counts with Del Rio Texas Port of Entry, approximately 65,000 vehicles crossed the dam into the US in 2005.", "title": "Amistad Dam Port of Entry" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The legal history of cannabis in the United States began with state - level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with Oregon in 1973, individual states began to liberalize cannabis laws through decriminalization. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical cannabis, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use.", "title": "Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pickwick Dam (also known as Pickwick Village) is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, Tennessee, United States. Pickwick Dam is located on the Tennessee River south of the Pickwick Landing Dam. Pickwick Dam has a post office with ZIP code 38365.", "title": "Pickwick Dam, Tennessee" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cadiz Springs State Recreation Area is a state park unit of Wisconsin, United States, featuring two reservoirs on a spring-fed creek. The creek was dammed to provide water recreation opportunities in the Driftless Area, a region with few natural lakes. The total surface area of Beckman and Zander Lakes is . The current park was created in 1980 when Cadiz Springs State Park was combined with the Browntown Wildlife Area.", "title": "Cadiz Springs State Recreation Area" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Melones Dam is an earth and rock filled embankment dam on the Stanislaus River, about west of Jamestown, California, United States, on the border of Calaveras County and Tuolumne County. The water impounded by the -tall dam forms New Melones Lake, California's fourth largest reservoir, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada east of the San Joaquin Valley. The dam serves mainly for irrigation water supply, and also provides hydropower generation, flood control, and recreation benefits.", "title": "New Melones Dam" } ]	When did it become legal to smoke pot for fun in the state where Stagecoach Dam is?	January 2014	[]	Title: Gosling Creek Dam Passage: Gosling Creek Dam is a decommissioned minor earth and rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway across the Gosling Creek upstream of Orange in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. Commissioned in 1890 to supply Orange with potable water, the dam was decommissioned after the official commissioning of the Suma Park Dam in 1962. The impounded reservoir is called Gosling Creek Reservoir and is now used for recreation purposes. Title: Hydroelectric power in the United States Passage: Hydroelectric stations exist in at least 34 US states. The largest concentration of hydroelectric generation in the US is in the Columbia River basin, which in 2012 was the source of 44% of the nation's hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity projects such as Hoover Dam, Grand Coulee Dam, and the Tennessee Valley Authority have become iconic large construction projects. Title: Stagecoach (1939 film) Passage: Stagecoach was the first of many Westerns that Ford shot using Monument Valley, in the American Southwest on the Arizona -- Utah border, as a location, many of which also starred John Wayne. Scenes from Stagecoach, including a famous sequence introducing John Wayne's character the Ringo Kid, blended shots of Monument Valley with shots filmed on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, RKO Encino Movie Ranch, and other locations. Similar geographic incongruencies are evident throughout the film, up to the closing scene of Ringo (Wayne) and Dallas (Trevor) departing Lordsburg, in southwestern New Mexico, by way of Monument Valley. Title: Foldsjøen Passage: Foldsjøen is a reservoir located on the border of Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag counties in Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Surnadal and Rindal. The lake is dammed from the Folda River and the water is used in the Trollheim power station. Slightly more elevated and directly to the south is the Gråsjøen reservoir, which is also behind a hydro-power dam. Title: Keystone Lake Passage: Keystone Lake is a reservoir in northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas and Cimarron rivers. It is located upstream about from Tulsa. It was created in 1968 when the Keystone Dam was completed. The primary purposes are: flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation. Title: Wes Watkins Reservoir Passage: Wes Watkins Reservoir is a reservoir located in central Oklahoma, United States, between Oklahoma City and Shawnee (in the center of McLoud). Its primary use is recreation, especially camping and fishing. Title: Stagecoach Dam Passage: Stagecoach Dam is a gravity dam on the Yampa River in Routt County, Colorado, located about south of Steamboat Springs. Built of roller-compacted concrete, the dam is high and long. The impounded water forms Stagecoach Reservoir, with a storage capacity of and a surface area of at maximum pool. The dam serves for irrigation, municipal water supply, and flood control, and it also supports a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 800 kilowatts. Title: Nooitgedacht Dam Passage: Nooitgedacht Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on the Komati River in South Africa. It was established in 1962 and serves mainly for irrigation purposes as well as municipal and industrial use. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3). Title: Mandira Dam Passage: Mandira dam is located near Kansbahal in Sundergarh district, Odisha, India. Currently closed for visitors for a few weeks .It is built across Sankh river, located 16 km upstream from Mandira. The water from the dam is used for Rourkela Steel Plant. Construction of the dam began after 1957. The dam displaced 2400 families and only 843 were resettled. Title: Harper, Utah Passage: Harper is a ghost town located in Nine Mile Canyon in the southern part of Duchesne County, Utah, United States. This stagecoach town came into existence in 1886. The nearest inhabited town is Wellington. The remaining buildings are located mostly on private property and permission must be granted before accessing them. Title: Cadiz Springs State Recreation Area Passage: Cadiz Springs State Recreation Area is a state park unit of Wisconsin, United States, featuring two reservoirs on a spring-fed creek. The creek was dammed to provide water recreation opportunities in the Driftless Area, a region with few natural lakes. The total surface area of Beckman and Zander Lakes is . The current park was created in 1980 when Cadiz Springs State Park was combined with the Browntown Wildlife Area. Title: Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir Passage: The Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir hydroelectric facilities are on the Provo River in western Wasatch County, Utah, United States, about northeast of Provo. The dam is a zoned earthfill structure high with a crest length of . The dam contains 2,810,000 cubic yards (2,150,000 m³) of material and forms a reservoir of capacity. Construction began in May 1938 and was completed in 1941. The reservoir supplies water for agricultural, municipal and industrial use. Recreational activities on and around the reservoir include boating, fishing, camping, swimming and water skiing. Title: Cannabis in California Passage: Cannabis in California is permitted, subject to regulations, for both medical and recreational use. In recent decades the state has led the country in efforts to legalize cannabis, holding the first (unsuccessful) vote to decriminalize it in 1972 and, through Proposition 215, becoming the first state to legalize it for medical use in 1996. In the November 2016 election, voters passed an amendment legalizing recreational use of marijuana. Title: Pickwick Dam, Tennessee Passage: Pickwick Dam (also known as Pickwick Village) is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, Tennessee, United States. Pickwick Dam is located on the Tennessee River south of the Pickwick Landing Dam. Pickwick Dam has a post office with ZIP code 38365. Title: Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States Passage: The legal history of cannabis in the United States began with state - level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with Oregon in 1973, individual states began to liberalize cannabis laws through decriminalization. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical cannabis, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use. Title: Cannabis in Colorado Passage: Cannabis in Colorado refers to cannabis (legal term marijuana) use and possession in Colorado, United States. The Colorado Amendment 64, which was passed by voters on November 6, 2012, led to legalization in January 2014. The policy has led to cannabis tourism. There are two sets of policies in Colorado relating to cannabis use: those for medicinal cannabis and for recreational drug use along with a third set of rules governing hemp. Title: Keyhole State Park Passage: The Keyhole Reservoir, an impoundment of the Belle Fourche River, was formed by the Keyhole Dam project of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, completed in 1952. The reservoir has a total capacity of 334,200 acre-feet and water surface of 13,700 acres, which provides storage for irrigation, flood control, fish and wildlife conservation, recreation, sediment control, and municipal and industrial water supply. Although located in Wyoming, the reservoir's waters are allocated by compact to go 90 percent to South Dakota and 10 percent to Wyoming. Title: New Melones Dam Passage: New Melones Dam is an earth and rock filled embankment dam on the Stanislaus River, about west of Jamestown, California, United States, on the border of Calaveras County and Tuolumne County. The water impounded by the -tall dam forms New Melones Lake, California's fourth largest reservoir, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada east of the San Joaquin Valley. The dam serves mainly for irrigation water supply, and also provides hydropower generation, flood control, and recreation benefits. Title: Amistad Dam Port of Entry Passage: The Amistad Dam Port of Entry is a port of entry into the United States from Mexico. It was built when Amistad Dam was completed in 1969. The Dam was a bi-national effort to establish flood control on the Rio Grande and provide sources of water. Although US Department of Transportation statistics combine traffic counts with Del Rio Texas Port of Entry, approximately 65,000 vehicles crossed the dam into the US in 2005. Title: Kingsley Dam Passage: Kingsley Dam is located on the east side of Lake McConaughy in central Keith County, Nebraska, and is the second largest hydraulic fill dam in the world. It was built as part of the New Deal project. The dam is tall, long, and wide at its base. On the east side of the dam is Lake Ogallala and on the south side is the Kingsley Hydroelectricity Plant. The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District are also located in this area. Kingsley Dam, the Kingsley Hydroelectricity Plant, the Morning Glory Spillway, and the Outlet Tower – a large structure near the dam used to release water from the lake – are main visual icons of Lake McConaughy.	[ "Stagecoach Dam", "Cannabis in Colorado" ]
3hop2__131826_32417_24628	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rajya Sabha (meaning the ``Council of States '') is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Karnataka elects 12 seats and they are indirectly elected by the state legislators of Karnataka. The number of seats allocated to the party are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination, and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using Single transferable vote with proportional representation.", "title": "List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgantown is a neighborhood of Burlington in central Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is located on North Carolina Highway 62, south of Glencoe.", "title": "Morgantown, Burlington, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina's party loyalties have undergone a series of important shifts in the last few years: While the 2010 midterms saw Tar Heel voters elect a bicameral Republican majority legislature for the first time in over a century, North Carolina has also become a Southern swing state in presidential races. Since Southern Democrat Jimmy Carter's comfortable victory in the state in 1976, the state had consistently leaned Republican in presidential elections until Democrat Barack Obama narrowly won the state in 2008. In the 1990s, Democrat Bill Clinton came within a point of winning the state in 1992 and also only narrowly lost the state in 1996. In the early 2000s, Republican George W. Bush easily won the state by over 12 points, but by 2008, demographic shifts, population growth, and increased liberalization in heavily populated areas such as the Research Triangle, Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville, and Asheville, propelled Barack Obama to victory in North Carolina, the first Democrat to win the state since 1976. In 2012, North Carolina was again considered a competitive swing state, with the Democrats even holding their 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. However, Republican Mitt Romney ultimately eked out a 2-point win in North Carolina, the only 2012 swing state that Obama lost, and one of only two states (along with Indiana) to flip from Obama in 2008 to the GOP in 2012.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pinewood is a town located on South Carolina Highway 261 at the southern entrance to the High Hills of Santee in Sumter County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 459 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sumter, South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Pinewood, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rajya Sabha (meaning the ``Council of States '') is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Assam elects 7 seats since 1956 and 6 seats since 1952. and they are indirectly elected by the state legislators of Assam. The number of seats allocated to the party, are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using proportional representation via Single transferable vote.", "title": "List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "February 1: Iowa caucus (both parties) February 9: New Hampshire primary (both parties) February 20: Nevada Democratic caucuses and South Carolina Republican primary February 23: Nevada Republican caucuses February 27: South Carolina Democratic primary March 1: Super Tuesday: Primaries / caucuses for both parties in several states", "title": "United States presidential primary" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) set the voting age for federal and state elections at 18 years, but does not prevent states from establishing a lower voting age. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Voter Vault is a database of voters in the United States used by the Republican Party. Construction started in the 1990s, and it was first used in 2002. By 2004 it had about 168 million entries. The Democratic Party equivalent database is Demzilla.", "title": "Voter Vault" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a reversal of alignments, since the late 1960s the Republican Party has grown more prominent within the state based on an influx of primarily white voters (the majority in the state) from the Democratic Party. By the mid-1990s, it became the state's dominant political party.", "title": "Politics of Texas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolution led to the creation of a new Constitution of the United States in 1787. with a national legislature based partly on direct elections of representatives every two years, and thus responsible to the electorate for continuance in office. Senators were not directly elected by the people until the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. Women, men who owned no property, and blacks, and others not originally given voting rights in most states eventually gained the vote through changes in state and federal law in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Until it was repealed by the Fourteenth Amendment following the Civil War, the Three - Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives relative to the voters in free states,", "title": "Representative democracy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) prevents states from setting a voting age higher than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decade of white supremacy, many people forgot that North Carolina had ever had thriving middle-class black Americans. Black citizens had no political voice in the state until after the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to enforce their constitutional rights. It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a US Representative from North Carolina.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1986, Arizona Governor Bruce Babbitt, a Democrat, created a paid state MLK holiday in Arizona by executive order just before he left office, but in 1987, his Republican successor Evan Mecham, citing an attorney general's opinion that Babbitt's order was illegal, reversed Babbitt's decision days after taking office. Later that year, Mecham proclaimed the third Sunday in January to be ``Martin Luther King Jr. / Civil Rights Day ''in Arizona, albeit as an unpaid holiday. In 1990, Arizona voters were given the opportunity to vote on giving state employees a paid MLK holiday. That same year, the National Football League threatened to move Super Bowl XXVII, which was planned for Arizona in 1993, if the MLK holiday was voted down. In the November election, the voters were offered two King Day options: Proposition 301, which replaced Columbus Day on the list of paid state holidays, and Proposition 302, which merged Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays into one paid holiday to make room for MLK Day. Both measures failed to pass, with only 49% of voters approving Prop 302, the more popular of the two options; although some who voted`` no'' on 302 voted ``yes ''on Prop 301. Consequently, the state lost the chance to host Super Bowl XXVII, which was subsequently held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. In a 1992 referendum, the voters, this time given only one option for a paid King Day, approved state - level recognition of the holiday.", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. Day" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner - dominated right - wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican, and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as head of state as a relic of British imperialism. The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on whether the then Union of South Africa should become a republic. The vote, which was restricted to whites, was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters. The Republic of South Africa was constituted on 31 May 1961.", "title": "1960 South African republic referendum" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as \"quota-preferential voting\": see Australian electoral system), with half elected every three years. In addition to the state Senators, two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory (which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands), while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory (which for this purpose includes the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators from the territories are also elected using preferential voting, but their term of office is not fixed; it starts on the day of a general election for the House of Representatives and ends on the day before the next such election.", "title": "Government of Australia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WSOE is a non-commercial student-run college radio station based at Elon University in Elon, North Carolina that broadcasts at 89.3fm. The station serves as a creative outlet for students and as a means for students to develop skills for professional broadcast careers. WSOE offers a variety of opportunities in news shows, sports broadcasting, artist interviews, and music technology. Limelight Records, Elon's student-run record label, has worked with WSOE to promote its artists through live sets and interviews on air. The station aims to promote local artists through ticket giveaways, band interviews, and playing these musicians' music over the air.", "title": "WSOE" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allocates one vote in the Congress of the Confederation (the ``United States in Congress Assembled '') to each state, which is entitled to a delegation of between two and seven members. Members of Congress are to be appointed by state legislatures. No congressman may serve more than three out of any six years.", "title": "Articles of Confederation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval.", "title": "Tennessee" } ]	In what year did voters in the state where WSOE is located, vote for the political party that dominated South Carolina's state legislature?	2008	[]	Title: Government of Australia Passage: Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as "quota-preferential voting": see Australian electoral system), with half elected every three years. In addition to the state Senators, two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory (which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands), while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory (which for this purpose includes the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators from the territories are also elected using preferential voting, but their term of office is not fixed; it starts on the day of a general election for the House of Representatives and ends on the day before the next such election. Title: List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka Passage: The Rajya Sabha (meaning the ``Council of States '') is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Karnataka elects 12 seats and they are indirectly elected by the state legislators of Karnataka. The number of seats allocated to the party are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination, and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using Single transferable vote with proportional representation. Title: List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam Passage: The Rajya Sabha (meaning the ``Council of States '') is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Assam elects 7 seats since 1956 and 6 seats since 1952. and they are indirectly elected by the state legislators of Assam. The number of seats allocated to the party, are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using proportional representation via Single transferable vote. Title: Voter Vault Passage: The Voter Vault is a database of voters in the United States used by the Republican Party. Construction started in the 1990s, and it was first used in 2002. By 2004 it had about 168 million entries. The Democratic Party equivalent database is Demzilla. Title: Morgantown, Burlington, North Carolina Passage: Morgantown is a neighborhood of Burlington in central Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is located on North Carolina Highway 62, south of Glencoe. Title: Representative democracy Passage: The American Revolution led to the creation of a new Constitution of the United States in 1787. with a national legislature based partly on direct elections of representatives every two years, and thus responsible to the electorate for continuance in office. Senators were not directly elected by the people until the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. Women, men who owned no property, and blacks, and others not originally given voting rights in most states eventually gained the vote through changes in state and federal law in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Until it was repealed by the Fourteenth Amendment following the Civil War, the Three - Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives relative to the voters in free states, Title: Politics of Texas Passage: In a reversal of alignments, since the late 1960s the Republican Party has grown more prominent within the state based on an influx of primarily white voters (the majority in the state) from the Democratic Party. By the mid-1990s, it became the state's dominant political party. Title: Articles of Confederation Passage: Allocates one vote in the Congress of the Confederation (the ``United States in Congress Assembled '') to each state, which is entitled to a delegation of between two and seven members. Members of Congress are to be appointed by state legislatures. No congressman may serve more than three out of any six years. Title: North Carolina Passage: North Carolina's party loyalties have undergone a series of important shifts in the last few years: While the 2010 midterms saw Tar Heel voters elect a bicameral Republican majority legislature for the first time in over a century, North Carolina has also become a Southern swing state in presidential races. Since Southern Democrat Jimmy Carter's comfortable victory in the state in 1976, the state had consistently leaned Republican in presidential elections until Democrat Barack Obama narrowly won the state in 2008. In the 1990s, Democrat Bill Clinton came within a point of winning the state in 1992 and also only narrowly lost the state in 1996. In the early 2000s, Republican George W. Bush easily won the state by over 12 points, but by 2008, demographic shifts, population growth, and increased liberalization in heavily populated areas such as the Research Triangle, Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville, and Asheville, propelled Barack Obama to victory in North Carolina, the first Democrat to win the state since 1976. In 2012, North Carolina was again considered a competitive swing state, with the Democrats even holding their 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. However, Republican Mitt Romney ultimately eked out a 2-point win in North Carolina, the only 2012 swing state that Obama lost, and one of only two states (along with Indiana) to flip from Obama in 2008 to the GOP in 2012. Title: 51st state Passage: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state. Title: WSOE Passage: WSOE is a non-commercial student-run college radio station based at Elon University in Elon, North Carolina that broadcasts at 89.3fm. The station serves as a creative outlet for students and as a means for students to develop skills for professional broadcast careers. WSOE offers a variety of opportunities in news shows, sports broadcasting, artist interviews, and music technology. Limelight Records, Elon's student-run record label, has worked with WSOE to promote its artists through live sets and interviews on air. The station aims to promote local artists through ticket giveaways, band interviews, and playing these musicians' music over the air. Title: 1960 South African republic referendum Passage: A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner - dominated right - wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican, and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as head of state as a relic of British imperialism. The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on whether the then Union of South Africa should become a republic. The vote, which was restricted to whites, was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters. The Republic of South Africa was constituted on 31 May 1961. Title: North Carolina Passage: In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decade of white supremacy, many people forgot that North Carolina had ever had thriving middle-class black Americans. Black citizens had no political voice in the state until after the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to enforce their constitutional rights. It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a US Representative from North Carolina. Title: United States presidential primary Passage: February 1: Iowa caucus (both parties) February 9: New Hampshire primary (both parties) February 20: Nevada Democratic caucuses and South Carolina Republican primary February 23: Nevada Republican caucuses February 27: South Carolina Democratic primary March 1: Super Tuesday: Primaries / caucuses for both parties in several states Title: Tennessee Passage: During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930. Title: Voting age Passage: The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) set the voting age for federal and state elections at 18 years, but does not prevent states from establishing a lower voting age. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.'' Title: Martin Luther King Jr. Day Passage: In 1986, Arizona Governor Bruce Babbitt, a Democrat, created a paid state MLK holiday in Arizona by executive order just before he left office, but in 1987, his Republican successor Evan Mecham, citing an attorney general's opinion that Babbitt's order was illegal, reversed Babbitt's decision days after taking office. Later that year, Mecham proclaimed the third Sunday in January to be ``Martin Luther King Jr. / Civil Rights Day ''in Arizona, albeit as an unpaid holiday. In 1990, Arizona voters were given the opportunity to vote on giving state employees a paid MLK holiday. That same year, the National Football League threatened to move Super Bowl XXVII, which was planned for Arizona in 1993, if the MLK holiday was voted down. In the November election, the voters were offered two King Day options: Proposition 301, which replaced Columbus Day on the list of paid state holidays, and Proposition 302, which merged Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays into one paid holiday to make room for MLK Day. Both measures failed to pass, with only 49% of voters approving Prop 302, the more popular of the two options; although some who voted`` no'' on 302 voted ``yes ''on Prop 301. Consequently, the state lost the chance to host Super Bowl XXVII, which was subsequently held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. In a 1992 referendum, the voters, this time given only one option for a paid King Day, approved state - level recognition of the holiday. Title: Pinewood, South Carolina Passage: Pinewood is a town located on South Carolina Highway 261 at the southern entrance to the High Hills of Santee in Sumter County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 459 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sumter, South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Voting age Passage: The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) prevents states from setting a voting age higher than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''	[ "North Carolina", "Charleston, South Carolina", "WSOE" ]
2hop__123093_633817	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doug Naysmith was born in Musselburgh, Scotland, and attended the local Burgh School before attending the independent George Heriot's School in Edinburgh. He went on to study at the University of Edinburgh where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology before going on to complete a Doctorate in Immunology. He went on to research at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, USA.", "title": "Doug Naysmith" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Horne graduated from the University of Louisville in 1983. While attending the school he was accepted as to the fraternity of Phi Kappa Tau which has famous alumni such as actor Paul Newman and Senator Mitch McConnell. He was the first member of his family to graduate college.", "title": "Andrew Horne" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dewey William Johnson (March 14, 1899 – September 18, 1941) was an American lawyer and politician from Minnesota. Johnson was born in Minneapolis and attended the local public schools, followed by the University of Minnesota and William Mitchell College of Law (then the YMCA Law School).", "title": "Dewey Johnson" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marvin Earl \"Pete\" Center (April 22, 1912 – August 8, 2004) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in 77 Major League games over all or part of four seasons (1942–1943; 1945–1946) for the Cleveland Indians. A native of Hazel Green, Kentucky, the , Center attended Morehead State University.", "title": "Pete Center" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dangerous Crossing is a 1953 black-and-white film noir mystery film, directed by Joseph M. Newman and starring Jeanne Crain and Michael Rennie, based on the 1943 play \"Cabin B-13\" by John Dickson Carr. The plot of the film centers on the gaslighting of a female protagonist aboard a cruise vessel.", "title": "Dangerous Crossing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Mardon graduated in 1985 with a major in cultural geography from the University of Lethbridge. He became a graduate student at South Dakota State University, where he also attended the Space Studies Program, and received a master's of science in 1988. He also received a master's degree in education from Texas A&M University in 1990. After he was diagnosed with schizophrenia, he earned a Ph.D from Greenwich University. He has done work on other degrees from Newman Theological College, Kharkov National University, and the University of South Africa. He received an honorary law degree (LL.D.) from the University of Alberta in 2011.", "title": "Austin Mardon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show remained in syndicated reruns and was still available for local television stations through The Program Exchange as late as 2016; WBBZ - TV, for instance, aired the show in a strip to counterprogram 10 PM newscasts in the Buffalo, New York market during the summer 2013 season. The underlying rights are now owned by Universal Pictures, which holds the library of predecessor companies DreamWorks Animation and Classic Media, and who in turn with copyright holder Ward Productions forms the joint venture Bullwinkle Studios, which manages the Rocky and Bullwinkle properties; Universal's purchase of Classic Media coincided with The Program Exchange's shutdown.", "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Immediately following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Silent Vigil (also shortened to the Vigil) was a social protest at Duke University that not only demanded collective bargaining rights for AFSCME Local 77, the labor union for nonacademic employees, but also advocated against racial discrimination on campus and in the surrounding community of Durham, North Carolina. Occurring from April 4, 1968, to April 12, 1968, members of the University Christian Movement began planning a campus-wide vigil in memoriam of Dr. King. Another group of undergraduate students called for a protest march to address prevalent issues concerning the primarily African-American nonacademic employees at Duke in Local 77. Together, both student groups, along with the support of Local 77, most of the teaching faculty, and civilians not affiliated with the university, sparked a non-violent demonstration that involved over 2,000 participants, making it the largest in Duke's history.", "title": "Silent Vigil at Duke University" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doc Hudson Hornet is the town's medical doctor and a local judge, voiced actor Paul Newman in the first film and its video game and Corey Burton in all other related media. He is modeled after a 1951 Hudson Hornet. He did not appear in the second film, as it is implied that Doc died.", "title": "List of Cars characters" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delos Hight Brown (October 4, 1892 – December 21, 1964) was a Major League Baseball player for the Chicago White Sox. He was born in Anna, Illinois, and attended Millikin University. In 1914, he became captain of the Millikin baseball team and led them to a conference championship. He was then signed by the White Sox.", "title": "Delos Brown" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.", "title": "Yale University" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Newman Ivey White (1892–1948) was a professor of English at Duke University. He was born February 3, 1892 in Statesville, North Carolina. He was a noted Shelley scholar, as well as a collector of American folklore, including folk songs and Duke limericks. He served as Professor of English at Trinity College and Duke University from 1919 to 1948.** A professorship at Duke has been named in his honor.", "title": "Newman Ivey White" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aspirin, an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid, is a white, crystalline, weakly acidic substance, with a melting point of 136 °C (277 °F), and a boiling point of 140 °C (284 °F). Its acid dissociation constant (pKa) is 3.5 at 25 °C (77 °F).", "title": "Aspirin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 3 April 2018, Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 77 districts. It has 753 local units. There are 6 metropolises, 11 sub-metropolises, 276 municipal councils, and 460 village councils for official works. The constitution grants 22 absolute powers to the local units while they share 15 more powers with the central and state governments.", "title": "Nepal" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Nellie Quander entered Howard University, only 1/3 of 1% of African Americans and 5% of whites attended any college. While enrolled at Howard University, Quander also taught students at the Garrison School in Washington D.C.'s public school system. In June 1912, Nellie graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude, in history, economics, and political science.", "title": "Nellie Quander" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Texas State Highway Spur 77 or Spur 77 is a spur road maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) connecting the University of Texas at Austin's McDonald Observatory complex atop Mt. Fowlkes to Spur 78 from Fort Davis. The road is long and is located within Jeff Davis County.", "title": "Texas State Highway Spur 77" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Think It's Going to Rain Today ''(or`` I Think It's Gonna Rain Today'') is a song by Randy Newman. It appears on his 1968 debut album Randy Newman, in The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 1 (2003), and in Newman's official and bootleg live albums. It is one of his most covered songs.", "title": "I Think It's Going to Rain Today" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melissa Newman was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of American actors Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman, and the sister of Nell Newman. She was born on the same day her parents' film \"Paris Blues\" was released in the U.S.", "title": "Melissa Newman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Memphis sanitation strike began in February 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. Following years of poor pay and dangerous working conditions, and provoked by the crushing to death of workers Echol Cole and Robert Walker in garbage compactors, over 700 of the 1300 black sanitation workers met on Sunday, February 11, and agreed to strike. They then did not turn out for work on the following day. They also sought to join the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Local 1733. The sanitation strike was also the reason for Martin Luther King Jr.'s presence in Memphis, where he was assassinated.", "title": "Memphis sanitation strike" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Abbott The Young and the Restless character Portrayed by Holden and Ryan Hare Duration 2012 -- First appearance April 9, 2012 Created by Maria Arena Bell Hogan Sheffer Scott Hamner Profile Other names John Abbott IV Residence Genoa City, Wisconsin (show) Family Family Abbott, Newman Father Billy Abbott Mother Chelsea Lawson Adoptive mother Victoria Newman Half - brothers Connor Newman Reed Hellstrom (adoptive) Half - sisters Eve Nicole Howard (adoptive) Delia Abbott Katie Newman Grandfathers John Abbott Jeffrey Bardwell Victor Newman (adoptive) Grandmothers Jill Abbott Anita Lawson Nikki Newman (adoptive) Uncles Jack Abbott Phillip Chancellor III Nicholas Newman (adoptive) Dylan McAvoy (adoptive) John Abbott III (adoptive) Adam Newman (adoptive) Aunts Traci Abbott Connelly Abby Newman (adoptive) First cousins Keemo Volien Abbott Kyle Abbott Chance Chancellor Colleen Carlton Noah Newman (adoptive) Connor Newman (adoptive) Cassie Newman (adoptive) Summer Newman (adoptive) Faith Newman (adoptive) Christian Newman (adoptive)", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless characters (2012)" } ]	What kind of organization is AFSCME Local 77 in the university where Newman Ivey White attended?	labor union	[ "union" ]	Title: Andrew Horne Passage: Andrew Horne graduated from the University of Louisville in 1983. While attending the school he was accepted as to the fraternity of Phi Kappa Tau which has famous alumni such as actor Paul Newman and Senator Mitch McConnell. He was the first member of his family to graduate college. Title: Delos Brown Passage: Delos Hight Brown (October 4, 1892 – December 21, 1964) was a Major League Baseball player for the Chicago White Sox. He was born in Anna, Illinois, and attended Millikin University. In 1914, he became captain of the Millikin baseball team and led them to a conference championship. He was then signed by the White Sox. Title: List of Cars characters Passage: Doc Hudson Hornet is the town's medical doctor and a local judge, voiced actor Paul Newman in the first film and its video game and Corey Burton in all other related media. He is modeled after a 1951 Hudson Hornet. He did not appear in the second film, as it is implied that Doc died. Title: Memphis sanitation strike Passage: The Memphis sanitation strike began in February 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. Following years of poor pay and dangerous working conditions, and provoked by the crushing to death of workers Echol Cole and Robert Walker in garbage compactors, over 700 of the 1300 black sanitation workers met on Sunday, February 11, and agreed to strike. They then did not turn out for work on the following day. They also sought to join the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Local 1733. The sanitation strike was also the reason for Martin Luther King Jr.'s presence in Memphis, where he was assassinated. Title: Dewey Johnson Passage: Dewey William Johnson (March 14, 1899 – September 18, 1941) was an American lawyer and politician from Minnesota. Johnson was born in Minneapolis and attended the local public schools, followed by the University of Minnesota and William Mitchell College of Law (then the YMCA Law School). Title: Newman Ivey White Passage: Newman Ivey White (1892–1948) was a professor of English at Duke University. He was born February 3, 1892 in Statesville, North Carolina. He was a noted Shelley scholar, as well as a collector of American folklore, including folk songs and Duke limericks. He served as Professor of English at Trinity College and Duke University from 1919 to 1948.** A professorship at Duke has been named in his honor. Title: I Think It's Going to Rain Today Passage: ``I Think It's Going to Rain Today ''(or`` I Think It's Gonna Rain Today'') is a song by Randy Newman. It appears on his 1968 debut album Randy Newman, in The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 1 (2003), and in Newman's official and bootleg live albums. It is one of his most covered songs. Title: Doug Naysmith Passage: Doug Naysmith was born in Musselburgh, Scotland, and attended the local Burgh School before attending the independent George Heriot's School in Edinburgh. He went on to study at the University of Edinburgh where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology before going on to complete a Doctorate in Immunology. He went on to research at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Title: Austin Mardon Passage: Dr. Mardon graduated in 1985 with a major in cultural geography from the University of Lethbridge. He became a graduate student at South Dakota State University, where he also attended the Space Studies Program, and received a master's of science in 1988. He also received a master's degree in education from Texas A&M University in 1990. After he was diagnosed with schizophrenia, he earned a Ph.D from Greenwich University. He has done work on other degrees from Newman Theological College, Kharkov National University, and the University of South Africa. He received an honorary law degree (LL.D.) from the University of Alberta in 2011. Title: Aspirin Passage: Aspirin, an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid, is a white, crystalline, weakly acidic substance, with a melting point of 136 °C (277 °F), and a boiling point of 140 °C (284 °F). Its acid dissociation constant (pKa) is 3.5 at 25 °C (77 °F). Title: Nellie Quander Passage: When Nellie Quander entered Howard University, only 1/3 of 1% of African Americans and 5% of whites attended any college. While enrolled at Howard University, Quander also taught students at the Garrison School in Washington D.C.'s public school system. In June 1912, Nellie graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude, in history, economics, and political science. Title: Yale University Passage: Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election. Title: Dangerous Crossing Passage: Dangerous Crossing is a 1953 black-and-white film noir mystery film, directed by Joseph M. Newman and starring Jeanne Crain and Michael Rennie, based on the 1943 play "Cabin B-13" by John Dickson Carr. The plot of the film centers on the gaslighting of a female protagonist aboard a cruise vessel. Title: List of The Young and the Restless characters (2012) Passage: Johnny Abbott The Young and the Restless character Portrayed by Holden and Ryan Hare Duration 2012 -- First appearance April 9, 2012 Created by Maria Arena Bell Hogan Sheffer Scott Hamner Profile Other names John Abbott IV Residence Genoa City, Wisconsin (show) Family Family Abbott, Newman Father Billy Abbott Mother Chelsea Lawson Adoptive mother Victoria Newman Half - brothers Connor Newman Reed Hellstrom (adoptive) Half - sisters Eve Nicole Howard (adoptive) Delia Abbott Katie Newman Grandfathers John Abbott Jeffrey Bardwell Victor Newman (adoptive) Grandmothers Jill Abbott Anita Lawson Nikki Newman (adoptive) Uncles Jack Abbott Phillip Chancellor III Nicholas Newman (adoptive) Dylan McAvoy (adoptive) John Abbott III (adoptive) Adam Newman (adoptive) Aunts Traci Abbott Connelly Abby Newman (adoptive) First cousins Keemo Volien Abbott Kyle Abbott Chance Chancellor Colleen Carlton Noah Newman (adoptive) Connor Newman (adoptive) Cassie Newman (adoptive) Summer Newman (adoptive) Faith Newman (adoptive) Christian Newman (adoptive) Title: Texas State Highway Spur 77 Passage: Texas State Highway Spur 77 or Spur 77 is a spur road maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) connecting the University of Texas at Austin's McDonald Observatory complex atop Mt. Fowlkes to Spur 78 from Fort Davis. The road is long and is located within Jeff Davis County. Title: Silent Vigil at Duke University Passage: Immediately following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Silent Vigil (also shortened to the Vigil) was a social protest at Duke University that not only demanded collective bargaining rights for AFSCME Local 77, the labor union for nonacademic employees, but also advocated against racial discrimination on campus and in the surrounding community of Durham, North Carolina. Occurring from April 4, 1968, to April 12, 1968, members of the University Christian Movement began planning a campus-wide vigil in memoriam of Dr. King. Another group of undergraduate students called for a protest march to address prevalent issues concerning the primarily African-American nonacademic employees at Duke in Local 77. Together, both student groups, along with the support of Local 77, most of the teaching faculty, and civilians not affiliated with the university, sparked a non-violent demonstration that involved over 2,000 participants, making it the largest in Duke's history. Title: Nepal Passage: As of 3 April 2018, Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 77 districts. It has 753 local units. There are 6 metropolises, 11 sub-metropolises, 276 municipal councils, and 460 village councils for official works. The constitution grants 22 absolute powers to the local units while they share 15 more powers with the central and state governments. Title: Pete Center Passage: Marvin Earl "Pete" Center (April 22, 1912 – August 8, 2004) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in 77 Major League games over all or part of four seasons (1942–1943; 1945–1946) for the Cleveland Indians. A native of Hazel Green, Kentucky, the , Center attended Morehead State University. Title: Melissa Newman Passage: Melissa Newman was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of American actors Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman, and the sister of Nell Newman. She was born on the same day her parents' film "Paris Blues" was released in the U.S. Title: The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends Passage: The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show remained in syndicated reruns and was still available for local television stations through The Program Exchange as late as 2016; WBBZ - TV, for instance, aired the show in a strip to counterprogram 10 PM newscasts in the Buffalo, New York market during the summer 2013 season. The underlying rights are now owned by Universal Pictures, which holds the library of predecessor companies DreamWorks Animation and Classic Media, and who in turn with copyright holder Ward Productions forms the joint venture Bullwinkle Studios, which manages the Rocky and Bullwinkle properties; Universal's purchase of Classic Media coincided with The Program Exchange's shutdown.	[ "Silent Vigil at Duke University", "Newman Ivey White" ]
2hop__89295_43057	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 American mystery drama film directed by Norman Jewison. It is based on John Ball's 1965 novel of the same name and tells the story of Virgil Tibbs, a black police detective from Philadelphia, who becomes involved in a murder investigation in a small town in Mississippi. The movie changes various details found in the book from relatively minor ones (in the book, Tibbs is a police officer in California) to more major (basic details of the murder, including the victim, are different). It stars Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, and was produced by Walter Mirisch. The screenplay was by Stirling Silliphant.", "title": "In the Heat of the Night (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest - lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years.", "title": "New Mexico Territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was a pilot for a projected ninety-minute TV series to be called \"The Barbarians\" (as it would cover the whole length of the book) which was never picked and got theatrical release out of the US. The film was first released as \"Rivak the Barbarian\" or \"The Barbarians\". \"Revak the Rebel\" was filmed on location in Italy and it cost NBC $750,000, making it the most expensive pilot ever produced (at the time). The film has been released on DVD as \"Revak the Rebel\" by Sinister Cinema, a company specializing on B movies, Z movies, peplums and similar productions.", "title": "Revak the Rebel" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kladeos is a community in Elis in Greece. It is part of the municipality of Olympia. It is 4 km northeast of Olympia and 5 km south of Kryoneri.", "title": "Kladeos, Elis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Forgot is a lost 1917 silent film directed by Emile Chautard and starring Robert Warwick. This movie is an adaptation of the book of the same name by James Hay.", "title": "The Man Who Forgot (1917 film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stereoscopic 3D television was demonstrated for the first time on 10 August 1928, by John Logie Baird in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electro - mechanical and cathode - ray tube techniques. The first 3D TV was produced in 1935, and stereoscopic 3D still cameras for personal use had already become fairly common by the Second World War. Many 3D movies were produced for theatrical release in the US during the 1950s just when television started to become popular. The first such movie was Bwana Devil from United Artists that could be seen all across the US in 1952. One year later, in 1953, came the 3D movie House of Wax which also featured stereophonic sound. Alfred Hitchcock produced his film Dial M for Murder in 3D, but for the purpose of maximizing profits the movie was released in 2D because not all cinemas were able to display 3D films. In 1946 the Soviet Union also developed 3D films, with Robinzon Kruzo being its first full - length 3D movie. People were excited to view the 3D movies, but were put off by their poor quality. Because of this, their popularity declined quickly. There was another attempt in the 1970s and 80s to make 3D movies more mainstream with the releases of Friday the 13th Part III (1982) and Jaws 3 - D (1983). 3D showings became more popular throughout the 2000s, culminating in the success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009 and January 2010.", "title": "3D television" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Night Monster is a 1942 American black-and-white horror film featuring Bela Lugosi and produced and distributed by Universal Pictures Company. The movie uses an original story and screenplay by Clarence Upson Young and was produced and directed by Ford Beebe. For box office value, star billing was given to Bela Lugosi and Lionel Atwill, but the lead roles were played by Ralph Morgan, Irene Hervey and Don Porter, with Atwill in a character role as a pompous doctor who becomes a victim to the title character, and Lugosi in a small part as a butler.", "title": "Night Monster" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ansel Adams: A Documentary Film is a 2002 documentary and biographical film that traces the life of the American photographer Ansel Adams. He is most noted for his landscape images of the American West. The film is narrated by David Ogden Stiers and features the voices of Josh Hamilton, Barbara Feldon, and Eli Wallach. It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series \"American Experience\".", "title": "Ansel Adams: A Documentary Film" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glass Geishas is a 2012 thriller novel by English author Susanna Quinn and was released on 1 June 2012 by Hodder & Stoughton. The book primarily focuses on a young English girl that becomes part of the Japanese hostess and sex industry. Of the novel, Quinn stated that she used her experiences as a hostess in Japan as inspiration for the book.", "title": "Glass Geishas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jennie Project is a Disney Channel Original Movie that was released in the summer of 2001. The film was based on the book \"Jennie\" by Douglas Preston. The movie is about a chimpanzee who knows and uses American Sign Language to communicate.", "title": "The Jennie Project" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Battle of the Brides also known as \"Cô dâu đại chiến\" is a 2011 Vietnamese comedy film directed by Victor Vu, produced by Saiga Films and Vietnam Studio, in association with Galaxy Studios, Phuong Nam Phim, Saigon Movies Media and HK Films. Battle of the Brides was released on January 28, 2011 in Vietnam and broke box office records, becoming the country’s highest grossing movie of all time. However, in the United States the movie was a Box office bomb, just grossing only $64,572.", "title": "Battle of the Brides" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aakasmika (English: \"Unexpected\") is a 1993 Indian Kannada action - drama movie directed by T. S. Nagabharana. The film stars DR Rajkumar, Geetha and Madhavi in lead roles. The film was based on Ta Ra Su's trilogy \"Aakasmika – Aparadhi – Parinama\" thereby becoming the second Kannada movie to be based on three novels, the first being 1973 movie \"Naagarahaavu\" which incidentally was based on three novels of the same writer.", "title": "Aakasmika" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Mere Sapno Ki Rani ''is a popular Hindi song from the 1969 Bollywood movie Aradhana. The song was composed by Sachin Dev Burman and performed by Kishore Kumar. In the film, Rajesh Khanna, the male protagonist, sings the song atop an open jeep virtually chasing the heroine, Sharmila Tagore, who was aboard the toy train in Darjeeling (Darjeeling Himalayan Railway). R.D. Burman composed the song after his father, S.D. Burman, became too ill to finish the film's music. The song became a superhit in India. Many other versions of this song were made such as the song`` Atha Dilisena Hiru'' by famous Sri Lankan singer H.R. Jothipala The song was re-used in the Tamil film, Eli (2015).", "title": "Mere Sapno Ki Rani" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sins of the Fleshapoids is a 1965 underground film directed by Mike Kuchar. It is a low-budget, campy sci-fi movie about an android revolt a million years in the future after humans have become too lazy and selfish to take care of themselves. The film was a major influence on cult director John Waters who has said that \"Sins of the Fleshapoids\" \"really shows what an underground movie was.\"", "title": "Sins of the Fleshapoids" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Thousand Splendid Suns was released on May 22, 2007, and received favorable prepublication reviews from Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, and Booklist, becoming a number one New York Times bestseller for fifteen weeks following its release. During its first week on the market, it sold over one million copies. Columbia Pictures purchased film rights in 2007 and confirmed intentions to create a movie adaption of the book. The first theatrical adaptation of the book premiered on February 1, 2017, at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, California.", "title": "A Thousand Splendid Suns" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nagamandala is a movie based on folk tales spread in North Karnataka, India. The movie portrays lifestyle, food habits, and routine habits of medieval period in Karnataka. Snakes are considered sacred and are feared and worshipped. North Karnataka dialect is used for conversation. Supernatural elements play a central part in the film.", "title": "Nagamandala" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In May 2007, Columbia Pictures and Warner Bros. signed the Hughes brothers to direct The Book of Eli, based on a script by Gary Whitta. (The brothers had last directed the 2001 film From Hell.) Subsequently, Anthony Peckham rewrote the script, and in September 2008 Denzel Washington won the lead role. The following October, Gary Oldman was cast to star alongside Washington. Principal photography began in February 2009 and took place in New Mexico. Alcon Entertainment financed the film and co-produced with Silver Pictures.", "title": "The Book of Eli" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song was used as the closing track to the 1990 movie Three Men and a Little Lady, and the single was re-released as a movie tie - in, with a new picture sleeve featuring the actors of the film. It peaked at # 76 in the UK.", "title": "Waiting for a Star to Fall" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alice in Wonderland is a 1903 British silent film directed by Cecil Hepworth and Percy Stow. Only one copy of the original film is known to exist. The British Film Institute (BFI) partially restored the movie and its original film tinting and released it in 2010. According to BFI, the original film ran about 12 minutes; the restoration runs 9 minutes and 35 seconds. At the beginning of the restoration, it states that this is the first movie adaptation of Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1903 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Actor Leonardo DiCaprio is planning to make a new movie with Warner Bros., citing The Twilight Zone as his favorite TV series. Unlike the first film, which was an anthology feature, it will be a big - budget, SFX - laden continuous story possibly based on classic episodes of the series such as ``The Eye of the Beholder '',`` To Serve Man'', or any of the 92 scripts written by Rod Serling, to which Warner Bros. owns the rights. One plot leaked from the script tells about a pilot who time - travels 96 years into the future. Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was signed in 2011 to direct the movie, but left in 2012 to direct Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. On August 16, 2013, Joseph Kosinski was announced to direct. The studio hired Aron Eli Coleite to pen the screenplay for the film and will not be an anthology but use various elements from the Twilight Zone universe. In June 2017, Christine Lavaf was hired to pen the script.", "title": "The Twilight Zone" } ]	When did the state where the movie book of eli was filmed become part of the us?	January 6, 1912	[]	Title: Glass Geishas Passage: Glass Geishas is a 2012 thriller novel by English author Susanna Quinn and was released on 1 June 2012 by Hodder & Stoughton. The book primarily focuses on a young English girl that becomes part of the Japanese hostess and sex industry. Of the novel, Quinn stated that she used her experiences as a hostess in Japan as inspiration for the book. Title: The Book of Eli Passage: In May 2007, Columbia Pictures and Warner Bros. signed the Hughes brothers to direct The Book of Eli, based on a script by Gary Whitta. (The brothers had last directed the 2001 film From Hell.) Subsequently, Anthony Peckham rewrote the script, and in September 2008 Denzel Washington won the lead role. The following October, Gary Oldman was cast to star alongside Washington. Principal photography began in February 2009 and took place in New Mexico. Alcon Entertainment financed the film and co-produced with Silver Pictures. Title: A Thousand Splendid Suns Passage: A Thousand Splendid Suns was released on May 22, 2007, and received favorable prepublication reviews from Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, and Booklist, becoming a number one New York Times bestseller for fifteen weeks following its release. During its first week on the market, it sold over one million copies. Columbia Pictures purchased film rights in 2007 and confirmed intentions to create a movie adaption of the book. The first theatrical adaptation of the book premiered on February 1, 2017, at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, California. Title: 3D television Passage: Stereoscopic 3D television was demonstrated for the first time on 10 August 1928, by John Logie Baird in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electro - mechanical and cathode - ray tube techniques. The first 3D TV was produced in 1935, and stereoscopic 3D still cameras for personal use had already become fairly common by the Second World War. Many 3D movies were produced for theatrical release in the US during the 1950s just when television started to become popular. The first such movie was Bwana Devil from United Artists that could be seen all across the US in 1952. One year later, in 1953, came the 3D movie House of Wax which also featured stereophonic sound. Alfred Hitchcock produced his film Dial M for Murder in 3D, but for the purpose of maximizing profits the movie was released in 2D because not all cinemas were able to display 3D films. In 1946 the Soviet Union also developed 3D films, with Robinzon Kruzo being its first full - length 3D movie. People were excited to view the 3D movies, but were put off by their poor quality. Because of this, their popularity declined quickly. There was another attempt in the 1970s and 80s to make 3D movies more mainstream with the releases of Friday the 13th Part III (1982) and Jaws 3 - D (1983). 3D showings became more popular throughout the 2000s, culminating in the success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009 and January 2010. Title: Alice in Wonderland (1903 film) Passage: Alice in Wonderland is a 1903 British silent film directed by Cecil Hepworth and Percy Stow. Only one copy of the original film is known to exist. The British Film Institute (BFI) partially restored the movie and its original film tinting and released it in 2010. According to BFI, the original film ran about 12 minutes; the restoration runs 9 minutes and 35 seconds. At the beginning of the restoration, it states that this is the first movie adaptation of Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Title: Night Monster Passage: Night Monster is a 1942 American black-and-white horror film featuring Bela Lugosi and produced and distributed by Universal Pictures Company. The movie uses an original story and screenplay by Clarence Upson Young and was produced and directed by Ford Beebe. For box office value, star billing was given to Bela Lugosi and Lionel Atwill, but the lead roles were played by Ralph Morgan, Irene Hervey and Don Porter, with Atwill in a character role as a pompous doctor who becomes a victim to the title character, and Lugosi in a small part as a butler. Title: Mere Sapno Ki Rani Passage: ``Mere Sapno Ki Rani ''is a popular Hindi song from the 1969 Bollywood movie Aradhana. The song was composed by Sachin Dev Burman and performed by Kishore Kumar. In the film, Rajesh Khanna, the male protagonist, sings the song atop an open jeep virtually chasing the heroine, Sharmila Tagore, who was aboard the toy train in Darjeeling (Darjeeling Himalayan Railway). R.D. Burman composed the song after his father, S.D. Burman, became too ill to finish the film's music. The song became a superhit in India. Many other versions of this song were made such as the song`` Atha Dilisena Hiru'' by famous Sri Lankan singer H.R. Jothipala The song was re-used in the Tamil film, Eli (2015). Title: Battle of the Brides Passage: Battle of the Brides also known as "Cô dâu đại chiến" is a 2011 Vietnamese comedy film directed by Victor Vu, produced by Saiga Films and Vietnam Studio, in association with Galaxy Studios, Phuong Nam Phim, Saigon Movies Media and HK Films. Battle of the Brides was released on January 28, 2011 in Vietnam and broke box office records, becoming the country’s highest grossing movie of all time. However, in the United States the movie was a Box office bomb, just grossing only $64,572. Title: Sins of the Fleshapoids Passage: Sins of the Fleshapoids is a 1965 underground film directed by Mike Kuchar. It is a low-budget, campy sci-fi movie about an android revolt a million years in the future after humans have become too lazy and selfish to take care of themselves. The film was a major influence on cult director John Waters who has said that "Sins of the Fleshapoids" "really shows what an underground movie was." Title: Ansel Adams: A Documentary Film Passage: Ansel Adams: A Documentary Film is a 2002 documentary and biographical film that traces the life of the American photographer Ansel Adams. He is most noted for his landscape images of the American West. The film is narrated by David Ogden Stiers and features the voices of Josh Hamilton, Barbara Feldon, and Eli Wallach. It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series "American Experience". Title: The Twilight Zone Passage: Actor Leonardo DiCaprio is planning to make a new movie with Warner Bros., citing The Twilight Zone as his favorite TV series. Unlike the first film, which was an anthology feature, it will be a big - budget, SFX - laden continuous story possibly based on classic episodes of the series such as ``The Eye of the Beholder '',`` To Serve Man'', or any of the 92 scripts written by Rod Serling, to which Warner Bros. owns the rights. One plot leaked from the script tells about a pilot who time - travels 96 years into the future. Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was signed in 2011 to direct the movie, but left in 2012 to direct Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. On August 16, 2013, Joseph Kosinski was announced to direct. The studio hired Aron Eli Coleite to pen the screenplay for the film and will not be an anthology but use various elements from the Twilight Zone universe. In June 2017, Christine Lavaf was hired to pen the script. Title: The Man Who Forgot (1917 film) Passage: The Man Who Forgot is a lost 1917 silent film directed by Emile Chautard and starring Robert Warwick. This movie is an adaptation of the book of the same name by James Hay. Title: In the Heat of the Night (film) Passage: In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 American mystery drama film directed by Norman Jewison. It is based on John Ball's 1965 novel of the same name and tells the story of Virgil Tibbs, a black police detective from Philadelphia, who becomes involved in a murder investigation in a small town in Mississippi. The movie changes various details found in the book from relatively minor ones (in the book, Tibbs is a police officer in California) to more major (basic details of the murder, including the victim, are different). It stars Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, and was produced by Walter Mirisch. The screenplay was by Stirling Silliphant. Title: Waiting for a Star to Fall Passage: The song was used as the closing track to the 1990 movie Three Men and a Little Lady, and the single was re-released as a movie tie - in, with a new picture sleeve featuring the actors of the film. It peaked at # 76 in the UK. Title: Aakasmika Passage: Aakasmika (English: "Unexpected") is a 1993 Indian Kannada action - drama movie directed by T. S. Nagabharana. The film stars DR Rajkumar, Geetha and Madhavi in lead roles. The film was based on Ta Ra Su's trilogy "Aakasmika – Aparadhi – Parinama" thereby becoming the second Kannada movie to be based on three novels, the first being 1973 movie "Naagarahaavu" which incidentally was based on three novels of the same writer. Title: The Jennie Project Passage: The Jennie Project is a Disney Channel Original Movie that was released in the summer of 2001. The film was based on the book "Jennie" by Douglas Preston. The movie is about a chimpanzee who knows and uses American Sign Language to communicate. Title: Revak the Rebel Passage: The film was a pilot for a projected ninety-minute TV series to be called "The Barbarians" (as it would cover the whole length of the book) which was never picked and got theatrical release out of the US. The film was first released as "Rivak the Barbarian" or "The Barbarians". "Revak the Rebel" was filmed on location in Italy and it cost NBC $750,000, making it the most expensive pilot ever produced (at the time). The film has been released on DVD as "Revak the Rebel" by Sinister Cinema, a company specializing on B movies, Z movies, peplums and similar productions. Title: Nagamandala Passage: Nagamandala is a movie based on folk tales spread in North Karnataka, India. The movie portrays lifestyle, food habits, and routine habits of medieval period in Karnataka. Snakes are considered sacred and are feared and worshipped. North Karnataka dialect is used for conversation. Supernatural elements play a central part in the film. Title: New Mexico Territory Passage: The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest - lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years. Title: Kladeos, Elis Passage: Kladeos is a community in Elis in Greece. It is part of the municipality of Olympia. It is 4 km northeast of Olympia and 5 km south of Kryoneri.	[ "New Mexico Territory", "The Book of Eli" ]
2hop__107017_159106	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlton Sherwood, the producer of \"Stolen Honor\" is a Vietnam War veteran who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1980 for his work for the Gannett News Service. His appointments to several positions by Republican politicians has been cited as evidence of partisan bias and his journalism has been criticized. In 1983 he was responsible for a four-part series on a Washington DC television station which charged the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund with misspending—if not stealing—donated money. The following year, after a GAO audit and threats of a lawsuit, the station broadcast a retraction. \"Inquisition\", his investigation of the 1982 tax fraud prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon (leader of the Unification Church) was published in 1991. The following year the PBS documentary series \"Frontline\" reported that James Gavin, an aide to Moon, had reviewed the \"overall tone and factual contents\" of the manuscript and that Sherwood had agreed to his revisions. Sherwood denied that the Unification Church exerted editorial control over the book.", "title": "Stolen Honor" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "What Ever Happened to Baby Toto? () is a 1964 Italian black comedy film written and directed by Ottavio Alessi. It is a parody of Robert Aldrich's \"What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?\".", "title": "What Ever Happened to Baby Toto?" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "What Happened Don't Lie is the debut album from Melbourne band Offcutts. It is the first full-length release following seven EPs over five years.", "title": "What Happened Don't Lie" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cross-Country Romance is a 1940 American romantic comedy film starring Gene Raymond and Wendy Barrie. With the huge success of \"It Happened One Night\", the 1934 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra and starring Claudette Colbert and Clark Gable, every studio in Hollywood attempted to cash in with a similar storyline. In addition to this film, there was also \"Love on the Run\" (1936) from MGM, \"The Bride Came C.O.D.\" (1941) by Warner Bros.; even Columbia Pictures, which had made \"It Happened One Night\", produced the musical remake \"Eve Knew Her Apples\" (1945).", "title": "Cross-Country Romance" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language.", "title": "Malaysia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nesty \"La Mente Maestra\" (born Ernesto F. Padilla on September 5, 1973) is a Puerto Rican reggaeton music producer. He was closely associated with reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel and reggaeton producer Victor \"El Nasi\".", "title": "Nesty (producer)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Corrigan \"Jonathan\" Wells (born 1942) is an American biologist, author, and advocate of the pseudoscientific argument of intelligent design. Wells joined the Unification Church in 1974, and subsequently wrote that the teachings of church founder Sun Myung Moon, his own studies at the Unification Theological Seminary and his prayers convinced him to devote his life to \"destroying Darwinism.\" The term \"Darwinism\" is often used by intelligent design proponents and other creationists to refer to the scientific consensus on evolution. He gained a PhD in religious studies at Yale University in 1986, then became Director of the Unification Church’s inter-religious outreach organization in New York City. In 1989, he studied at the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a PhD in molecular and cellular biology in 1994. He became a member of several scientific associations and has published in academic journals.", "title": "Jonathan Wells (intelligent design advocate)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The time spans of chrons are randomly distributed with most being between 0.1 and 1 million years with an average of 450,000 years. Most reversals are estimated to take between 1,000 and 10,000 years. The latest one, the Brunhes -- Matuyama reversal, occurred 780,000 years ago, and may have happened very quickly, within a human lifetime.", "title": "Geomagnetic reversal" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Azem Bejta (1889–1924), commonly known as Azem Galica, was an Albanian nationalist and rebel who fought for the unification of Kosovo with Albania.", "title": "Azem Galica" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Switzerland joining the Schengen Treaty in March 2009, the air side was rearranged to include a Schengen and non-Schengen zone. As border control is staffed by both Swiss and French border officers, passengers departing to or arriving from non-Schengen countries may receive either a Swiss or French passport stamp, depending on which officer they happen to approach.", "title": "EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khalifa Bin Yousef was a statesman who played a significant role in the unification of The United Arab Emirates and in the economic and political life of the time in the Persian Gulf.", "title": "Khalifa Bin Yousef" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The election result led to a crisis for the POUM as well as for most parties to the left of the PCE, from which it was not able to recover. The POUM continued to exist as a small party with an office in Barcelona and a monthly newspaper, \"La Batalla\", calling for cooperation among the various far-left parties, but an attempted merger with Communist Action and the Collective for Marxist Unification failed during a \"Unification Congress\" in 1978. After this setback, the POUM decided not to participate in the 1979 elections. POUM branches in several cities became part of local coalitions and unification attempts with various far-left groups. In 1980, the POUM made its last electoral efforts, supporting Herri Batasuna in the Basque country and participating in the Left Bloc for National Liberation (BEAN - Unitat Popular) coalition in the Catalan parliamentary election, but the party was disintegrating. \"La Batalla\" ceased publication in May 1980, marking the end of the POUM as an organized party, though it was never officially dissolved. As a last remnant, the Valencia branch remained active until 1981.", "title": "POUM" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Royden Dickey Lipscomb (born September 21, 1936), known professionally as Dickey Lee (sometimes misspelled Dickie Lee or Dicky Lee), is an American pop / country singer and songwriter, best known for the 1960s teenage tragedy songs ``Patches ''and`` Laurie (Strange Things Happen).''", "title": "Dickey Lee" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"A Woman in Love\" is a song written by Curtis Wright and Doug Millett, and recorded by American country music singer Ronnie Milsap. It was released in September 1989 as the third single from the album \"Stranger Things Have Happened\". It was his last song to reach number one on the U.S. country singles chart.", "title": "A Woman in Love (Ronnie Milsap song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Nasi kerabu\" is very popular in the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia such as Kelantan and Terengganu, and now can be found throughout Malaysia as well as in southern Thailand where it is known as \"khao yam\" (, ).", "title": "Nasi kerabu" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Jin Moon is the former president of the Unification Church of the United States and a daughter of Unification Church founder Reverend Sun Myung Moon and his wife Hak Ja Han. Moon was born in South Korea in 1965 and moved with her family to the United States in 1973. She studied political science and philosophy at Columbia University and pursued her graduate studies at Harvard Divinity School. In the 1980s, Moon spoke at public rallies in support of her father who was convicted of tax fraud by the United States government.", "title": "In Jin Moon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Rungwe is a potentially active volcano in the Mbeya Region of the southern highlands of Tanzania. At an altitude of , it is southern Tanzania's second highest peak. Rungwe stands at the junction of the eastern and western arms of the East African Rift. It dominates the mountainous country at the north-west end of the trough that contains Lake Nyasa. The southeastern slopes of these mountains receive up to of rainfall a year, the highest rainfall in Tanzania. The slopes are covered with a belt of tropical montane forest. Above the treeline, at about , there is a belt of heathland. Much of the mountain was listed as a Forest Reserve as early as 1949. The last volcanic eruption probably happened a few hundred years ago.", "title": "Mount Rungwe" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Sirtori (17 April 1813 – 18 September 1874) was an Italian soldier, patriot and politician who fought in the unification of Italy.", "title": "Giuseppe Sirtori" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ducasse de Mons or Doudou is a popular festival that happens every year on Trinity Sunday (57 days after Easter) in the town of Mons in Belgium. It is recognised as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity since November 2005.", "title": "Ducasse de Mons" } ]	In what year was the unification of the country that eats Nasi kerabu?	1963	[]	Title: Azem Galica Passage: Azem Bejta (1889–1924), commonly known as Azem Galica, was an Albanian nationalist and rebel who fought for the unification of Kosovo with Albania. Title: Dickey Lee Passage: Royden Dickey Lipscomb (born September 21, 1936), known professionally as Dickey Lee (sometimes misspelled Dickie Lee or Dicky Lee), is an American pop / country singer and songwriter, best known for the 1960s teenage tragedy songs ``Patches ''and`` Laurie (Strange Things Happen).'' Title: In Jin Moon Passage: In Jin Moon is the former president of the Unification Church of the United States and a daughter of Unification Church founder Reverend Sun Myung Moon and his wife Hak Ja Han. Moon was born in South Korea in 1965 and moved with her family to the United States in 1973. She studied political science and philosophy at Columbia University and pursued her graduate studies at Harvard Divinity School. In the 1980s, Moon spoke at public rallies in support of her father who was convicted of tax fraud by the United States government. Title: Malaysia Passage: Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language. Title: Ducasse de Mons Passage: The Ducasse de Mons or Doudou is a popular festival that happens every year on Trinity Sunday (57 days after Easter) in the town of Mons in Belgium. It is recognised as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity since November 2005. Title: POUM Passage: The election result led to a crisis for the POUM as well as for most parties to the left of the PCE, from which it was not able to recover. The POUM continued to exist as a small party with an office in Barcelona and a monthly newspaper, "La Batalla", calling for cooperation among the various far-left parties, but an attempted merger with Communist Action and the Collective for Marxist Unification failed during a "Unification Congress" in 1978. After this setback, the POUM decided not to participate in the 1979 elections. POUM branches in several cities became part of local coalitions and unification attempts with various far-left groups. In 1980, the POUM made its last electoral efforts, supporting Herri Batasuna in the Basque country and participating in the Left Bloc for National Liberation (BEAN - Unitat Popular) coalition in the Catalan parliamentary election, but the party was disintegrating. "La Batalla" ceased publication in May 1980, marking the end of the POUM as an organized party, though it was never officially dissolved. As a last remnant, the Valencia branch remained active until 1981. Title: Khalifa Bin Yousef Passage: Khalifa Bin Yousef was a statesman who played a significant role in the unification of The United Arab Emirates and in the economic and political life of the time in the Persian Gulf. Title: Mount Rungwe Passage: Mount Rungwe is a potentially active volcano in the Mbeya Region of the southern highlands of Tanzania. At an altitude of , it is southern Tanzania's second highest peak. Rungwe stands at the junction of the eastern and western arms of the East African Rift. It dominates the mountainous country at the north-west end of the trough that contains Lake Nyasa. The southeastern slopes of these mountains receive up to of rainfall a year, the highest rainfall in Tanzania. The slopes are covered with a belt of tropical montane forest. Above the treeline, at about , there is a belt of heathland. Much of the mountain was listed as a Forest Reserve as early as 1949. The last volcanic eruption probably happened a few hundred years ago. Title: Nasi kerabu Passage: "Nasi kerabu" is very popular in the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia such as Kelantan and Terengganu, and now can be found throughout Malaysia as well as in southern Thailand where it is known as "khao yam" (, ). Title: Nesty (producer) Passage: Nesty "La Mente Maestra" (born Ernesto F. Padilla on September 5, 1973) is a Puerto Rican reggaeton music producer. He was closely associated with reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel and reggaeton producer Victor "El Nasi". Title: What Happened Don't Lie Passage: What Happened Don't Lie is the debut album from Melbourne band Offcutts. It is the first full-length release following seven EPs over five years. Title: Cross-Country Romance Passage: Cross-Country Romance is a 1940 American romantic comedy film starring Gene Raymond and Wendy Barrie. With the huge success of "It Happened One Night", the 1934 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra and starring Claudette Colbert and Clark Gable, every studio in Hollywood attempted to cash in with a similar storyline. In addition to this film, there was also "Love on the Run" (1936) from MGM, "The Bride Came C.O.D." (1941) by Warner Bros.; even Columbia Pictures, which had made "It Happened One Night", produced the musical remake "Eve Knew Her Apples" (1945). Title: Geomagnetic reversal Passage: The time spans of chrons are randomly distributed with most being between 0.1 and 1 million years with an average of 450,000 years. Most reversals are estimated to take between 1,000 and 10,000 years. The latest one, the Brunhes -- Matuyama reversal, occurred 780,000 years ago, and may have happened very quickly, within a human lifetime. Title: Jonathan Wells (intelligent design advocate) Passage: John Corrigan "Jonathan" Wells (born 1942) is an American biologist, author, and advocate of the pseudoscientific argument of intelligent design. Wells joined the Unification Church in 1974, and subsequently wrote that the teachings of church founder Sun Myung Moon, his own studies at the Unification Theological Seminary and his prayers convinced him to devote his life to "destroying Darwinism." The term "Darwinism" is often used by intelligent design proponents and other creationists to refer to the scientific consensus on evolution. He gained a PhD in religious studies at Yale University in 1986, then became Director of the Unification Church’s inter-religious outreach organization in New York City. In 1989, he studied at the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a PhD in molecular and cellular biology in 1994. He became a member of several scientific associations and has published in academic journals. Title: EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg Passage: With Switzerland joining the Schengen Treaty in March 2009, the air side was rearranged to include a Schengen and non-Schengen zone. As border control is staffed by both Swiss and French border officers, passengers departing to or arriving from non-Schengen countries may receive either a Swiss or French passport stamp, depending on which officer they happen to approach. Title: Stolen Honor Passage: Carlton Sherwood, the producer of "Stolen Honor" is a Vietnam War veteran who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1980 for his work for the Gannett News Service. His appointments to several positions by Republican politicians has been cited as evidence of partisan bias and his journalism has been criticized. In 1983 he was responsible for a four-part series on a Washington DC television station which charged the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund with misspending—if not stealing—donated money. The following year, after a GAO audit and threats of a lawsuit, the station broadcast a retraction. "Inquisition", his investigation of the 1982 tax fraud prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon (leader of the Unification Church) was published in 1991. The following year the PBS documentary series "Frontline" reported that James Gavin, an aide to Moon, had reviewed the "overall tone and factual contents" of the manuscript and that Sherwood had agreed to his revisions. Sherwood denied that the Unification Church exerted editorial control over the book. Title: Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Passage: Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team. Title: A Woman in Love (Ronnie Milsap song) Passage: "A Woman in Love" is a song written by Curtis Wright and Doug Millett, and recorded by American country music singer Ronnie Milsap. It was released in September 1989 as the third single from the album "Stranger Things Have Happened". It was his last song to reach number one on the U.S. country singles chart. Title: Giuseppe Sirtori Passage: Giuseppe Sirtori (17 April 1813 – 18 September 1874) was an Italian soldier, patriot and politician who fought in the unification of Italy. Title: What Ever Happened to Baby Toto? Passage: What Ever Happened to Baby Toto? () is a 1964 Italian black comedy film written and directed by Ottavio Alessi. It is a parody of Robert Aldrich's "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?".	[ "Malaysia", "Nasi kerabu" ]
2hop__121614_222887	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ross Leckie attended Drumtochty Castle Preparatory School and Fettes College; at Fettes he gained his interest in classical literature. He studied classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was also President of the Junior Common Room.", "title": "Ross Leckie" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the baseball team.", "title": "Gene Hiser" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonia Maury attended Vassar College, graduating in 1887 with honors in physics, astronomy, and philosophy. There, she studied under the tutelage of renowned astronomer Maria Mitchell.", "title": "Antonia Maury" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus.", "title": "Centre Daily Times" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "title": "Class reunion" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doc Powell is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He was born and raised in Spring Valley, New York. He attended college at University of Charleston.", "title": "Doc Powell" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Copenhagen University Library (Danish: Københavns Universitetsbibliotek) in Copenhagen, Denmark, is the main research library of the University of Copenhagen. Founded in 1482, it is the oldest library in Denmark.", "title": "Copenhagen University Library" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Torben Bernhard (born March 5, 1983) is an American documentary filmmaker and rap artist originally from Kalamazoo, Michigan, and currently residing in Orem, Utah. Bernhard has written and directed documentary films and has additionally worked as a producer and cinematographer. He is part of the OHO Media film collective with his wife Marissa Bernhard and frequent collaborator Travis Low.", "title": "Torben Bernhard" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Igerna Sollas was born 16 March 1877 in the town of Dawlish at Devon, the daughter of geologist William Johnson Sollas and his first wife Helen. She received an early education at Alexandra School and College in Dublin, and then attended Newnham College, Cambridge on a Gilchrist scholarship in 1897, where she took first class honours in both part I and part II of the Natural Sciences Tripos exam, completing a zoology degree in 1901. She held the position of lecturer in zoology at Newnham from 1903 to 1913, save for the period 1904 to 1906 when she was a Newnham college research fellow.", "title": "Igerna Sollas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steven Roy Gerber (September 28, 1948 – May 28, 2015) was an American composer of classical music. He attended Haverford College, graduating in 1969 at the age of twenty. He then attended Princeton University with a fellowship to study musical composition.", "title": "Steven Gerber" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birgit Grodal (24 June 1943 - 4 May 2004), was an economics professor at the University of Copenhagen from 1968 until her death in 2004.", "title": "Birgit Grodal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phuti Mahanyele left Johannesburg, South Africa at age 17 to attend Douglass College (part of Rutgers University) in the United States. She graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Economics in 1993. In 1996 she earned an MBA from De Montfort University. In 2008, Mahanyele completed Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government executive education program \"Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century\".", "title": "Phuti Mahanyele" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Becky Wahlstrom (born April 25, 1975) is an American actress. She attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in England for her college years.", "title": "Becky Wahlstrom" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "High Grass Circus is a 1976 National Film Board of Canada documentary film co-directed by Tony Ianzelo and Torben Schioler, exploring life in the Royal Brothers' traveling circus. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.", "title": "High Grass Circus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atherstone was the son of William Guybon Atherstone (medical practitioner, naturalist, geologist and MP) and was born in Grahamstown on 20 June 1843, he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown and King's College London where he qualified as a civil engineer.", "title": "Guybon Atherstone" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stephen Bann CBE, FBA (born 1 August 1942 in Manchester, England) is the Emeritus Professor of History of Art at the University of Bristol. He attended Winchester College and King's College, Cambridge, attaining his PhD in 1967.", "title": "Stephen Bann" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "title": "Henry Thacker" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of \"War Boy\" and \"What We Do Is Secret\", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University.", "title": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Torben Grodal is an author and professor emeritus of Film and Media studies at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. Grodal was born on 25 January 1943 in Holbæk, Denmark.", "title": "Torben Grodal" } ]	The main research library at the college Torben Grodal attended is known as what?	Copenhagen University Library	[]	Title: Steven Gerber Passage: Steven Roy Gerber (September 28, 1948 – May 28, 2015) was an American composer of classical music. He attended Haverford College, graduating in 1969 at the age of twenty. He then attended Princeton University with a fellowship to study musical composition. Title: Torben Bernhard Passage: Torben Bernhard (born March 5, 1983) is an American documentary filmmaker and rap artist originally from Kalamazoo, Michigan, and currently residing in Orem, Utah. Bernhard has written and directed documentary films and has additionally worked as a producer and cinematographer. He is part of the OHO Media film collective with his wife Marissa Bernhard and frequent collaborator Travis Low. Title: Phuti Mahanyele Passage: Phuti Mahanyele left Johannesburg, South Africa at age 17 to attend Douglass College (part of Rutgers University) in the United States. She graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Economics in 1993. In 1996 she earned an MBA from De Montfort University. In 2008, Mahanyele completed Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government executive education program "Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century". Title: Stephen Bann Passage: Stephen Bann CBE, FBA (born 1 August 1942 in Manchester, England) is the Emeritus Professor of History of Art at the University of Bristol. He attended Winchester College and King's College, Cambridge, attaining his PhD in 1967. Title: Igerna Sollas Passage: Igerna Sollas was born 16 March 1877 in the town of Dawlish at Devon, the daughter of geologist William Johnson Sollas and his first wife Helen. She received an early education at Alexandra School and College in Dublin, and then attended Newnham College, Cambridge on a Gilchrist scholarship in 1897, where she took first class honours in both part I and part II of the Natural Sciences Tripos exam, completing a zoology degree in 1901. She held the position of lecturer in zoology at Newnham from 1903 to 1913, save for the period 1904 to 1906 when she was a Newnham college research fellow. Title: Guybon Atherstone Passage: Atherstone was the son of William Guybon Atherstone (medical practitioner, naturalist, geologist and MP) and was born in Grahamstown on 20 June 1843, he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown and King's College London where he qualified as a civil engineer. Title: Torben Grodal Passage: Torben Grodal is an author and professor emeritus of Film and Media studies at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. Grodal was born on 25 January 1943 in Holbæk, Denmark. Title: Thorn Kief Hillsbery Passage: Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of "War Boy" and "What We Do Is Secret", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University. Title: High Grass Circus Passage: High Grass Circus is a 1976 National Film Board of Canada documentary film co-directed by Tony Ianzelo and Torben Schioler, exploring life in the Royal Brothers' traveling circus. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Title: Ross Leckie Passage: Ross Leckie attended Drumtochty Castle Preparatory School and Fettes College; at Fettes he gained his interest in classical literature. He studied classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was also President of the Junior Common Room. Title: Henry Thacker Passage: Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin. Title: Birgit Grodal Passage: Birgit Grodal (24 June 1943 - 4 May 2004), was an economics professor at the University of Copenhagen from 1968 until her death in 2004. Title: Copenhagen University Library Passage: The Copenhagen University Library (Danish: Københavns Universitetsbibliotek) in Copenhagen, Denmark, is the main research library of the University of Copenhagen. Founded in 1482, it is the oldest library in Denmark. Title: Antonia Maury Passage: Antonia Maury attended Vassar College, graduating in 1887 with honors in physics, astronomy, and philosophy. There, she studied under the tutelage of renowned astronomer Maria Mitchell. Title: Gene Hiser Passage: He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the baseball team. Title: Maurice Canning Wilks Passage: Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA). Title: Class reunion Passage: A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet. Title: Centre Daily Times Passage: The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus. Title: Becky Wahlstrom Passage: Becky Wahlstrom (born April 25, 1975) is an American actress. She attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in England for her college years. Title: Doc Powell Passage: Doc Powell is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He was born and raised in Spring Valley, New York. He attended college at University of Charleston.	[ "Copenhagen University Library", "Torben Grodal" ]
3hop1__4880_656113_40239	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Pel-Air Westwind ditching or Norfolk Island ditching was an aircraft accident on 18 November 2009 near Norfolk Island, Australia. A Westwind II jet operated by Pel-Air was conducting an air ambulance flight for CareFlight International when it was forced to ditch after being unable to land in bad weather and not having sufficient fuel to divert to an alternate destination.", "title": "2009 Pel-Air Westwind ditching" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whitehorse/Cousins Airport is an unpaved airstrip located in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, northwest of the city centre between the Alaska Highway and the Yukon River. This airport has no services at all, and is used primarily as an emergency landing area and for local pilot training. Vehicles enter via Cousins Access Road. The airport was built to support the Alaska Highway construction and the Northwest Staging Route.", "title": "Whitehorse/Cousins Airport" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oral Ak Zhol Airport (, \"Aqjol halyqaralyq áýejaıy\", اقجول حالىقارالىق أۋەجايى; formerly known as Uralsk Ak Zhol and Podstepnyy during the Soviet era) is an airport in Kazakhstan located southeast of Oral (Uralsk). The airport is located south of the Ural (Oral) River. It is a small airport servicing medium-sized airliners. It has parking for 4 jets. This airport has two terminals – domestic and international. The airport also serves the nearby town of Aksai, which provides the majority of Ak Zhol passenger traffic, being the \"capital\" of the gas industry in West Kazakhstan. In the past, a weekly international charter flight was operated by Astraeus Airlines from Oral to London Gatwick/London Stansted; this was subsequently operated by Air Astana to Amsterdam; however the route was terminated, along with other Air Astana flights, due to the poor condition of the runway. The airport runway and facilities were inspected by Mott MacDonald to confirm that its substandard condition prevented the airport from accommodating larger jet aircraft. On 17 April 2013 the decision was made to transfer the airport's ownership back to the government for runway reconstruction.", "title": "Oral Ak Zhol Airport" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aria Air Flight 1525 was a scheduled Iranian domestic flight which crashed on landing at Mashhad International Airport, Mashhad, Iran, on 24 July 2009.", "title": "Aria Air Flight 1525" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lae Airfield is a former World War II airfield and later, civilian airport located at Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The airport was closed in the 1980s, in favour of Lae Nadzab Airport, which was able to accommodate larger jet aircraft. The airport was known as Lae Drome or Lae Aerodrome", "title": "Lae Airfield" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "TWC Aviation, Inc., now owned by Landmark Aviation, is an international business aviation company with operations centers at San Jose International Airport, in San Jose, California, Van Nuys Airport in Los Angeles, and Westchester County Airport, in White Plains, New York.", "title": "TWC Aviation, Inc." }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 15 December 1989, KLM Flight 867, en route from Amsterdam to Narita International Airport Tokyo, was forced to make an emergency landing at Anchorage International Airport Alaska when all four engines failed. The Boeing 747-400 combi, less than six months old at the time, flew through a thick cloud of volcanic ash from Mount Redoubt, which had erupted the day before.", "title": "KLM Flight 867" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saginaw Seaplane Base is a privately owned public-use seaplane base located at Saginaw Bay, Alaska. As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 418 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2010, an increase of 27% from the 330 enplanements in 2009.", "title": "Saginaw Seaplane Base" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kegworth air disaster occurred when British Midland Flight 92, a Boeing 737-400, crashed onto the motorway embankment between the M1 motorway and A453 road near Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989.", "title": "Kegworth air disaster" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oskemen (Kazakh: Өскемен, romanized: Óskemen) or Ust-Kamenogorsk (Russian: Усть-Каменого́рск) is the administrative center of East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is served by Oskemen Airport. Population: 303,720 (2009 Census results); 310,950 (1999 Census results).", "title": "Oskemen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oakland County International Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located in Waterford Township, Oakland County, Michigan, United States. The airport is located approximately 1 mile from the center of Waterford Township and Oakland County. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non primary commercial service facility.", "title": "Oakland County International Airport" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bangkok Airways Flight 266 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Krabi Airport to Samui Airport, Thailand. On 4 August 2009, the aircraft overran the runway on landing and crashed into an old and unmanned control tower. 1 pilot died and 41 others were injured.", "title": "Bangkok Airways Flight 266" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kegworth air disaster occurred when a Boeing 737 - 400 crashed on to the embankment of the M1 motorway near Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989.", "title": "Kegworth air disaster" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beica Airport is an airport in Beica (or Begi), Ethiopia . Located at an elevation of 1649 meters above sea level, this airport has one unpaved runway 1331 meters long. At present (2009), it is abandoned.", "title": "Beica Airport" } ]	What is the population of the city that has the airport that Schwarzenegger's jet was forced to make an 2009 emergency landing at?	3,792,621	[]	Title: Arnold Schwarzenegger Passage: Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident. Title: Saginaw Seaplane Base Passage: Saginaw Seaplane Base is a privately owned public-use seaplane base located at Saginaw Bay, Alaska. As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 418 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2010, an increase of 27% from the 330 enplanements in 2009. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Oskemen Passage: Oskemen (Kazakh: Өскемен, romanized: Óskemen) or Ust-Kamenogorsk (Russian: Усть-Каменого́рск) is the administrative center of East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is served by Oskemen Airport. Population: 303,720 (2009 Census results); 310,950 (1999 Census results). Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: TWC Aviation, Inc. Passage: TWC Aviation, Inc., now owned by Landmark Aviation, is an international business aviation company with operations centers at San Jose International Airport, in San Jose, California, Van Nuys Airport in Los Angeles, and Westchester County Airport, in White Plains, New York. Title: Kegworth air disaster Passage: The Kegworth air disaster occurred when British Midland Flight 92, a Boeing 737-400, crashed onto the motorway embankment between the M1 motorway and A453 road near Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989. Title: Kegworth air disaster Passage: The Kegworth air disaster occurred when a Boeing 737 - 400 crashed on to the embankment of the M1 motorway near Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989. Title: Oakland County International Airport Passage: Oakland County International Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located in Waterford Township, Oakland County, Michigan, United States. The airport is located approximately 1 mile from the center of Waterford Township and Oakland County. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non primary commercial service facility. Title: Oral Ak Zhol Airport Passage: Oral Ak Zhol Airport (, "Aqjol halyqaralyq áýejaıy", اقجول حالىقارالىق أۋەجايى; formerly known as Uralsk Ak Zhol and Podstepnyy during the Soviet era) is an airport in Kazakhstan located southeast of Oral (Uralsk). The airport is located south of the Ural (Oral) River. It is a small airport servicing medium-sized airliners. It has parking for 4 jets. This airport has two terminals – domestic and international. The airport also serves the nearby town of Aksai, which provides the majority of Ak Zhol passenger traffic, being the "capital" of the gas industry in West Kazakhstan. In the past, a weekly international charter flight was operated by Astraeus Airlines from Oral to London Gatwick/London Stansted; this was subsequently operated by Air Astana to Amsterdam; however the route was terminated, along with other Air Astana flights, due to the poor condition of the runway. The airport runway and facilities were inspected by Mott MacDonald to confirm that its substandard condition prevented the airport from accommodating larger jet aircraft. On 17 April 2013 the decision was made to transfer the airport's ownership back to the government for runway reconstruction. Title: Aria Air Flight 1525 Passage: Aria Air Flight 1525 was a scheduled Iranian domestic flight which crashed on landing at Mashhad International Airport, Mashhad, Iran, on 24 July 2009. Title: Beica Airport Passage: Beica Airport is an airport in Beica (or Begi), Ethiopia . Located at an elevation of 1649 meters above sea level, this airport has one unpaved runway 1331 meters long. At present (2009), it is abandoned. Title: Lae Airfield Passage: Lae Airfield is a former World War II airfield and later, civilian airport located at Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The airport was closed in the 1980s, in favour of Lae Nadzab Airport, which was able to accommodate larger jet aircraft. The airport was known as Lae Drome or Lae Aerodrome Title: Whitehorse/Cousins Airport Passage: Whitehorse/Cousins Airport is an unpaved airstrip located in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, northwest of the city centre between the Alaska Highway and the Yukon River. This airport has no services at all, and is used primarily as an emergency landing area and for local pilot training. Vehicles enter via Cousins Access Road. The airport was built to support the Alaska Highway construction and the Northwest Staging Route. Title: 2009 Pel-Air Westwind ditching Passage: The 2009 Pel-Air Westwind ditching or Norfolk Island ditching was an aircraft accident on 18 November 2009 near Norfolk Island, Australia. A Westwind II jet operated by Pel-Air was conducting an air ambulance flight for CareFlight International when it was forced to ditch after being unable to land in bad weather and not having sufficient fuel to divert to an alternate destination. Title: Bangkok Airways Flight 266 Passage: Bangkok Airways Flight 266 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Krabi Airport to Samui Airport, Thailand. On 4 August 2009, the aircraft overran the runway on landing and crashed into an old and unmanned control tower. 1 pilot died and 41 others were injured. Title: KLM Flight 867 Passage: On 15 December 1989, KLM Flight 867, en route from Amsterdam to Narita International Airport Tokyo, was forced to make an emergency landing at Anchorage International Airport Alaska when all four engines failed. The Boeing 747-400 combi, less than six months old at the time, flew through a thick cloud of volcanic ash from Mount Redoubt, which had erupted the day before. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Southern California Passage: Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation. Title: Portugal Passage: Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.	[ "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "TWC Aviation, Inc.", "Southern California" ]
3hop1__525523_819131_52356	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy ''(sometimes titled`` The Little Drummer Boy / Peace on Earth'') is a Christmas song with an added counterpoint performed by David Bowie and Bing Crosby. ``The Little Drummer Boy ''is a Christmas song written in 1941, while the`` Peace on Earth'' tune and lyrics, written by Ian Fraser, Larry Grossman, and Alan Kohan, were added to the song specially for Bowie and Crosby's recording.", "title": "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.", "title": "The Times" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nuansa Pagi (lit. \"Morning Nuance\") is the first morning newscast ever produced by a private television station in Indonesia. \"Nuansa Pagi\" was introduced by RCTI at 17 January 1993 as Buletin Pagi ('Morning Bulletin') before it evolved to go nationwide on 24 August 1993 as Nuansa Pagi ('Morning Nuance') and since then has become one of the strongest morning shows in the country, according to Nielsen Media Research, Nuansa Pagi was also carried by RCTI's then sister station SCTV (1993-1996).", "title": "Nuansa Pagi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eighty Years' War (; ) or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg against Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands. After the initial stages, Philip II deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebelling provinces. Under the leadership of the exiled William the Silent, the northern provinces continued their resistance. They eventually were able to oust the Habsburg armies, and in 1581 they established the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The war continued in other areas, although the heartland of the republic was no longer threatened; this included the beginnings of the Dutch Colonial Empire, which at the time were conceived as carrying overseas the war with Spain. The Dutch Republic was recognized by Spain and the major European powers in 1609 at the start of the Twelve Years' Truce. Hostilities broke out again around 1619, as part of the broader Thirty Years' War. An end was reached in 1648 with the Peace of Münster (a treaty part of the Peace of Westphalia), when the Dutch Republic was definitively recognised as an independent country no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Peace of Münster is sometimes considered the beginning of the Dutch Golden Age.", "title": "Eighty Years' War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously. The United States regards Israel as its \"most reliable partner in the Middle East,\" based on \"common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests\". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process. The United States and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The United States has provided $68 billion in military assistance and $32 billion in grants to Israel since 1967, under the Foreign Assistance Act (period beginning 1962), more than any other country for that period until 2003.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Annapolis Conference was a Middle East peace conference held on 27 November 2007, at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. The conference aimed to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process and implement the \"\"Roadmap for peace\"\". The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties. After the Annapolis Conference, the negotiations were continued.", "title": "Annapolis Conference" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cara Elizabeth Dillon (born 21 July 1975, Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish folk singer. In 1995, she joined the folk supergroup Equation and signed a record deal with Warners Music Group. After leaving the group, she collaborated with Sam Lakeman under the name Polar Star. In 2001, she released her first solo album, \"Cara Dillon\", which featured traditional songs and two original Dillon\\Lakeman compositions. The album was an unexpected hit in the folk world, with Dillon receiving four nominations at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards.", "title": "Cara Dillon" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"After the Morning\" is the third solo album from folk artist Cara Dillon. It was recorded at their home studio in Frome, Somerset, Mayfair, Kore, Amberville and Sun Street Studios. The strings and brass were recorded in Prague. Similar to her previous albums, \"After the Morning\" was produced by Sam Lakeman, her husband and musical partner. Additional production was by Mike 'Spike' Drake, who also mixed the album. The album features the singles \"Never in a Million Years\", and the double A-side of \"I Wish You Well\" and \"This Time\".", "title": "After the Morning (Cara Dillon album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Forum for Peace and Reconciliation () was a forum established by the government of Ireland in October 1994 as part of the Northern Ireland peace process.", "title": "Forum for Peace and Reconciliation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Good Morning, Miami is a sitcom which ran from 2002 to 2004 on NBC. Created by David Kohan and Max Mutchnick, the show focused on the personal and professional life of Jake, the executive producer of the lowest-rated morning show in the country, based in Miami.", "title": "Good Morning, Miami" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) is a stochastic process algebra designed for modelling computer and communication systems introduced by Jane Hillston in the 1990s. The language extends classical process algebras such as Milner's CCS and Hoare's CSP by introducing probabilistic branching and timing of transitions.", "title": "PEPA" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ireland peace process is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday (or Belfast) Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.", "title": "Northern Ireland peace process" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt -- Israel Peace Treaty. Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.", "title": "Camp David Accords" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ireland Peace Process has led to a number of unusual arrangements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. For example, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to the choice of Irish or British citizenship or both and the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom consult on matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive. The Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland also meet as the North/South Ministerial Council to develop policies common across the island of Ireland. These arrangements were made following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renunciation of U.S. citizenship was free until July 2010, at which time a fee of $450 was established. An increase to $2,350, effective September 12, 2014, was justified as ``reflective of the true cost ''of processing. This followed a fee increase of approximately 220% in 2013. The increase took effect in January 2015.", "title": "Renunciation of citizenship" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The goal of the Burmese constitutional referendum of 2008, held on 10 May 2008, is the creation of a \"discipline-flourishing democracy\". As part of the referendum process, the name of the country was changed from the \"Union of Myanmar\" to the \"Republic of the Union of Myanmar\", and general elections were held under the new constitution in 2010. Observer accounts of the 2010 election describe the event as mostly peaceful; however, allegations of polling station irregularities were raised, and the United Nations (UN) and a number of Western countries condemned the elections as fraudulent.", "title": "Myanmar" } ]	when did the peace process begin in the country where the performer of After the Morning is from?	1994	[]	Title: PEPA Passage: Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) is a stochastic process algebra designed for modelling computer and communication systems introduced by Jane Hillston in the 1990s. The language extends classical process algebras such as Milner's CCS and Hoare's CSP by introducing probabilistic branching and timing of transitions. Title: Cara Dillon Passage: Cara Elizabeth Dillon (born 21 July 1975, Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish folk singer. In 1995, she joined the folk supergroup Equation and signed a record deal with Warners Music Group. After leaving the group, she collaborated with Sam Lakeman under the name Polar Star. In 2001, she released her first solo album, "Cara Dillon", which featured traditional songs and two original Dillon\Lakeman compositions. The album was an unexpected hit in the folk world, with Dillon receiving four nominations at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. Title: Myanmar Passage: The goal of the Burmese constitutional referendum of 2008, held on 10 May 2008, is the creation of a "discipline-flourishing democracy". As part of the referendum process, the name of the country was changed from the "Union of Myanmar" to the "Republic of the Union of Myanmar", and general elections were held under the new constitution in 2010. Observer accounts of the 2010 election describe the event as mostly peaceful; however, allegations of polling station irregularities were raised, and the United Nations (UN) and a number of Western countries condemned the elections as fraudulent. Title: British Isles Passage: The Northern Ireland Peace Process has led to a number of unusual arrangements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. For example, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to the choice of Irish or British citizenship or both and the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom consult on matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive. The Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland also meet as the North/South Ministerial Council to develop policies common across the island of Ireland. These arrangements were made following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. Title: Good Morning, Miami Passage: Good Morning, Miami is a sitcom which ran from 2002 to 2004 on NBC. Created by David Kohan and Max Mutchnick, the show focused on the personal and professional life of Jake, the executive producer of the lowest-rated morning show in the country, based in Miami. Title: Forum for Peace and Reconciliation Passage: The Forum for Peace and Reconciliation () was a forum established by the government of Ireland in October 1994 as part of the Northern Ireland peace process. Title: Annapolis Conference Passage: The Annapolis Conference was a Middle East peace conference held on 27 November 2007, at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. The conference aimed to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process and implement the ""Roadmap for peace"". The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties. After the Annapolis Conference, the negotiations were continued. Title: Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy Passage: ``Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy ''(sometimes titled`` The Little Drummer Boy / Peace on Earth'') is a Christmas song with an added counterpoint performed by David Bowie and Bing Crosby. ``The Little Drummer Boy ''is a Christmas song written in 1941, while the`` Peace on Earth'' tune and lyrics, written by Ian Fraser, Larry Grossman, and Alan Kohan, were added to the song specially for Bowie and Crosby's recording. Title: Errol Nolan Passage: Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres. Title: Nuansa Pagi Passage: Nuansa Pagi (lit. "Morning Nuance") is the first morning newscast ever produced by a private television station in Indonesia. "Nuansa Pagi" was introduced by RCTI at 17 January 1993 as Buletin Pagi ('Morning Bulletin') before it evolved to go nationwide on 24 August 1993 as Nuansa Pagi ('Morning Nuance') and since then has become one of the strongest morning shows in the country, according to Nielsen Media Research, Nuansa Pagi was also carried by RCTI's then sister station SCTV (1993-1996). Title: Renunciation of citizenship Passage: Renunciation of U.S. citizenship was free until July 2010, at which time a fee of $450 was established. An increase to $2,350, effective September 12, 2014, was justified as ``reflective of the true cost ''of processing. This followed a fee increase of approximately 220% in 2013. The increase took effect in January 2015. Title: The Times Passage: The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post. Title: Albano Carrisi Passage: Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country. Title: Northern Ireland peace process Passage: The Northern Ireland peace process is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday (or Belfast) Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments. Title: Myanmar Passage: The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear. Title: Eighty Years' War Passage: The Eighty Years' War (; ) or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg against Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands. After the initial stages, Philip II deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebelling provinces. Under the leadership of the exiled William the Silent, the northern provinces continued their resistance. They eventually were able to oust the Habsburg armies, and in 1581 they established the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The war continued in other areas, although the heartland of the republic was no longer threatened; this included the beginnings of the Dutch Colonial Empire, which at the time were conceived as carrying overseas the war with Spain. The Dutch Republic was recognized by Spain and the major European powers in 1609 at the start of the Twelve Years' Truce. Hostilities broke out again around 1619, as part of the broader Thirty Years' War. An end was reached in 1648 with the Peace of Münster (a treaty part of the Peace of Westphalia), when the Dutch Republic was definitively recognised as an independent country no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Peace of Münster is sometimes considered the beginning of the Dutch Golden Age. Title: After the Morning (Cara Dillon album) Passage: "After the Morning" is the third solo album from folk artist Cara Dillon. It was recorded at their home studio in Frome, Somerset, Mayfair, Kore, Amberville and Sun Street Studios. The strings and brass were recorded in Prague. Similar to her previous albums, "After the Morning" was produced by Sam Lakeman, her husband and musical partner. Additional production was by Mike 'Spike' Drake, who also mixed the album. The album features the singles "Never in a Million Years", and the double A-side of "I Wish You Well" and "This Time". Title: Camp David Accords Passage: The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt -- Israel Peace Treaty. Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations. Title: Israel Passage: The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously. The United States regards Israel as its "most reliable partner in the Middle East," based on "common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process. The United States and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The United States has provided $68 billion in military assistance and $32 billion in grants to Israel since 1967, under the Foreign Assistance Act (period beginning 1962), more than any other country for that period until 2003. Title: Citizenship Clause Passage: The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.	[ "Cara Dillon", "After the Morning (Cara Dillon album)", "Northern Ireland peace process" ]
3hop1__85051_102348_83428	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patty Hill was a kindergarten principal in Louisville, Kentucky, developing various teaching methods at what is now the Little Loomhouse; her sister Mildred was a pianist and composer. The sisters used ``Good Morning to All ''as a song that young children would find easy to sing. The combination of melody and lyrics in`` Happy Birthday to You'' first appeared in print in 1912, and probably existed even earlier.", "title": "Happy Birthday to You" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government.", "title": "Norfolk Island" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There are many statues of Gutenberg in Germany, including the famous one by Bertel Thorvaldsen (1837) at Gutenbergplatz in Mainz, home to the eponymous Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and the Gutenberg Museum on the history of early printing. The latter publishes the \"Gutenberg-Jahrbuch\", the leading periodical in the field.", "title": "Johannes Gutenberg" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.", "title": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 35 years before Ellis Island opened, more than eight million immigrants arriving in New York City had been processed by officials at Castle Garden Immigration Depot in Lower Manhattan, just across the bay. The federal government assumed control of immigration on April 18, 1890, and Congress appropriated $75,000 to construct America's first federal immigration station on Ellis Island. Artesian wells were dug, and fill material was hauled in from incoming ships' ballast and from construction of New York City's subway tunnels, which doubled the size of Ellis Island to over six acres. While the building was under construction, the Barge Office nearby at the Battery was used for immigrant processing.", "title": "Ellis Island" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published six times per year by Wiley-Blackwell. The current editors are Kathleen A. Hinchman (Syracuse University) and Kelly Chandler-Olcott (Syracuse University). The journal is one of three journals published on behalf of the International Literacy Association. The journal covers \"practical, classroom-tested ideas grounded in research and theory.\" The \"Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy\" was first printed under the title \"Journal of Developmental Reading\" in 1957, but the name was changed to the \"Journal of Reading\" (ISSN 0022-4103) in 1964 starting with Volume 8. The name was changed again in 1995 to the current title.", "title": "Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Francisco Taiko Dojo, founded in 1968 by Grand Master Seiichi Tanaka, was the first taiko group in North America, and has been seen as the primary link between the Japanese and North American branches of the art form. Additionally, Tanaka's belief that learning to play taiko only requires a genuine interest in the art form (rather than Japanese ethnicity or heritage), has greatly contributed to taiko's success and growth outside Japan.", "title": "San Francisco Taiko Dojo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of immigration to the United States details the movement of people to the United States starting with the first European settlements from around 1600. Beginning around this time, British and other Europeans settled primarily on the east coast. Later Africans were imported as slaves. The United States experienced successive waves of immigration, particularly from Europe. Immigrants sometimes paid the cost of transoceanic transportation by becoming indentured servants after their arrival in the New World. Later, immigration rules became more restrictive; the ending of numerical restrictions occurred in 1965. Recently, cheap air travel has increased immigration from Asia and Latin America.", "title": "History of immigration to the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century. In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors onto linen paper in 1904. Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain, and in the United States Max Schoop obtained a patent to flame-spray metal onto a board through a patterned mask. Charles Ducas in 1927 patented a method of electroplating circuit patterns.", "title": "Printed circuit board" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 3.8 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004. Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. The unemployment rate is 3.2% in 2014. Population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of population in 2004. The foreign citizen population was 21.8% in 2004, about the same as in Australia. GDP per hour worked is the world's 16th highest, at 49.46 international dollars in 2012.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The explosion of the print culture, which started in the 15th century with Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, was both a result of and a cause of the increase in literacy. The number of books published in the period of the Enlightenment increased dramatically due to the increase in demand for books, which resulted from the increased literacy rates and the declining cost and easier availability of books made possible by the printing press. There was a shift in the percentages of books printed in various categories during the 17th century.", "title": "Education in the Age of Enlightenment" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the \"rational sciences,\" as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madaris, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.", "title": "Madrasa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rély, was printed in Paris in 1487.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in poverty - stricken countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.", "title": "Population growth" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "None of the German states had American colonies. In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany. Between 1820 and 1870 over seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States -- more than doubling the entire population of the country. By 2010, their population grew to 49.8 million immigrants, reflecting a jump of 6 million people since 2000.", "title": "German Americans" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On a total scale the region has approximately 34,700,201 inhabitants who are spread among 30,000 islands in the South Pacific bordered between Asia and the Americas. This region has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial market of Australia to the much less developed economies that belong to many of its island neighbours. New Zealand is the only other developed country in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world.", "title": "Economy of Oceania" } ]	When did the first immigrants from the nation that the developer of the printing method that aided the growth of literacy, arrive in America?	In the 1670s	[]	Title: History of immigration to the United States Passage: The history of immigration to the United States details the movement of people to the United States starting with the first European settlements from around 1600. Beginning around this time, British and other Europeans settled primarily on the east coast. Later Africans were imported as slaves. The United States experienced successive waves of immigration, particularly from Europe. Immigrants sometimes paid the cost of transoceanic transportation by becoming indentured servants after their arrival in the New World. Later, immigration rules became more restrictive; the ending of numerical restrictions occurred in 1965. Recently, cheap air travel has increased immigration from Asia and Latin America. Title: Jews Passage: Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America. Title: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens Passage: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Title: Population growth Passage: The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in poverty - stricken countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Title: Switzerland Passage: Around 3.8 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004. Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. The unemployment rate is 3.2% in 2014. Population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of population in 2004. The foreign citizen population was 21.8% in 2004, about the same as in Australia. GDP per hour worked is the world's 16th highest, at 49.46 international dollars in 2012. Title: Printed circuit board Passage: Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century. In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors onto linen paper in 1904. Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain, and in the United States Max Schoop obtained a patent to flame-spray metal onto a board through a patterned mask. Charles Ducas in 1927 patented a method of electroplating circuit patterns. Title: San Francisco Taiko Dojo Passage: San Francisco Taiko Dojo, founded in 1968 by Grand Master Seiichi Tanaka, was the first taiko group in North America, and has been seen as the primary link between the Japanese and North American branches of the art form. Additionally, Tanaka's belief that learning to play taiko only requires a genuine interest in the art form (rather than Japanese ethnicity or heritage), has greatly contributed to taiko's success and growth outside Japan. Title: Miami Passage: In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands. Title: Madrasa Passage: At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the "rational sciences," as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madaris, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world. Title: German Americans Passage: None of the German states had American colonies. In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany. Between 1820 and 1870 over seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States -- more than doubling the entire population of the country. By 2010, their population grew to 49.8 million immigrants, reflecting a jump of 6 million people since 2000. Title: Visa requirements for Indian citizens Passage: Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival. Title: Ellis Island Passage: In the 35 years before Ellis Island opened, more than eight million immigrants arriving in New York City had been processed by officials at Castle Garden Immigration Depot in Lower Manhattan, just across the bay. The federal government assumed control of immigration on April 18, 1890, and Congress appropriated $75,000 to construct America's first federal immigration station on Ellis Island. Artesian wells were dug, and fill material was hauled in from incoming ships' ballast and from construction of New York City's subway tunnels, which doubled the size of Ellis Island to over six acres. While the building was under construction, the Barge Office nearby at the Battery was used for immigrant processing. Title: Norfolk Island Passage: The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government. Title: Happy Birthday to You Passage: Patty Hill was a kindergarten principal in Louisville, Kentucky, developing various teaching methods at what is now the Little Loomhouse; her sister Mildred was a pianist and composer. The sisters used ``Good Morning to All ''as a song that young children would find easy to sing. The combination of melody and lyrics in`` Happy Birthday to You'' first appeared in print in 1912, and probably existed even earlier. Title: Economy of Oceania Passage: On a total scale the region has approximately 34,700,201 inhabitants who are spread among 30,000 islands in the South Pacific bordered between Asia and the Americas. This region has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial market of Australia to the much less developed economies that belong to many of its island neighbours. New Zealand is the only other developed country in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. Title: Education in the Age of Enlightenment Passage: The explosion of the print culture, which started in the 15th century with Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, was both a result of and a cause of the increase in literacy. The number of books published in the period of the Enlightenment increased dramatically due to the increase in demand for books, which resulted from the increased literacy rates and the declining cost and easier availability of books made possible by the printing press. There was a shift in the percentages of books printed in various categories during the 17th century. Title: Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy Passage: The Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published six times per year by Wiley-Blackwell. The current editors are Kathleen A. Hinchman (Syracuse University) and Kelly Chandler-Olcott (Syracuse University). The journal is one of three journals published on behalf of the International Literacy Association. The journal covers "practical, classroom-tested ideas grounded in research and theory." The "Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy" was first printed under the title "Journal of Developmental Reading" in 1957, but the name was changed to the "Journal of Reading" (ISSN 0022-4103) in 1964 starting with Volume 8. The name was changed again in 1995 to the current title. Title: Visa requirements for Thai citizens Passage: Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Title: Huguenots Passage: The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rély, was printed in Paris in 1487. Title: Johannes Gutenberg Passage: There are many statues of Gutenberg in Germany, including the famous one by Bertel Thorvaldsen (1837) at Gutenbergplatz in Mainz, home to the eponymous Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and the Gutenberg Museum on the history of early printing. The latter publishes the "Gutenberg-Jahrbuch", the leading periodical in the field.	[ "Johannes Gutenberg", "Education in the Age of Enlightenment", "German Americans" ]
2hop__21457_46031	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East 5th Street goes west to Cooper Square, but is interrupted between Avenues B and C by The Earth School, Public School 364, and between First Avenue and Avenue A by the Village View Apartments.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue \"the most beautiful street in America\" when visiting the city in 1868.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States.", "title": "Yale University" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 1600's, a very prevalent form of book censorship in the United States was book burning. In October of 1650, William Pynchon's pamphlet, The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption, was criticized and promptly burned by the Puritan government. This book burning in Boston, Massachusetts is often referred to and even considered the ``first book burning in America ''.", "title": "Book censorship in the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Okumura Masanobu (; 1686 – 13 March 1764) was a Japanese print designer, book publisher, and painter. He also illustrated novelettes and in his early years wrote some fiction. At first his work adhered to the Torii school, but later drifted beyond that. He is a figure in the formative era of ukiyo-e doing early works on actors and bijin-ga (\"pictures of beautiful women\").", "title": "Okumura Masanobu" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837)", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Asterix and Caesar's Gift is the twenty-first volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). It was the first Asterix adventure that was not published in serial form in \"Pilote\" magazine prior to its publication as a book.", "title": "Asterix and Caesar's Gift" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Penguin History of the United States of America is a non-fiction book about the history of the United States written by Hugh Brogan and published by Penguin Books. It was originally titled \"The Longman History of the United States of America\", published by the Longman company from 1985 through 1999. Longman and Penguin are both part of Pearson PLC. The book starts in the pre-Columbian era and, in the first edition, ends in the mid 1970s. The second edition, or \"new edition\", added a chapter covering through to the end of the 1980s.", "title": "The Penguin History of the United States of America" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la Bête) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales). Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants (Children's Collection) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889, to produce the version (s) most commonly retold. It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as ``Cupid and Psyche '', written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD, and`` The Pig King'', an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola.", "title": "Beauty and the Beast" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Third and Indiana is a novel written by Steve Lopez. It is about the experiences of several people connected to 14-year-old Gabriel Santoro, while living in the dangerous gang-controlled streets of the Badlands section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The novel gave notoriety to Third Street and Indiana Avenue, a real-life intersection in the Fairhill area known for the prevalence of drug dealers. The first printing had 50,000 copies printed. Published in 1994, it was Lopez's first novel.", "title": "Third and Indiana" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la Bête) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales). Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants (Children's Collection) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889, to produce the version (s) most commonly retold. It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as ``Cupid and Psyche '', written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD, and`` The Pig King''. an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola.", "title": "Beauty and the Beast" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint on TV is a collection of two mystery novellas by Fleming Lee, continuing the adventures of the sleuth Simon Templar a.k.a. \"The Saint\", created by Leslie Charteris. This book was first published in the United States in 1968 by The Crime Club, and in the United Kingdom later that year by Hodder and Stoughton. This is the first time since 1948's \"Call for the Saint\" that the novella format had been used in the series; with a few exceptions where full-length novels were published, the novella format would remain the norm until the series concluded in the early 1980s. It is the first of three Saint books to first see publication in 1968, which was also the 40th anniversary of the character's introduction.", "title": "The Saint on TV" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Cordially Invited to Meet Death\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published in abridged form as \"Invitation to Murder\" in the April 1942 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Black Orchids\", published by Farrar & Rinehart in 1942.", "title": "Cordially Invited to Meet Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th).", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mokhovaya Street, () is a one-way street in central Moscow, Russia, a part of Moscow's innermost ring road - Central Squares of Moscow. In 1961-1990 it formed part of Karl Marx Avenue (Проспект Маркса). The street runs from the (named after nearby Borovitskaya Tower) in the south past Vozdvizhenka Street, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street and Manege Square, ending at Tverskaya Street in the north.", "title": "Mokhovaya Street" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the headquarters of CBS Corporation. Located at 51 West 52nd Street at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), the Eero Saarinen designed building opened in 1965. It is 38 stories and tall with approximately rentable of space. The interior and furnishings were designed by Saarinen and Florence Knoll.", "title": "CBS Building" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported:", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shanghai Moon is a Lydia Chin/Bill Smith mystery novel by S. J. Rozan. It was published in 2009 by Minotaur Books. In 2010 it was published by Ebury Press in the UK as Trail of Blood. Set partially in New York City and partially in the Shanghai Ghetto, the book follows Lydia Chin as she tries to recover a fictional stolen jewel also called \"The Shanghai Moon\".", "title": "The Shanghai Moon" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square.", "title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan" } ]	In what form was the first book of the person who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840's published?	Monthly serial	[]	Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square. Title: Beauty and the Beast Passage: Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la Bête) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales). Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants (Children's Collection) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889, to produce the version (s) most commonly retold. It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as ``Cupid and Psyche '', written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD, and`` The Pig King''. an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola. Title: The Penguin History of the United States of America Passage: The Penguin History of the United States of America is a non-fiction book about the history of the United States written by Hugh Brogan and published by Penguin Books. It was originally titled "The Longman History of the United States of America", published by the Longman company from 1985 through 1999. Longman and Penguin are both part of Pearson PLC. The book starts in the pre-Columbian era and, in the first edition, ends in the mid 1970s. The second edition, or "new edition", added a chapter covering through to the end of the 1980s. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868. Title: CBS Building Passage: The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the headquarters of CBS Corporation. Located at 51 West 52nd Street at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), the Eero Saarinen designed building opened in 1965. It is 38 stories and tall with approximately rentable of space. The interior and furnishings were designed by Saarinen and Florence Knoll. Title: The Saint on TV Passage: The Saint on TV is a collection of two mystery novellas by Fleming Lee, continuing the adventures of the sleuth Simon Templar a.k.a. "The Saint", created by Leslie Charteris. This book was first published in the United States in 1968 by The Crime Club, and in the United Kingdom later that year by Hodder and Stoughton. This is the first time since 1948's "Call for the Saint" that the novella format had been used in the series; with a few exceptions where full-length novels were published, the novella format would remain the norm until the series concluded in the early 1980s. It is the first of three Saint books to first see publication in 1968, which was also the 40th anniversary of the character's introduction. Title: Asterix and Caesar's Gift Passage: Asterix and Caesar's Gift is the twenty-first volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). It was the first Asterix adventure that was not published in serial form in "Pilote" magazine prior to its publication as a book. Title: Mokhovaya Street Passage: Mokhovaya Street, () is a one-way street in central Moscow, Russia, a part of Moscow's innermost ring road - Central Squares of Moscow. In 1961-1990 it formed part of Karl Marx Avenue (Проспект Маркса). The street runs from the (named after nearby Borovitskaya Tower) in the south past Vozdvizhenka Street, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street and Manege Square, ending at Tverskaya Street in the north. Title: Charles Dickens Passage: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837) Title: Yale University Passage: Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th). Title: The Shanghai Moon Passage: The Shanghai Moon is a Lydia Chin/Bill Smith mystery novel by S. J. Rozan. It was published in 2009 by Minotaur Books. In 2010 it was published by Ebury Press in the UK as Trail of Blood. Set partially in New York City and partially in the Shanghai Ghetto, the book follows Lydia Chin as she tries to recover a fictional stolen jewel also called "The Shanghai Moon". Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: East 5th Street goes west to Cooper Square, but is interrupted between Avenues B and C by The Earth School, Public School 364, and between First Avenue and Avenue A by the Village View Apartments. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue. Title: Beauty and the Beast Passage: Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la Bête) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales). Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants (Children's Collection) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889, to produce the version (s) most commonly retold. It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as ``Cupid and Psyche '', written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD, and`` The Pig King'', an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola. Title: Book censorship in the United States Passage: During the 1600's, a very prevalent form of book censorship in the United States was book burning. In October of 1650, William Pynchon's pamphlet, The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption, was criticized and promptly burned by the Puritan government. This book burning in Boston, Massachusetts is often referred to and even considered the ``first book burning in America ''. Title: Cordially Invited to Meet Death Passage: "Cordially Invited to Meet Death" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published in abridged form as "Invitation to Murder" in the April 1942 issue of "The American Magazine". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection "Black Orchids", published by Farrar & Rinehart in 1942. Title: Okumura Masanobu Passage: Okumura Masanobu (; 1686 – 13 March 1764) was a Japanese print designer, book publisher, and painter. He also illustrated novelettes and in his early years wrote some fiction. At first his work adhered to the Torii school, but later drifted beyond that. He is a figure in the formative era of ukiyo-e doing early works on actors and bijin-ga ("pictures of beautiful women"). Title: Alexander Graham Bell Passage: In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported: Title: Third and Indiana Passage: Third and Indiana is a novel written by Steve Lopez. It is about the experiences of several people connected to 14-year-old Gabriel Santoro, while living in the dangerous gang-controlled streets of the Badlands section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The novel gave notoriety to Third Street and Indiana Avenue, a real-life intersection in the Fairhill area known for the prevalence of drug dealers. The first printing had 50,000 copies printed. Published in 1994, it was Lopez's first novel.	[ "Yale University", "Charles Dickens" ]
3hop1__348803_805015_48308	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil.", "title": "Decolonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Omanthai railway station ( \"Ōmantai toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Omanthai in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2009 due to the civil war. It was re-opened on 27 May 2011.", "title": "Omanthai railway station" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ernest Frederick succeeded his father in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld when he died in 1764 and established his definitive residence shifted in Coburg. Because of the high indebtedness of the duchy he was compelled by Emperor Joseph II in 1773 to work with a \"Debit commission\"—an obligatory administration of debts assigned by the emperor—for over thirty years.", "title": "Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station (Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated in between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station.", "title": "Munroturuttu railway station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balfron railway station was a railway station that served the village of Balfron in Scotland. The station was served by trains on the Strathendrick and Aberfoyle Railway and the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway, both of which closed in the 1950s.", "title": "Balfron railway station" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kokuvil railway station ( \"Kokkuvil toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Kokuvil in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015.", "title": "Kokuvil railway station" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilde is an unincorporated place in northern Manitoba, Canada. It is serviced by the Wilde railway station of the Winnipeg - Churchill train.", "title": "Wilde, Manitoba" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Float Railway Station was a former station on the Inny Junction to Cavan branch of the Midland Great Western Railway, Ireland. It opened in 1856 and closed in 1947. Due to the fuel shortage caused by World War Two, the station was closed for over a year and a half in 1944-1945.", "title": "Float railway station" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mankulam railway station ( \"Māṅkuḷam toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Mankulam in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2013 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Omanthai and Kilinochchi, which includes Mankulam, was re-opened on 14 September 2013.", "title": "Mankulam railway station" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Habibganj railway station (Station Code: HBJ) is a railway station in Bhopal City and part of the West Central Railway. It is located in Habibganj, New Bhopal. It is India's first private railway station.", "title": "Habibganj railway station" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Russian Empire lost the Crimean War, the importance of use of tactical use of modern inventions, as well as railways. In February 1851 the Government of Russia made a decision to build the Saint Petersburg – Warsaw Railway line. Starting from 1858 the line connecting Saint Petersburg and Warsaw was being built. In the territory of Lithuania, the construction of the railway section Daugavpils–Vilnius–Grodno including the branch Lentvaris–Kaunas–Kybartai (Virbalis) was started in spring 1859. The first railway stations in Lithuania were constructed on this line (21 stations): the super class stations in Lentvaris and Virbalis, as well as the first class stations in Kaunas and Vilnius. Due to the hilly and unfavorable for the direct rail passage terrain around Kaunas' centre, the Kaunas Railway Tunnel and largest in Lithuania railway bridge over the Nemunas river were constructed. On the 15 August 1861 the first train left Kaunas and reached Lentvaris. Kaunas railway station was officially opened on 21 February 1862. In 1944, the station was bombed by the withdrawing German army.", "title": "Kaunas railway station" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ernest Glover (19 February 1891 – 13 April 1954) was a British athlete who competed in the 5,000 metres, the 10,000 metres, and in cross country at the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, Sweden. Glover's 16th place in the individual cross country event helped him to earn a bronze medal with teammates Frederick Hibbins and Thomas Humphreys in the team competition. Although he qualified for the 5,000 m and 10,000 m finals, he withdrew from both.", "title": "Ernest Glover (athlete)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amiens Gun is a German railway gun (originally mounted in the battleship ) that was captured by the Australian Imperial Force during World War I and returned to Australia as a war trophy. The 28 cm SK L/40 \"Bruno\" (SK – \"Schnelladekanone\" (quick-loading cannon) L – \"Länge\" (with a 40-calibre barrel)) gun was placed on public display on 26 March 1920 adjacent to the Central railway station, Sydney. While the gun's carriage was scrapped during the 1960s, the gun barrel remains on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.", "title": "Amiens Gun" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany.", "title": "German declaration of war against the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Darmstadt Nord station building was built from 1909 to 1912 as part of the realignment of the railways around Darmstadt to serve the employees of the Merck company. The listed station, was built in a traditional style of architecture typical of the early 20th century, according to the design of the head of planning of the Railway divisions of Mainz (a joint division of the Prussian state railways and the Grand Duchy of Hesse State Railways), Frederick Mettegang. The entrance building is at ground level and is built above the tracks and is connected by stairs to its two platforms. The southern platform canopy is built out of iron in a neoclassical design from the early years of the railway in Darmstadt. It comes from an unknown station and was rebuilt at the new Darmstadt Nord Station.", "title": "Darmstadt Nord station" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There are six railway stations in the town of Coburg in Bavaria, southern Germany. These include: two passenger stations, three halts and one goods station.", "title": "Railway stations in Coburg" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paranthan railway station ( \"Parantaṉ toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Paranthan in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2014 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Kilinochchi and Pallai, which includes Paranthan, was re-opened on 4 March 2014.", "title": "Paranthan railway station" } ]	There are several railway stations in the city where Ernest Frederick died. When did the U.S. declare war on the country that includes that city?	11 December 1941	[]	Title: World War II Passage: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Title: Nanjing Passage: Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011. Title: Float railway station Passage: Float Railway Station was a former station on the Inny Junction to Cavan branch of the Midland Great Western Railway, Ireland. It opened in 1856 and closed in 1947. Due to the fuel shortage caused by World War Two, the station was closed for over a year and a half in 1944-1945. Title: Wilde, Manitoba Passage: Wilde is an unincorporated place in northern Manitoba, Canada. It is serviced by the Wilde railway station of the Winnipeg - Churchill train. Title: Decolonization of the Americas Passage: The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil. Title: Kokuvil railway station Passage: Kokuvil railway station ( "Kokkuvil toṭaruntu nilaiyam") is a railway station in the town of Kokuvil in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015. Title: Ernest Glover (athlete) Passage: Ernest Glover (19 February 1891 – 13 April 1954) was a British athlete who competed in the 5,000 metres, the 10,000 metres, and in cross country at the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, Sweden. Glover's 16th place in the individual cross country event helped him to earn a bronze medal with teammates Frederick Hibbins and Thomas Humphreys in the team competition. Although he qualified for the 5,000 m and 10,000 m finals, he withdrew from both. Title: German declaration of war against the United States Passage: On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany. Title: Darmstadt Nord station Passage: The Darmstadt Nord station building was built from 1909 to 1912 as part of the realignment of the railways around Darmstadt to serve the employees of the Merck company. The listed station, was built in a traditional style of architecture typical of the early 20th century, according to the design of the head of planning of the Railway divisions of Mainz (a joint division of the Prussian state railways and the Grand Duchy of Hesse State Railways), Frederick Mettegang. The entrance building is at ground level and is built above the tracks and is connected by stairs to its two platforms. The southern platform canopy is built out of iron in a neoclassical design from the early years of the railway in Darmstadt. It comes from an unknown station and was rebuilt at the new Darmstadt Nord Station. Title: Munroturuttu railway station Passage: Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station (Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated in between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station. Title: Railway stations in Coburg Passage: There are six railway stations in the town of Coburg in Bavaria, southern Germany. These include: two passenger stations, three halts and one goods station. Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America. Title: Paranthan railway station Passage: Paranthan railway station ( "Parantaṉ toṭaruntu nilaiyam") is a railway station in the town of Paranthan in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2014 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Kilinochchi and Pallai, which includes Paranthan, was re-opened on 4 March 2014. Title: Kaunas railway station Passage: After the Russian Empire lost the Crimean War, the importance of use of tactical use of modern inventions, as well as railways. In February 1851 the Government of Russia made a decision to build the Saint Petersburg – Warsaw Railway line. Starting from 1858 the line connecting Saint Petersburg and Warsaw was being built. In the territory of Lithuania, the construction of the railway section Daugavpils–Vilnius–Grodno including the branch Lentvaris–Kaunas–Kybartai (Virbalis) was started in spring 1859. The first railway stations in Lithuania were constructed on this line (21 stations): the super class stations in Lentvaris and Virbalis, as well as the first class stations in Kaunas and Vilnius. Due to the hilly and unfavorable for the direct rail passage terrain around Kaunas' centre, the Kaunas Railway Tunnel and largest in Lithuania railway bridge over the Nemunas river were constructed. On the 15 August 1861 the first train left Kaunas and reached Lentvaris. Kaunas railway station was officially opened on 21 February 1862. In 1944, the station was bombed by the withdrawing German army. Title: Habibganj railway station Passage: Habibganj railway station (Station Code: HBJ) is a railway station in Bhopal City and part of the West Central Railway. It is located in Habibganj, New Bhopal. It is India's first private railway station. Title: Omanthai railway station Passage: Omanthai railway station ( "Ōmantai toṭaruntu nilaiyam") is a railway station in the town of Omanthai in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2009 due to the civil war. It was re-opened on 27 May 2011. Title: Balfron railway station Passage: Balfron railway station was a railway station that served the village of Balfron in Scotland. The station was served by trains on the Strathendrick and Aberfoyle Railway and the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway, both of which closed in the 1950s. Title: Amiens Gun Passage: The Amiens Gun is a German railway gun (originally mounted in the battleship ) that was captured by the Australian Imperial Force during World War I and returned to Australia as a war trophy. The 28 cm SK L/40 "Bruno" (SK – "Schnelladekanone" (quick-loading cannon) L – "Länge" (with a 40-calibre barrel)) gun was placed on public display on 26 March 1920 adjacent to the Central railway station, Sydney. While the gun's carriage was scrapped during the 1960s, the gun barrel remains on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Title: Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Passage: Ernest Frederick succeeded his father in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld when he died in 1764 and established his definitive residence shifted in Coburg. Because of the high indebtedness of the duchy he was compelled by Emperor Joseph II in 1773 to work with a "Debit commission"—an obligatory administration of debts assigned by the emperor—for over thirty years. Title: Mankulam railway station Passage: Mankulam railway station ( "Māṅkuḷam toṭaruntu nilaiyam") is a railway station in the town of Mankulam in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2013 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Omanthai and Kilinochchi, which includes Mankulam, was re-opened on 14 September 2013.	[ "Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld", "German declaration of war against the United States", "Railway stations in Coburg" ]
2hop__603322_20644	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.", "title": "Hinduism in India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French Canadians (also referred to as Franco - Canadians or Canadiens; French: Canadien (ne) s français (es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French - speaking population in Canada, accounting for about 22 per cent of the country's total population. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well.", "title": "French Canadians" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1775 treatise \"The Natural Varieties of Mankind\", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that \"one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them\".", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.", "title": "Islam by country" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tour de France Race details Date July Region France and nearby countries Local name (s) Le Tour de France (in French) Nickname (s) La Grande Boucle Discipline Road Competition UCI World Tour Type Stage race (Grand Tour) Organiser Amaury Sport Organisation Race director Christian Prudhomme History First edition 1 July 1903; 114 years ago (1903 - 07 - 01) Editions 104 (as of 2017) First winner Maurice Garin (FRA) Most wins Jacques Anquetil (FRA) Eddy Merckx (BEL) Bernard Hinault (FRA) Miguel Indurain (ESP) (5 wins each) Most recent Chris Froome (GBR)", "title": "Tour de France" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous country in North America is the United States with 318.4 million persons. The second largest country is Mexico with a population of 112,322,757. Canada is the third most populous country with 32,623,490. The majority of Caribbean island - nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the United States), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million. Greenland has a small population of 55,984 for its massive size (2,166,000 km2 or 836,300 mi2), and therefore, it has the world's lowest population density at 0.026 pop. / km2 (0.067 pop. / mi2).", "title": "North America" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smithsonian Channel Launched September 26, 2007 Owned by Smithsonian Institution Showtime Networks, Inc. (CBS Corporation) Picture format 1080i (HDTV) 480i (SDTV) Slogan It's Brighter Here Country United States Broadcast area United States and Canada Headquarters Washington, DC Sister channel (s) Showtime The Movie Channel Flix Website SmithsonianChannel.com Availability Satellite DirecTV 570 (HD) 1570 (VOD) Dish Network 367 (SD / HD) Cable Available on most cable systems Check local listings for channels Verizon FiOS 634 (HD) Starhub TV (Singapore) 415 (HD) IPTV AT&T U-verse 1118 (HD) 118 (SD)", "title": "Smithsonian Channel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1950 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 September 1950 at Monza. It was race 7 of 7 in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers. In this race, Nino Farina became the first World Drivers' Champion, and the only driver to win the title in his home country.", "title": "1950 Italian Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fall Guy The Fall Guy opening title Genre Action / Adventure Created by Glen A. Larson Starring Lee Majors Douglas Barr Heather Thomas Jo Ann Pflug (1981 -- 1982) Markie Post (1982 -- 1985) Theme music composer Gail Jensen Glen A. Larson David Somerville Opening theme ``Unknown Stuntman ''performed by Lee Majors Composer (s) Stu Phillips Ron Ramin Frank DeDvol Tom Worrall Morton Stevens Dennis McCarthy Ken Heller (uncredited) William Broughton (uncredited) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 113 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Glen A. Larson Producer (s) Robert Janes Larry Brody Paul Mason Lee Majors Cinematography Ben Colman Michael Hofstein Camera setup Single - camera Running time 45 -- 48 minutes Production company (s) Glen A. Larson Productions 20th Century Fox Television Release Original network ABC Audio format Monaural Original release November 4, 1981 (1981 - 11 - 04) -- May 2, 1986 (1986 - 05 - 02)", "title": "The Fall Guy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "StarHub TV is the sole cable television operator in Singapore (it was the sole pay-TV operator in the country until 2007 when mio TV, an IPTV service from its competitor, SingTel, was launched). A subsidiary of StarHub Limited, when StarHub acquired Singapore Cable Vision (SCV) in 2001, and now assumes ownership over the S$600 million broadband infrastructure built across the country by 1996.", "title": "StarHub TV" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami's main four sports teams are the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League, the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association, the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball, and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League. As well as having all four major professional teams, Miami is also home to the Major League Soccer expansion team led by David Beckham, Sony Ericsson Open for professional tennis, numerous greyhound racing tracks, marinas, jai alai venues, and golf courses. The city streets has hosted professional auto races, the Miami Indy Challenge and later the Grand Prix Americas. The Homestead-Miami Speedway oval hosts NASCAR national races.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though the majority of Chileans reside in Chile, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina, United States, Australia and Canada and countries of the European Union. Although small in number, Chilean people also make up a substantial part of the permanent population of Antarctica and the Falkland Islands (see: Chileans in the Falkland Islands).", "title": "Chileans" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29, 1994, with the Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet) connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit / s link. As of 2016, more than 44,000,000 people used the internet in the country, accounting for 43.5% of the total population.", "title": "Internet in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total population of Vietnamese American was 2,067,527 (92.9% reporting one race, 6.5% reporting two races, 0.5% reporting three races, and 0.1% reporting four or more races). California and Texas had the highest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans: 40 and 12 percent, respectively. Other states with concentrations of Vietnamese Americans were Washington, Florida (four percent each) and Virginia (three percent). The largest number of Vietnamese outside Vietnam is in Orange County, California (184,153, or 6.1 percent of the county's population), followed by Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties; the three counties accounted for 26 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population in the United States. Many Vietnamese American businesses exist in the Little Saigon of Westminster and Garden Grove, where Vietnamese Americans make up 40.2 and 27.7 percent of the population respectively. About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order, Los Angeles, San Jose, Houston, San Francisco and Dallas - Fort Worth. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other states, including Denver, Boston, Chicago, Oklahoma (Oklahoma City and Tulsa in particular) and Oregon (Portland in particular).", "title": "Vietnamese Americans" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 European Cross Country Championships was a continental cross country running competition that was held on 13 December 2009 near Dublin city, Fingal in Ireland. Dublin was selected as the host city in 2007 and the event was the first time that a major European athletics championships took place in Ireland. The six men's and women's races in the championship programme took place in Santry Demense on a looped course with flat and grassy ground. The 16th edition of the European Cross Country Championships featured 323 athletes from 30 nations.", "title": "2009 European Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Country Heart is a Jorma Kaukonen studio album released in June, 2002. It was his first album on a major label since 1980's \"Barbeque King\". Kaukonen didn't write any new compositions for the album, and instead played mostly country-blues cover songs.The album features performances by Sam Bush, Jerry Douglas, Byron House and Bela Fleck, and was nominated for a Grammy award in 2003 for \"Best Traditional Folk Album.\"", "title": "Blue Country Heart" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Giro di Lombardia was the 103rd edition of this single day road bicycle racing monument race, colloquially known as the \"Race of the Falling Leaves\". The event was run on 17 October 2009. It was the final event of the 2009 UCI World Ranking and the final major event of the 2009 road racing season. For the third consecutive year, the race was 242 kilometres long and depart from Varese to its finish in Como.", "title": "2009 Giro di Lombardia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984.", "title": "British Empire" } ]	What race is the majority of the population in the country StarHub is located?	Chinese	[]	Title: 1950 Italian Grand Prix Passage: The 1950 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 September 1950 at Monza. It was race 7 of 7 in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers. In this race, Nino Farina became the first World Drivers' Champion, and the only driver to win the title in his home country. Title: Miami Passage: Miami's main four sports teams are the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League, the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association, the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball, and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League. As well as having all four major professional teams, Miami is also home to the Major League Soccer expansion team led by David Beckham, Sony Ericsson Open for professional tennis, numerous greyhound racing tracks, marinas, jai alai venues, and golf courses. The city streets has hosted professional auto races, the Miami Indy Challenge and later the Grand Prix Americas. The Homestead-Miami Speedway oval hosts NASCAR national races. Title: Islam by country Passage: The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor. Title: StarHub TV Passage: StarHub TV is the sole cable television operator in Singapore (it was the sole pay-TV operator in the country until 2007 when mio TV, an IPTV service from its competitor, SingTel, was launched). A subsidiary of StarHub Limited, when StarHub acquired Singapore Cable Vision (SCV) in 2001, and now assumes ownership over the S$600 million broadband infrastructure built across the country by 1996. Title: Egypt Passage: With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Title: French Canadians Passage: French Canadians (also referred to as Franco - Canadians or Canadiens; French: Canadien (ne) s français (es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French - speaking population in Canada, accounting for about 22 per cent of the country's total population. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well. Title: 2009 Giro di Lombardia Passage: The 2009 Giro di Lombardia was the 103rd edition of this single day road bicycle racing monument race, colloquially known as the "Race of the Falling Leaves". The event was run on 17 October 2009. It was the final event of the 2009 UCI World Ranking and the final major event of the 2009 road racing season. For the third consecutive year, the race was 242 kilometres long and depart from Varese to its finish in Como. Title: 2009 European Cross Country Championships Passage: The 2009 European Cross Country Championships was a continental cross country running competition that was held on 13 December 2009 near Dublin city, Fingal in Ireland. Dublin was selected as the host city in 2007 and the event was the first time that a major European athletics championships took place in Ireland. The six men's and women's races in the championship programme took place in Santry Demense on a looped course with flat and grassy ground. The 16th edition of the European Cross Country Championships featured 323 athletes from 30 nations. Title: Chileans Passage: Though the majority of Chileans reside in Chile, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina, United States, Australia and Canada and countries of the European Union. Although small in number, Chilean people also make up a substantial part of the permanent population of Antarctica and the Falkland Islands (see: Chileans in the Falkland Islands). Title: Blue Country Heart Passage: Blue Country Heart is a Jorma Kaukonen studio album released in June, 2002. It was his first album on a major label since 1980's "Barbeque King". Kaukonen didn't write any new compositions for the album, and instead played mostly country-blues cover songs.The album features performances by Sam Bush, Jerry Douglas, Byron House and Bela Fleck, and was nominated for a Grammy award in 2003 for "Best Traditional Folk Album." Title: Internet in the Philippines Passage: Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29, 1994, with the Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet) connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit / s link. As of 2016, more than 44,000,000 people used the internet in the country, accounting for 43.5% of the total population. Title: Vietnamese Americans Passage: In 2016 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total population of Vietnamese American was 2,067,527 (92.9% reporting one race, 6.5% reporting two races, 0.5% reporting three races, and 0.1% reporting four or more races). California and Texas had the highest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans: 40 and 12 percent, respectively. Other states with concentrations of Vietnamese Americans were Washington, Florida (four percent each) and Virginia (three percent). The largest number of Vietnamese outside Vietnam is in Orange County, California (184,153, or 6.1 percent of the county's population), followed by Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties; the three counties accounted for 26 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population in the United States. Many Vietnamese American businesses exist in the Little Saigon of Westminster and Garden Grove, where Vietnamese Americans make up 40.2 and 27.7 percent of the population respectively. About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order, Los Angeles, San Jose, Houston, San Francisco and Dallas - Fort Worth. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other states, including Denver, Boston, Chicago, Oklahoma (Oklahoma City and Tulsa in particular) and Oregon (Portland in particular). Title: Smithsonian Channel Passage: Smithsonian Channel Launched September 26, 2007 Owned by Smithsonian Institution Showtime Networks, Inc. (CBS Corporation) Picture format 1080i (HDTV) 480i (SDTV) Slogan It's Brighter Here Country United States Broadcast area United States and Canada Headquarters Washington, DC Sister channel (s) Showtime The Movie Channel Flix Website SmithsonianChannel.com Availability Satellite DirecTV 570 (HD) 1570 (VOD) Dish Network 367 (SD / HD) Cable Available on most cable systems Check local listings for channels Verizon FiOS 634 (HD) Starhub TV (Singapore) 415 (HD) IPTV AT&T U-verse 1118 (HD) 118 (SD) Title: The Fall Guy Passage: The Fall Guy The Fall Guy opening title Genre Action / Adventure Created by Glen A. Larson Starring Lee Majors Douglas Barr Heather Thomas Jo Ann Pflug (1981 -- 1982) Markie Post (1982 -- 1985) Theme music composer Gail Jensen Glen A. Larson David Somerville Opening theme ``Unknown Stuntman ''performed by Lee Majors Composer (s) Stu Phillips Ron Ramin Frank DeDvol Tom Worrall Morton Stevens Dennis McCarthy Ken Heller (uncredited) William Broughton (uncredited) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 113 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Glen A. Larson Producer (s) Robert Janes Larry Brody Paul Mason Lee Majors Cinematography Ben Colman Michael Hofstein Camera setup Single - camera Running time 45 -- 48 minutes Production company (s) Glen A. Larson Productions 20th Century Fox Television Release Original network ABC Audio format Monaural Original release November 4, 1981 (1981 - 11 - 04) -- May 2, 1986 (1986 - 05 - 02) Title: Namibia Passage: Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%). Title: British Empire Passage: Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984. Title: Hinduism in India Passage: Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them". Title: Tour de France Passage: Tour de France Race details Date July Region France and nearby countries Local name (s) Le Tour de France (in French) Nickname (s) La Grande Boucle Discipline Road Competition UCI World Tour Type Stage race (Grand Tour) Organiser Amaury Sport Organisation Race director Christian Prudhomme History First edition 1 July 1903; 114 years ago (1903 - 07 - 01) Editions 104 (as of 2017) First winner Maurice Garin (FRA) Most wins Jacques Anquetil (FRA) Eddy Merckx (BEL) Bernard Hinault (FRA) Miguel Indurain (ESP) (5 wins each) Most recent Chris Froome (GBR) Title: North America Passage: The most populous country in North America is the United States with 318.4 million persons. The second largest country is Mexico with a population of 112,322,757. Canada is the third most populous country with 32,623,490. The majority of Caribbean island - nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the United States), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million. Greenland has a small population of 55,984 for its massive size (2,166,000 km2 or 836,300 mi2), and therefore, it has the world's lowest population density at 0.026 pop. / km2 (0.067 pop. / mi2).	[ "StarHub TV", "British Empire" ]
2hop__87357_65477	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is third, with six national titles, and Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) & Villanova are tied for 7th with three national titles. Since 1985, when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships.", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Upcoming season or competition: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Sport College basketball Founded 1939 No. of teams 68 (since 2011) Most recent champion (s) North Carolina (6th title) Most titles UCLA (11 titles) TV partner (s) CBS TNT TruTV TBS CBS Sports Network (re-airs) Galavision (Spanish - coverage) Official website NCAA.com", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is in third place, with six titles, Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) and University of Louisville are tied with three championships. Since 1985, when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, North Carolina and Duke have each won five championships; Connecticut has four; Kentucky has three; Kansas, Louisville, Florida, and Villanova have two; UCLA, Indiana, and Michigan State have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships.", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 -- 17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team represented Villanova University in the 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Jay Wright in his 16th year, the Wildcats participated in the Big East Conference and played their home games at The Pavilion, with some select home games at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They finished the season 32 -- 4, 15 -- 3 in Big East play to win the regular season championship. In the Big East Tournament, they defeated St. John's, Seton Hall, and Creighton to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. The Wildcats were given the Tournament's overall No. 1 seed as a No. 1 seed in the East region. In the First Round they defeated Mount St. Mary's before being upset by No. 8 - seeded Wisconsin in the Second Round. The loss marked the second time in the previous three tournaments that Villanova was upset by an eighth - seeded team.", "title": "2016–17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team is the men's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville (U of L) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) of NCAA Division I. The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 (with the 2013 title being vacated); and have officially been to 8 Final Fours (with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated) in 38 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins.", "title": "Louisville Cardinals men's basketball" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1963, Loyola won the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament (then the ``NCAA University Division '') men's basketball national championship under the leadership of All - American Jerry Harkness, defeating two - time defending champion Cincinnati 60 -- 58 in overtime in the title game. All five starters for the Ramblers played the entire championship game without substitution.", "title": "Loyola Ramblers men's basketball" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas. The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference. Kansas is considered one of the most prestigious college basketball programs in the country with 3 NCAA Tournament championships and 5 overall national championships, as well being a National Runner - Up six times. Kansas is the all - time consecutive conference titles record holder with 14 consecutive titles, which is an active streak.", "title": "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Men's National Invitation Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 National Invitation Tournament National Invitation Tournament Sport College Basketball Founded 1938 Founder Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association No. of teams 32 Most recent champion (s) Penn State (2) Most titles St. John's (5) TV partner (s) ESPN Related competitions NIT Season Tip - Off NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship College Basketball Invitational CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament Vegas 16 Official website https://www.ncaa.com/championships/basketball-men/nit", "title": "National Invitation Tournament" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1985 to 2009, the Arizona basketball team reached the NCAA Division I Tournament for 25 consecutive years, two years shy of North Carolina's record with 27. Despite having their 1999 and 2008 appearances later vacated by the NCAA, the media still cites Arizona's streak, and simply notes the changes. The Wildcats have reached the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament on four occasions (1988, 1994, 1997, and 2001). They have also made two appearances in the National Championship (won over Kentucky Wildcats in 1997, lost to Duke Blue Devils in 2001). In Pac - 10 play, former head coach Lute Olson currently holds the record for most wins as a Pac - 10 coach with 327. In addition, the team has won sixteen Pac - 10 / 12 regular season championship titles and seven Pac - 10 / 12 tournament championship titles. Arizona also holds the distinction of recording five out of the seven 17 -- 1 Pac - 10 seasons (one - loss seasons). No team has gone undefeated since the formation of the Pac - 10 / 12.", "title": "Arizona Wildcats men's basketball" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Conference basketball championship Sport Basketball Conference Atlantic Coast Conference Number of teams 15 Format Single - elimination tournament Current stadium Barclays Center Current location Brooklyn, New York Played 1954 -- present Last contest 2018 Current champion Virginia Cavaliers Most championships Duke Blue Devils (20) TV partner (s) ESPN, ACC Network, Official website TheACC.com Men's Basketball", "title": "ACC Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances (58), NCAA tournament wins (126), NCAA Tournament games played (177), NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances (43), NCAA Elite Eight appearances (37), and total postseason tournament appearances (65). Further, Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours (tied for 2nd place all - time with UCLA), 12 NCAA Championship games, and has won 8 NCAA championships (second only to UCLA's 11). In addition to these titles, Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in both 1946 and 1976, making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships. Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty - two 20 - win seasons, fifteen 30 - win seasons, and six 35 - win seasons.", "title": "Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932. The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team has won four SEC championships and reached the NCAA Elite Eight in 2010. In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the finals of the 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament and it determined the national champion for the 2012 - 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 2013 National Championship Game was played on April 8, 2013 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, and featured the 2013 Midwest Regional Champions, # 1 - seeded Louisville, and the 2013 South Regional Champions, # 4 - seeded Michigan. Louisville's title was subsequently vacated by the NCAA on June 15, 2017 as the result of sex, stripper, and / or prostitution scandal related to both players on this team, as well as potential recruits. This decision was upheld on February 20, 2018.", "title": "2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marquette Golden Eagles 2017 -- 18 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team University Marquette University Head coach Steve Wojciechowski (4th season) Conference Big East Arena Bradley Center (Capacity: 18,850) Nickname Golden Eagles Colors Blue and Gold Uniforms Home Away NCAA Tournament champions 1977 NCAA Tournament runner - up NCAA Tournament Final Four 1974, 1977, 2003 NCAA Tournament Elite Eight 1955, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1977, 2003, 2013 NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen 1955, 1959, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1994, 2003, 2011, 2012, 2013 NCAA Tournament Round of 32 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 NCAA Tournament appearances 1955, 1959, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017 Conference tournament champions 1997 Conference regular season champions 1994, 2003, 2013", "title": "Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 18, 1980, Krzyzewski was named the head coach at Duke University after five seasons at Army. After a few rebuilding seasons, he and the Blue Devils became a fixture on the national basketball scene with 31 NCAA Tournament berths in the past 32 years and 22 consecutive from 1996 to 2017, which is the second - longest current streak of tournament appearances behind Kansas, which has appeared in the tournament in 27 consecutive seasons. Overall, he has taken his program to postseason play in 31 of his 34 years at Duke and is the most winning active coach in men's NCAA Tournament play with an 86 -- 25 record for a. 767 winning percentage. His Duke teams have won 13 ACC Championships, been to 12 Final Fours, and won five NCAA tournament National Championships.", "title": "Mike Krzyzewski" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represents Indiana University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men's basketball (1940, 1953, 1976, 1981, 1987) -- the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight. Indiana's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men's basketball champion.", "title": "Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eighth - seed Villanova, coached by Rollie Massimino, won their first national title with a 66 -- 64 victory in the final game over Georgetown, coached by John Thompson. Ed Pinckney of Villanova was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. The game, often cited as ``The Perfect Game '', is widely considered among the greatest upsets in college basketball history, and is the second biggest point - spread upset in Championship Game history. This Villanova team remains the lowest - seeded team to win the tournament. The Wildcats are also notable as the last Division I men's national champion to date to represent a school that did not sponsor varsity football at the time of its title (Villanova had dropped football after the 1980 season and did not reinstate the sport until the 1985 season, the first after the championship game). The game is also notable as the last played without a shot clock.", "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina. College basketball in particular is very popular, buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest. The ACC Championship Game and The Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium, featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference. Additionally, the state has hosted the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four on two occasions, in Greensboro in 1974 and in Charlotte in 1994.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA championship as an 8 seed still stands as the lowest seed ever to win the title. The game is referred to as ``The Perfect Game ''as they shot a record 78.6% as a team for the game. Their 2016 NCAA Championship, is referred to as`` The Perfect Ending'' and is the only NCAA Men's Championship game to be won on a buzzer beater, as Kris Jenkins drained a shot as time expired. They made the Final Four in 1939, 1971, 1985, 2009, 2016 and 2018; their six Final Four appearances are 13th most all - time. As of 2018, they have an NCAA Tournament record of 64 -- 36 (. 640). Villanova has defeated six No. 1 seeds in the NCAA tournament (Michigan and Georgetown in 1985, Pittsburgh in 2009, and Kansas and North Carolina in 2016, and Kansas in 2018), which is sixth most all - time. The Villanova Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 37 times, the eighth highest total in NCAA history. They have won the Big East regular season championship eight times, most recently winning four straight from 2014 to 2017. They won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Villanova entered the 2016 -- 2017 season with an all - time winning percentage of (. 648), placing the Wildcats tied for 13th among all NCAA Division I basketball programs. Through 2018, Villanova has 1,753 wins, which is 23rd among Division I men's basketball teams. Villanova has won the Philadelphia Big Five 26 times which is the second most of any team, including five straight from 2014 to 2018. The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 17 times, winning in 1994.", "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball" } ]	Who did the winner of the 1985 NCAA men's basketball championship, lose to in the 2017 tournament?	Wisconsin	[ "WI" ]	Title: University of Kansas Passage: The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title. Title: Louisville Cardinals men's basketball Passage: The Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team is the men's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville (U of L) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) of NCAA Division I. The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 (with the 2013 title being vacated); and have officially been to 8 Final Fours (with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated) in 38 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins. Title: Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball Passage: Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances (58), NCAA tournament wins (126), NCAA Tournament games played (177), NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances (43), NCAA Elite Eight appearances (37), and total postseason tournament appearances (65). Further, Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours (tied for 2nd place all - time with UCLA), 12 NCAA Championship games, and has won 8 NCAA championships (second only to UCLA's 11). In addition to these titles, Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in both 1946 and 1976, making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships. Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty - two 20 - win seasons, fifteen 30 - win seasons, and six 35 - win seasons. Title: 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Passage: Eighth - seed Villanova, coached by Rollie Massimino, won their first national title with a 66 -- 64 victory in the final game over Georgetown, coached by John Thompson. Ed Pinckney of Villanova was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. The game, often cited as ``The Perfect Game '', is widely considered among the greatest upsets in college basketball history, and is the second biggest point - spread upset in Championship Game history. This Villanova team remains the lowest - seeded team to win the tournament. The Wildcats are also notable as the last Division I men's national champion to date to represent a school that did not sponsor varsity football at the time of its title (Villanova had dropped football after the 1980 season and did not reinstate the sport until the 1985 season, the first after the championship game). The game is also notable as the last played without a shot clock. Title: NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Passage: NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Upcoming season or competition: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Sport College basketball Founded 1939 No. of teams 68 (since 2011) Most recent champion (s) North Carolina (6th title) Most titles UCLA (11 titles) TV partner (s) CBS TNT TruTV TBS CBS Sports Network (re-airs) Galavision (Spanish - coverage) Official website NCAA.com Title: 2016–17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team Passage: The 2016 -- 17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team represented Villanova University in the 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Jay Wright in his 16th year, the Wildcats participated in the Big East Conference and played their home games at The Pavilion, with some select home games at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They finished the season 32 -- 4, 15 -- 3 in Big East play to win the regular season championship. In the Big East Tournament, they defeated St. John's, Seton Hall, and Creighton to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. The Wildcats were given the Tournament's overall No. 1 seed as a No. 1 seed in the East region. In the First Round they defeated Mount St. Mary's before being upset by No. 8 - seeded Wisconsin in the Second Round. The loss marked the second time in the previous three tournaments that Villanova was upset by an eighth - seeded team. Title: NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Passage: With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is in third place, with six titles, Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) and University of Louisville are tied with three championships. Since 1985, when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, North Carolina and Duke have each won five championships; Connecticut has four; Kentucky has three; Kansas, Louisville, Florida, and Villanova have two; UCLA, Indiana, and Michigan State have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. Title: ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Passage: ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Conference basketball championship Sport Basketball Conference Atlantic Coast Conference Number of teams 15 Format Single - elimination tournament Current stadium Barclays Center Current location Brooklyn, New York Played 1954 -- present Last contest 2018 Current champion Virginia Cavaliers Most championships Duke Blue Devils (20) TV partner (s) ESPN, ACC Network, Official website TheACC.com Men's Basketball Title: NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Passage: With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is third, with six national titles, and Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) & Villanova are tied for 7th with three national titles. Since 1985, when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. Title: Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball Passage: Marquette Golden Eagles 2017 -- 18 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team University Marquette University Head coach Steve Wojciechowski (4th season) Conference Big East Arena Bradley Center (Capacity: 18,850) Nickname Golden Eagles Colors Blue and Gold Uniforms Home Away NCAA Tournament champions 1977 NCAA Tournament runner - up NCAA Tournament Final Four 1974, 1977, 2003 NCAA Tournament Elite Eight 1955, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1977, 2003, 2013 NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen 1955, 1959, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1994, 2003, 2011, 2012, 2013 NCAA Tournament Round of 32 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 NCAA Tournament appearances 1955, 1959, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017 Conference tournament champions 1997 Conference regular season champions 1994, 2003, 2013 Title: Loyola Ramblers men's basketball Passage: In 1963, Loyola won the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament (then the ``NCAA University Division '') men's basketball national championship under the leadership of All - American Jerry Harkness, defeating two - time defending champion Cincinnati 60 -- 58 in overtime in the title game. All five starters for the Ramblers played the entire championship game without substitution. Title: Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball Passage: The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas. The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference. Kansas is considered one of the most prestigious college basketball programs in the country with 3 NCAA Tournament championships and 5 overall national championships, as well being a National Runner - Up six times. Kansas is the all - time consecutive conference titles record holder with 14 consecutive titles, which is an active streak. Title: Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball Passage: The Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represents Indiana University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men's basketball (1940, 1953, 1976, 1981, 1987) -- the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight. Indiana's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men's basketball champion. Title: Tennessee Passage: In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932. The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team has won four SEC championships and reached the NCAA Elite Eight in 2010. In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles. Title: Mike Krzyzewski Passage: On March 18, 1980, Krzyzewski was named the head coach at Duke University after five seasons at Army. After a few rebuilding seasons, he and the Blue Devils became a fixture on the national basketball scene with 31 NCAA Tournament berths in the past 32 years and 22 consecutive from 1996 to 2017, which is the second - longest current streak of tournament appearances behind Kansas, which has appeared in the tournament in 27 consecutive seasons. Overall, he has taken his program to postseason play in 31 of his 34 years at Duke and is the most winning active coach in men's NCAA Tournament play with an 86 -- 25 record for a. 767 winning percentage. His Duke teams have won 13 ACC Championships, been to 12 Final Fours, and won five NCAA tournament National Championships. Title: North Carolina Passage: College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina. College basketball in particular is very popular, buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest. The ACC Championship Game and The Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium, featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference. Additionally, the state has hosted the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four on two occasions, in Greensboro in 1974 and in Charlotte in 1994. Title: 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game Passage: The 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the finals of the 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament and it determined the national champion for the 2012 - 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 2013 National Championship Game was played on April 8, 2013 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, and featured the 2013 Midwest Regional Champions, # 1 - seeded Louisville, and the 2013 South Regional Champions, # 4 - seeded Michigan. Louisville's title was subsequently vacated by the NCAA on June 15, 2017 as the result of sex, stripper, and / or prostitution scandal related to both players on this team, as well as potential recruits. This decision was upheld on February 20, 2018. Title: Arizona Wildcats men's basketball Passage: From 1985 to 2009, the Arizona basketball team reached the NCAA Division I Tournament for 25 consecutive years, two years shy of North Carolina's record with 27. Despite having their 1999 and 2008 appearances later vacated by the NCAA, the media still cites Arizona's streak, and simply notes the changes. The Wildcats have reached the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament on four occasions (1988, 1994, 1997, and 2001). They have also made two appearances in the National Championship (won over Kentucky Wildcats in 1997, lost to Duke Blue Devils in 2001). In Pac - 10 play, former head coach Lute Olson currently holds the record for most wins as a Pac - 10 coach with 327. In addition, the team has won sixteen Pac - 10 / 12 regular season championship titles and seven Pac - 10 / 12 tournament championship titles. Arizona also holds the distinction of recording five out of the seven 17 -- 1 Pac - 10 seasons (one - loss seasons). No team has gone undefeated since the formation of the Pac - 10 / 12. Title: Villanova Wildcats men's basketball Passage: The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA championship as an 8 seed still stands as the lowest seed ever to win the title. The game is referred to as ``The Perfect Game ''as they shot a record 78.6% as a team for the game. Their 2016 NCAA Championship, is referred to as`` The Perfect Ending'' and is the only NCAA Men's Championship game to be won on a buzzer beater, as Kris Jenkins drained a shot as time expired. They made the Final Four in 1939, 1971, 1985, 2009, 2016 and 2018; their six Final Four appearances are 13th most all - time. As of 2018, they have an NCAA Tournament record of 64 -- 36 (. 640). Villanova has defeated six No. 1 seeds in the NCAA tournament (Michigan and Georgetown in 1985, Pittsburgh in 2009, and Kansas and North Carolina in 2016, and Kansas in 2018), which is sixth most all - time. The Villanova Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 37 times, the eighth highest total in NCAA history. They have won the Big East regular season championship eight times, most recently winning four straight from 2014 to 2017. They won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Villanova entered the 2016 -- 2017 season with an all - time winning percentage of (. 648), placing the Wildcats tied for 13th among all NCAA Division I basketball programs. Through 2018, Villanova has 1,753 wins, which is 23rd among Division I men's basketball teams. Villanova has won the Philadelphia Big Five 26 times which is the second most of any team, including five straight from 2014 to 2018. The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 17 times, winning in 1994. Title: National Invitation Tournament Passage: Men's National Invitation Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 National Invitation Tournament National Invitation Tournament Sport College Basketball Founded 1938 Founder Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association No. of teams 32 Most recent champion (s) Penn State (2) Most titles St. John's (5) TV partner (s) ESPN Related competitions NIT Season Tip - Off NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship College Basketball Invitational CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament Vegas 16 Official website https://www.ncaa.com/championships/basketball-men/nit	[ "2016–17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team", "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" ]
3hop1__337919_841757_126073	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unlike a bumble bee colony or a paper wasp colony, the life of a honey bee colony is perennial. The three types of honey bees in a hive are: queens (egg - producers), workers (non-reproducing females), and drones (males whose main duty is to find and mate with a queen). Honey bees hatch from eggs in three to four days. They are then fed by worker bees and develop through several stages in the cells. Cells are capped by worker bees when the larva pupates. Queens and drones are larger than workers, so require larger cells to develop. A colony may typically consist of tens of thousands of individuals.", "title": "Honey bee life cycle" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bracknell Bees were formed in 1987, under the ownership of John Nike OBE. Bees began life in the Heineken League Division Two, under the leadership of former Durham Wasps and Nottingham Panthers forward, Jamie Crapper, where they finished 6th. The following season, Heineken withdrew their sponsorship of the second division, which was renamed the English League Division 1. Bees narrowly missed out on the championship to the Humberside Seahawks, but then won the league the following season, gaining promotion to the Heineken League Division 1. Having finished third, behind Humberside and the Slough Jets, Bees progressed to the top tier of British hockey, the Heineken Premier Division, via the play-offs, alongside the Seahawks.", "title": "Bracknell Bees" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Secret Life of Bees The Secret Life of Bees cover Author Sue Monk Kidd Translator Wally Frank Illustrator Kim Ellington Cover artist Borgin Reput Country United States Genre Fiction Published November 8th 2001", "title": "The Secret Life of Bees (novel)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time in Place is the third studio album by guitarist Mike Stern, released in 1988 through Atlantic Records and reissued on September 18, 2007 through Wounded Bird Records.", "title": "Time in Place" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rivingtons followed up their 1962 Billboard Hot 100 hit ``Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow ''with the similar`` The Bird's the Word'' in 1963. The Trashmen had not heard this version but saw a band called The Sorensen Brothers playing it. They decided to play the song that night at their own gig. During this first performance, drummer and vocalist Steve Wahrer stopped playing and ad - libbed the ``Surfin 'Bird ''middle section. Despite not knowing`` The Bird's the Word'' was a Rivingtons song, the similarity to ``Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow ''was obvious and The Trashmen added the chorus to the end of their new track.", "title": "Surfin' Bird" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harrison Bluff is a pale-colored trachyte headland forming the seaward termination of Trachyte Hill and marking the southern end of McDonald Beach on the western side of Mount Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica. Many skuas nest on the bluff. A survey station marked by a rock cairn was placed on the top of the northwest corner of the bluff by E.B. Fitzgerald of the Cape Bird party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1958–59, and the bluff was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee for J. Harrison, mountaineer-assistant with the expedition.", "title": "Harrison Bluff" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bee was born in Toronto, Ontario, the daughter of Debra and Ronald Bee. She has said of her family: \"Dating from well before the turn of the 20th century, if there has ever been a successful, happy marriage in my family lineage, I've yet to hear about it.\" Bee's parents split up soon after her birth, and she was initially raised by her grandmother, who worked as a secretary at the Catholic school Bee attended, on Roncesvalles Avenue during her childhood. She attended Humberside Collegiate Institute and York Memorial Collegiate Institute.", "title": "Samantha Bee" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "100 Ways to Murder Your Wife is a 1986 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Kenny Bee and starring Bee, Anita Mui, Chow Yun-fat and Joey Wong.", "title": "100 Ways to Murder Your Wife" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bee Movie opened on November 2, 2007. Upon release, the film was met with mixed reviews, with primary criticism directed at the film's premise. While domestic box office performance failed to recoup its $150 million budget, it ultimately saw worldwide box office performance of $287.6 million and Domestic Video Sales of $92.7 million.", "title": "Bee Movie" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to - late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three - part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to - late 1970s and 1980s. The Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.", "title": "Bee Gees" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon.", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bee Movie is a 2007 American computer animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Directed by Simon J. Smith and Steve Hickner, the film stars Jerry Seinfeld and Renée Zellweger, with Matthew Broderick, Patrick Warburton, John Goodman and Chris Rock in supporting roles. Its story follows Barry B. Benson (Seinfeld), a honey bee who sues the human race for exploiting bees, after learning from his florist friend Vanessa (Zellweger) that humans sell and consume honey.", "title": "Bee Movie" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent of Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first U.S. city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet. It is characterised by the fusion of two or more digits of the feet. This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and mammals, such as kangaroos. In humans it is considered unusual, occurring in approximately one in 2,000 to 2,500 live births.", "title": "Webbed toes" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"The Birds and the Bees\" was a 1964 single release by Jewel Akens with a lyric based on the \"birds and the bees\" idiom commonly referenced with regard to affording young people their introductory sex education. An international hit in 1965, \"The Birds and the Bees\" was reminiscent of such 1950s' honky tonk-style hits as \"Blueberry Hill\" by Fats Domino and \"Kansas City\" by Wilbert Harrison.", "title": "The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewel Eugene Akens (September 12, 1933, Houston, Texas – March 1, 2013, Inglewood, California) was an American singer and record producer.", "title": "Jewel Akens" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Twelve - year - old Cole Johnson is bullied by his neighbor Jeremy, but his babysitter Bee stands up for him and scares Jeremy off. The following day, when his parents go out for an overnight stay at a hotel, Bee and Cole spend quality time together until he has to go to bed. Cole is encouraged by a text from his neighbor and best friend Melanie to go see what Bee gets up to after he goes to sleep. To his surprise, he sees what looks like Bee and several of her high school friends: Max, John, Allison, Sonya, and Samuel. They are playing a game of truth or dare formatted as a game of spin the bottle. However, as Bee kisses Samuel on a dare, she pulls two daggers from behind her back and stabs him in the skull. The others collect Samuel's blood, revealing themselves to be members of a demonic cult. Cole hurries to his room where he calls 911, puts on his shoes, and finds a pocket knife. He pretends to be asleep as Bee and the cult members enter his room to draw a blood sample. After they leave, he tries to escape out the window but Bee stays in the room, and Cole passes out from the exhaustion.", "title": "The Babysitter (2017 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Looking at Bird is a studio album by American jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp and bassist Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, featuring performances recorded in 1980 and released on the Danish-based SteepleChase label. The album consists of duets on composisitions written by, or associated with, Charlie Parker.", "title": "Looking at Bird" } ]	Who was in charge of the birthplace of The Birds and the Bees' performer?	Annise Parker	[]	Title: Bird migration Passage: Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon. Title: Harrison Bluff Passage: Harrison Bluff is a pale-colored trachyte headland forming the seaward termination of Trachyte Hill and marking the southern end of McDonald Beach on the western side of Mount Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica. Many skuas nest on the bluff. A survey station marked by a rock cairn was placed on the top of the northwest corner of the bluff by E.B. Fitzgerald of the Cape Bird party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1958–59, and the bluff was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee for J. Harrison, mountaineer-assistant with the expedition. Title: Houston Passage: Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent of Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first U.S. city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker. Title: Looking at Bird Passage: Looking at Bird is a studio album by American jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp and bassist Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, featuring performances recorded in 1980 and released on the Danish-based SteepleChase label. The album consists of duets on composisitions written by, or associated with, Charlie Parker. Title: Time in Place Passage: Time in Place is the third studio album by guitarist Mike Stern, released in 1988 through Atlantic Records and reissued on September 18, 2007 through Wounded Bird Records. Title: International Who's Who in Music Passage: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements. Title: The Babysitter (2017 film) Passage: Twelve - year - old Cole Johnson is bullied by his neighbor Jeremy, but his babysitter Bee stands up for him and scares Jeremy off. The following day, when his parents go out for an overnight stay at a hotel, Bee and Cole spend quality time together until he has to go to bed. Cole is encouraged by a text from his neighbor and best friend Melanie to go see what Bee gets up to after he goes to sleep. To his surprise, he sees what looks like Bee and several of her high school friends: Max, John, Allison, Sonya, and Samuel. They are playing a game of truth or dare formatted as a game of spin the bottle. However, as Bee kisses Samuel on a dare, she pulls two daggers from behind her back and stabs him in the skull. The others collect Samuel's blood, revealing themselves to be members of a demonic cult. Cole hurries to his room where he calls 911, puts on his shoes, and finds a pocket knife. He pretends to be asleep as Bee and the cult members enter his room to draw a blood sample. After they leave, he tries to escape out the window but Bee stays in the room, and Cole passes out from the exhaustion. Title: Bracknell Bees Passage: The Bracknell Bees were formed in 1987, under the ownership of John Nike OBE. Bees began life in the Heineken League Division Two, under the leadership of former Durham Wasps and Nottingham Panthers forward, Jamie Crapper, where they finished 6th. The following season, Heineken withdrew their sponsorship of the second division, which was renamed the English League Division 1. Bees narrowly missed out on the championship to the Humberside Seahawks, but then won the league the following season, gaining promotion to the Heineken League Division 1. Having finished third, behind Humberside and the Slough Jets, Bees progressed to the top tier of British hockey, the Heineken Premier Division, via the play-offs, alongside the Seahawks. Title: Jewel Akens Passage: Jewel Eugene Akens (September 12, 1933, Houston, Texas – March 1, 2013, Inglewood, California) was an American singer and record producer. Title: Webbed toes Passage: Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet. It is characterised by the fusion of two or more digits of the feet. This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and mammals, such as kangaroos. In humans it is considered unusual, occurring in approximately one in 2,000 to 2,500 live births. Title: Bee Movie Passage: Bee Movie opened on November 2, 2007. Upon release, the film was met with mixed reviews, with primary criticism directed at the film's premise. While domestic box office performance failed to recoup its $150 million budget, it ultimately saw worldwide box office performance of $287.6 million and Domestic Video Sales of $92.7 million. Title: Bee Movie Passage: Bee Movie is a 2007 American computer animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Directed by Simon J. Smith and Steve Hickner, the film stars Jerry Seinfeld and Renée Zellweger, with Matthew Broderick, Patrick Warburton, John Goodman and Chris Rock in supporting roles. Its story follows Barry B. Benson (Seinfeld), a honey bee who sues the human race for exploiting bees, after learning from his florist friend Vanessa (Zellweger) that humans sell and consume honey. Title: Samantha Bee Passage: Bee was born in Toronto, Ontario, the daughter of Debra and Ronald Bee. She has said of her family: "Dating from well before the turn of the 20th century, if there has ever been a successful, happy marriage in my family lineage, I've yet to hear about it." Bee's parents split up soon after her birth, and she was initially raised by her grandmother, who worked as a secretary at the Catholic school Bee attended, on Roncesvalles Avenue during her childhood. She attended Humberside Collegiate Institute and York Memorial Collegiate Institute. Title: 100 Ways to Murder Your Wife Passage: 100 Ways to Murder Your Wife is a 1986 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Kenny Bee and starring Bee, Anita Mui, Chow Yun-fat and Joey Wong. Title: Surfin' Bird Passage: The Rivingtons followed up their 1962 Billboard Hot 100 hit ``Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow ''with the similar`` The Bird's the Word'' in 1963. The Trashmen had not heard this version but saw a band called The Sorensen Brothers playing it. They decided to play the song that night at their own gig. During this first performance, drummer and vocalist Steve Wahrer stopped playing and ad - libbed the ``Surfin 'Bird ''middle section. Despite not knowing`` The Bird's the Word'' was a Rivingtons song, the similarity to ``Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow ''was obvious and The Trashmen added the chorus to the end of their new track. Title: Honey bee life cycle Passage: Unlike a bumble bee colony or a paper wasp colony, the life of a honey bee colony is perennial. The three types of honey bees in a hive are: queens (egg - producers), workers (non-reproducing females), and drones (males whose main duty is to find and mate with a queen). Honey bees hatch from eggs in three to four days. They are then fed by worker bees and develop through several stages in the cells. Cells are capped by worker bees when the larva pupates. Queens and drones are larger than workers, so require larger cells to develop. A colony may typically consist of tens of thousands of individuals. Title: Beyoncé Passage: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy. Title: Bee Gees Passage: The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to - late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three - part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to - late 1970s and 1980s. The Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. Title: The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song) Passage: "The Birds and the Bees" was a 1964 single release by Jewel Akens with a lyric based on the "birds and the bees" idiom commonly referenced with regard to affording young people their introductory sex education. An international hit in 1965, "The Birds and the Bees" was reminiscent of such 1950s' honky tonk-style hits as "Blueberry Hill" by Fats Domino and "Kansas City" by Wilbert Harrison. Title: The Secret Life of Bees (novel) Passage: The Secret Life of Bees The Secret Life of Bees cover Author Sue Monk Kidd Translator Wally Frank Illustrator Kim Ellington Cover artist Borgin Reput Country United States Genre Fiction Published November 8th 2001	[ "Houston", "The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song)", "Jewel Akens" ]
2hop__779657_332063	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Timothy Drury (born July 5, 1961) is an American keyboardist, guitarist and vocalist. He was the keyboard player in rock band Whitesnake until September 2010. He is the son of actor James Drury.", "title": "Timothy Drury" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Truckee Range is a mountain range located in western Nevada in the United States. The border between Washoe County and Churchill County runs along the ridge. The ridge runs north-south for approximately 30 miles.", "title": "Truckee Range" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nathaniel Monroe Marshall (June 13, 1854 Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York – February 16, 1935 Malone, Franklin County, New York) was an American banker and politician.", "title": "N. Monroe Marshall" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River.", "title": "Enterprise, Northwest Territories" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pidkamin (, ) is an urban-type settlement in Brody Raion (district), Lviv oblast in Ukraine. It is located near the administrative border of three oblasts, Lviv, Rivne, and Ternopil. Population:", "title": "Pidkamin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania.", "title": "Northern Territory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Drury Run (also known as Drury's Run) is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long and its watershed is 11.5 square miles in area, most of which is forest. The stream's tributaries are affected by acid mine drainage, as are the lower reaches of the stream itself. It begins in Tamarack Swamp and flows through Leidy Township, Noyes Township, and Renovo. Brook trout, brown trout, creek chub, and eastern blacknose dace all inhabit the stream.", "title": "Drury Run" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denmark has existed with its current borders since 1921. The only terrestrial border of Denmark is that with Germany, with a length of 68 km. The border along the territorial waters (12 nautical miles zone) with Sweden runs along the Øresund for a length of about 115 km.", "title": "Borders of Denmark" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793.", "title": "Minsk Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property.", "title": "Kennedy Space Center" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Drury Township is located in Rock Island County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 797 and it contained 328 housing units.", "title": "Drury Township, Rock Island County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" } ]	What region shares border with the region where Drury Run is located?	Franklin County	[]	Title: Truckee Range Passage: The Truckee Range is a mountain range located in western Nevada in the United States. The border between Washoe County and Churchill County runs along the ridge. The ridge runs north-south for approximately 30 miles. Title: Timothy Drury Passage: Timothy Drury (born July 5, 1961) is an American keyboardist, guitarist and vocalist. He was the keyboard player in rock band Whitesnake until September 2010. He is the son of actor James Drury. Title: Northern Territory Passage: The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. Title: Dallol (woreda) Passage: Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda. Title: Pidkamin Passage: Pidkamin (, ) is an urban-type settlement in Brody Raion (district), Lviv oblast in Ukraine. It is located near the administrative border of three oblasts, Lviv, Rivne, and Ternopil. Population: Title: Marussia Motors Passage: In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: N. Monroe Marshall Passage: Nathaniel Monroe Marshall (June 13, 1854 Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York – February 16, 1935 Malone, Franklin County, New York) was an American banker and politician. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Minsk Voivodeship Passage: Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793. Title: Enterprise, Northwest Territories Passage: Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River. Title: Drury Township, Rock Island County, Illinois Passage: Drury Township is located in Rock Island County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 797 and it contained 328 housing units. Title: Drury Run Passage: Drury Run (also known as Drury's Run) is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long and its watershed is 11.5 square miles in area, most of which is forest. The stream's tributaries are affected by acid mine drainage, as are the lower reaches of the stream itself. It begins in Tamarack Swamp and flows through Leidy Township, Noyes Township, and Renovo. Brook trout, brown trout, creek chub, and eastern blacknose dace all inhabit the stream. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Kennedy Space Center Passage: The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property. Title: Kingdom of Gera Passage: The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera. Title: Borders of Denmark Passage: Denmark has existed with its current borders since 1921. The only terrestrial border of Denmark is that with Germany, with a length of 68 km. The border along the territorial waters (12 nautical miles zone) with Sweden runs along the Øresund for a length of about 115 km. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Estonia Passage: Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.	[ "N. Monroe Marshall", "Drury Run" ]
2hop__92441_90450	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain is one of the world's leading countries in the development and production of renewable energy. In 2010 Spain became the solar power world leader when it overtook the United States with a massive power station plant called La Florida, near Alvarado, Badajoz. Spain is also Europe's main producer of wind energy. In 2010 its wind turbines generated 42,976 GWh, which accounted for 16.4% of all electrical energy produced in Spain. On 9 November 2010, wind energy reached an instantaneous historic peak covering 53% of mainland electricity demand and generating an amount of energy that is equivalent to that of 14 nuclear reactors. Other renewable energies used in Spain are hydroelectric, biomass and marine (2 power plants under construction).Non-renewable energy sources used in Spain are nuclear (8 operative reactors), gas, coal, and oil. Fossil fuels together generated 58% of Spain's electricity in 2009, just below the OECD mean of 61%. Nuclear power generated another 19%, and wind and hydro about 12% each.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José María Campo Serrano (8 September 1832 – 6 January 1915) was a Colombian lawyer, general, and statesman, who became President of Colombia after the resignation of the President and the dismissal of the Vice President. He sanctioned the Constitution of 1886 that created the Republic of Colombia proceeding the United States of Colombia. A Samarian Costeño, he became president of the Sovereign State of Magdalena, and Antioquia, Governor of Panama, and held various Ministries during his career as a politician.", "title": "José María Campo Serrano" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Nebraska became the eighteenth state to have installed over 1,000 MW of wind power capacity. Texas, with over 20,000 MW of capacity, had the most installed wind power capacity of any U.S. state at the end of 2016. Texas also had more under construction than any other state currently has installed. The state generating the highest percentage of energy from wind power is Iowa. North Dakota has the most per capita wind generation. The Alta Wind Energy Center in California is the largest wind farm in the United States with a capacity of 1548 MW. GE Energy is the largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer.", "title": "Wind power in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Granite Reliable Wind Farm is a 99-megawatt wind farm, opened in 2011 in Millsfield and Dixville, New Hampshire, in the northeast United States. Owned by Brookfield Renewable, it is the second major wind-power installation in the state of New Hampshire. Most of the electricity generated will be sold to utilities in Vermont, Central Vermont Public Service and Green Mountain Power. Power from the wind turbines is connected through three 34.5 kV lines to a substation and from there through a 115 kV line. The wind farm was constructed by Madison, Wisconsin-based RMT Inc.", "title": "Granite Reliable Wind Farm" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice President of the United States Seal of the Vice President Flag of the Vice President Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 United States Senate Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mr. President (as President of the Senate) His Excellency (international correspondence) Status Second - highest executive branch officer President of the Senate Member of Cabinet National Security Council National Space Council (Chairman) United States Senate (President) Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Nominator President of the United States, Political parties Appointer Electoral College of the United States Term length 4 years, no term limit Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Adams April 21, 1789 Succession First Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate (in the Senate) Salary US $230,700 annually Website www.whitehouse.gov", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the pardon power for offences against the United States is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties.", "title": "Pardon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the pardon power for federal crimes is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties.", "title": "Pardon" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first hundred days of a first - term presidency of a President of the United States are sometimes used to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest. The term was coined in a July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 - day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration.", "title": "First hundred days" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. At the same time, the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.", "title": "Politics of the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Treaty Powers Resolution was a bill proposed by Senator Dick Clark in 1976, which attempted the limit the power of the President of the United States to make executive agreements with foreign nations. Under this bill, the Senate would have the power to reject any international agreement done by executive action, even if the agreement was not classified as a treaty by the President.", "title": "Treaty Powers Resolution" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Almost immediately after achieving territorial status, a clamor arose for statehood. On December 28, 1846, Iowa became the 29th state in the Union when President James K. Polk signed Iowa's admission bill into law. Once admitted to the Union, the state's boundary issues resolved, and most of its land purchased from the Indians, Iowa set its direction to development and organized campaigns for settlers and investors, boasting the young frontier state's rich farmlands, fine citizens, free and open society, and good government.", "title": "Iowa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Verona Mills is a hamletin Oneida County, New York, United States. On April 26, 2011, a tornado (classified as EF-1) with 100 mph winds associated with the 2011 Super Outbreak hit a wooded area near Verona Mills, near New York State Route 49, uprooting trees and snapping a power pole.", "title": "Verona Mills, New York" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Worldwide use of solar power and wind power continued to grow significantly in 2012. Solar electricity consumption increased by 58 percent, to 93 terawatt-hours (TWh). Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh. Global solar and wind energy installed capacities continued to expand even though new investments in these technologies declined during 2012. Worldwide investment in solar power in 2012 was $140.4 billion, an 11 percent decline from 2011, and wind power investment was down 10.1 percent, to $80.3 billion. But due to lower production costs for both technologies, total installed capacities grew sharply. This investment decline, but growth in installed capacity, may again occur in 2013. Analysts expect the market to triple by 2030. In 2015, investment in renewables exceeded fossils.", "title": "Renewable energy commercialization" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 2001, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom implemented a new wind chill index developed by scientists and medical experts on the Joint Action Group for Temperature Indices (JAG / TI). It is determined by iterating a model of skin temperature under various wind speeds and temperatures using standard engineering correlations of wind speed and heat transfer rate. Heat transfer was calculated for a bare face in wind, facing the wind, while walking into it at 1.4 metres per second (5.0 km / h). The model corrects the officially measured wind speed to the wind speed at face height, assuming the person is in an open field. The results of this model may be approximated, to within one degree, from the following formula:", "title": "Wind chill" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wind Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 5,342 at the 2010 census. Wind Lake is in the town of Norway.", "title": "Wind Lake, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm in Atlantic City, in Atlantic County, New Jersey, is the first coastal wind farm in the United States and the first wind farm in New Jersey. It became operational in March 2006 and consists of five 1.5 MW turbines built by General Electric. Each wind turbine reaches a height of .", "title": "Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water - pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility - scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of September 2017, Indiana had a total of 1897 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states.", "title": "Wind power in Indiana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bretton Woods system collapsed in what became known as the Nixon Shock. This was a series of economic measures taken by United States President Richard Nixon in 1971, including unilaterally canceling the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold. Since then, a system of national fiat monies has been used globally, with freely floating exchange rates between the major currencies.", "title": "Fiat money" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs. Global wind power installations increased by 35,800 MW in 2010, bringing total installed capacity up to 194,400 MW, a 22.5% increase on the 158,700 MW installed at the end of 2009. The increase for 2010 represents investments totalling €47.3 billion (US$65 billion) and for the first time more than half of all new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven, by the continuing boom in China which accounted for nearly half of all of the installations at 16,500 MW. China now has 42,300 MW of wind power installed. Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generated in Denmark, 9% in Spain and Portugal, and 6% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland. In Australian state of South Australia wind power, championed by Premier Mike Rann (2002–2011), now comprises 26% of the state's electricity generation, edging out coal fired power. At the end of 2011 South Australia, with 7.2% of Australia's population, had 54%of the nation's installed wind power capacity. Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%. These are some of the largest wind farms in the world:", "title": "Renewable energy commercialization" } ]	Who was president when statehood was achieved by the area where wind power is used most in the U.S.?	President James K. Polk	[ "James K. Polk" ]	Title: Wind power in Indiana Passage: Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water - pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility - scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of September 2017, Indiana had a total of 1897 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states. Title: Fiat money Passage: The Bretton Woods system collapsed in what became known as the Nixon Shock. This was a series of economic measures taken by United States President Richard Nixon in 1971, including unilaterally canceling the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold. Since then, a system of national fiat monies has been used globally, with freely floating exchange rates between the major currencies. Title: Wind power in the United States Passage: In 2016, Nebraska became the eighteenth state to have installed over 1,000 MW of wind power capacity. Texas, with over 20,000 MW of capacity, had the most installed wind power capacity of any U.S. state at the end of 2016. Texas also had more under construction than any other state currently has installed. The state generating the highest percentage of energy from wind power is Iowa. North Dakota has the most per capita wind generation. The Alta Wind Energy Center in California is the largest wind farm in the United States with a capacity of 1548 MW. GE Energy is the largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer. Title: Wind chill Passage: In November 2001, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom implemented a new wind chill index developed by scientists and medical experts on the Joint Action Group for Temperature Indices (JAG / TI). It is determined by iterating a model of skin temperature under various wind speeds and temperatures using standard engineering correlations of wind speed and heat transfer rate. Heat transfer was calculated for a bare face in wind, facing the wind, while walking into it at 1.4 metres per second (5.0 km / h). The model corrects the officially measured wind speed to the wind speed at face height, assuming the person is in an open field. The results of this model may be approximated, to within one degree, from the following formula: Title: Politics of the United States Passage: The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. At the same time, the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Title: Wind Lake, Wisconsin Passage: Wind Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 5,342 at the 2010 census. Wind Lake is in the town of Norway. Title: Pardon Passage: In the United States, the pardon power for federal crimes is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings. Title: Granite Reliable Wind Farm Passage: Granite Reliable Wind Farm is a 99-megawatt wind farm, opened in 2011 in Millsfield and Dixville, New Hampshire, in the northeast United States. Owned by Brookfield Renewable, it is the second major wind-power installation in the state of New Hampshire. Most of the electricity generated will be sold to utilities in Vermont, Central Vermont Public Service and Green Mountain Power. Power from the wind turbines is connected through three 34.5 kV lines to a substation and from there through a 115 kV line. The wind farm was constructed by Madison, Wisconsin-based RMT Inc. Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs. Global wind power installations increased by 35,800 MW in 2010, bringing total installed capacity up to 194,400 MW, a 22.5% increase on the 158,700 MW installed at the end of 2009. The increase for 2010 represents investments totalling €47.3 billion (US$65 billion) and for the first time more than half of all new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven, by the continuing boom in China which accounted for nearly half of all of the installations at 16,500 MW. China now has 42,300 MW of wind power installed. Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generated in Denmark, 9% in Spain and Portugal, and 6% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland. In Australian state of South Australia wind power, championed by Premier Mike Rann (2002–2011), now comprises 26% of the state's electricity generation, edging out coal fired power. At the end of 2011 South Australia, with 7.2% of Australia's population, had 54%of the nation's installed wind power capacity. Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%. These are some of the largest wind farms in the world: Title: Iowa Passage: Almost immediately after achieving territorial status, a clamor arose for statehood. On December 28, 1846, Iowa became the 29th state in the Union when President James K. Polk signed Iowa's admission bill into law. Once admitted to the Union, the state's boundary issues resolved, and most of its land purchased from the Indians, Iowa set its direction to development and organized campaigns for settlers and investors, boasting the young frontier state's rich farmlands, fine citizens, free and open society, and good government. Title: Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm Passage: The Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm in Atlantic City, in Atlantic County, New Jersey, is the first coastal wind farm in the United States and the first wind farm in New Jersey. It became operational in March 2006 and consists of five 1.5 MW turbines built by General Electric. Each wind turbine reaches a height of . Title: Verona Mills, New York Passage: Verona Mills is a hamletin Oneida County, New York, United States. On April 26, 2011, a tornado (classified as EF-1) with 100 mph winds associated with the 2011 Super Outbreak hit a wooded area near Verona Mills, near New York State Route 49, uprooting trees and snapping a power pole. Title: José María Campo Serrano Passage: José María Campo Serrano (8 September 1832 – 6 January 1915) was a Colombian lawyer, general, and statesman, who became President of Colombia after the resignation of the President and the dismissal of the Vice President. He sanctioned the Constitution of 1886 that created the Republic of Colombia proceeding the United States of Colombia. A Samarian Costeño, he became president of the Sovereign State of Magdalena, and Antioquia, Governor of Panama, and held various Ministries during his career as a politician. Title: First hundred days Passage: The first hundred days of a first - term presidency of a President of the United States are sometimes used to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest. The term was coined in a July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 - day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration. Title: Treaty Powers Resolution Passage: Treaty Powers Resolution was a bill proposed by Senator Dick Clark in 1976, which attempted the limit the power of the President of the United States to make executive agreements with foreign nations. Under this bill, the Senate would have the power to reject any international agreement done by executive action, even if the agreement was not classified as a treaty by the President. Title: Spain Passage: Spain is one of the world's leading countries in the development and production of renewable energy. In 2010 Spain became the solar power world leader when it overtook the United States with a massive power station plant called La Florida, near Alvarado, Badajoz. Spain is also Europe's main producer of wind energy. In 2010 its wind turbines generated 42,976 GWh, which accounted for 16.4% of all electrical energy produced in Spain. On 9 November 2010, wind energy reached an instantaneous historic peak covering 53% of mainland electricity demand and generating an amount of energy that is equivalent to that of 14 nuclear reactors. Other renewable energies used in Spain are hydroelectric, biomass and marine (2 power plants under construction).Non-renewable energy sources used in Spain are nuclear (8 operative reactors), gas, coal, and oil. Fossil fuels together generated 58% of Spain's electricity in 2009, just below the OECD mean of 61%. Nuclear power generated another 19%, and wind and hydro about 12% each. Title: Pardon Passage: In the United States, the pardon power for offences against the United States is granted to the President of the United States under Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution which states that the President ``shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ''. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this language to include the power to grant pardons, conditional pardons, commutations of sentence, conditional commutations of sentence, remissions of fines and forfeitures, respites, and amnesties. Title: Vice President of the United States Passage: Vice President of the United States Seal of the Vice President Flag of the Vice President Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 United States Senate Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mr. President (as President of the Senate) His Excellency (international correspondence) Status Second - highest executive branch officer President of the Senate Member of Cabinet National Security Council National Space Council (Chairman) United States Senate (President) Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Nominator President of the United States, Political parties Appointer Electoral College of the United States Term length 4 years, no term limit Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Adams April 21, 1789 Succession First Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate (in the Senate) Salary US $230,700 annually Website www.whitehouse.gov Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: Worldwide use of solar power and wind power continued to grow significantly in 2012. Solar electricity consumption increased by 58 percent, to 93 terawatt-hours (TWh). Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh. Global solar and wind energy installed capacities continued to expand even though new investments in these technologies declined during 2012. Worldwide investment in solar power in 2012 was $140.4 billion, an 11 percent decline from 2011, and wind power investment was down 10.1 percent, to $80.3 billion. But due to lower production costs for both technologies, total installed capacities grew sharply. This investment decline, but growth in installed capacity, may again occur in 2013. Analysts expect the market to triple by 2030. In 2015, investment in renewables exceeded fossils.	[ "Wind power in the United States", "Iowa" ]
2hop__362341_10369	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katherine Simonds Dhanani is an American diplomat. She was nominated as the Ambassador of the United States to Somalia, having been nominated for the position on 25 February 2015 by U.S. President Barack Obama. Dhanani is the first official U.S. envoy to the country in over two decades. On May 11, 2015, it was reported that Dhanani had withdrawn her nomination to the post of Ambassador to Somalia for personal reasons.", "title": "Katherine Dhanani" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olga Havlová, born Šplíchalová (11 July 1933 in Prague – 27 January 1996 in Prague) was the first wife of Václav Havel, the last President of Czechoslovakia and first President of the Czech Republic.", "title": "Olga Havlová" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House First edition cover Author Michael Wolff Country United States Language English Subject Presidency of Donald Trump Published January 5, 2018 Publisher Henry Holt and Company Media type Print, e-book, audiobook Pages 336 ISBN 978 - 1 - 250 - 15806 - 2 (Hardcover)", "title": "Fire and Fury" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the ``state of the union ''and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on most networks.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the President of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Andes to rule the country, and was the first of five military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years.", "title": "Cipriano Castro" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Park Geun - hye (Hangul: 박근혜; Hanja: 朴槿惠; RR: Bak Geun (-) hye; IPA: (pak ‿ k͈ɯn. hje); born 2 February 1952) is a former South Korean politician who served as the 18th President of South Korea from 2013 to 2017. Park was the first woman to be President of South Korea and also the first female president popularly elected as head of state in East Asia. She was also the first South Korean president to be born after the country's founding; her predecessors were either born during Japanese rule or during the post-World War II transitional period.", "title": "Park Geun-hye" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``God Bless the U.S.A. ''is an American patriotic song written and recorded by country music artist Lee Greenwood, and is considered to be his signature song. The first album it appears on is 1984's You've Got a Good Love Comin '. It reached No. 7 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart when originally released in the spring of 1984, and was played at the 1984 Republican National Convention with President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan in attendance, but the song gained greater prominence during the Gulf War in 1990 and 1991, as a way of boosting morale.", "title": "God Bless the U.S.A." }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Cuba is one of the world's last remaining socialist countries following the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is \"guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin.\" The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the \"leading force of society and of the state\".The First Secretary of the Communist Party is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Prime Minister of Cuba). Members of both councils are elected by the National Assembly of People's Power. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office.", "title": "Cuba" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Medeho () is a town in the northeastern Obock Region of Djibouti. Medeho has one of the mildest climates in Djibouti, which is not always passable during the rainy season. The town is overlooked by Mabla Mountains, the fifth tallest mountain in Djibouti. As of 2016, the population of Medeho has been estimated to be 4,000.", "title": "Medeho" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as President of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004. She was previously the country's vice president from 21 October 1999 to 23 July 2001.", "title": "Megawati Sukarnoputri" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher (; 17 April 1909 – 9 December 1996) was a French centrist politician, affiliated first with the Popular Republican Movement and later with the Democratic Centre. He served as a Senator for Val-de-Marne from 1946 to 1995. He was President of the Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992 and, in that capacity, served twice as the country's interim president. A leading candidate in the 1969 presidential election, he was defeated by Georges Pompidou in the second round.", "title": "Alain Poher" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German \"Reichskanzler\", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents.", "title": "Bismarck monument" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State of Affairs is an American espionage thriller series created by Alexi Hawley, which premiered on NBC on November 17, 2014, during the 2014–15 American television season. The series stars Katherine Heigl as CIA analyst Charleston Tucker, who is tasked with assembling and presenting the President's Daily Briefing on the most vital security issues facing the country, and Alfre Woodard as the first black woman to be elected President of the United States, Constance Payton. After one season, NBC canceled \"State of Affairs\".", "title": "State of Affairs (TV series)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santos León Herrera (May 21, 1874, San José – May 8, 1950, San José) was interim president of Costa Rica for 18 days during the country's 1948 civil war, serving from April 20 - May 8 of that year. He also previously served as vice president of the country, as part of the Teodoro Picado Michalski administration of 1944 - 1948. Before that, he served as interior minister from 1932 - 1936.", "title": "Santos León Herrera" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The run-off took place on 11 January 2015, with Grabar-Kitarović winning 50.7% of the vote. She thereby became Croatia's first female post-independence head of state and the country's first conservative president in 15 years. She was ceremonially sworn into office on 15 February, and assumed office officially at midnight on 19 February 2015.Upon election, Grabar-Kitarović became the first woman in Europe to defeat an incumbent president running for reelection, as well as the second woman in the world to do so, after Violetta Chamorro of Nicaragua in 1990. She is also the first candidate of any gender to defeat an incumbent Croatian president. In addition, Grabar-Kitarović is the only presidential candidate to date to have won a Croatian presidential election without having won the most votes in the first round of elections, as she lost it by 1.24% or 21,000 votes. Furthermore, the 1.114 million votes she received in the second round is the lowest number of votes for any winning candidate in a presidential election in Croatia and the 1.48% victory margin against Josipović is the smallest in any such election to date.", "title": "Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander - in - chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II. The last Governor - General, Sir Ellis Clarke, was sworn in as the first President on 1 August 1976 under a transitional arrangement. He was formally chosen as President by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on 24 September 1976, which is now celebrated as Republic Day.", "title": "President of Trinidad and Tobago" } ]	Who was the first president of the country Medeho is located in?	Hassan Gouled Aptidon	[]	Title: Olga Havlová Passage: Olga Havlová, born Šplíchalová (11 July 1933 in Prague – 27 January 1996 in Prague) was the first wife of Václav Havel, the last President of Czechoslovakia and first President of the Czech Republic. Title: Santos León Herrera Passage: Santos León Herrera (May 21, 1874, San José – May 8, 1950, San José) was interim president of Costa Rica for 18 days during the country's 1948 civil war, serving from April 20 - May 8 of that year. He also previously served as vice president of the country, as part of the Teodoro Picado Michalski administration of 1944 - 1948. Before that, he served as interior minister from 1932 - 1936. Title: Alain Poher Passage: Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher (; 17 April 1909 – 9 December 1996) was a French centrist politician, affiliated first with the Popular Republican Movement and later with the Democratic Centre. He served as a Senator for Val-de-Marne from 1946 to 1995. He was President of the Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992 and, in that capacity, served twice as the country's interim president. A leading candidate in the 1969 presidential election, he was defeated by Georges Pompidou in the second round. Title: Bismarck monument Passage: From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German "Reichskanzler", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents. Title: Fire and Fury Passage: Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House First edition cover Author Michael Wolff Country United States Language English Subject Presidency of Donald Trump Published January 5, 2018 Publisher Henry Holt and Company Media type Print, e-book, audiobook Pages 336 ISBN 978 - 1 - 250 - 15806 - 2 (Hardcover) Title: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Passage: The run-off took place on 11 January 2015, with Grabar-Kitarović winning 50.7% of the vote. She thereby became Croatia's first female post-independence head of state and the country's first conservative president in 15 years. She was ceremonially sworn into office on 15 February, and assumed office officially at midnight on 19 February 2015.Upon election, Grabar-Kitarović became the first woman in Europe to defeat an incumbent president running for reelection, as well as the second woman in the world to do so, after Violetta Chamorro of Nicaragua in 1990. She is also the first candidate of any gender to defeat an incumbent Croatian president. In addition, Grabar-Kitarović is the only presidential candidate to date to have won a Croatian presidential election without having won the most votes in the first round of elections, as she lost it by 1.24% or 21,000 votes. Furthermore, the 1.114 million votes she received in the second round is the lowest number of votes for any winning candidate in a presidential election in Croatia and the 1.48% victory margin against Josipović is the smallest in any such election to date. Title: Cipriano Castro Passage: José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the President of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Andes to rule the country, and was the first of five military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years. Title: President of Trinidad and Tobago Passage: The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander - in - chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II. The last Governor - General, Sir Ellis Clarke, was sworn in as the first President on 1 August 1976 under a transitional arrangement. He was formally chosen as President by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on 24 September 1976, which is now celebrated as Republic Day. Title: State of Affairs (TV series) Passage: State of Affairs is an American espionage thriller series created by Alexi Hawley, which premiered on NBC on November 17, 2014, during the 2014–15 American television season. The series stars Katherine Heigl as CIA analyst Charleston Tucker, who is tasked with assembling and presenting the President's Daily Briefing on the most vital security issues facing the country, and Alfre Woodard as the first black woman to be elected President of the United States, Constance Payton. After one season, NBC canceled "State of Affairs". Title: Prime minister Passage: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president. Title: Medeho Passage: Medeho () is a town in the northeastern Obock Region of Djibouti. Medeho has one of the mildest climates in Djibouti, which is not always passable during the rainy season. The town is overlooked by Mabla Mountains, the fifth tallest mountain in Djibouti. As of 2016, the population of Medeho has been estimated to be 4,000. Title: Somalis Passage: A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991). Title: Cuba Passage: The Republic of Cuba is one of the world's last remaining socialist countries following the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is "guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin." The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the "leading force of society and of the state".The First Secretary of the Communist Party is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Prime Minister of Cuba). Members of both councils are elected by the National Assembly of People's Power. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office. Title: State of the Union Passage: The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the ``state of the union ''and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on most networks. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat. Title: God Bless the U.S.A. Passage: ``God Bless the U.S.A. ''is an American patriotic song written and recorded by country music artist Lee Greenwood, and is considered to be his signature song. The first album it appears on is 1984's You've Got a Good Love Comin '. It reached No. 7 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart when originally released in the spring of 1984, and was played at the 1984 Republican National Convention with President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan in attendance, but the song gained greater prominence during the Gulf War in 1990 and 1991, as a way of boosting morale. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. Title: Megawati Sukarnoputri Passage: Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as President of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004. She was previously the country's vice president from 21 October 1999 to 23 July 2001. Title: Katherine Dhanani Passage: Katherine Simonds Dhanani is an American diplomat. She was nominated as the Ambassador of the United States to Somalia, having been nominated for the position on 25 February 2015 by U.S. President Barack Obama. Dhanani is the first official U.S. envoy to the country in over two decades. On May 11, 2015, it was reported that Dhanani had withdrawn her nomination to the post of Ambassador to Somalia for personal reasons. Title: Park Geun-hye Passage: Park Geun - hye (Hangul: 박근혜; Hanja: 朴槿惠; RR: Bak Geun (-) hye; IPA: (pak ‿ k͈ɯn. hje); born 2 February 1952) is a former South Korean politician who served as the 18th President of South Korea from 2013 to 2017. Park was the first woman to be President of South Korea and also the first female president popularly elected as head of state in East Asia. She was also the first South Korean president to be born after the country's founding; her predecessors were either born during Japanese rule or during the post-World War II transitional period.	[ "Medeho", "Somalis" ]
3hop1__1707_158293_81260	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heartland Village is a residential development located close to the geographic center of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. The name is also often used to denote the immediately surrounding area.", "title": "Heartland Village, Staten Island" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The next day, Higgins finds Eliza gone and searches for her, eventually finding her at his mother's house. Higgins attempts to talk Eliza into coming back to him. He becomes angered when Eliza announces that she is going to marry Freddy and become Karpathy's assistant. He makes his way home, stubbornly predicting that she will come crawling back. However, he comes to the realization that he has ``grown accustomed to her face. ''Henry returns to his study to lament his loneliness. As he listens to Eliza's recorded voice, she reappears in the doorway behind him, turning off the recording and saying in her old Cockney accent,`` I washed my hands and face before I come I did.'' Higgins looks surprised then pleased before asking for his slippers once more as Eliza smiles on behind him, leaving the audience to decide what happens next.", "title": "My Fair Lady (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "British -- American relations, also referred to as Anglo - American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets. Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners.", "title": "United Kingdom–United States relations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city \"New York\" after the Duke of York (later King James II).", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building, originally built as the Gallo Opera House, opened in 1927, after which it changed names several times, eventually becoming CBS radio and television Studio 52.", "title": "Studio 54" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life.", "title": "Ice skating" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alma is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 842 at the 2010 census. The source of the town name is uncertain. It may come from the Latin word for \"nourishing\", or it may be named for a city in Germany.", "title": "Alma, New York" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandra ``Ally ''Barone (154 episodes; played by Madylin Sweeten) -- Ray and Debra's only daughter. She is six years old at the beginning of the series, and is fourteen by the series finale. She was named for Romano's real - life daughter. In the beginning, she is somewhat mischievous and naughty much like her brothers, but becomes loyal and helpful by the end. However, she still occasionally fibs and answers back to her parents if she does n't get what she wants, such as a $250 silk dress which would only be worn once.", "title": "List of Everybody Loves Raymond characters" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardite was named for Henry Augustus Ward (1834–1906) of the University of Rochester in New York. It first described in 1896 for an occurrence in Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Utah County, Utah, US. Though rare it has been reported from many locations worldwide.", "title": "Wardite" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marlborough is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 8,808 at the 2010 census. The town was named after the Duke of Marlborough. The Town of Marlborough is in the southeast part of the county. U.S. Route 9W passes through the eastern part of the town. US Route 44 and NY 55 cross the northwest corner of the town.", "title": "Marlborough, New York" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the Duke and Duchess were brought back to Britain by Louis Mountbatten on board HMS Kelly, and Edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major - general attached to the British Military Mission in France. In February 1940, the German ambassador in The Hague, Count Julius von Zech - Burkersroda, claimed that the Duke had leaked the Allied war plans for the defence of Belgium, which the Duke later denied. When Germany invaded the north of France in May 1940, the Windsors fled south, first to Biarritz, then in June to Spain. In July the pair moved to Portugal, where they lived at first in the home of Ricardo Espírito Santo, a Portuguese banker with both British and German contacts. Under the code name Operation Willi, Nazi agents, principally Walter Schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the Duke to leave Portugal and return to Spain, kidnapping him if necessary. Lord Caldecote wrote a warning to Winston Churchill: ``(the Duke) is well - known to be pro-Nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue. ''Churchill threatened the Duke with a court - martial if he did not return to British soil.", "title": "Edward VIII" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chad Everett Dukes (born December 29, 1971 in Albany, New York) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins (1998–2000), San Diego Chargers (1998), St. Louis Rams (2000) and the Jacksonville Jaguars (2000) and played four games total in his NFL career (two for Jaguars, two for Skins). He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh. Dukes played on the Albany Firebirds (1998–1999) before his NFL career, the Colorado Crush (2004), the Manchester Wolves (2002–2003) and the Philadelphia Soul after his NFL career in the Arena Football League. Dukes won AFL Ironman of the year in 1998 when he was with the Firebirds. In 2004, he was a part of the 2004 Crush ArenaBowl XIX Championship team. In 2002, Dukes was named the defensive af2 Tough Man of the Year while playing for the Manchester Wolves in 2002.", "title": "Chad Dukes (American football)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Così, based in Boston, Massachusetts, is a fast-casual restaurant chain that is known for its homemade flatbread. The name comes from the opera \"Così fan tutte\", which was a favorite of the original owner. The company has 66 locations in New York, Washington D.C., Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, as well as Costa Rica.", "title": "Così (restaurant)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Infiniti LE is a concept car developed by the Infiniti division of Nissan Motors and was revealed to the public at the 2012 New York Auto Show. The LE names comes from Luxury first and Electric second.", "title": "Infiniti LE" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lancelot crashes a performance of the Camelot musical, starring Hugh Jackman and Alice Eve as King Arthur and Queen Guinevere, but Larry and the others chase him to the theatre roof, where the New York exhibits begin to die. Lancelot then sees that the quest was about them and gives the tablet back. The moonlight restores the tablet's power, saving the exhibits. They decide that Ahkmenrah and the tablet should stay with his parents, even if it means the New York exhibits will no longer come to life. Back in New York, Larry spends some final moments with his friends before sunrise.", "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Now referred to as Dame Elizabeth Grey, she and the Duke of Buckingham (a former close ally of Richard III and now probably seeking the throne for himself) now allied themselves with Lady Margaret Stanley (née Beaufort) and espoused the cause of Margaret's son Henry Tudor, a great-great-great-grandson of King Edward III, the closest male heir of the Lancastrian claim to the throne with any degree of validity. To strengthen his claim and unite the two feuding noble houses, Elizabeth Woodville and Margaret Beaufort agreed that the latter's son should marry the former's eldest daughter, Elizabeth of York, who upon the death of her brothers became the heiress of the House of York. Henry Tudor agreed to this plan and in December 1483 publicly swore an oath to that effect in the cathedral in Rennes, France. A month earlier, an uprising in his favour, led by Buckingham, had been crushed.", "title": "Elizabeth Woodville" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strome is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada within Flagstaff County. It is located on Highway 13, approximately east of the City of Camrose. The hamlet was originally incorporated as a village on February 3, 1910. It dissolved to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of Flagstaff County on January 1, 2016. Strome's name is believed to come from Stromeferry in Ross & Cromarty, Scotland.", "title": "Strome, Alberta" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are two different Bejan numbers (Be) used in the scientific domains of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. Bejan numbers are named after Duke University professor Adrian Bejan.", "title": "Bejan number" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Grünberg (21 March 1761) was fought between French and allied Prussian and Hanoverian troops in the Seven Years' War at village of Grünberg, Hesse, near Stangenrod. The French, led by the duc de Broglie, inflicted a significant defeat on the allies, taking several thousand prisoners, and capturing 18 military standards. The allied loss prompted Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to lift the Siege of Cassel and retreat.", "title": "Battle of Grünberg" } ]	When did the US and country the Duke of York come back to become allies?	Since 1940	[]	Title: Marlborough, New York Passage: Marlborough is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 8,808 at the 2010 census. The town was named after the Duke of Marlborough. The Town of Marlborough is in the southeast part of the county. U.S. Route 9W passes through the eastern part of the town. US Route 44 and NY 55 cross the northwest corner of the town. Title: New York City Passage: In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). Title: Bejan number Passage: There are two different Bejan numbers (Be) used in the scientific domains of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. Bejan numbers are named after Duke University professor Adrian Bejan. Title: Alma, New York Passage: Alma is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 842 at the 2010 census. The source of the town name is uncertain. It may come from the Latin word for "nourishing", or it may be named for a city in Germany. Title: List of Everybody Loves Raymond characters Passage: Alexandra ``Ally ''Barone (154 episodes; played by Madylin Sweeten) -- Ray and Debra's only daughter. She is six years old at the beginning of the series, and is fourteen by the series finale. She was named for Romano's real - life daughter. In the beginning, she is somewhat mischievous and naughty much like her brothers, but becomes loyal and helpful by the end. However, she still occasionally fibs and answers back to her parents if she does n't get what she wants, such as a $250 silk dress which would only be worn once. Title: Elizabeth Woodville Passage: Now referred to as Dame Elizabeth Grey, she and the Duke of Buckingham (a former close ally of Richard III and now probably seeking the throne for himself) now allied themselves with Lady Margaret Stanley (née Beaufort) and espoused the cause of Margaret's son Henry Tudor, a great-great-great-grandson of King Edward III, the closest male heir of the Lancastrian claim to the throne with any degree of validity. To strengthen his claim and unite the two feuding noble houses, Elizabeth Woodville and Margaret Beaufort agreed that the latter's son should marry the former's eldest daughter, Elizabeth of York, who upon the death of her brothers became the heiress of the House of York. Henry Tudor agreed to this plan and in December 1483 publicly swore an oath to that effect in the cathedral in Rennes, France. A month earlier, an uprising in his favour, led by Buckingham, had been crushed. Title: Edward VIII Passage: On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the Duke and Duchess were brought back to Britain by Louis Mountbatten on board HMS Kelly, and Edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major - general attached to the British Military Mission in France. In February 1940, the German ambassador in The Hague, Count Julius von Zech - Burkersroda, claimed that the Duke had leaked the Allied war plans for the defence of Belgium, which the Duke later denied. When Germany invaded the north of France in May 1940, the Windsors fled south, first to Biarritz, then in June to Spain. In July the pair moved to Portugal, where they lived at first in the home of Ricardo Espírito Santo, a Portuguese banker with both British and German contacts. Under the code name Operation Willi, Nazi agents, principally Walter Schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the Duke to leave Portugal and return to Spain, kidnapping him if necessary. Lord Caldecote wrote a warning to Winston Churchill: ``(the Duke) is well - known to be pro-Nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue. ''Churchill threatened the Duke with a court - martial if he did not return to British soil. Title: Chad Dukes (American football) Passage: Chad Everett Dukes (born December 29, 1971 in Albany, New York) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins (1998–2000), San Diego Chargers (1998), St. Louis Rams (2000) and the Jacksonville Jaguars (2000) and played four games total in his NFL career (two for Jaguars, two for Skins). He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh. Dukes played on the Albany Firebirds (1998–1999) before his NFL career, the Colorado Crush (2004), the Manchester Wolves (2002–2003) and the Philadelphia Soul after his NFL career in the Arena Football League. Dukes won AFL Ironman of the year in 1998 when he was with the Firebirds. In 2004, he was a part of the 2004 Crush ArenaBowl XIX Championship team. In 2002, Dukes was named the defensive af2 Tough Man of the Year while playing for the Manchester Wolves in 2002. Title: Wardite Passage: Wardite was named for Henry Augustus Ward (1834–1906) of the University of Rochester in New York. It first described in 1896 for an occurrence in Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Utah County, Utah, US. Though rare it has been reported from many locations worldwide. Title: Strome, Alberta Passage: Strome is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada within Flagstaff County. It is located on Highway 13, approximately east of the City of Camrose. The hamlet was originally incorporated as a village on February 3, 1910. It dissolved to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of Flagstaff County on January 1, 2016. Strome's name is believed to come from Stromeferry in Ross & Cromarty, Scotland. Title: Battle of Grünberg Passage: The Battle of Grünberg (21 March 1761) was fought between French and allied Prussian and Hanoverian troops in the Seven Years' War at village of Grünberg, Hesse, near Stangenrod. The French, led by the duc de Broglie, inflicted a significant defeat on the allies, taking several thousand prisoners, and capturing 18 military standards. The allied loss prompted Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to lift the Siege of Cassel and retreat. Title: United Kingdom–United States relations Passage: British -- American relations, also referred to as Anglo - American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets. Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners. Title: Studio 54 Passage: Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building, originally built as the Gallo Opera House, opened in 1927, after which it changed names several times, eventually becoming CBS radio and television Studio 52. Title: Ice skating Passage: Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. Title: Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb Passage: Lancelot crashes a performance of the Camelot musical, starring Hugh Jackman and Alice Eve as King Arthur and Queen Guinevere, but Larry and the others chase him to the theatre roof, where the New York exhibits begin to die. Lancelot then sees that the quest was about them and gives the tablet back. The moonlight restores the tablet's power, saving the exhibits. They decide that Ahkmenrah and the tablet should stay with his parents, even if it means the New York exhibits will no longer come to life. Back in New York, Larry spends some final moments with his friends before sunrise. Title: Heartland Village, Staten Island Passage: Heartland Village is a residential development located close to the geographic center of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. The name is also often used to denote the immediately surrounding area. Title: Greece Passage: The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well. Title: My Fair Lady (film) Passage: The next day, Higgins finds Eliza gone and searches for her, eventually finding her at his mother's house. Higgins attempts to talk Eliza into coming back to him. He becomes angered when Eliza announces that she is going to marry Freddy and become Karpathy's assistant. He makes his way home, stubbornly predicting that she will come crawling back. However, he comes to the realization that he has ``grown accustomed to her face. ''Henry returns to his study to lament his loneliness. As he listens to Eliza's recorded voice, she reappears in the doorway behind him, turning off the recording and saying in her old Cockney accent,`` I washed my hands and face before I come I did.'' Higgins looks surprised then pleased before asking for his slippers once more as Eliza smiles on behind him, leaving the audience to decide what happens next. Title: Infiniti LE Passage: The Infiniti LE is a concept car developed by the Infiniti division of Nissan Motors and was revealed to the public at the 2012 New York Auto Show. The LE names comes from Luxury first and Electric second. Title: Così (restaurant) Passage: Così, based in Boston, Massachusetts, is a fast-casual restaurant chain that is known for its homemade flatbread. The name comes from the opera "Così fan tutte", which was a favorite of the original owner. The company has 66 locations in New York, Washington D.C., Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, as well as Costa Rica.	[ "United Kingdom–United States relations", "New York City", "Ice skating" ]
2hop__476865_44326	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Character Halloween Halloween II Halloween III 1978 1981 2018 Laurie Strode Jamie Lee Curtis Jamie Lee Curtis Nichole Drucker (young) Jamie Lee Curtis Michael Myers The Shape Will Sandin (young) Tommy Lee Wallace (stunts) Adam Gunn (young) Dick Warlock (adult) TBA Nick Castle (adult) Tony Moran (unmasked) Samuel Loomis Donald Pleasence Marion Chambers - Whittington Nancy Stephens Annie Brackett Nancy Kyes Lynda van der Klok P.J. Soles Judith Myers Sandy Johnson Sheriff Leigh Brackett Charles Cyphers Deputy Gary Hunt Hunter von Leer Tommy Doyle Brian Andrews Archival Footage Lindsey Wallace Kyle Richards Dr. Terence Wynn Robert Phalen", "title": "Halloween" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sid Myer is an Australian businessman and philanthropist with strong associations with ongoing relations between Australia and Asia. He is a grandson of Sidney Myer and Dame Merlyn Myer. Since graduating from Monash University with a Bachelor of Economics and a Graduate Diploma of Marketing, Myer has been exposed to over 25 years of business experience.", "title": "Sid Myer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York's Village Halloween Parade is an annual holiday parade and street pageant presented on the night of every Halloween in New York City's Greenwich Village. The Village Halloween Parade, initiated in 1973 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, that lays claim to being the world's largest Halloween parade where in recent years it is reported to have 60,000 marchers and 2 million spectators..", "title": "New York's Village Halloween Parade" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"American Witch\" is the second promotional single off Rob Zombie's third solo album \"Educated Horses\". The song is about the \"witch\" massacre of the Salem Witchcraft trials in 1692.", "title": "American Witch" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Piano Concerto/MGV is the 23rd album by Michael Nyman, released in 1994. It contains two compositions, \"The Piano Concerto\" and \"MGV\". The first is performed by Kathryn Stott and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Michael Nyman, and the second is performed by the Michael Nyman Band and Orchestra with Michael Nyman at the piano.", "title": "The Piano Concerto/MGV" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Castle as Michael Myers / The Shape Tony Moran as Michael Myers (unmasked) Will Sandin as Michael Myers (age 6)", "title": "Halloween (1978 film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Halloween night 1963, in the town of Haddonfield, Illinois, six - year - old Michael Myers, dressed in a clown costume, stabs his older sister Judith to death with a knife in their home. Fifteen years later on October 30, 1978, Michael's psychiatrist, Dr. Samuel Loomis, and his colleague, Marion Chambers, arrive at Smith's Grove Sanitarium to escort Michael to court. Noticing that the patients are wandering about, Loomis gets out of the car to investigate, allowing Michael, who has escaped, to steal Loomis's car. Returning home to Haddonfield, Michael kills a mechanic for his uniform and steals a mask, some knives, and some rope from a local hardware store.", "title": "Halloween (1978 film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halloween is an American horror franchise that consists of eleven films, as well as novels, comic books, merchandise, and a video game. The franchise primarily focuses on serial killer Michael Myers who was committed to a sanitarium as a child for the murder of his sister, Judith Myers. Fifteen years later, he escapes to stalk and kill the people of the fictional town of Haddonfield, Illinois while being chased by his former psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis. Michael's killings occur on the holiday of Halloween, on which all of the films primarily take place.", "title": "Halloween (franchise)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justin Myers (born January 15, 1985 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American soccer player who currently plays for San Diego Flash of the National Premier Soccer League.", "title": "Justin Myers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shot in Southern California, \"Halloween\" was released on October 25, 1978 by Compass International Pictures. The film was a major success, earning accolades as a classic horror film. It grossed $47 million at the box office in the United States and $23 million internationally for a total of $70 million worldwide, becoming one of the most profitable independent films. Praised primarily for Carpenter's direction and score, many credit the film as the first in a long line of slasher films inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's \"Psycho\" (1960). Some critics have suggested that \"Halloween\" may encourage sadism and misogyny by audiences identifying with its villain. Others have suggested the film is a social critique of the immorality of youth and teenagers in 1970s America, with many of Myers' victims being sexually promiscuous substance abusers, while the lone heroine is depicted as innocent and pure, hence her survival. Nonetheless, Carpenter dismisses such analyses.", "title": "Halloween (1978 film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halloween premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 19, 2018, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many considering it to be both the best Halloween sequel and a return to form for the series; Curtis' performance was also met with praise. The film has grossed over $172 million worldwide, making it the highest grossing film in the franchise, as well as breaking several other box office records. A sequel is in early development.", "title": "Halloween (2018 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No. Title Performer (s) Length 1. ``Overture (score) ''1: 48 2.`` Opening'' Patrick Stewart 0: 57 3. ``This Is Halloween ''The Citizens of Halloween Town 3: 16 4.`` Jack's Lament'' Danny Elfman 3: 14 5. ``Doctor Finklestein / In the Forest (score) ''2: 36 6.`` What's This?'' Danny Elfman 2: 59 7. ``Town Meeting Song ''Danny Elfman, Halloween Cast 2: 56 8.`` Jack and Sally Montage (score)'' 5: 17 9. ``Jack's Obsession ''Danny Elfman, Halloween Cast 2: 46 10.`` Kidnap the Sandy Claws'' Paul Reubens, Catherine O'Hara, Danny Elfman 3: 02 11. ``Making Christmas ''Danny Elfman, The Citizens of Halloween Town 3: 57 12.`` Nabbed (score)'' 3: 04 13. ``Oogie Boogie's Song ''Ken Page, Ed Ivory 3: 17 14.`` Sally's Song'' Catherine O'Hara 1: 47 15. ``Christmas Eve Montage (score) ''4: 43 16.`` Poor Jack'' Danny Elfman 2: 31 17. ``To the Rescue (score) ''3: 38 18.`` Finale / Reprise'' Danny Elfman, Catherine O'Hara, The Citizens of Halloween Town 2: 44 19. ``Closing ''Patrick Stewart 1: 26 20.`` End Title (score)'' 5: 05", "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mollie McConnell (September 24, 1865 – December 9, 1920) was an American silent film actress. Before her 1913 movie debut, she was a national and international theater performer. In 1914, she signed a contract with Balboa Amusement Producing Company and played matronly roles in many of their films. She starred with William Garwood in the 1914 western \"A Ticket to Red Horse Gulch\".", "title": "Mollie McConnell" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trick - or - treating is a Halloween ritual custom for children and adults in many countries. Children in costumes travel from house - to - house, asking for treats with the phrase ``Trick or treat ''. The`` treat'' is usually some form of candy, although, in some cultures, money is used instead. The ``trick ''is a threat, usually idle, to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given. Trick - or - treating usually occurs on the evening of October 31. Some homeowners signal that they are willing to hand out treats by putting up Halloween decorations outside their doors; others simply leave treats available on their porches for the children to take freely.", "title": "Trick-or-treating" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The commercialization of Halloween in the United States did not start until the 20th century, beginning perhaps with Halloween postcards (featuring hundreds of designs), which were most popular between 1905 and 1915. Dennison Manufacturing Company (which published its first Halloween catalog in 1909) and the Beistle Company were pioneers in commercially made Halloween decorations, particularly die - cut paper items. German manufacturers specialised in Halloween figurines that were exported to the United States in the period between the two World Wars.", "title": "Geography of Halloween" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halloween is a 2007 American slasher film written, directed, and produced by Rob Zombie. The film is a remake/reimagining of the 1978 horror film of the same name and the ninth installment in the \"Halloween\" franchise. The film stars Tyler Mane as the adult Michael Myers, Malcolm McDowell as Dr. Sam Loomis, Scout Taylor-Compton as Laurie Strode, and Daeg Faerch as the young Michael Myers. Rob Zombie's \"reimagining\" follows the premise of John Carpenter's original, with Michael Myers stalking Laurie Strode and her friends on Halloween night. Zombie's film goes deeper into the character's psyche, trying to answer the question of what drove him to kill people, whereas in Carpenter's original film Michael did not have an explicit reason for killing.", "title": "Halloween (2007 film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabel Briggs Myers (October 18, 1897 – May 5, 1980) was an American author and co-creator of a personality inventory known as the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Briggs Myers created the MBTI with her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs.", "title": "Isabel Briggs Myers" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reining may be performed by any horse, but the Stock horse breeds, particularly the American Quarter Horse, dominate the field. The reining horse must be agile, quick, and very responsive to the rider's commands. Powerful hindquarters are required to hold position in a sliding stop or a rollback, excellent coordination is required for proper spins and flying lead changes. Correct leg conformation is essential, as the limbs and joints are often under considerable stress in competition. The horse must also have an excellent temperament to perform with both speed and precision.", "title": "Reining" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's Halloween is a picture book written by Jack Prelutsky and illustrated by Marylin Hafner, published in 1977. The book is a collection of children's poems with a Halloween theme.", "title": "It's Halloween" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Daryl Karolat (born December 8, 1966) is a Canadian actor and former professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane. He is known for playing Sabretooth in X-Men and X-Men: The Official Game, Ajax in Troy and Michael Myers in the remake of Halloween and its sequel, Halloween II.", "title": "Tyler Mane" } ]	Who plays Michael Myers in the version of Halloween directed by the performer who released Educated Horses?	Daryl Karolat	[ "Tyler Mane" ]	Title: Sid Myer Passage: Sid Myer is an Australian businessman and philanthropist with strong associations with ongoing relations between Australia and Asia. He is a grandson of Sidney Myer and Dame Merlyn Myer. Since graduating from Monash University with a Bachelor of Economics and a Graduate Diploma of Marketing, Myer has been exposed to over 25 years of business experience. Title: The Piano Concerto/MGV Passage: The Piano Concerto/MGV is the 23rd album by Michael Nyman, released in 1994. It contains two compositions, "The Piano Concerto" and "MGV". The first is performed by Kathryn Stott and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Michael Nyman, and the second is performed by the Michael Nyman Band and Orchestra with Michael Nyman at the piano. Title: Trick-or-treating Passage: Trick - or - treating is a Halloween ritual custom for children and adults in many countries. Children in costumes travel from house - to - house, asking for treats with the phrase ``Trick or treat ''. The`` treat'' is usually some form of candy, although, in some cultures, money is used instead. The ``trick ''is a threat, usually idle, to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given. Trick - or - treating usually occurs on the evening of October 31. Some homeowners signal that they are willing to hand out treats by putting up Halloween decorations outside their doors; others simply leave treats available on their porches for the children to take freely. Title: Halloween (1978 film) Passage: Nick Castle as Michael Myers / The Shape Tony Moran as Michael Myers (unmasked) Will Sandin as Michael Myers (age 6) Title: Halloween (1978 film) Passage: On Halloween night 1963, in the town of Haddonfield, Illinois, six - year - old Michael Myers, dressed in a clown costume, stabs his older sister Judith to death with a knife in their home. Fifteen years later on October 30, 1978, Michael's psychiatrist, Dr. Samuel Loomis, and his colleague, Marion Chambers, arrive at Smith's Grove Sanitarium to escort Michael to court. Noticing that the patients are wandering about, Loomis gets out of the car to investigate, allowing Michael, who has escaped, to steal Loomis's car. Returning home to Haddonfield, Michael kills a mechanic for his uniform and steals a mask, some knives, and some rope from a local hardware store. Title: Halloween (franchise) Passage: Halloween is an American horror franchise that consists of eleven films, as well as novels, comic books, merchandise, and a video game. The franchise primarily focuses on serial killer Michael Myers who was committed to a sanitarium as a child for the murder of his sister, Judith Myers. Fifteen years later, he escapes to stalk and kill the people of the fictional town of Haddonfield, Illinois while being chased by his former psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis. Michael's killings occur on the holiday of Halloween, on which all of the films primarily take place. Title: Geography of Halloween Passage: The commercialization of Halloween in the United States did not start until the 20th century, beginning perhaps with Halloween postcards (featuring hundreds of designs), which were most popular between 1905 and 1915. Dennison Manufacturing Company (which published its first Halloween catalog in 1909) and the Beistle Company were pioneers in commercially made Halloween decorations, particularly die - cut paper items. German manufacturers specialised in Halloween figurines that were exported to the United States in the period between the two World Wars. Title: Isabel Briggs Myers Passage: Isabel Briggs Myers (October 18, 1897 – May 5, 1980) was an American author and co-creator of a personality inventory known as the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Briggs Myers created the MBTI with her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs. Title: Justin Myers Passage: Justin Myers (born January 15, 1985 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American soccer player who currently plays for San Diego Flash of the National Premier Soccer League. Title: Halloween (2007 film) Passage: Halloween is a 2007 American slasher film written, directed, and produced by Rob Zombie. The film is a remake/reimagining of the 1978 horror film of the same name and the ninth installment in the "Halloween" franchise. The film stars Tyler Mane as the adult Michael Myers, Malcolm McDowell as Dr. Sam Loomis, Scout Taylor-Compton as Laurie Strode, and Daeg Faerch as the young Michael Myers. Rob Zombie's "reimagining" follows the premise of John Carpenter's original, with Michael Myers stalking Laurie Strode and her friends on Halloween night. Zombie's film goes deeper into the character's psyche, trying to answer the question of what drove him to kill people, whereas in Carpenter's original film Michael did not have an explicit reason for killing. Title: Mollie McConnell Passage: Mollie McConnell (September 24, 1865 – December 9, 1920) was an American silent film actress. Before her 1913 movie debut, she was a national and international theater performer. In 1914, she signed a contract with Balboa Amusement Producing Company and played matronly roles in many of their films. She starred with William Garwood in the 1914 western "A Ticket to Red Horse Gulch". Title: The Nightmare Before Christmas (soundtrack) Passage: No. Title Performer (s) Length 1. ``Overture (score) ''1: 48 2.`` Opening'' Patrick Stewart 0: 57 3. ``This Is Halloween ''The Citizens of Halloween Town 3: 16 4.`` Jack's Lament'' Danny Elfman 3: 14 5. ``Doctor Finklestein / In the Forest (score) ''2: 36 6.`` What's This?'' Danny Elfman 2: 59 7. ``Town Meeting Song ''Danny Elfman, Halloween Cast 2: 56 8.`` Jack and Sally Montage (score)'' 5: 17 9. ``Jack's Obsession ''Danny Elfman, Halloween Cast 2: 46 10.`` Kidnap the Sandy Claws'' Paul Reubens, Catherine O'Hara, Danny Elfman 3: 02 11. ``Making Christmas ''Danny Elfman, The Citizens of Halloween Town 3: 57 12.`` Nabbed (score)'' 3: 04 13. ``Oogie Boogie's Song ''Ken Page, Ed Ivory 3: 17 14.`` Sally's Song'' Catherine O'Hara 1: 47 15. ``Christmas Eve Montage (score) ''4: 43 16.`` Poor Jack'' Danny Elfman 2: 31 17. ``To the Rescue (score) ''3: 38 18.`` Finale / Reprise'' Danny Elfman, Catherine O'Hara, The Citizens of Halloween Town 2: 44 19. ``Closing ''Patrick Stewart 1: 26 20.`` End Title (score)'' 5: 05 Title: It's Halloween Passage: It's Halloween is a picture book written by Jack Prelutsky and illustrated by Marylin Hafner, published in 1977. The book is a collection of children's poems with a Halloween theme. Title: American Witch Passage: "American Witch" is the second promotional single off Rob Zombie's third solo album "Educated Horses". The song is about the "witch" massacre of the Salem Witchcraft trials in 1692. Title: Halloween Passage: Character Halloween Halloween II Halloween III 1978 1981 2018 Laurie Strode Jamie Lee Curtis Jamie Lee Curtis Nichole Drucker (young) Jamie Lee Curtis Michael Myers The Shape Will Sandin (young) Tommy Lee Wallace (stunts) Adam Gunn (young) Dick Warlock (adult) TBA Nick Castle (adult) Tony Moran (unmasked) Samuel Loomis Donald Pleasence Marion Chambers - Whittington Nancy Stephens Annie Brackett Nancy Kyes Lynda van der Klok P.J. Soles Judith Myers Sandy Johnson Sheriff Leigh Brackett Charles Cyphers Deputy Gary Hunt Hunter von Leer Tommy Doyle Brian Andrews Archival Footage Lindsey Wallace Kyle Richards Dr. Terence Wynn Robert Phalen Title: Reining Passage: Reining may be performed by any horse, but the Stock horse breeds, particularly the American Quarter Horse, dominate the field. The reining horse must be agile, quick, and very responsive to the rider's commands. Powerful hindquarters are required to hold position in a sliding stop or a rollback, excellent coordination is required for proper spins and flying lead changes. Correct leg conformation is essential, as the limbs and joints are often under considerable stress in competition. The horse must also have an excellent temperament to perform with both speed and precision. Title: Halloween (2018 film) Passage: Halloween premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 19, 2018, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many considering it to be both the best Halloween sequel and a return to form for the series; Curtis' performance was also met with praise. The film has grossed over $172 million worldwide, making it the highest grossing film in the franchise, as well as breaking several other box office records. A sequel is in early development. Title: New York's Village Halloween Parade Passage: New York's Village Halloween Parade is an annual holiday parade and street pageant presented on the night of every Halloween in New York City's Greenwich Village. The Village Halloween Parade, initiated in 1973 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, that lays claim to being the world's largest Halloween parade where in recent years it is reported to have 60,000 marchers and 2 million spectators.. Title: Tyler Mane Passage: Daryl Karolat (born December 8, 1966) is a Canadian actor and former professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane. He is known for playing Sabretooth in X-Men and X-Men: The Official Game, Ajax in Troy and Michael Myers in the remake of Halloween and its sequel, Halloween II. Title: Halloween (1978 film) Passage: Shot in Southern California, "Halloween" was released on October 25, 1978 by Compass International Pictures. The film was a major success, earning accolades as a classic horror film. It grossed $47 million at the box office in the United States and $23 million internationally for a total of $70 million worldwide, becoming one of the most profitable independent films. Praised primarily for Carpenter's direction and score, many credit the film as the first in a long line of slasher films inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's "Psycho" (1960). Some critics have suggested that "Halloween" may encourage sadism and misogyny by audiences identifying with its villain. Others have suggested the film is a social critique of the immorality of youth and teenagers in 1970s America, with many of Myers' victims being sexually promiscuous substance abusers, while the lone heroine is depicted as innocent and pure, hence her survival. Nonetheless, Carpenter dismisses such analyses.	[ "American Witch", "Tyler Mane" ]
3hop1__65149_44477_13694	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bendix Home Appliances, a subsidiary of Avco, an otherwise unrelated company, who licensed the name from Bendix Corporation, introduced the first domestic automatic washing machine in 1937, having applied for a patent in the same year. In appearance and mechanical detail, this first machine was not unlike the front loading automatic washers produced today. Although it included many of the today's basic features, the machine lacked any drum suspension and therefore had to be anchored to the floor to prevent ``walking ''. Because of the components required, the machine was also very expensive. For instance, the Bendix Home Laundry Service Manual (published November 1, 1946) shows that the drum speed change was facilitated by a 2 - speed gearbox built to a heavy duty standard (not unlike a car automatic gearbox, albeit at a smaller size). The timer was also probably fairly costly, because miniature electric motors were expensive to produce.", "title": "Washing machine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first successful machine - gun designs were developed in the mid-19th century. The key characteristic of modern machine guns, their relatively high rate of fire and more importantly mechanical loading, first appeared in the Model 1862 Gatling gun, which was adopted by the United States Navy. These weapons were still powered by hand; however, this changed with Hiram Maxim's idea of harnessing recoil energy to power reloading in his Maxim machine gun. Dr. Gatling also experimented with electric - motor - powered models; this externally powered machine reloading has seen use in modern weapons as well.", "title": "Machine gun" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Singer consolidated enough patents in the field to enable him to engage in mass production, and by 1860, his company was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. In 1885, Singer produced its first ``vibrating shuttle ''sewing machine, an improvement over contemporary transverse shuttle designs; (see bobbin drivers). Singer began to market its machines internationally in 1855 and won first prize at the Paris World's Fair. The company demonstrated the first workable electric sewing machine at the Philadelphia electric exhibition in 1889 and began mass - producing domestic electric machines in 1910. Singer was also a marketing innovator and was a pioneer in promoting the use of installment payment plans.", "title": "Singer Corporation" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King of Gamblers is a 1937 American low-budget gangster film directed by Robert Florey. Akim Tamiroff takes an unusual featured role as a slot-machine racketeer whose bombing of an uncooperative barber shop leads to a murder charge. (The film was also known as \"Czar of the Slot Machines\".)", "title": "King of Gamblers" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Accounts vary about the invention of the style. Some reports ascribe the invention of the technique to Marcel Grateau (1852 -- 1936), who invented it in 1872 (others say 1875). François Marcel Woelfflé, who later changed his name to François Marcel, was granted U.S. patents for implements for performing the technique: the first, U.S. patent 806386, entitled ``Curling - Iron '', was published in 1905, and the second, entitled`` Hair - Waving Iron'', for an electric version, under the name François Marcel, was published in 1918. There is also a 1936 obituary for Francois Marcel Grateau, with dates matching those of the first - named Marcel Grateau. Given the dates, and the coincidence of names, it is quite possible that they were all the same man.", "title": "Marcelling" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bayer process was invented in 1888 by Carl Josef Bayer. Working in Saint Petersburg, Russia to develop a method for supplying alumina to the textile industry (it was used as a mordant in dyeing cotton), Bayer discovered in 1887 that the aluminium hydroxide that precipitated from alkaline solution was crystalline and could be easily filtered and washed, while that precipitated from acid medium by neutralization was gelatinous and difficult to wash. The industrial success of this process caused it to replace the Le Chatelier process which was used to produce alumina from bauxite.", "title": "Bayer process" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov.", "title": "Yablochkov candle" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine, invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.", "title": "Electric motor" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had \"the germ of a great invention\". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, \"Get it!\" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that.", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 6th century BC, the Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus experimented with amber rods and these experiments were the first studies into the production of electrical energy. While this method, now known as the triboelectric effect, can lift light objects and generate sparks, it is extremely inefficient. It was not until the invention of the voltaic pile in the eighteenth century that a viable source of electricity became available. The voltaic pile, and its modern descendant, the electrical battery, store energy chemically and make it available on demand in the form of electrical energy. The battery is a versatile and very common power source which is ideally suited to many applications, but its energy storage is finite, and once discharged it must be disposed of or recharged. For large electrical demands electrical energy must be generated and transmitted continuously over conductive transmission lines.", "title": "Electricity" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235. Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe, an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels, circa 1000 AD.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an \"Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes.\" Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors were invented by Bell Laboratories in the early 1950s as a miniaturized and more reliable low-voltage support capacitor to complement their newly invented transistor.", "title": "Capacitor" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1939, the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations. The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders, as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast, but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list. Robert Shivers, head of the Honolulu office, obtained permission from Hoover to start detaining those on the list on December 7, 1941, while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor. Mass arrests and searches of homes (in most cases conducted without warrants) began a few hours after the attack, and over the next several weeks more than 5,500 Issei men were taken into FBI custody. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. FBI Director Hoover opposed the subsequent mass removal and confinement of Japanese Americans authorized under Executive Order 9066, but Roosevelt prevailed. The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders, but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations, FBI agents handled their arrests. The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war, conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp, and entering the camps (usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials) and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and \"troublemakers.\" After the war, the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities.", "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1928, WRGB (then W2XB) was started as the world's first television station. It broadcast from the General Electric facility in Schenectady, NY. It was popularly known as ``WGY Television ''.", "title": "History of television" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During World War II, British codebreakers at Bletchley Park (40 miles north of London) achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted enemy military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. Women often operated these bombe machines. They ruled out possible Enigma settings by performing chains of logical deductions implemented electrically. Most possibilities led to a contradiction, and the few remaining could be tested by hand.", "title": "History of computing hardware" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, Japan and starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made officially in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war materiel through the Lend - Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the U.S. military to replace the British invasion forces in Iceland. In the Pacific Theater, there was unofficial early U.S. combat activity such as the Flying Tigers.", "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Electric washing machines were advertised and discussed in newspapers as early as 1904. Alva J. Fisher has been incorrectly credited with the invention of the electric washer. The US Patent Office shows at least one patent issued before Fisher's US patent number 966677 (e.g. Woodrow's US patent number 921195). The ``inventor ''of the electric washing machine remains unknown.", "title": "Washing machine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special - purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff -- Berry Computer.", "title": "John Vincent Atanasoff" } ]	When was the bombing of the place where the country that the first electric washing machine was invented started fighting in ww2?	December 7, 1941	[ "Attack on Pearl Harbor" ]	Title: Richmond, Virginia Passage: Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949. Title: History of television Passage: In 1928, WRGB (then W2XB) was started as the world's first television station. It broadcast from the General Electric facility in Schenectady, NY. It was popularly known as ``WGY Television ''. Title: Singer Corporation Passage: Singer consolidated enough patents in the field to enable him to engage in mass production, and by 1860, his company was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. In 1885, Singer produced its first ``vibrating shuttle ''sewing machine, an improvement over contemporary transverse shuttle designs; (see bobbin drivers). Singer began to market its machines internationally in 1855 and won first prize at the Paris World's Fair. The company demonstrated the first workable electric sewing machine at the Philadelphia electric exhibition in 1889 and began mass - producing domestic electric machines in 1910. Singer was also a marketing innovator and was a pioneer in promoting the use of installment payment plans. Title: History of computing hardware Passage: During World War II, British codebreakers at Bletchley Park (40 miles north of London) achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted enemy military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. Women often operated these bombe machines. They ruled out possible Enigma settings by performing chains of logical deductions implemented electrically. Most possibilities led to a contradiction, and the few remaining could be tested by hand. Title: Machine gun Passage: The first successful machine - gun designs were developed in the mid-19th century. The key characteristic of modern machine guns, their relatively high rate of fire and more importantly mechanical loading, first appeared in the Model 1862 Gatling gun, which was adopted by the United States Navy. These weapons were still powered by hand; however, this changed with Hiram Maxim's idea of harnessing recoil energy to power reloading in his Maxim machine gun. Dr. Gatling also experimented with electric - motor - powered models; this externally powered machine reloading has seen use in modern weapons as well. Title: Electric motor Passage: The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. Title: King of Gamblers Passage: King of Gamblers is a 1937 American low-budget gangster film directed by Robert Florey. Akim Tamiroff takes an unusual featured role as a slot-machine racketeer whose bombing of an uncooperative barber shop leads to a murder charge. (The film was also known as "Czar of the Slot Machines".) Title: Electricity Passage: In the 6th century BC, the Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus experimented with amber rods and these experiments were the first studies into the production of electrical energy. While this method, now known as the triboelectric effect, can lift light objects and generate sparks, it is extremely inefficient. It was not until the invention of the voltaic pile in the eighteenth century that a viable source of electricity became available. The voltaic pile, and its modern descendant, the electrical battery, store energy chemically and make it available on demand in the form of electrical energy. The battery is a versatile and very common power source which is ideally suited to many applications, but its energy storage is finite, and once discharged it must be disposed of or recharged. For large electrical demands electrical energy must be generated and transmitted continuously over conductive transmission lines. Title: Washing machine Passage: Electric washing machines were advertised and discussed in newspapers as early as 1904. Alva J. Fisher has been incorrectly credited with the invention of the electric washer. The US Patent Office shows at least one patent issued before Fisher's US patent number 966677 (e.g. Woodrow's US patent number 921195). The ``inventor ''of the electric washing machine remains unknown. Title: John Vincent Atanasoff Passage: Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special - purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff -- Berry Computer. Title: Bayer process Passage: The Bayer process was invented in 1888 by Carl Josef Bayer. Working in Saint Petersburg, Russia to develop a method for supplying alumina to the textile industry (it was used as a mordant in dyeing cotton), Bayer discovered in 1887 that the aluminium hydroxide that precipitated from alkaline solution was crystalline and could be easily filtered and washed, while that precipitated from acid medium by neutralization was gelatinous and difficult to wash. The industrial success of this process caused it to replace the Le Chatelier process which was used to produce alumina from bauxite. Title: Computer Passage: The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine, invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin. Title: Military history of the United States during World War II Passage: The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, Japan and starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made officially in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war materiel through the Lend - Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the U.S. military to replace the British invasion forces in Iceland. In the Pacific Theater, there was unofficial early U.S. combat activity such as the Flying Tigers. Title: Federal Bureau of Investigation Passage: In 1939, the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations. The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders, as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast, but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list. Robert Shivers, head of the Honolulu office, obtained permission from Hoover to start detaining those on the list on December 7, 1941, while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor. Mass arrests and searches of homes (in most cases conducted without warrants) began a few hours after the attack, and over the next several weeks more than 5,500 Issei men were taken into FBI custody. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. FBI Director Hoover opposed the subsequent mass removal and confinement of Japanese Americans authorized under Executive Order 9066, but Roosevelt prevailed. The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders, but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations, FBI agents handled their arrests. The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war, conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp, and entering the camps (usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials) and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and "troublemakers." After the war, the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities. Title: Yablochkov candle Passage: A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov. Title: Marcelling Passage: Accounts vary about the invention of the style. Some reports ascribe the invention of the technique to Marcel Grateau (1852 -- 1936), who invented it in 1872 (others say 1875). François Marcel Woelfflé, who later changed his name to François Marcel, was granted U.S. patents for implements for performing the technique: the first, U.S. patent 806386, entitled ``Curling - Iron '', was published in 1905, and the second, entitled`` Hair - Waving Iron'', for an electric version, under the name François Marcel, was published in 1918. There is also a 1936 obituary for Francois Marcel Grateau, with dates matching those of the first - named Marcel Grateau. Given the dates, and the coincidence of names, it is quite possible that they were all the same man. Title: Alexander Graham Bell Passage: In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had "the germ of a great invention". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, "Get it!" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that. Title: Computer Passage: Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235. Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe, an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels, circa 1000 AD. Title: Washing machine Passage: Bendix Home Appliances, a subsidiary of Avco, an otherwise unrelated company, who licensed the name from Bendix Corporation, introduced the first domestic automatic washing machine in 1937, having applied for a patent in the same year. In appearance and mechanical detail, this first machine was not unlike the front loading automatic washers produced today. Although it included many of the today's basic features, the machine lacked any drum suspension and therefore had to be anchored to the floor to prevent ``walking ''. Because of the components required, the machine was also very expensive. For instance, the Bendix Home Laundry Service Manual (published November 1, 1946) shows that the drum speed change was facilitated by a 2 - speed gearbox built to a heavy duty standard (not unlike a car automatic gearbox, albeit at a smaller size). The timer was also probably fairly costly, because miniature electric motors were expensive to produce. Title: Capacitor Passage: Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an "Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes." Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors were invented by Bell Laboratories in the early 1950s as a miniaturized and more reliable low-voltage support capacitor to complement their newly invented transistor.	[ "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "Military history of the United States during World War II", "Washing machine" ]
2hop__181544_82000	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Bancroft Williston (July 15, 1837 – April 24, 1920) was a brigadier general in the United States Army. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the American Civil War.", "title": "Edward Bancroft Williston" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zahl is an unincorporated community in northwestern Williams County, North Dakota, United States. It lies along North Dakota Highway 50 north of the city of Williston, the county seat of Williams County. Its elevation is 2,014 feet (614 m). Although it is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 58856.", "title": "Zahl, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. The book predicted a grim future, as population would increase geometrically, doubling every 25 years, but food production would only grow arithmetically, which would result in famine and starvation, unless births were controlled.", "title": "An Essay on the Principle of Population" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Williston is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,768. The city was established before 1885 by J. M. Willis, who named it after himself.", "title": "Williston, Florida" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Population Foundation (WPF) was founded in 1987 in the Netherlands by Diana and Roy W. Brown. Their purpose was to create an organisation to draw attention to the effects of high birth rates and rapid population growth on maternal and infant mortality, communities and the environment, and to raise funds for population projects and programmes, with the ultimate aim of reducing world poverty and improving the quality of life of the world’s poorest people.", "title": "World Population Foundation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Williston is a census-designated place (CDP) in Levy County, Florida, United States. The population was 694 at the 2010 census.", "title": "East Williston, Florida" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Williston is a city in and the county seat of Williams County, North Dakota, United States. The 2010 census gave its population as 14,716, and the Census Bureau gave the 2015 estimated population as 26,977, making Williston the sixth largest city in North Dakota. The North Dakota oil boom is largely responsible for the sharp increase in population.", "title": "Williston, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Significant overseas born populations Country of Birth Population (2011) United Kingdom 155,065 China 146,853 India 86,767 New Zealand 77,297 Vietnam 69,405 Philippines 61,122 Lebanon 54,215 South Korea 39,694 Italy 39,155 Hong Kong 36,804 South Africa 31,681 Fiji 29,598 Iraq 28,594 Greece 28,192 Indonesia 24,707", "title": "Demographics of Sydney" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WTMG (Magic 101.3) is a commercial radio station in Williston, Florida, broadcasting to the Gainesville-Ocala, Florida area on 101.3 FM.", "title": "WTMG" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chittenden was born in Salisbury in the Colony of Connecticut to Thomas Chittenden and Elizabeth Meigs Chittenden. He moved to Vermont in 1776 in the wake of the founding of the town of Williston by his father Thomas Chittenden. Martin Chittenden attended Mares School and in 1789 graduated from Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "title": "Martin Chittenden" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Robert Leroy Hunskor (born November 2, 1932) is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 6th district. A Democrat, he was first elected in 2000. He is an alumnus of Minot State College and former public school employee and coach in Newburg, North Dakota. He also served in the United States Army.", "title": "Bob Hunskor" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The W. A. C. Bennett Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Peace River in northern British Columbia, Canada. At high, it is one of the world's highest earth fill dams. Construction of the dam began in 1961 and culminated in 1968. At the dam, the Finlay, the Parsnip and the Peace Rivers feed into Williston Lake, also referred to as Williston Reservoir. It is the third largest artificial lake in North America (after the Smallwood Reservoir and Manicouagan) as well as the largest body of fresh water in British Columbia. Williston Lake runs 250 kilometres north-south and 150 kilometres east-west.", "title": "W. A. C. Bennett Dam" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers. The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Champlain Valley Union High School (CVU) is a high school located in the town of Hinesburg, Vermont, United States. The school serves the towns of Charlotte, Hinesburg, Shelburne, St. George, and Williston. The enrollment for the 2017-2018 school year was 1,322 students with 103 faculty.", "title": "Champlain Valley Union High School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State Road 500 (SR 500) is a major state highway running through Florida as a mostly unsigned route under several U.S. Highways. From Chiefland to Williston it is U.S. Highway 27 Alternate. From Williston to Ocala, it is U.S. Highway 27. From Ocala to Kissimmee, it is U.S. Highway 441. From Kissimmee to Indialantic it is U.S. Highway 192.", "title": "Florida State Road 500" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles L. Scofield (born February 15, 1925), was an American politician who was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives. He represented the 1st district in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1980, as a Republican. He is a past president of the North Dakota Broadcasters Association, the Williston Chamber of Commerce, and Williston Kiwanis Club.", "title": "Charles L. Scofield" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KTGO (1090 AM, \"Bakken Beacon\") is a radio station licensed to Tioga, North Dakota, United States. The station mainly serves Williston, along with oil field workers in the nearby Bakken Formation.", "title": "KTGO" } ]	What is the population of Williston which is in the state where Bob Hunskor was born?	26,977	[]	Title: Edward Bancroft Williston Passage: Edward Bancroft Williston (July 15, 1837 – April 24, 1920) was a brigadier general in the United States Army. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the American Civil War. Title: World Population Foundation Passage: The World Population Foundation (WPF) was founded in 1987 in the Netherlands by Diana and Roy W. Brown. Their purpose was to create an organisation to draw attention to the effects of high birth rates and rapid population growth on maternal and infant mortality, communities and the environment, and to raise funds for population projects and programmes, with the ultimate aim of reducing world poverty and improving the quality of life of the world’s poorest people. Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Title: Williston, North Dakota Passage: Williston is a city in and the county seat of Williams County, North Dakota, United States. The 2010 census gave its population as 14,716, and the Census Bureau gave the 2015 estimated population as 26,977, making Williston the sixth largest city in North Dakota. The North Dakota oil boom is largely responsible for the sharp increase in population. Title: Nanjing Passage: According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females. Title: London Passage: The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers. The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration. Title: Charles L. Scofield Passage: Charles L. Scofield (born February 15, 1925), was an American politician who was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives. He represented the 1st district in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1980, as a Republican. He is a past president of the North Dakota Broadcasters Association, the Williston Chamber of Commerce, and Williston Kiwanis Club. Title: Demographics of Sydney Passage: Significant overseas born populations Country of Birth Population (2011) United Kingdom 155,065 China 146,853 India 86,767 New Zealand 77,297 Vietnam 69,405 Philippines 61,122 Lebanon 54,215 South Korea 39,694 Italy 39,155 Hong Kong 36,804 South Africa 31,681 Fiji 29,598 Iraq 28,594 Greece 28,192 Indonesia 24,707 Title: Williston, Florida Passage: Williston is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,768. The city was established before 1885 by J. M. Willis, who named it after himself. Title: Florida State Road 500 Passage: State Road 500 (SR 500) is a major state highway running through Florida as a mostly unsigned route under several U.S. Highways. From Chiefland to Williston it is U.S. Highway 27 Alternate. From Williston to Ocala, it is U.S. Highway 27. From Ocala to Kissimmee, it is U.S. Highway 441. From Kissimmee to Indialantic it is U.S. Highway 192. Title: Bob Hunskor Passage: Robert Leroy Hunskor (born November 2, 1932) is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 6th district. A Democrat, he was first elected in 2000. He is an alumnus of Minot State College and former public school employee and coach in Newburg, North Dakota. He also served in the United States Army. Title: KTGO Passage: KTGO (1090 AM, "Bakken Beacon") is a radio station licensed to Tioga, North Dakota, United States. The station mainly serves Williston, along with oil field workers in the nearby Bakken Formation. Title: WTMG Passage: WTMG (Magic 101.3) is a commercial radio station in Williston, Florida, broadcasting to the Gainesville-Ocala, Florida area on 101.3 FM. Title: Champlain Valley Union High School Passage: Champlain Valley Union High School (CVU) is a high school located in the town of Hinesburg, Vermont, United States. The school serves the towns of Charlotte, Hinesburg, Shelburne, St. George, and Williston. The enrollment for the 2017-2018 school year was 1,322 students with 103 faculty. Title: Bern Passage: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%. Title: Martin Chittenden Passage: Chittenden was born in Salisbury in the Colony of Connecticut to Thomas Chittenden and Elizabeth Meigs Chittenden. He moved to Vermont in 1776 in the wake of the founding of the town of Williston by his father Thomas Chittenden. Martin Chittenden attended Mares School and in 1789 graduated from Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. Title: W. A. C. Bennett Dam Passage: The W. A. C. Bennett Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Peace River in northern British Columbia, Canada. At high, it is one of the world's highest earth fill dams. Construction of the dam began in 1961 and culminated in 1968. At the dam, the Finlay, the Parsnip and the Peace Rivers feed into Williston Lake, also referred to as Williston Reservoir. It is the third largest artificial lake in North America (after the Smallwood Reservoir and Manicouagan) as well as the largest body of fresh water in British Columbia. Williston Lake runs 250 kilometres north-south and 150 kilometres east-west. Title: East Williston, Florida Passage: East Williston is a census-designated place (CDP) in Levy County, Florida, United States. The population was 694 at the 2010 census. Title: Zahl, North Dakota Passage: Zahl is an unincorporated community in northwestern Williams County, North Dakota, United States. It lies along North Dakota Highway 50 north of the city of Williston, the county seat of Williams County. Its elevation is 2,014 feet (614 m). Although it is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 58856. Title: An Essay on the Principle of Population Passage: The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. The book predicted a grim future, as population would increase geometrically, doubling every 25 years, but food production would only grow arithmetically, which would result in famine and starvation, unless births were controlled.	[ "Williston, North Dakota", "Bob Hunskor" ]
2hop__37689_6587	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement. Reformers in the Church of England alternated between sympathies for ancient Catholic tradition and more Reformed principles, gradually developing into a tradition considered a middle way (via media) between the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions. The English Reformation followed a particular course. The different character of the English Reformation came primarily from the fact that it was driven initially by the political necessities of Henry VIII. King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome. In 1534, the Act of Supremacy recognized Henry as the only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England. Between 1535 and 1540, under Thomas Cromwell, the policy known as the Dissolution of the Monasteries was put into effect. Following a brief Roman Catholic restoration during the reign of Mary I, a loose consensus developed during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement largely formed Anglicanism into a distinctive church tradition. The compromise was uneasy and was capable of veering between extreme Calvinism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other. It was relatively successful until the Puritan Revolution or English Civil War in the 17th century.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pilgrims themselves were a part of the English Separatists (also known as English Dissenters) who were Protestant Christians who separated from the Church of England. The movement sought to practice Christianity as was done in the times of the Apostles. Following Martin Luther's and John Calvin's Reformation, they believed that the Bible was the only true source of religious teaching and that any additions made to Christianity had no place in Christian practice, especially with regard to church traditions, such as clerical vestments or the use of Latin in church services. In particular, they were strongly opposed to the Anglicans' episcopal form of church government. They believed that the church was a community of Christians who made a covenant with God and with one another. Their congregations had a democratic structure. Ministers, teachers, and lay church elders were elected by and responsible to the entire congregation (Calvinist Federalism). Each congregation was independent of all the others and directly subject to God's (or Christ's) government (theocracy), hence the name Congregationalism. The Pilgrims distinguished themselves from the Puritans in that they sought to ``separate ''themselves from the Anglican Church, rather than reform it from within. It was this desire to worship from outside of the Anglican Communion that led them first to the Netherlands and ultimately to New England.", "title": "Plymouth Colony" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has 150 congregations and 17 000–20 000 members. It was a mission of the Free Presbyterian church of Scotland. The Restored Reformed Church works with RPCM. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Malawi is an existing small church. Part of the Presbyterian Church in Malawi and Zambia is known as CCAP, Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian. Often the churches there have one main congregation and a number of Prayer Houses develop. education, health ministries as well as worship and spiritual development are important.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Belleville Dutch Reformed Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Reformed Dutch Church of Second River, is a historic church located in Belleville, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Founded as a Dutch Reformed church in 1697, it is named after the Second River, which is a tributary of the Passaic River. The church was rebuilt in 1725 and again in 1807. The church steeple was used as an observation post during the American Revolution. Over 62 Revolutionary soldiers are buried in the adjacent graveyard. The current church building was built in 1853.", "title": "Belleville Dutch Reformed Church" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church, also known as Flatlands Reformed Church, is a historic Dutch Reformed church at Kings Highway and East 40th Street in the Flatlands neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The complex consists of the church, administration building, and cemetery. The congregation was founded in 1654. The church was built in 1848 in the Greek Revival style. The Greek Revival administration building was constructed in 1904; it was enlarged in the 1920s. The cemetery contains about 1,500 burials dating to 1660.", "title": "Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dutch Reformed Church in the English Neighborhood (English Neighborhood Reformed Church of Ridgefield) is a historic church at 1040 Edgewater Avenue in Ridgefield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The church was built in 1793 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1998.", "title": "Dutch Reformed Church in the English Neighborhood" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.", "title": "Canon law" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ramapo Reformed Church (formerly the Dutch Reformed Church at Romopock) is a historic church on Island Road at West Ramapo Avenue in Mahwah, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The church was built in 1798 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1985.", "title": "Dutch Reformed Church at Romopock" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Christian Reformed Church of Toronto is a congregation of the Christian Reformed Church in North America in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the more liberal churches in its classis and the denomination. It was the first CRC parish to call a woman minister and declared itself open to gays and lesbians in committed relationships serving as deacons and elders. This was later rescinded in the face of pressure from the Toronto Classis (the leaders of Christian Reformed churches in the area).", "title": "First Christian Reformed Church of Toronto" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 17th century, thousands of English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. Puritans were generally members of the Church of England who believed that the Church of England was insufficiently reformed, retaining too much of its Roman Catholic doctrinal roots, and who therefore opposed royal ecclesiastical policy under Elizabeth I of England, James I of England, and Charles I of England. Most Puritans were ``non-separating Puritans '', meaning that they did not advocate setting up separate congregations distinct from the Church of England; a small minority of Puritans were`` separating Puritans'' who advocated setting up congregations outside the Church. The Pilgrims were a Separatist group, and they established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Non-separating Puritans played leading roles in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, the Saybrook Colony in 1635, the Connecticut Colony in 1636, and the New Haven Colony in 1638. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was established by settlers expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of their unorthodox religious opinions. Puritans were also active in New Hampshire before it became a crown colony in 1691.", "title": "History of the Puritans in North America" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age. The early Puritan movement was a movement for reform in the Church of England. The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially Geneva. The later Puritan movement, often referred to as dissenters and nonconformists, eventually led to the formation of various Reformed denominations.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contrary to how the Protestant Reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the catholic or universal church was seen by the Protestant reformers as an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, believed that they were reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Roman Catholic Church that had left them. In order to justify their departure from the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church—this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The core of the group that came to be known as the Pilgrims were brought together between 1586 and 1605 by shared theological beliefs, as expressed by Richard Clyfton, a Brownist parson at All Saints' Parish Church in Babworth, near East Retford, Nottinghamshire. This congregation held Puritan beliefs comparable to other non-conforming movements (i.e., groups not in communion with the Church of England) led by Robert Browne, John Greenwood, and Henry Barrowe. As Separatists, they also held that their differences with the Church of England were irreconcilable and that their worship should be independent of the trappings, traditions, and organization of a central church -- unlike those Puritans who maintained their membership in and allegiance to the Church of England. William Brewster, a former diplomatic assistant to the Netherlands, was living in the Scrooby manor house, serving as postmaster for the village and bailiff to the Archbishop of York. He had been impressed by Clyfton's services and had begun participating in services led by John Smyth in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire.", "title": "Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both \"catholic\" and \"Reformed\". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greenpoint Church is a Reformed Church in America and United Church of Christ church at 136 Milton Street in the Greenpoint neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. As of March 2012, it had a congregation of 80 people.", "title": "Greenpoint Reformed Church" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.", "title": "Presbyterianism" } ]	What term describes the church that the Puritan movement worked to reform and churches that align with it?	the Anglican Communion	[ "Anglicanism" ]	Title: Protestantism Passage: The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age. The early Puritan movement was a movement for reform in the Church of England. The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially Geneva. The later Puritan movement, often referred to as dissenters and nonconformists, eventually led to the formation of various Reformed denominations. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries. Title: Protestantism Passage: The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement. Reformers in the Church of England alternated between sympathies for ancient Catholic tradition and more Reformed principles, gradually developing into a tradition considered a middle way (via media) between the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions. The English Reformation followed a particular course. The different character of the English Reformation came primarily from the fact that it was driven initially by the political necessities of Henry VIII. King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome. In 1534, the Act of Supremacy recognized Henry as the only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England. Between 1535 and 1540, under Thomas Cromwell, the policy known as the Dissolution of the Monasteries was put into effect. Following a brief Roman Catholic restoration during the reign of Mary I, a loose consensus developed during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement largely formed Anglicanism into a distinctive church tradition. The compromise was uneasy and was capable of veering between extreme Calvinism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other. It was relatively successful until the Puritan Revolution or English Civil War in the 17th century. Title: Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church Passage: Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church, also known as Flatlands Reformed Church, is a historic Dutch Reformed church at Kings Highway and East 40th Street in the Flatlands neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The complex consists of the church, administration building, and cemetery. The congregation was founded in 1654. The church was built in 1848 in the Greek Revival style. The Greek Revival administration building was constructed in 1904; it was enlarged in the 1920s. The cemetery contains about 1,500 burials dating to 1660. Title: Plymouth Colony Passage: The Pilgrims themselves were a part of the English Separatists (also known as English Dissenters) who were Protestant Christians who separated from the Church of England. The movement sought to practice Christianity as was done in the times of the Apostles. Following Martin Luther's and John Calvin's Reformation, they believed that the Bible was the only true source of religious teaching and that any additions made to Christianity had no place in Christian practice, especially with regard to church traditions, such as clerical vestments or the use of Latin in church services. In particular, they were strongly opposed to the Anglicans' episcopal form of church government. They believed that the church was a community of Christians who made a covenant with God and with one another. Their congregations had a democratic structure. Ministers, teachers, and lay church elders were elected by and responsible to the entire congregation (Calvinist Federalism). Each congregation was independent of all the others and directly subject to God's (or Christ's) government (theocracy), hence the name Congregationalism. The Pilgrims distinguished themselves from the Puritans in that they sought to ``separate ''themselves from the Anglican Church, rather than reform it from within. It was this desire to worship from outside of the Anglican Communion that led them first to the Netherlands and ultimately to New England. Title: Dutch Reformed Church at Romopock Passage: Ramapo Reformed Church (formerly the Dutch Reformed Church at Romopock) is a historic church on Island Road at West Ramapo Avenue in Mahwah, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The church was built in 1798 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1985. Title: Protestantism Passage: They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church. Title: History of the Puritans in North America Passage: In the early 17th century, thousands of English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. Puritans were generally members of the Church of England who believed that the Church of England was insufficiently reformed, retaining too much of its Roman Catholic doctrinal roots, and who therefore opposed royal ecclesiastical policy under Elizabeth I of England, James I of England, and Charles I of England. Most Puritans were ``non-separating Puritans '', meaning that they did not advocate setting up separate congregations distinct from the Church of England; a small minority of Puritans were`` separating Puritans'' who advocated setting up congregations outside the Church. The Pilgrims were a Separatist group, and they established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Non-separating Puritans played leading roles in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, the Saybrook Colony in 1635, the Connecticut Colony in 1636, and the New Haven Colony in 1638. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was established by settlers expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of their unorthodox religious opinions. Puritans were also active in New Hampshire before it became a crown colony in 1691. Title: Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony) Passage: The core of the group that came to be known as the Pilgrims were brought together between 1586 and 1605 by shared theological beliefs, as expressed by Richard Clyfton, a Brownist parson at All Saints' Parish Church in Babworth, near East Retford, Nottinghamshire. This congregation held Puritan beliefs comparable to other non-conforming movements (i.e., groups not in communion with the Church of England) led by Robert Browne, John Greenwood, and Henry Barrowe. As Separatists, they also held that their differences with the Church of England were irreconcilable and that their worship should be independent of the trappings, traditions, and organization of a central church -- unlike those Puritans who maintained their membership in and allegiance to the Church of England. William Brewster, a former diplomatic assistant to the Netherlands, was living in the Scrooby manor house, serving as postmaster for the village and bailiff to the Archbishop of York. He had been impressed by Clyfton's services and had begun participating in services led by John Smyth in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both "catholic" and "Reformed". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary. Title: Greenpoint Reformed Church Passage: Greenpoint Church is a Reformed Church in America and United Church of Christ church at 136 Milton Street in the Greenpoint neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. As of March 2012, it had a congregation of 80 people. Title: Dutch Reformed Church in the English Neighborhood Passage: Dutch Reformed Church in the English Neighborhood (English Neighborhood Reformed Church of Ridgefield) is a historic church at 1040 Edgewater Avenue in Ridgefield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The church was built in 1793 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1998. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has 150 congregations and 17 000–20 000 members. It was a mission of the Free Presbyterian church of Scotland. The Restored Reformed Church works with RPCM. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Malawi is an existing small church. Part of the Presbyterian Church in Malawi and Zambia is known as CCAP, Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian. Often the churches there have one main congregation and a number of Prayer Houses develop. education, health ministries as well as worship and spiritual development are important. Title: First Christian Reformed Church of Toronto Passage: The First Christian Reformed Church of Toronto is a congregation of the Christian Reformed Church in North America in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the more liberal churches in its classis and the denomination. It was the first CRC parish to call a woman minister and declared itself open to gays and lesbians in committed relationships serving as deacons and elders. This was later rescinded in the face of pressure from the Toronto Classis (the leaders of Christian Reformed churches in the area). Title: Protestantism Passage: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America. Title: Belleville Dutch Reformed Church Passage: The Belleville Dutch Reformed Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Reformed Dutch Church of Second River, is a historic church located in Belleville, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Founded as a Dutch Reformed church in 1697, it is named after the Second River, which is a tributary of the Passaic River. The church was rebuilt in 1725 and again in 1807. The church steeple was used as an observation post during the American Revolution. Over 62 Revolutionary soldiers are buried in the adjacent graveyard. The current church building was built in 1853. Title: Protestantism Passage: In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo. Title: Canon law Passage: Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law. Title: Protestantism Passage: Contrary to how the Protestant Reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the catholic or universal church was seen by the Protestant reformers as an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, believed that they were reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Roman Catholic Church that had left them. In order to justify their departure from the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church—this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation.	[ "Canon law", "Protestantism" ]
3hop1__106098_69948_617898	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website", "title": "Chechnya" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Masha and the Bear Russian Маша и Медведь Genre Adventure, comedy Created by Oleg Kuzovkov Country of origin Russia Original language (s) Russian No. of seasons No. of episodes 72 Production Running time 7 minutes Production company (s) Animaccord Animation Studio Distributor Animaccord Animation Studio Release Original network Russia 1, Carousel, Teletoon, Treehouse TV (Canada) Universal Kids (US) Spacetoon (Arab world) Cartoonito, Boomerang and Tiny Pop (UK) Cúla 4 (Ireland) PLUSPLUS (Ukraine) Original release 18 January 2009 (2009 - 01 - 18) -- present External links Website", "title": "Masha and the Bear" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally the benefits received by retirees were not taxed as income. Beginning in tax year 1984, with the Reagan - era reforms to repair the system's projected insolvency, retirees with incomes over $25,000 (in the case of married persons filing separately who did not live with the spouse at any time during the year, and for persons filing as ``single ''), or with combined incomes over $32,000 (if married filing jointly) or, in certain cases, any income amount (if married filing separately from the spouse in a year in which the taxpayer lived with the spouse at any time) generally saw part of the retiree benefits subject to federal income tax. In 1984, the portion of the benefits potentially subject to tax was 50%. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 set the portion to 85%.", "title": "Social Security (United States)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( \"Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova\", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer.", "title": "Raisa Gorbacheva" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The BRDM-2 (\"Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina\", Боевая Разведывательная Дозорная Машина, literally \"Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle\") is an amphibious armoured patrol car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union. It was also known under the designations BTR-40PB, BTR-40P-2 and GAZ 41-08. This vehicle, like many other Soviet designs, has been exported extensively and is in use in at least 38 countries. It was intended to replace the earlier BRDM-1, compared to which it had improved amphibious capabilities and better armament.", "title": "BRDM-2" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from \"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic\" to \"Russian Federation,\" showing that it was now a sovereign state.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belarus (; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus (, ), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "title": "Belarus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crimean People's Republic () () existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula, a territory currently disputed between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Crimean People’s Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the world. In its founding, the Crimean People's Republic was one of many short-lived attempts to create new states after the Russian Revolution of 1917 had caused the Russian Empire to collapse.", "title": "Crimean People's Republic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Far Eastern Republic (), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. Although theoretically independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. Its first president was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov.", "title": "Far Eastern Republic" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Get Up! Starring Mike Greenberg Michelle Beadle Jalen Rose Country of origin United States Production Location (s) New York City Running time 3 hours Release Original network ESPN Original release April 2, 2018 -- present", "title": "Get Up! (TV program)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After about 300 years of partition by feudal dynasties, Vietnam was again under one single authority in 1802 when Gia Long founded the Nguyễn dynasty, but the country became a French protectorate after 1883 and under Japanese occupation after 1940 during World War II. Soon after Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, the Việt Minh in the August Revolution entered Hanoi, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on September 2, 1945: a government for the entire country, replacing the Nguyễn dynasty. Hồ Chí Minh became leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt had spoken against French rule in Indochina, and U.S.A. was supportive of the Viet Minh at this time.", "title": "North Vietnam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Russky Newsweek or \"Newsweek Russia\" was a Russian language news magazine published in Russia between 2004 and 2010 as the Russian edition of \"Newsweek\". It was the first news magazine with a Western origin published in the country.", "title": "Russky Newsweek" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The BRDM-2 entered service with the Soviet Army in 1962. It was first publicly shown in 1966. It replaced the BRDM-1 in the Soviet and Warsaw Pact armies. Production started in 1962 and went on until 1989, with 7,200 vehicles produced (mostly for export).", "title": "BRDM-2" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" } ]	Who was the spouse of the president of the Russian republic at the time the country BRDM-2 originated from disintegrated?	Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva	[ "Raisa Gorbacheva" ]	Title: Get Up! (TV program) Passage: Get Up! Starring Mike Greenberg Michelle Beadle Jalen Rose Country of origin United States Production Location (s) New York City Running time 3 hours Release Original network ESPN Original release April 2, 2018 -- present Title: Masha and the Bear Passage: Masha and the Bear Russian Маша и Медведь Genre Adventure, comedy Created by Oleg Kuzovkov Country of origin Russia Original language (s) Russian No. of seasons No. of episodes 72 Production Running time 7 minutes Production company (s) Animaccord Animation Studio Distributor Animaccord Animation Studio Release Original network Russia 1, Carousel, Teletoon, Treehouse TV (Canada) Universal Kids (US) Spacetoon (Arab world) Cartoonito, Boomerang and Tiny Pop (UK) Cúla 4 (Ireland) PLUSPLUS (Ukraine) Original release 18 January 2009 (2009 - 01 - 18) -- present External links Website Title: Crimean People's Republic Passage: The Crimean People's Republic () () existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula, a territory currently disputed between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Crimean People’s Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the world. In its founding, the Crimean People's Republic was one of many short-lived attempts to create new states after the Russian Revolution of 1917 had caused the Russian Empire to collapse. Title: BRDM-2 Passage: The BRDM-2 entered service with the Soviet Army in 1962. It was first publicly shown in 1966. It replaced the BRDM-1 in the Soviet and Warsaw Pact armies. Production started in 1962 and went on until 1989, with 7,200 vehicles produced (mostly for export). Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. Title: Josip Broz Tito Passage: In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Title: Far Eastern Republic Passage: The Far Eastern Republic (), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. Although theoretically independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. Its first president was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700. Title: BRDM-2 Passage: The BRDM-2 ("Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina", Боевая Разведывательная Дозорная Машина, literally "Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle") is an amphibious armoured patrol car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union. It was also known under the designations BTR-40PB, BTR-40P-2 and GAZ 41-08. This vehicle, like many other Soviet designs, has been exported extensively and is in use in at least 38 countries. It was intended to replace the earlier BRDM-1, compared to which it had improved amphibious capabilities and better armament. Title: Russian language Passage: In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria). Title: Chechnya Passage: Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E / 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website Title: Raisa Gorbacheva Passage: Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( "Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer. Title: Belarus Passage: Belarus (; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus (, ), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. Title: Social Security (United States) Passage: Originally the benefits received by retirees were not taxed as income. Beginning in tax year 1984, with the Reagan - era reforms to repair the system's projected insolvency, retirees with incomes over $25,000 (in the case of married persons filing separately who did not live with the spouse at any time during the year, and for persons filing as ``single ''), or with combined incomes over $32,000 (if married filing jointly) or, in certain cases, any income amount (if married filing separately from the spouse in a year in which the taxpayer lived with the spouse at any time) generally saw part of the retiree benefits subject to federal income tax. In 1984, the portion of the benefits potentially subject to tax was 50%. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 set the portion to 85%. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag. Title: North Vietnam Passage: After about 300 years of partition by feudal dynasties, Vietnam was again under one single authority in 1802 when Gia Long founded the Nguyễn dynasty, but the country became a French protectorate after 1883 and under Japanese occupation after 1940 during World War II. Soon after Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, the Việt Minh in the August Revolution entered Hanoi, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on September 2, 1945: a government for the entire country, replacing the Nguyễn dynasty. Hồ Chí Minh became leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt had spoken against French rule in Indochina, and U.S.A. was supportive of the Viet Minh at this time. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation," showing that it was now a sovereign state. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months. Title: Russky Newsweek Passage: Russky Newsweek or "Newsweek Russia" was a Russian language news magazine published in Russia between 2004 and 2010 as the Russian edition of "Newsweek". It was the first news magazine with a Western origin published in the country.	[ "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "Raisa Gorbacheva", "BRDM-2" ]
2hop__447256_10369	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Djibouti, rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are also found at Dorra and Balho.", "title": "Cave painting" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the ``state of the union ''and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on most networks.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The run-off took place on 11 January 2015, with Grabar-Kitarović winning 50.7% of the vote. She thereby became Croatia's first female post-independence head of state and the country's first conservative president in 15 years. She was ceremonially sworn into office on 15 February, and assumed office officially at midnight on 19 February 2015.Upon election, Grabar-Kitarović became the first woman in Europe to defeat an incumbent president running for reelection, as well as the second woman in the world to do so, after Violetta Chamorro of Nicaragua in 1990. She is also the first candidate of any gender to defeat an incumbent Croatian president. In addition, Grabar-Kitarović is the only presidential candidate to date to have won a Croatian presidential election without having won the most votes in the first round of elections, as she lost it by 1.24% or 21,000 votes. Furthermore, the 1.114 million votes she received in the second round is the lowest number of votes for any winning candidate in a presidential election in Croatia and the 1.48% victory margin against Josipović is the smallest in any such election to date.", "title": "Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Balho () is a town located in the Tadjourah region of Djibouti. It is situated on the N11 highway. It is situated about 32 kilometres (20 miles) west of Dorra and 6 km (4 mi) east of the border with Ethiopia.", "title": "Balho" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katherine Simonds Dhanani is an American diplomat. She was nominated as the Ambassador of the United States to Somalia, having been nominated for the position on 25 February 2015 by U.S. President Barack Obama. Dhanani is the first official U.S. envoy to the country in over two decades. On May 11, 2015, it was reported that Dhanani had withdrawn her nomination to the post of Ambassador to Somalia for personal reasons.", "title": "Katherine Dhanani" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German \"Reichskanzler\", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents.", "title": "Bismarck monument" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State of Affairs is an American espionage thriller series created by Alexi Hawley, which premiered on NBC on November 17, 2014, during the 2014–15 American television season. The series stars Katherine Heigl as CIA analyst Charleston Tucker, who is tasked with assembling and presenting the President's Daily Briefing on the most vital security issues facing the country, and Alfre Woodard as the first black woman to be elected President of the United States, Constance Payton. After one season, NBC canceled \"State of Affairs\".", "title": "State of Affairs (TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher (; 17 April 1909 – 9 December 1996) was a French centrist politician, affiliated first with the Popular Republican Movement and later with the Democratic Centre. He served as a Senator for Val-de-Marne from 1946 to 1995. He was President of the Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992 and, in that capacity, served twice as the country's interim president. A leading candidate in the 1969 presidential election, he was defeated by Georges Pompidou in the second round.", "title": "Alain Poher" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993.", "title": "Constitution of South Africa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander - in - chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II. The last Governor - General, Sir Ellis Clarke, was sworn in as the first President on 1 August 1976 under a transitional arrangement. He was formally chosen as President by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on 24 September 1976, which is now celebrated as Republic Day.", "title": "President of Trinidad and Tobago" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santos León Herrera (May 21, 1874, San José – May 8, 1950, San José) was interim president of Costa Rica for 18 days during the country's 1948 civil war, serving from April 20 - May 8 of that year. He also previously served as vice president of the country, as part of the Teodoro Picado Michalski administration of 1944 - 1948. Before that, he served as interior minister from 1932 - 1936.", "title": "Santos León Herrera" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the President of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Andes to rule the country, and was the first of five military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years.", "title": "Cipriano Castro" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as President of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004. She was previously the country's vice president from 21 October 1999 to 23 July 2001.", "title": "Megawati Sukarnoputri" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``God Bless the U.S.A. ''is an American patriotic song written and recorded by country music artist Lee Greenwood, and is considered to be his signature song. The first album it appears on is 1984's You've Got a Good Love Comin '. It reached No. 7 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart when originally released in the spring of 1984, and was played at the 1984 Republican National Convention with President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan in attendance, but the song gained greater prominence during the Gulf War in 1990 and 1991, as a way of boosting morale.", "title": "God Bless the U.S.A." }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first hundred days of a first - term presidency of a President of the United States are sometimes used to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest. The term was coined in a July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 - day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration.", "title": "First hundred days" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House First edition cover Author Michael Wolff Country United States Language English Subject Presidency of Donald Trump Published January 5, 2018 Publisher Henry Holt and Company Media type Print, e-book, audiobook Pages 336 ISBN 978 - 1 - 250 - 15806 - 2 (Hardcover)", "title": "Fire and Fury" } ]	Who was the first president in the country where Balho is located?	Hassan Gouled Aptidon	[]	Title: Somalis Passage: A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991). Title: First hundred days Passage: The first hundred days of a first - term presidency of a President of the United States are sometimes used to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest. The term was coined in a July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 - day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration. Title: Santos León Herrera Passage: Santos León Herrera (May 21, 1874, San José – May 8, 1950, San José) was interim president of Costa Rica for 18 days during the country's 1948 civil war, serving from April 20 - May 8 of that year. He also previously served as vice president of the country, as part of the Teodoro Picado Michalski administration of 1944 - 1948. Before that, he served as interior minister from 1932 - 1936. Title: Cipriano Castro Passage: José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the President of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Andes to rule the country, and was the first of five military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years. Title: State of Affairs (TV series) Passage: State of Affairs is an American espionage thriller series created by Alexi Hawley, which premiered on NBC on November 17, 2014, during the 2014–15 American television season. The series stars Katherine Heigl as CIA analyst Charleston Tucker, who is tasked with assembling and presenting the President's Daily Briefing on the most vital security issues facing the country, and Alfre Woodard as the first black woman to be elected President of the United States, Constance Payton. After one season, NBC canceled "State of Affairs". Title: Balho Passage: Balho () is a town located in the Tadjourah region of Djibouti. It is situated on the N11 highway. It is situated about 32 kilometres (20 miles) west of Dorra and 6 km (4 mi) east of the border with Ethiopia. Title: Constitution of South Africa Passage: The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993. Title: Alain Poher Passage: Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher (; 17 April 1909 – 9 December 1996) was a French centrist politician, affiliated first with the Popular Republican Movement and later with the Democratic Centre. He served as a Senator for Val-de-Marne from 1946 to 1995. He was President of the Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992 and, in that capacity, served twice as the country's interim president. A leading candidate in the 1969 presidential election, he was defeated by Georges Pompidou in the second round. Title: Fire and Fury Passage: Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House First edition cover Author Michael Wolff Country United States Language English Subject Presidency of Donald Trump Published January 5, 2018 Publisher Henry Holt and Company Media type Print, e-book, audiobook Pages 336 ISBN 978 - 1 - 250 - 15806 - 2 (Hardcover) Title: Prime minister Passage: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president. Title: Megawati Sukarnoputri Passage: Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as President of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004. She was previously the country's vice president from 21 October 1999 to 23 July 2001. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. Title: Bismarck monument Passage: From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German "Reichskanzler", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents. Title: Katherine Dhanani Passage: Katherine Simonds Dhanani is an American diplomat. She was nominated as the Ambassador of the United States to Somalia, having been nominated for the position on 25 February 2015 by U.S. President Barack Obama. Dhanani is the first official U.S. envoy to the country in over two decades. On May 11, 2015, it was reported that Dhanani had withdrawn her nomination to the post of Ambassador to Somalia for personal reasons. Title: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Passage: The run-off took place on 11 January 2015, with Grabar-Kitarović winning 50.7% of the vote. She thereby became Croatia's first female post-independence head of state and the country's first conservative president in 15 years. She was ceremonially sworn into office on 15 February, and assumed office officially at midnight on 19 February 2015.Upon election, Grabar-Kitarović became the first woman in Europe to defeat an incumbent president running for reelection, as well as the second woman in the world to do so, after Violetta Chamorro of Nicaragua in 1990. She is also the first candidate of any gender to defeat an incumbent Croatian president. In addition, Grabar-Kitarović is the only presidential candidate to date to have won a Croatian presidential election without having won the most votes in the first round of elections, as she lost it by 1.24% or 21,000 votes. Furthermore, the 1.114 million votes she received in the second round is the lowest number of votes for any winning candidate in a presidential election in Croatia and the 1.48% victory margin against Josipović is the smallest in any such election to date. Title: President of Trinidad and Tobago Passage: The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander - in - chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II. The last Governor - General, Sir Ellis Clarke, was sworn in as the first President on 1 August 1976 under a transitional arrangement. He was formally chosen as President by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on 24 September 1976, which is now celebrated as Republic Day. Title: State of the Union Passage: The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the ``state of the union ''and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on most networks. Title: Cave painting Passage: In Djibouti, rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are also found at Dorra and Balho. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat. Title: God Bless the U.S.A. Passage: ``God Bless the U.S.A. ''is an American patriotic song written and recorded by country music artist Lee Greenwood, and is considered to be his signature song. The first album it appears on is 1984's You've Got a Good Love Comin '. It reached No. 7 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart when originally released in the spring of 1984, and was played at the 1984 Republican National Convention with President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan in attendance, but the song gained greater prominence during the Gulf War in 1990 and 1991, as a way of boosting morale.	[ "Balho", "Somalis" ]
3hop1__515576_777020_24607	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "27 is an American rock band from Cambridge, Massachusetts. 27 was formed by Maria Christopher, formerly of Dirt Merchants, and Ayal Naor in 1997. 27 is commonly categorized as a rock or indie rock band, but the genres lo-fi and emo have occasionally been used to describe them.", "title": "27 (band)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. This local vote in a small, remote part of the Soviet Union made headlines around the world; it was an unprecedented defiance of republic and national authorities. On February 22, 1988, in what became known as the \"Askeran clash\", two Azerbaijanis were killed by Karabakh police. These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. The authorities totally lost control and occupied the city with paratroopers and tanks; nearly all of the 14,000 Armenian residents of Sumgait fled.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malacañang sa Sugbo (, ) is the official residence of the President of the Philippines in the Visayas. It is located in Cebu City near the Port Area and Fort San Pedro, and within walking distance from the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Magellan's Cross, and City Hall. It is named after the Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President in the capital city of Manila.", "title": "Malacañang sa Sugbo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Los Olivos is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is considered the unofficial capital of the Cono Norte area in the city of Lima.", "title": "Los Olivos District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raging Waters opened June 18, 1983, located in Los Angeles Los Angeles County in the city of San Dimas, near SR 57 between Interstate 10 and Interstate 210. Park officials described it as California's largest water park in 2011.", "title": "Raging Waters" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lo-Fi is an American country band formed in Nashville, TN in 2013. led by singer/songwriter, Jamie Teachenor(vocals, piano, keyboards) and songwriter & producer, Joe West (guitars, vocals). Teachenor and West have both been independently successful in the music business, working with artists such as Justin Timberlake, Keith Urban, Luke Bryan, P. Diddy, Steve Earle, Trisha Yearwood, Tim McGraw, Emmylou Harris, Blake Shelton, Shakira, and many more, with combined sales of over 20 million albums. Their first public performance as Lo-Fi was on May 7, 2013, at the Historic Ryman Auditorium, as part of the sold out show, \"Honor Thy Song\", honoring late Nashville singer-songwriter and producer, Tim Johnson.", "title": "Lo-Fi (band)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crayon Fields is a four-piece Melbourne-based music group signed to the labels Chapter Music and Rallye. They have been described as lo-fi with an artful naïve-pop aesthetic.", "title": "The Crayon Fields" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of \"last to join the Confederacy\" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Town Line is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is located on the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Alden. Town Line is notable for having held a nonbinding vote to secede from the United States in 1861, and for having held a ceremonial vote to rejoin the United States in 1946.", "title": "Town Line, New York" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the late 1990s the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime. In 2002, the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, urban decay, and poorly maintained infrastructure. Since that unsuccessful secession attempt, a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003; the Metro Orange Line opened in October 2005; 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012, and the valley's ethnic majority is now Hispanic, edging out Whites by 0.8%.", "title": "San Fernando Valley" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Suroeste is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) located in southwestern province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, western Spain. Its capital and largest city is Jerez de los Caballeros.", "title": "Sierra Suroeste" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donald Trump won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 47.2% to 46.5% for Hillary Clinton, thanks to overwhelming and underestimated support from white working class voters which the Democrats had previously had an advantage with, making him the first Republican candidate to carry the state since Ronald Reagan in 1984. On November 25, an irregularity was discovered by officials in Outagamie County, that resulted in the pre-official vote totals being reported incorrectly. This irregularity was due to a calculator error. It was corrected in the official vote totals. Following a statewide recount requested by Jill Stein's campaign, Trump was certified to have won Wisconsin by a narrow margin -- 1,405,284 votes to Clinton's 1,382,536.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico.", "title": "KABG" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ildjarn was a black metal project from Norway that formed in 1991. Ildjarn recorded music until 1997 but did not officially end until 2005. The man behind Ildjarn was Vidar Vaaer, although some releases were collaborations with a musician known as Nidhogg. Ildjarn's music was a very simple and lo-fi brand of black metal, with most songs composed of basic drum patterns, a couple of riffs, and unintelligible vocals. The band's style has been compared to hardcore punk in its simplistic ferocity and short song lengths. Two Ildjarn albums were made entirely on a synthesizer.", "title": "Ildjarn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KDLW is a commercial radio station located in Los Lunas, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Albuquerque, New Mexico area on 106.3 FM. KDLW airs a Top 40 (CHR) music format branded as \"Z106.3\".", "title": "KDLW" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KKSS (97.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. KKSS airs an urban-leaning rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as \"Kiss 97.3\". Owned by American General Media, its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque (a mile north of Central Avenue) and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos.", "title": "KKSS" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Only Place is the second studio album by American indie rock duo Best Coast, released on May 15, 2012 by Mexican Summer. Produced by Jon Brion, the album was recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, California. The album was primarily inspired by the upheaval following the unexpected success of \"Crazy for You\". To this end, the duo attempted to distance themselves from the lo-fi aesthetic of their first release by working with producer Jon Brion. Recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, \"The Only Place\" was inspired by 1960s country music and Fleetwood Mac.", "title": "The Only Place" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.)", "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 2 July 2000, he was elected Head of Government of the Federal District—a position akin to that of city mayor for the national capital district—with 38.3% of the vote.", "title": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador" } ]	When did the state whose capitol is where Lo-Fi formed officially vote to secede?	June 8, 1861	[]	Title: KDLW Passage: KDLW is a commercial radio station located in Los Lunas, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Albuquerque, New Mexico area on 106.3 FM. KDLW airs a Top 40 (CHR) music format branded as "Z106.3". Title: The Crayon Fields Passage: Crayon Fields is a four-piece Melbourne-based music group signed to the labels Chapter Music and Rallye. They have been described as lo-fi with an artful naïve-pop aesthetic. Title: Raging Waters Passage: Raging Waters opened June 18, 1983, located in Los Angeles Los Angeles County in the city of San Dimas, near SR 57 between Interstate 10 and Interstate 210. Park officials described it as California's largest water park in 2011. Title: KKSS Passage: KKSS (97.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. KKSS airs an urban-leaning rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as "Kiss 97.3". Owned by American General Media, its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque (a mile north of Central Avenue) and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos. Title: Lo-Fi (band) Passage: Lo-Fi is an American country band formed in Nashville, TN in 2013. led by singer/songwriter, Jamie Teachenor(vocals, piano, keyboards) and songwriter & producer, Joe West (guitars, vocals). Teachenor and West have both been independently successful in the music business, working with artists such as Justin Timberlake, Keith Urban, Luke Bryan, P. Diddy, Steve Earle, Trisha Yearwood, Tim McGraw, Emmylou Harris, Blake Shelton, Shakira, and many more, with combined sales of over 20 million albums. Their first public performance as Lo-Fi was on May 7, 2013, at the Historic Ryman Auditorium, as part of the sold out show, "Honor Thy Song", honoring late Nashville singer-songwriter and producer, Tim Johnson. Title: Sierra Suroeste Passage: Sierra Suroeste is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) located in southwestern province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, western Spain. Its capital and largest city is Jerez de los Caballeros. Title: Virginia in the American Civil War Passage: The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.) Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: In February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. This local vote in a small, remote part of the Soviet Union made headlines around the world; it was an unprecedented defiance of republic and national authorities. On February 22, 1988, in what became known as the "Askeran clash", two Azerbaijanis were killed by Karabakh police. These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. The authorities totally lost control and occupied the city with paratroopers and tanks; nearly all of the 14,000 Armenian residents of Sumgait fled. Title: Malacañang sa Sugbo Passage: Malacañang sa Sugbo (, ) is the official residence of the President of the Philippines in the Visayas. It is located in Cebu City near the Port Area and Fort San Pedro, and within walking distance from the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Magellan's Cross, and City Hall. It is named after the Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President in the capital city of Manila. Title: William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower Passage: The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building. Title: 27 (band) Passage: 27 is an American rock band from Cambridge, Massachusetts. 27 was formed by Maria Christopher, formerly of Dirt Merchants, and Ayal Naor in 1997. 27 is commonly categorized as a rock or indie rock band, but the genres lo-fi and emo have occasionally been used to describe them. Title: North Carolina Passage: In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861. Title: Los Olivos District Passage: Los Olivos is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is considered the unofficial capital of the Cono Norte area in the city of Lima. Title: The Only Place Passage: The Only Place is the second studio album by American indie rock duo Best Coast, released on May 15, 2012 by Mexican Summer. Produced by Jon Brion, the album was recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, California. The album was primarily inspired by the upheaval following the unexpected success of "Crazy for You". To this end, the duo attempted to distance themselves from the lo-fi aesthetic of their first release by working with producer Jon Brion. Recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, "The Only Place" was inspired by 1960s country music and Fleetwood Mac. Title: KABG Passage: KABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico. Title: 2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin Passage: Donald Trump won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 47.2% to 46.5% for Hillary Clinton, thanks to overwhelming and underestimated support from white working class voters which the Democrats had previously had an advantage with, making him the first Republican candidate to carry the state since Ronald Reagan in 1984. On November 25, an irregularity was discovered by officials in Outagamie County, that resulted in the pre-official vote totals being reported incorrectly. This irregularity was due to a calculator error. It was corrected in the official vote totals. Following a statewide recount requested by Jill Stein's campaign, Trump was certified to have won Wisconsin by a narrow margin -- 1,405,284 votes to Clinton's 1,382,536. Title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador Passage: On 2 July 2000, he was elected Head of Government of the Federal District—a position akin to that of city mayor for the national capital district—with 38.3% of the vote. Title: Ildjarn Passage: Ildjarn was a black metal project from Norway that formed in 1991. Ildjarn recorded music until 1997 but did not officially end until 2005. The man behind Ildjarn was Vidar Vaaer, although some releases were collaborations with a musician known as Nidhogg. Ildjarn's music was a very simple and lo-fi brand of black metal, with most songs composed of basic drum patterns, a couple of riffs, and unintelligible vocals. The band's style has been compared to hardcore punk in its simplistic ferocity and short song lengths. Two Ildjarn albums were made entirely on a synthesizer. Title: Town Line, New York Passage: Town Line is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is located on the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Alden. Town Line is notable for having held a nonbinding vote to secede from the United States in 1861, and for having held a ceremonial vote to rejoin the United States in 1946. Title: San Fernando Valley Passage: By the late 1990s the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime. In 2002, the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, urban decay, and poorly maintained infrastructure. Since that unsuccessful secession attempt, a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003; the Metro Orange Line opened in October 2005; 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012, and the valley's ethnic majority is now Hispanic, edging out Whites by 0.8%.	[ "Lo-Fi (band)", "North Carolina", "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" ]
3hop2__642527_136370_606586	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the present day, Logan lives as a hermit in Yukon, tormented by hallucinations of Jean Grey, whom he was forced to kill to save the world. He is located by Yukio, a mutant with the ability to foresee people's deaths, on behalf of Ichirō, now the CEO of a technology zaibatsu. Ichirō, who is dying of cancer, wants Logan to accompany Yukio to Japan so that he may repay his life debt. In Tokyo, Logan meets Ichirō's son, Shingen, and granddaughter, Mariko. There, Ichirō offers to transfer Logan's healing abilities into his own body, thus saving Ichirō's life and alleviating Logan of his near-immortality, which Logan views as a curse. Logan refuses and prepares to leave the following day. That night, Ichirō's physician Dr. Green introduces something into Logan's body, but Logan dismisses it as a dream.", "title": "The Wolverine (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whitman Junction is an unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Whitman Junction is located at the confluence of Copperas Mine Fork and Whitman Creek along County Route 18, west-southwest of Logan.", "title": "Whitman Junction, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Best of the Badmen is a 1951 western adventure film directed by William D. Russell that is set in Missouri during the post-American Civil War period. It stars Robert Ryan, Claire Trevor and Robert Preston. It was a loose follow-up to \"Return of the Bad Men\" (1948).", "title": "Best of the Badmen" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CJYE is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 1250 AM in Oakville, Ontario. The station airs a Christian music and talk format branded as Joy 1250. CJYE's studios are located on Church Street in downtown Oakville, while its transmitters are located along Dundas Street West near Third Line Road on the northwest side of Oakville.", "title": "CJYE" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like:", "title": "Clear Water Bay Country Park" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the mid-1990s, the RCGA decided to move the championship around the country, and continues to alternate between Glen Abbey and other clubs. The owner since 2005, Clublink Corp filed an application in October 2015 to redevelop the property into a residential community, with offices and retail stores. There was no provision for a golf course in the plan. The Town of Oakville Council responded in August 2017 by declaring the golf course a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would make it more difficult for ClubLink to develop the area as it had planned. Golf Canada was also concerned since it could not predict whether it could get the necessary permit to hold the Canadian Open at Glen Abbey in 2018 as it had planned. The dispute between the Town of Oakville and ClubLink remains before the provincial appeal tribunal. Due to this situation, the Open will be held at Hamilton Golf and Country Club in 2019.", "title": "Canadian Open (golf)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Badman's Territory is a 1946 American Western film starring Randolph Scott. It was followed by the loose sequels \"Return of the Bad Men\" (1948) and \"Best of the Badmen\" (1951).", "title": "Badman's Territory" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Oakville is an unincorporated community located in the southeast corner of Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. The community has two parks, one dedicated to 20th-century African-American athlete Jesse Owens and the other to Middle Woodland period and Cherokee Native Americans.", "title": "Oakville, Alabama" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Logan (April 5, 1824 – March 26, 1874) was an American attorney and politician in the territory of and later state of Oregon. A native of Illinois, he moved to Oregon in 1850 where he served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature and in the Oregon Constitutional Convention. A founder of the Oregon Republican Party, he also served as mayor of Portland.", "title": "David Logan (Oregon politician)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mallory is a census-designated place (CDP) in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 1,654 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Mallory, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there.", "title": "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan.", "title": "Two Thousand Acres of Sky" } ]	In which country is Logan in same county as Oakville in the state where Best of the Badmen takes place?	U.S.	[ "America", "USA", "U.S", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Whitman Junction, West Virginia Passage: Whitman Junction is an unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Whitman Junction is located at the confluence of Copperas Mine Fork and Whitman Creek along County Route 18, west-southwest of Logan. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: CJYE Passage: CJYE is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 1250 AM in Oakville, Ontario. The station airs a Christian music and talk format branded as Joy 1250. CJYE's studios are located on Church Street in downtown Oakville, while its transmitters are located along Dundas Street West near Third Line Road on the northwest side of Oakville. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Canadian Open (golf) Passage: In the mid-1990s, the RCGA decided to move the championship around the country, and continues to alternate between Glen Abbey and other clubs. The owner since 2005, Clublink Corp filed an application in October 2015 to redevelop the property into a residential community, with offices and retail stores. There was no provision for a golf course in the plan. The Town of Oakville Council responded in August 2017 by declaring the golf course a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would make it more difficult for ClubLink to develop the area as it had planned. Golf Canada was also concerned since it could not predict whether it could get the necessary permit to hold the Canadian Open at Glen Abbey in 2018 as it had planned. The dispute between the Town of Oakville and ClubLink remains before the provincial appeal tribunal. Due to this situation, the Open will be held at Hamilton Golf and Country Club in 2019. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri Passage: Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Mallory, West Virginia Passage: Mallory is a census-designated place (CDP) in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 1,654 at the 2010 census. Title: Clear Water Bay Country Park Passage: Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like: Title: Dallol (woreda) Passage: Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda. Title: Best of the Badmen Passage: Best of the Badmen is a 1951 western adventure film directed by William D. Russell that is set in Missouri during the post-American Civil War period. It stars Robert Ryan, Claire Trevor and Robert Preston. It was a loose follow-up to "Return of the Bad Men" (1948). Title: David Logan (Oregon politician) Passage: David Logan (April 5, 1824 – March 26, 1874) was an American attorney and politician in the territory of and later state of Oregon. A native of Illinois, he moved to Oregon in 1850 where he served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature and in the Oregon Constitutional Convention. A founder of the Oregon Republican Party, he also served as mayor of Portland. Title: The Wolverine (film) Passage: In the present day, Logan lives as a hermit in Yukon, tormented by hallucinations of Jean Grey, whom he was forced to kill to save the world. He is located by Yukio, a mutant with the ability to foresee people's deaths, on behalf of Ichirō, now the CEO of a technology zaibatsu. Ichirō, who is dying of cancer, wants Logan to accompany Yukio to Japan so that he may repay his life debt. In Tokyo, Logan meets Ichirō's son, Shingen, and granddaughter, Mariko. There, Ichirō offers to transfer Logan's healing abilities into his own body, thus saving Ichirō's life and alleviating Logan of his near-immortality, which Logan views as a curse. Logan refuses and prepares to leave the following day. That night, Ichirō's physician Dr. Green introduces something into Logan's body, but Logan dismisses it as a dream. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Oakville, Alabama Passage: Oakville is an unincorporated community located in the southeast corner of Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. The community has two parks, one dedicated to 20th-century African-American athlete Jesse Owens and the other to Middle Woodland period and Cherokee Native Americans. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Two Thousand Acres of Sky Passage: The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan. Title: Badman's Territory Passage: Badman's Territory is a 1946 American Western film starring Randolph Scott. It was followed by the loose sequels "Return of the Bad Men" (1948) and "Best of the Badmen" (1951).	[ "Best of the Badmen", "Oakville, Alabama", "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri" ]
2hop__130004_47295	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Elizabeth is an unincorporated community located within Maurice River Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP code 08348.", "title": "Port Elizabeth, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American area code 432 is a state of Texas telephone area code in the Permian Basin area of the state including the cities of Midland and Odessa. It was created, along with area code 325, on April 5, 2003 in a split from area code 915.", "title": "Area code 432" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hālona Blowhole is a rock formation and a blowhole on the island of Oahu, Hawaii off of Hanauma Bay at Hālona Point overlooking the Pacific Ocean. In Hawaiian \"hālona\" means \"lookout\".", "title": "Hālona Blowhole" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ozol is an unincorporated community in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad west-northwest of Martinez, at an elevation of 7 feet (2 m). The ZIP Code is 94553. The community is inside area code 925.", "title": "Ozol, California" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coordinates: 47 ° 00 ′ 01 ''N 109 ° 45 ′ 04'' W / 47.00028 ° N 109.75111 ° W / 47.00028; - 109.75111 (State of Montana) Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947.", "title": "Area code 406" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas, which remain in area code 505. The new code became effective on October 7, 2007, splitting from area code 505.", "title": "Area code 575" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area code 207 is the North American telephone area code for the state of Maine, excluding Estcourt Station which uses Quebec province's overlay of 418 and 581.", "title": "Area code 207" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.", "title": "ISO 3166" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American area code 956 is a state of Texas telephone area code for numbers in the Brownsville, McAllen, Laredo and South Padre Island areas. It was created May 25, 1997, in a split from area code 210.", "title": "Area code 956" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McAfee is an unincorporated community located within Vernon Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07428.", "title": "McAfee, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thorofare is an unincorporated community located within West Deptford Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08086.", "title": "Thorofare, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sheridan is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States. It is located at the western edge of the county, along State Route 65. Sheridan is northwest of Lincoln. Its ZIP code is 95681 and area code 530. The elevation is . The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Sheridan, California" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smithtown is an unincorporated community in northern Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States. Located in the North Fall Creek Township, it was chartered in 1925 and named for three Smith Brothers who operated a small furniture factory and cabinet shop there. The community is in the East Bend ZIP code area. Until 1909 a post office known as Poindexter – named after early settlers C.W. Poindexter, a postmaster, and S.A. Poindexter – served the area.", "title": "Smithtown, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seabrook is an unincorporated community located within Upper Deerfield Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP code 08302. The unincorporated community and the census-designated Place Seabrook Farms within it are each named after Charles F. Seabrook, a businessman who at one point ran the largest irrigated truck farm in the world in this region.", "title": "Seabrook, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area codes 208 and 986 are the North American telephone area codes for all of Idaho. 208 is the main area code, and is one of the 86 original area codes created in 1947. It was Idaho's sole area code until 2017, when 986 was added as an overlay for the entire state.", "title": "Area codes 208 and 986" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 808 telephone area code covers the inhabited, developed and uninhabited areas of the Hawaiian Islands out to Midway Island and Wake Island. 808 was issued as Hawaii's area code in 1957, not long before its statehood in August of 1959.", "title": "Area code 808" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilsondale is an unincorporated community located in southern Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. Wilsondale has a post office with ZIP code 25699; as of the 2000 Census, the population of this ZIP Code Tabulation Area was 74. It is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.", "title": "Wilsondale, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn is an unincorporated community in Glenn County, California. It lies at an elevation of 98 feet (30 m). The town is located on the Sacramento River, at the intersection of State Route 45 and State Route 162. It is about ten miles (16 km) east of Interstate 5 and Willows on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle, \"Glenn, California\". The U.S. Geological Survey, National Geographic Names Database, calls its existence official with a feature ID of 1658621 and lists the NAD27 coordinates of the community as . The ZIP Code, shared with Ordbend and Bayliss, is 95943. The community is inside area code 530. This area is flagged as rural by the U.S. Census Bureau.", "title": "Glenn, California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American telephone area code 304 was established October 1947 as one of the original area codes, and serves all of the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was overlaid with area code 681, effective March 28, 2009.", "title": "Area codes 304 and 681" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christie is an unincorporated community in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad west-southwest of Martinez, at an elevation of 292 feet (89 m). It is located in the hills between Hercules and Martinez, accessible via State Route 4. The ZIP Code is 94553. The community is inside area code 925.", "title": "Christie, California" } ]	What is the area code for the state where Halona Blowhole is located?	808	[]	Title: Area code 575 Passage: Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas, which remain in area code 505. The new code became effective on October 7, 2007, splitting from area code 505. Title: Hālona Blowhole Passage: Hālona Blowhole is a rock formation and a blowhole on the island of Oahu, Hawaii off of Hanauma Bay at Hālona Point overlooking the Pacific Ocean. In Hawaiian "hālona" means "lookout". Title: McAfee, New Jersey Passage: McAfee is an unincorporated community located within Vernon Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07428. Title: Christie, California Passage: Christie is an unincorporated community in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad west-southwest of Martinez, at an elevation of 292 feet (89 m). It is located in the hills between Hercules and Martinez, accessible via State Route 4. The ZIP Code is 94553. The community is inside area code 925. Title: Area code 956 Passage: North American area code 956 is a state of Texas telephone area code for numbers in the Brownsville, McAllen, Laredo and South Padre Island areas. It was created May 25, 1997, in a split from area code 210. Title: Area codes 304 and 681 Passage: North American telephone area code 304 was established October 1947 as one of the original area codes, and serves all of the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was overlaid with area code 681, effective March 28, 2009. Title: Seabrook, New Jersey Passage: Seabrook is an unincorporated community located within Upper Deerfield Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP code 08302. The unincorporated community and the census-designated Place Seabrook Farms within it are each named after Charles F. Seabrook, a businessman who at one point ran the largest irrigated truck farm in the world in this region. Title: Smithtown, North Carolina Passage: Smithtown is an unincorporated community in northern Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States. Located in the North Fall Creek Township, it was chartered in 1925 and named for three Smith Brothers who operated a small furniture factory and cabinet shop there. The community is in the East Bend ZIP code area. Until 1909 a post office known as Poindexter – named after early settlers C.W. Poindexter, a postmaster, and S.A. Poindexter – served the area. Title: Area code 432 Passage: North American area code 432 is a state of Texas telephone area code in the Permian Basin area of the state including the cities of Midland and Odessa. It was created, along with area code 325, on April 5, 2003 in a split from area code 915. Title: Area codes 208 and 986 Passage: Area codes 208 and 986 are the North American telephone area codes for all of Idaho. 208 is the main area code, and is one of the 86 original area codes created in 1947. It was Idaho's sole area code until 2017, when 986 was added as an overlay for the entire state. Title: Ozol, California Passage: Ozol is an unincorporated community in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad west-northwest of Martinez, at an elevation of 7 feet (2 m). The ZIP Code is 94553. The community is inside area code 925. Title: Sheridan, California Passage: Sheridan is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States. It is located at the western edge of the county, along State Route 65. Sheridan is northwest of Lincoln. Its ZIP code is 95681 and area code 530. The elevation is . The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census. Title: Area code 808 Passage: The 808 telephone area code covers the inhabited, developed and uninhabited areas of the Hawaiian Islands out to Midway Island and Wake Island. 808 was issued as Hawaii's area code in 1957, not long before its statehood in August of 1959. Title: Port Elizabeth, New Jersey Passage: Port Elizabeth is an unincorporated community located within Maurice River Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP code 08348. Title: Area code 406 Passage: Coordinates: 47 ° 00 ′ 01 ''N 109 ° 45 ′ 04'' W / 47.00028 ° N 109.75111 ° W / 47.00028; - 109.75111 (State of Montana) Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947. Title: Thorofare, New Jersey Passage: Thorofare is an unincorporated community located within West Deptford Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08086. Title: Area code 207 Passage: Area code 207 is the North American telephone area code for the state of Maine, excluding Estcourt Station which uses Quebec province's overlay of 418 and 581. Title: Wilsondale, West Virginia Passage: Wilsondale is an unincorporated community located in southern Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. Wilsondale has a post office with ZIP code 25699; as of the 2000 Census, the population of this ZIP Code Tabulation Area was 74. It is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. Title: ISO 3166 Passage: ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions. Title: Glenn, California Passage: Glenn is an unincorporated community in Glenn County, California. It lies at an elevation of 98 feet (30 m). The town is located on the Sacramento River, at the intersection of State Route 45 and State Route 162. It is about ten miles (16 km) east of Interstate 5 and Willows on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle, "Glenn, California". The U.S. Geological Survey, National Geographic Names Database, calls its existence official with a feature ID of 1658621 and lists the NAD27 coordinates of the community as . The ZIP Code, shared with Ordbend and Bayliss, is 95943. The community is inside area code 530. This area is flagged as rural by the U.S. Census Bureau.	[ "Hālona Blowhole", "Area code 808" ]
3hop1__394115_99691_28721	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has \"two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.", "title": "Bering Sea" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Outercurve Foundation is an independent 501(c)(6) non-profit corporation founded by Microsoft. Its goal is to \"enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities.\" They run several software projects, some of which are connected to the .NET Framework.", "title": "Outercurve Foundation" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flagstaff Hill is a hill on Unga Island, Alaska, United States. Its name comes from the fact that there was a flagpole on the hill. The name may also be connected to the nearby Flagstaff Mine.", "title": "Flagstaff Hill (Alaska)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marsupials represent the clade originating from the last common ancestor of extant metatherians. Like other mammals in the Metatheria, they give birth to relatively undeveloped young that often reside in a pouch located on their mothers’ abdomen for a certain amount of time. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur on the Australian continent (the mainland, Tasmania, New Guinea and nearby islands). The remaining 100 are found in the Americas — primarily in South America, but thirteen in Central America, and one in North America, north of Mexico.", "title": "Marsupial" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gravina Island Bridge, commonly referred to as the \"Bridge to Nowhere\", was a proposed bridge to replace the ferry that currently connects the town of Ketchikan, Alaska, United States, with Gravina Island, an island that contains the Ketchikan International Airport as well as 50 residents. The bridge was projected to cost $398 million. Members of the Alaskan congressional delegation, particularly Representative Don Young and Senator Ted Stevens, were the bridge's biggest advocates in Congress, and helped push for federal funding. The project encountered fierce opposition outside Alaska as a symbol of pork barrel spending and is labeled as one of the more prominent \"bridges to nowhere\". As a result, Congress removed the federal earmark for the bridge in 2005.", "title": "Gravina Island Bridge" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam).", "title": "Hanoi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flight Alaska (d/b/a Yute Air) was an American airline based in Bethel, Alaska, USA. It operated scheduled services to over 22 villages in Alaska and also provided charter services throughout Alaska. Its main base was Bethel Airport. The air carrier announced abruptly that it was ceasing operations on March 5, 2017, effective immediately, with Ravn Alaska purchasing the tangible owned assets of Yute Air and replacing Yute Air on its former routes.", "title": "Flight Alaska" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Maryland Residence is a private home in Bethesda, Maryland, United States, designed by César Pelli. Completed in 1989, it is one of the few houses by an architect known mainly for his large commercial projects. It takes the form of five small pavilions centrally connected. Pelli has described it as a complex.", "title": "Maryland Residence" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over 2,000,000 square kilometers (770,000 sq mi) and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.", "title": "Bering Sea" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Winter Garden Atrium, along with the rest of the Brookfield Place (formerly World Financial Center), was designed by architect César Pelli in 1985. Completed in 1988 at a cost of $60 million, the Atrium was originally connected to the World Trade Center via a pedestrian bridge that spanned West Street.", "title": "Winter Garden Atrium" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The son of a French father and a Vietnamese mother, Cesar Boutteville was born in Thin-Hao (or Thịnh Hào), nowadays part of Hanoi's urban district Dong Da. He moved with his family to France in 1929.", "title": "César Boutteville" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Summit, as the lowest point in the mountains separating the two locations, was a natural site for the road, which was completed by 1901. To supply even faster communications, the U.S. military began the construction of Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System, of which Eagle would be the northernmost point. Telegraph lines were strung over American Summit in 1902, and an undersea cable connected Valdez to Seattle in 1904. After 1909, when a radio link was established, the telegraph line was abandoned. The road remained and was improved so that by the 1920s, the first automobiles climbed American Summit. In World War II, construction of the Alaska Highway also spurred work on that highway's side roads, and a project to improve the trail was begun in 1945. By 1953, the result was the Taylor Highway, a seasonal route that still connects Eagle to the outside world over American Summit.", "title": "American Summit" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chase is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 34 at the 2010 census, down from 41 in 2000.", "title": "Chase, Alaska" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California. Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d). Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate.", "title": "Alaska" } ]	In what year was a project to connect the continent on which Cesar Boutteville was born and rural Alaska announced?	2011	[]	Title: Flagstaff Hill (Alaska) Passage: Flagstaff Hill is a hill on Unga Island, Alaska, United States. Its name comes from the fact that there was a flagpole on the hill. The name may also be connected to the nearby Flagstaff Mine. Title: Maryland Residence Passage: The Maryland Residence is a private home in Bethesda, Maryland, United States, designed by César Pelli. Completed in 1989, it is one of the few houses by an architect known mainly for his large commercial projects. It takes the form of five small pavilions centrally connected. Pelli has described it as a complex. Title: Flight Alaska Passage: Flight Alaska (d/b/a Yute Air) was an American airline based in Bethel, Alaska, USA. It operated scheduled services to over 22 villages in Alaska and also provided charter services throughout Alaska. Its main base was Bethel Airport. The air carrier announced abruptly that it was ceasing operations on March 5, 2017, effective immediately, with Ravn Alaska purchasing the tangible owned assets of Yute Air and replacing Yute Air on its former routes. Title: Bering Sea Passage: The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over 2,000,000 square kilometers (770,000 sq mi) and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean. Title: Bering Sea Passage: The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean. Title: Gravina Island Bridge Passage: The Gravina Island Bridge, commonly referred to as the "Bridge to Nowhere", was a proposed bridge to replace the ferry that currently connects the town of Ketchikan, Alaska, United States, with Gravina Island, an island that contains the Ketchikan International Airport as well as 50 residents. The bridge was projected to cost $398 million. Members of the Alaskan congressional delegation, particularly Representative Don Young and Senator Ted Stevens, were the bridge's biggest advocates in Congress, and helped push for federal funding. The project encountered fierce opposition outside Alaska as a symbol of pork barrel spending and is labeled as one of the more prominent "bridges to nowhere". As a result, Congress removed the federal earmark for the bridge in 2005. Title: Hanoi Passage: Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam). Title: Winter Garden Atrium Passage: The Winter Garden Atrium, along with the rest of the Brookfield Place (formerly World Financial Center), was designed by architect César Pelli in 1985. Completed in 1988 at a cost of $60 million, the Atrium was originally connected to the World Trade Center via a pedestrian bridge that spanned West Street. Title: Alaska Passage: Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed] Title: Somalis Passage: Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman. Title: Chase, Alaska Passage: Chase is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 34 at the 2010 census, down from 41 in 2000. Title: Outercurve Foundation Passage: The Outercurve Foundation is an independent 501(c)(6) non-profit corporation founded by Microsoft. Its goal is to "enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities." They run several software projects, some of which are connected to the .NET Framework. Title: Alaska Passage: With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building. Title: Alaska Passage: Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California. Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d). Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate. Title: American Summit Passage: American Summit, as the lowest point in the mountains separating the two locations, was a natural site for the road, which was completed by 1901. To supply even faster communications, the U.S. military began the construction of Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System, of which Eagle would be the northernmost point. Telegraph lines were strung over American Summit in 1902, and an undersea cable connected Valdez to Seattle in 1904. After 1909, when a radio link was established, the telegraph line was abandoned. The road remained and was improved so that by the 1920s, the first automobiles climbed American Summit. In World War II, construction of the Alaska Highway also spurred work on that highway's side roads, and a project to improve the trail was begun in 1945. By 1953, the result was the Taylor Highway, a seasonal route that still connects Eagle to the outside world over American Summit. Title: César Boutteville Passage: The son of a French father and a Vietnamese mother, Cesar Boutteville was born in Thin-Hao (or Thịnh Hào), nowadays part of Hanoi's urban district Dong Da. He moved with his family to France in 1929. Title: Marsupial Passage: Marsupials represent the clade originating from the last common ancestor of extant metatherians. Like other mammals in the Metatheria, they give birth to relatively undeveloped young that often reside in a pouch located on their mothers’ abdomen for a certain amount of time. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur on the Australian continent (the mainland, Tasmania, New Guinea and nearby islands). The remaining 100 are found in the Americas — primarily in South America, but thirteen in Central America, and one in North America, north of Mexico. Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. Title: Alaska Passage: Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government.	[ "Alaska", "Hanoi", "César Boutteville" ]

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