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Where in Plymouth is the operator of Oakley class lifeboat based?	Millbay Docks	[ "Millbay" ]	Title: South Broads Lifeboat Station Passage: South Broads Lifeboat Station was an RNLI operated lifeboat station located on Oulton Broad in the town of Lowestoft in the English county of Suffolk. The station operated between 2001 and 2011. The station covered the southern area of The Broads network, an area of over of inland waterways including the River Waveney.The station performed 194 rescues. Title: Plymouth Prowler Passage: The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by DaimlerChrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name. Title: Plymouth Gin Passage: Plymouth Gin used to be Protected Geographical Indication that pertains to any gin distilled in Plymouth, England, but this stopped being true in February 2015. Today, there is only one brand, "Plymouth", which is produced by the Black Friars Distillery. The Black Friars Distillery is the only remaining gin distillery in Plymouth, in what was once a Dominican Order monastery built in 1431, and opens onto what is now Southside Street. It has been in operation since 1793. Title: Thames-class lifeboat Passage: The Thames-class lifeboat was operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) from its stations around the coasts of the United Kingdom between 1974 and 1997. Six were ordered but only two completed; they have both been sold on to other users. Title: Plymouth North High School Passage: Plymouth North High School, known informally as Plymouth North or PNHS, is a public high school located in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Its students are residents of the town of Plymouth. The school is one of two high schools in Plymouth, the other being Plymouth South High School. Plymouth North is located south of Plymouth Center, and is located adjacent to the Plymouth County Courthouse, the Plymouth County Registry of Deeds, and Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital. The school colors are Navy Blue, White & Silver and the school mascot is an Eagle. Title: Plymouth Passage: Her Majesty's Courts Service provide a Magistrates' Court and a Combined Crown and County Court in the city. The Plymouth Borough Police, formed in 1836, eventually became part of Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. There are police stations at Charles Cross and Crownhill (the Divisional HQ) and smaller stations at Plympton and Plymstock. The city has one of the Devon and Cornwall Area Crown Prosecution Service Divisional offices. Plymouth has five fire stations located in Camel's Head, Crownhill, Greenbank, Plympton and Plymstock which is part of Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution have an Atlantic 85 class lifeboat and Severn class lifeboat stationed at Millbay Docks. Title: Annie Oakley (TV series) Passage: Annie Oakley is an American Western television series that fictionalized the life of the famous sharpshooter Annie Oakley. Featuring actress Gail Davis in the title role, the weekly program ran from January 1954 to February 1957 in syndication. A total of 81 black - and - white episodes were produced, with each installment running 25 minutes in length. ABC aired daytime reruns of the series on Saturdays and Sundays from 1959 to 1960 and then again from 1964 to 1965. Title: Plymouth Passage: Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League – the top tier of British basketball. They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983. Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843, the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League. Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League. Plymouth was home to an American football club, the Plymouth Admirals until 2010. Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season. Title: Plymouth Passage: The city's main theatres are the Theatre Royal (1,315 capacity), its Drum Theatre (200 capacity), and its production and creative learning centre, The TR2. The Plymouth Pavilions has multiple uses for the city staging music concerts, basketball matches and stand-up comedy. There are also three cinemas: Reel Cinema at Derrys Cross, Plymouth Arts Centre at Looe Street and a Vue cinema at the Barbican Leisure Park. The Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery is operated by Plymouth City Council allowing free admission – it has six galleries. The Plymouth Athenaeum, which includes a local interest library, is a society dedicated to the promotion of learning in the fields of science, technology, literature and art. From 1961 to 2009 it also housed a theatre. Title: Don Oakley Passage: Don Oakley (born 1927) is an American author. He has also been an editorial writer for Scripps Howard News Service and for Newspaper Enterprise Association. Title: Plymouth Passage: Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall. Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular. Title: Oakley-class lifeboat Passage: The Oakley-class lifeboat refers to two types of self-righting lifeboat operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution around the coast of the United Kingdom and Ireland between 1958 and 1993. The 37-foot Oakley was designed for carriage launching, while the larger 48-foot 6-inch version was designed for slipway launching or to lie afloat. During their service they saved a combined total of 1,456 lives in 3,734 rescue launches.	[ "Plymouth", "Oakley-class lifeboat" ]
What network first aired the soap opera featuring the character Timo Mendes?	Das Erste	[ "ARD" ]	Title: Verbotene Liebe Passage: Verbotene Liebe (, lit. "Forbidden Love") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, "Verbotene Liebe" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning. Title: NFL Classics Passage: The NFL is the last United States-based major professional sports league to make such broadcasts available on TV. Previously, NFL Network and ESPN Classic had aired "NFL's Greatest Games", 90-minute edited versions using footage from NFL Films. The other major leagues – MLB, NBA, NHL, and NASCAR – have all had games (or races, in NASCAR's case) air on ESPN Classic. However, at this time, full-length MLB games are shown on Classic only occasionally, while NHL games are presently aired on NHL Network. Title: CFL on CTV Passage: CFL on CTV was a presentation of Canadian Football League football aired on the CTV Television Network from 1962 to 1986. CTV dropped coverage of the CFL after the 1986 season. CTV's coverage was replaced by TSN and the newly created Canadian Football Network. Title: Baseball's Seasons Passage: Baseball's Seasons is a documentary series on MLB Network. Each episode takes a look at a season in the history of Major League Baseball. It first aired January 7, 2009 in the first week of the network's existence. Like a lot of the network's other original programming, "Baseball's Seasons" airs during baseball's offseason. Title: Dinner: Impossible Passage: Dinner: Impossible is an American television program broadcast by the Food Network and initially hosted by Robert Irvine. The first episode aired on January 24, 2007 and the last episode aired in 2010. Food Network began airing the eighth season on March 3, 2010. Title: The Saturday Starship Passage: The Saturday Starship is a British Saturday morning children's series that was produced by Central Television and aired on the ITV network. There was one series of 21 editions between 1 September 1984 and 26 January 1985 hosted by Tommy Boyd and Bonnie Langford. It was a follow-up to "The Saturday Show" and "TISWAS". Chris Baines presented one of the very first environmental strands on children's TV in the UK, and this led to "The Ark" series in 1988. Title: Stormworld Passage: Stormworld is an Australian-Canadian television drama series aired on the Nine Network in 2009 in Australia and first aired on Space March 2009 in Canada with a repeat broadcast in August 2009. Title: Chicagoland Mystery Players Passage: Chicagoland Mystery Players was a live television series first shown on local station WGN-TV in Chicago starting in 1949, then picked up by the DuMont Television Network and first aired on the network September 11, 1949. The 30-minute show aired on Sundays at 8pm ET. Title: Herb Alpert Presents Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 Passage: Herb Alpert Presents Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 is the first album by Sérgio Mendes and Brasil '66. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2011. Concerning the song "Mas Que Nada" Mendes said in 2014: "It was the first time that a song in Portuguese was a hit in America and all over the world". Title: Timo Mendes Passage: Timo Mendes is a fictional character from the German soap opera "Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)". Remo Schulze debuted in the role on 23 June 2011. Timo is the son of Julia von Anstetten and her first husband Tim Sander. Title: Tuomo Suomalainen Passage: Tuomo Oskari Suomalainen (born November 29, 1931 in Hogland, Finland died November 1, 1988) was a Finnish architect. He worked very closely with his brother Timo Suomalainen who also was an architect. Most of the works they designed jointly. Title: Faraway Hill Passage: Faraway Hill was the first soap opera broadcast on an American television network, airing on the DuMont Television Network on Wednesday nights at 9:00 PM between October 2 and December 18, 1946.	[ "Verbotene Liebe", "Timo Mendes" ]
When did humans begin living in the city George Treat is from?	3000 BC	[]	Title: Dawn of the Dead (1978 film) Passage: Dawn of the Dead (also known internationally as Zombi or Zombie) is a 1978 American independent zombie horror film directed by George A. Romero. It was written by Romero in collaboration with the Italian filmmaker Dario Argento and produced by Richard P. Rubinstein. It was the second film made in Romero's Night of the Living Dead series and shows in a larger scale the apocalyptic effects on society, though it contains no characters or settings from the film Night of the Living Dead. In the film, a phenomenon of unidentified origin has caused the reanimation of the dead, who prey on human flesh. David Emge, Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Gaylen Ross star as survivors of the outbreak who barricade themselves inside a suburban shopping mall amid mass hysteria. Title: Mexico City Passage: During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza ("The City of Hope"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México). Title: Menarche Passage: Menarche (/ mɪˈnɑːrkiː / mi - NAR - kee; Greek: μήν mēn ``month ''+ ἀρχή arkhē`` beginning'') is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans. From both social and medical perspectives, it is often considered the central event of female puberty, as it signals the possibility of fertility. Title: Arnold Ziffel Passage: Arnold Ziffel is a pig featured in Green Acres, an American situation comedy that originally aired on CBS from 1965 to 1971 and was produced by Filmways, Inc... The show is premised on rural American humor and features Oliver Douglas and his wife Lisa as city - dwellers who move to the unfamiliar environment of Hooterville, a fictional farming community. Arnold is a pig of the Chester White breed, but he is treated as the ``son ''of Fred and Doris Ziffel, who do n't have any human children. Everyone in Hooterville (besides Oliver Douglas) accepts this without question. Arnold's first appearance was in the second season Petticoat Junction episode`` A Matter of Communication''. Title: Names of the days of the week Passage: The names of the days of the week in many languages are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astrology, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced in the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, either beginning with Sunday or with Monday. In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week. Title: Trick-or-treating Passage: Trick - or - treating is a Halloween ritual custom for children and adults in many countries. Children in costumes travel from house - to - house, asking for treats with the phrase ``Trick or treat ''. The`` treat'' is usually some form of candy, although, in some cultures, money is used instead. The ``trick ''is a threat, usually idle, to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given. Trick - or - treating usually occurs on the evening of October 31. Some homeowners signal that they are willing to hand out treats by putting up Halloween decorations outside their doors; others simply leave treats available on their porches for the children to take freely. Title: History of San Francisco Passage: The earliest evidence of human habitation in what is now the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Native Americans who settled in this region found the bay to be a resource for hunting and gathering, leading to the establishment of many small villages. Collectively, these early Native Americans are now known as the Ohlone, and the language they spoke belonged to the Miwok family. Their trade patterns included places as far away as Baja California, the Mojave Desert and Yosemite. Title: George Wickham Passage: George Wickham is a fictional character created by Jane Austen who appears in her novel Pride and Prejudice, published in 1813. George Wickham is introduced as a militia officer who has a shared history with Mr. Darcy. Wickham's charming demeanour and his story of being badly treated by Darcy attracts the sympathy of the heroine, Elizabeth Bennet, to the point that she is warned by her aunt not to fall in love and marry him. It is revealed through the course of the story that George Wickham's true nature is that of a manipulative unprincipled layabout, a ne'er - do - well wastrel, compulsive liar (talking out of both sides of mouth, and using the truth to make his falsehoods very believable) and a degenerate, compulsive gambler, a seducer and a libertine, living the lifestyle of a rake. Lacking the finances to pay for his lifestyle, he gambles regularly (not just because he is a degenerate compulsive gambler and has no sense of economy) and cons credit from tradesman and shopkeepers and skips out on paying - up. Title: Stomach Passage: In classical anatomy, the human stomach is divided into four sections, beginning at the gastric cardia, each of which has different cells and functions. Title: George Treat Passage: George Treat (1819–1907) was an early Gold Rush-era pioneer in the Mission District, of San Francisco, a businessman, abolitionist, a member of the first Committee of Vigilance of San Francisco, and horse racing enthusiast. He was influential to the early physical development of the Mission District and its eventual shift to urbanization. Treat was responsible for the construction and management of the Pioneer Race Course, a horse racing track built in San Francisco in 1851 and in helping with the creation of the San Francisco-San Jose Railway when he sold the land. Title: MP3 Passage: However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from the actual MP3 frame data. MP3 decoders either extract information from the tags, or just treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data. Title: Africa (journal) Passage: Africa is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International African Institute. The journal takes an interdisciplinary approach considering the humanities, social sciences, and environmental studies in Africa. Every year there is a special issue treating a specific theme.	[ "History of San Francisco", "George Treat" ]
The person who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658 began burying national figures in the abbey starting with who?	Admiral Robert Blake	[]	Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908. Title: Notley Abbey Passage: Notley Abbey was an Augustinian abbey founded in the 12th century near Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, England. A team from Oxford excavated Notley Abbey in 1937, establishing a layout and timeline of the building's construction. The building has been visited by notable figures such as Henry V, and was owned by the celebrities Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Today, the remnants of the abbey are owned by the company Bijou Wedding Venues and are used to host weddings. Title: Agnès Arnauld Passage: She was born Jeanne-Catherine-Agnès Arnauld, a member of the Arnauld family, sister of Antoine Arnauld, "le Grand Arnauld" and of Mother Angélique Arnauld. She succeeded Angélique as head of the abbey in 1658, thus leading it during the most repressive anti-Jansenist period. She organised the movement against signing the Formulary of Alexander VII and for this was confronted by Hardouin de Péréfixe, the Archbishop of Paris. She was also the author of the "Constitutions" of Port-Royal, a text which reformed the material and spiritual rule of the abbey in a spirit of Cistercian renewal. Title: Cuissy Abbey Passage: Cuissy Abbey was a Premonstratensian abbey in France in the diocese of Soissons, and was among the earliest foundations of the Premonstratensian Order. Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period. Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed] Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey. Title: Abbey Is Blue Passage: Abbey Is Blue is the fourth album by American jazz vocalist Abbey Lincoln featuring tracks recorded in 1959 for the Riverside label. Title: Amelungsborn Abbey Passage: Amelungsborn Abbey, also Amelunxborn Abbey ("Kloster Amelungsborn") is a Lutheran monastery in Germany. It is located near Negenborn and Stadtoldendorf, in the "Landkreis" of Holzminden in the Weserbergland. It was the second oldest Cistercian foundation in Lower Saxony, Germany, after Walkenried Abbey. It survived the Reformation by becoming Lutheran, and with Loccum Abbey, also previously Cistercian, is one of the only two Lutheran monasteries in Germany with an uninterrupted tradition. Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn. Title: London Passage: Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William constructed the Tower of London, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city, to intimidate the native inhabitants. In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster.	[ "Westminster Abbey" ]
When did the state where Kraus House can be found become an open carry state?	October 11, 2014	[]	Title: Gun laws in Missouri Passage: Subject / Law Long Guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes Permit to purchase required? No No Firearm registration? No No Owner license required? No No Carry permits required? No No Missouri is a ``shall issue ''state for concealed carry. Permitless carry took effect on January 1, 2017. Open carry permitted? Yes Yes Open carry is permitted. As of October 11, 2014, a valid CCW overrides local laws against Open Carry, state wide. State preemption of local restrictions? Yes Yes Local governments are allowed to regulate open carry and the discharge of firearms (except in self defense); however, ccw permit holders are exempt from ordinances banning open carry. Assault weapon law? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction? No No NFA weapons restricted? No No Peaceable journey law? Yes Yes Background checks required for private sales? No No Title: Open-fields doctrine Passage: The open fields doctrine was first articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Hester v. United States, which stated that ``the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their 'persons, houses, papers, and effects,' is not extended to the open fields. ''This opinion appears to be decided on the basis that`` open fields are not a ``constitutionally protected area'' because they can not be construed as`` persons, houses, papers, (or) effects. '' Title: Studio 54 Passage: Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building, originally built as the Gallo Opera House, opened in 1927, after which it changed names several times, eventually becoming CBS radio and television Studio 52. Title: Alex Haley House and Museum Passage: Alex Haley House and Museum State Historic Site is one of the Tennessee Historical Commission's state-owned historic sites and is located in Henning, Tennessee, United States. It is open to the public and partially funded by an agreement with the Tennessee Historical Commission. It was originally known as W. E. Palmer House and was the boyhood home of author Alex Haley. He was buried on the grounds. The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 2010, the site debuted the state-funded Alex Haley Museum and Interpretive Center which features a museum and interpretive center (designed by architect Louis Pounders) with exhibitions covering Haley's life. Title: Catoctin Creek Bridge Passage: It currently carries Virginia Route 673, also known as Featherbed Lane. The bridge was originally located at a crossing of nearby Goose Creek, carrying the Leesburg Turnpike, later Virginia State Route 7, but was relocated in 1932 to its present location at Catoctin Creek. Title: Kraus House Passage: The Kraus House, also known as the Frank Lloyd Wright House in Ebsworth Park, is a house in Kirkwood, Missouri designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The house was designed and constructed for Russell and Ruth Goetz Kraus, and the initial design was conceived in 1950. Construction continued until at least 1960 and was never formally completed. The owners lived in the house for about 40 years (Ruth died in 1992). Title: Presby Memorial Iris Gardens Passage: Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens. Title: J. A. Skinner State Park Passage: Joseph Allen Skinner State Park is a state-owned, public recreation area located in the towns of Hadley and South Hadley in the Connecticut River Valley of western Massachusetts. The state park surrounds Mount Holyoke, the westernmost peak of the Mount Holyoke Range. At the summit is the historic Prospect House, an old hotel first opened in 1851. The park is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. Title: U.S. Grant Bridge Passage: The U.S. Grant Bridge is the name of the two bridges that carry and have carried traffic on U.S. Route 23 between Portsmouth, Ohio and South Portsmouth, Kentucky (just west of the city of South Shore) across the Ohio River in the United States. The original suspension bridge was closed and demolished in 2001 and the replacement cable-stayed bridge opened on October 16, 2006. Title: John Herrington House and Herrington Bethel Church Passage: The John Herrington House and Herrington Bethel Church are a pair of historic buildings located near Mechanicstown in Carroll County, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1840s, they bear the name of a prominent local Methodist minister, and they have together been named a historic site. Title: Article Five of the United States Constitution Passage: Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two - thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two - thirds of the state legislatures. To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either -- as determined by Congress -- the legislatures of three - quarters of the states or state ratifying conventions in three - quarters of the states. The vote of each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union. Title: Hal W. Adams Bridge Passage: The Hal W. Adams Bridge, built in 1947, is an historic bridge that carries State Road 51 across the Suwannee River between Lafayette and Suwannee counties, Florida in the United States. Located 3 miles north of Mayo, it was the first suspension bridge built in Florida, and the only one to carry highway traffic. At its opening on July 4, 1947, it was named for Hal W. Adams of Mayo, former county judge of Lafayette County and then longtime circuit judge for the circuit encompassing Lafayette and Suwannee counties.	[ "Gun laws in Missouri", "Kraus House" ]
What cigars are named for the island capital of the country where Merchise was founded?	Havana cigars	[ "Havana" ]	Title: Jeju Province Passage: Jeju Province, officially Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, is one of the nine provinces of South Korea. The province is situated on Jeju Island (; ), formerly transliterated as Cheju or Cheju Do, the country's largest island. It was previously known as Quelpart to Europeans and during the Japanese occupation as Saishū. The island lies in the Korea Strait, southwest of South Jeolla Province, of which it was a part before it became a separate province in 1946. Its capital is Jeju City. Title: Equator Passage: Despite its name, no part of Equatorial Guinea lies on the Equator. However, its island of Annobón is 155 km (96 mi) south of the Equator, and the rest of the country lies to the north. Title: Malawi Passage: Malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. Malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of July ). Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third largest is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed ""The Warm Heart of Africa"" because of the friendliness of the people. Title: Merchise Passage: Merchise was a Computer Software group created circa 1991 at University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, in Santa Clara city, Cuba. It was founded by Ing. Medardo Rodriguez who desired to create a Computer Programming Research Team with headquarters in Las Villas U but formed by people with spontaneous and free ideas about what a computer team and software should be. The Merchise name per-se was an idea of the other co-founder Ing. Miguel Cepero and it refers to Mayan wizard deity . Title: Alajeró Passage: Alajeró is a municipality on the island of La Gomera in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. It is located on the south coast, SW of the capital San Sebastián de la Gomera. As well as being a municipality, Alajeró is also the name of the administrative town that governs that municipality. Title: TKB-506 Passage: The TKB-506 () was a small handgun designed to look like a cigar cutter, developed by Igor Stechkin, allegedly on the orders of the KGB. Title: Cigar Passage: In Seven Years' War it is believed Israel Putnam brought back a cache of Havana cigars, making cigar smoking popular in the US after the American Revolution. He also brought Cuban tobacco seeds which he planted in the Hartford area of New England. This reportedly resulted in the development of the renowned Connecticut Wrapper. Title: Cuscatlán Department Passage: Cuscatlán is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of , it is El Salvador's smallest department. It is inhabited by over 252,000 people. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of the territory that is now El Salvador. In their language it means "land of precious jewels". It was created on 22 May 1835. Suchitoto was the first capital of the department but on 12 November 1861, Cojutepeque was made the capital. It is known in producing fruits, tobacco, sugar cane, and coffee among other items. The department is famous for its chorizos from the city of Cojutepeque. Title: Lynden Pindling International Airport Passage: Lynden Pindling International Airport (IATA: NAS, ICAO: MYNN), formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957 - 2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. Title: Toscano (cigar) Passage: The Toscano cigar is the original Italian cigar manufactured in Tuscany, Italy. It is made of high-quality fermented Kentucky tobacco. Founded in the early 19th century, the Toscano cigar is rich in history, tradition and heritage. It is an established brand in Italy and is also well known in Switzerland and Austria. Title: Griffin, Queensland Passage: Griffin is a coastal suburb of Brisbane in Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia. It is north of the Brisbane CBD, the state capital. The origin of the suburb name is from the Griffin family who migrated to Australia from the Orkney Islands off the northern coast of Scotland. Title: Altona, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands Passage: Altona is a settlement on the island of Saint Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands. It is located on the south coast, to the west of the capital, Charlotte Amalie and the settlement of Frenchtown.	[ "Merchise", "Cigar" ]
How many floors are in the Trump Tower in the city where the performer of Come 2 My House was born?	98	[]	Title: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Passage: The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates or vote. Title: Water Tower Place Passage: Water Tower Place Location Chicago, Illinois, USA Opening date 1976 Owner General Growth Properties No. of stores and services 100 + No. of anchor tenants Total retail floor area 729,000 square feet (67,726.3 m) No. of floors 8 Title: Paris Las Vegas Passage: Bally broke ground for the Paris Las Vegas on April 18, 1997, and construction began in May on the 24 acres (9.7 ha) parcel. It was built at an estimated cost of $760 million. Original plans for the Eiffel Tower called for a full - scale replica, however that would have interfered with the nearby McCarran Airport and designers therefore reduced it to approximately 1: 2 scale. The hotel is 33 stories tall. A unique architectural aspect of the Paris is that the back legs of its Eiffel Tower actually come down through the ceiling into the casino floor. Title: Taka Boom Passage: Taka Boom (born Yvonne Stevens; October 8, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American female R&B and dance music singer, and is the younger sister of singer Chaka Khan and Mark Stevens of Aurra. She sang background vocals for several Parliament albums in the 1970s. Taka Boom is sometimes credited as Takka Boom and is known for her work with DJ/producer Dave Lee, especially in a range of hits under the Joey Negro name. Boom was also a later member of the Norman Whitfield group The Undisputed Truth, and led them on their 1976 disco hit "You + Me = Love". Title: Ayala Tower One Passage: Tower One & Exchange Plaza is one of the tallest and most well-known skyscrapers in the Philippines. It is located in the Makati Central Business District and has a height of 160 metres (525 feet). The building has 35 floors above ground level, and is originally planned to be the first of three towers for the Ayala Triangle. Plans for the construction of the two additional buildings did not materialize though. The area composes of 3 Buildings, Ayala Tower One, The Makati Stock Exchange (MkSE) and the former trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange, along with 2 Buildings Under Construction. Title: Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago) Passage: Trump International Hotel and Tower Trump International Hotel and Tower as viewed from street level Location of Trump Tower along the Chicago River General information Status Complete Type Hotel, condominium Architectural style Modern Location 401 N. Wabash Ave. Chicago, Illinois United States Coordinates 41 ° 53 ′ 20 ''N 87 ° 37 ′ 36'' W / 41.88889 ° N 87.62667 ° W / 41.88889; - 87.62667 Construction started March 17, 2005 Topped - out August 16, 2008 (last concrete pour) August 19, 2008 (ceremonial topping out) January 3, 2009 (Spire ceremony) Completed 2009 Opening January 30, 2009 Cost US $847 million Height Architectural 1,388 feet (423.2 m) Tip 1,388 feet (423.2 m) Roof 1,171 feet (357 m) Top floor 1,116 feet (340.2 m) Technical details Floor count 98 Floor area 2,600,000 square feet (240,000 m) Lifts / elevators 27, made by Kone Design and construction Architect Adrian Smith, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Developer The Trump Organization Structural engineer William F. Baker Main contractor Bovis Lend Lease References Title: Appleton Water Tower Passage: The Appleton Water Tower is a Victorian water tower located in Sandringham, Norfolk. It was constructed in 1877 to improve the quality of the water supply to the nearby Sandringham House and its estate. Accommodation was provided within the tower on the ground and first floors for the water tower custodian, whilst the second floor above the water tank provides a viewing platform. All floors are served by a spiral staircase adjoining the tower. Title: World Port Center Passage: World Port Centre is a 33-storey, skyscraper in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The tower was commissioned by ING Real Estate Development. The building costs amounted to approximately NLG100 million. The Port of Rotterdam Authority is the main occupant of the WPC, using floors 2 to 19. Floors 25 to 28 are rented to Eneco Energie, floors 29 to 32 are built as conference areas and are commercially leased to Regus. The grounds also cover the Argentine steak-restaurant Gaucho's. Title: Jumeirah Al Khor Passage: Jumeirah Creekside Park is a group of two towers in Dubai Healthcare City in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The towers are Jumeirah Creekside Park Residence and Jumeirah Creekside Park Hotel. Jumeirah Al Khor Residence is the taller of the two with 43 floors, standing at . The other tower has a height of , with 35 floors. Construction was expected to be completed in 2008 but is now on hold. Title: Come 2 My House Passage: Come 2 My House is the ninth studio album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan released on the NPG Records label in 1998. Title: Montevideo Passage: The Towers Square, is an area of remarkable aesthetic design, intended to be a platform for the development of business activities, art exhibitions, dance and music performances and social place. This square connects the different buildings and towers which comprise the WTC Complex and it is the main access to the complex. The square contains various works of art, notably a sculpture by renowned Uruguayan sculptor Pablo Atchugarry. World Trade Center 4, with 40 floors and 53,500 square metres (576,000 sq ft) of space is under construction as of 2010[update].[citation needed] Title: Altoria Passage: Altoria (also known as Aimia Tower, ) is a 35-storey mixed-use skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The first ten floors will be home to office space while the remaining 25 floors will consist of 152 condos. The office component is anchored by Aimia and is known as the Aimia Tower.	[ "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)", "Come 2 My House", "Taka Boom" ]
When did the country that joined an alliance with Syria, Saudi Arabia and the country where the basis of Ever After takes place gain independence?	1946	[]	Title: King Khalid Foundation Passage: The King Khalid Foundation is a charitable organization established in Saudi Arabia in 2001 by the family of the late King Khalid, who ruled the country from 1975 until his death in 1982. Title: Wadi Faran Passage: The Faran Valley (Wadi Faran) (Arabic: وادي فاران) is a valley in central Saudi Arabia. With a population of several thousand mostly Bedouin inhabitants, Wadi Faran is one of the most densely inhabited towns in the interior of Saudi Arabia. Title: Parliament of Jordan Passage: As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989. Title: Dammam Passage: In many ways, the Dammam Area has evolved as the link between Saudi Arabia and the outside world, exporting the Kingdom's products and importing its needs and thriving on the interaction between Saudi Arabia and other countries. Title: Ever After Passage: Ever After (known in promotional material as Ever After: A Cinderella Story) is a 1998 American romantic drama film inspired by the fairy tale "Cinderella". It was directed by Andy Tennant and stars Drew Barrymore, Anjelica Huston, Dougray Scott, and Jeanne Moreau. The screenplay is written by Tennant, Susannah Grant, and Rick Parks. The original music score is composed by George Fenton. The film's closing theme song "Put Your Arms Around Me" is performed by the rock band Texas. Title: Ghamrah, Saudi Arabia Passage: Ghamrah is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia. During the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's era the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan took place here. Title: House of Saud Passage: The House of Saud has gone through three phases: the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State (1744 -- 1818), marked by the expansion of Wahhabism; the Emirate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State (1824 -- 1891), marked with continuous infighting; and the Third Saudi State (1902 -- present), which evolved into Saudi Arabia in 1932 and now wields considerable influence in the Middle East. The family has had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, the Sharif of Mecca, the Al Rashid family of Ha'il and their vassal houses in Najd, numerous Islamist groups both inside and outside Saudi Arabia and Shia minority in Saudi Arabia. Title: Cinderella Passage: The oldest known version of the Cinderella story is the ancient Greek story of Rhodopis, a Greek courtesan living in the colony of Naucratis in Egypt, whose name means ``Rosy - Cheeks ''. The story is first recorded by the Greek geographer Strabo in his Geographica (book 17, 33), probably written around 7 BC or thereabouts: Title: Gamal Abdel Nasser Passage: In January 1957, the US adopted the Eisenhower Doctrine and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East. Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region, his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region. Eisenhower tried to isolate Nasser and reduce his regional influence by attempting to transform King Saud into a counterweight. Also in January, the elected Jordanian prime minister and Nasser supporter Sulayman al-Nabulsi brought Jordan into a military pact with Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. Title: Saudi Arabia Passage: The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Title: Geography of Jordan Passage: Jordan is situated geographically in Southwest Asia, south of Syria, west of Iraq, northwest of Saudi Arabia and east of Palestine and the West Bank; politically, the area has also been referred to in the West as the Middle or Near East. The territory of Jordan now covers about 91,880 square kilometres (35,480 sq mi). Title: Mona Al Munajjed Passage: Mona Al Munajjed gained a MA in sociology from New York University and a PhD in sociology from George Washington University. as first social affairs officer at the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Her project "Activating the Role of Women's Welfare Associations in Saudi Arabia", funded by Abdul Latif Jameel Company Ltd, pioneered the funding of UN projects in Saudi Arabia by the private sector. In 2005 she received the UN 21 award for the project.	[ "Cinderella", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Ever After", "Parliament of Jordan" ]
In which country is the seat of the county where Jackson Township is located?	U.S.	[ "USA", "U.S", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Rockville Correctional Facility Passage: Rockville Correctional Facility is a state prison located in Adams Township, Parke County, one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Rockville, Indiana. A part of the Indiana Department of Corrections, it is the largest state prison for women in Indiana with approximately 1,200 women. Although it is classified as a medium-security prison, it has inmates of all security levels. Title: Jackson Township, Parke County, Indiana Passage: Jackson Township is one of thirteen townships in Parke County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 737 and it contained 475 housing units. Title: Braddon, Australian Capital Territory Passage: Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD. Title: Rockville, Indiana Passage: Rockville is a town in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,607 at the 2010 census. The town is the county seat of Parke County. It is known as "The Covered Bridge Capital of the World". Title: Jackson Township, Brown County, Ohio Passage: Jackson Township is one of the sixteen townships of Brown County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,581 people in the township. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Kingston Powerhouse Passage: The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory. Title: History of Mississippi Passage: In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson. Title: Carbondale Township, Jackson County, Illinois Passage: Carbondale Township is one of sixteen townships in Jackson County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 29,544 and it contained 14,341 housing units. Southern Illinois University is located in this township. Title: Negaunee Township, Michigan Passage: Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous. Title: Crain, Illinois Passage: Crain is an unincorporated community in Kinkaid Township, Jackson County, Illinois, United States. Crain is located on Illinois Route 3, west of Murphysboro.	[ "Rockville, Indiana", "Rockville Correctional Facility", "Jackson Township, Parke County, Indiana" ]
Saving Private Ryan's Captain Miller's actor played a character in The Terminal stuck in a city with a state thruway built when?	in the 1950s	[ "1950s" ]	Title: Henry Danger Passage: Jace Norman as Henry Hart / Kid Danger Cooper Barnes as Ray Manchester / Captain Man Riele Downs as Charlotte Sean Ryan Fox as Jasper Dunlop Ella Anderson as Piper Hart Title: Olympic-class ferry Passage: The Olympic Class ferries are the newest vessels to the Washington State Ferries (WSF) fleet. The ferries are intended to allow the agency to retire the aging Evergreen State-class ferries currently in service. The ferry design is based on the Issaquah-class ferries which have proven to be the most reliable and versatile in the fleet. The Olympic Class ferries are designed to serve all routes and terminals in the WSF system. All vessels were built in Washington as required by state law. Title: Barney Miller Passage: BULLET::::- Captain Bernard "Barney" Miller (Hal Linden) is the sensible captain of the precinct who uses his odd and dry sense of humor to retain his sanity while dealing with the foibles of his staff and the unending stream of budget problems and paperwork that make up his job. He gets passed over for a promotion to deputy inspector several times during the series' run before reaching that rank in the series finale. Title: Internet café Passage: The online café phenomenon in the United States was started in July 1991 by Wayne Gregori in San Francisco when he began SFnet Coffeehouse Network. Gregori designed, built and installed 25 coin - operated computer terminals in coffeehouses throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. The café terminals dialed into a 32 line Bulletin Board System that offered an array of electronic services including FIDOnet mail and, in 1992, Internet mail. Title: Ryan Suter Passage: Ryan Suter (born January 21, 1985) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman and alternate captain with the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Nashville Predators. Title: Vienna International Airport Passage: Vienna International Airport has four terminal buildings named Terminal 1, 2 and 3 which are directly built against each other as well as the additional Terminal 1A located opposite Terminal 1. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 connect to the five concourses. The central arrivals hall for all terminal areas is located in Terminal 3. Title: Saving Private Ryan Passage: Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is notable for its graphic portrayal of war, and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes, which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings. It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and a squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), who is the last - surviving brother of four servicemen. Title: Track 61 (New York City) Passage: Track 61 is a private railway platform for the Metro - North Railroad in New York City, located beneath the Waldorf Astoria New York hotel and just outside Grand Central Terminal. The platform is part of the Grand Central Terminal complex. Title: North Grand Island Bridge Passage: The North Grand Island Bridge is a pair of twin two-lane truss arch bridges spanning the Niagara River between Grand Island and Niagara Falls in New York, United States. Each bridge carries one direction of Interstate 190 (I-190). Both crossings are operated by the New York State Thruway Authority as part of the Niagara Thruway. The northbound span opened in 1935; the southbound span was finished in 1965. Title: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride Passage: Jason Marsden as Kovu, Zira's son and Nuka and Vitani's younger brother. Gene Miller provided Kovu's singing voice. Andrew Collins served as the supervising animator for Kovu. Ryan O'Donohue provided the voice of young Kovu. Title: New York State Thruway Passage: A tolled highway connecting the major cities of New York was first proposed as early as the 1940s. The first section of the Thruway, between Utica and Rochester, opened on June 24, 1954. The remainder of the mainline and many of its spurs connecting to highways in other states and provinces were built in the 1950s. In 1957, much of the Thruway system was included as portions of Interstate 87 (I - 87), I - 90, and I - 95. Other segments became part of I - 190 and I - 287 shortly afterward. Today, the system comprises six highways: the New York -- Ripley mainline, the Berkshire Connector, the Garden State Parkway Connector, the New England Thruway (I - 95), the Niagara Thruway (I - 190), and the Cross-Westchester Expressway (I - 287). The portion of I - 84 in New York was part of the Thruway system from 1991 to 2010. Title: The Terminal Passage: The Terminal is a 2004 American comedy - drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Hanks and Catherine Zeta - Jones. The film is about a man who becomes stuck in New York's John F. Kennedy Airport terminal when he is denied entry into the United States and at the same time can not return to his native country because of a military coup.	[ "New York State Thruway", "Saving Private Ryan", "The Terminal" ]
Who is the Minister of Defense in the country where Betty Kaunda was born?	Davies Chama	[]	Title: Minister of Defence and Military Veterans Passage: The Minister of Defence and Military Veterans (formerly the Minister of Defence) is a Minister in the Government of South Africa, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Defence, the Department of Military Veterans and the South African National Defence Force. Title: Ministry of Defence (Zambia) Passage: Minister Party Term start Term end Alexander Grey Zulu United National Independence Party 1970 1973 Malimba Masheke United National Independence Party 1985 1988 Benjamin Mwila Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1991 Wamundila Muliokela Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2005 2006 Kalombo Mwansa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2009 Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba Patriotic Front 2011 2013 Edgar Lungu Patriotic Front 2013 Davies Chama Patriotic Front 2016 Title: Minister of Defence (Sri Lanka) Passage: Minister of Defence of Sri Lanka Incumbent Maithripala Sirisena since 12th January 2015 Ministry of Defence Inaugural holder Don Stephen Senanayake Formation 24 September 1947 Deputy Ruwan Wijewardene Website www.defence.lk Title: Trần Hanh Passage: Lieutenant General Trần Hanh (born November 29, 1932) is a pilot of the Vietnam People's Air Force and later Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, Trần Hanh was a MIG-17 pilot and officer of the 921st Regiment, he shot down a F-105D in April 1965. After the war he became the Deputy Chief of the General Staff and later Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam before retired in 2000. Title: Betty Draper Passage: During Episode 3, Betty and Don attend a country club party hosted by Roger Sterling and his new wife, Jane Siegel Sterling, where Betty meets Henry Francis, who is later revealed to be an advisor to then - New York governor Nelson A. Rockefeller. Henry is infatuated with Betty, and though she seems reluctant to return his feelings at first, as the season progresses, their affair intensifies. Betty eventually ends it, feeling guilty. Title: Rolf Arthur Hansen Passage: Rolf Arthur Hansen (23 July 1920 – 26 July 2006) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was personal secretary to Minister of Social Affairs 1956-1959, Minister of Defence 1976-1979, and Minister of Environmental Affairs 1979-1981, as well as minister of Nordic cooperation 1980-1981. Title: Vilmos Rőder Passage: Vilmos Rőder (11 January 1881 – 13 December 1969) was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence between 1936 and 1938. He fought in the First World War as Chief of Army Staff of Army Corps. He was the triggering of the army development between 1930 and 1934, but he had a conflict with Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös in connection with these plans, that's why he retired. Later the new Prime Minister Kálmán Darányi appointed him as Minister of Defence. He participated in the planning of the Program of Győr. Rőder resigned along with the other members of the cabinet in 1938. Following this he joined to the group of István Bethlen, which opposed entering World War II. Title: Betty Kaunda Passage: Betty Kaunda, born Beatrice Kaweche Banda (17 November 1928 – 18 September 2012), was the wife of Zambia's first president Kenneth Kaunda, and the First Lady of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. She was locally called Mother of Zambia. Betty was born on 17 November 1928 to Kaweche Banda and Milika Sakala Banda at Mpika. She had her early education at Mbereshi Girls, underwent training at Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation’s Women’s programme and worked as a teacher in Mufulira. Betty was married to Dr. Kenneth Kaunda in 1946, who was involved in freedom struggle at the time and later went on to become the first President of independent Zambia in 1964. Betty was the strength behind Dr. Kuanda all through their 66 years of relationship. Title: Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) Passage: The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of "defence diplomacy". As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate intensively in military matters. The UK is establishing air and naval bases in the Persian Gulf, located in the UAE and Bahrain. A presence in Oman is also being considered. Title: Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) Passage: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government. Title: Ministry of Defence (India) Passage: Senior officials in the Ministry of Defence hide Name Designation Sanjay Mitra, IAS Defence Secretary Dr. Ajay Kumar, IAS Secretary (Defence Production) Sanjeevanee Kutty, IAS Secretary (Ex-servicemen Welfare) Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy Secretary (Defence Research and Development) and chairman, DRDO Madhulika P. Sukul, IDAS Financial Adviser (Defence Services) Apurva Chandra, IAS Director General (Acquisition) and Additional Secretary Subhash Chandra, IAS Additional Secretary Jiwesh Nandan, IAS Additional Secretary (JN) Barun Mitra, IAS Additional Secretary (Defence Production) Mala Dutt, IES Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser (Acquisition) Major General V.D. Vogra Director General (Resettlement) Major General Ashok Kumar Managing Director, Ex-servicemen Contributory Health Scheme Major General H.S. Shanbhag Technical Manager (Land Systems) Rear Admiral R. Sreenivas Technical Manager (Maritime and Systems) Air Vice Marshal Vishwas Gaur, VM Technical Manager (Air) Vacant Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister Title: Pavel Grachev Passage: Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star. As Defence Minister, Grachev gained notoriety because of his military incompetence displayed during the First Chechen War and the persistent allegations of involvement in enormous corruption scandals.	[ "Betty Kaunda", "Ministry of Defence (Zambia)" ]
What type of land form is Andros from the same country as Bahamas Olympic Committee?	archipelago	[ "Archipelago", "islands" ]	Title: Bahamas at the 2008 Summer Olympics Passage: The Bahamas sent a delegation of athletes to compete in the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from 8 to 24 August 2008. Its Beijing appearance marked its fourteenth time at the Olympics since its début at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. The delegation included 25 athletes across four sports (track and field, boxing, swimming and tennis) and nineteen distinct events. Its athletes advanced to semifinals in eight events and finals in five events, medaling in two of them (a silver in men's 4x400 meters relay by Andretti Bain, Michael Mathieu, Andrae Williams, Chris Brown, Avard Moncur and Ramon Miller, and a bronze in men's triple jump by Leevan Sands). The Bahamian delegation was one of the largest sent between its début and 2008. The country's flag bearer was Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake. Title: Andros, Bahamas Passage: Andros Island is an archipelago within the Bahamas, the largest of the Bahamian Islands. Politically considered a single island, Andros in total has an area greater than all the other 700 Bahamian islands combined. The land area of Andros consists of hundreds of small islets and cays connected by mangrove estuaries and tidal swamplands, together with three major islands: North Andros, Mangrove Cay, and South Andros. The three main islands are separated by "bights", estuaries that trifurcate the island, connecting the island's east and west coasts. It is 104 miles (167 km) long by 40 miles (64 km) wide at the widest point. Title: Bahamas Olympic Committee Passage: The Bahamas Olympic Committee formerly the Bahamas Olympic Association (IOC code: BAH) is the National Olympic Committee representing the Bahamas. The committee is also the Commonwealth Games Association representing the island nation. Title: Maldives Olympic Committee Passage: Maldives Olympic Committee (IOC code: MDV) is the National Olympic Committee representing Maldives. It was also the body responsible for Maldives' representation at the Commonwealth Games. Title: ISO 3166-2:BS Passage: ISO 3166-2:BS is the entry for the Bahamas in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: Olympic Council of Asia Passage: The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) is a governing body of sports in Asia, currently with 45 member National Olympic Committees. The current president is Sheikh Fahad Al-Sabah. The oldest NOCs are from Japan and the Philippines, recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1911; whereas East Timor is the newest, joining in 2003. The headquarters of the OCA is located at Kuwait City. Title: Argentina at the Olympics Passage: Argentina was one of the 12 countries – the only from Ibero-America – who founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, being represented by the first Executive Council José Benjamin Zubiaur, who served in that role until 1907. The National Olympic Committee for Argentina was created and recognized in 1923. The country had successful performances during the period 1924-1952, claiming at least one gold medal in every edition. Title: Governor-General of the Bahamas Passage: Governor - General of the Bahamas Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Dame Marguerite Pindling since 8 July 2014 Style Her Excellency Residence Government House, The Bahamas Appointer Monarch of the Bahamas Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 31 July 1973 First holder Sir Milo Butler Website www.bahamas.gov.bs Title: Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics Passage: 310 athletes from 54 nations participated, with number of athletes in parentheses. Chile made its Olympic debut in the sport. Dominica, qualified for the Winter Olympics for the first time, and its two athletes competed in cross-country skiing. India's athlete was planned to compete as an Independent Olympic Participants, as the Indian Olympic Association was suspended by the International Olympic Committee, but the suspension had since been lifted. Title: 2014 Winter Olympics Passage: Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Title: Grand Bahama Passage: Grand Bahama is the northernmost of the islands of the Bahamas, and the closest major island to the United States, lying 86 kilometres (53 mi) off of Palm Beach, Florida. It is the fourth largest island in the Bahamas island chain of approximately 700 islands and 2,400 cays. The island is approximately 153 kilometres (95 mi) long west to east and 24 kilometres (15 mi) at its widest point north to south. Administratively, the island consists of the Freeport Bonded Area and the districts of East Grand Bahama and West Grand Bahama.	[ "Bahamas Olympic Committee", "Andros, Bahamas" ]
When did the y. pestis reach the country of citizenship of the author of Birthday Letters?	1349	[]	Title: Black Death Passage: A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis have been put forward. Twigg suggested that the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor (2001) thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics. Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague similar to Ebola. Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats in the archaeological record of the medieval waterfront in London and that the plague spread too quickly to support the thesis that the Y. pestis was spread from fleas on rats; he argues that transmission must have been person to person. However, no single alternative solution has achieved widespread acceptance. Many scholars arguing for the Y. pestis as the major agent of the pandemic suggest that its extent and symptoms can be explained by a combination of bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others point to additional septicemic (a type of "blood poisoning") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs before the rest of the body) forms of the plague, which lengthen the duration of outbreaks throughout the seasons and help account for its high mortality rate and additional recorded symptoms. In 2014, scientists with Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London, as well as of wills registered in London during the period, which supported the pneumonic hypothesis. Title: Black Death Passage: The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 "that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist." A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease. Title: St. Botolph's Review Passage: St Botolph's Review was the student-made poetry journal from Cambridge University, England in 1956, which saw the first publication of Ted Hughes' poetry, at the launch of which Hughes met Sylvia Plath. The first issue appeared on 26 February 1956. Title: Telman Ismailov Passage: Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia. Title: Myanmar Passage: The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear. Title: Birthday Letters Passage: Birthday Letters, published in 1998, is a collection of poetry by English poet and children's writer Ted Hughes. Released only months before Hughes's death, the collection won multiple prestigious literary awards. This collection of eighty-eight poems is widely considered to be Hughes's most explicit response to the suicide of his estranged wife Sylvia Plath in 1963, and to their widely discussed, politicized and "explosive" marriage. Title: Letters Patent, 1947 Passage: The Letters Patent, 1947 (more formally, the Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada) are a legal instrument introduced by King George VI, which came into effect on 1 October 1947 and continue to, along with parts of the "Constitution Act, 1867", constitute the Office of the Governor General. These letters served to expand the role and powers of the governor general in exercising the Royal Prerogative and allows the governor general to carry out an increased number of the Sovereign's duties in "exceptional circumstances". While the letters patent allow the governor general to use most of the "powers and authorities" lawfully belonging to the Canadian sovereign, this permission can be revoked, altered, or amended by the sovereign at any time and these powers and authorities thus remain with the monarch and are carried out by the governor general on his or her behalf. Title: Black Death Passage: The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. These clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347 and spread through France over the next two years, eventually reaching England in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype responsible for the pandemic that spread through the Low Countries from 1350 differed from that found in Britain and France, implying Bergen op Zoom (and possibly other parts of the southern Netherlands) was not directly infected from England or France in 1349 and suggesting a second wave of plague, different from those in Britain and France, may have been carried to the Low Countries from Norway, the Hanseatic cities or another site. Title: Third Epistle of John Passage: The Third Epistle of John, often referred to as Third John and written 3 John or III John, is the antepenultimate book of the New Testament and attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two epistles of John. The Third Epistle of John is a private letter composed to a man named Gaius, recommending to him a group of Christians led by Demetrius, which had come to preach the gospel in the area where Gaius lived. The purpose of the letter is to encourage and strengthen Gaius, and to warn him against Diotrephes, who refuses to cooperate with the author of the letter. Title: Jackie Sardou Passage: She was born Jacqueline Labbé in Paris, and married Fernand Sardou, a singer. She is the mother of singer Michel Sardou; and grandmother of Romain Sardou, an author and of Davy Sardou an actor. She died in 1998 five days before her 79th birthday. Title: Federico Degetau Passage: Federico Degetau y González (December 5, 1862 – February 20, 1914) was a Puerto Rican politician, lawyer, writer, author, and the first Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to the United States House of Representatives. Title: Albano Carrisi Passage: Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.	[ "Birthday Letters", "Black Death", "St. Botolph's Review" ]
What body of water is located near the island the country Lilienfield filed his patent in and Denmark are fighting over?	Nares Strait	[]	Title: Forward Harbour Passage: Forward Harbour was a cannery town in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the inlet of the same name, which is on the mainland side of Wellbore Channel, to the east of Hardwicke Island. Nearby on the same vicinity on the Mainland, though fronting on other bodies of water, are Jackson Bay to the immediate north, off Sunderland Channel, and Heydon Bay, British Columbia to the east on Loughborough Inlet. Title: PP-2000 Passage: The PP-2000 (Russian: ПП-2000) is a submachine gun/machine pistol made by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau. It was first publicly displayed at the Interpolytech-2004 exhibition in Moscow even though its patent was filed in 2001 and issued in 2003. Title: Roll film Passage: In 1881 a farmer in Cambria, Wisconsin, Peter Houston, invented the first roll film camera. His younger brother David, filed the patents for various components of Peter's camera. David Henderson Houston (b. June 14, 1841; d. May 6, 1906), originally from Cambria, Wisconsin, patented the first holders for flexible roll film. Houston moved to Hunter in Dakota Territory in 1880. He was issued an 1881 patent for a roll film holder which he licensed to George Eastman (it was used in Eastman's Kodak 1888 box camera). Houston sold the patent (and an 1886 revision) outright to Eastman for $5000 in 1889. Houston continued developing the camera, creating 21 patents for cameras or camera parts between 1881 and 1902. In 1912 his estate transferred the remainder of his patents to Eastman. Title: Lever action Passage: Probably the first lever - action rifles on the market were Colt's 1st and 2nd Model Ring Lever rifles, both cap and ball rifles, produced by the Patent Arms Mfg. Co. Paterson, N.J. - Colt's Patent between 1837 and 1841. The ring - lever was located in front of the trigger. This loading - lever, when pulled, would index the cylinder to the next position and cock the internal hidden hammer. Title: Continuing patent application Passage: A reissue application which attempts to get broader coverage than the originally issued patent must be filed within two years from the grant date of the said originally issued patent. Title: Operation Hurricane (Canada) Passage: In 2005, military personnel also conducted a patrol, during which they raised a Canadian flag on Hans Island – a small, barren island in the Nares Strait, between northern Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Denmark currently disputes Canada's claim to this territory. Title: Hans Island Passage: ``Google fight ''or`` Google war'' is the name given to a number of advertisements on the Internet search engine Google which promoted either Danish or Canadian sovereignty over Hans Island. Title: Lake Oesa Passage: Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada. Title: Samuel Colt Passage: Having some money saved and, still wanting to be an inventor as opposed to a ``medicine man '', Colt made arrangements to begin building guns using proper gunsmiths from Baltimore, Maryland. He abandoned the idea of a multiple barreled revolver and opted for a single fixed barrel design with a rotating cylinder. The action of the hammer would align the cylinder bores with the single barrel. He sought the counsel of a friend of his father, Henry Leavitt Ellsworth, who loaned him $300 and advised him to perfect his prototype before applying for a patent. Colt hired a gunsmith by the name of John Pearson to build his revolver. Over the next few years Colt and Pearson fought over money, but the design improved and in 1835 Colt was ready to apply for his U.S. patent. Ellsworth was now the superintendent of the U.S. Patent Office and advised Colt to file for foreign patents first as a prior U.S. patent would keep Colt from filing a patent in Great Britain. In August 1835, Colt left for England and France to secure his foreign patent. Title: Transistor Passage: The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928. However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype. Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device had been built. In 1934, German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device. Title: Baggage Passage: Luggage carriers -- light - weight wheeled carts or harnesses on which luggage could be temporarily place or that can be temporarily attached to luggage -- date at least to the 1930s, such as in US patent 2,132,316 ``Luggage carrier ''by Anne W. Newton (filed 1937, published 1938). These were refined over the following decades, as reflected in patents such as US patent 2,650,105 A`` Luggage carriage'' (filed 1949, published 1953) and US patent 2,670,969 ``Luggage carriage harness, both by Kent R. Costikyan. However, the wheels were external to the suitcases. Patents were published for wheeled luggage -- a wheeled trunk in 1887, and a wheeled suitcase in 1945 -- but these were not successfully commercialized. Title: Hjørring County Passage: Hjørring County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the northern tip of Jutland and encompassing most of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy and the island of Læsø. Hjørring County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Aalborg County forming the new North Jutland County.	[ "Operation Hurricane (Canada)", "Hans Island", "Transistor" ]
When did Simon and Garfunkel play in the place where the Macy's Day Parade starts?	September 1981	[]	Title: Carnival Passage: The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times. The main attractions of Uruguayan Carnival include two colorful parades called Desfile de Carnaval (Carnival Parade) and Desfile de Llamadas (Calls Parade, a candombe-summoning parade). Title: New York City Passage: Major tourist destinations include Times Square; Broadway theater productions; the Empire State Building; the Statue of Liberty; Ellis Island; the United Nations Headquarters; museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art; greenspaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; the Manhattan Chinatown; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village; the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade; the lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree; the St. Patrick's Day parade; seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the wintertime; the Tribeca Film Festival; and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage. Major attractions in the boroughs outside Manhattan include Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and the Unisphere in Queens; the Bronx Zoo; Coney Island, Brooklyn; and the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx. The New York Wheel, a 630-foot ferris wheel, was under construction at the northern shore of Staten Island in 2015, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline. Title: The Concert in Central Park Passage: The Concert in Central Park, released in February 1982 on Warner Bros. Records, is the first live album by American folk rock duo Simon & Garfunkel. It was recorded in September 1981 at a free benefit concert in Central Park, New York City, where the pair performed in front of more than 500,000 people. Proceeds went toward the redevelopment and maintenance of the park, which had deteriorated due to lack of municipal funding. The concert and album marked the start of a short - lived reunion for Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. The concept of a benefit concert in Central Park had been proposed by Parks Commissioner Gordon Davis and promoter Ron Delsener. Television channel HBO agreed to carry the concert, and worked with Delsener to decide on Simon and Garfunkel as the appropriate act for this event. Besides hit songs from their years as a duo, their set - list included material from their solo careers, and covers. The show consisted of 21 songs, though two were not used in the live album. Among the songs performed were the classics ``The Sound of Silence '',`` Mrs. Robinson'', and ``The Boxer ''; the event concluded with a reprise of Simon's song,`` Late in the Evening''. Ongoing personal tensions between the duo led them to decide against a permanent reunion, despite the success of the concert and a subsequent world tour. Title: Simon & Garfunkel Passage: Despite this, the duo have not staged a full - scale tour or performed shows since 2010. Garfunkel confirmed to Rolling Stone in 2014 that he believes they will tour in the future, although Simon had been too ``busy ''in recent years.`` I know that audiences all over the world like Simon and Garfunkel. I'm with them. But I do n't think Paul Simon's with them,'' he remarked. In a 2016 interview with NPR's David Greene, when asked about the possibility of reuniting, Simon stated; ``Well, I do n't think most people do (constantly want Simon to relive the olden days). The fact is, is, like, we did do two big reunions, and we're done. There's nothing really much to say. You know, the music essentially stopped in 1970. And, you know, I mean, quite honestly, we do n't get along. So it's not like it's fun. If it was fun, I'd say, OK, sometimes we'll go out and sing old songs in harmony. That's cool. But when it's not fun, you know, and you're going to be in a tense situation, well, then I have a lot of musical areas that I like to play in. So that'll never happen again. That's that. '' Title: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Passage: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Official 2014 88th Annual Parade poster Presented by Present: Savannah Guthrie (2012 -- present) Al Roker (1995 -- present) Previous: Dave Garroway (1952 -- 1961) Betty White (1962 -- 1970) Lorne Greene (1962 -- 1970) Ed McMahon (1971 -- 1981) Bryant Gumbel (1982 -- 1986) Willard Scott (1987 -- 1997) Deborah Norville (1989 -- 1990) Katie Couric (1991 -- 2005) Matt Lauer (1998 -- 2017) Meredith Vieira (2006 -- 2010) Ann Curry (2011) Starring Parade Executive Producer: Jean McFaddin (1977 -- 2000) Robin Hall (2001 -- 2010) Amy Kule (2010 -- present) Composer (s) Macy's NBC Brad Lachman Productions Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of episodes 91 (as of November 23, 2017) Production Location (s) Central Park to Macy's Herald Square, New York City, New York Camera setup Videotape; multi-camera Running time 3 hours (with commercials) Release Original network NBC Picture format 480i (SDTV), 1080i (HDTV) Original release November 24, 1924 (1924 - 11 - 24) -- November 22, 1951 (1951 - 11 - 22) (radio) November 25, 1948 (1948 - 11 - 25) -- present (television) Chronology Related shows Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Macy's Ballonfest My Macy's Holiday Parade Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree Christmas in Rockefeller Center External links Website Title: Puerto Rican Day Parade Passage: The first Puerto Rican Day Parade was held on Sunday, April 13, 1958, in Manhattan, replacing the former Hispanic Day Parade. This move, part of the mission of the Catholic Archdiocese of New York (esp., Cardinal Spellman and Ivan Illich) represented a shift away from earlier attempts at ``Yankeefication ''toward culturally specific expressions based on traditional fiestas patronales. In 1995, the parade became incorporated as the National Puerto Rican Day Parade and expanded beyond the parade venue itself. The parade now hosts over seven major events throughout the city. Title: Macy Alexander Passage: Macy first met Thorne Forrester (then played by Clayton Norcross) in a bar as she was walking out while he bumped into her. The second time they met was on the Queen Mary, where the Spectras and the Forresters were having a fashion showdown (and the role of Thorne Forrester had been recently taken over by Jeff Trachta). Her mother Sally (Darlene Conley) had been trying to arrange for Macy to end up with Ridge (Ronn Moss), but it was Ridge's brother Thorne who walked into the room and caught Macy coming out of the shower. It was a while before they ran into each other again at the Bikini Bar, each nursing their own broken heart -- Thorne for his soon - to - be-ex - wife Caroline (Joanna Johnson), and Macy for Mick Savage, a photographer who had run out on her. They spent the night together at Big Bear, but neither intended for it to be more until they cohosted a benefit together and discovered they both loved singing. After dating for some time, Thorne proposed to Macy, but there was one problem - Macy had never told Thorne that she was Sally Spectra's daughter because the Forresters would never have accepted the truth. Macy accepted Thorne's proposal, but while telling her mother, Sally revealed that Eye on Fashion had a picture of Clarke (Daniel McVicar) and Sally's wedding, which included Macy. When Thorne, who had found out from his family, confronted her, she admitted who she was and returned the ring. Macy was heartbroken to have lost Thorne, but within a few weeks, Thorne's first wife Caroline died and Thorne, with Sally's help, came back to Macy begging for another shot. Title: Live from New York City, 1967 Passage: Live from New York City, 1967 is the second live album by Simon & Garfunkel, recorded at Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City, on 22 January 1967. The album was released on the Columbia Legacy CK 61513 label on 16 July 2002. Title: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Passage: The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, the world's largest parade, is presented by the U.S. - based department store chain Macy's. The tradition started in 1924, tying it for the second - oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being four years younger than Philadelphia's Thanksgiving Day Parade). The three - hour Macy's event is held in Manhattan starting at 9: 00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952. Employees at Macy's department stores have the option of marching in the parade. Title: There's No Place I'd Rather Be Passage: ``There's No Place I'd Rather Be ''is a song sung by Singaporean artiste, Kit Chan. Along with Will you, it serves as the official theme to the National Day Parade in 2007. The single is one of the few National Day Parade themes that does n't mention Singapore's name. The song was originally written for Singapore Polytechnic's,`` Musical Superstar: The Pop Musical''. It was later sung by Project SuperStar finalist, Kelly Poon before being commissioned as an official National Day Parade theme in 2007. Title: The Sound of Silence Passage: Released in October 1964, the album was a commercial failure and led to the duo breaking apart, with Paul Simon returning to England and Art Garfunkel to his studies at Columbia University. In spring 1965, the song began to attract airplay at radio stations in Boston, Massachusetts, and throughout Florida. The growing airplay led Tom Wilson, the song's producer, to remix the track, overdubbing electric instrumentation. Simon & Garfunkel were not informed of the song's remix until after its release. The single was released in September 1965. Title: Scissors Cut Passage: Scissors Cut is the fifth solo studio album by Art Garfunkel released in August 1981 on Columbia Records. It was his second album to miss the US "Billboard" Top 40 and his second album containing no US Top 40 singles. The month following its release, Garfunkel would reunite with former partner, Paul Simon, for their famous 1981 "Concert in Central Park".	[ "The Concert in Central Park", "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" ]
The mountain range containing Mount Henry in the US state having KBLG is a part of what other mountain range?	Rocky Mountains	[ "Rockies" ]	Title: Mount Tyndall (Tasmania) Passage: Mount Tyndall is a mountain that is part of the Tyndall Range, a spur off the West Coast Range, located in the Western region of Tasmania, Australia. Title: Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier Passage: Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier is the highest peak of the Cariboo Mountains in the east-central interior of British Columbia, Canada. The mountain is part of the Premier Range, which is located just west of Valemount. Title: Mount Henry (Montana) Passage: Mount Henry () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Mount Henry is just south of Appistoki Peak in the Two Medicine region of the park. Title: Mount Louis Passage: Mount Louis is a mountain located in southeast Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is part of the Sawback Range which is a subset of the Canadian Rockies. Title: Stettin, Wisconsin Passage: Stettin is a town in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Wausau, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,554 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated community of Mount View is located partially in the town. The ghost town of Stettin was also located in the town. Title: KBLG Passage: In February 2013, KBLG signed a multi-year agreement with Grizzly Sports Properties to broadcast all University of Montana football and men’s basketball games to Billings listeners. Title: Horsepasture, Virginia Passage: Horsepasture is a census-designated place (CDP) in Henry County, Virginia, United States. The population was 2,227 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Kinsey, Alabama Passage: Kinsey is a town in Houston County, Alabama, United States. It was initially located and incorporated in Henry County in February 1893. In 1903, it was redrawn into newly created Houston County and was later reincorporated in August 1957. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2010 census the population was 2,198, up from 1,796 in 2000. Title: Ranu Kumbolo Passage: Ranu Kumbolo () is a mountainous lake located in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The lake is part of easiest route from Ranu Pani to Mount Semeru peak. Title: Mount Twynam Passage: Mount Twynam is a mountain located on the Main Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, in the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales, Australia. The mountain is located close the border between New South Wales and Victoria. Title: Lewis Range Passage: The Lewis Range is a mountain range located in the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana, United States and extreme southern Alberta, Canada. It was formed as a result of the Lewis Overthrust, a geologic thrust fault resulted in the overlying of younger Cretaceous rocks by older Proterozoic rocks. The range is located within Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta, Canada and Glacier National Park and the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in Montana, United States. The highest peak is Mount Cleveland at . Title: Henry M. Jackson Wilderness Passage: The Henry M. Jackson Wilderness is a designated wilderness area in the state of Washington, United States. The area lies adjacent to the southwest corner of the Glacier Peak Wilderness, northwest of Stevens Pass on U.S. Highway 2 and northeast of the town of Skykomish, Washington. Wild Sky Wilderness is located immediately southwest of the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness. While the wilderness straddles the Cascade Mountain Range, most of it is in the westside ecotype. The wilderness lies in parts of Snoqualmie, Mount Baker, and Wenatchee national forests.	[ "Mount Henry (Montana)", "Lewis Range", "KBLG" ]
When did Bloemendhal's country win the world cup?	1996	[]	Title: 1994 FIFA World Cup Passage: Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup. Title: 2015 Rugby World Cup Final Passage: The 2015 Rugby World Cup Final was a rugby union match to determine the winner of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, played between reigning champions New Zealand and their rivals Australia on 31 October 2015 at Twickenham Stadium in London. New Zealand beat Australia 34–17, winning the World Cup for a record third time, and becoming the first team to retain the Webb Ellis Cup. Title: History of the Germany national football team Passage: Despite winning their 10 matches in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Germany went out from the World Cup group stage, first exit in the first round since 1938, after two losses and only one win. The first match was against Mexico, the team which they beat in the FIFA Confederations Cup a year earlier, the match ended with a 1 -- 0 win for the Mexicans, the German first loss in an opening match since the 1982 World Cup. The second match was against Sweden which ended in a 2 -- 1 win, thanks to Toni Kroos's 95th - minute goal. In the last match, Germany needed a ``one - goal ''win against South Korea to reach the next round, but two late goals during second - half stoppage time from South Korea made the defending champion leave the competition with only bad memories. Title: History of the Argentina national football team Passage: Since its establishment, the Argentina national team has appeared in five FIFA World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, 1978 (when the team won its first World Cup) beating the Netherlands), the 1986 (winning its second World Cup after defeating West Germany), 1990 and 2014. Title: Brazil at the FIFA World Cup Passage: Brazil is the most successful national team in the history of the World Cup, having won five titles, earning second - place, third - place and fourth - place finishes twice each. Brazil is one of the countries besides Argentina, Spain and Germany to win a FIFA World Cup away from its continent (Sweden 1958, Mexico 1970, USA 1994 and South Korea / Japan 2002). Brazil is the only national team to have played in all FIFA World Cup editions without any absence or need for playoffs. Brazil also has the best overall performance in World Cup history in both proportional and absolute terms with a record of 73 victories in 109 matches played, 124 goal difference, 237 points and only 18 losses. Title: FIFA World Cup Trophy Passage: The trophy has the engraving ``FIFA World Cup ''on its base. After the 1994 FIFA World Cup a plate was added to the bottom side of the trophy on which the names of winning countries are engraved, names therefore not visible when the trophy is standing upright. The inscriptions state the year in figures and the name of the winning nation in its national language; for example,`` 1974 Deutschland'' or ``1994 Brasil ''. In 2010, however, the name of the winning nation was engraved as`` 2010 Spain'', in English, not in Spanish. As of 2018, twelve winners have been engraved on the base. The plate is replaced each World Cup cycle and the names of the trophy winners are rearranged into a spiral to accommodate future winners, with Spain on later occasions written in Spanish (``España ''). FIFA's regulations now state that the trophy, unlike its predecessor, can not be won outright: the winners of the tournament receive a bronze replica which is gold - plated rather than solid gold. Germany became the first nation to win the new trophy for the third time when they won the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Title: History of the Germany national football team Passage: Despite winning their 10 matches in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Germany went out from the World Cup group stage, first exit in the first round since 1938, after two losses and only one win. The first match was against Mexico, the team which they beat in the FIFA Confederations Cup a year earlier, the match ended with a 1 -- 0 win for the Mexicans, the German first loss in an opening match since the 1982 World Cup. The second match was against Sweden which ended in a 2 -- 1 win, thanks to Toni Kroos's 95th minute goal. In the last match, Germany needed a ``one - goal ''win against South Korea to reach the next round, but two late goals during second - half stoppage time from South Korea made the defending champion leave the competition with only bad memories. Title: 2010 FIFA World Cup Passage: In the final, Spain, the European champions, defeated the Netherlands (third - time losing finalists) 1 -- 0 after extra time, with Andrés Iniesta's goal in the 116th minute giving Spain their first world title. Spain became the eighth nation to win the tournament and the first European nation to win a World Cup hosted outside its home continent: all previous World Cups held outside Europe had been won by South American nations. They are also the only national team since 1978 to win a World Cup after losing a game in the group stage. As a result of their win, Spain represented the World in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. Host nation South Africa and both 2006 World Cup finalists Italy and France were all eliminated in the first round of the tournament. It was the first time that the hosts had been eliminated in the first round. New Zealand, with their three draws, were the only undefeated team in the tournament, but they were also eliminated in the first round. Title: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final Passage: The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was a women's association football match that took place on 5 July 2015 at BC Place, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to determine the winner of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. It was played between Japan and the United States, in a rematch of the 2011 final. The stakes were high for both sides: if the United States won the match, it would be the only country to have won in three Women's World Cup finals; if Japan had won instead, then it would be the first football team, men's or women's, to win twice under the same coach (Norio Sasaki for Japan) since Vittorio Pozzo led Italy to victory in the 1934 World Cup and the 1938 World Cup. Ultimately, the United States won 5–2, winning its first title in 16 years and becoming the first team to win three Women's World Cup finals. Title: Bloemendhal Passage: Bloemendhal is a suburb in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Bloemendhal is also part of an area numbered "Colombo 13". The name Bloemendhal is of Dutch origin, meaning 'Valley of Flowers'. Title: FIFA World Cup hosts Passage: The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup. Title: Sri Lanka national cricket team Passage: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka cricket crest Nickname (s) The Lions Association Sri Lanka Cricket Personnel Captain Dinesh Chandimal Coach Chandika Hathurusinghe History Test status acquired 1982 International Cricket Council ICC status Associate member (1965) Full member (1981) ICC region Asia ICC Rankings Current Best - ever Test 6th 2nd ODI 8th 2nd T20I 9th 1st Tests First Test v England at P. Sara Oval, Colombo; 17 -- 21 February 1982 Last Test v South Africa at Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo 20 -- 23 July 2018 Tests Played Won / Lost Total 274 88 / 101 (85 draws) This year 7 4 / 1 (2 draw) One Day Internationals First ODI v West Indies at Old Trafford, Manchester; 7 June 1975 Last ODI v England at R Premadasa Stadium, Colombo; 23 October 2018 ODIs Played Won / Lost Total 828 379 / 407 (5 ties, 37 no result) This year 17 6 / 10 (0 ties, 1 no result) World Cup Appearances 11 (first in 1975) Best result Champions (1996) World Cup Qualifier Appearances 1 (first in 1979) Best result Champions (1979) Twenty20 Internationals First T20I v England at the Rose Bowl, Southampton; 15 June 2006 Last T20I v England at the R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo; 27 October 2018 T20Is Played Won / Lost Total 110 55 / 53 (1 tie, 1 no result) This year 8 4 / 4 (0 ties, 0 no result) World Twenty20 Appearances 6 (first in 2007) Best result Champions (2014) Test kit ODI kit As of 27 October 2018	[ "Bloemendhal", "Sri Lanka national cricket team" ]
When did the country where Rosme is located join the USSR?	5 August 1940	[]	Title: Dobroflot Passage: After the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War the ships of the fleet became dispersed over various countries, and Soviet Russia made efforts via international courts to have them returned. Dobroflot was restored in the Soviet Union in 1922 and included into the Sovtorgflot ("Soviet Commercial Fleet") in 1925. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the Strategic Air defence Service responsible for Air Defence of the Homeland, created in 1941 and becoming an independent service in 1954, and PVO SV, Air Defence of the Ground Forces. Subsequently these became part of the air force and ground forces respectively Title: Pechora Radar Station Passage: Pechora Radar Station () is an early warning radar near Pechora in the Komi Republic, northern Russia. It is a key part of the Russian early warning system against missile attack and was built by the Soviet Union, becoming operational in 1984. It is run by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. Title: Sweden Passage: On 27 October 1981, a Whiskey-class submarine (U 137) from the Soviet Union ran aground close to the naval base at Karlskrona in the southern part of the country. Research has never clearly established whether the submarine ended up on the shoals through a navigational mistake or if an enemy committed espionage against Swedish military potential. The incident triggered a diplomatic crisis between Sweden and the Soviet Union. Following the 1986 assassination of Olof Palme and with the end of the Cold War, Sweden has adopted a more traditional foreign policy approach. Nevertheless, the country remains active in peace keeping missions and maintains a considerable foreign aid budget. Title: Kazakhstan Passage: With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic. Title: Modern history Passage: The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to "roll back". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge. Title: Poyushchiye Gitary Passage: Pojuschie Gitary ( , "The Singing Guitars") were the Soviet Union's first rock band to reach a phenomenal rate of success and popularity in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and in other countries. For that reason, they are often nicknamed "the Soviet Beatles" in a manner not that different from Hungary's Illés and Poland's Czerwone Gitary, whose name means "Red Guitars". Title: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Passage: Following the Welles Declaration of July 23, 1940, the annexation of Latvia into the Soviet Union (USSR) on 5 August 1940 was not recognized as legitimate by the United States, the European Community, and recognition of it as the nominal fifteenth constituent republic of the USSR was withheld for five decades. Its territory was subsequently conquered by Nazi Germany in June -- July 1941, before being retaken by the Soviets in 1944 -- 1945. Nevertheless, Latvia continued to exist as a de jure independent country with a number of countries continued to recognize Latvian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former governments. Title: Rosme Passage: Rosme is a village in Iecava Municipality in the historical region of Zemgale, and the Zemgale Planning Region in Latvia. Title: Nikita Khrushchev Passage: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April (O.S. 3 April) 1894 -- 11 September 1971) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier. Title: Moldova at the Olympics Passage: Previously, Moldovan athletes competed as part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Moldova was part of the Unified Team in 1992. Title: Estonia Passage: Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years.	[ "Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic", "Rosme" ]
Who is the mother of the emperor under which the empire that released Satyricon reached its greatest extent?	Marcia	[]	Title: Trajan Passage: Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. Title: Roman Empire Passage: The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. Title: This Time (Sawyer Brown song) Passage: "This Time" is a song written by Mark Miller and Mac McAnally and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in November 1994 as the first new single from the album "Greatest Hits 1990-1995". The song reached number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: Greatest Hits (Barbara Mandrell album) Passage: Greatest Hits is the fourth compilation album released by American country artist Barbara Mandrell. The album was released in March 1985 on MCA Records and was produced by Tom Collins. The album was her first compilation for MCA Records. Title: Iran Passage: In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, reestablishing the Iranian hegemony all over the Caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time. Title: Latest Greatest Straitest Hits Passage: Latest Greatest Straitest Hits is the fourth compilation album by George Strait. It was released by MCA Records. The album represents his greatest hits since the release of his 1995 box set "Strait Out of the Box". The set contains two newly recorded tracks. "The Best Day" was released as a single and hit #1 on "Billboard"'s Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Although not a single, "Murder on Music Row" also charted in the Top 40 from unsolicited airplay. Title: Born Country Passage: "Born Country" is a song written by Byron Hill and John Schweers, and recorded by American country music band Alabama. It was released in December 1991 as the second and final single on their compilation album, "Greatest Hits Vol. II". It reached No. 1 on the "Radio & Records" chart in March 1992. It also reached number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts, behind "Dallas" by Alan Jackson. Title: All the Good Ones Are Gone Passage: "All the Good Ones Are Gone" is a song written by Dean Dillon and Bob McDill, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in April 1997 as the first new single from her "Greatest Hits" album. The song reached #4 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: You're My Favorite Star Passage: "You're My Favorite Star" is a song recorded by The Bellamy Brothers and written by David Bellamy, one-half of the duo. It was released in October 1981 via Warner Bros. Records and Curb Records, reaching number seven on the Hot Country Songs charts. The single and the one before it, "They Could Put Me in Jail", were never included on a studio album, although this song was later added to the duo's third Greatest Hits album in 1989. Title: Australian Antarctic Data Centre Passage: Article III.1.c of the Antarctic Treaty states that "to the greatest extent feasible and practicable" ... "scientific observations and results from Antarctica shall be exchanged and made freely available" Title: The Intergalactic Collection Passage: The Intergalactic Collection ~ギャラコレ~ was a greatest-hits album released on March 5, 2003 by the Japanese hip-hop group, M-Flo, continuing the group's recurring sci-fi theme and containing singles from 2000's Planet Shining and 2001's Expo Expo. Title: Satyricon Passage: The surviving sections of the original (much longer) text detail the bizarre exploits of the narrator, Encolpius, and his slave and sexual partner Giton, a handsome sixteen-year-old boy. It is the second most fully preserved Roman novel, after the fully extant "Metamorphoses" of Apuleius, which has significant differences in style and plot. "Satyricon" is also regarded as useful evidence for the reconstruction of how lower classes lived during the early Roman Empire.	[ "Roman Empire", "Trajan", "Satyricon" ]
When did Newfoundland become part of the country where the founder of Redpath Sugar lived?	1949	[]	Title: British colonization of the Americas Passage: In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia was founded by the London Company (also known as the Virginia Company). In Newfoundland, a chartered company known as the Society of Merchant Venturers established a permanent settlement at Cuper's Cove, from 1610. St. George's, Bermuda was founded by the Virginia Company, in 1612. Title: TikTok Passage: TikTok, also known as Douyin (Chinese: 抖音短视频; pinyin: Dǒuyīn duǎnshìpín; literally ``vibrato short video '') in China, is a social media app for creating and sharing videos as well as live broadcasting. Launched in September 2016 by ByteDance, it is a leading short video platform in Asia and has extended to other parts of the world, becoming one of the fastest - growing apps with a large community across several countries for short music videos. Title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Passage: By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats. Title: George Alexander Drummond Passage: Born in 1829 at Edinburgh, he was a younger son of the entrepreneurial stonemason, building contractor and city councillor, George Drummond, by his wife Margaret Pringle (b.c.1790). Drummond studied chemistry at Edinburgh University before coming to Montreal in 1854 to work for his brother-in-law, John Redpath, at Redpath Sugar. Title: Jakub Martinec Passage: Jakub Martinec is professor of choral activities at Memorial University of Newfoundland, holds a Ph.D. in music from the University of Western Ontario and Artistic Advisor, former Conductor and Founding Artistic Director of the Czech Boys Choir. Title: History of Canada Passage: With the end of the Seven Years' War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763), France ceded almost all of its remaining territory in mainland North America, except for fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon where its fishermen could dry their fish. France had already secretly ceded its vast Louisiana territory to Spain under the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) in which King Louis XV of France had given his cousin King Charles III of Spain the entire area of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. France and Spain kept the Treaty of Fontainebleau secret from other countries until 1764. In return for acquiring Canada, Britain returned to France its most important sugar - producing colony, Guadeloupe, which the French at the time considered more valuable than Canada. (Guadeloupe produced more sugar than all the British islands combined, and Voltaire had notoriously dismissed Canada as ``Quelques arpents de neige '',`` A few acres of snow''). Title: John Redpath Passage: John Redpath (1796 – March 5, 1869) was a Scots-Quebecer businessman and philanthropist who helped pioneer the industrial movement that made Montreal, Quebec the largest and most prosperous city in Canada. Title: Sugar Land, Texas Passage: Sugar Land is a city in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States, located in the southwestern part of the Houston -- The Woodlands -- Sugar Land metropolitan area. Located approximately 19 miles (31 km) southwest of Downtown Houston, Sugar Land is a populous suburban municipality centered around the junction of Texas State Highway 6 and U.S. Route 59. Beginning in the 19th century, the present - day Sugar Land area was home to a large sugar plantation situated in the fertile floodplain of the Brazos River. Following the consolidation of local plantations into Imperial Sugar Company in 1908, Sugar Land grew steadily as a company town and incorporated as a city in 1959. Since then, Sugar Land has grown rapidly alongside other edge cities around Houston, with large - scale development of master - planned communities contributing to population swells since the 1980s. Title: Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve Passage: Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve is located in central part of the Island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The area encompasses an area of 2,895 km and is considered one of the last remaining unspoiled areas of the province devoid of human habitat. It was officially created as a wilderness reserve in 1990. Title: Sugar Daddy (The Bellamy Brothers song) Passage: "Sugar Daddy" is a song written by David Bellamy, and recorded by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers. It was released in January 1980 as the first single from the album "You Could Get Crazy". "Sugar Daddy" was the second of ten number one singles on the country chart for The Bellamy Brothers. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of eleven weeks on the country chart. Title: Commonwealth of Nations Passage: In the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its dominions agreed they were "equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". The term "Commonwealth" was officially adopted to describe the community.These aspects to the relationship were formalised by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which applied to Canada without the need for ratification, but Australia, New Zealand, and Newfoundland had to ratify the statute for it to take effect. Newfoundland never did, as on 16 February 1934, with the consent of its parliament, the government of Newfoundland voluntarily ended and governance reverted to direct control from London. Newfoundland later joined Canada as its 10th province in 1949. Australia and New Zealand ratified the Statute in 1942 and 1947 respectively.Although the Union of South Africa was not among the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, two laws—the Status of the Union Act, 1934, and the Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act of 1934—were passed to confirm South Africa's status as a sovereign state. Title: Newfoundland pine marten Passage: The Newfoundland pine marten ("Martes americana atrata") is a genetically distinct subspecies of the American marten ("Martes americana") found only on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada; it is sometimes referred to as the "American marten (Newfoundland population)" and is one of only 14 species of land mammals native to the island. The marten was listed as endangered by the COSEWIC in 2001 and has been protected since 1934, however the population still declines. The Newfoundland marten has been geographically and reproductively isolated from the mainland marten population for 7000 years. The Newfoundland pine marten is similar in appearance to its continental cousin, but is slightly larger, with dark brown fur with an orange/yellow patch on the throat. Females are an average weight of 772 grams and males have an average weight of 1275 grams. The Newfoundland subspecies is also observed to inhabit a wider range of forest types than its mainland counterparts. The population characteristics suggest that the Newfoundland marten is a product of unique ecological setting and evolutionary selective factors acting on the isolated island population. The Newfoundland pine marten is omnivorous, feeding on mainly small mammals, along with birds, old carcasses, insects and fruits; it is currently found in suitable pockets of mature forest habitat, on the west coast of Newfoundland and in and around Terra Nova National Park. The Pine Marten Study Area (PMSA) is located in southwestern Newfoundland and is a 2078 km wildlife reserve that was created in 1973 to protect the Newfoundland Marten.	[ "John Redpath", "George Alexander Drummond", "Commonwealth of Nations" ]
In what season was the performer of Stuck on You a guest judge on American Idol?	season two	[]	Title: Stuck on You (Lionel Richie song) Passage: "Stuck on You" is a song written by and originally recorded by Lionel Richie. It was the fourth single released from his second studio album "Can't Slow Down" released on May 1, 1984, by Motown, and achieved chart success, particularly in the U.S. and the UK, where it peaked at number three and number 12, respectively. The song differs from Richie's other compositions, as it displays a country pop influence rather than R&B. As such, the single's cover photo shows Richie wearing a cowboy hat, and indeed, "Stuck on You" peaked at number 24 on the country chart. "Stuck on You" reached number one on the Adult Contemporary chart, Richie's seventh chart topper. The song marks Lionel Richie's country music debut. Title: American Idol Passage: The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "image concerns". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons. Title: American Idol (season 16) Passage: The sixteenth season of American Idol premiered on March 11, 2018, on the ABC television network. It is the show's first season to air on ABC. Ryan Seacrest continued his role as the show's host, while Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie joined as judges. Maddie Poppe from Clarksville, Iowa won the season on May 21, 2018, while her boyfriend Caleb Lee Hutchinson was runner - up. Poppe was the first female winner since Candice Glover in season twelve. Title: Paula Lima Passage: Paula Lima (born October 10, 1970 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian singer and composer whose music is influenced by bossa, percussion, samba, Brazilian soul international funk and one of judges of Brazilian Idol, Ídolos Brazil (Season 3 and Season 4). Title: Aubrey Cleland Passage: Aubrey Cleland is an American model and singer who came in 11th place on the twelfth season of "American Idol". Title: American Idol Passage: Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for seasons four, six, nine, and fourteen such as Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in season four, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in season six, Shania Twain in season eight, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in season nine, and season eight runner-up, Adam Lambert, in season fourteen. Title: American Idol Passage: Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni. Ryan Seacrest returns as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning for their respective third, fourth, and fifth seasons as judges. Title: American Idol (season 5) Passage: The fifth season of reality television singing competition American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals -- nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner - up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the series to be aired in high definition. Title: American Idol Passage: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a "Dream Ticket" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014. Title: America's Got Talent (season 10) Passage: Dunkin 'Donuts replaced Snapple as sponsor of the show after three seasons. Four guest judges were invited to judge during the judge's cuts round: actor Neil Patrick Harris, singer Michael Bublé, actor Marlon Wayans and former judge Piers Morgan. This was the first season to have an all - male finale and the first where at least four magicians competed in the finals. Ventriloquist Paul Zerdin was voted the winner for the season on September 16, 2015. Comedian Drew Lynch was the runner - up, and magician Oz Pearlman came in at third place. Piff the Magic Dragon was named the most memorable act this season, or the fan favorite. Title: American Idol Passage: The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show. Title: American Idol Passage: For the finals, American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage on March 11, 2008, along with a new on-air look. David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell's version. Cornell himself said he was 'flattered' and praised David Cook's performance. David Cook was taken to the hospital after the top-nine performance show due to heart palpitations and high blood pressure.	[ "Stuck on You (Lionel Richie song)", "American Idol" ]
What is the population of the administrative territorial entity where 22 Gia Long Street is located?	8,426,100	[]	Title: Novokhopyorsky District Passage: Novokhopyorsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Novokhopyorsk. Population: 41,128 (2010 Census); The population of Novokhopyorsk accounts for 16.7% of the district's total population. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: 22 Gia Long Street Passage: 22 Gia Long Street, now 22 Lý Tự Trọng Street, is an apartment building in Ho Chi Minh City, then called Saigon, that became an icon of the Fall of Saigon when chosen as an assembly point for Operation Frequent Wind in 1975. A Dutch photographer, Hubert van Es, working for UPI, took a photograph that captured the chaotic final days of the Vietnam War, which many people believed showed desperate Americans crowding on to the roof of the United States Embassy to board a helicopter. The building in fact was an apartment building that housed employees of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), with its top floor reserved for the Central Intelligence Agency's deputy chief of station. Title: Herndon Depot Museum Passage: The Herndon Depot Museum, also known as the Herndon Historical Society Museum, is located in the town of Herndon in Fairfax County, Virginia. Built in 1857 for the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, the depot later served the Richmond and Danville Railroad, the Southern Railway and the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad. The structure is located at 717 Lynn Street, at the intersection of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and Station Street, north of Elden Street (signed nearby as Virginia State Routes 228 and 606). The building is adjacent to Town Hall Square, which contains the Herndon Town Hall, built in 1939 as a Works Progress Administration project to house all of the Town's administrative offices. Title: Gia Sena Passage: Gia Sena (Greek: "Για Σένα"; English: "For You"; also known as "Gia Sena Sakis Rouvas") is the third studio album by Greek musician Sakis Rouvas, released in October 1993 in Greece and Cyprus by PolyGram Records Greece. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: History of Mississippi Passage: In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson. Title: Balmy Alley Passage: Balmy Alley (formally Balmy Street) is a one-block-long alley that is home to the most concentrated collection of murals in the city of San Francisco. It is located in the south central portion of the Inner Mission District between 24th Street and Garfield Square. Since 1973, most buildings on the street have been decorated with a mural. Title: Ho Chi Minh City Passage: Ho Chi Minh City Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Saigon or Sài Gòn Municipality Thành phố trực thuộc trung ương Clockwise, from left to right: Bến Thành Market, Ho Chi Minh City Hall, District 1 view from Saigon river, Municipal Theatre, Notre - Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon, Independence Palace Seal Nickname (s): Pearl of the Far East Location in Vietnam and Southern Vietnam Coordinates: 10 ° 46 ′ 36.8 ''N 106 ° 42 ′ 02.9'' E / 10.776889 ° N 106.700806 ° E / 10.776889; 106.700806 Coordinates: 10 ° 46 ′ 36.8 ''N 106 ° 42 ′ 02.9'' E / 10.776889 ° N 106.700806 ° E / 10.776889; 106.700806 Country Vietnam Central district District 1 Founded as Gia Định 1698 Renamed to Ho Chi Minh City 1976 Founded by Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh Divisions 19 Urban districts, 5 Suburban districts Government Type Special - class Secretary of Communist Party Nguyễn Thiện Nhân Chairman of People's Committee Nguyễn Thành Phong Chairman of People's Council Nguyễn Thị Quyết Tâm Area Total 2,096.56 km (809.23 sq mi) Elevation 19 m (63 ft) Population (2016) Total 8,426,100 Rank 1st Density 4,000 / km (10,000 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) (2015 estimate) Total US $127.8 billion Per capita US $15,977 GRDP (nominal) (2016) Total US $45.73 billion Per capita US $5,428 Time zone ICT (UTC + 07: 00) Area codes 8 (until 16 Jul 2017) 28 (from 17 Jun 2017) Website hochiminhcity.gov.vn Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Yukhnovsky District Passage: Yukhnovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Yukhnov. Population: 14,447 (2002 Census); The population of Yukhnov accounts for 55.6% of the district's total population.	[ "22 Gia Long Street", "Ho Chi Minh City" ]
When did the US state which donated Washington, D.C. make Anglicanism its official religion?	April 21, 1649	[ "Maryland Toleration Act" ]	Title: Embassy of Namibia in Washington, D.C. Passage: The Embassy of Namibia in Washington, D.C. is the Republic of Namibia's diplomatic mission to the United States. It's located at 1605 New Hampshire Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Dupont Circle neighborhood. Title: D.C. United Women Passage: D.C. United Women was an American soccer club based in Washington, D.C. that competed in the USL W-League, the second tier of women's soccer in the United States. The team was an affiliate of Major League Soccer club, D.C. United but operated independently by Washington Soccer Properties, LLC. To participate in the new National Women's Soccer League for the 2013 season, the team re-branded as the Washington Spirit in December 2012. Title: Organization for International Investment Passage: Based in Washington, D.C., the Organization for International Investment (OFII) is a trade association representing the interests of US subsidiaries of overseas corporations. OFII advocates for non-discriminatory treatment in the United States for its member companies. Title: Eswatini Passage: 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families. Title: Geography of the United States Passage: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories. Title: Virginia Passage: Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court. Title: Embassy of Yemen, Washington, D.C. Passage: The Embassy of Yemen in Washington, D.C. is the Republic of Yemen's diplomatic mission to the United States. It is located at 2319 Wyoming Avenue N.W. in Washington, D.C.'s Kalorama neighborhood. Title: Maryland Toleration Act Passage: The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. It was passed on April 21, 1649, by the assembly of the Maryland colony, in St. Mary's City. It was the second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created one of the pioneer statutes passed by the legislative body of an organized colonial government to guarantee any degree of religious liberty. Specifically, the bill, now usually referred to as the Toleration Act, granted freedom of conscience to all Christians. (The colony which became Rhode Island passed a series of laws, the first in 1636, which prohibited religious persecution including against non-Trinitarians; Rhode Island was also the first government to separate church and state.) Historians argue that it helped inspire later legal protections for freedom of religion in the United States. The Calvert family, who founded Maryland partly as a refuge for English Catholics, sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant Anglicanism of Britain and her colonies. Title: National Cherry Blossom Festival Passage: The National Cherry Blossom Festival is a spring celebration in Washington, D.C., commemorating the March 27, 1912, gift of Japanese cherry trees from Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo City to the city of Washington, D.C. Mayor Ozaki donated the trees to enhance the growing friendship between the United States and Japan and also celebrate the continued close relationship between the two nations. Large and colorful helium balloons, floats, marching bands from across the country, music and showmanship are parts of the Festival's parade and other events. Title: The Railway Passage: The Railway, widely known as Gare Saint-Lazare, is an 1873 painting by Édouard Manet. It is the last painting by Manet of his favourite model, the fellow painter Victorine Meurent, who was also the model for his earlier works "Olympia" and the "Luncheon on the Grass". It was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1874, and donated to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. in 1956. Title: National Postal Museum Passage: The National Postal Museum, located opposite Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States, was established through joint agreement between the United States Postal Service and the Smithsonian Institution and opened in 1993. Title: Victoria (Australia) Passage: About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian. Roman Catholics form the single largest religious group in the state with 26.7% of the Victorian population, followed by Anglicans and members of the Uniting Church. Buddhism is the state's largest non-Christian religion, with 168,637 members as of the most recent census. Victoria is also home of 152,775 Muslims and 45,150 Jews. Hinduism is the fastest growing religion. Around 20% of Victorians claim no religion. Amongst those who declare a religious affiliation, church attendance is low.	[ "Maryland Toleration Act", "Geography of the United States" ]
On what date was the end of the battle at the place that contains Darrington?	30 December 1460	[]	Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Battle of Buxar Passage: The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1763; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The battle fought at Buxar, a ``small fortified town ''within the territory of Bengal, located on the banks of the Ganges river about 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Patna, was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. Shuja - ud - Daulah and Shah Alam surrendered and the war came to an end by the`` Treaty of Allahabad'' in 1765. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Darrington, West Yorkshire Passage: Darrington is a small village and civil parish in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, from Pontefract and from the city of York. The village is split in two by the busy A1 trunk road which runs from London to Scotland. The 2011 census population was 1,408. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Fiftytwo Ridge Passage: Fiftytwo Ridge is a mountain ridge in east-central British Columbia, Canada, located just southwest of Battle Mountain at the southeastern end of Wells Gray Provincial Park. Title: Arafura Swamp Passage: The Arafura Swamp is a large inland freshwater wetland in Arnhem Land, in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is a near pristine floodplain with an area of that may expand to by the end of the wet season, making it the largest wooded swamp in the Northern Territory and, possibly, in Australia. It has a strong seasonal variation in depth of water. The area is of great cultural significance to the Yolngu people, in particular the Ramingining community. It was the filming location for the film "Ten Canoes". Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Battle of Wakefield Passage: The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster and his Queen Margaret of Anjou on one side, and the army of Richard, Duke of York, the rival claimant to the throne, on the other.	[ "Darrington, West Yorkshire", "Battle of Wakefield" ]
Where are the headquarters for the Avianca Holdings airline brand for the country that provided the most legal immigrants in 2013 compared to countries in the continent of the São Lourenço River?	Quito	[ "Quito, Ecuador" ]	Title: New York City Passage: Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013. Title: Fort Clatsop Passage: Fort Clatsop was the encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the Oregon Country near the mouth of the Columbia River during the winter of 1805 - 1806. Located along the Lewis and Clark River at the north end of the Clatsop Plains approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Astoria, the fort was the last encampment of the Corps of Discovery, before embarking on their return trip east to St. Louis. Title: Abaeté River Passage: The Abaeté River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil. Its origin is in the Serra da Canastra, about north of São Gotardo and it passes through São Gonçalo do Abaeté. The river runs nearly north and empties into the São Francisco River, the confluence being located at . The Pontal area at the Abaeté River mouth is an important spawning site for fish. Title: Avianca Ecuador Passage: Avianca Ecuador, formerly known as AeroGal, is an airline based in Quito, Ecuador. It operates passenger and cargo flights within Ecuador, between the mainland and the Galápagos Islands, and between Ecuador and Peru (on behalf of Avianca Peru) and Colombia (on behalf of Avianca). It is one of the seven nationally branded airlines (Avianca Peru, Avianca Honduras, etc.) in the Avianca Holdings group of Latin American airlines. Title: São Lourenço River (Mato Grosso) Passage: The São Lourenço River is a tributary of the Paraguay River within the Pantanal, an alluvial plain that spans portions of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Title: Bloukrans River (Garden Route) Passage: The Bloukrans River is a short river located in the Tsitsikamma region of the Garden Route, South Africa. It is located on the border between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. The river mouth is located east of Nature's Valley, the Bloukrans Bridge spans the river near the mouth and the Bloukrans Pass is close by. The river originates near Peak Formosa in the Plettenberg Bay region. Title: National Pan-Hellenic Council Passage: National Pan-Hellenic Council Data Established 1930 Members 9 Continent North America Country United States Headquarters Decatur, Georgia Organization type Coalition of members Title: Paddys River (South West Slopes, New South Wales) Passage: Paddys River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Southern Europe Passage: Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013). Title: Mehi River Passage: Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Paraguay River Passage: The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia. Title: Mummel River Passage: Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.	[ "São Lourenço River (Mato Grosso)", "New York City", "Paraguay River", "Avianca Ecuador" ]
What was the military branch of the president who signed the treaty with Russia, to purchase the state that contains Yahtse Glacier?	Union Army	[]	Title: Treaty of Tellico Passage: The Treaty With The Cherokee, 1798, also known as the First Treaty of Tellico, was signed on October 2, 1798, in the Overhill Cherokee settlement of Great Tellico near Tellico Blockhouse in Tennessee. This treaty served as an addendum to the Treaty of Holston and was the only treaty between the United States and Native Americans executed during the administration of President John Adams. The treaty was signed by Thomas Butler and George Walton, commissioners of the United States, and some thirty-nine Cherokee chiefs and warriors, in the presence of Silas Dinsmoor, Agent of the United States among the Cherokee, and thirteen other witnesses including Charles R. Hicks, who served as interpreter. Title: Yahtse Glacier Passage: Yahtse Glacier is a 40-mile-long (64 km) glacier in the U.S. state of Alaska. It begins on the southeast slope of Mount Miller and trends southeast along the north border of Guyot Glacier to Icy Bay, just east of Guyot Hills and 70 miles (113 km) northwest of Yakutat. The western extent is an icefield. The name derives from the Yahtse River and was adopted after the retreat of Guyot Glacier resulted in a separate branch. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. Title: List of counties in Maine Passage: This is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed. Title: Nordfjorden (Svalbard) Passage: Nordfjorden is a northern branch of the fjord Isfjorden at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between Bohemanneset and Kapp Thordsen, and branches further into the fjords Ekmanfjorden and Dicksonfjorden. The 30 kilometer long glacier Sveabreen debouches into the fjord. Title: Congress of Berlin Passage: The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Title: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Passage: The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance. Title: Alaska Purchase Passage: Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km). Title: Lafayette C. Baker Passage: Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. Title: Alaska Purchase Passage: The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson. Title: Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Passage: The PTBT was signed by the governments of the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States in Moscow on 5 August 1963 before being opened for signature by other countries. The treaty formally went into effect on 10 October 1963. Since then, 123 other states have become party to the treaty. Ten states have signed but not ratified the treaty. Title: Point No Point Passage: Point No Point is an outcropping of land on the northeast point of the Kitsap Peninsula in Washington, the United States. It was the location of the signing of the Point No Point Treaty and is the site of the Point No Point Light. It was named by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition of Puget Sound in 1841.	[ "Yahtse Glacier", "Lafayette C. Baker", "Alaska Purchase" ]
When was the country that approved the name of the planet with the Small Dark Spot occupied by Germany in WW2?	1940 -- 1944	[]	Title: German military administration in occupied France during World War II Passage: Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic Title: Voyager 2 Passage: While in the neighborhood of Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered the ``Great Dark Spot '', which has since disappeared, according to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. Originally thought to be a large cloud itself, the`` Great Dark Spot'' was later hypothesized to be a hole in the visible cloud deck of Neptune. Title: Emergency contraception Passage: The Yuzpe regimen became the standard course of treatment for postcoital contraception in many countries in the 1980s. The first prescription - only combined estrogen - progestin dedicated product, Schering PC4 (ethinylestradiol and norgestrel), was approved in the UK in January 1984 and first marketed in October 1984. Schering introduced a second prescription - only combined product, Tetragynon (ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel) in Germany in 1985. (1) By 1997, Schering AG dedicated prescription - only combined products had been approved in only 9 countries: the UK (Schering PC4), New Zealand (Schering PC4), South Africa (E-Gen - C), Germany (Tetragynon), Switzerland (Tetragynon), Denmark (Tetragynon), Norway (Tetragynon), Sweden (Tetragynon) and Finland (Neoprimavlar); and had been withdrawn from marketing in New Zealand in 1997 to prevent it being sold over-the - counter. (2) (3) (4) Regular combined oral contraceptive pills (which were less expensive and more widely available) were more commonly used for the Yuzpe regimen even in countries where dedicated products were available. Title: Copernicus (Martian crater) Passage: Copernicus is a large crater on Mars, with a diameter close to 300 km. It is located south of the planet's equator in the heavily cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in the Phaethontis quadrangle at 48.8°S and 191.2°E. Its name was approved in 1973, and it was named after Nicolaus Copernicus. Title: Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog Passage: Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It occupies a small part in the northwest of Nordstrand peninsula. Title: Warsaw Pact Passage: One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany. Title: Small Dark Spot Passage: The Small Dark Spot, sometimes also called Dark Spot 2 or The Wizard's Eye, was a southern cyclonic storm on the planet Neptune. It was the second most intense storm on the planet in 1989, when "Voyager 2" flew by the planet. When the Hubble Space Telescope observed Neptune in 1994, the storm had disappeared. Title: Joker (The Dark Knight) Passage: The Joker The Dark Knight character Heath Ledger as the Joker First appearance The Dark Knight (2008) Created by Christopher Nolan David S. Goyer Portrayed by Heath Ledger Title: Heroína Island Passage: Heroína Island is a small island in Antarctica, marking the northeast end of the Danger Islands, east-southeast of Joinville Island. It was named by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition, 1948–49, after the expedition ship "Heroína", the name being approved by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1993. Title: Switzerland Passage: Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe. While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, called Bundesstadt ("federal city").[note 3] The country is situated in Western and Central Europe,[note 4] and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global and economic centres, Zürich and Geneva. Title: Neptune Passage: Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago. This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and Leverrier for the new planet. Title: Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed Passage: ``Dark They Were, and Golden - Eyed ''is a science fiction short story by Ray Bradbury. It was originally published in the magazine Thrilling Wonder Stories in August 1949, under the title`` The Naming of Names''. It was subsequently included in the short - story collections A Medicine for Melancholy and S is for Space.	[ "Neptune", "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", "Small Dark Spot" ]
What is the family of Joachim II Hector, former elector of the birthplace of Johann Nauwach?	House of Hohenzollern	[ "Hohenzollern" ]	Title: Helmut Lent Passage: Lent was born on 13 June 1918 in Pyrehne, district of Landsberg an der Warthe, Province of Brandenburg, Germany (now Pyrzany, Lubusz Province, western Poland) and christened Helmut Johannes Siegfried Lent. He was the fifth child of Johannes Lent, a Lutheran minister and Marie Elisabeth, née Braune. Helmut Lent had two older brothers, Werner and Joachim, and two older sisters, Käthe and Ursula. His family was deeply religious; in addition to his father, both of his brothers and both grandfathers were also Lutheran ministers. Title: Georg Ludwig Spalding Passage: Georg Ludwig Spalding (April 8, 1762 – June 7, 1811) was a German philologist born in Barth, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. He was the son of theologian Johann Joachim Spalding (1714–1804). Title: Joachim Peiper Passage: Joachim Peiper (30 January 1915 – 14 July 1976), also known as Jochen Peiper, was a field officer in the Waffen-SS during World War II and personal adjutant to "Reichsführer-SS" Heinrich Himmler between November 1940 and August 1941. Title: Johann II Bernoulli Passage: Johann II Bernoulli (18 May 1710, Basel – 17 July 1790, Basel; also known as Jean) was the youngest of the three sons of Johann Bernoulli. He studied law and mathematics, and, after travelling in France, was for five years professor of eloquence in the university of his native city. In 1736 he was awarded the prize of the French Academy for his suggestive studies of aether. On the death of his father he succeeded him as professor of mathematics in the University of Basel. He was thrice a successful competitor for the prizes of the Academy of Sciences of Paris. His prize subjects were the capstan, the propagation of light, and the magnet. He enjoyed the friendship of P. L. M. de Maupertuis, who died under his roof while on his way to Berlin. He himself died in 1790. His two sons, Johann and Jakob, are the last noted mathematicians of the Bernoulli family. Title: Johann Nauwach Passage: Nauwach was born in Brandenburg, and was a pupil of Heinrich Schütz. Schütz dedicated a motet "Glück zu dem Helikon" (1627) to Nauwach's graduation. Nauwach died in Dresden. Title: Battle of Stadtlohn Passage: The Battle of Stadtlohn was fought on 6 August 1623 between the armies of the Electoral Palatinate and of the Catholic League during the Thirty Years' War. The League's forces were led by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, the Protestants by Christian of Brunswick. Title: Caroline Rudolphi Passage: Rudolphi moved her institute to Heidelberg in 1803 (in the newly formed Electorate of Baden), where she became socially involved with the circle of Romanticist intellectuals there (Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, Sophie Mereau, Friedrich Creuzer Ludwig Tieck) and a close friend of the family of classicist Johann Heinrich Voß. Title: Peter Hager II Passage: Peter Hager II (November 20, 1784 – January 26, 1854 in Hector, then in Tompkins Co., now in Schuyler County, New York) was an American politician from New York. Title: Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg Passage: Joachim II ( or "Hektor"; 13 January 1505 – 3 January 1571) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1535–1571), the sixth member of the House of Hohenzollern. Joachim II was the eldest son of Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg and his wife Elizabeth of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. He received the cognomen Hector after the Trojan prince and warrior for his qualities and prowess. Title: Millennials Passage: Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom. Title: Sophia Eleonore of Saxony Passage: Sophia Eleonore of Saxony (23 November 1609 – 2 June 1671) was a Duchess ("Herzogin") of Saxony by birth and the Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1627 to 1661 through her marriage to Landgrave George II. She was the eldest surviving child of John George I, Elector of Saxony, and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia. Her daughter Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt became Electress of the Palatinate. Title: Johannes Bach Passage: Johann or Johannes Bach (26 November 1604, Erfurtburied 13 May 1673, Erfurt) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque. He was the father of the so-called "Erfurt line" of Bach family musicians.	[ "Johann Nauwach", "Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg" ]
What is the name of the speaker of parliament in the country where Sene District is located?	Aaron Mike Oquaye	[]	Title: Peter Ala Adjetey Passage: Peter Ala Adjetey (11 August 1931 – 15 July 2008) was the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana from 2001 to 2005. Title: Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom) Passage: The Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, the United Kingdom's lower chamber of Parliament. The office is currently held by John Bercow, who was initially elected on 22 June 2009, following the resignation of Michael Martin. He was returned as an MP in the 2010 general election and was re-elected as Speaker when the House sat at the start of the new Parliament on 18 May 2010. He was again returned as an MP in the 2015 general election and was re-elected, unopposed, as Speaker when the House sat at the start of the new Parliament on 18 May 2015 and again on 13 June 2017. Title: Tuvalu Passage: From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 members with elections held every four years. The members of parliament select the Prime Minister (who is the head of government) and the Speaker of Parliament. The ministers that form the Cabinet are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister. Title: Royal assent Passage: The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills." If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament. Title: Parliament of Ghana Passage: Parliament of Ghana 7th Parliament of the 4th Republic Type Type Unicameral Leadership Speaker Aaron Mike Oquaye Since 7 January 2017 Structure Seats 275 Political groups NPP (169) NDC (106) Elections Voting system First - past - the - post Last election 7 December 2016 Meeting place Parliament House Accra, Greater Accra Republic of Ghana Website www.parliament.gh Title: Nedjeljko Mihanović Passage: Nedjeljko Mihanović (; born 16 February 1930) is a Croatian politician and former Speaker of the Croatian Parliament. He is an associated member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Mihanović retired in 2000. Title: Dieter Möhrmann Passage: Dieter Möhrmann (born 1948) is a German politician in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and deputy speaker in the Lower Saxony State Parliament. Title: Sene District Passage: The Sene District is one of the twenty-two (22) districts of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Its capital is Kwame Danso. Title: Seppo Lehto Passage: On 3 October 2013, Speaker of the Parliament announced that Seppo Lehto is not anymore welcome to the Parliament House of Finland after he performed a Nazi salute there and published a photo of the act on the Internet. His host, Finns Party member of the parliament James Hirvisaari, was also expelled from the Finns Party due to this event. Title: 2003 Niutao by-election Passage: A by-election was held in the Niutao constituency in Tuvalu on 5 May 2003. It was triggered by the death of the incumbent MP, Saloa Tauia. Tauia, the Speaker of Parliament, died in February, after having entered Parliament in the July 2002 general election. Title: Speaker of the Lok Sabha Passage: The first meeting after the election when the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are selected by members of the Parliament is held under the pro tem Speaker. In absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker and in the absence of both a committee of six member selected by the Speaker will act as Speaker according to their seniority. Title: Joseph Michael Perera Passage: M. Joseph Michael Perera is a Sri Lankan politician (born 15 September 1941) and a Former Member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He is the 17th Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.	[ "Sene District", "Parliament of Ghana" ]
How many square miles is the city where The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics is located?	620.34 square miles	[]	Title: Kansas Academy of Mathematics and Science Passage: The Kansas Academy of Mathematics and Science (KAMS) is a two-year, residential, early-entrance-to-college program for U.S. high school juniors and seniors who are academically talented in the areas of mathematics and science. Located on the Fort Hays State University campus in Hays, Kansas, students concurrently complete their last two years of high school while earning over 60 college credits. Title: Gonzales County, Texas Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water. Title: List of counties in Georgia Passage: Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place Title: Prakanongpittayalai School Passage: Prakanongpittayalai School is a high school in Bangkok, Thailand. The school is near Bangchak Petroleum Public Company Limited (BCP) and Khlong Toei Port. In the grade 10-12, the school has many field of study. Such as Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, English, Japanese, Chinese and Korean. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water. Title: John Samuel Forrest Passage: John Samuel Forrest attended the famous Hamilton Academy school where he won the Dux Medal, Mathematics Medal and the Science Medal, and coming third in the University of Glasgow Bursary Examination of 1925 was awarded the John Clerk (Mile End) Bursary to study Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the university. In 1929 while still an under-graduate Forrest was admitted as a research student in the Science Faculty and awarded the Thomson Experimental Scholarship followed by the Mackay-Smith Scholarship. He also won the Thomson Prize in Astronomy and graduated in 1930 with a double degree, B.Sc. in pure science, with a second class honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Title: Peter Coles Passage: Peter Coles (born 1963) is a theoretical cosmologist at Cardiff University and Maynooth University. He was formerly the head of the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Sussex. Title: Harvard University Passage: The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River connecting both campuses. The Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard School of Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area approximately 3.3 miles (5.3 km) southwest of downtown Boston and 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, a school for some of the state's most gifted math and science pupils, is also located in Oklahoma City. Title: Sydney Passage: Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. Title: Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin Passage: Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin (born 1983) is an Irish academic and broadcaster. She is currently a member of the School of Mathematics & Statistics in University College Dublin, researching and lecturing in Mathematics and Mathematics Education. She previously worked as a post-primary school teacher of Mathematics, Physics, Applied Mathematics and Science. She graduated with a first-class honours degree in Theoretical Physics from University College Dublin in 2005 and her PhD, completed with the School of Education Trinity College Dublin in 2014, was funded by an Ussher Fellowship. Title: Cherokee City, Arkansas Passage: Cherokee City is an unincorporated census-designated place in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population is 72. It is the location of (or is the nearest community to) Coon Creek Bridge, which is located on Cty Rd. 24 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The community was named for the Cherokee Indians, since the Trail of Tears crossed the landscape when the Cherokee migrated west to Indian territory, now Oklahoma in the late 1830s. The town is about 5 miles east of Oklahoma and 4 miles south of the Missouri state line.	[ "Oklahoma City" ]
The location where Chumbi Valley is found was made an integral part of India under which amendment?	the 36th Amendment	[]	Title: Eastern Bengal and Assam Passage: Eastern Bengal and Assam was an administrative subdivision (province) of the British Raj between 1905 and 1912. Headquartered in the city of Dacca, it covered territories in what are now Bangladesh, Northeast India and Northern West Bengal. Title: Preamble to the Constitution of India Passage: The preamble has been amended only once so far. On 18 December 1976, during the Emergency in India, the Indira Gandhi government pushed through several changes in the Forty - second Amendment of the constitution. A committee under the chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh recommended that this amendment be enacted after being constituted to study the question of amending the constitution in the light of past experience. Through this amendment the words ``socialist ''and`` secular'' were added between the words ``Sovereign ''and`` democratic'' and the words ``unity of the Nation ''were changed to`` unity and integrity of the Nation''. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Andrade Passage: Andrade is a surname of Galician origin, which emerged in the 12th century as the family name of the knights and lords of the small parish of San Martiño de Andrade (St. Martin of Andrade, into the council of Pontedeume). The first mention of this small territory, is to be found in the documentation of the monastery of Caaveiro (located just 18km away), and belong chronologically to the 9th century. It was part of the region of Pruzos, which was created as an administrative and ecclesiastical territory of Kingdom of Galicia in the sixth century by the King: Teodomiro (559 - 570), through a document written in Latin called: Parrochiale suevum, Parochiale suevorum or Theodomiri Divisio. From the 12th century Pruzos, and therefore Andrade, were integrated into the county of Trastámara that belonged to the lineage Traba, the most powerful Galician family. By this same time the family group: Fortúnez, begins to unite their names Andrade as surname, since in this parish their family home was located. The knights of Andrade were faithful vassals of their lords the Counts of Trastámara throughout the middle centuries of the Middle Ages. Title: Sheikhpura district Passage: Sheikhpura district is one of the thirty eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Sheikhpura town is the administrative headquarter of this district. Sheikhpura district is a part of Munger Division. Sheikhpura was separated from Munger District and was made a separate district with headquarter at Sheikhpura on 31 July 1994. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Sikkim Passage: In 1975, the Prime Minister of Sikkim appealed to the Indian Parliament for Sikkim to become a state of India. In April of that year, the Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. Thereafter, a referendum was held in which 97.5 per cent of voters supported abolishing the monarchy, effectively approving union with India. India is said to have stationed 20,000 -- 40,000 troops in a country of only 200,000 during the referendum. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished. To enable the incorporation of the new state, the Indian Parliament amended the Indian Constitution. First, the 35th Amendment laid down a set of conditions that made Sikkim an ``Associate State '', a special designation not used by any other state. A month later, the 36th Amendment repealed the 35th Amendment, and made Sikkim a full state, adding its name to the First Schedule of the Constitution. Title: Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India Passage: The Constitution (Forty - second Amendment) Act, 1976 Parliament of India An Act further to amend the Constitution of India. Citation 42nd Amendment Territorial extent India Enacted by Lok Sabha Date passed 2 November 1976 Enacted by Rajya Sabha Date passed 11 November 1976 Date assented to 18 December 1976 Date commenced 3 January 1977 Legislative history Bill introduced in the Lok Sabha The Constitution (Forty - second Amendment) Bill, 1976 Bill published on 1 September 1976 Introduced by H.R. Gokhale Bill introduced in the Rajya Sabha Constitution (Forty - second Amendment) Bill, 1976 Bill published on 4 November 1976 Repealing legislation 43rd and 44th Amendments Summary Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a ``Socialist Secular ''Republic. Title: List of districts in India Passage: A district (zilā) is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. In some cases districts are further subdivided into sub-divisions, and in others directly into tehsils or talukas. As of 2016 there are a total of 707 districts, up from the 640 in the 2011 Census of India and the 593 recorded in the 2001 Census of India. Title: New Mexico Passage: Inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. It was named Nuevo México after the Aztec Valley of Mexico by Spanish settlers, 223 years before the establishment of the present - day country of Mexico. The present - day state of New Mexico was not named after, nor is it a part of, Mexico. Its geographic characteristics made settlement and effective political control difficult which prompted Mexico's invasion and control of the area from 1824 to 1846. New Mexico's Spanish origins made cultural integration with Mexico unsuitable, which sparked the Revolt of 1837 and a growing economic association with the expanding United States. The 1848 Mexican -- American War indirectly capitalized on this tension and created the U.S. New Mexico Territory. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. Title: Chonala masoni Passage: The species is named the Chumbi wall after the Chumbi Valley where it was "presumed" to have been collected by a native collector and passed on to Henry John Elwes in 1881 when he visited Sikkim with Frederick DuCane Godman. It was originally described as a species in the genus "Debis".	[ "Chonala masoni", "Sikkim" ]
What comprehensive school was established in the island where Skerries Lighthouse is located?	Holyhead County School	[]	Title: Comprehensive school Passage: The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton. Title: Mane Skerry Passage: Mane Skerry is a small island in the central part of Lystad Bay, off Horseshoe Island, Antarctica. It was named from association with nearby Mite Skerry; an initial misspelling of the phrase "might and main" became established at the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey station in the years 1955–57. Title: South Stack Lighthouse Passage: The lighthouse has warned passing ships of the treacherous rock below since its completion in 1809. The -tall lighthouse on South Stack was designed by Daniel Alexander and the main light is visible to passing vessels for , and was designed to allow safe passage for ships on the treacherous Dublin–Holyhead–Liverpool sea route. It provides the first beacon along the northern coast of Anglesey for east-bound ships. It is followed by lighthouses, fog horns and other markers at North Stack, Holyhead Breakwater, The Skerries, the Mice, Point Lynas and at the south-east tip of the island Trwyn Du. The lighthouse is operated remotely by Trinity House. It has been visited by the team at "Most Haunted". Title: Torbjørnskjær Lighthouse Passage: Torbjørnskjær Lighthouse (, ) is a fully automated coastal lighthouse situated on a skerry in the archipelago municipality of Hvaler, Norway. It marks the east side of the entrance to the Oslofjord, with Færder marking the west. The light is powered by solar power. Landing conditions are very difficult, and nowadays service calls are made via helicopter. The lighthouse and surrounding buildings, which include residences, outhouse, a well, and engine house are proposed protected as a national park. Title: Figtree High School Passage: Figtree High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located on Gibsons Road in Figtree, a suburb of Wollongong, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Skerries Lighthouse Passage: The Skerries Lighthouse was first lit on the highest point of the largest island in The Skerries, Isle of Anglesey after 1716. A patent for the lighthouse was subsequently obtained in 1824. The builder was William Trench, who lost his son off the rocks and died in debt in 1725. He is said to have originally been allowed a pension from the Post Office, rather than payment from shipping tolls. An act of 1730 allowed his son-in-law, Sutton Morgan, to increase the dues charged for shipping and confirmed the patent on the light to Morgan's heirs forever. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued. Title: Skerries Harps GAA Passage: Skerries Harps is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Skerries, County Dublin, Ireland, playing Gaelic football, hurling and camogie. Notable ex-players include Bobby Beggs, Paddy Ellis, Skinner Hughes. Dublin GAA superstar Bryan Cullen is a current player. The club is located on the Dublin Road in Skerries with a main pitch and club house at this location. The club has just under 40 teams competing at all levels in football, hurling, camogie and ladies football. The club plays at senior level in football and camogie, intermediate level in ladies football and junior hurling. Current president is John Clinton and the club Chairman is Niall Murphy. Title: Middleton High School (Middleton, Wisconsin) Passage: Middleton High School is a comprehensive public secondary school located in the city of Middleton, Wisconsin. It was established in 1879. Part of the Middleton-Cross Plains School District, the school serves more than 2,000 students in grades 9 to 12 from the Middleton and Cross Plains areas. Middleton High School's mascot is the cardinal. The school colors are white and maroon. Its athletic teams play at the WIAA Division 1 level in the WIAA Big Eight Conference. Title: Skalmen Lighthouse Passage: Skalmen Lighthouse () is a coastal lighthouse located in Smøla Municipality, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The lighthouse is located on a small islet about northwest of the villages of Råket and Dyrnes on the main island of Smøla.	[ "Skerries Lighthouse", "Comprehensive school" ]
Who is the first Indian climber of the mount where Francys Arsentiev died?	Bachendri Pal	[]	Title: Virapandianpatnam Passage: Virapandianpattanam or Virapandianpatnam, a village on the south-eastern coast of Indian peninsular near Thiruchendur, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. Many people of this village were converted to Roman Catholicism by St. Francis Xavier by 1544. Title: Tom Patey Passage: Thomas Walton Patey (20 February 1932 – 25 May 1970) was a Scottish climber, mountaineer, doctor and writer. He was a leading Scottish climber of his day, particularly excelling on winter routes. He died in a climbing accident at the age of 38. He was probably best known for his humorous songs and prose about climbing, many of which were published posthumously in the collection "One Man's Mountains". Title: Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8 Passage: Contestant Profession Status Notes Shantanu Maheshwari Indian TV actor, dancer and choreographer Winner on 30 September 2017 1st Place Hina Khan Indian TV actress 1st Runner Up 2nd Place Ravi Dubey Indian TV actor 2nd Runner Up 3rd Place Monica Dogra American musician and actress Eliminated on 13 August 2017 returned on 2 September 2017 Eliminated on 30 September 2017 (Finalist) 4th place Nia Sharma Indian TV actress Eliminated on 6 August 2017 returned on 12 August 2017 eliminated again on 27 August 2017 returned again on 2 September 2017 Eliminated on 30 September (Finalist) 5th place Lopamudra Raut Indian model Eliminated on 24 September 2017 6th place (semi-finalist) Rithvik Dhanjani Indian TV actor Eliminated on 24 September 2017 7th place (semi-finalist) Karan Wahi Indian TV actor Eliminated on 10 September 2017 8th place Geeta Phogat Wrestler Eliminated on 3 September 2017 9th place Manveer Gurjar Bigg Boss 10 winner Eliminated on 20 August 2017 10th place Shiny Doshi Indian TV actress and model Eliminated on 30 July 2017 11th place Shibani Dandekar Indian TV actress, singer and model Eliminated on 29 July 2017 12th place Title: Chris Sharma Passage: Chris Omprakash Sharma (born April 23, 1981) is an American rock climber. In 2007, NPR wrote that Sharma was considered the world's best rock climber. He is known for being the world's first climber to redpoint a route ("Jumbo love", 2008) and the second to climb a and a route (respectively, "Realization" in 2001 and "La Dura Dura" in 2013). He is also known for climbing the world's first and deep-water solo routes ("Es Pontàs" in 2007 and "Alasha" in 2017). He bolted and first ascended many of the hardest lines of the Catalonia region in Spain. In 2015, he opened the gym Sharma Climbing BCN in Barcelona. In 2019 he plans to open Europe's largest climbing gym in Madrid, Spain. Title: Francesco I Acciaioli Passage: Francis or Francesco I Acciaioli was the son of Nerio II Acciaioli by his second wife Chiara Zorzi. He succeeded on his father's death in 1451 to the Duchy of Athens under his mother's regency. Title: List of Mount Everest records of India Passage: Bachendri Pal (Hindi: बचेंद्री पाल) In 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest Prem Lata Agarwal (Hindi: प्रेम लता अग्रवाल) Summiting Mount Everest (2011) The first Indian woman - mountaineer to complete the seven summits and the oldest Indian women mountaineer to summit Mount Everest at an age of 48 years See also Category: Indian summiters of Mount Everest Title: Francys Arsentiev Passage: Francys Arsentiev (January 18, 1958 – May 24, 1998) became the first woman from the United States to reach the summit of Mount Everest without the aid of bottled oxygen, on May 22, 1998. She then died during the descent. Title: William Murphy (Bishop of Saginaw) Passage: William Francis Murphy (May 11, 1885 – February 7, 1950) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first Bishop of Saginaw, serving between 1938 and his death in 1950. Title: Karl Mehringer Passage: Karl Mehringer (died 1935) was a German mountaineer and climber. Notable for being part of the first team to attempt to climb the Eiger Nordwand or North Face in 1935. He and Max Sedlmeyer climbed as far as the top of the "Flat Iron" ("Bügeleisen" in German) feature where they were overtaken by a storm and died. Title: Asim Mukhopadhyay Passage: Asim Mukhopadhyay (, also known as Asim Mukherjee ) is a famous figure in the history of mountaineering in West Bengal, India. He is the pioneer in India for organizing high altitude scientific expeditions in the Himalayan region. He took part in many such expeditions as a climber between 1959 and 1974, and organised a few more in that period and later as an administrator. He was one of the main organisers of the first successful climbing on Nanda Ghunti and Tirsuli peaks by any non-government Indian organisation. Mukhopadhyay is also known for his vast knowledge on Pali, Buddhist literature and culture. Title: The Death of Major Peirson, 6 January 1781 Passage: The Death of Major Peirson, 6 January 1781 is a 1783 large oil painting by John Singleton Copley. It depicts the death of Major Francis Peirson at the Battle of Jersey on 6 January 1781. Title: Hausstock Passage: The Hausstock is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, at an elevation of on the border between the cantons of Glarus and Graubünden. It overlooks the valleys of Linth and Sernf rivers in Glarus, and the valley of the Vorderrhein river in Graubünden. The Hausstock was the site of the 1799 withdrawal of the Russian army under General Alexander Suvorov. A well-known destination already in the nineteenth century with British and American climbers, the mountain remains popular with mountain climbers and skiers.	[ "List of Mount Everest records of India", "Francys Arsentiev" ]
When did the region which traded horses with the Ming become part of Qing China?	mid-18th century	[ "18th century" ]	Title: Qing dynasty Passage: The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmaneuvered and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. The Qing surrender in 1842 marked a decisive, humiliating blow to China. The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain. It revealed many inadequacies in the Qing government and provoked widespread rebellions against the already hugely unpopular regime. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the "Son of Heaven" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662. Title: Palace Museum Passage: The art collections of the Palace Museum (Chinese: 故宫博物院; pinyin: Gùgōng Bówùyùan), a national museum housed in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, are built upon the imperial collection of the Ming and Qing dynasties. This collection was expanded in the 20th century with new acquisitions, transfers from other museums, and new archaeological discoveries. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning the role of the Mongols, China Daily states that it was the successive Qing dynasty which established the title of Dalai Lama and his power in Tibet: "In 1653, the Qing emperor granted an honorific title to the fifth Dalai Lama and then did the same for the fifth Panchen Lama in 1713, officially establishing the titles of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, and their political and religious status in Tibet." Title: Qing dynasty Passage: The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were "afraid of water". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as "barbarian", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan. Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court. Xinjiang, also known as Chinese Turkestan, was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains, also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively, but the post of Ili General was established in 1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions. Dzungaria was fully opened to Han migration by the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning. Han migrants were at first forbidden from permanently settling in the Tarim Basin but were the ban was lifted after the invasion by Jahangir Khoja in the 1820s. Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Northeast China were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century. Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: The government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced the corvée system with a head tax used to hire laborers. The administration of the Grand Canal was made more efficient, and transport opened to private merchants. A system of monitoring grain prices eliminated severe shortages, and enabled the price of rice to rise slowly and smoothly through the 18th century. Wary of the power of wealthy merchants, Qing rulers limited their trading licenses and usually refused them permission to open new mines, except in poor areas. These restrictions on domestic resource exploration, as well as on foreign trade, are held by some scholars as a cause of the Great Divergence, by which the Western world overtook China economically. Title: Forbidden City Passage: The Forbidden City is a palace complex in central Beijing, China. The former Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty -- the years 1420 to 1912, it now houses the Palace Museum. The Forbidden City served as the home of emperors and their households as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government for almost 500 years. Title: Nanjing Museum Passage: The Nanjing Museum () is located in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province in East China. With an area of , it is one of the largest museums in China. The museum has over 400,000 items in its permanent collection, making it one of the largest in China. Especially notable is the museum's enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China." They used both "China" and "Qing" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as "China" or the "Chinese Empire") and foreign affairs, and "Chinese language" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and "Chinese people" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used "Qing" and "China" interchangeably. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet, it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north, which Laird sees as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids and to "drive them from the frontiers of China." However, after Altan Khan (1507–1582)—leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes—made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573. This provided the Chinese with a new supply of horses that the Mongols had in excess; it was also a relief to the Ming, since they were unable to stop the Mongols from periodic raiding. Laird says that despite the fact that later Mongols believed Altan forced the Ming to view him as an equal, Chinese historians argue that he was simply a loyal Chinese citizen. By 1578, Altan Khan formed a formidable Mongol-Tibetan alliance with the Gelug that the Ming viewed from afar without intervention.	[ "Qing dynasty", "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" ]
What family of languages does the old version of the language Melodymag is written part of?	Iranian languages	[]	Title: Old Barge, Young Love (1957 film) Passage: Alter Kahn und junge Liebe (English-language title: "Old Barge, Young Love") is an East German (then GDR) romance film directed by Hans Heinrich. It was released in 1957. Title: Czech language Passage: The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin). Title: Serbo-Croatian Passage: The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, as the two languages were not distinguished by most speakers. This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian. Title: Baltic Sea Passage: The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages: Title: Melodymag Passage: Melodymag (a contraction of "Melody Magazine") is a Persian online music magazine that consists of an image gallery, multimedia content, and Radio Melody. Melodymag covers Iranian and World music news and introduces Iranian and World musicians, singers and bands. Title: Iranian languages Passage: Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an "old" quality for official proclamations. Title: Old English Passage: Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century. Title: Iranian languages Passage: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original dw > b (paralleling the development of *ćw). Title: Bennett (name) Passage: Bennett Pronunciation / ˈbɛnɪt / Origin Region of origin England Language (s) Anglo - Norman, Old French Meaning ``blessed ''Other names Variant (s) Benedict, Benoît, Bénet Title: Iranian languages Passage: The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. Title: The House on Chelouche Street Passage: The House on Chelouche Street is a 1973 film by Israeli director Moshé Mizrahi, filmed in Hebrew, Egyptian Arabic, and Judeo-Spanish (a.k.a. Ladino, a Jewish language mostly derived from Old Castilian). The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Title: Western Iranian languages Passage: The Western Iranian languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median.	[ "Melodymag", "Western Iranian languages" ]
In what year were the Roman garrisons withdrawn from Pannonia to the country that the performer of One is a citizen of?	433	[]	Title: Kitos War Passage: The Kitos War (115–117; : "mered ha'galuyot" or "mered ha'tfutzot" [מרד התפוצות]; translation: rebellion of the diaspora. ) was one of the major Jewish–Roman wars, 66–136. The rebellions erupted in the year 115, when majority of the Roman armies were fighting Trajan's Parthian War on the eastern border of the Roman Empire, major uprisings by ethnic Judeans in Cyrenaica, Cyprus and Egypt spiraled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of left-behind Roman garrisons and Roman citizens by Jewish rebels. Title: I Just Want to Dance with You Passage: ``I Just Want to Dance with You ''is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, One Step at a Time, it is his 34th Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album`` German Afternoons.'' Title: History of Liberia Passage: Liberia is a country in West Africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the United States and ex-Caribbean slaves as a colony for former African American slaves and their free black descendants. It is one of only two sovereign countries in the world that were started by citizens and ex-Caribbean slaves of a political power as a colony for former slaves of the same political power, the other being Sierra Leone, established by Great Britain. In 1847, Liberia proclaimed its independence from the American Colonization Society (ACS). Title: Garrison, Iowa Passage: Garrison is a city in Benton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 371 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue. Jewish troops were among the Syrian soldiers transferred there, and replenished from the Middle East, after 175 C.E. Jews and especially Syrians came from Antioch, Tarsus and Cappadocia. Others came from Italy and the Hellenized parts of the Roman empire. The excavations suggest they first lived in isolated enclaves attached to Roman legion camps, and intermarried among other similar oriental families within the military orders of the region.Raphael Patai states that later Roman writers remarked that they differed little in either customs, manner of writing, or names from the people among whom they dwelt; and it was especially difficult to differentiate Jews from the Syrians. After Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433, the garrison populations were withdrawn to Italy, and only a few, enigmatic traces remain of a possible Jewish presence in the area some centuries later. Title: Switzerland Passage: The Swiss Armed Forces, including the Land Forces and the Air Force, are composed mostly of conscripts, male citizens aged from 20 to 34 (in special cases up to 50) years. Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used. Swiss citizens are prohibited from serving in foreign armies, except for the Swiss Guards of the Vatican, or if they are dual citizens of a foreign country and reside there. Title: One (Tying Tiffany EP) Passage: One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each. Title: Religion in ancient Rome Passage: Rome's government, politics and religion were dominated by an educated, male, landowning military aristocracy. Approximately half Rome's population were slave or free non-citizens. Most others were plebeians, the lowest class of Roman citizens. Less than a quarter of adult males had voting rights; far fewer could actually exercise them. Women had no vote. However, all official business was conducted under the divine gaze and auspices, in the name of the senate and people of Rome. "In a very real sense the senate was the caretaker of the Romans’ relationship with the divine, just as it was the caretaker of their relationship with other humans". Title: Tying Tiffany Passage: Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki. Title: Malek Ashtar Garrison Passage: Malek Ashtar Garrison ( – "Pādegān-e Mālek Ashtar") is a village and military installation in Masumiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 231, in 64 families. The garrison is named after Malik al-Ashtar and is a recruit training centre for Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran conscripts. Title: Munich Agreement Passage: Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro - Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia with a population that included three million German - speaking people, 24 percent of the total population of the country. The Germans lived mostly in an area called Sudetenland bordering on Germany and the newly created country of Austria. The Sudeten Germans were not consulted about whether they wished to be citizens of Czechoslovakia. Although the constitution guaranteed equality for all citizens, there was a tendency among political leaders to transform the country ``into an instrument of Czech and Slovak nationalism ''. Although some progress was made to integrate the Germans and other minorities, they continued to be under - represented in the government and the army. Moreover, the Great Depression beginning in 1929 impacted the highly industrialized and export - oriented Sudeten Germans more than it did the Czech and Slovak populations. By 1936, 60 percent of the unemployed people in Czechoslovakia were Germans. Title: Parliament of India Passage: Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has 545 members. 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary constituencies across the country and 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-Indian Community. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.	[ "Ashkenazi Jews", "One (Tying Tiffany EP)", "Tying Tiffany" ]
When did Britain withdraw from the country where Fareej el-Hatab is located?	1971	[]	Title: British Empire Passage: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe. Title: Casa de Mujeres Passage: Casa de Mujeres ("House of Women") is a 1966 Mexican drama film directed by Julián Soler and starring Dolores del Río. In some countries the film was named "El Hijo de Todas" ("The Son of All"). Title: Pamela Benítez Passage: Pamela Benítez (born May 9, 1991) is a female swimmer from El Salvador. She was the country's flagbearer in the Open Ceremonies of the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games. Title: No More One More Time Passage: "No More One More Time" is a song written by Troy Seals and Dave Kirby, and recorded by the American country music artist Jo-El Sonnier. It was released in February 1988 as the second single from the album "Come On Joe". The song reached number 7 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: Adrian Esquino Lisco Passage: Adrian Esquino Lisco (died September 8, 2007) was an El Salvadoran activist and spiritual chief and advisor to El Salvador's indigenous community. Lisco rose to international prominence during the Salvadoran Civil War when he called attention to human rights atrocities committed against El Salvador's indigenous peoples, who number about 1 percent of the country's 7 million people. Title: Idubina Rivas Passage: Fátima Idubina Rivas Opico (born in August 4, 1994) is a Salvadorian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was appointed Miss Universe El Salvador 2015 and the winner of Reinado de El Salvador in 2013. She represented her country at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant. Title: Lancashire Passage: The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts. In the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century. Title: British Empire Passage: While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976. Title: Fareej el-Hatab Passage: Fareej el-Hatab (Arabic: فريج الحطب، Fareej el-Hatab) is an old district close to the Manama Souq, in the heart of Manama in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It is located adjacent to Fareej el-Makharqa. Along with the other districts in the souq, it formed the core districts of Manama prior to the expansion of the city in the 20th century. Title: El Paso City (1976 Marty Robbins song) Passage: "El Paso City" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Marty Robbins. It was released in March 1976 as the first single and title track from the album "El Paso City". The song was Robbins' 15th number one on the U.S. country singles chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent 11 weeks on the chart. Title: Currency transaction report Passage: A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes. Title: British Empire Passage: In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956.	[ "Fareej el-Hatab", "British Empire" ]
What term is used to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule in the country where Schouwburgplein is located and the country that speaks Dutch?	hogeschool	[]	Title: Dutch language Passage: Unlike other Germanic languages, Dutch doesn't have phonological aspiration of consonants. Like English, Dutch did not participate in the second consonant shift. Like most Germanic languages, the Dutch consonant system did not undergo the High German consonant shift and has a syllable structure that allows fairly complex consonant clusters. Dutch also retains full use of the velar fricatives that were present in Proto-Germanic, but lost or modified in many other Germanic languages. Dutch has final-obstruent devoicing: at the end of a word, voicing distinction is neutralised and all obstruents are pronounced voiceless. For example, goede ("good") is /ˈɣudə/ but the related form goed is /ɣut/. Dutch shares with German Final-obstruent devoicing (Du brood [broːt] and German Brot vs Eng bread). Title: Mont-Tramelan Passage: Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). While the majority of the population speaks German, the German form of the municipality name, "Tramlingen-Berg", is no longer used. Even though it is in the French-speaking part of the canton of Bern, there is a German public school. Title: Tablespoon Passage: A tablespoon is a large spoon used for serving or eating. In many English - speaking regions, the term now refers to a large spoon used for serving, however, in some regions, including parts of Canada, it is the largest type of spoon used for eating. By extension, the term is used as a measure of volume in cooking. In this capacity, it is most commonly abbreviated tbsp or T, and occasionally referred to as a tablespoonful to distinguish it from the utensil. The unit of measurement varies by region: a United States tablespoon is approximately 14.8 ml (0.50 US fl oz), a United Kingdom tablespoon is exactly 15 ml (0.51 US fl oz), and an Australian tablespoon is 20 ml (0.68 US fl oz). The capacity of the utensil (as opposed to the measurement) is not defined by law or custom and bears no particular relation to the measurement. Title: Institute of technology Passage: Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland. Title: Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences Passage: Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (German for "Eastphalia University of Applied Sciences", known as Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel until 2009), is a Fachhochschule in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The predecessor of the college, Staatliche Ingenieurschule Wolfenbüttel (State Engineering School Wolfenbuettel), was founded in 1928. It merged with two other independent institutions in August 1971. Title: Alps Passage: In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer. The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont, pic, dent and aiguille in French speaking regions; and monte, picco or cima in Italian speaking regions. Title: Schouwburgplein (Kortrijk) Passage: The Schouwburgplein ("Theatre Square") is situated in the heart of the city of Kortrijk, Belgium, and is flanked by the municipal theatre ("Stadsschouwburg") and several historic buildings. The rectangular square was formed after the demolition of the old "Lakenhalle" (Clothes Hall) (built in 1411), which was severely damaged by friendly fire in 1944. Title: Dialect Passage: The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλεκτος diálektos, "discourse", from διά diá, "through" and λέγω legō, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena. Title: Dutch language Passage: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period. Title: Dutch language Passage: In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands (``Hollandic ''), West - Vlaams (`` West Flemish''), Brabants (``Brabantian ''). Sometimes Vlaams (`` Flemish'') is used as well to describe Standard Dutch in Flanders. Over time, the Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch Dietsc, Duutsc or Duitsc was used. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, which literarily means ``popular ''or`` belonging to the populace''. In Western Europe the term was used for the language of the local Germanic populace as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, theodisce refers to Anglo - Saxon, the West Germanic dialects of Britain. Although in Britain the name Englisc replaced theodisce on an early age, speakers of West Germanic in other parts of Europe kept on using it as a reference to their local speech. Title: Near East Passage: The geographical terms "Near East" and "Far East" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies of the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Germans, fit together as a pair based on the opposites of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century. Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire. Title: Age of Enlightenment Passage: The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?" ("Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?") the German term became 'Aufklärung' (aufklären = to illuminate; sich aufklären = to clear up). However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent. Terms like "les Lumières" (French), "illuminismo" (Italian), "ilustración" (Spanish) and "Aufklärung" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements. Not until the late nineteenth century did English scholars agree they were talking about "the Enlightenment."	[ "Schouwburgplein (Kortrijk)", "Dutch language", "Institute of technology" ]
Who plays the individual represented by the lamb in the Bible, in the film The Passion of the Christ?	James Patrick Caviezel	[ "Jim Caviezel" ]	Title: Ron Giffin Passage: Ronald Chapman "Ron" Giffin, (born December 1, 1942) is a lawyer and former politician in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Truro-Bible Hill in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1978 to 1993 as a Progressive Conservative member. Title: Grey Passion Passage: The Grey Passion is a series of paintings by Hans Holbein the Elder (1465-1524). Executed between 1494 and 1500, it comprises twelve panels illustrating the Passion of Christ; Holbein's monochrome palette is almost entirely grey. The paintings were purchased by the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, the Stuttgart State Art Gallery in Germany. The State Art Gallery acquired the altarpiece in 2003 for 12 million euros. The restoration of the artworks lasted three years and cost 450 thousand euros. Title: Jim Caviezel Passage: James Patrick Caviezel (born September 26, 1968) is an American actor. He portrayed Jesus Christ in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ. His other notable roles include Private Witt in The Thin Red Line (1998), Detective John Sullivan in Frequency (2000), Jim McCormick in Madison, Catch in Angel Eyes (2001), Johannes in I Am David, Edmond Dantès in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), golfer Bobby Jones in Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius (2004), and Carroll Oerstadt in Déjà Vu (2006). From 2011 until 2016, he starred as John Reese on the CBS science - fiction crime drama series Person of Interest. Title: James Charles Kopp Passage: James Charles Kopp (born August 2, 1954) is an American citizen who was convicted in 2003 for the 1998 sniper-style murder of Barnett Slepian, an American physician from Amherst, New York who performed abortions. Prior to his capture, Kopp was on the FBI's list of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. On June 7, 1999 he had become the 455th fugitive placed on the list by the FBI. He was affiliated with the militant Roman Catholic anti-abortion group known as "The Lambs of Christ". Title: Paul, Apostle of Christ Passage: Paul, Apostle of Christ is a 2018 American biblical drama film written and directed by Andrew Hyatt. It stars James Faulkner as Saint Paul and Jim Caviezel (who portrayed Jesus in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ) as Saint Luke. Title: Tennessee Passage: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville. Title: Brown Bird Passage: Brown Bird was a band from Warren, Rhode Island, formed in 2003 as a solo project by David Lamb. In their final incarnation, the band was the duo of Lamb and his wife MorganEve Swain. The band disbanded in 2014 following Lamb's death from leukemia. Title: The Passion of the Christ Passage: The Passion of the Christ Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Gibson Produced by Bruce Davey Mel Gibson Stephen McEveety Screenplay by Mel Gibson Benedict Fitzgerald Translation: William Fulco Based on The Passion in the New Testament of the Bible and The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ by Anne Catherine Emmerich Starring Jim Caviezel Maia Morgenstern Monica Bellucci Claudia Gerini Sergio Rubini Music by John Debney Cinematography Caleb Deschanel Edited by John Wright Steve Mirkovich Production company Icon Productions Distributed by Newmarket Films Release date February 25, 2004 (2004 - 02 - 25) Running time 126 minutes Country United States Language Aramaic Latin Hebrew Budget $30 million Box office $611.9 million Title: Lamb of God Passage: Lamb of God (Greek: Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, Amnos tou Theou; Latin: Agnus Deī (ˈaŋ. nʊs ˈde. iː)) is a title for Jesus that appears in the Gospel of John. It appears at John 1: 29, where John the Baptist sees Jesus and exclaims, ``Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. '' Title: Sir Matthew Lamb, 1st Baronet Passage: Sir Matthew Lamb, 1st Baronet (1705 – 6 November 1768) was a British barrister and politician. He was the grandfather of Prime Minister William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Title: Henry Hampton Halley Passage: Henry Hampton Halley (April 10, 1874 – May 23, 1965) was an American Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) minister and religious writer. He was best known as author of "Halley's Bible Handbook", first published in 1924. Title: Sports Cartoons Passage: Sports Cartoons is an animated series, produced by Derek Lamb and Janet Perlman's Lamb-Perlman Productions in 1985. The series featured various sports being played by anthropomorphic animals, including cats, dogs, pigs, and hippopotami. Some of these sports included ice hockey, shot put, soccer, American football, and table tennis.	[ "Lamb of God", "Jim Caviezel" ]
Who wrote that the star who has had the most top ten hits is an almost scared feminist icon?	Professor Sut Jhally	[ "Sut Jhally" ]	Title: I Love How You Love Me Passage: ``I Love How You Love Me ''is a song written by Barry Mann and Larry Kolber. It was a 1961 Top Five hit for the pop girl group the Paris Sisters, which inaugurated a string of elaborately produced classic hits by Phil Spector. Bobby Vinton had a Top Ten hit in 1968 with a cover version. The song has been recorded by many other artists over the years. Title: Friends (Aura Dione song) Passage: "Friends" is a song by Danish singer-songwriter Aura Dione from her second studio album, "Before the Dinosaurs". The song features American production team Rock Mafia who co-wrote the song with Dione and David Jost. Dione wrote the song to let her friends know how precious they are to her. "Friends" was released as the album's second single on March 2, 2012. It became Dione's third top ten hit in her native Denmark, where it peaked at number six. "Friends" also became a top ten hit in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Title: R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A. Passage: ``R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A. '', subtitled`` A Salute to 60's Rock,'' is a rock song written and performed by John Mellencamp. It was the third single from his 1985 album Scarecrow and a top - ten hit on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Top Rock Tracks charts. Title: If I Were a Carpenter (song) Passage: In 1966, it was a Top Ten hit for Bobby Darin, reaching number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100. Bobby Darin also had an album If I Were A Carpenter, which contained the song. Title: Armageddon It Passage: "Armageddon It" is a song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard from their 1987 album "Hysteria". It was released as a single in 1988 and went to No. 3 in the U.S. (their fourth U.S. Top Ten hit). Title: My One Temptation Passage: "My One Temptation" was released by 4th & Broadway and Island Records in 1988 and became Mica Paris' biggest hit, reaching the top ten of the UK Singles Chart and US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. It was also a top twenty hit on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (then titled "Hot Black Singles") and Irish Singles charts. Title: Bustin' Out of L Seven Passage: Bustin' Out of L Seven is Rick James' second album on Motown sub-label Gordy Records. Included on the album is the top ten R&B hit, "Bustin' Out (On Funk)". Title: List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones Passage: Number of singles Artist 38 Madonna 36 Elvis Presley † 34 The Beatles 31 Rihanna 29 Michael Jackson 28 Stevie Wonder Mariah Carey 27 Elton John Janet Jackson 24 Drake Title: Napoleon XIV Passage: Jerry Samuels (born Jerrold Samuels on May 3, 1938), known by the stage name Napoleon XIV, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He achieved one-hit wonder status with the Top 5 hit novelty song "They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!" in 1966. Under the name Scott David (his son's name), he co-wrote "As If I Didn't Know" with Larry Kusik, a top 10 hit for Adam Wade in 1961. Samuels also wrote "The Shelter of Your Arms", a top 20 hit for Sammy Davis Jr. in 1964. Title: There You Are (Martina McBride song) Passage: "There You Are" is a song written by Ed Hill, Mark D. Sanders and Bob DiPiero, and recorded by American country music artist Martina McBride. It was released in May 2000 as the third single from her album "Emotion". The song was McBride's twelfth Top Ten hit on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks, and was her first Top 20 hit on the U.S. Adult Contemporary charts. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise "irreverent" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had "started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice." Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as "an almost sacred feminist icon." Title: Go Your Own Way Passage: ``Go Your Own Way ''is a song by the British - American rock band Fleetwood Mac from their eleventh studio album Rumours (1977). It released as the album's first single in December 1976 on both sides of the Atlantic. Written and sung by Lindsey Buckingham, it became the band's first top ten hit in the United States. The album spawned three additional top ten hits, including the band's sole number one hit,`` Dreams''.	[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones" ]
When did the empire that conquered the place that became England begin to fall?	in 376	[ "376" ]	Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H Passage: The winners of Group H, Colombia, advanced to play the runners - up of Group G, England. The runners - up of Group H, Japan, advanced to play the winners of Group G, Belgium. Title: Thornton-in-Craven railway station Passage: Thornton-in-Craven railway station was a railway station that served the small village of Thornton-in-Craven in North Yorkshire (formerly the West Riding of Yorkshire) England. It was built by the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway and opened in 1848. It was simply known as "Thornton" with the "in-Craven" section not being added to the name until 1937. Title: Let England Shake Passage: Let England Shake is the eighth studio album by English singer-songwriter and musician PJ Harvey, released on 14 February 2011 by Island Records. Production began around the time of "White Chalk"s release in 2007, though it is a departure from the piano-driven introspection of that album. "Let England Shake" was written over a two-and-a-half year period, and recorded in five weeks at a church in Dorset during April and May 2010. Title: The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World Passage: Defeat of the Spanish Armada, AD 1588 Excerpt: ``The England of our own days is so strong, and the Spain of our own days is so feeble, that it is not easy, without some reflection and care, to comprehend the full extent of the peril which England then ran from the power and the ambition of Spain, or to appreciate the importance of that crisis in the history of the world. '' Title: Fall of the Western Roman Empire Passage: Relevant dates include 117 CE, when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent, and the accession of Diocletian in 284. Irreversible major territorial loss, however, began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others. In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died, leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire, still plagued by Goths, divided between his two incapable sons. By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus, the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman. Invading barbarians had established their own power in most of the area of the Western Empire. While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. Title: British Isles Passage: Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. Title: Six Nations Championship Passage: Six Nations (2000 -- present) Year Champions Grand Slam Triple Crown Calcutta Cup Millennium Trophy Centenary Quaich Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy Wooden Spoon 2000 England -- -- Scotland England Ireland Not contested Italy 2001 England -- -- England Ireland Scotland Italy 2002 France France England England England Ireland Italy 2003 England England England England England Ireland Wales France France Ireland England Ireland Ireland Scotland 2005 Wales Wales Wales England Ireland Ireland Italy 2006 France -- Ireland Scotland Ireland Ireland Italy 2007 France -- Ireland England Ireland Ireland France Scotland 2008 Wales Wales Wales Scotland England Ireland France Italy 2009 Ireland Ireland Ireland England Ireland Ireland France Italy France France -- -- Ireland Scotland France Italy 2011 England -- -- England Ireland Ireland Italy Italy 2012 Wales Wales Wales England England Ireland France Scotland 2013 Wales -- -- England England Scotland Italy France 2014 Ireland -- England England England Ireland France Italy 2015 Ireland -- -- England Ireland Ireland France Scotland 2016 England England England England England Ireland France Italy 2017 England -- -- England Ireland Scotland France Italy Title: London Passage: Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William constructed the Tower of London, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city, to intimidate the native inhabitants. In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster. Title: History of England Passage: The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo - Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo - Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples, established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present - day England and parts of southern Scotland. They introduced the Old English language, which largely displaced the previous British language. The Anglo - Saxons warred with British successor states in Wales, Cornwall, and the Hen Ogledd (Old North; the Brythonic - speaking parts of northern England and southern Scotland), as well as with each other. Raids by Vikings became frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen settled in large parts of what is now England. During this period, several rulers attempted to unite the various Anglo - Saxon kingdoms, an effort that led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England by the 10th century. Title: Winthrop Fleet Passage: The Winthrop Fleet was a group of 11 ships led by John Winthrop which carried about 1,000 Puritans plus livestock and provisions from England to New England over the summer of 1630, during the period of the Great Migration. Title: Bus Life Passage: Bus Life is an English mini-series that aired on Disney Channel in England from 2003-2004. Each episode airs between ad breaks and lasts around five minutes. It is currently airing in on Disney Channel Australia. Title: Lucas (novel) Passage: Lucas is a 2002 novel by Kevin Brooks about a teenager named Cait who lives on an isolated island off the coast of England and befriends outsider Lucas, eventually falling in love with him only to see the island's prejudices come to life.	[ "British Isles", "History of England", "Fall of the Western Roman Empire" ]
How far to the southeast of Stanford is the headquarters city of The Loughlin/Michaels Group?	20 miles	[]	Title: Hobart Sky Ranch Airport Passage: Hobart Sky Ranch Airport is a public-use airport located two miles (3 km) northwest of the central business district of Hobart, a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. This airport is privately owned by Don Niemeyer. Title: Devil's Courthouse Passage: Devil's Courthouse is a mountain in the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina in the United States of America. The mountain is located at the Western edge of the Pisgah National Forest about 10 miles (16 kilometers) northwest of Brevard and 28 miles (45 kilometers) southwest of Asheville. Located at milepost 422.4 (kilometer 679.8 km) of the Blue Ridge Parkway, the Devil's Courthouse has a moderate/strenuous trail climbing a half mile to its peak where panoramic views can be seen. Title: Olney, Missouri Passage: Olney is an unincorporated community in western Lincoln County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Supplemental Route O, approximately twelve miles northwest of Troy. Title: Woodlands, Manitoba Passage: Woodlands is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Woodlands in the Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 51 kilometers (32 miles) northwest of Winnipeg. Title: Bolton, Massachusetts Passage: Bolton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Bolton is in eastern Massachusetts, located 25 miles west-northwest of downtown Boston. The population was 4,897 at the 2010 census. Title: Geographic center of the United States Passage: Its position as located in a 1918 survey is located at 39 ° 50 ′ N 98 ° 35 ′ W / 39.833 ° N 98.583 ° W / 39.833; - 98.583 (Geographic Center of the Contiguous United States), in Kansas about 2.6 miles (4.2 km) northwest of the center of Lebanon, approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of the Kansas - Nebraska border. Title: LMGPR Passage: LMGPR, The Loughlin/Michaels Group, is a strategic public relations agency founded in 2002 and based in San Jose, CA. LMGPR provides public relations and communications services to technology-based companies both consumer and business to business, and uses a strategic approach to improve client sales, business development and marketing results. The agency is based in the Silicon Valley and has clients worldwide. Title: Austin, Texas Passage: Austin, the southernmost state capital of the contiguous 48 states, is located in Central Texas. Austin is 160 miles (260 km) northwest of Houston, 195 miles (310 km) south of Dallas and 80 miles (130 km) northeast of San Antonio. Title: Stanford University Passage: Most of Stanford University is on an 8,180-acre (12.8 sq mi; 33.1 km2) campus, one of the largest in the United States. It is located on the San Francisco Peninsula, in the northwest part of the Santa Clara Valley (Silicon Valley) approximately 37 miles (60 km) southeast of San Francisco and approximately 20 miles (30 km) northwest of San Jose. In 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped.Stanford's main campus includes a census-designated place within unincorporated Santa Clara County, although some of the university land (such as the Stanford Shopping Center and the Stanford Research Park) is within the city limits of Palo Alto. The campus also includes much land in unincorporated San Mateo County (including the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve), as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park (Stanford Hills neighborhood), Woodside, and Portola Valley. Title: Hockley, Texas Passage: Hockley is an unincorporated community located in Harris County, Texas on Texas State Highway 6 and U.S. Highway 290, approximately five miles southeast of the city hall of Waller, and thirty - six miles northwest of Downtown Houston. Title: Geographic center of the United States Passage: Its position as located in a 1918 survey is located at 39 ° 50 ′ N 98 ° 35 ′ W / 39.833 ° N 98.583 ° W / 39.833; - 98.583 (Geographic Center of the Contiguous United States), about 2.6 miles (4.2 km) northwest of the center of Lebanon, Kansas, approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of the Kansas - Nebraska border. Title: Kamela, Oregon Passage: Kamela is an unincorporated community in Union County, Oregon, United States. It is located west of Interstate 84 about 20 miles northwest of La Grande.	[ "LMGPR", "Stanford University" ]
When was the city where Omry Ronen died founded?	1824	[]	Title: Omri Ben Harush Passage: Omri Ben Harush (; born 7 March 1990) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a right back defender for Lokeren and for the Israeli national team. Title: German Development Institute Passage: Since its founding in 1964, the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) has based its work on the interplay between Research, Consulting and Training. These three areas complement each other and are the factors responsible for the Institute’s distinctive profile. Title: Emma Morano Passage: Emma Martina Luigia Morano (OMRI) (29 November 1899 -- 15 April 2017) was an Italian supercentenarian who, before her death at the age of 117 years and 137 days, was the world's oldest living person whose age had been verified, and the last living person to have been verified as being born in the 1800s. She remains the oldest Italian person ever and the second - oldest European person ever behind Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment. Title: Havat Shikmim Passage: Sharon purchased the ranch in 1972 with the help of a loan from Meshulam Riklis. The ownership of the ranch was turned over to Sharon's sons Omri and Gilad, to avoid conflict of interest when Sharon became Agriculture Minister of Israel and Industry, Trade and Labour Minister of Israel. Title: Green Passage: In the 1980s green became the color of a number of new European political parties organized around an agenda of environmentalism. Green was chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The largest green party in Europe is Alliance '90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) in Germany, which was formed in 1993 from the merger of the German Green Party, founded in West Germany in 1980, and Alliance 90, founded during the Revolution of 1989–1990 in East Germany. In the 2009 federal elections, the party won 10.7% of the votes and 68 out of 622 seats in the Bundestag. Title: Nuremberg Chronicle Passage: Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English-speakers have long referred to it as the "Nuremberg Chronicle" after the city in which it was published. German-speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author. Title: 69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die Passage: 69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Title: Omry Ronen Passage: Omry Ronen (born Imre Szörényi) (July 12, 1937 in Odessa – November 1, 2012 in Ann Arbor) was an American Slavist, known for his works on the Silver Age of Russian Poetry and especially on the poetry of Osip Mandelstam. Title: Die Zeit, die Zeit Passage: Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag. Title: The Indian in the Cupboard (film) Passage: The film starred Hal Scardino as Omri, Litefoot as Little Bear, Lindsay Crouse, Richard Jenkins, Rishi Bhat as Omri's friend Patrick, Steve Coogan as Tommy Atkins, and David Keith as Boone the Cowboy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures (Non-US theatre release, TV broadcast rights and US video release) and Paramount Pictures (US theatre and Non-US video release). Title: Tina Anselmi Passage: Tina Anselmi Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (25 March 1927 – 1 November 2016) was a member of the Italian resistance movement during World War II who went on to become an Italian politician. She was the first woman to hold a ministerial position in an Italian government.	[ "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "Omry Ronen" ]
What culture's arrival in the country where the person who paid for Chopin's funeral invited him is know as the "Davidian Revolution?	Norman	[]	Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them. Title: Normans Passage: Normans came into Scotland, building castles and founding noble families who would provide some future kings, such as Robert the Bruce, as well as founding a considerable number of the Scottish clans. King David I of Scotland, whose elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy, was instrumental in introducing Normans and Norman culture to Scotland, part of the process some scholars call the "Davidian Revolution". Having spent time at the court of Henry I of England (married to David's sister Maud of Scotland), and needing them to wrestle the kingdom from his half-brother Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair, David had to reward many with lands. The process was continued under David's successors, most intensely of all under William the Lion. The Norman-derived feudal system was applied in varying degrees to most of Scotland. Scottish families of the names Bruce, Gray, Ramsay, Fraser, Ogilvie, Montgomery, Sinclair, Pollock, Burnard, Douglas and Gordon to name but a few, and including the later royal House of Stewart, can all be traced back to Norman ancestry. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel, which led him to remark: "The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician, who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art." Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Édouard Wolff (1816–1880) and Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy and aristocratic who paid what Chopin asked for their lessons"—and these factors, as well as his musical genius, also fuelled his contemporary and later reputation. While his illness and his love-affairs conform to some of the stereotypes of romanticism, the rarity of his public recitals (as opposed to performances at fashionable Paris soirées) led Arthur Hutchings to suggest that "his lack of Byronic flamboyance [and] his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional" among his romantic contemporaries, such as Liszt and Henri Herz. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin "felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin "must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation."	[ "Frédéric Chopin", "Normans" ]
Who is the author of the biography with the same name as the most influential recording artist of all time?	Andrew Morton	[]	Title: The Gift of Time Passage: The Gift of Time is an album by French jazz fusion artist Jean-Luc Ponty, released in 1987. It was his first recording for Columbia Records after twelve albums on the Atlantic label. It was reissued on CD in 1991. Title: Nilakantha Somayaji Passage: Nilakantha Somayaji was one of the very few authors of the scholarly traditions of India who had cared to record details about his own life and times. Title: The Punch Line Passage: The Punch Line is the first 12-inch studio album and third record release by influential American punk rock band Minutemen, and the fourth-ever release from SST Records. After their previous release, "Paranoid Time", sold out its 300-copy pressing, Greg Ginn invited the band to record another album. Less than half the length of most LPs, the total playing time for all 18 songs is a mere 15 minutes. The album was an early milestone release for the band and SST. "The Punch Line" hit record store shelves three months after the release of "Joy" although "Joy" was recorded after "The Punch Line". Title: Madonna (book) Passage: Madonna is a biography by English author Andrew Morton, chronicling the life of American recording artist Madonna. The book was released in November 2001 by St. Martin's Press in the United States and in April 2002 by Michael O'Mara Books in the United Kingdom. Morton decided to write a biography on Madonna in 2000. The release was announced in April 2001 by St. Martin's Press. President and publisher Sally Richardson described the biography to contain details about Madonna's ambitions, her relationships and her lifestyle. Title: Tupac Shakur Passage: Shakur is one of the best-selling music artists of all time having sold over 75 million records worldwide. In 2003, MTV's "22 Greatest MCs" countdown listed Shakur as the "Number 1 MC", as voted by the viewers. In 2010, he was inducted to the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry. In 2017, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility. Rolling Stone named Shakur in the list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Title: George Jones and Gene Pitney (Recorded in Nashville!) Passage: George Jones and Gene Pitney (Recorded in Nashville!) is an album by American country music artist George Jones and rock and roll artist Gene Pitney. The album is also known as "It's Country Time Again! Title: Been a Long Time Passage: "Been a Long Time" is a song by Australian recording artist Wes Carr. It was released for digital download on 10 June 2011. Title: Dave Gage Passage: Dave Gage (born 1957) is an American harmonica player and instructor, recording artist, author, and webmaster, known for harmonica web sites and more than twenty-five years of session work in recording studios throughout Southern California. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second best-selling female artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. According to Billboard, Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, earning US $1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990. She was ranked at number two, behind only The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart. Madonna became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Various music journalists, critical theorists, and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time. Author Carol Clerk wrote that "during her career, Madonna has transcended the term 'pop star' to become a global cultural icon." Rolling Stone of Spain wrote that "She became the first viral Master of Pop in history, years before the Internet was massively used. Madonna was everywhere; in the almighty music television channels, 'radio formulas', magazine covers and even in bookshops. A pop dialectic, never seen since The Beatles's reign, which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality." Laura Barcella in her book Madonna and Me: Women Writers on the Queen of Pop (2012) wrote that "really, Madonna changed everything the musical landscape, the '80s look du jour, and most significantly, what a mainstream female pop star could (and couldn't) say, do, or accomplish in the public eye." William Langley from The Daily Telegraph felt that "Madonna has changed the world's social history, has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to." Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art, the likes of which we will never see again. He further asserted that Madonna and Michael Jackson invented the terms Queen and King of Pop. Title: Kanye West Passage: West got his big break in the year 2000, when he began to produce for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records. West came to achieve recognition and is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with his contributions to the rap mogul's influential 2001 album The Blueprint. The Blueprint is consistently ranked among the greatest hip-hop albums, and the critical and financial success of the album generated substantial interest in West as a producer. Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam'ron. He also crafted hit songs for Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson. Title: The Colour of My Dreams (song) Passage: "The Colour of My Dreams" is a song recorded by the American artist B.G., the Prince of Rap. It was released in April 1994 as the second single from their second album "The Time Is Now".	[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "Madonna (book)" ]
What currency is used by the Shades of Truth TV comedy's country?	Hong Kong dollar	[ "HK$", "$", "HKD" ]	Title: Walnut Shade, Missouri Passage: Walnut Shade is an unincorporated community in Taney County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately six miles northwest of Forsyth on U.S. Route 160. The town sits at the confluence of Bull and Bear Creeks. Walnut Shade is part of the Branson, Missouri Micropolitan Statistical Area. Title: History of Chinese currency Passage: Customs gold units (關金圓, pinyin: guānjīnyuán) were issued by the Central Bank of China to facilitate payment of duties on imported goods. Unlike the national currency which suffered from hyperinflation, the CGUs were pegged to the U.S. dollar at 1 CGU = US$0.40. Title: ISO 4217 Passage: ISO 4217 is a standard first published by International Organization for Standardization in 1978, which delineates currency designators, country codes (alpha and numeric), and references to minor units in three tables: Title: Hong Kong dollar Passage: The Hong Kong dollar (Chinese: 港幣; Cantonese Yale: Góng bàih; sign: HK $; code: HKD) is the official currency of Hong Kong. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority is the governmental currency board and also the de facto central bank for Hong Kong and the Hong Kong dollar. Title: Shades of Truth Passage: Shades of Truth (Traditional Chinese: 水滸無間道; literally "Water Margin's Unceasing Path") is a 25-episode television comedy-drama from Hong Kong. Produced by Siu Hin-fai, the drama is a TVB production. The story is a parody on the legendary story of Wu Song from the Chinese classical novel "Water Margin" (水滸傳) and also the 2002 Hong Kong crime-thriller film "Infernal Affairs" (無間道). Title: History of Chinese currency Passage: After the puppet state of Manchukuo was created, the Japanese founded the Central Bank of Manchou on July 1, 1932 in Changchun (長春), then known as Hsinking (新京). While the bank provided commercial functions, it also acted as a central bank and issuer of currency. The Manchukuo yuan was initially set at 1 Manchukuo yuan = 23.91 g silver, but became pegged to the Japanese yen at 1:1 in 1935 after Japan left the gold standard. The currency lasted until the end of World War II. It was replaced by the Northeastern Provinces Yuan issued by the Central Bank of China. Title: Buddhism Passage: The second truth is that the origin of dukkha can be known. Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja). On a deeper level, the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance (Pali: avijja) of the true nature of things. The third noble truth is that the complete cessation of dukkha is possible, and the fourth noble truth identifies a path to this cessation.[note 7] Title: Satyameva Jayate Passage: ``Satyameva Jayate ''(Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते satyam - eva jayate; lit.`` Truth alone triumphs.'') is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Following the independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India in 26 January 1950. It is inscribed in script at the base of the national emblem. The emblem and the words ``Satyameva Jayate ''are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka which was erected around 250 BCE at Sarnath, near Varanasi in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is inscribed on all currency notes and national documents. Title: Buddhism Passage: The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4] Title: Currency transaction report Passage: A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes. Title: History of the taka Passage: The imperial tanka (also called Sultani Tanka) was officially introduced by the monetary reforms of Muhammad bin Tughluq, the emperor of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1329. It was modeled as representative money, a concept pioneered as paper money by the Mongols in China and Persia. The tanka was minted in copper and brass. Its value was exchanged with gold and silver reserves in the imperial treasury. The currency was introduced due to the shortage of metals. Over time, the tanka was minted in silver. However, chaos followed its launch in the 14th century, leading to the collapse of the Tughluq dynasty. The Tughluqs were succeeded by numerous regional states, notably the Bengal Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate and the Gujarat Sultanate. These kingdoms continued to mint the new currency in the name of their own rulers. Even much later under the early modern Mughal Empire, regional currencies were still referred to as tanka / tangka / taka. Title: South African rand Passage: The South African rand (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the currency of South Africa. The rand is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: ``c ''). The ISO 4217 code is ZAR, from Dutch Zuid - Afrikaanse Rand (South African rand). The rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area between South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Namibia, although the latter three countries do have their own currencies.	[ "Hong Kong dollar", "Shades of Truth" ]
Where are the San Juan Mountains, in the state where Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis resided?	northwestern New Mexico	[ "New Mexico" ]	Title: San Juan Bautista District, Ica Passage: San Juan Bautista District is one of fourteen districts of the Ica Province of the Ica Region of Peru. The District 'seat' is the town of San Juan Bautista. Title: La Plata Mountains Passage: The La Plata Mountains are a small subrange of the San Juan Mountains in the southwestern part of Colorado, United States. They are located on the border between Montezuma and La Plata counties, about northwest of Durango. Their name is Spanish for "silver". Title: Deer Harbor, Washington Passage: Deer Harbor is an unincorporated community on Orcas Island in San Juan County, Washington, United States. As with most San Juan Islands communities, Deer Harbor is known for its recreation and tourism, including kayaking, whale watching, and fishing. Many people fish for Dungeness crab, rock crab, and shrimp there. Title: Mission San Juan Bautista Passage: Mission San Juan Bautista is a Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797 by Fermín Lasuén of the Franciscan order, the mission was the fifteenth of the Spanish missions established in present - day California. Named for Saint John the Baptist, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista. Title: Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis Passage: Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis (27 June 1874 – 17 March 1956) was an American botanist and plant collector active in New Mexico. She discovered several plant species and collected numerous plant specimens. Title: Mexican Hat, Utah Passage: Mexican Hat is a census-designated place (CDP) on the San Juan River on the northern edge of the Navajo Nations borders in south-central San Juan County, Utah, United States. The population was 31 at the 2010 census, a sharp decline from the previous two censuses. Title: San Juan, Puerto Rico Passage: San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José. Title: Uncompahgre River Passage: The Uncompahgre River is a tributary of the Gunnison River, approximately 75 mi (121 km) long, in southwestern Colorado in the United States. Lake Como at 12,215 ft (3723m) in northern San Juan County, in the Uncompahgre National Forest in the northwestern San Juan Mountains is the headwaters of the river. It flows northwest past Ouray, Ridgway, Montrose, and Olathe and joins the Gunnison at Confluence Park in Delta. Title: San Juan Mountains Passage: The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The area is highly mineralized (the Colorado Mineral Belt) and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and Telluride. Large scale mining has ended in the region, although independent prospectors still work claims throughout the range. The last large scale mines were the Sunnyside Mine near Silverton, which operated until late in the 20th century and the Idarado Mine on Red Mountain Pass that closed down in the 1970s. Famous old San Juan mines include the Camp Bird and Smuggler Union mines, both located between Telluride and Ouray. Title: Spanish Valley, Utah Passage: Spanish Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, Utah, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 181. But on almost all maps of the area, and especially in local usage, the name identifies the geographic valley that extends south of the city of Moab. The majority of the valley, and the majority of the population living in it, lies within Grand County the northern neighbor to San Juan County. Only the southern-most third of Spanish Valley lies within San Juan County, and it is the least populated. Title: Geography of the United States Passage: On average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was broken by the Mt. Baker Ski Area in northwestern Washington which reported 1,140 inches (2,896 cm) of snowfall for the 1998-99 snowfall season. Other places with significant snowfall outside the Cascade Range are the Wasatch Mountains, near the Great Salt Lake, the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, and the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe. Title: Stewart Peak (Colorado) Passage: Stewart Peak, elevation , is a summit in Colorado. The peak is the second highest thirteener (a peak between 13,000 and 13,999 feet in elevation) in the state. It is located in the La Garita Mountains, sub-range of the San Juan Mountains, in Saguache County, within the La Garita Wilderness. Stewart Peak is the 55th highest peak in Colorado by most standard definitions, just missing the list of Colorado fourteeners. At one time, the peak's elevation was measured to be over 14,000 ft and it was believed to be a fourteener, but more recent and accurate surveys have dropped it below that threshold.	[ "Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis", "San Juan Mountains" ]
Who founded the military branch that Kenneth McLennan was in?	Samuel Nicholas	[]	Title: Bustec Passage: Bustec was founded in 1997, in Ireland by Dr. Fred Bloennigen, current CEO. In 2000 the company opened its branch in the USA. Title: Jeffrey W. Greenberg Passage: Jeffrey Wayne Greenberg (born 1951) is an American lawyer and business executive who served as chairman and CEO of Marsh & McLennan Companies from 1999 to 2004. Title: United States Air Force Passage: The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support. Title: NYAV Post Passage: NYAV Post is an American recording studio located in New York City. It was founded by Michael Sinterniklaas in 2000, with a West Coast branch located in Los Angeles, California. Title: Woodway, Texas Passage: Woodway is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,861 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Eritrean Air Force Passage: The Eritrean Air Force (ERAF) is the official aerial warfare service branch of the Eritrean Defence Forces and is one of the three official uniformed military branches of the State of Eritrea. Title: Ernest Higa Passage: Ernest Higa is an entrepreneur born in Hawaii, who founded the Domino's Pizza franchise in Japan. Ernest Higa graduated from Columbia University, and founded the first branch in Ebisu in September 1984. He is a member of Keizai Dōyukai, a major Japanese business group. In December 2011 he helped Wendy's return to Japan. Title: Throwback (1/3) Passage: "Throwback" (1/3) is a public artwork by American artist Tony Smith, located in the Marsh & McLennan Companies (MMC) Plaza at 1166 Avenue of the Americas in New York City, New York. Title: Kenneth McLennan Passage: Kenneth McLennan (May 31, 1925 – September 20, 2005) was a decorated marine officer with the rank of General. He is most noted for his service as the Assistant Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from 1979 to 1981. In recognition of his distinguished service as Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, he was presented the Distinguished Service Medal by the Commandant of the Marine Corps upon his retirement on July 1, 1981. Title: Broadway Federal Bank Passage: The Broadway Federal Bank is a community bank founded in 1946 and based in Los Angeles. As of 2011, it owned and operated three traditional branches and one loan production office. Title: Soviet Armed Forces Passage: Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik Founded 15 January 1918 Current form 23 February 1946 Disbanded 25 December 1991 Service branches Soviet Army Soviet Air Forces Soviet Navy Soviet Air Defence Forces Strategic Missile Troops Headquarters Moscow, Russian SFSR Leadership Supreme Commander Joseph Stalin (1941 -- 1953) Mikhail Gorbachev (1990 -- 1991) Minister of Defence Joseph Stalin (1946 -- 1947) Yevgeny Shaposhnikov (1991) Chief of the General Staff Aleksandr Vasilevsky (1946 -- 1948) Vladimir Lobov (1991) Manpower Military age 18 -- 27 Conscription 18 Available for military service 92,345,764 (1991), age 18 -- 27 Active personnel 4,230,920 (1991) Expenditures Budget $300 billion (1990) Percent of GDP 15 - 17% (1989) Related articles History Military history of the Soviet Union Ranks Military ranks of the Soviet Union Title: Samuel Nicholas Passage: Samuel Nicholas (1744 – 27 August 1790) was the first officer commissioned in the United States Continental Marines (predecessor to the United States Marine Corps) and by tradition is considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps.	[ "Samuel Nicholas", "Kenneth McLennan" ]
In which township is Hopewell, New Jersey, in the county that also contains the community of Tranquility?	Sparta Township	[]	Title: Municipio XIX Passage: The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Tranquility, New Jersey Passage: Tranquility is an unincorporated community in Green Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served by the United States Postal Service as ZIP code 07879. Title: Georgia-Imeretia Governorate Passage: In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey Passage: Hopewell is an unincorporated community located within Sparta Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1,093 feet (333 m). Title: Bani Walid District Passage: Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Coopers Corner, New Jersey Passage: Coopers Corner is an unincorporated community located within Hopewell Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The settlement is centered about the intersection of County Routes 518 and 579. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.	[ "Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey", "Tranquility, New Jersey" ]
What country is the county-level city located in the city being the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in the country setting the story of Aladdin?	PRC	[ "CHN", "People's Republic of China", "China" ]	Title: Aladdin Passage: The opening sentences of the story, in both the Galland and the Burton versions, set it in China and imply, at least, that Aladdin is Chinese. On the other hand, there is practically nothing in the rest of the story that is inconsistent with a Persian or Arabian setting. For instance, the Sultan is referred to as such rather being called the ``Emperor '', as in some re-tellings, and the people we meet in the story are Muslims: their conversation is larded with devout Muslim platitudes. A Jewish merchant buys Aladdin's wares (and incidentally cheats him), but there is no mention of Buddhists or Confucians (or other distinctively Han Chinese people). Title: The Land Before Time Passage: A television series based on the films began airing on YTV in Canada on January 5, 2007. It consisted of one season of 26 episodes, and officially premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on March 5, 2007, after the DVD release of The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers. The TV series takes place after the events of The Land Before Time XIII: The Wisdom of Friends. It has since been collected and released on 6 DVDs, each containing 4 episodes, in the United States and the UK. Title: Jalsaghar Passage: Jalsaghar ( "Jalsāghar", "The Music Room") is a 1958 Indian Bengali drama film written and directed by Satyajit Ray, based on a popular short story by Bengali writer Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay, and starring Chhabi Biswas. It was the fourth feature film directed by Ray. The shooting was done at Nimtita Raajbari, in Nimtita village, 10 kilometres from Murshidabad. Title: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Passage: On January 15, 2014, directors Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg confirmed that shooting would take place in Puerto Rico and New Orleans and Bruckheimer had previously mentioned that there might be a sequence in Louisiana. However, a spokesman for the Australian Arts Minister George Brandis confirmed that the fifth installment was set to shoot exclusively in Australia after the government agreed to repurpose $20 million of tax incentives originally intended for the remake of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, thus edging out Mexico and South Africa as filming locations. According to Australian film industry sources, on location pre-production started in late September 2014 and its cost is around $250 million. This was officially confirmed by Disney and the Queensland Arts Minister on October 2, 2014, stating that filming will take place exclusively in Queensland, Australia, being the largest production to ever shoot in the country. Village Roadshow Studios and Port Douglas were officially confirmed as filming locations. On January 1, 2015, The Rainbow Gypsy, a 15 - year - old replica of an 1897 Scottish bawley, sailed into the Gold Coast to start the extensive refit, which will include a new bowsprit and reconfigured decks and cabins in order to become the Dying Gull, a single - masted ghost ship. Its captain and owner Kit Woodward was a rigger on the film. Title: The Clue of the Velvet Mask Passage: The Clue of the Velvet Mask is the thirtieth volume in the original "Nancy Drew Mystery Stories" series. It was Mildred Benson's final ghostwrite for the series. The plot and story take place largely in Nancy's hometown of River Heights. Nancy tries to solve a mystery about a gang of event thieves robbing homes during parties, lectures, musicals, and other social occasions planned or catered by Lightner's Entertainment Company. Much of the original story contains elements of dramatic crime dramas; the villains are darker in tone than many other entries in the series. Title: The Shouters Passage: The Shouters, or more properly the Shouters sect (呼喊派), is a label attached by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to an amorphous group within China that was targeted by the government first as counterrevolutionaries and subsequently as a criminal cult after incidents in Dongyang and Yiwu counties in Zhejiang province in February 1982. "The Shouters sect" became the object of waves of arrests in 1983 and again in 1995. Several 1983 publications with ties to the Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) accused the late expatriate Chinese Christian teacher Witness Lee (Li Changshou) of being the leader of "the Shouters sect" and of instigating the disorders. In practice, however, the appellation "the Shouters sect" has been applied far more broadly to many groups that pray openly and audibly and/or do not register or otherwise cooperate with the TSPM. There is considerable reason to doubt the veracity of the reports which led to the condemnation of "the Shouters sect" and the association of them with Witness Lee or the local churches, and the local churches distance themselves from the Shouters. Title: The Shooting Party Passage: The Shooting Party is a 1985 British drama film directed by Alan Bridges and based on the book of the same name by Isabel Colegate. The film is set in 1913 and shows the way of life of English aristocrats, gathered for pheasant shooting and general self-indulgence. Their way of life is contrasted with the local rural poor, who serve as 'beaters', driving the game for the aristocrats to shoot. It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. Title: Marzabotto massacre Passage: The Marzabotto massacre was a World War II war crime consisting in a mass murder of at least 770 civilians by Nazi troops, which took place in the territory around the small village of Marzabotto, in the mountainous area south of Bologna. It was the largest massacre of civilians committed by the Waffen SS in Western Europe during the war. It is also the deadliest mass shooting in the history of Italy. Title: Zhejiang Passage: The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called "China's Hollywood". Title: Hengdian World Studios Passage: Hengdian World Studios () is a film studio located in Hengdian, a Chinese town in the city of Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. It is the largest film studio in the world. The movie studio is operated by the privately owned Hengdian Group founded by Xu Wenrong. Sometimes called "Chinawood", Xu turned acres of farmland in central Zhejiang into one of the largest movie studios in Asia. Construction began in the mid-1990s and has been ongoing ever since with the possible recent addition of the replica of the Old Summer Palace. A film about extras working at the studio, "I Am Somebody", was released in China in 2015. Title: April Showers (2009 film) Passage: April Showers is a 2009 American independent drama film written and directed by Andrew Robinson. It is based on the Columbine High School shootings of which Robinson is a survivor. The film was shot at Plattsmouth High School in Plattsmouth, Nebraska in May 2008. Title: Toomelah (film) Passage: Toomelah is a 2011 Australian drama film written and directed by Ivan Sen and starring Daniel Connors, Christopher Edwards, and Michael Connors. It was shown at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival on 11 May in the Un Certain Regard program, where it received a two-minute long standing ovation. The film's story takes place in Toomelah Station, New South Wales.	[ "Hengdian World Studios", "Aladdin", "The Shouters", "Zhejiang" ]
Who is the minister of local government in the country where the Blanket Mine is located?	Hon July Moyo	[]	Title: Aruna Kumari Galla Passage: Aruna Kumari Galla (born 1 August 1944) is the daughter of former Indian Parliamentarian,social activist Paturi Rajagopala Naidu. She is currently Polit Buro member of the Telugu Desam Party. She was the Minister for Geology and Mines in the Government of Andhra Pradesh, India. and MLA for the Chandragiri constituency. On 8 March 2014, she joined Telugu Desam Party. Title: Blanket on the Ground Passage: ``Blanket on the Ground ''is a song recorded by country music singer Billie Jo Spears. Released in 1975, the song reached # 1 on Billboard Magazine's Hot Country Singles chart, and # 78 on the Hot 100 pop charts. In the United Kingdom, the song reached # 6 on the pop charts. Title: Kencana mine Passage: The Kencana mine is one of the largest gold mines in Indonesia and in the world. The mine is located in the east of the country in North Maluku. The mine has estimated reserves of 4.63 million oz of gold and 6 million oz of silver. Title: Prime minister Passage: The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages. Title: Cabinet of Zambia Passage: Cabinet of Zambia: September 2016 -- Present Portrait Portfolio Incumbent President Commander - in - chief of the Armed Forces H.E. Edgar Lungu Vice President of Zambia H.E. Inonge Wina Minister of Agriculture Dora Siliya Minister of Chiefs and Traditional Affairs Lawrence Sichalwe Minister of Commerce, Trade and Industry Margaret Mwanakatwe Minister of Development planning Lucky Mulusa Minister of Community Development, Mother and Child Health TBA Minister of Defence Davies Chama Minister of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education Dennis Wachinga Minister of Higher Education Nkandu Luo Minister of Finance Felix Mutati Minister of Foreign Affairs Harry Kalaba Minister of Gender Victoria Kalima Minister of Health Chitalu Chilufya Minister of Home Affairs Steven Kampyongo Minister of Information and Broadcasting Services Chishimba Kambwili Minister of Justice Given Lubinda Minister of Labour and Social Security Joyce Nonde - Simukoko Minister of Land, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Jean Kapata Minister of Livestock and Fisheries Micheal Zondani Katambo Minister of Local Government and Housing Vincent Mwale Minister of Mines, Energy and Water Development Christopher Yaluma Minister of National Guidance and Religious Affairs Godfridah Sumaili Minister of Tourism and Arts TBA Minister of Transport and Communications Brian Mushimba Minister of Works and Supply Ronald Kaoma Chitotela Minister of Youth and Sports Moses Mawere Ex officio member Attorney General Title: Blanket Mine Passage: Blanket Mine is a village and mine in the province of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. It is located about 15 km north-west of Gwanda and 140 km south of Bulawayo. The village grew up around the eponymous gold mine and provides a residential and commercial centre. Its population at the time of the 1982 census was 1,346 people. Title: Prime minister Passage: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president. Title: Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development (Zimbabwe) Passage: The Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development is a government ministry, responsible for local government in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Hon July Moyo and the deputy minister is Sesel Zvidzai. It oversees: Title: Buyat Bay Passage: Buyat Bay is small bay on the south coast of Minahassa Peninsula on the north of Sulawesi island of Indonesia. Since 1996, Newmont Mining Corporation under its subsidiary company, PT Newmont Minahasa Raya, has been using the bay as the tailing (mine waste) dumping ground for its gold mining activities. In 2004, local people in the area complained several unusual health problems which further suspected Newmont's for breaching the mining waste level regulation to had contaminated the area with hazardous materials. The Indonesian activist group on environment, WALHI, claimed that Newmont has been dumping 2,000 tonnes of mine waste into the bay daily. A legal case between the government of Indonesia versus one of the company's top executive is still ongoing. Title: Morupule Colliery Passage: The Morupule Colliery is a coal mine located in Palapye, Botswana, and owned and operated by Debswana, a partnership between the government of Botswana and De Beers. Founded in 1973 to supply the Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd copper and nickel mine, operations have expanded considerably since then to supply regional power plants and industries, especially the nearby Morupule Power Station. A small wash plant, with a production capability of 120 tonnes per hour, was commissioned in January 2008 to supply a higher quality coal to local and regional consumers. This project was supported by the Botswana government as a means of stimulating the local economy, producing a less polluting form of coal than the run-of-mine coal, and to provide an alternative to the unsustainable use of wood for cooking and heating. Title: Igabi Passage: Igabi is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is one of 774 local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria. The first confirmed H5N1 (bird flu) outbreak in an African country was on February 8, 2006 on a commercial chicken farm in Jaji, a village in Igabi. Title: City of Broken Hill Passage: The City of Broken Hill is a local government area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area contains an isolated mining city, Broken Hill, located in the outback of New South Wales and is surrounded by the Unincorporated Far West Region. The City is located adjacent to the Silver City and Barrier Highways and the Broken Hill railway line.	[ "Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development (Zimbabwe)", "Blanket Mine" ]
In which county was Daniel Kobialka born?	Essex County	[]	Title: Michael A. Costello Passage: Michael A. Costello (born May 5, 1965 in Lynn, Massachusetts) is a former State Representative for the Massachusetts House of Representatives, who represented the first district of Essex County, Massachusetts. Costello graduated from Salem State University in 1989 with a Bachelor of Science, and from Suffolk University Law School with his Juris Doctor in 1996. Costello served in the House from 2003 to 2014. Title: It Follows Passage: It Follows is a 2014 American horror film written and directed by David Robert Mitchell, and starring Maika Monroe, Keir Gilchrist, Daniel Zovatto, Jake Weary, Olivia Luccardi, and Lili Sepe. The film follows a teenage girl named Jay, who is pursued by a supernatural entity after a sexual encounter. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Daniel Kobialka Passage: Daniel Kobialka (born November 19, 1943 in Lynn, Massachusetts) is an American violinist who played with the Boston Symphony, the Atlanta Symphony, and the San Francisco Symphony orchestras. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Passage: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born in 1875 in Holborn, London, to Alice Hare Martin (1856–1953), an English woman, and Dr. Daniel Peter Hughes Taylor, a Creole from Sierra Leone who had studied medicine in the capital. He became a prominent administrator in West Africa. They were not married, and Daniel Taylor returned to Africa without learning that Alice was pregnant. (Alice Hare Martin's parents were not married at her birth, either.) Alice Martin named her son Samuel Coleridge Taylor after the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge.	[ "Daniel Kobialka", "Michael A. Costello" ]
In which direction would you travel from Simon Henwood's birthplace to reach Southampton?	north-west	[]	Title: The Time Traveler's Wife (film) Passage: The Time Traveler's Wife is a 2009 American romantic science fiction drama film based on Audrey Niffenegger's 2003 novel of the same name. Directed by Robert Schwentke, the film stars Eric Bana, Rachel McAdams, and Ron Livingston. The story follows Henry DeTamble (Bana), a Chicago librarian with a paranormal genetic disorder that causes him to randomly time travel as he tries to build a romantic relationship with Clare Abshire (McAdams), who would become his wife. Title: Simon Henwood Passage: Simon Henwood (born, 31 March 1965 in Portsmouth, England) is a British artist, author, film director, and music video director. Henwood first gained attention as a children's writer and later on for his paintings inspired by adolescence, as well as combining "darkness and hip together". He is best known for directing Kanye West's "Love Lockdown" and being the creative force behind Rihanna's "Rated R" album campaign. Henwood was in a relationship with Irish singer-songwriter Róisín Murphy. Title: Simon Barlow Passage: Simon Barlow is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, and has been played by Alex Bain since 2008. The character was originally played by twins, Jake and Oscar Hartley, on his birth in 2003. Simon is the son of Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) and Lucy Richards (Katy Carmichael), the adoptive son of Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson) and the grandson of Ken Barlow (William Roache). His storylines have included his mother's death, a custody battle between Peter and his maternal grandfather, a custody battle between Peter and Leanne and Simon physically abusing Leanne. Title: Southampton Passage: A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964. Title: My Name Is Jack Passage: ``My Name Is Jack ''is a song written by American record producer John Simon and released as a single by British group Manfred Mann in 1968. Their version reached number 8 on UK record charts. It became an international Top 10 hit, however, in the U.S., the song reached only # 104. Title: Jim Keltner Passage: Jim Keltner Birth name James Lee Keltner (1942 - 04 - 27) April 27, 1942 (age 75) Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. Genres Rock, R&B, jazz Occupation (s) Musician Instruments Drums Years active 1970 -- present Associated acts Traveling Wilburys, Little Village, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker, Ry Cooder, Delaney & Bonnie, Bob Dylan, Carly Simon, Ringo Starr, Gabor Szabo, George Harrison, John Lennon, Steve Miller Band, Harry Nilsson The Waterboys. Title: Southampton Passage: In addition to school sixth forms at St Anne's and King Edward's there are two sixth form colleges: Itchen College and Richard Taunton Sixth Form College. A number of Southampton pupils will travel outside the city, for example to Barton Peveril College. Southampton City College is a further education college serving the city. The college offers a range of vocational courses for school leavers, as well as ESOL programmes and Access courses for adult learners. Title: Sedley, Virginia Passage: Sedley is a census-designated place (CDP) in the middle of Southampton County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 Census was 470. It lies at an elevation of 89 feet (27 m). Title: Anka Wachana (Chumbivilcas) Passage: Anka Wachana (Quechua "anka" black-chested buzzard-eagle or eagle, "wacha" birth, to give birth "-na" a suffix, "where the eagle is born", Hispanicized spelling "Ancahuachana") is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. Its summit reaches about above sea level. Anka Wachana is situated in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Velille District. Title: Southampton Passage: Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian. Title: Southampton Passage: The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League. Title: Southampton Passage: Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.	[ "Simon Henwood", "Southampton" ]
Who plays the author of A Christmas Carol in The Man who Invented Christmas?	Dan Stevens	[]	Title: KMXA-FM Passage: KMXA-FM "Mix 99.9" is an Adult Contemporary radio station in Minot, North Dakota owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. During the Christmas season "Mix 99.9" plays continuous Christmas music. The station begins playing the Christmas music the day after Thanksgiving and runs until Christmas Day. Title: Jingle All the Way Passage: Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Brian Levant. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to purchase a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last-minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve. Title: A Christmas Carol (2006 film) Passage: This version casts the famous Dickens characters as anthropomorphic animals; Ebenezer Scrooge and his relatives are skunks, Bob Cratchit and his family are rabbits, the ghost of Jacob Marley is a cricket, the Ghost of Christmas Past is a stork, the Ghost of Christmas Present is a kangaroo and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a walrus. This version differs from the original novel in many ways; for example, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come actually speaks, while most other versions have him mute. Tiny Tim doesn't die in the possible future revealed to Scrooge, but instead becomes as miserly as he is and Jacob Marley is said to be dead 2 years, unlike the original novel in which he was dead for 7 years. We also see Scrooge's childhood home. Title: Liturgical year Passage: The Christmas season immediately follows Advent. The traditional Twelve Days of Christmas begin with Christmas Eve on the evening of December 24 and continue until the feast of Epiphany. The actual Christmas season continues until the Feast of the Baptism of Christ, which in the present form of the Roman Rite is celebrated on the Sunday after January 6, or the following Monday if that Sunday is Epiphany. Title: Zion's Daughter Passage: "Zion's Daughter" is a 1982 Christmas single by German band Boney M., the second single to be released off their "Christmas Album", released in November 1981. It was a re-worked up-tempo version of Georg Friedrich Händel's "See, the conqu'ring hero comes!" (a song from his oratorio "Judas Maccabaeus") with English lyrics by Fred Jay. The tune of the German advent carol is well known in England as part of Henry Wood's Fantasia on British Sea Songs performed every year at the BBC's Last Night of the Proms concert. Title: Ebbie Passage: Ebbie or Miracle at Christmas: Ebbie's Story is a 1995 TV movie directed by George Kaczender, written by Ed Redlich, and starring Susan Lucci in the title role. It is a gender-reversed retelling of "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens, with a hard-hearted female character in place of the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge. Title: National Football League Christmas games Passage: After the NFL held two Divisional Playoff games on Christmas Day 1971, the league avoided any more games on Christmas Day until 1989. Since then, the NFL has held occasional games on Christmas Day in some years, as part of week 16 or 17 of the regular season. Two games were played each Christmas Day from 2004 to 2006 and then from 2016 to 2017. Title: Christmas Rathri Passage: Christmas Rathri () is a 1961 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by P. Subramaniam and was filmed at Merryland Studio. The film stars T. K. Balachandran, Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair, Soman and Adoor Pankajam in the lead roles. The film had musical score by Br. Lakshmanan. The plot revolves around Advocate George (played by Thikkurissi) and Annie (played by Miss Kumari). While "Christmas" is in the title, the film has very little to do with the holiday, except that the climax of the film occurs on Christmas Eve. Title: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) Passage: The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote A Christmas Carol, and how Dickens's fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real - life father, John Dickens (Pryce). Title: Flappie Passage: Flappie is the name of a Dutch Christmas song written by comedian Youp van 't Hek in 1978. The song became popular in The Netherlands, and it has been played as part of the rotation of Christmas music every year since. Unlike most Christmas music, however, this song has a dark edge running through the song. Title: Jacob Marley Passage: In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836). Title: Christmas Extraordinaire Passage: Christmas Extraordinaire is Mannheim Steamroller's sixth Christmas album overall and the group's fourth Christmas studio album. The album was originally released in 2001. The song "O Tannenbaum" features a lead vocal by Johnny Mathis.	[ "A Christmas Carol (2006 film)", "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)" ]
Who first came to and founded the colony where the Routzahn-Miller Farmstead is?	the English	[ "English" ]	Title: Lewis Kemp House Passage: The Lewis Kemp House is a historic pioneer farmstead in the city of Dayton, Ohio, United States. Built for one of the area's earliest residents, it was a religious center in its first years, while later years saw its expansion to its present form. Now located among much newer houses, it is Dayton's oldest surviving residence, and it has been named a historic site. Title: Plymouth Colony Passage: Plymouth Colony was founded by a group of Puritan Separatists initially known as the Brownist Emigration, who came to be known as the Pilgrims. It was one of the earliest successful colonies to be founded by the English in North America, along with Jamestown and other settlements in Virginia, and was the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region. The colony was able to establish a treaty with Chief Massasoit which helped to ensure its success; in this, they were aided by Squanto, a Native American of the Patuxet people. It played a central role in King Philip's War (1675 -- 78), one of several Indian Wars. Ultimately, the colony was merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691 to form the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Title: Nigerian nationalism Passage: Nigerian nationalism asserts that Nigerians are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Nigerians. Nigerian nationalism is a territorial nationalism, emphasizing a cultural connection of the people to the land -- in particular the Niger and Benue rivers. It first emerged in the 1920s under the influence of Herbert Macaulay who is considered the founder of Nigerian nationalism. It was founded because of the belief in the necessity for the people living in the British colony of Nigeria of multiple backgrounds to unite as one people in order to be able to resist colonialism. The people of Nigeria came together as they recognized the discrepancies of British policy. ``The problem of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria came with the advent of colonialism. This happened when disparate, autonomous, heterogeneous and sub - national groups were merged together to form a nation. Again, the colonialists created structural imbalances within the nation in terms of socio - economic projects, social development and establishment of administrative centres. This imbalance deepened the antipathies between the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria (Nnoli, 1980; Y oung, 1993 and Aluko, 1998). ''The Nigerian nationalists' goal of achieving an independent sovereign state of Nigeria was achieved in 1960 when Nigeria declared its independence and British colonial rule ended. Nigeria's government has sought to unify the various peoples and regions of Nigeria since the country's independence in 1960. Title: History of South Africa Passage: Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. Title: Stephen Miller House Passage: The Stephen Miller House, also known as the Van Wyck-Miller House, is located along the NY 23 state highway in Claverack, New York, United States. It is a wooden farmhouse dating from the late 18th century. Title: Nelson Farm, Nebraska Passage: The Nelson Farm is a historic farmstead in rural Merrick County, in the east central part of the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. Originally settled by Swedish immigrants in 1879, it was expanded and improved over the subsequent eighty years and more, remaining in the founder's family into the fourth and fifth generations. Title: Routzahn-Miller Farmstead Passage: The Routzahn-Miller Farmstead is a historic home and farm complex located at Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a Federal style-influenced brick house and smokehouse, both built about 1825; a later frame out-kitchen / washhouse; a standard Pennsylvania barn; a 20th-century dairy barn and milk house; and a 20th-century equipment shed. The Pennsylvania barn was probably built in the late 19th century and was recently rehabilitated for use as a preschool. The complex is located on a parcel on the east flank of South Mountain. It is representative example of a type of domestic and agricultural grouping which characterized the rural mid-Maryland region from the early 19th century through World War II era. Title: History of Maryland Passage: The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years. Title: Federation of South Arabia Passage: The Federation of South Arabia ( "") was an organization of states under British protection in what would become South Yemen. It was formed on 4 April 1962 from the 15 protected states of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South. On 18 January 1963 it was merged with the Crown colony of Aden. In June 1964, the Upper Aulaqi Sultanate was added for a total of 17 states. A team was sent to the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. The Federation was abolished on 30 November 1967, when its status as a British protectorate came to an end, along with that of the Protectorate of South Arabia, and they became the People's Republic of Southern Yemen. Title: Polio vaccine Passage: The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine. It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US $0.25 per dose for the oral form as of 2014. In the United States it costs between $25 -- 50 for the inactivated form. Title: Curtis-Shipley Farmstead Passage: The Curtis—Shipley Farmstead is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the first land grant in modern Howard County, then Anne Arundel County, to the English settler Adam Shipley in 1688 who settled properties in Maryland as early as 1675. The 500 acre estate was called "Adam the First". Title: Millers Ranch, Butte County, California Passage: Millers Ranch is a former settlement in Butte County, California, United States. It was located northeast of Bangor. A post office operated at Millers Ranch from 1862 to 1865.	[ "History of Maryland", "Routzahn-Miller Farmstead" ]
Who plays Michael Myers in Halloween by the artist who created Foxy Foxy?	Daryl Karolat	[ "Tyler Mane" ]	Title: Halloween (franchise) Passage: Halloween is an American horror franchise that consists of eleven films, as well as novels, comic books, merchandise, and a video game. The franchise primarily focuses on serial killer Michael Myers who was committed to a sanitarium as a child for the murder of his sister, Judith Myers. Fifteen years later, he escapes to stalk and kill the people of the fictional town of Haddonfield, Illinois while being chased by his former psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis. Michael's killings occur on the holiday of Halloween, on which all of the films primarily take place. Title: Ill Na Na Passage: Ill Na Na is the debut studio album by American rapper Foxy Brown, released on November 19, 1996 by Def Jam Recordings. It was reissued on September 29, 1997 in the United Kingdom with an addition of the song "Big Bad Mamma". Brown began working on the album after being discovered by the production team Trackmasters and appearing on a number of singles by other artists, such as LL Cool J, Case and Jay Z. The immediate success of the singles led to a bidding war at the beginning of 1996, and in March, Def Jam Recordings won and signed the then 17-year-old rapper to the label. Mostly produced by Trackmasters, "Ill Na Na" features guest appearances from Blackstreet, Havoc, Method Man, Kid Capri and Jay Z. Lyrically, the album mainly focuses on themes of fashion, sex and mafia. Title: Halloween (1978 film) Passage: Nick Castle as Michael Myers / The Shape Tony Moran as Michael Myers (unmasked) Will Sandin as Michael Myers (age 6) Title: Smokey and the Bandit Passage: Burt Reynolds as Bo Darville (``Bandit '') Sally Field as Carrie (`` Frog'') Jerry Reed as Cledus Snow (``Snowman '') Jackie Gleason as Sheriff Buford T. Justice (`` Smokey'') Mike Henry as Junior Justice Pat McCormick as Big Enos Burdette Paul Williams as Little Enos Burdette Macon McCalman as Mr. B Susan McIver as Hot Pants George Reynolds as Sheriff George Branford Laura Lizer Sommers as Little Beaver Michael Mann as Branford's Deputy Lamar Jackson as Sugar Bear Ronnie Gay as Georgia Trooper Quinnon Sheffield as Alabama Trooper Alfie Wise as Alabama Patrolman Pat Hustis as Tow Truck Driver Ingeborg Kjeldsen as Foxy Lady Ben Jones as Trucker # 1 Joe Klecko as Trucker # 2 Hank Worden as Trucker # 3 Title: Foxy Foxy Passage: "Foxy Foxy" is the first promotional single off Rob Zombie's third solo album "Educated Horses". It features a more hard rock-based sound than his previous releases. The lyrics contain a reference to Lon Chaney, Sr.'s "He Who Gets Slapped". The song can be heard on the April 13, 2006, episode of "The O.C.", entitled "The Dawn Patrol". It was also used for Candice Michelle's Playboy Cover Unveiling on the March 6, 2006 episode of "WWE Monday Night Raw". Title: Justin Myers Passage: Justin Myers (born January 15, 1985 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American soccer player who currently plays for San Diego Flash of the National Premier Soccer League. Title: Godfather Buried Alive Passage: Godfather Buried Alive (stylised as godfather buried alive) is the second studio album by American rapper Shyne. It was released on August 10, 2004 by Def Jam, while Shyne was in the middle of serving a 10-year jail sentence for a 1999 shooting in New York City. The album included 13 tracks, 12 of which were previously recorded vocals, while one was recorded over the phone from jail. It features guest appearances from Kurupt, Nate Dogg, Foxy Brown and Ashanti, and production from Kanye West, Swizz Beats, Mike Dean and Just Blaze, among others. The album debuted at #3 on the "Billboard" 200 with 158,000 copies sold in its first week, making Shyne the second rapper after 2Pac to have an album debut in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 while incarcerated. Title: Halloween (1978 film) Passage: On Halloween night 1963, in Haddonfield, Illinois, 6 - year - old Michael Myers, dressed in a clown costume and mask, stabs his older sister Judith to death with a kitchen knife in their home. Fifteen years later, on October 30, 1978, Michael's child psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis, and his colleague Marion Chambers arrive at Warren County Smith's Grove Sanatarium. Michael escapes from Smith's Grove, stealing the car that was to take him to court. Returning home to Haddonfield, Michael kills a mechanic for his uniform and steals a white mask, a knife and some rope from a local store. Title: Sid Myer Passage: Sid Myer is an Australian businessman and philanthropist with strong associations with ongoing relations between Australia and Asia. He is a grandson of Sidney Myer and Dame Merlyn Myer. Since graduating from Monash University with a Bachelor of Economics and a Graduate Diploma of Marketing, Myer has been exposed to over 25 years of business experience. Title: Hot Spot (song) Passage: "Hot Spot" is the first single released from American female hip-hop artist Foxy Brown's second album "Chyna Doll". It was released in the United States on October 26, 1998. The single was produced by Murder Inc founder Irv Gotti and co-producer Lil' Rob, with lyrics written by Foxy Brown and hip-hop artist Jay-Z. The single received a short-lived buzz and peaked at 91 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was the last time Foxy Brown would make her appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 as a solo artist. Title: Tyler Mane Passage: Daryl Karolat (born December 8, 1966) is a Canadian actor and former professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane. He is known for playing Sabretooth in X-Men and X-Men: The Official Game, Ajax in Troy and Michael Myers in the remake of Halloween and its sequel, Halloween II. Title: Halloween (2007 film) Passage: Halloween is a 2007 American slasher film written, directed, and produced by Rob Zombie. The film is a remake/reimagining of the 1978 horror film of the same name and the ninth installment in the "Halloween" franchise. The film stars Tyler Mane as the adult Michael Myers, Malcolm McDowell as Dr. Sam Loomis, Scout Taylor-Compton as Laurie Strode, and Daeg Faerch as the young Michael Myers. Rob Zombie's "reimagining" follows the premise of John Carpenter's original, with Michael Myers stalking Laurie Strode and her friends on Halloween night. Zombie's film goes deeper into the character's psyche, trying to answer the question of what drove him to kill people, whereas in Carpenter's original film Michael did not have an explicit reason for killing.	[ "Tyler Mane", "Foxy Foxy" ]
Where did the Dakota Tribe live in the state Danebod is located?	central Minnesota	[ "Minnesota" ]	Title: KDLO-FM Passage: KDLO-FM (96.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format serving Watertown, South Dakota, United States. The station is currently owned by Alpha Media, through licensee Digity 3E License, LLC. The 100,000 kilowatt 1600 ft tower is located in Garden City, South Dakota. Title: Crystal Springs, North Dakota Passage: Crystal Springs is an unincorporated community in Kidder County, North Dakota, United States. Crystal Springs is located along Interstate 94 east of Tappen. Title: Internment of Japanese Americans Passage: Internment of Japanese Americans Institutions of the War Relocation Authority in the Midwestern, Southern, and Western United States Date February 19, 1942 -- March 20, 1946 Location Western United States, and parts of Midwestern and Southern United States (show) Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Idaho Iowa Kansas Louisiana Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota Texas Utah Washington Wyoming Title: Danebod Passage: Danebod (pronounced "DAHN-a-bo", or "DAN-a-bo") is a historic district at the south edge of the railway town of Tyler in southwestern Minnesota. Founded in 1885 by Danish Evangelical Lutherans led by Rev. Hans Jørgen Pedersen (1851–1905), the district comprises a group of buildings dating back to 1888 from Minnesota's oldest Danish immigrant settlement. Danebod remains until this day a predominantly Danish Lutheran, close-knit religious community. An annual celebration named Æbleskiver Days, held on the fourth weekend of July, celebrates Danish heritage and culture and includes a parade that goes down the town's main street with floats that are made by the various Danebod neighborhoods. Title: Montana Passage: Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north. Title: SoDak Con Passage: SoDak Con formerly called SoDak Anime Convention, is an annual three-day anime convention held during May/June at the Rushmore Plaza Civic Center in Rapid City, South Dakota. The name of the convention comes from the state that the convention is located in, South Dakota. Title: Swan Lake (South Dakota) Passage: Swan Lake, South Dakota is a small natural lake located north-northwest of the city of Viborg, South Dakota. The lake is surrounded by cabins and is used for recreational purposes. Title: Captain's Landing Township, Morton County, North Dakota Passage: Captain's Landing Township is a township in Morton County, North Dakota, United States. Its population as of the 2000 Census was 153. It is located east of Mandan, North Dakota along the Missouri River, between Interstate 94 and the Bismarck Expressway. Title: Internment of Japanese Americans Passage: Japanese American Exclusion and Internment Concentration camps and other institutions of the War Relocation Authority in the western United States Date February 19, 1942 -- March 20, 1946 Location Western United States, and parts of Midwestern and Southern United States (show) Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Idaho Hawai `i Iowa Kansas Louisiana Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New Mexico North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota Texas Utah Washington Wyoming Prisoners Between 110,000 and 120,000 Japanese Americans living in the West Coast Title: Dakota people Passage: The Eastern Dakota are the Santee (Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ - athi; ``knife ''+`` encampment'', ''dwells at the place of knife flint''), who reside in the eastern Dakotas, central Minnesota and northern Iowa. They have federally recognized tribes established in several places. Title: Arapaho Passage: By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes: the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes. Title: Ludlow, South Dakota Passage: Ludlow is an unincorporated rural hamlet in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is located on Federal Highway 85 about 12 miles north of Buffalo, the Harding County seat, and 6 miles south of the North Dakota border. Although not tracked by the Census Bureau, Ludlow has been assigned the ZIP code of 57755.	[ "Dakota people", "Danebod" ]
What is the highest elevation in the region that was the Tangs biggest rival?	Mount Everest	[ "Everest" ]	Title: Tibet Passage: Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,900 metres (16,000 ft). The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, earth's highest mountain rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level. Title: Cigarette Rock Passage: Cigarette Rock is a summit in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, in the United States. With an elevation of , Cigarette Rock is the 799th highest summit in Montana. Title: List of mountain peaks of the Caribbean Passage: Of the 20 highest major summits of the Caribbean, only Pico Duarte exceeds 3000 meters (9843 feet) elevation, six peaks exceed 2000 meters (6562 feet), and 15 peaks exceed 1000 meters (3281 feet) elevation. Title: List of U.S. states and territories by elevation Passage: Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points. Title: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Passage: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), also commonly known as Emperor Ming of Tang or Illustrious August, personal name Li Longji, also known as Wu Longji () from 690 to 705, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 713 to 756 CE. His reign of 43 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. In the early half of his reign he was a diligent and astute ruler. Ably assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue, he was credited with bringing Tang China to a pinnacle of culture and power. Emperor Xuanzong, however, was blamed for over-trusting Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and An Lushan during his late reign, with Tang's golden age ending in the Anshi Rebellion. Title: Dalhousie Mountain Passage: Dalhousie Mountain is a Canadian peak in the Cobequid Mountains and the highest elevation point in Pictou County, Nova Scotia. Title: Vesulspitze Passage: The Vesulspitze is a mountain of the Samnaun Alps, located near Ischgl in Austria. With an elevation of 3,089 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit of the Samnaun Alps north of the Zeblasjoch. Title: Abul Kasim (mountain) Passage: Abul Kasim is a mountain in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this mountain has an elevation of above sea level. It is the highest point in Seru woreda. Title: Li Jiji Passage: Li Jiji (李繼岌) (d. May 28, 926), formally the Prince of Wei (魏王), nickname Hege (和哥), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Tang. He was Later Tang's founder Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (Li Cunxu)'s oldest son, and was commonly regarded at the time to be Emperor Zhuangzong's heir apparent. As such, he served as the titular commander of Later Tang's campaign to destroy its neighbor Former Shu, albeit with the major general Guo Chongtao in effective control. After Later Tang conquered Former Shu, however, under the command of his mother Empress Liu, Li Jiji killed Guo, leading to a chain reaction of mutinies that doomed Later Tang. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China. Title: Monte Solaro Passage: Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri. Title: Stewart Peak (Colorado) Passage: Stewart Peak, elevation , is a summit in Colorado. The peak is the second highest thirteener (a peak between 13,000 and 13,999 feet in elevation) in the state. It is located in the La Garita Mountains, sub-range of the San Juan Mountains, in Saguache County, within the La Garita Wilderness. Stewart Peak is the 55th highest peak in Colorado by most standard definitions, just missing the list of Colorado fourteeners. At one time, the peak's elevation was measured to be over 14,000 ft and it was believed to be a fourteener, but more recent and accurate surveys have dropped it below that threshold.	[ "Tibet", "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" ]
What is the original language of the film whose title mentions a kiss from the actress who starred in To Save Her Soul?	Russian	[]	Title: Batman (1966 film) Passage: Batman (often promoted as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 American superhero film based on the Batman television series, and the first full - length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character Batman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin. The film hit theaters two months after the last episode of the first season of the television series. The film includes most members of the original TV cast, with the exception of Lee Meriwether as Catwoman, the character previously played by Julie Newmar in two episodes of the series' first season. Title: The Conmen in Vegas Passage: The Conmen in Vegas is a 1999 Hong Kong action comedy film produced, written and directed by Wong Jing and is a sequel to the 1998 film, "The Conman". The film stars original returning cast members Andy Lau and Nick Cheung with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu, Alex Man and Jewel Lee in her debut film role. The film was partially filmed in the Caesars Palace Resort, Las Vegas. Title: The Bill Jefferson Show Passage: The Bill Jefferson Show is a television program featuring traditional country music and airing on WPXR-TV, the ION network affiliate in Roanoke, Virginia. The program is filmed in Rocky Mount, Virginia, the beginning of the "crooked road" which is an area known for its contribution to traditional American music. The show airs in 39 regions encompassing central and southwest Virginia as well as parts of West Virginia and North Carolina. Notable is the fact that it is reminiscent of the early days of country and western music with cast members dressed in country/western attire and the use of instrumentation such as steel guitar, banjo and fiddle. Title: Julie Payne (actress, born 1946) Passage: Julie Kathleen Payne (born September 11, 1946) is an American television, film and stage actress who, in a career lasting over four decades, has specialized primarily in comedy roles as well as voice acting. She was a cast member in three short-lived network sitcoms during 1983–86, and appeared in about twenty feature films and over a hundred episodes of TV series as well as providing voices for scores of TV animated shows. Title: Kiss (band) Passage: On August 9, 1995, Kiss joined the long line of musicians to perform on MTV Unplugged. The band contacted Criss and Frehley and invited them to participate in the event. Both joined Kiss on stage for several songs at the end of the set: "Beth", "2000 Man", "Nothin' to Lose" and "Rock and Roll All Nite". The Unplugged appearance set off months of speculation that a possible reunion of the original Kiss lineup was in the works. In the weeks following the Unplugged concert, however, the band (with Kulick and Singer), returned to the studio for the first time in three years to record a follow-up to Revenge. Carnival of Souls: The Final Sessions was completed in February 1996, but its release was delayed for almost two years. Bootleg copies of the album circulated widely among fans. While Kiss continued to exist publicly as Simmons, Stanley, Kulick and Singer, arrangements for a reunion of the original lineup were in the works. These efforts culminated with a public event as dramatic as any the band had staged since their 1983 unmasking on MTV. With the following statements, Tupac Shakur introduced the original Kiss lineup, in full makeup and Love Gun-era stage outfits, to a rousing ovation at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards: Title: Empty Nest Passage: The show's theme song was ``Life Goes On '', written by John Bettis and George Tipton and performed by Billy Vera. For the first three seasons, the song was presented in a slower, more melancholy yet comical arrangement. The original opening titles sequence showed Harry Weston taking Dreyfuss for a walk around town, with still images of the other regular cast members shown as they were credited. Title: The Rocky Horror Picture Show Passage: The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman. The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien, who is also a member of the cast. The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, with music, book, and lyrics by O'Brien. The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s. Along with O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon, and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre, and Belasco Theatre productions. Title: A Kiss from Mary Pickford Passage: A Kiss From Mary Pickford () is a 1927 Soviet silent comedy film made in directed by Sergei Komarov and co-written by Komarov and Vadim Shershenevich. The film, starring Igor Ilyinsky, is mostly known today because of a cameo by the popular film couple Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. The footage of the couple was shot during their visit to the USSR, with the couple knowingly participating as a gesture towards the Russian film industry. Title: SportsCafe Passage: SportsCafe is a New Zealand sports TV show. The show's original run was hosted by Lana Coc-Kroft, Marc Ellis, Leigh Hart, Graeme Hill, Ric Salizzo and reporter Eva Evguenieva. In 2001 Leigh Hart was added to the cast under his persona of 'That Guy'. Title: The Golden Hum Passage: The Golden Hum is the third and final studio album by American band Remy Zero, released in 2001, produced for Elektra Records. The album became popular for the song "Save Me", which was featured as the theme song for the TV show "Smallville" on The CW. The song "Perfect Memory" was featured in two other episodes of the show (in seasons 1 and 4). "Perfect Memory" was also used in the film "The Invisible". Title: To Save Her Soul Passage: To Save Her Soul is a 1909 American short silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Mary Pickford. The film was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey when many of the early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based there at the beginning of the 20th century. Title: Lost in Space Passage: Lost in Space 1967 publicity photo showing cast members Angela Cartwright, Mark Goddard, Marta Kristen, Bob May (Robot), Jonathan Harris, June Lockhart, Guy Williams and Billy Mumy Genre Science fiction Created by Irwin Allen Starring Guy Williams June Lockhart Mark Goddard Marta Kristen Billy Mumy Angela Cartwright Jonathan Harris Bob May Dick Tufeld Narrated by Dick Tufeld Theme music composer John Williams Composer (s) John Williams Herman Stein Richard LaSalle Leith Stevens Joseph Mullendore Cyril Mockridge Alexander Courage Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 83 (list of episodes) Production Producer (s) Irwin Allen Cinematography Frank G. Carson Gene Polito Winton Hoch Running time 51 minutes Production company (s) Irwin Allen Productions Van Bernard Productions Jodi Productions 20th Century Fox Television CBS Distributor 20th Television Release Original network CBS Picture format black and white (1965 -- 1966) color (1966 -- 1968) Audio format mono Original release September 15, 1965 -- March 6, 1968 Chronology Related shows Lost in Space (1998 film) Lost in Space (2018 TV series)	[ "To Save Her Soul", "A Kiss from Mary Pickford" ]
In what year was the psychologist who founded functional psychology born?	1842	[]	Title: Functional psychology Passage: William James is considered to be the founder of functional psychology. Although he would not consider himself as a functionalist, nor did he truly like the way science divided itself into schools. John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, Harvey A. Carr, and especially James Rowland Angell were the main proponents of functionalism at the University of Chicago. Another group at Columbia, including notably James McKeen Cattell, Edward L. Thorndike, and Robert S. Woodworth, were also considered functionalists and shared some of the opinions of Chicago's professors. Egon Brunswik represents a more recent, but Continental, version. The functionalists retained an emphasis on conscious experience. Title: Ganado Unified School District Passage: Ganado Unified School District is located in Ganado, Arizona, Apache County. The district includes four schools: Ganado High School, Ganado Middle School, Ganado Intermediate School and Ganado Primary School. Ganado Primary School is known for effectively using a holistic approach to language and culture and as "one of the best examples of a school culture that supports professional development". Title: American Festival for the Arts Passage: American Festival for the Arts (AFA) was founded in 1993 by composer and arts advocate, J. Todd Frazier. AFA's function is to provide community based music education programs and performance opportunities for young people and, through its concert series and outreach, to broaden the audience for both American works and the Classical music repertory. AFA has a series of year-round initiatives and collaborations that support its primary Summer Music Conservatory program. AFA's Houston campus, currently located at Pershing Middle School, is designed for musicians and composers ranging in age from elementary to high school. Title: Kevin McLaughlin Passage: Kevin McLaughlin (born 20 September 1984) is a retired professional rugby union player from Ireland. He attended the primary school Kildare Place National School and was educated at secondary level at Gonzaga College. Title: Jehovah's Witnesses Passage: A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics. Title: Nkuutu Memorial Secondary School Passage: Nkuutu Memorial Secondary School (NKUMESCO) is a government aided school in Iganga, Uganda. It is a church founded school and was first established as "Busesa girls" working together with "Busesa boys" on the opposite side of the road (now Busesa Mixed Primary School). As the need for a secondary school arose it was expanded into a secondary school and was named in memory of Hon. Shaban Kirunda Nkuutu who was brutally killed during Idi Amin's regime. Title: San Miguel Academy Passage: The San Miguel Academy is a private Catholic high school institution located in Masantol, Pampanga, Philippines. Founded in 1946, the school was established by prominent citizens of the town in order to provide quality education to young people who completed their primary education. The name of the school is in honor of the Archangel Michael. Title: Empiricism Passage: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.) Title: Aradhe Passage: Aradhe is a town in the Isoko North Local Government Area (LGA), Isoko region of Delta State, Nigeria. The town has an estimated population of 20,000 inhabitants. Aradhe has a primary school called Aradhe Primary School founded in 19XX and a secondary school called Aradhe Grammar School founded in 19xx. The inhabitants of Aradhe are friendly and accommodating. Title: St Paul's College, Walla Walla Passage: St Paul's College is a coeducational day and boarding school providing secondary schooling in Walla Walla, New South Wales, Australia. It is a member school of Lutheran Education Australia, a network of 85 schools and 42 kindergarten/early childhood centres educating approximately 38,000 students Australia wide, and it forms part of the Riverina group of Lutheran schools together with Lutheran Primary School Wagga Wagga, St Paul's Lutheran Primary School Henty, St John's Primary School Jindera and Victory Lutheran College Wodonga (Victoria). Title: Glia (journal) Passage: Glia is a Monthly peer reviewed scientific journal covering research on the structure and function of neuroglia. It was established in 1988 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The founding and current editors-in-chief are Bruce R. Ransom (University of Washington School of Medicine) and Helmut Kettenmann (Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine). Title: Nowa Omoigui Passage: Nowa Omoigui attended Corona primary school, St Saviors Primary School, and St Mary's Primary School, all in Lagos, Nigeria. For his secondary education, Nowa Omoigui Federal Government College, Warri, and King's College, Lagos. For his undergraduate education, he studied at the University of Ibadan where he graduated with an MBBS with distinction.	[ "Functional psychology", "Empiricism" ]
What is the least popular official language in the country where a spiral viaduct is located in Karin Thomas' birthplace?	Romansh	[]	Title: Togo Passage: Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages. Title: Quax the Crash Pilot Passage: Quax the Crash Pilot (German: Quax, der Bruchpilot) is a 1941 German comedy film directed by Kurt Hoffmann and starring Heinz Rühmann, Karin Himboldt and Lothar Firmans. It is also sometimes translated as Quax the Test Pilot. It features the popular song "Homeland, Your Stars". Title: Brusio spiral viaduct Passage: A signature structure of the World Heritage-listed Bernina railway, it is located near Brusio, in the Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland, and was built to limit the railway's gradient at that location within its specified maximum of 7%. Title: Åsa Sandlund Passage: Åsa Karin Sandlund (born 11 May 1979 in Linköping, Östergötland) is a former freestyle swimmer from Sweden, who competed for her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There she was a member of the women's 4×200 m freestyle relay team that ended up in ninth place, teaming up with Louise Jöhncke, Josefin Lillhage, and Johanna Sjöberg. Title: Dutch language Passage: Outside of the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia,[n 1] while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined.[n 2] The Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa have evolved into Afrikaans, a mutually intelligible daughter language[n 3] which is spoken to some degree by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia.[n 4] Title: Switzerland Passage: Switzerland has four official languages: principally German (63.5% total population share, with foreign residents, in 2013); French (22.5%) in the west; and Italian (8.1%) in the south. The fourth official language, Romansh (0.5%), is a Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern trilingual canton of Graubünden, and is designated by Article 4 of the Federal Constitution as a national language along with German, French, and Italian, and in Article 70 as an official language if the authorities communicate with persons who speak Romansh. However, federal laws and other official acts do not need to be decreed in Romansh. Title: Karin Thomas Passage: Karin Thomas (born 3 October 1961 in Brusio) was a Swiss cross country skier who competed from 1982 to 1988. She finished sixth in the 4 x 5 km relay at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo and fourth in that same event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. Title: Premier League Passage: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal. Title: Alsace Passage: The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly. Title: Indian English Passage: Indian English is any of the forms of English characteristic of India. English is the only official language in some states of India and is a lingua franca in the country. Title: Norfolk Island Passage: Islanders speak both English and a creole language known as Norfuk, a blend of 18th-century English and Tahitian. The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists travel to the island and more young people leave for work and study reasons; however, there are efforts to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents. In 2004 an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made it a co-official language of the island. The act is long-titled: "An Act to recognise the Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) as an official language of Norfolk Island." The "language known as 'Norf'k'" is described as the language "that is spoken by descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island". The act recognises and protects use of the language but does not require it; in official use, it must be accompanied by an accurate translation into English. 32% of the total population reported speaking a language other than English in the 2011 census, and just under three-quarters of the ordinarily resident population could speak Norfuk. Title: Glenfinnan Viaduct Passage: The Glenfinnan Viaduct is a railway viaduct on the West Highland Line in Glenfinnan, Inverness-shire, Scotland. Located at the top of Loch Shiel in the West Highlands of Scotland, the viaduct overlooks the Glenfinnan Monument and the waters of Loch Shiel.	[ "Karin Thomas", "Brusio spiral viaduct", "Switzerland" ]
Live of the performer of On the Avenue at Montreux: Cookin' with the record label of the artist writing the lyrics of Love and Happiness is what genre?	jaz	[ "jazz music", "Jazz", "jazz" ]	Title: Assemblage 23 Passage: Assemblage 23 is an electronic act from the United States, currently based in Seattle. It was founded in 1988 by Tom Shear who writes the music and lyrics and does the recording himself. Live performances are supported by Paul Seegers on keyboards and Mike Jenney on drums. Title: Swiss Movement Passage: Swiss Movement is a soul jazz live album recorded on June 21, 1969 at The Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland by the Les McCann trio with saxophonist Eddie Harris and trumpeter Benny Bailey. The album was a hit record, as was the accompanying single ``Compared to What '', with both selling millions of units. Title: Lay It Down (Al Green album) Passage: Lay It Down is the 29th studio album by American recording artist Al Green, released May 27, 2008, on Blue Note Records. The album was produced by Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson of The Roots and James Poyser. Four tracks feature guest artists, two with Anthony Hamilton, and one each with John Legend and Corinne Bailey Rae. "Lay It Down" is Green's first Top 10 Album since 1973, and, according to Metacritic, has received widespread acclaim from critics. "Stay With Me (By the Sea)" won Al Green and John Legend a Grammy award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group given in 2009. Title: Happy Ground Passage: Happy Ground is the second album by American jazz vibraphonist Johnny Lytle which was recorded in 1961 for the Jazzland label. The album was later reissued on the Riverside label in 1963. Title: My Way Passage: ``My Way ''German vinyl release Single by Frank Sinatra from the album My Way B - side`` Blue Lace'' Released 1969 Recorded December 30, 1968, Los Angeles Genre Traditional pop Length 4: 35 Label Reprise Songwriter (s) Claude François and Jacques Revaux; English lyrics by Paul Anka Producer (s) Sonny Burke Title: Make You Feel My Love Passage: ``Make You Feel My Love ''Single by Bob Dylan from the album Time Out of Mind Released September 30, 1997 Recorded January 1997 Genre Blues rock Length 3: 32 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bob Dylan Producer (s) Daniel Lanois Title: Love and Happiness Passage: "Love and Happiness" is a 1972 song by Al Green from his album "I'm Still in Love with You". Green co-wrote the song with Teenie Hodges. It was released as a single in the United Kingdom on London Records in 1973 and in the United States on Hi Records in 1977. It has been covered by Etta James, Al Jarreau, and many other performers. Title: On the Avenue (album) Passage: On the Avenue is the third studio album by American organist Ronnie Foster recorded in 1974 and released on the Blue Note label. Title: Live at the North Sea Jazz Festival, 1980 (Freddie Hubbard album) Passage: Live at the North Sea Jazz Festival is a live album by jazz musician Freddie Hubbard released on the Pablo label which features performances by Hubbard, David Schnitter, Billy Childs, Larry Klein and Sinclair Lott recorded at the North Sea Jazz Festival, The Hague, the Netherlands on July 12, 1980. Title: Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux Passage: Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux is a live album by American jazz organist Ronnie Foster recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1973 and released on the Blue Note label. Title: 30th Anniversary Tour: Live Passage: 30th Anniversary Tour: Live is the fourth live album by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was recorded on May 4, 2004 at the Royal Concert Hall in Nottingham, England, and on October 19, 2004 on the Eagle Records label. The performance was also released on DVD, and as a CD/DVD collectors' edition. Title: Happy Days (TV theme) Passage: ``Happy Days ''Single by Pratt & McClain from the album Pratt & McClain Featuring Happy Days Released 1976 Format Vinyl, 7``, Single Recorded 1976 Genre Rock, Stage & Screen Length 2: 40 Label Reprise Records Songwriter (s) Charles Fox, Norman Gimbel Producer (s) Steve Barri, Michael Omartian Pratt & McClain singles chronology ``String Module Error: Match not found'' (1976)`` Happy Days ''(1976) ``Devil with a Blue Dress On'' (1976)`` Whachersign ''(1976) ``Happy Days'' (1976)`` Devil with a Blue Dress On ''(1976)	[ "Love and Happiness", "On the Avenue (album)", "Lay It Down (Al Green album)", "Ronnie Foster Live: Cookin' with Blue Note at Montreux" ]
What is the main subject of biographies of the composer of Piano Sonata No. 14?	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	[ "Mozart" ]	Title: Horn Sonata (Beethoven) Passage: Ludwig van Beethoven composed his Horn Sonata in F major, Op. 17 in 1800 for the virtuoso horn player Giovanni Punto. It was premiered with Punto as the soloist, accompanied on the piano by Beethoven himself in Vienna on April 18, 1800. Title: Jimmy Blythe Passage: James Louis Blythe (May 20, 1901 – June 14, 1931) was an American jazz and boogie-woogie pianist and composer. Blythe is known to have recorded as many as 300 piano rolls, and his song "Chicago Stomp" is considered one of the earliest examples of boogie-woogie music to be recorded. Title: Piano Sonata No. 6 (Mozart) Passage: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 6 in D major, K. 284 / 205b, (1775) is a sonata in three movements: Title: Biographies of Mozart Passage: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died after a short illness on 5 December 1791, aged 35. His reputation as a composer, already strong during his lifetime, rose rapidly in the years after his death, and he became (as he has remained to this day) one of the most celebrated of all composers. Title: Structures (Boulez) Passage: Structures I (1952) and Structures II (1961) are two related works for two pianos, composed by the French composer Pierre Boulez. Title: Piano Sonata No. 6 (Beethoven) Passage: Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 6 in F major, Op. 10, No. 2, was dedicated to the Countess Anne Margarete von Browne, and written from 1796 to 1798. Title: Seasons of Love Passage: "Seasons of Love" is a song from the Broadway musical "Rent", written and composed by Jonathan Larson. The song starts with an ostinato piano motif, which provides the harmonic framework for the cast to sing "Five hundred twenty-five thousand, six hundred minutes" (the number of minutes in a common year [60 minutes × 24 hours × 365 days]). The main instruments used throughout the song are piano, vocals, guitar, organ, bass and drums. Title: Synval Silva Passage: Synval Silva (Juiz de Fora, March 14, 1911 - Rio de Janeiro, April 14, 1994) was a singer and Brazilian composer. Its main successes were recorded by Carmen Miranda. Title: Piano Sonata No. 14 (Mozart) Passage: The piano sonata was composed during the approximately 10-year period of Mozart's life as a freelance artist in Vienna after he removed himself from the patronage of the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1781. It is one of the earliest of only six sonatas composed during the Vienna years, and was probably written either as a teaching tool or for personal use. Sonatas during this time were generally written for the domestic sphere – as opposed to a symphony or concerto, they were designed to convey ideas in a small, intimate setting. Title: Amédée Méreaux Passage: Amédée Méreaux (full name Jean-Amédée Lefroid de Méreaux) (Paris, 17 September 1802 – Rouen, 25 April 1874) was a French musicologist, pianist, and composer. He was the author of "Les clavecinistes de 1637 à 1790", written from 1864 to 1867, which had essays on the composers it mentioned. His grandfather, Nicolas-Jean Lefroid de Méreaux (1745–1797), was a composer of operas and oratorios, while his father, Jean-Nicolas Lefroid de Méreaux, was an organist and pianist and was a composer of piano sonatas. He was a friend of Frédéric Chopin. Title: Florentina Mallá Passage: Florentina Mallá (14 July 1891 – 7 June 1973) was a Czech composer and pianist. She studied piano with Josef Jiránek at the Prague Conservatory, graduating in 1913 and later studied composition privately with Vítězslav Novák. She suspended her work as a composer during the communist years. Her works include didactic piano compositions, a sonatina and preludium for piano and about fifty songs. She died in Prague. Title: Johanna Senfter Passage: Johanna Senfter was born and died in Oppenheim. From 1895 she studied composition under Iwan Knorr, violin under Adolf Rebner, piano under Karl Friedberg and organ at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main. This gave her a considerable amount of musical training when in 1908 she became a student of Max Reger in Leipzig. She composed nine symphonies, 26 orchestral works and concertos for piano, violin, viola, and cello. Senfter was a masterful composer of fugue. Altogether she left behind 134 works.	[ "Piano Sonata No. 14 (Mozart)", "Biographies of Mozart" ]
What state is the downtown of where Killing of a Sacred Deer was filmed located in?	Ohio	[ "OH" ]	Title: Trummer Passage: Trummer is an uninhabited island in the River Fergus in County Clare located between Deer Island and Coney Island, Ireland. Title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer Passage: As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital. It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods. The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School. Title: Hall, New York Passage: Hall is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ontario County, New York, United States, near the city of Geneva, along State Route 14A in the Town of Seneca. Located in the Finger Lakes region, Hall has a fire department and a post office with a downtown zip code of 14463, though the urbanized area extends beyond this. Hall also has various agricultural enterprises, including a John Deere tractor dealer, a seed production company (Seedway), and a fertilizer company (Hall Fertilizer Corp.). Seedway, a subsidiary of Growmark, serves the entire Northeast and is headquartered in Hall. Title: Upper Deer Lake Passage: Upper Deer Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the Boulder Mountains in Sawtooth National Recreation Area. While no trails lead to the lake, it is most easily accessed from trails 111 or 215. It is located just south and upstream of Lower Deer Lake. Title: Cincinnatian Hotel Passage: The Cincinnatian Hotel is a registered historic building in Downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on March 3, 1980. Title: Deer Plain, Illinois Passage: Deer Plain is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Illinois, United States. Deer Plain is located in southeastern Calhoun County near the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. It was named Deer Plain because it was common to see deer grazing in the area. Title: Deer Creek, Arizona Passage: Deer Creek is a census-designated place in Gila County in the state of Arizona. Deer Creek is located almost directly between the community of Tonto Basin and the town of Payson near Arizona State Route 87. The population as of the 2010 U.S. Census was 216. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Deer High School Passage: Deer High School (DHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in Deer, Arkansas, United States. DHS provides secondary education for approximately 95 students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of four public high schools in Newton County and one of two high schools administered by the Deer/Mount Judea School District. Title: Deer Crossing, California Passage: Deer Crossing is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located southeast of Dunlap, at an elevation of 3150 feet (960 m). Title: Deer, Arkansas Passage: Deer is an unincorporated community in Newton County, Arkansas, United States. Deer is located on Arkansas Highway 16, south of Jasper. Deer has a post office with ZIP code 72628.	[ "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "Cincinnatian Hotel" ]
When was the country whose flag Madonna rubbed between her thighs declared a US territory?	1898	[]	Title: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Passage: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Painting of the Declaration, painted by Jean - Jacques - François Le Barbier Author General Lafayette, (sometimes with Thomas Jefferson) and Honoré Mirabeau. Country Kingdom of France Language French Genre Human rights, declaration and document. Publisher National Constituent Assembly Publication date 27 August 1789 Title: University of Michigan School of Public Health Passage: According to the US News & World Report's report on graduate programs, the University of Michigan School of Public Health was ranked as the # 4 School of Public Health in the country and also had the # 1 Healthcare Management program in the country in 2011. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Madonna released and performed the song "Hey You" at the London Live Earth concert in July 2007. She announced her departure from Warner Bros. Records, and declared a new $120 million, ten-year 360 deal with Live Nation. In 2008, Madonna produced and wrote I Am Because We Are, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians; it was directed by Nathan Rissman, who worked as Madonna's gardener. She also directed her first film, Filth and Wisdom. The plot of the film revolved around three friends and their aspirations. The Times said she had "done herself proud" while The Daily Telegraph described the film as "not an entirely unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hang on to her day job." On March 10, 2008, Madonna was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility. She did not sing at the ceremony but asked fellow Hall of Fame inductees and Michigan natives The Stooges to perform her songs "Burning Up" and "Ray of Light".Madonna released her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, in April 2008. Containing R&B and urban pop influences, the songs on Hard Candy were autobiographical in nature and saw Madonna collaborating with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate "Danja" Hills. The album debuted at number one in 37 countries and on the Billboard 200. Caryn Ganz from Rolling Stone complimented it as an "impressive taste of her upcoming tour", while BBC correspondent Mark Savage panned it as "an attempt to harness the urban market". Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over. Title: 51st state Passage: Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999. Title: History of printing in East Asia Passage: Printing in East Asia evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tables in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC -- 220 CE). Mechanical woodblock printing on paper started in China during the Tang dynasty before the 8th century CE. Use of woodblock printing quickly spread to other East Asian countries. While the Chinese used only clay and wood movable type at first, use of metal movable type was pioneered in Korea by the 13th century. The Western - style printing press became known in East Asia by the 16th century but was not fully adopted until centuries later. Title: Declaration of war by the United States Passage: The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war. Title: List of islands by area Passage: Rank Landmass Area (km) Area (sq mi) Country or countries Afro - Eurasia 85,000,000 33,000,000 Various Americas 42,300,000 16,300,000 Various Antarctica 14,000,000 5,400,000 None (various countries have territorial claims) Australia 7,600,000 2,900,000 Australia Title: Union Jack Passage: The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. The flag also has an official or semi-official status in some other Commonwealth realms: for example, it is a ceremonial flag in Canada by parliamentary resolution, and known there as the Royal Union Flag. Further, it is used as an official flag in some of the smaller British overseas territories. The Union Flag also appears in the canton (upper left - hand quarter) of the flags of several nations and territories that are former British possessions or dominions, as well as the state flag of Hawaii. Title: Flag of South Africa Passage: The flag of South Africa was adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928. The new national flag, designed by the then State Herald of South Africa Frederick Brownell, was chosen to represent the country's new democracy after the end of apartheid. Title: Baseball rubbing mud Passage: Before the use of rubbing mud, baseballs were rubbed in a mixture of water and infield soil, but this method usually discolored the ball's leather surface. Other alternatives at the time were tobacco juice, shoe polish, and soil from under stadium bleachers. They were able to successfully take off the sheen from baseballs, but at the same time, they also damaged and scratched the ball's leather. While Lena Blackburne was a third - base coach for the Philadelphia Athletics baseball team, an umpire complained to him about the method used at the time, prompting Blackburne in 1938 to set out in search of better mud to use to rub against baseballs. Later that decade, Blackburne discovered the rubbing mud's location (said to be ``near ''Palmyra, New Jersey) and founded the company that he used to sell it. According to the company, the entire American League used the mud soon after its discovery, and by the 1950s, it was in use by every major league team, along with some minor league and college teams.	[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "History of Puerto Rico" ]
How many square miles of land is the capitol of the state where Wellesley college is in Mona Lisa Smile?	48.4 square miles	[]	Title: Mona Lisa Smile Passage: Mona Lisa Smile is a 2003 American drama film produced by Revolution Studios and Columbia Pictures in association with Red Om Films Productions, directed by Mike Newell, written by Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal, and starring Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, Julia Stiles and Maggie Gyllenhaal. The title is a reference to the "Mona Lisa", the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci, and to the song of the same name, originally performed by Nat King Cole, which was covered by Seal for the movie. Julia Roberts received a record $25 million for her performance, the highest ever earned by an actress at that time. Title: Sydney Passage: Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. Title: Boston Passage: Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline. Title: Raleigh, North Carolina Passage: Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014. It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County. Title: Geography of Puerto Rico Passage: The geography of Puerto Rico consists of an archipelago located between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands. The main island of Puerto Rico is the smallest and most eastern of the Greater Antilles. With an area of 3,515 square miles (9,104 km), it is the third largest island in the United States and the 82nd largest island in the world. Various smaller islands and cays, including Vieques, Culebra, Mona, Desecheo, and Caja de Muertos comprise the remainder of the archipelago with only Culebra and Vieques being inhabited year - round. Mona is uninhabited through large parts of the year except for employees of the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources. Title: Boston Passage: In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics. Title: Mona Lisa Passage: The Mona Lisa (/ ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə /; Italian: Monna Lisa (ˈmɔnna ˈliːza) or La Gioconda (la dʒoˈkonda), French: La Joconde (la ʒɔkɔ̃d)) is a half - length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as ``the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world ''. The Mona Lisa is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962, which is worth nearly $800 million in 2017. Title: Funafuti Passage: Funafuti is an atoll and the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 6,025 people, making it the country's most populated atoll, with 56.6 percent of Tuvalu's population. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres (66 and 1,312 feet) wide, encircling a large lagoon (Te Namo) 18 km (11 miles) long and 14 km (9 miles) wide. The average depth in the Funafuti lagoon is about 20 fathoms (36.5 metres or 120 feet). With a surface of 275 square kilometres (106.2 sq mi), it is by far the largest lagoon in Tuvalu. The land area of the 33 islets aggregates to 2.4 square kilometres (0.9 sq mi), less than one percent of the total area of the atoll. Cargo ships can enter Funafuti's lagoon and dock at the port facilities on Fongafale. Title: Mona Lisa Passage: The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world." The "Mona Lisa" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 (equivalent to $ million in ). Title: Great Plains Passage: The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier "closed" in 1893. Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile (0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer). There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region. In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities. The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable, and there has been a proposal - the "Buffalo Commons" - to return approximately 139,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of these drier parts to native prairie land. Title: Mona Lisa Smile Passage: In 1953, Katherine Ann Watson (Julia Roberts), a 30 - year - old graduate student in the department of Art History at UCLA, takes a position teaching ``History of Art ''at Wellesley College, a conservative women's private liberal arts college in Massachusetts. At her first class, Katherine discovers that her students have already memorized the entire textbook and syllabus, so she uses the classes to introduce them to Modern Art and encourages discussion about topics such as what makes good art. Katherine comes to know her students and seeks to inspire them to achieve more than marriage to eligible young men. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.	[ "Mona Lisa Smile", "Boston" ]
In which county was The Black Lillies founded?	Knox County	[]	Title: Knoxville City-County Building Passage: The Knoxville City-County Building is a building at 400 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee that houses the offices of the city government of Knoxville and the county government of Knox County, Tennessee. It also houses the Knox County Jail. The building stands ten stories, and contains of office space. At the time it was built it was said to be the largest office building in Tennessee. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: KXQQ-FM Passage: KXQQ-FM is a commercial radio station located in Henderson, Nevada, broadcasting in the Las Vegas, Nevada area on 100.5 FM. KXQQ-FM airs a rhythmic hot AC format, billed as "Q100.5." Owned by Entercom, the station's studios are located in the unincorporated Clark County area of Spring Valley, while KXQQ-FM's transmitter is atop Black Mountain in Henderson. Title: Lilly Arbor Project Passage: The Lilly Arbor Project is a part of an experimental riparian floodplain reforestation and ecological restoration program, located along the White River in Indiana, in the eastern United States. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Black Dome Mountain Passage: Black Dome Mountain is the most northerly summit of the Camelsfoot Range, which lies along the west side of the Fraser River, north of Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada. It is an ancient butte-like volcano located in the formation known as the Chilcotin Group, which lie between the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains and the mid-Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada. Title: The Black Lillies Passage: The Black Lillies are an Americana band from Knoxville, Tennessee that was founded in early 2009 by Cruz Contreras (formerly of Robinella and the CCstringband). Their present lineup includes Contreras (lead vocals, guitar, keys, mandolin), Sam Quinn (formerly of The Everybodyfields) on bass, Bowman Townsend on percussion, and Dustin Schaefer on electric guitar and vocals. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: KWNR Passage: KWNR is a commercial radio station located in Henderson, Nevada, broadcasting to the Las Vegas Valley area on 95.5 FM. KWNR airs a country music format. Its studios are in Las Vegas a mile west of the Strip and its transmitter is on Black Mountain in Henderson.	[ "The Black Lillies", "Knoxville City-County Building" ]
When did Y. pestis reach the country of citizenship of Oberon, the Faery Prince's author?	1349	[]	Title: Black Death Passage: A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis have been put forward. Twigg suggested that the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor (2001) thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics. Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague similar to Ebola. Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats in the archaeological record of the medieval waterfront in London and that the plague spread too quickly to support the thesis that the Y. pestis was spread from fleas on rats; he argues that transmission must have been person to person. However, no single alternative solution has achieved widespread acceptance. Many scholars arguing for the Y. pestis as the major agent of the pandemic suggest that its extent and symptoms can be explained by a combination of bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others point to additional septicemic (a type of "blood poisoning") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs before the rest of the body) forms of the plague, which lengthen the duration of outbreaks throughout the seasons and help account for its high mortality rate and additional recorded symptoms. In 2014, scientists with Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London, as well as of wills registered in London during the period, which supported the pneumonic hypothesis. Title: HMS Otus (S18) Passage: HMS "Otus" was a Royal Navy "Oberon"-class submarine launched in 1962. She was decommissioned in the early 1990s and is now a naval museum in Germany. Title: Federico Degetau Passage: Federico Degetau y González (December 5, 1862 – February 20, 1914) was a Puerto Rican politician, lawyer, writer, author, and the first Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to the United States House of Representatives. Title: Black Death Passage: In October 2010, the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death following the disputed identification by Drancourt and Raoult in 1998. They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences. The authors concluded that this new research, together with prior analyses from the south of France and Germany, ". . . ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages". Title: The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers Passage: The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers, sometimes called The Lady of the Lake, is a masque or entertainment written by Ben Jonson in honour of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the son and heir of King James I of England. The speeches were performed on 6 January 1610 in conjunction with the ceremony known as Prince Henry's Barriers. Title: Telman Ismailov Passage: Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia. Title: Holger Danske (opera) Passage: Holger Danske (Ogier the Dane) is the title of a 1789 Syngespil opera based on the Oberon myth, with music by F.L.Æ. Kunzen and a Danish libretto by Jens Baggesen. Title: Black Death in England Passage: The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century. Title: Albano Carrisi Passage: Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country. Title: Oberon, the Faery Prince Passage: Oberon, the Faery Prince was a masque written by Ben Jonson, with costumes, sets and stage effects designed by Inigo Jones, and music by Alfonso Ferrabosco and Robert Johnson. "Oberon" saw the introduction to English Renaissance theatre of scenic techniques that became standard for dramatic productions through the coming centuries. Title: Roses Are Red Passage: The origins of the poem may be traced at least as far back as to the following lines written in 1590 by Sir Edmund Spenser from his epic The Faerie Queene (Book Three, Canto 6, Stanza 6): Title: Black Death Passage: The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. These clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347 and spread through France over the next two years, eventually reaching England in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype responsible for the pandemic that spread through the Low Countries from 1350 differed from that found in Britain and France, implying Bergen op Zoom (and possibly other parts of the southern Netherlands) was not directly infected from England or France in 1349 and suggesting a second wave of plague, different from those in Britain and France, may have been carried to the Low Countries from Norway, the Hanseatic cities or another site.	[ "The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers", "Black Death", "Oberon, the Faery Prince" ]
Who did the performer of Innocent play in The Lorax?	Audrey	[]	Title: The Innocence Project Passage: The Innocence Project is a television drama series created by BBC Northern Ireland and first broadcast on BBC One on 9 November 2006. Title: Les nuits d'été Passage: Les nuits d'été ("Summer Nights"), Op. 7, is a song cycle by the French composer Hector Berlioz. It is a setting of six poems by Théophile Gautier. The cycle, completed in 1841, was originally for soloist and piano accompaniment. Berlioz orchestrated one of the songs in 1843, and did the same for the other five in 1856. The cycle was neglected for many years, but during the 20th century it became, and has remained, one of the composer's most popular works. The full orchestral version is more frequently performed in concert and on record than the piano original. The theme of the work is the progress of love, from youthful innocence to loss and finally renewal. Title: Innocence (Pontiak album) Passage: Innocence is 10th album of American neo-psychedelic rock band Pontiak released on January 28, 2014. It had relatively positive reception from critics by scoring 73 on Metascore. Ryan J. Prado from Paste Magazine says ""Pontiak" and "ballad" were probably never supposed to be in the same sentence together, but the band's insistence on its soft side for even a few songs is an exciting prospect that makes Innocence a diamond in the rough." Title: The End of the Innocence (song) Passage: ``The End of the Innocence ''is the lead single and title track from Don Henley's third solo studio album of the same name, released in 1989. Henley co-wrote and co-produced the song with Bruce Hornsby, who also performed piano; both artists perform the song live in their respective concerts. Henley's version peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his fifth solo top ten hit on the chart.`` The End of the Innocence'' also became his fourth number - one single on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and peaked at number two on the Hot Adult Contemporary chart. The song features Wayne Shorter on saxophone. Title: The Lorax (film) Passage: The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer - animated musical fantasy -- comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once - ler. The cast includes Zac Efron as Ted, Danny DeVito as the Lorax, and Ed Helms as the Once - ler. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White). Title: Jan Baz Passage: Jan Baz Khan is a citizen of Afghanistan who allegedly turned over innocent men to American troops in the beginning of the war in Afghanistan. Title: John, King of England Passage: Innocent gave some dispensations as the crisis progressed. Monastic communities were allowed to celebrate Mass in private from 1209 onwards, and late in 1212 the Holy Viaticum for the dying was authorised. The rules on burials and lay access to churches appear to have been steadily circumvented, at least unofficially. Although the interdict was a burden to much of the population, it did not result in rebellion against John. By 1213, though, John was increasingly worried about the threat of French invasion. Some contemporary chroniclers suggested that in January Philip II of France had been charged with deposing John on behalf of the papacy, although it appears that Innocent merely prepared secret letters in case Innocent needed to claim the credit if Philip did successfully invade England. Title: Ed Helms Passage: Edward Parker Helms (born January 24, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is known for his work as a correspondent on The Daily Show as well as playing Andy Bernard in the U.S. version of The Office, the Once - ler in The Lorax (2012), Stuart Price in The Hangover trilogy, and Mr. Krupp / Captain Underpants in Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017). Title: Innocent (Taylor Swift song) Passage: "Innocent" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album, "Speak Now" (2010). Allegedly written in response to Kanye West's interruption of her acceptance speech at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, Swift performed the song at the following year's ceremony as a means of putting the controversy behind them. The song achieved moderate critical and commercial success, debuting at #53 and #27 on the Canadian Hot 100 and "Billboard" Hot 100, respectively, following the release of "Speak Now". Title: Searching for Bobby Fischer Passage: Searching for Bobby Fischer, released in the United Kingdom as Innocent Moves, is a 1993 American drama film written and directed by Steven Zaillian. The film was Zaillian's directorial debut, and stars Max Pomeranc, Joe Mantegna, Joan Allen, Ben Kingsley and Laurence Fishburne. It is based on the life of prodigy chess player Joshua Waitzkin, played by Pomeranc, and adapted from the book of the same name by Joshua's father Fred. Title: The Lorax (TV special) Passage: Eddie Albert - Narrator Bob Holt - The Lorax, Mr. Once - Ler Athena Lorde - Ms. Funce - ler, Harlen Carraher - Humming Fish Thurl Ravenscroft - Singer Matt Bennison - Ted Title: Fearless (TV series) Passage: Fearless is a six - part British crime thriller television drama series, created by screenwriter Patrick Harbinson. The series follows human rights lawyer Emma Banville (Helen McCrory), as she attempts to prove convicted murderer Kevin Russell innocent of the murder of schoolgirl Linda Simms 14 years ago. Kevin proclaims his innocence of the crime, and Emma, believing a miscarriage of justice has occurred, goes to extreme lengths to discover the truth.	[ "Innocent (Taylor Swift song)", "The Lorax (film)" ]
Where in the country where Sevindikli is located is the blue mosque located?	Istanbul	[]	Title: Hassan II Mosque Passage: The Hassan II Mosque (, ) is a mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. It is the largest mosque in Africa, and the 5th largest in the world. Its minaret is the world's second tallest minaret at . Completed in 1993, it was designed by Michel Pinseau and built by Bouygues. The minaret is 60 stories high topped by a laser, the light from which is directed towards Mecca. The mosque stands on a promontory looking out to the Atlantic Ocean; worshippers can pray over the sea but there is no glass floor looking into the sea. The walls are of hand-crafted marble and the roof is retractable. A maximum of 105,000 worshippers can gather together for prayer: 25,000 inside the mosque hall and another 80,000 on the mosque's outside ground. Title: Atiq Mosque, Awjila Passage: The Atiq Mosque (also called the Great Mosque, or al-Kabir mosque) () is a mosque in the oasis village of Awjila, in the Sahara desert of the Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya. The community dates back to classical times. Since being taken by the Arabs in the seventh century, Islam has always played a central role in the life of Awjila. The 12th-century mosque, the oldest in the region, has unusual conical domes made of mudbrick and limestone that provide light and ventilation. Title: Üç Şerefeli Mosque Passage: The Üç Şerefeli Mosque was commissioned by Ottoman sultan Murad II (1421–1444,1446– 1451), and built between 1438 and 1447. It is located in the historical center of the city, close to the Selimiye Mosque and Old Mosque. The name refers to unusual minaret with three balconies (Turkish: üç şerefeli).The architect of the mosque is not known. It is built of Burgaz limestone with a main dome that is 24 m in diameter. When first built the dome was the largest in any Ottoman building. The mosque was severely damaged by fire in 1732 and by an earthquake in 1748 but was repaired on the order of Mahmut I.The two blue and turquoise underglaze-painted tile panels in the tympana of the windows were probably produced by the same group of tilemakers who had decorated the Yeşil Mosque (1419–21) in Bursa where the tiles are signed as "the work of the masters of Tabriz" (ʿamal-i ustadan-i Tabriz). The running pattern of the Chinese influenced floral border tiles is similar to those in the small Muradiye Mosque in Edirne.In the Şakaiki Numaniye Taş Köprü Zade relates how 'Certain accursed ones of no significance' were burnt to death by Mahmut Paşa who accidentally set fire to his beard in the process. Title: Sevindikli, Nazilli Passage: Sevindikli, Nazilli is a village in the District of Nazilli, Aydın Province, Turkey. As of 2010 it had a population of 459 people. Title: Islamic Cultural Center of New York Passage: The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first mosque built in New York City. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive, is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location. Title: Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore Passage: Grand Jamia Mosque Lahore () is a mosque located in Bahria Town, Lahore, Pakistan. With a capacity of 80,000 worshippers, it is the third largest mosque in Pakistan and the fourteenth largest mosque in the world. Title: Al-Aqsa Mosque Passage: Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى ‎ ‎ Al - Masjid al - 'Aqṣā, IPA: (ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsʕɑ) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash - Sharif (`` the Noble Sanctuary''), or the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al - Aqsa during the Night Journey. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba. Title: Sultan Ahmed Mosque Passage: The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site. Title: Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren) Passage: The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline. Title: Mosque of the Martyrs Passage: The Mosque of the Martyrs (), also popularly known as the Turkish Mosque, is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan, near the Martyrs' Lane. The mosque was built in the beginning of the 1990s with assistance of the Turkish government. The mosque currently is used as an official residence of religious attaché of the Turkish embassy. The mosque has been under construction since 2009. Title: Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque Passage: Chinese Mosque, Rantau Panjang or Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque and Beijing Mosque (Malay: Masjid China, Rantau Panjang or Masjid Jubli Perak Sultan Ismail Petra and Masjid Beijing) is a Chinese-style mosque in Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The mosque resembles the 1,000-year-old Niujie Mosque in Beijing, China. Title: Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque Passage: The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque, (), is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood, Serencebey rise of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey. A late Ottoman period mosque, it is constructed as a külliye consisting of a tekke, guest house, türbe, fountain, and library in addition to the mosque.	[ "Sevindikli, Nazilli", "Sultan Ahmed Mosque" ]
In what city was the rapper who released The Gift born?	San Francisco	[ "San Francisco, California", "San Fran" ]	Title: International Who's Who in Music Passage: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements. Title: Four Seasons Centre Passage: The Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts is a 2,071-seat theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located at the southeast corner of University Avenue and Queen Street West, across from Osgoode Hall. The land on which it is located was a gift from the Government of Ontario. It is the home of the Canadian Opera Company (COC) and the National Ballet of Canada. The building's modernist design by was created by Canadian company Diamond and Schmitt Architects, headed by Jack Diamond. It was completed in 2006. The design includes an unusual glass staircase. Title: Live Earth concert, Antarctica Passage: The Live Earth concert in Antarctica was held at Rothera Research Station, one in a series of Live Earth concerts that took place on July 7, 2007, in all seven continents. The band Nunatak performed as the lone act. Nunatak's performances, though performed in front of only 17 people, were broadcast all over the world. It was the first rock concert ever performed in Antarctica. Title: Birthday cake Passage: In 18th century Germany, the history of candles on cakes can be traced back to Kinderfest, a birthday celebration for children. This tradition also makes use of candles and cakes. German children were taken to an auditorium - like space. There, they were free to celebrate another year in a place where Germans believed that adults protected children from the evil spirits attempting to steal their souls. In those times there was no tradition of bringing gifts to a birthday; guests would merely bring good wishes for the birthday person. However, if a guest did bring gifts it was considered to be a good sign for the person whose birthday it was. Later, flowers became quite popular as a birthday gift. Title: Charity shop Passage: However, it was during the Second World War that the charity shop became widespread. Edinburgh University Settlement opened their 'Thrift Shop for Everyone' on Nicholson Place, Edinburgh in 1937, the Red Cross opened up its first charity shop at 17 Old Bond Street, London in 1941. For the duration of the war, over two hundred ``permanent ''Red Cross gift shops and about 150 temporary Red Cross shops were opened. A condition of the shop licence issued by the Board of Trade was that all goods offered for sale were gifts. Purchase for re-sale was forbidden. The entire proceeds from sales had to be passed to the Duke of Gloucester's Red Cross or the St John Fund. Most premises were lent free of rent and in some cases owners also met the costs of heating and lighting. Title: Andre Nickatina Passage: Andre L. Adams (born March 11, 1970), better known by his stage name Andre Nickatina, is an American rapper from San Francisco, California. He previously performed under the stage name Dre Dog. Title: Beyoncé Passage: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy. Title: Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit Passage: The seven gifts of the Holy Spirit is an enumeration of seven spiritual gifts originating with patristic authors, later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and four other groups of ethical characteristics. They are: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. Title: Benita Valente Passage: Benita Valente (born October 19, 1934), is a distinguished American soprano whose long career has encompassed the operatic stage as well as performance of lieder, chamber music and oratorio. She is especially lauded for her interpretations of Mozart and Handel, but she also excelled in certain Verdi roles. "The New York Times" once referred to her "as gifted a singer as we have today, worldwide." Title: The Gift (Andre Nickatina album) Passage: The Gift is the 13th album and a DVD movie by rapper, Andre Nickatina and directed by Shane Mario Ruggieri. It was released on January 25, 2005, for Fillmoe Coleman Records and featured production from Andre Nickatina, Smoov-E, Tone Capone, Dion Peete, Krushadelic, DJ Pause and the A-T.E.A.M. Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Simple Gifts Passage: The song was largely unknown outside Shaker communities until Aaron Copland used its melody for the score of Martha Graham's ballet Appalachian Spring (Shakers once worshipped on Holy Mount, in the Appalachians), first performed in 1944. Copland used ``Simple Gifts ''a second time in 1950 in his first set of Old American Songs for voice and piano, which was later orchestrated. Many people thought that the tune of`` Simple Gifts'' was a traditional Celtic one but both the music and original lyrics are actually the compositions of Brackett. ``Simple Gifts ''has been adapted or arranged many times since by folksingers and composers.	[ "Andre Nickatina", "The Gift (Andre Nickatina album)" ]
Who wrote The Road to City A where City A is where the character the Wizard of Oz is from?	Robert Ludlum	[]	Title: Bloodstained Oz Passage: Bloodstained Oz is a "Wizard of Oz" related novella by Christopher Golden and James A. Moore, and it was illustrated by Glenn Chadbourne. It was published as a limited edition hardcover by Earthling Publications in 2006. It comes with an introduction by Ray Garton. Title: MGM Grand Las Vegas Passage: When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18, 1993, it was owned by MGM Grand Inc. At that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green ``Emerald City ''color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the casino's main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city. The Emerald City attraction featured an elaborate yellow brick road walk - through, complete with the cornfield, apple orchard, and haunted forest, as well as audio - animatronic figures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wicked Witch of the West. It would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of`` The Wizard's Secrets''. When MGM Grand began its extensive refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino. The store remained open until early 2003. Title: The Road to Omaha Passage: The Road to Omaha is a novel by Robert Ludlum published in 1992. It is a sequel to his earlier book "The Road to Gandolfo". Both are comedic thrillers concerning Army lawyer Sam Devereaux, who gets caught up in the schemes of General MacKenzie "The Hawk" Hawkins. The Hawk is seeking revenge after being unfairly drummed out of the United States Army at the start of the first book. Title: Wicked Witch of the West Passage: The Wicked Witch of the West is a fictional character created by L. Frank Baum as the most significant antagonist in his classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). In Baum's subsequent Oz novels, it is the Nome King who is the principal villain; the Wicked Witch of the West is rarely even referred to again after her death in the first book. Title: Mister Tinker in Oz Passage: Mister Tinker in Oz is an apocryphal Oz book, authored by James Howe and published in 1985 by Random House involving an inventor responsible for Tik-Tok the Clockwork man and Dorothy and their adventure in Oz. Title: Margaret Hamilton (actress) Passage: Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 -- May 16, 1985) was an American film character actress best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer's classic film The Wizard of Oz (1939). Title: Jack Haley Passage: John Joseph Haley Jr. (August 10, 1897 -- June 6, 1979) was an American vaudevillian, stage, radio, and film actor, light comedian, singer and dancer best known for his portrayal of the Tin Man in the classic 1939 MGM film The Wizard of Oz. Title: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Passage: When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard of Oz again, Toto tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room that reveals the Wizard. He sadly explains he is a humbug -- an ordinary old man who, by a hot air balloon, came to Oz long ago from Omaha. The Wizard provides the Scarecrow with a head full of bran, pins, and needles (``a lot of bran - new brains ''), the Tin Woodman with a silk heart stuffed with sawdust, and the Cowardly Lion a potion of`` courage''. Their faith in the Wizard's power gives these items a focus for their desires. The Wizard decides to take Dorothy and Toto home and leave the Emerald City. At the send - off, he appoints the Scarecrow to rule in his stead, which he agrees to do after Dorothy returns to Kansas. Toto chases a kitten in the crowd and Dorothy goes after him, but the tethers of the balloon break and the Wizard floats away. Title: Ruby slippers Passage: Ruby slippers One of the pairs used in The Wizard of Oz (1939), on display at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History Plot element from The Wizard of Oz Publisher Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer First appearance The Wizard of Oz (1939) Created by Gilbert Adrian (costume design) Genre Fantasy fiction In - story information Type Magical slippers Function Able to send Dorothy Gale back home to Kansas after clicking the heels three times Title: Wicked Witch of the West Passage: The Wicked Witch of the West is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the most significant antagonist in his classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). In Baum's subsequent Oz novels, it is the Nome King who is the principal villain; the Wicked Witch of the West is rarely even referred to again after her death in the first book. Title: Tin Woodman Passage: The Tin Woodman (originally known as Nick Chopper) Oz character The Tin Woodman as illustrated by William Wallace Denslow (1900) First appearance The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) Created by L. Frank Baum Portrayed by Jack Haley Information Nickname (s) The Tin Woodman Aliases The Tin Man, Rusty Tin Man Species Former human (in the novels, not in the 1939 MGM film The Wizard of Oz) Gender Male Occupation Ruler of the Winkies Title Emperor Significant other (s) Nimmie Amee Relatives Chopfyt (made with some of his human parts) Nationality Munchkinland Title: Charlie Becker Passage: Karl Becker (November 24, 1887 -- December 28, 1968) billed as Charlie Becker, was a German American actor. He was 3'9 ''in height, and is probably best known for appearing as the Munchkinland Mayor in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Ken Darby dubbed the Mayor's vocals in the film.	[ "The Road to Omaha", "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" ]
When did the country where Jean-Santos Muntubila was born become independent?	1960	[]	Title: History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Passage: After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960. However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with Guinea (formerly French Guinea). Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since independence, and no elected president has successfully served a full five-year term. Title: Dominican War of Independence Passage: The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, then known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, was invaded by Haiti in 1822. Previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, the criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later. Title: Positif (album) Passage: Positif was a 1984 album by Jean-Jacques Goldman, his third solo album sung in French. It was recorded at Studio Gang by Olivier do Espirito Santo and Jean-Pierre Janiaud. It was released by JRG/BMG Music Publishing. It was certified diamond in France for sales of 1,000,000 copies. Title: History of the Dominican Republic Passage: The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa - born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (``the Spanish Island ''), later Latinized to Hispaniola. What would become the Dominican Republic was the Spanish Captaincy General of Santo Domingo until 1821 except for a time as a French colony from 1795 to 1809. It was then part of a unified Hispaniola with Haiti from 1822 until 1844. In 1844, Dominican independence was proclaimed and the republic, which was often known as Santo Domingo until the early 20th century, maintained its independence except for a short Spanish occupation from 1861 to 1865 and occupation by the United States from 1916 to 1924. Title: Zagreb Pride Passage: Zagreb Pride is the LGBT pride march in the city of Zagreb, capital of Croatia, with first taking place in 2002. Zagreb Pride is the first successful pride march that took place in Southeast Europe, and has become an annual event. Zagreb Pride members claim their work is inspired by the Stonewall Riots and Gay Liberation Front. Title: As Time Goes By (TV series) Passage: Jean Mary Hardcastle (née Pargetter, previously Hanson) (Judi Dench) -- Judith's mother who later becomes Lionel's wife. Lionel Hardcastle (Geoffrey Palmer) -- Jean's husband and Rocky's son. Judith ``Judi ''Deacon (née Hanson) (Moira Brooker) -- Jean's daughter, and Sandy's best friend, later Alistair's wife. Alistair Deacon (Philip Bretherton) -- Initially publisher of Lionel's book, then Judith's husband. Sandy Edwards (Jenny Funnell) -- Jean's secretary and receptionist, Judith's best friend and later Harry's wife. Penny Johnson (née Hanson) (Moyra Fraser) -- Jean's sister - in - law (from Jean's first marriage to David). Stephen Johnson (Paul Chapman) -- Penny's husband. Harry (David Michaels and Daniel Ryan) -- Sandy's husband. Mrs. Bale (Janet Henfrey) -- Hardcastle country home housekeeper. Lol Ferris (Tim Wylton) -- Hardcastle country home gardener. Richard`` Rocky'' Hardcastle (Frank Middlemass) -- Lionel's irrepressible father who owns a country home in the Hampshire Countryside, alongside a vast fortune. Madge Darbley - Hardcastle (Joan Sims) -- Rocky Hardcastle's wife, 7 years his junior. Due to the death of actress Joan Sims in 2001, two years ahead of the filming of the reunion specials, she is explained away as having become an archaeologist in Egypt. Title: American Revolution Passage: The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. Title: Jean-Santos Muntubila Passage: He played for AS Bilima Kinshasa, FC Sochaux-Montbéliard, Olympique de Marseille, 1. FC Saarbrücken, SC Bastia, US Valenciennes and ESA Brive. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone. Title: Santo Antônio do Aventureiro Passage: Santo Antônio do Aventureiro is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The population is 3,659 (2015 est.) in an area of 202.03 km². The elevation is 385 m. It became an independent municipality in 1962.	[ "Republic of the Congo", "History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Jean-Santos Muntubila" ]
Who fathered the man who led the first expedition reaching the continent containing Bengaluru by sailing west across the ocean along eastern Russia?	Estêvão da Gama	[]	Title: Vasco da Gama Passage: Vasco da Gama's father was Estêvão da Gama, who had served in the 1460s as a knight of the household of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu. He rose in the ranks of the military Order of Santiago. Estêvão da Gama was appointed "alcaide-mór" (civil governor) of Sines in the 1460s, a post he held until 1478; after that he continued as a receiver of taxes and holder of the Order's commendas in the region. Title: Antarctica Passage: Explorer James Clark Ross passed through what is now known as the Ross Sea and discovered Ross Island (both of which were named after him) in 1841. He sailed along a huge wall of ice that was later named the Ross Ice Shelf. Mount Erebus and Mount Terror are named after two ships from his expedition: HMS Erebus and Terror. Mercator Cooper landed in East Antarctica on 26 January 1853.During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931. In addition, Shackleton and three other members of his expedition made several firsts in December 1908 – February 1909: they were the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau. An expedition led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier. One month later, the doomed Scott Expedition reached the pole. Title: Amundsen's South Pole expedition Passage: The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey. Title: Asia Passage: Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the largest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four - fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma -- Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 48 countries, three of them (Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe. Title: Circumnavigation Passage: The first single voyage of global circumnavigation was that of the ship Victoria, between 1519 and 1522, known as the Magellan -- Elcano expedition. It was a Castilian (Spanish) voyage of discovery, led initially by Ferdinand Magellan between 1519 and 1521, and then by the Basque Juan Sebastián Elcano from 1521 to 1522. The voyage started in Seville, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, and after several stopovers rounded the southern tip of South America where the expedition discovered the Strait of Magellan, named after the fleet's captain. It then continued across the Pacific discovering a number of islands on its way, including Guam before arriving in the Philippines. After Magellan's death in the Philippines in 1521, Elcano took command of the expedition and continued the journey across the Indian Ocean, round the Cape of Good Hope, north along the Atlantic Ocean, and back to Spain in 1522. Elcano and a small group of 18 men were actually the only members of the expedition to make the full circumnavigation. Title: Chronology of European exploration of Asia Passage: The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe. Title: East India Company Passage: Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594. Title: Kon-Tiki expedition Passage: The Kon - Tiki expedition was funded by private loans, along with donations of equipment from the United States Army. Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru, where, with the help of dockyard facilities provided by the Peruvian authorities, they constructed the raft out of balsa logs and other native materials in an indigenous style as recorded in illustrations by Spanish conquistadores. The trip began on April 28, 1947. Heyerdahl and five companions sailed the raft for 101 days over 6,900 km (4,300 miles) across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into a reef at Raroia in the Tuamotus on August 7, 1947. The crew made successful landfall and all returned safely. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs. Title: Continental drift Passage: Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to ``drift ''across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move. Title: History of the west coast of North America Passage: Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America. Title: NLS Debate Passage: The National Law School Debate (NLS Debate) is an annual debating tournament conducted by the Literary and Debating Society of the National Law School of India University, Bangalore, for teams from Universities all over Asia. It is one of the largest inter-varsity Parliamentary Debating tournament in Asia with over 450 participants. The debates is held in the 3-on-3 format.	[ "Vasco da Gama", "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "NLS Debate", "Chronology of European exploration of Asia" ]
Who is the spouse of the star of The Mistress of Shenstone?	Willard Mack	[]	Title: Boss of Bosses Passage: Boss of Bosses is a 2001 American made-for-TV movie about the life of former Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano directed by Dwight H. Little. It stars Chazz Palminteri as Paul Castellano, Patricia Mauceri as his wife Nina, Mark Margolis as Joseph Armone, and Angela Alvarado as his mistress Gloria Olarte. Title: Mare Undarum Passage: Mare Undarum was the location of the second catapult in Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress. The exact location of the catapult was kept secret and was "A matter of Lunar national security." Title: William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton Passage: William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton (c. 1540 – 1606) was the son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven and Margaret Erskine, a former mistress of James V of Scotland. Title: Mistress Pamela Passage: Mistress Pamela is a 1974 British sex comedy drama film directed by Jim O'Connolly and starring Ann Michelle, Dudley Foster, Anna Quayle and Anthony Sharp. It was loosely based on the 1740 novel "Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded" by Samuel Richardson. Title: John, King of England Passage: John's personal life greatly affected his reign. Contemporary chroniclers state that John was sinfully lustful and lacking in piety. It was common for kings and nobles of the period to keep mistresses, but chroniclers complained that John's mistresses were married noblewomen, which was considered unacceptable. John had at least five children with mistresses during his first marriage to Isabelle of Gloucester, and two of those mistresses are known to have been noblewomen. John's behaviour after his second marriage to Isabella of Angoulême is less clear, however. None of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried, and there is no actual documentary proof of adultery after that point, although John certainly had female friends amongst the court throughout the period. The specific accusations made against John during the baronial revolts are now generally considered to have been invented for the purposes of justifying the revolt; nonetheless, most of John's contemporaries seem to have held a poor opinion of his sexual behaviour.[nb 14] Title: The Mistress of Shenstone Passage: The Mistress of Shenstone is a 1921 silent film romance directed by Henry King and starring Pauline Frederick and Roy Stewart based upon the novel by Florence L. Barclay. Title: Cameron Bender Passage: Cameron Frederick Bender (born November 20, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for playing the role of Chilton Chivers in "Goodnight Burbank" and Richard in "Mistresses. Title: The Woman on the Index Passage: The Woman on the Index is a lost 1919 American silent drama film directed by Hobart Henley and starring Pauline Frederick and her then husband playwright Willard Mack. It was Frederick's first film at Goldwyn Pictures after coming over from Paramount. It is based on a 1918 Broadway play, "The Woman on the Index", that starred Julia Dean. Title: October the 31st (The Fall Guy) Passage: "October the 31st" is an episode of the American television series "The Fall Guy", starring Lee Majors. This episode first appeared on October 31, 1984. The episode features two guest stars: veteran horror movie actor John Carradine and Elvira, Mistress of the Dark. Carradine's sons Keith, Robert, and David Carradine make a cameo appearance in a scene with their father. Title: Blanche of Anjou Passage: Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as "Blanche of Naples". She served as Regent or "Queen-Lieutenant" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310. Title: Élisabeth Soligny Passage: Le Clerc was employed at the Ballet of the French Theatre in Sweden, where she debuted in 1764. She was admired for her beauty, talent and grace. She was also known for her affairs with Arvid Horn and Henrik Johan von Düben. She was soon noted as one of the stars of the ballet and was appointed premier dancer and ballet mistress. She married the actor Pierre-Claude Soligny from the same theatre in 1770. Title: Amsterdam Affair Passage: Amsterdam Affair is a 1968 British crime film directed by Gerry O'Hara and starring Wolfgang Kieling, William Marlowe, Catherine Schell and Pamela Ann Davy. The plot follows Dutch policeman Van Der Valk, who investigates a novelist who is accused of murdering his mistress. It was based on the novel "Love in Amsterdam" by Nicolas Freeling.	[ "The Woman on the Index", "The Mistress of Shenstone" ]
Who was in charge of the colony that became the state where Me, Myself and Irene takes place?	Roger Williams	[]	Title: Imperialism Passage: The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples. It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as "less civilized" therefore justifying colonial control as a civilizing mission. Across the three waves of European colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa), environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy. This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality. Title: 14 Irene Passage: Irene (minor planet designation: 14 Irene) is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by John Russell Hind on May 19, 1851. Title: Jardin botanique de Sedan Passage: The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge. Title: Along Came Love Passage: Along Came Love is a 1936 American comedy film directed by Bert Lytell and written by Arthur Caesar. The film stars Irene Hervey, Charles Starrett, Doris Kenyon, H. B. Warner, Irene Franklin and Bernadene Hayes. The film was released on November 6, 1936, by Paramount Pictures. Title: Me, Myself & Irene Passage: Charlie Baileygates (Jim Carrey) is a veteran Rhode Island State Police trooper who has been taken advantage of by those around him, starting with his former wife Layla (Traylor Howard). Despite his friends warning him of Layla's infidelity, Charlie refused to accept she was in an affair, even after she gave birth to triplet black boys, until she ran off with her midget genius black lover, Shonté, abandoning her children. In the present, Charlie has raised the triplets as his own, Jamal, Lee Harvey, and Shonté Jr (Anthony Anderson, Jerod Mixon, Mongo Brownlee), likewise geniuses, but huge in size as compared to their biological father. While Charlie is consistently loved and respected by his ``sons '', he is continually abused by the rest of the town, who see him as a stupid coward whom anyone can easily walk over. As a result of years of such treatment, Charlie develops a split personality named Hank to deal with the confrontations Charlie avoids. Emerging whenever Charlie is under extreme stress, Hank is an over-the - top, rude, and violent persona reminiscent of characters played by Clint Eastwood. A psychiatrist prescribes medication to keep Charlie's Hank personality at bay. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches. Title: Hurricane Irene Passage: Hurricane Irene was a large and destructive tropical cyclone which affected much of the Caribbean and East Coast of the United States during late August 2011. Irene is ranked as the ninth - costliest hurricane in United States history. The ninth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season, Irene originated from a well - defined Atlantic tropical wave that began showing signs of organization east of the Lesser Antilles. Due to development of atmospheric convection and a closed center of circulation, the system was designated as Tropical Storm Irene on August 20, 2011. After intensifying, Irene made landfall in St. Croix as a strong tropical storm later that day. Early on August 21, the storm made a second landfall in Puerto Rico. While crossing the island, Irene strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. The storm paralleled offshore of Hispaniola, continuing to slowly intensify in the process. Shortly before making four landfalls in the Bahamas, Irene peaked as a 120 mph (190 km / h) Category 3 hurricane. Title: European colonization of the Americas Passage: Norse journeys to Greenland and Canada are supported by historical and archaeological evidence. A Norse colony in Greenland was established in the late 10th century, and lasted until the mid 15th century, with court and parliament assemblies (þing) taking place at Brattahlíð and a bishop located at Garðar. The remains of a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada, were discovered in 1960 and were dated to around the year 1000 (carbon dating estimate 990 -- 1050 CE). L'Anse aux Meadows is the only site widely accepted as evidence of pre-Columbian trans - oceanic contact. It was named a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1978. It is also notable for its possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland, established by Leif Erikson around the same period or, more broadly, with the West Norse colonization of the Americas. Title: History of Rhode Island Passage: In 1636, Roger Williams settled on land granted to him by the Narragansett tribe at the tip of Narragansett Bay after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views. He called the site ``Providence Plantations ''and declared it a place of religious freedom. Title: Finley Guy Building Passage: Finley Guy Building is a historic building in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Spanish Colonial Revival structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Title: Irene in Time Passage: Irene in Time is a 2009 American independent film directed by Henry Jaglom. It marked the second collaboration between director Jaglom and actress Tanna Frederick, who also starred in Jaglom's 2006 film "Hollywood Dreams". "Irene" also starred Victoria Tennant, Lanre Idewu, and Andrea Marcovicci. Title: American Idol Passage: Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single while Irene released "We Are One".	[ "Me, Myself & Irene", "History of Rhode Island" ]
In what country can one find the capital of the county that contains Liberty Township?	U.S.	[ "the U.S.", "United States", "US", "U.S" ]	Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Orroral River Passage: Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Title: Liberty Township, Mercer County, Ohio Passage: Liberty Township is one of the fourteen townships of Mercer County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 917 people in the township. Title: Liberty Township, Wexford County, Michigan Passage: Liberty Township is a civil township of Wexford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 861. Title: Liberty Township, Adams County, Ohio Passage: Liberty Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,965 people in the township. Title: History of Australia Passage: The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911. Title: Rockville, Indiana Passage: Rockville is a town in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,607 at the 2010 census. The town is the county seat of Parke County. It is known as "The Covered Bridge Capital of the World". Title: Rockville Correctional Facility Passage: Rockville Correctional Facility is a state prison located in Adams Township, Parke County, one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Rockville, Indiana. A part of the Indiana Department of Corrections, it is the largest state prison for women in Indiana with approximately 1,200 women. Although it is classified as a medium-security prison, it has inmates of all security levels. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Liberty Township, Knox County, Ohio Passage: Liberty Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Knox County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,716 people in the township. Title: Liberty Township, Parke County, Indiana Passage: Liberty Township is one of thirteen townships in Parke County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 739 and it contained 324 housing units. Title: Baranya County (former) Passage: Baranya (, , / "Baranja", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.	[ "Rockville, Indiana", "Rockville Correctional Facility", "Liberty Township, Parke County, Indiana" ]
In which county was the city where Bonnie Hollingsworth died?	Knox County	[]	Title: Bonnie Doon, Victoria Passage: Bonnie Doon is a small village in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Maroondah Highway, in the Shire of Mansfield. Bonnie Doon is 168 kilometres north-east from Melbourne. At the 2016 census, Bonnie Doon township had a population of 570. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Bonnie Lake (Alberta) Passage: Bonnie Lake is a small lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located outside of Vilna, Alberta, north of Highway 28, and is part of the North Saskatchewan River basin. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Cammie King Passage: Cammie King As ``Bonnie Blue Butler ''in Gone With the Wind (1939) Eleanore Cammack King (1934 - 08 - 05) August 5, 1934 Los Angeles, California, U.S. September 1, 2010 (2010 - 09 - 01) (aged 76) Fort Bragg, California, U.S. Cause of death Lung cancer Resting place Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City Occupation Actress Years active 1939 -- 1942 Title: List of The Vampire Diaries characters Passage: In season four, a vampire hunter, Connor, arrives in town, and only Jeremy can see his mysterious tattoos, later revealed to be a map to the cure for vampirism. When Connor is killed, Jeremy becomes part of The Five, a group of vampire hunters, and his' hunter's mark 'grows when he kills vampires. His urge to kill grows as well, and he attempts to murder Elena. Eventually, he finds a way to control this, and Damon trains him. After killing Kol, resulting in the death of his entire bloodline, Jeremy's mark completes, revealing a map to the cure. However, once he and Bonnie reach Silas, Katherine reveals herself and allows Silas to feed on Jeremy in order to awaken. She steals the cure, and Jeremy is killed when Silas snaps his neck. Elena then burns the Gilbert house, creating a cover story for his death. When Bonnie drops the veil to the Other Side, Jeremy's ghost returns, saving Elena from Kol. Bonnie performs a spell that allows Jeremy to stay alive. The spell, however, killed Bonnie in the process, though Jeremy can see her ghost. Title: Bonnie Hollingsworth Passage: John Burnette Hollingsworth (December 26, 1895 in Jacksboro, Tennessee – January 4, 1990 in Knoxville, Tennessee) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1922 to 1928. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Knoxville City-County Building Passage: The Knoxville City-County Building is a building at 400 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee that houses the offices of the city government of Knoxville and the county government of Knox County, Tennessee. It also houses the Knox County Jail. The building stands ten stories, and contains of office space. At the time it was built it was said to be the largest office building in Tennessee. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Charles Edward Herbert Passage: Charles Edward Herbert (12 June 1860 – 21 January 1929) was an Australian politician and judge. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1900 to 1905, representing the electorate of Northern Territory. He was Government Resident of the Northern Territory from 1905 to 1910. He was then deputy chief judicial officer of the Territory of Papua (later Judge of the Central Court of Papua) from 1910 to 1928. This role saw him serve for extended periods on the Executive Council of Papua, and act as its Administrator and Lieutenant-Governor. During this period, he served as an acting judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in 1921. He was appointed Administrator of Norfolk Island in 1928, holding the position until his death in 1929.	[ "Bonnie Hollingsworth", "Knoxville City-County Building" ]
What is the record label of the performer of Feelin' It?	Roc-A-Fella Records	[]	Title: Let's Get Loud Passage: ``Let's Get Loud ''Single by Jennifer Lopez from the album On the 6 B - side`` Feelin 'So Good'' Released June 9, 2000 Format CD single maxi single 12 ''vinyl Recorded 1999 Genre Latin dance Salsa Length 3: 58 Label Columbia Work Songwriter (s) Gloria Estefan Kike Santander Producer (s) Emilio Estefan, Jr. Kike Santander Jennifer Lopez singles chronology ``Feelin' So Good'' (2000)`` Let's Get Loud ''(2000) ``Love Do n't Cost a Thing'' (2000)`` Feelin 'So Good ''(2000) ``Let's Get Loud'' (2000)`` Love Do n't Cost a Thing ''(2000) Title: Benson & Farrell Passage: Benson & Farrell is the fourteenth album by American guitarist George Benson and jazz saxophonist and flutist Joe Farrell featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the CTI label. Title: Straight No Filter Passage: Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966. Title: Easterly Winds Passage: Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967. Title: Bach to the Blues Passage: Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label. Title: You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' Passage: ``You've Lost That Lovin 'Feelin' ''is a song written by Phil Spector, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil. It was first recorded by the Righteous Brothers in 1964, and was produced by Phil Spector. Their recording is considered by some music critics to be the ultimate expression and illustration of Spector's`` Wall of Sound'' recording technique. It has also been described by various music writers as ``one of the best records ever made ''and`` the ultimate pop record''. Title: Christión Passage: Christión was a male duo featuring brothers Kenni Ski and Allen Anthony, the first R&B act to be signed to Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella Records. They released their single "Full of Smoke" on Roc-A-Fella in 1996, reaching #53 on the Hot 100 and #15 on the R&B chart. Title: The Opening (album) Passage: The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label. Title: African Venus Passage: African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label. Title: Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album) Passage: Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label. Title: Matador (Kenny Dorham album) Passage: Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label. Title: Feelin' It (Jay-Z song) Passage: "Feelin' It" is the fourth and final single from rapper Jay-Z's debut album "Reasonable Doubt". The song features a chorus sung by Mecca and a beat produced by Ski. The song's beat contains a sample from "Pastures" by jazz musician Ahmad Jamal. The track was originally meant to be a Camp Lo song, but producer Ski gave it to Jay at the last minute. He describes the situation in an "XXL Magazine" article:	[ "Feelin' It (Jay-Z song)", "Christión" ]
When was the headquarters city of Greatview made the capitol of China?	1279	[]	Title: Karjule Hareshwar Passage: Karjule Hareshwar formerly called Karjule Harya is a village in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India. This village is located on Kalyan Ahmednagar highway National Highway 222. It is located 50 km towards west from District headquarters Ahmednagar. 25 km from Parner. 181 km from State capital Mumbai. It is well known village as Mumbaikar's Village. Most of the family members are working in Mumbai in transportation and many more things. Title: Ngopa Passage: Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl. Title: Touchstone Semiconductor Passage: Touchstone Semiconductor was founded in 2010 by a group of semiconductor industry experts from Maxim Integrated Products, Linear Technology and Analog Devices. The company received $12M funding in Series A funding from Opus Capital and Khosla Ventures, the headquarters were located in Milpitas, California. Title: Padalur Passage: Padalur is a village in Alathur Taluk, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu State. Padalur is a main town in Alathur talku and is located 2 km from Taluk office and 16.9 km from the District headquarters Perambalur . It is 284 km from State Capital Chennai. Title: History of Beijing Passage: The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest - dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin. When Kublai Khan made Dadu the capital of the Mongol - led Yuan dynasty (1279 -- 1368), all of China was ruled from Beijing for the first time. From 1279 onward, with the exception of two interludes from 1368 to 1420 and 1928 to 1949, Beijing would remain as China's capital, serving as the seat of power for the Ming dynasty (1421 -- 1644), the Manchu - led Qing dynasty (1644 -- 1912), the early Republic of China (1912 -- 1928) and now the People's Republic of China (1949 -- present). Title: Teunga Passage: Teunga is a village in Phulpur tehsil in Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. It comes under Teunga Panchayath. It belongs to Azamgarh division. It is located 36 km west from district headquarters Azamgarh, 2 km from Phulpur and 243 km from state capital Lucknow. Title: Greatview Passage: Greatview Aseptic Packaging Company is a multinational aseptic processing company with its head office based in Beijing, China. Founded in 2003, Greatview offers aseptic carton solutions and related services for dairy and non-carbonated soft drink companies whose products are compatible with Tetra Brik Aseptic filling machines. Greatview presently has three packaging facilities worldwide, two of which are located in China, in Gaotang, Shandong and Helingeer, Inner Mongolia; the third facility is the company's primary exporting facility and is located in Germany, in the city of Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt. Title: Sarikei Passage: Sarikei () is a town, and the capital of the "Sarikei District" (985 square kilometres) in Sarikei Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is located on the Rajang River, near where the river empties into the South China Sea. The district population (year 2010 census) was 56,798. Title: Thombattu Passage: Thombattu is a village in Kundapura Taluk in Karnataka, India. It is in the Udupi district. It is located 45 km towards North from District headquarters Udupi. 26 km from Kundapura. 410 km from State capital Bangalore. Kota, Udupi, Karkala, Sagar are the nearby cities. Title: Nanjing Passage: Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty. Title: The Westward Journey Passage: The Westward Journey, also listed as Indians, Reaper, Blacksmith, Pioneer Family, is a set of outdoor sculptures made by Herman Carl Mueller in 1886–1887, located above the south portico of the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana. Title: Nanjing Museum Passage: The Nanjing Museum () is located in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province in East China. With an area of , it is one of the largest museums in China. The museum has over 400,000 items in its permanent collection, making it one of the largest in China. Especially notable is the museum's enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world.	[ "History of Beijing", "Greatview" ]
When was the last execution in the state whose capital city was the location of Tree International Publishing?	2 December 2009	[]	Title: List of cities and towns in India by nicknames Passage: City / town Nickname Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram) Evergreen City of India Kochi (Cochin) Queen of Arabian Sea Kozhikode (Calicut) City of Spices. Kannur (Cannanore) City of Looms and Lores. Kottayam City of letters (Aksharanagri) City of Murals City of latex City of lakes Kollam (Quilon) Cashew Capital of the World Alappuzha (Alleppey) Venice of east Kasaragod Land of Seven Languages (സപ്തഭാഷസംഗമഭൂമി, Saptabashasangamabhoomi) Harkwillia Palakkad Land of Palm trees Rice bowl of Kerala Thrissur The Cultural capital of Kerala Land of Poorams (പൂരങ്ങളുടെ നാട്) The land of Vadakkumnathan (വടക്കുംനാഥന്റെ മണ്ണ്) Gold capital of India Wayanad God's own district Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional. Title: Capital punishment in the Philippines Passage: Capital punishment was again suspended via Republic Act No. 9346, which was signed by President Arroyo on 24 June 2006. The bill followed a vote held in Congress earlier that month which overwhelmingly supported the abolition of the practice. The penalties of life imprisonment and reclusion perpetua (detention of indefinite length, usually for at least 30 years) replaced the death penalty. Critics of Arroyo's initiative called it a political move meant to placate the Roman Catholic Church, some sectors of which were increasingly vocal in their opposition to her rule. Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states and the federal government. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 57 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries. Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries. Title: Capital punishment in Canada Passage: Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail. Title: William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower Passage: The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building. Title: Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport Passage: Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport () is located southwest of the center of Salta, capital city of Salta Province, in Argentina. The airport covers an area of 208 hectares (513 acres) and is operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 Title: Sony Music Passage: In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million. Title: List of people executed in Tennessee Passage: Executed person Date of execution Method Murder victim (s) Under Governor Robert Glen Coe 19 April 2000 lethal injection Cary Ann Medlin Don Sundquist Sedley Alley 28 June 2006 U.S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal Suzanne Marie Collins Phil Bredesen Philip Workman 9 May 2007 Memphis Police Lieutenant Ronald Oliver Daryl Holton 12 September 2007 electrocution Stephen Holton, Brent Holton, Eric Holton, Kayla Holton Steve Henley 4 February 2009 lethal injection Fred and Edna Stafford 6 Cecil Johnson 2 December 2009 Bobby Bell Jr., James Moore, Charles House Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy. Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentioned the death penalty as a punishment. In 2010, for instance, one poll showed 49 percent favoring the death penalty and 46 percent favoring life imprisonment while in another 61% said they preferred another punishment to the death penalty. The highest level of support for the death penalty recorded overall was 80 percent in 1994 (16 percent opposed), and the lowest recorded was 42 percent in 1966 (47 percent opposed). On the question of the death penalty vs. life without parole, the strongest preference for the death penalty was 61 percent in 1997 (29 percent favoring life), and the lowest preference for the death penalty was 47 percent in 2006 (48 percent favoring life).	[ "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower", "List of people executed in Tennessee", "Sony Music" ]
The painter of The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon is noted for creating mosaics in what century?	19th	[ "19th century", "19th-century" ]	Title: Mosaic Passage: In the 7th–9th centuries Rome fell under the influence of Byzantine art, noticeable on the mosaics of Santa Prassede, Santa Maria in Domnica, Sant'Agnese fuori le Mura, Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Santi Nereo e Achilleo and the San Venanzio chapel of San Giovanni in Laterano. The great dining hall of Pope Leo III in the Lateran Palace was also decorated with mosaics. They were all destroyed later except for one example, the so-called Triclinio Leoniano of which a copy was made in the 18th century. Another great work of Pope Leo, the apse mosaic of Santa Susanna, depicted Christ with the Pope and Charlemagne on one side, and SS. Susanna and Felicity on the other. It was plastered over during a renovation in 1585. Pope Paschal I (817–824) embellished the church of Santo Stefano del Cacco with an apsidal mosaic which depicted the pope with a model of the church (destroyed in 1607). Title: Mosaic Passage: Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics. Title: Mosaic Passage: The apse mosaic of the Gelati Monastery is a rare example of mosaic use in Georgia. Began by king David IV and completed by his son Demetrius I of Georgia, the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels. The use of mosaic in Gelati attests to some Byzantine influence in the country and was a demonstration of the imperial ambition of the Bagrationids. The mosaic covered church could compete in magnificence with the churches of Constantinople. Gelati is one of few mosaic creations which survived in Georgia but fragments prove that the early churches of Pitsunda and Tsromi were also decorated with mosaic as well as other, lesser known sites. The destroyed 6th century mosaic floors in the Pitsunda Cathedral have been inspired by Roman prototypes. In Tsromi the tesserae are still visible on the walls of the 7th-century church but only faint lines hint at the original scheme. Its central figure was Christ standing and displaying a scroll with Georgian text. Title: Mosaic Passage: Sometimes not only church interiors but façades were also decorated with mosaics in Italy like in the case of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice (mainly from the 17th–19th centuries, but the oldest one from 1270–75, "The burial of St Mark in the first basilica"), the Cathedral of Orvieto (golden Gothic mosaics from the 14th century, many times redone) and the Basilica di San Frediano in Lucca (huge, striking golden mosaic representing the Ascension of Christ with the apostles below, designed by Berlinghiero Berlinghieri in the 13th century). The Cathedral of Spoleto is also decorated on the upper façade with a huge mosaic portraying the Blessing Christ (signed by one Solsternus from 1207). Title: Mosaic Passage: Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome, gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages. 5th century mosaics can be found over the triumphal arch and in the nave of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period. Two other important 5th century mosaics are lost but we know them from 17th-century drawings. In the apse mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti (462–472, destroyed in 1589) Christ was seated on a globe with the twelve Apostles flanking him, six on either side. At Sant'Andrea in Catabarbara (468–483, destroyed in 1686) Christ appeared in the center, flanked on either side by three Apostles. Four streams flowed from the little mountain supporting Christ. The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559. The composition probably remained unchanged: Christ flanked by male and female saints, seated on a hill while lambs drinking from a stream at its feet. All three mosaics had a similar iconography. Title: Mosaic Passage: In the 5th-century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art. The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was decorated with mosaics of high artistic quality in 425–430. The vaults of the small, cross-shaped structure are clad with mosaics on blue background. The central motif above the crossing is a golden cross in the middle of the starry sky. Another great building established by Galla Placidia was the church of San Giovanni Evangelista. She erected it in fulfillment of a vow that she made having escaped from a deadly storm in 425 on the sea voyage from Constantinople to Ravenna. The mosaics depicted the storm, portraits of members of the western and eastern imperial family and the bishop of Ravenna, Peter Chrysologus. They are known only from Renaissance sources because almost all were destroyed in 1747. Title: The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon Passage: The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon is a painting by Edward Burne-Jones, started in 1881. The massive painting measures 279 cm × 650 cm, and is widely considered to be Burne-Jones's "magnum opus". Title: Mosaic Passage: In parts of Italy, which were under eastern artistic influences, like Sicily and Venice, mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages. The whole interior of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate, golden mosaics. The oldest scenes were executed by Greek masters in the late 11th century but the majority of the mosaics are works of local artists from the 12th–13th centuries. The decoration of the church was finished only in the 16th century. One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis, a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople (1204). The mosaics were executed in the 1220s. Title: Aurora Teagarden Passage: Aurora Teagarden Candace Cameron Bure as Aurora Teagarden First appearance Real Murders Last appearance Sleep Like a Baby Created by Charlaine Harris Portrayed by Candace Cameron Bure Title: Mosaic Passage: Southern Italy was also part of the Norman kingdom but great mosaics did not survive in this area except the fine mosaic pavement of the Otranto Cathedral from 1166, with mosaics tied into a tree of life, mostly still preserved. The scenes depict biblical characters, warrior kings, medieval beasts, allegories of the months and working activity. Only fragments survived from the original mosaic decoration of Amalfi's Norman Cathedral. The mosaic ambos in the churches of Ravello prove that mosaic art was widespread in Southern Italy during the 11th–13th centuries. Title: Mosaic Passage: Noted 19th-century mosaics include those by Edward Burne-Jones at St Pauls within the Walls in Rome. Another modern mosaic of note is the world's largest mosaic installation located at the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, located in St. Louis, Missouri. A modern example of mosaic is the Museum of Natural History station of the New York City Subway (there are many such works of art scattered throughout the New York City subway system, though many IND stations are usually designed with bland mosaics.) Another example of mosaics in ordinary surroundings is the use of locally themed mosaics in some restrooms in the rest areas along some Texas interstate highways. Title: Mosaic Passage: In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a "masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii."	[ "The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon", "Mosaic" ]
Who operates the Embassy of Northern Cyprus located in Can Dundar's birthplace?	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	[ "TRNC", "Republic of Northern Cyprus", "The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", "Northern Cyprus" ]	Title: Embassy of Northern Cyprus, Ankara Passage: This embassy was established in late 1983 shortly after Turkey signed a treaty with the TRNC recognizing the November 15 1983 Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The embassy itself is located in the Ankara suburb of Gaziosmanpaşa (not to be confused by the Istanbul suburb of the same name). Title: First Choice Airways Passage: First Choice Airways was a British charter airline of European tour operator TUI Travel PLC, based in Crawley, England until its merger with Thomsonfly to form Thomson Airways (now TUI Airways) in 2008. It flew to more than 60 destinations worldwide from 14 UK and Irish airports. 70% of the airline's services were operated for its parent company, rising to 85% in the summer season, with the remainder on behalf of some 120 other tour operators. It also operated scheduled year-round leisure routes to Cyprus and the resorts of Spain and Portugal. Title: Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest Passage: Cyprus has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times since making its debut in 1981. Cyprus' first entry was the group Island, who finished sixth. The country's best result in the contest is a second - place finish with Eleni Foureira in 2018. Title: Embassy of the United States, Malabo Passage: The United States Embassy in Malabo is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, in the capital city of Malabo. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and Equatorial Guinea-United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Equatorial is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to Equatorial Guinea Title: Cyprus Passage: According to the 2006 census carried out by Northern Cyprus, there were 256,644 (de jure) people living in Northern Cyprus. 178,031 were citizens of Northern Cyprus, of whom 147,405 were born in Cyprus (112,534 from the north; 32,538 from the south; 371 did not indicate what part of Cyprus they were from); 27,333 born in Turkey; 2,482 born in the UK and 913 born in Bulgaria. Of the 147,405 citizens born in Cyprus, 120,031 say both parents were born in Cyprus; 16,824 say both parents born in Turkey; 10,361 have one parent born in Turkey and one parent born in Cyprus. Title: Eurocypria Airlines Passage: Eurocypria was established on 25 March 1992 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cyprus Airways, as the first Cyprus based charter airline. Operations began on 12 June 1992 with two new Airbus A320 aircraft. Two more were added later. Since 2001, the airline has operated scheduled services from Cyprus, and charter flights. Title: Canan Öztoprak Passage: Canan Öztoprak (born 1955) is a Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Cabinet Minister appointed in the April 2005 TRNC Government of Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer. Her portfolios are National Education and Culture. She has been an active peace activist and founding member of the Cyprus Conflict Resolution Trainers Group. Title: Serdar Denktaş Passage: Serdar Denktaş (in English often spelled "Serdar Denktash") is son of Rauf Denktaş, the former President of the de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Title: Cyprus Passage: The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union. Title: Cyprus Passage: Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus. Title: Can Dündar Passage: Can Dündar (, born 16 June 1961 in Ankara) is a Turkish journalist, columnist and documentarian. Editor-in-chief of center-left "Cumhuriyet" newspaper until August 2016, he was arrested in November 2015 after his newspaper published footage showing the State Intelligence MİT sending weapons to Syrian Islamist fighters. Title: Cyprus Passage: In the early 21st century the Cypriot economy has diversified and become prosperous. However, in 2012 it became affected by the Eurozone financial and banking crisis. In June 2012, the Cypriot government announced it would need €1.8 billion in foreign aid to support the Cyprus Popular Bank, and this was followed by Fitch downgrading Cyprus's credit rating to junk status. Fitch said Cyprus would need an additional €4 billion to support its banks and the downgrade was mainly due to the exposure of Bank of Cyprus, Cyprus Popular Bank and Hellenic Bank, Cyprus's three largest banks, to the Greek financial crisis.	[ "Embassy of Northern Cyprus, Ankara", "Can Dündar" ]
Who won the election for mayor in the city where WNJN-FM is located?	Frank Gilliam	[]	Title: Mayor of Los Angeles Passage: The Mayor of the City of Los Angeles is the official head and chief executive officer of Los Angeles, California. The mayor is elected for a four - year term and limited to serving no more than two terms. Under the California Constitution, all judicial, school, county, and city offices, including those of chartered cities, are nonpartisan. The 42nd and current Mayor is Eric Garcetti. Title: WNJN-FM Passage: WNJN-FM (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by WHYY, Inc., and simulcasts the public radio news and talk programming of WHYY-FM in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Title: Black people Passage: Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Title: 2008 London mayoral election Passage: The 2008 London mayoral election for the office of Mayor of London, England, was held on 1 May 2008 and was won by Conservative Party candidate Boris Johnson. Title: Edgar Olvera Higuera Passage: Edgar Armando Olvera Higuera (born 20 April 1969) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico. In 2016, he was elected mayor of Naucalpan, a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City, for a three-year period (2016-2018). On March 2018, he was awarded permanent license from his position as mayor by local Congress in order to participate in the 2018 Election as candidate for the 29th Local District Deputy. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party. All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election. In partisan elections for the Washington State Legislature and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by Democrats. Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes. It has also elected an openly gay mayor, Ed Murray, and a socialist councillor, Kshama Sawant. For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991. The majority of the current city council is female, while white men comprise a minority. Title: Ismail Ahmed Rajab Al Hadidi Passage: Ismail Ahmed Rajab Al Hadidi, the Arabic deputy for the Kurdish mayor-governor of city of Kirkuk in Iraq. Al Hadid was born in 1955, was elected as deputy for the mayor of Kirkuk, Abdul Rahman Mustafa in 2003 by the multiethnic city council of Kirkuk, after a Coalition Provisional Authority's organized election for a local city council in Kirkuk in May 2003, in Post-Saddam Hussein Iraq. Al Hadidi was wounded in the leg in an assassination bid in November 2003. Title: Joan McBride Passage: Joan McBride is an American politician. A Democrat, she was the mayor of Kirkland, Washington, from 2010 to 2013, after which she was elected to the Washington House of Representatives as a member from District 48. She also served on the Kirkland City Council since 1998, sitting as deputy mayor from 2002 until her election as mayor in 2010. Title: 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election Passage: The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam. Title: Libby Schaaf Passage: Elizabeth Beckman "Libby" Schaaf (born November 12, 1965) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. She is the mayor of Oakland, California and a former member of the Oakland City Council. Schaaf won the November 4, 2014, Oakland mayoral election in the 14th round in ranked choice voting with 62.79% of the vote. Title: Paris Passage: The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voters; the voters of each arrondissement elect the Conseil de Paris (Council of Paris), composed of 163 members. Each arrondissement has a number of members depending upon its population, from 10 members for each of the least-populated arrondissements (1st through 9th) to 36 members for the most populated (the 15th). The elected council members select the mayor. Sometimes the candidate who receives the most votes city-wide is not selected if the other candidate has won the support of the majority of council members. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (2001-2014) was elected by only a minority of city voters, but a majority of council members. Once elected, the council plays a largely passive role in the city government; it meets only once a month. The current council is divided between a coalition of the left of 91 members, including the socialists, communists, greens, and extreme left; and 71 members for the centre right, plus a few members from smaller parties. Title: 2017 Cincinnati mayoral election Passage: The 2017 Cincinnati mayoral election took place on November 7, 2017, to elect the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the May 2 primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor John Cranley won re-election to a second term.	[ "WNJN-FM", "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" ]
When did the country Daugavpils Municipality is located in become part of the Soviet Union?	5 August 1940	[]	Title: Poyushchiye Gitary Passage: Pojuschie Gitary ( , "The Singing Guitars") were the Soviet Union's first rock band to reach a phenomenal rate of success and popularity in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and in other countries. For that reason, they are often nicknamed "the Soviet Beatles" in a manner not that different from Hungary's Illés and Poland's Czerwone Gitary, whose name means "Red Guitars". Title: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Passage: Following the Welles Declaration of July 23, 1940, the annexation of Latvia into the Soviet Union (USSR) on 5 August 1940 was not recognized as legitimate by the United States, the European Community, and recognition of it as the nominal fifteenth constituent republic of the USSR was withheld for five decades. Its territory was subsequently conquered by Nazi Germany in June -- July 1941, before being retaken by the Soviets in 1944 -- 1945. Nevertheless, Latvia continued to exist as a de jure independent country with a number of countries continued to recognize Latvian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former governments. Title: Svente Parish Passage: Svente Parish () is an administrative unit of Daugavpils Municipality, Latvia. It belongs to the Selonian part of the municipality. It is a centre of the Polish minority in Latvia. Title: Imperialism Passage: Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism. Title: Democracy and Totalitarianism Passage: Democracy and Totalitarianism is a book by French philosopher and political scientist Raymond Aron. It compares the political systems of the Soviet Union and the democratic countries of the West. Title: Black people Passage: As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc. Title: Modern history Passage: The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to "roll back". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge. Title: Kazakhstan Passage: With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic. Title: Nikita Khrushchev Passage: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April (O.S. 3 April) 1894 -- 11 September 1971) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier. Title: Sweden Passage: On 27 October 1981, a Whiskey-class submarine (U 137) from the Soviet Union ran aground close to the naval base at Karlskrona in the southern part of the country. Research has never clearly established whether the submarine ended up on the shoals through a navigational mistake or if an enemy committed espionage against Swedish military potential. The incident triggered a diplomatic crisis between Sweden and the Soviet Union. Following the 1986 assassination of Olof Palme and with the end of the Cold War, Sweden has adopted a more traditional foreign policy approach. Nevertheless, the country remains active in peace keeping missions and maintains a considerable foreign aid budget. Title: Pechora Radar Station Passage: Pechora Radar Station () is an early warning radar near Pechora in the Komi Republic, northern Russia. It is a key part of the Russian early warning system against missile attack and was built by the Soviet Union, becoming operational in 1984. It is run by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. Title: List of leaders of the Soviet Union Passage: Under the 1977 Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was the head of government and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the head of state. The office of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was comparable to a prime minister in the First World, whereas the office of the Chairman of the Presidium was comparable to a president in the First World. In the Soviet Union's seventy - year history there was no official leader of the Soviet Union office, but during most of that era there was a de facto top leader who usually led the country through the office of the Premier or the office of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). In the ideology of Vladimir Lenin the head of the Soviet state was a collegiate body of the vanguard party (see What Is to Be Done?).	[ "Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic", "Svente Parish" ]
Who did the performer of Horse to the Water write the song Something for?	his wife, Pattie Boyd	[ "Pattie Boyd" ]	Title: Killing Me Softly with His Song Passage: According to Lori Lieberman, who performed the original recording in 1971, the song was born of a poem she wrote after experiencing a strong reaction to the Don McLean song ``Empty Chairs '', writing some poetic ideas on a napkin at the Troubadour Club after seeing him perform the song, and then relating this information to Norman Gimbel, who took her feelings and converted them into song lyrics. Gimbel passed his lyrics to Charles Fox, who set them to music. Title: Jeepers Creepers (song) Passage: This song was featured in the 1938 film Going Places starring Dick Powell, Anita Louise and Ronald Reagan. Louis Armstrong appears in the part of Gabriel, the trainer of a race horse named Jeepers Creepers. Jeepers Creepers is a very wild horse and can only be soothed enough to let someone ride him when Gabriel plays the song ``Jeepers Creepers ''on his trumpet or sings it to him. Gabriel wrote the song specifically for the horse. (The phrase`` jeepers creepers'', a slang expression and minced oath euphemism for Jesus Christ, predates both the song and film.) Title: You'll See Passage: "You'll See" is a song by American singer Madonna from her ballads compilation, "Something to Remember" (1995). The album was released with the intention of toning down the image of Madonna, who was being heavily criticized at the time. She wrote and produced the song with Canadian musician David Foster. "You'll See" was released on October 30, 1995, by Maverick Records as the lead single from the album. An acoustic pop ballad, "You'll See" features instrumentation from percussion, tremolo guitar and piano, while lyrically it speaks of independence after the end of a love affair. Title: Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy) Passage: ``Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy) ''Single by Big & Rich from the album Horse of a Different Color Released April 19, 2004 Format Music download Recorded 2003 Genre Country Length 3: 20 (album version) 4: 25 (dance mix) Label Warner Bros. Nashville Songwriter (s) Big Kenny John Rich Producer (s) Paul Worley, Big Kenny, John Rich Big & Rich singles chronology`` Wild West Show'' (2004) ``Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy) ''(2004)`` Holy Water'' (2004) ``Wild West Show ''(2004)`` Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy)'' (2004) ``Holy Water ''(2004) Title: As Good as I Once Was Passage: ``As Good as I Once Was ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Toby Keith that reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. This song and his 2003 single`` Beer for My Horses'' are both his longest - running Number One hits, each having spent six weeks at Number One. ``As Good As I Once Was ''was released in May 2005 as the second single from Keith's album Honkytonk University. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick. Title: Something (Beatles song) Passage: The opening lyric was taken from the title of ``Something in the Way She Moves '', a track by Harrison's fellow Apple Records artist James Taylor. While Harrison imagined the composition in the style of Ray Charles, his inspiration for`` Something'' was his wife, Pattie Boyd. In her 2007 autobiography, Wonderful Today, Boyd recalls: ``He told me, in a matter - of - fact way, that he had written it for me. I thought it was beautiful... ''Boyd discusses the song's popularity among other recording artists and concludes:`` My favourite (version) was the one by George Harrison, which he played to me in the kitchen at Kinfauns.'' Title: I Don't Wanna Cry Passage: Its lyrics talk about Carey and her lover being involved in a tumultuous relationship. It was Carey's first single that she did not co-write with Ben Margulies. When she and Walden first wrote the song, she was excited because it sounded like something that would be played on the radio. However, due to bad experiences during its production and because she feels it "doesn't have a message," Carey stated in an MTV interview that she dislikes the song and tries to sing it as rarely as possible. Carey had lobbied to co-produce the song, but was denied permission by Columbia Records. She often fought with Walden in the studio concerning the song's production, and as a result Walden became her least favorite among the producers who worked on her debut album. Due to this, Carey had not performed the song since her 1996 Daydream World Tour; though it was reinstated in 2015 for her #1 to Infinity concert residency in Las Vegas. Title: Big Bad John (film) Passage: Big Bad John is a 1990 film directed by Burt Kennedy. It stars Ned Beatty and Jimmy Dean, the latter of whom wrote and performed the song the film is based upon. Title: Reining Passage: Reining may be performed by any horse, but the Stock horse breeds, particularly the American Quarter Horse, dominate the field. The reining horse must be agile, quick, and very responsive to the rider's commands. Powerful hindquarters are required to hold position in a sliding stop or a rollback, excellent coordination is required for proper spins and flying lead changes. Correct leg conformation is essential, as the limbs and joints are often under considerable stress in competition. The horse must also have an excellent temperament to perform with both speed and precision. Title: Killing Me Softly with His Song Passage: According to Lori Lieberman, who performed the original recording in 1971, the song was born of a poem she wrote after experiencing a strong reaction to the Don McLean song 'Empty Chairs.' She then related this information to Gimbel, who took her feelings and put them into words. Then Gimbel passed the words to Fox, who set them to music. Title: Nice Work If You Can Get It (song) Passage: The music was written by George Gershwin, the lyrics by Ira Gershwin. It was one of nine songs George Gershwin wrote for the movie A Damsel in Distress, in which it was performed by Fred Astaire with backing vocals provided by The Stafford Sisters. The song was published in 1937. Title: Horse to the Water Passage: "Horse to the Water" is a song written by George Harrison and his son Dhani. It was originally performed by Jools Holland's Rhythm and Blues Orchestra, featuring Harrison, on the album "Small World, Big Band" (also known as "Jools Holland's Rhythm and Blues Orchestra"). Recorded on 2 October 2001, the song is Harrison's last performance on a record. Harrison only performed vocals on the track, as he was too weak from battling cancer to play guitar, and he died just over eight weeks later on 29 November. He listed the song's publisher as "R.I.P Music Ltd" instead of his usual music company Harrisongs, which Holland said showed "Harrison's dark sense of humour." (In the liner notes of some versions of the CD, the credit is "Umlaut Corporation.")	[ "Something (Beatles song)", "Horse to the Water" ]
What river flows through the city where the college softball world series is played?	North Canadian River	[ "Oklahoma River" ]	Title: Fish River (Namibia) Passage: The Fish River (Visrivier in Afrikaans, Fischfluss in German) is a river in Namibia. It is 650 km long, flowing from the Naukluft Mountains 150 km to the Hardap Dam near Mariental. From there the flow is entirely blocked, all further flow downstream coming from tributaries downstream from the dam. The flow of the river is seasonal; in winter the river can dry up completely. Despite this, the river is the site of the spectacular Fish River Canyon, a canyon 160 km long, and at points as much as 550 m deep. Title: Women's College World Series Passage: The Women's College World Series (WCWS) is the final portion of the NCAA Division I Softball Championship for college softball in the United States. The tournament format consists of two four - team double - elimination brackets. The winners of each bracket then compete in a best - of - three series to determine the Division I WCWS National Champion. The WCWS takes place at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City. From 1969 to 1981, the women's collegiate softball championship was also known as the Women's College World Series and was promoted as such. During 1969 -- 1979, the series was played in Omaha, and in 1980 -- 1982 in Norman, Oklahoma. The NCAA held its first six Division I tournaments in Omaha in 1982 -- 1987, followed by Sunnyvale, California in 1988 -- 1989. The event has been held in Oklahoma City every year since then, except for 1996 in Columbus, Georgia. Title: Arnaud River Passage: The Arnaud River (formerly known as the Payne River) is a river in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, flowing from the low plateaux of the Ungava Peninsula through a series of glacial lakes to Ungava Bay. Its mean discharge is approximately 15 km³ per year, but the river flows only in the summer as it is frozen to several metres for the rest of the year. The total length of the river is about 377 kilometres, but there are several main channels in the upper reaches of the river, most of them unnamed and hardly sighted even by the native Inuit. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city. Title: North Concho River Passage: The North Concho River is a river in west-central Texas and one of three tributaries of the Concho River. The river is long. The other two tributaries are the Middle Concho and South Concho Rivers. The Concho River flows into the Colorado River (in Texas, not to be confused with the Colorado that flows through Arizona and Nevada). Title: Arghistan River Passage: The Arghistan or Arghastan is a river in southern Afghanistan. It flows through Arghistan District and the provinces of Zabul and Kandahar. It is a tributary of the Dori River, a sub-tributary of the Helmand River. It flows for and has a basin area of . Title: Humaya River Passage: The Humaya River is a river in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, that connects to the Tamazula River in the city of Culiacán to form the Culiacán River. The source of the river is the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. The water flows from the north of the city. The water then flows to the Pacific Ocean. Title: List of rivers of France Passage: This is a list of rivers that are at least partially in France. The rivers are grouped by sea or ocean. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into. Some rivers (e.g. Sûre/Sauer) do not flow through France themselves, but they are mentioned for having French tributaries. They are given in "italics". For clarity, only rivers that are longer than 50 km (or have longer tributaries) are shown. Title: PONY Baseball and Softball Passage: PONY Baseball and Softball is a non-profit organization with headquarters in Washington, Pennsylvania. Started in 1951, PONY organizes youth baseball and softball leagues and tournaments, as over 500,000 players annually play PONY in over 4,000 leagues throughout the United States and over 40 countries world - wide. The televised Pony League World Series held annually in August at Washington's Lew Hays Pony Field attracts teenage teams from around the world. Membership is open to children and young adults from age 4 to 23 and the leagues are organized in two - year age brackets with ``an - under ''programs. Title: Poplar River (Manitoba) Passage: The Poplar River is a river in Manitoba and Ontario, Canada. It is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and flows to the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg. The river passes through one of the last, large, and intact boreal forests in the world. Title: North Branch Millers River Passage: The North Branch of the Millers River is a river in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean. Title: 2017 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament Passage: The 2017 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament is being held from May 18 through June 7, 2017 as the final part of the 2017 NCAA Division I softball season. The 64 participating NCAA Division I college softball teams were selected out of an eligible 293 teams on May 14, 2017. Thirty - two teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences, and the remaining 32 were selected at - large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminates with eight teams playing in the 2017 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City. Oklahoma would repeat as National Champions, defeating Florida in 2 games.	[ "Oklahoma City", "Women's College World Series" ]
Who was in charge of Oğuz Abadan's birthplace?	Melih Gökçek	[ "Mansur Yavaş" ]	Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone. Title: Palas Abadan Passage: Palas Abadan (, also Romanized as Palās Ābādān, Palās Ābdān, and Palās-e Ābadān) is a village in Fathabad Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported. Title: The League series Passage: The League series is an ongoing romance book series by the American author Sherrilyn Kenyon. The books are published by St. Martin's Press. It consists of eleven books that take place in a future time in a place known as the Ichidian Universe. In this universe, The League is in charge. The brutal, expertly trained League Assassins are essentially the power of the government. But like all governments, even the League is corrupt. The tagline for the series is "In Morte Veritas" (In Death, There is Truth). Title: Ankara Passage: Melih Gökçek has been the Metropolitan Mayor of Ankara since 1994 as a politician from the Welfare Party. He later joined the Virtue Party and then the AKP. Initially elected in the 1994 local elections, he was re-elected in 1999, 2004 and 2009. In the 2014 local election, Gökçek stood for a fifth term. The MHP metropolitan mayoral candidate for the 2009 local elections, conservative politician Mansur Yavaş, stood as the CHP candidate against Gökçek. In a heavily controversial election, Gökçek was declared the winner by just 1% ahead of Yavaş amid allegations of systematic electoral fraud. With the Supreme Electoral Council and courts rejecting Yavaş's appeals, he has declared intention to take the irregularities to the European Court of Human Rights. Although Gökçek was inaugurated for a fifth term, most election observers believe that Yavaş was the winner of the election. Title: Crimean War Passage: Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252 Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Oğuz Abadan Passage: Oğuz Abadan is a Turkish musician born in Ankara. His music life began when he started playing the mandolin during his primary school years. At the age of twelve, he started to learn how to play the guitar. After playing along with several different amateur bands during his youth, he carried on with professionals: he has appeared in orchestras, such at the one headed by Cemil Başaran as guitarist. Title: Oğuzeli Airport Passage: Gaziantep Oğuzeli International Airport () is a public airport in Gaziantep, Turkey. Inaugurated in 1976, it is 20 km far from the city. Gaziantep Airport was extended with construction started in 1998, and achieved the international airport status in 2006. The passenger terminal covers an area of 5.799 m² and has a parking lot for 400 cars. Title: Mass-to-charge ratio Passage: In the 19th century, the mass - to - charge ratios of some ions were measured by electrochemical methods. In 1897, the mass - to - charge ratio of the electron was first measured by J.J. Thomson. By doing this, he showed that the electron was in fact a particle with a mass and a charge, and that its mass - to - charge ratio was much smaller than that of the hydrogen ion H. In 1898, Wilhelm Wien separated ions (canal rays) according to their mass - to - charge ratio with an ion optical device with superimposed electric and magnetic fields (Wien filter). In 1901 Walter Kaufman measured the increase of electromagnetic mass of fast electrons (Kaufmann -- Bucherer -- Neumann experiments), or relativistic mass increase in modern terms. In 1913, Thomson measured the mass - to - charge ratio of ions with an instrument he called a parabola spectrograph. Today, an instrument that measures the mass - to - charge ratio of charged particles is called a mass spectrometer. Title: Nahr-e Hajji Mohammad Passage: Nahr-e Hajji Mohammad (, also Romanized as Nahr-e Ḩājjī Moḩammad; also known as Ḩājj Moḩammad, Ḩāj Moḩammad, and Nahr-e Ḩājj Moḩammad) is a village in Noabad Rural District, Arvandkenar District, Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 18 families. Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. Title: Kōnia Passage: Her foster daughter Liliuokalani said "I knew no other father or mother than my foster-parents, no other sister than Bernice." Kōnia died during the influenza epidemic of Hawaii on July 2, 1857. The death of Pākī and Kōnia placed Liliuokalani under the charge of Bishop and Bernice.	[ "Ankara", "Oğuz Abadan" ]
The residents of the birth city of Sara Hall number how many?	175,155	[]	Title: Delleker, California Passage: Delleker is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plumas County, California, USA. The population was 705 at the 2010 census, up from 674 at the 2000 census. Title: California Hot Springs, California Passage: California Hot Springs is a census-designated place in Tulare County, California, United States. California Hot Springs is east of Ducor. California Hot Springs has a post office with ZIP code 93207. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. Title: Sowme'eh Sara County Passage: Sowme'eh Sara County () is a county in Gilan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Sowme'eh Sara. This county is located in the west of Gilan and is surrounded by Fuman County, Masal County and Bandar-e Anzali County. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 129,628, in 35,636 families. The county is subdivided into three districts: the Central District, Mirza Kuchek Janghli District, and Tulem District. The county has three cities: Sowme'eh Sara, Marjaghal, and Gurab Zarmikh. Title: Amesti, California Passage: Amesti is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. The population was 3,478 at the 2010 census. Title: Soulsbyville, California Passage: Soulsbyville is an unincorporated census-designated place in Tuolumne County, California, United States. The population was 2,215 at the 2010 census, up from 1,729 at the 2000 census. Formerly a California Gold Rush town, Soulsbyville is now registered as a California Historical Landmark. Title: Sara Hall Passage: Sara Hall (née Bei; born April 15, 1983 in Santa Rosa, California) is a professional American middle distance runner. She won the 3000 meter steeplechase in 10:03 at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico representing the United States. Title: Tuolumne City, California Passage: Tuolumne is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California, United States. The population was 1,779 at the 2010 census, down from 1,865 at the 2000 census. Title: Romoland, California Passage: Romoland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 1,684 at the 2010 census, down from 2,764 at the 2000 census. Title: Woodville, California Passage: Woodville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 1,740 at the 2010 census, up from 1,678 at the 2000 census. Title: Santa Rosa, California Passage: Santa Rosa (lit. Spanish for ``Saint Rose '') is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, in California's Wine Country. Its estimated 2016 population was 175,155. Santa Rosa is the largest city in California's Redwood Empire, Wine Country and the North Bay; the fifth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 28th most populous city in California. Title: Callender, California Passage: Callender is a census-designated place in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Callender is located along California State Route 1 south of Arroyo Grande. The population was 1,262 at the 2010 census. Title: Mayfair, Fresno County, California Passage: Mayfair is a census-designated place in Fresno County, California, United States. Mayfair sits at an elevation of . The 2010 U.S. census reported Mayfair's population was 4,589.	[ "Sara Hall", "Santa Rosa, California" ]
Hopewell, New Jersey is a community located in what township of the county containing Hampton Township?	Sparta Township	[]	Title: Talmudical Academy of Central New Jersey Passage: The Talmudical Academy of Central New Jersey (also known as Adelphia) is a Jewish orthodox yeshiva high school and rabbinical college located in Howell Township, New Jersey. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Hampton Township, New Jersey Passage: Hampton Township is a township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 5,196, reflecting an increase of 253 (+5.1%) from the 4,943 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 505 (+11.4%) from the 4,438 counted in the 1990 Census. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey Passage: Hopewell is an unincorporated community located within Sparta Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1,093 feet (333 m). Title: Georgia-Imeretia Governorate Passage: In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais. Title: Deninu School Passage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.	[ "Hampton Township, New Jersey", "Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey" ]
What was the original language of the movie whose title featured a kiss from the star of the film Cinderella?	Russian	[]	Title: Batman (1966 film) Passage: Batman (often promoted as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 American superhero film based on the Batman television series, and the first full - length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character Batman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin. The film hit theaters two months after the last episode of the first season of the television series. The film includes most members of the original TV cast, with the exception of Lee Meriwether as Catwoman, the character previously played by Julie Newmar in two episodes of the series' first season. Title: The Rocky Horror Picture Show Passage: The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman. The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien, who is also a member of the cast. The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, with music, book, and lyrics by O'Brien. The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s. Along with O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon, and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre, and Belasco Theatre productions. Title: Supertwink Passage: Supertwink is a 2006 American comedy film directed, written, and filmed by Richard Christy and Sal Governale. Produced and made for subscribers of Howard TV, an In Demand digital cable service operated by Howard Stern, the film stars members of Stern's radio show staff and "Wack Packers". The film premièred at the Pioneer Theater, in New York City, on January 4, 2006. Title: Cinderella (1914 film) Passage: Cinderella is a 1914 silent film starring Mary Pickford, directed by James Kirkwood Sr., produced by Daniel Frohman, and released by Famous Players Film Company. The film is based upon the fairy tale "Cinderella". The film was released on Blu-ray & DVD as a bonus feature from the DVD of "Through the Back Door" (1921). Title: The Conmen in Vegas Passage: The Conmen in Vegas is a 1999 Hong Kong action comedy film produced, written and directed by Wong Jing and is a sequel to the 1998 film, "The Conman". The film stars original returning cast members Andy Lau and Nick Cheung with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu, Alex Man and Jewel Lee in her debut film role. The film was partially filmed in the Caesars Palace Resort, Las Vegas. Title: Irreversi Passage: Irreversi is a 2010 dramatic film directed by Michael Gleissner and shot in Hong Kong as the English language version of Gleissner's Mandarin-language film "Hui lu", which he filmed and directed at the same time in the same locations but with an entirely different cast. The title refers to how a situation can reverse and turn against the original perpetrator. Title: List of The Young and the Restless characters (1970s) Passage: Elizabeth ``Liz ''Foster Brooks is an original character to The Young and the Restless; she was known for her marriages to William Foster and Stuart Brooks and was one of the show's two original matriarchs. She was portrayed by actress Julianna McCarthy on and off for 37 years until her death onscreen on June 18, 2010. Until her initial departure in 1985, McCarthy was the show's longest running cast member although she had n't been on contract in some time. Title: SportsCafe Passage: SportsCafe is a New Zealand sports TV show. The show's original run was hosted by Lana Coc-Kroft, Marc Ellis, Leigh Hart, Graeme Hill, Ric Salizzo and reporter Eva Evguenieva. In 2001 Leigh Hart was added to the cast under his persona of 'That Guy'. Title: Saturday Night Live Passage: Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show. Title: A Kiss from Mary Pickford Passage: A Kiss From Mary Pickford () is a 1927 Soviet silent comedy film made in directed by Sergei Komarov and co-written by Komarov and Vadim Shershenevich. The film, starring Igor Ilyinsky, is mostly known today because of a cameo by the popular film couple Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. The footage of the couple was shot during their visit to the USSR, with the couple knowingly participating as a gesture towards the Russian film industry. Title: The Bill Jefferson Show Passage: The Bill Jefferson Show is a television program featuring traditional country music and airing on WPXR-TV, the ION network affiliate in Roanoke, Virginia. The program is filmed in Rocky Mount, Virginia, the beginning of the "crooked road" which is an area known for its contribution to traditional American music. The show airs in 39 regions encompassing central and southwest Virginia as well as parts of West Virginia and North Carolina. Notable is the fact that it is reminiscent of the early days of country and western music with cast members dressed in country/western attire and the use of instrumentation such as steel guitar, banjo and fiddle. Title: Julie Payne (actress, born 1946) Passage: Julie Kathleen Payne (born September 11, 1946) is an American television, film and stage actress who, in a career lasting over four decades, has specialized primarily in comedy roles as well as voice acting. She was a cast member in three short-lived network sitcoms during 1983–86, and appeared in about twenty feature films and over a hundred episodes of TV series as well as providing voices for scores of TV animated shows.	[ "Cinderella (1914 film)", "A Kiss from Mary Pickford" ]
The administrative territorial entity Kadandale is located in is famous for which form of dance?	Kunitha	[]	Title: Folk arts of Karnataka Passage: The ritual dances of Karnataka are known as Kunitha. One such dance is the Dollu Kunitha, a popular dance form accompanied by singing and the beats of decorated drums. This dance is primarily performed by men from the shepherd or Kuruba caste. The Dollu Kunitha is characterized by vigorous drum beats, quick movements and synchronized group formations. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Heraclitus Passage: Heraclitus was famous for his insistence on ever - present change as being the fundamental essence of the universe, as stated in the famous saying, ``No man ever steps in the same river twice ''(see panta rhei, below). This position was complemented by his stark commitment to a unity of opposites in the world, stating that`` the path up and down are one and the same''. Through these doctrines Heraclitus characterized all existing entities by pairs of contrary properties, whereby no entity may ever occupy a single state at a single time. This, along with his cryptic utterance that ``all entities come to be in accordance with this Logos ''(literally,`` word'', ``reason '', or`` account'') has been the subject of numerous interpretations. Title: Utah Territory Passage: Territory of Utah Organized incorporated territory of the United States ← 1850 -- 1896 → → → → → Territorial coat of arms (1876) The Utah Territory upon its creation. Modern state boundaries are shown for reference. Capital Fillmore (1851 -- 1856) Salt Lake City Government Organized incorporated territory Governor 1851 -- 1858 Brigham Young 1893 -- 1896 Caleb Walton West Legislature Utah Territorial Assembly History State of Deseret 1849 Utah Organic Act September 9, 1850 Colorado Territory formed February 28, 1861 Nevada Territory formed March 2, 1861 Wyoming Territory formed July 25, 1868 Statehood January 4, 1896 Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Kadandale Passage: Kadandale is a village in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state, India. Kadandale has one of the oldest and a really magnificent Subramanya Temple. It was known to be one of the richest temples around. The income from this temple was supposedly enough to sustain several other temples around. The annual festivities of many temples around used to be conducted through this temple. The managing trustees of this temple are the Kadandale Guthu family. Agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood for the people of this area. The village is native place of Kadandale Krishna Bhat of Hotel Woodlands fame. It is also the native place of Sri Sri Sri Eesha Vittaldas Swamiji of Kemar Sandipani Ashram. In 1997, Kadandale witnessed an agitation led by K Jayaram Shetty Kadandale, against an illegal pigment factory manufacturing colours, which was planned to be set up in Kadandale, by forming Shambhavi River Environment Protection Committee.Succumbing to this pressure, Engelhard Highland Pvt. Ltd, the promoters of the pigment factory closed shop and left. Title: Georgia-Imeretia Governorate Passage: In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Hiranpur block Passage: Hiranpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division of Pakur district, Jharkhand state, India. It is located 19 km from Pakur, the district headquarters.	[ "Folk arts of Karnataka", "Kadandale" ]
Who wrote the pledge of allegiance of the country where Nassau is located?	Rev. Philip Rahming	[]	Title: Warsaw Pact Passage: The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union. Title: Pledge of Allegiance Passage: The phrase ``under God ''was incorporated into the Pledge of Allegiance on June 14, 1954, by a Joint Resolution of Congress amending § 4 of the Flag Code enacted in 1942. Title: Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg Passage: Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1 November 1596 in Dillenburg – 16 June 1626 in Quakenbrück) was a son of Count George of Nassau-Dillenburg and his first wife, Anna Amalia of Nassau-Saarbruucken. After his father died in 1623, he ruled Nassau-Dillenburg jointly with his elder brother Louis Henry until Albert died himself in 1626. Title: Nassauville, Florida Passage: Nassauville is an unincorporated community in Nassau County, Florida, United States. It is located on the northern bank of the Nassau River, near its northernmost bend. Title: John, Count of Nassau-Idstein Passage: Count John of Nassau-Idstein (born 24 November 1603 in Saarbrücken; died: 23 May 1677 in Idstein) was Count of Nassau and Protestant Regent of Idstein. Title: Oath of Allegiance (United States) Passage: The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ``Oath of Allegiance, ''8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge, and condemning the panel's ruling. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June 2004, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue. Rather, a five-justice majority held that Newdow, a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter, lacked standing to sue. Title: Tyron Akins Passage: Tyron Akins (born 6 January 1986) is a US-born hurdler competing internationally for Nigeria. He switched allegiance from his country of birth to Nigeria in 2014 and has since won several medals on the continental level. Title: Pledge of Allegiance (Bahamas) Passage: The Pledge Of Allegiance is the national pledge of The Commonwealth of the Bahamas which was written by Rev. Philip Rahming. Title: Nassau, Bahamas Passage: Nassau's modern growth began in the late eighteenth century, with the influx of thousands of American Loyalists and their slaves to the Bahamas following the American War of Independence. Many of them settled in Nassau (then and still the commerce capital of the Bahamas) and eventually came to outnumber the original inhabitants. Title: Pledge of Allegiance Passage: The Pledge of Allegiance, as it exists in its current form, was composed in August 1892 by Francis Bellamy (1855 -- 1931), who was a Baptist minister, a Christian socialist, and the cousin of socialist utopian novelist Edward Bellamy (1850 -- 1898). There did exist a previous version created by Rear Admiral George Balch, a veteran of the Civil War, who later become auditor of the New York Board of Education. Balch's pledge, which existed contemporaneously with the Bellamy version until the 1923 National Flag Conference, read: Title: Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg Passage: Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg (also known as "Adolph of Nassau-Dillenburg"; 23 January 1629 – 19 December 1676) was the founder of the short-lived "Nassau-Schaumburg" line.	[ "Pledge of Allegiance (Bahamas)", "Nassau, Bahamas" ]
When was the spring training facility of Mike Aldrete's team built?	1976	[]	Title: Elfin MS8 Streamliner Passage: The Elfin MS8 Streamliner models have been designed by Elfin Sports Cars and styled by the Holden Design team when Mike Simcoe was Styling Director. Title: EMC AB6 Passage: The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the "Rock Island Line") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the "Rocky Mountain Rocket" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs. Title: Bosön Passage: Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön. Title: Florida Panthers Passage: The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team's local broadcasting rights has been held by Fox Sports Florida (formerly SportsChannel Florida) since 1996. The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena, before moving to the BB&T Center in 1998. Located in Sunrise, Florida, the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL. Title: Tuvalu Passage: Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship. Title: Mike Aldrete Passage: Michael Peter Aldrete (born January 29, 1961) is a former first baseman/outfielder in Major League Baseball and is currently the first base coach for the Oakland Athletics. Title: George M. Steinbrenner Field Passage: George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home. Title: Vityaz Ice Palace Passage: Vityaz Ice Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Podolsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 5,500 and was built in 2000. The home games of Russkie Vityazi, the junior team of Vityaz Chekhov, are played in the arena. Until 2006 it was the home arena of the HC MVD ice hockey team. Title: Spring training Passage: Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News. Title: Sloan Park Passage: Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.	[ "Chicago Cubs", "Mike Aldrete" ]
What was the date of death of Anne Fitzalan-Howard, formerly Duchess of the county where Mark Thompson was born?	8 April 2013	[]	Title: Lea Thompson Passage: Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress, television director, and television producer. She is known for her role as Lorraine Baines in the Back to the Future trilogy and as the title character in the 1990s NBC sitcom Caroline in the City. Other films for which she is known include All the Right Moves (1983), Red Dawn (1984), Howard the Duck (1986) Some Kind of Wonderful (1987), and The Beverly Hillbillies (1993). From 2011 - 2017, she co-starred as Kathryn Kennish in the Freeform (formerly ABC Family) series Switched at Birth. Title: Lea Thompson Passage: Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress, director, and television producer. She is known for her role as Lorraine Baines in the Back to the Future trilogy and as the title character in the 1990s NBC sitcom Caroline in the City. Other films for which she is known include All the Right Moves (1983), Red Dawn (1984), Howard the Duck (1986), Some Kind of Wonderful (1987), and The Beverly Hillbillies (1993). From 2011 - 2017, she co-starred as Kathryn Kennish in the Freeform (formerly ABC Family) series Switched at Birth. Title: Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk Passage: Anne Mary Teresa Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, ("née" Constable-Maxwell; 30 August 1927 – 8 April 2013) was a British peeress and humanitarian. Title: Mark Thompson (astronomer) Passage: Mark Thompson (born 1973, Norfolk, England) is a British astronomer, television presenter and writer best known for being one of the presenting team on the BBC show "Stargazing Live" and is a regular face on "Good Morning Britain". Title: Jack Thompson (activist) Passage: John Bruce Thompson (born July 25, 1951) is an American activist and disbarred attorney, based in Coral Gables, Florida. Thompson is known for his role as an anti-video-game activist, particularly against violence and sex in video games. During his time as an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as obscenity in modern culture. This included rap music, broadcasts by shock jock Howard Stern, the content of computer and video games and their alleged effects on children. Title: Renata of Lorraine Passage: Renata of Lorraine (20 April 1544 – 22 May 1602), was by birth a member of the House of Lorraine and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria. Title: One Day at a Time Passage: Michael Lembeck joined the series as Julie's husband, Max, in the fifth season, but he was written out as a consequence of Phillips' firing (but later returned in season seven along with Philips). A steady stream of regulars was added in the ensuing seasons, including Ron Rifkin as Ann's boyfriend, Nick; Glenn Scarpelli as Nick's son, Alex; and Boyd Gaines as Barbara's boyfriend, later husband, Mark. Shelley Fabares, who had previously guest - starred as Ann's rival co-worker Francine Webster, appeared more frequently, eventually becoming a regular. Nanette Fabray, who played Ann's mother, also made more frequent appearances before becoming a regular cast member in the final season. Howard Hesseman joined the series for a short time as Mark's father, Sam, who would become Ann's second husband. Title: Magdalena of Brandenburg, Countess of Hohenzollern Passage: Magdalene of Brandenburg (1460 in Tangermünde – 17 June 1496 at Hohenzollern Castle) was a German noblewoman. She was a princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage a Duchess of Hohenzollern. Title: Floods of Fear Passage: Floods of Fear is a 1959 British thriller film directed by Charles Crichton and starring Howard Keel, Anne Heywood and Harry H. Corbett. Title: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders Passage: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (11 September 1494 in Celle – 2 April 1572 in Geldern) was a Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Guelders. Title: Anne of Cleves Passage: The role of Anne of Cleves was played by actress and singer Joss Stone in the Showtime cable television series The Tudors. The series downplays Anne's naiveté and exaggerates her popularity so as to provide a foil for the immature, unpopular Catherine Howard. The series also has an anachronistically svelte Henry engaging in an affair with Anne after his marriage to Catherine Howard, realizing too late that he ``like (s) her after all. '' Title: Anne Boleyn Passage: Anne's family also profited from the relationship. Her father, already Viscount Rochford, was created Earl of Wiltshire. Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond. At the magnificent banquet to celebrate her father's elevation, Anne took precedence over the Duchesses of Suffolk and Norfolk, seated in the place of honour beside the King which was usually occupied by the Queen. Thanks to Anne's intervention, her widowed sister Mary received an annual pension of £100, and Mary's son, Henry Carey, was educated at a prestigious Cistercian monastery.	[ "Mark Thompson (astronomer)", "Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk" ]
He who garnered the most electoral votes in 1824 had a nephew named what?	Daniel Smith Donelson	[]	Title: Daniel Smith Donelson Passage: Daniel Smith Donelson (June 23, 1801 – April 17, 1863) was a Tennessee politician and soldier. The historic river-port of Fort Donelson was named for him as a Brigadier in the Tennessee militia, early in the American Civil War, in which he went on to serve as a Confederate general, notably at Perryville and Stones River. He was the nephew of America's seventh president, Andrew Jackson. Title: 1800 United States presidential election Passage: The election exposed one of the flaws in the original Constitution of the United States. Members of the Electoral College were authorized by the original Constitution to vote for two names for President, theoretically one for the preferred President and one for the preferred Vice President but in fact counted up into the same ballot, enabling the possibility that a vice presidential candidate could be elected President. (The two - vote ballot was created in order to try to maximize the possibility that one candidate received votes from a majority of the electors nationwide; the drafters of the Constitution had not anticipated the rise of organized political parties, which made it much easier to attain a nationwide majority.) The candidate with the most electoral votes would become President and the candidate with the second most would become Vice President. The Democratic - Republicans had planned for one of the electors to abstain from casting his second vote for Aaron Burr, which would have led to Jefferson receiving one electoral vote more than Burr, making Jefferson President and Burr Vice President. The plan, however, was mishandled. Each elector who voted for Jefferson also voted for Burr, resulting in a tied electoral vote. The election was then put into the hands of the outgoing House of Representatives, which, after 35 votes in which neither Jefferson nor Burr obtained a majority, elected Jefferson on the 36th ballot. Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote. Title: 2016 United States presidential election in Texas Passage: The 2016 United States presidential election in Texas was won by Republican Donald Trump and his running mate Mike Pence by a 9% margin over Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine, part of the November 8, 2016 General Election. Texas assigns its 38 Electoral College votes to the state's popular vote winner, but two faithless electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016 to give Trump fewer than the assigned electoral votes. Title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador Passage: The election was won by Enrique Peña Nieto of the PRI, with 38.2%, to 31.6% for López Obrador. López Obrador did not accept the preliminary results, as a majority of votes had yet to be counted.Subsequently, he claimed vote buying and other irregularities, and demanded a full recount by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE).The IFE found some irregularities, but confirmed the results on 6 July. López Obrador rejected this announcement, and on 12 July filed a complaint for invalidation of the election. He alleged vote-buying, spending in excess of election regulations, illegal fund raising, and vote fraud. But on 30 August, the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary rejected his complaint. Title: 2018 Zimbabwean general election Passage: On 1 August, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission released preliminary results which show that the ruling party ZANU - PF has won the majority of seats in parliament. On 3 August, the Commission declared incumbent President Emmerson Mnangagwa the winner after receiving 2,460,463 (50.8%) votes to Nelson Chamisa's 2,147,436 (44.3%). Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: United States presidential election, 1824 ← 1820 October 26 -- December 2, 1824 1828 → All 261 electoral votes of the Electoral College 131 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 26.9% 16.8 pp Nominee John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson Party Democratic - Republican Democratic - Republican Home state Massachusetts Tennessee Running mate John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Electoral vote 84 99 States carried 7 (in EC) 13 (in HR) 11 (in EC) 7 (in HR) Popular vote 113,122 151,271 Percentage 30.9% 41.4% Nominee William H. Crawford Henry Clay Party Democratic - Republican Democratic - Republican Home state Georgia Kentucky Running mate Nathaniel Macon (replacing Albert Gallatin) Nathan Sanford Electoral vote 41 37 States carried 3 (in EC) 4 (in HR) 3 (in EC) Popular vote 40,856 47,531 Percentage 11.2% 13.0% Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Jackson, orange denotes those won by Crawford, green denotes those won by Adams, light yellow denotes those won by Clay. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election James Monroe Democratic - Republican Elected President John Quincy Adams Democratic - Republican Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: In the election, Adams won New England, Jackson and Adams split the mid-Atlantic states, Jackson and Clay split the Western states, and Jackson and Crawford split the Southern states. Jackson finished with a plurality of the electoral and popular vote, while the other three candidates each finished with a significant share of the electoral and popular vote. As no one had won a majority of the electoral vote, the 1824 election became the first (and, so far, only) election to be decided in the House of Representatives under the terms of the 12th Amendment. The 12th Amendment specified that only the three top finishers in the electoral vote were eligible to be selected by the House, thus eliminating Clay, who was influential within that chamber. In the contingent election, Clay threw his support behind Adams, who shared many of his positions on the major issues. With Clay's backing, Adams won the contingent election on the first ballot. Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first U.S. presidential election where the elected president lost the popular vote, and the only presidential election in which the candidate who received the most electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become President, a source of great bitterness for Jackson and his supporters, who proclaimed the election of Adams a corrupt bargain. Title: United States Electoral College Passage: If no candidate for president receives a majority of electoral votes for president, the Twelfth Amendment provides that the House of Representatives will select the president, with each of the fifty state delegations casting one vote. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president, then the Senate will select the vice president, with each of the 100 senators having one vote. Title: 2000 United States presidential election Passage: On election night, it was unclear who had won, with the electoral votes of the state of Florida still undecided. The returns showed that Bush had won Florida by such a close margin that state law required a recount. A month - long series of legal battles led to the contentious, 5 -- 4 Supreme Court decision of Bush v. Gore, which ended the recount. With the end of the recount, Bush won Florida by a margin of. 009%, or 537 votes. The Florida recount and subsequent litigation resulted in a major post-election controversy, and various individuals and organizations have speculated about who would have won the election in various scenarios. Ultimately, Bush won 271 electoral votes, one more than was necessary for the majority, and narrowly lost the popular vote to Gore. Title: United States Electoral College Passage: Each state chooses electors, equal in number to that state's combined total of senators and representatives. There are a total of 538 electors, corresponding to the 435 representatives and 100 senators, plus the three electors for the District of Columbia as provided by the Twenty - third Amendment. The Constitution bars any federal official, elected or appointed, from being an elector. The Office of the Federal Register is charged with administering the Electoral College. Since the mid-19th century when all electors have been popularly chosen, the Electoral College has elected the candidate who received the most popular votes nationwide, except in four elections: 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. In 1824, there were six states in which electors were legislatively appointed, rather than popularly elected, so the true national popular vote is uncertain; the electors failed to select a winning candidate, so the matter was decided by the House of Representatives.	[ "Daniel Smith Donelson", "1824 United States presidential election" ]
In what county is the city where Alpha Industries was founded?	Knox County	[]	Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Knoxville City-County Building Passage: The Knoxville City-County Building is a building at 400 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee that houses the offices of the city government of Knoxville and the county government of Knox County, Tennessee. It also houses the Knox County Jail. The building stands ten stories, and contains of office space. At the time it was built it was said to be the largest office building in Tennessee. Title: WXLC Passage: WXLC is an FM radio station that operates on the 102.3 frequency, based in Waukegan, Illinois. The format is currently hot adult contemporary and its owned by Alpha Media. WXLC broadcasts throughout Lake County, Illinois and Kenosha County, Wisconsin. WXLC also penetrates the Illinois counties of Cook and McHenry in addition to Racine County in Wisconsin as well. Its studios and transmitter are located separately in Waukegan. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: WWUZ Passage: WWUZ is a classic rock formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Bowling Green, Virginia, serving Metro Fredericksburg. WWUZ is owned and operated by Alpha Media LLC, through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: WJMI Passage: WJMI (99.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Jackson, Mississippi, United States, with a Mainstream Urban musical format. The station is owned by Alpha Media through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. Along with five other sister stations, its studios are located in Ridgeland, a suburb of Jackson, while the transmitter tower is south of Raymond. Title: KKBB Passage: KKBB (99.3 FM, "Groove 99-3") is a commercial radio station located in Bakersfield, California. The station is owned by Alpha Media, LLC, through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. KKBB airs a rhythmic oldies music format. The station was assigned the KKBB call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 9, 1994. KKBB's studios and transmitter are separately located in Oildale. Title: Alpha Industries Passage: Alpha Industries is an American clothing manufacturer founded in 1959 in Knoxville, Tennessee. Initially a contractor to the United States military, the company grew into an international commercial seller of American military style and fashion apparel. Alpha makes items such as flight jackets and vests, and has made jackets for the military of the United States like the M65 Jacket for over half a century. The jackets are made for men and women, as well as children. Popular models include the MA-1 and CWU-45/P pilot jackets. Title: KEZR Passage: KEZR (106.5 FM, "Mix 106") is a radio station licensed to San Jose, California and serving the San Francisco Bay Area. They program an Adult Top 40 format and are owned by Alpha Media through the licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. Co-owned with KBAY, its studios are located in South San Jose just off US 101 on Hellyer Ave, and the transmitter is based from a site in Santa Teresa County Park. Title: WGTZ Passage: WGTZ is a commercial FM station licensed in Eaton, Ohio at 92.9 MHz serving the Dayton and Springfield market area with an adult hits format, branded as "92.9 Jack FM." It is currently owned by Portland, Oregon-based Alpha Media. Its studios are located in Kettering, Ohio (with a Dayton address) and its transmitter is in Brookville, Ohio. Title: KDLO-FM Passage: KDLO-FM (96.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format serving Watertown, South Dakota, United States. The station is currently owned by Alpha Media, through licensee Digity 3E License, LLC. The 100,000 kilowatt 1600 ft tower is located in Garden City, South Dakota.	[ "Knoxville City-County Building", "Alpha Industries" ]
When did Fred Sargent's team win a trophy last time?	2015	[]	Title: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Passage: Anglo - Italian League Cup: Winners (1): 1971 Costa Del Sol Tournament: Winners (2): 1965, 1966 Nolia Cup: Winners (1): 1977 Kirin Cup: Winners (1): 1979 Sun International Challenge Trophy: Winners (1): 1983 Peace Cup: Winners (1): 2005 Vodacom Challenge: Winners (2): 2007, 2011 Feyenoord Jubileum Tournament: Winners (1): 2008 Barclays Asia Trophy: Winners (1): 2009 AIA Cup: Winners (1): 2015 Title: Fred Birt Passage: Fred Birt (10 November 1886 – 5 July 1956) was a Welsh international, rugby union centre who played club rugby for Newport and county rugby with Monmouthshire. He won seven caps for Wales but is most notable for his outstanding performance against the 1912 touring South African team for Newport. He was also a member of the Wales bowls team. Title: Fred Sargent Passage: Sargent was a right winger who played for Tottenham Hotspur between 1934–1935 making 109 appearances (93 league and 16 F.A. Cup) and scored 31 goals for the club. From the 1945–46 season he played for Chelmsford City. Sargent died in 1948 and a testimonial match was played on 20 September that year at the Chelmsford's New Writtle Street stadium between the two clubs he had played for. Title: Tony Moulai Passage: Tony Moulai (born 17 January 1976 in Saint-Nazaire) is a triathlete from France. Moulai has won three silver medals in his entire sporting career, including one for mixed team relay, and is currently ranked no. 13 in the world by the International Triathlon Union. He is also a member of the Poissy Triathlon team. Title: Rugby World Cup Passage: The winners are awarded the William Webb Ellis Cup, named after William Webb Ellis, the Rugby School pupil who -- according to a popular legend -- invented rugby by picking up the ball during a football game. Four countries have won the trophy; New Zealand have won it three times, two teams have won twice, Australia and South Africa, while England have won it once. Title: 2008 Guadiana Trophy Passage: The 2008 Guadiana Trophy competition took place between 25–27 July 2008 and featured Benfica, Sporting Clube de Portugal, and Blackburn Rovers. Sporting won in the final match against rivals Benfica. Title: Portugal Passage: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP are the largest sports clubs by popularity and by number of trophies won, often known as "os três grandes" ("the big three"). They have won eight titles in the European UEFA club competitions, were present in many finals and have been regular contenders in the last stages almost every season. Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the "big three", compete in several other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity, these may include roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball. The Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol – annually hosts the Algarve Cup, a prestigious women`s football tournament that has been celebrated in the Algarvian part of Portugal. Title: 2007 Guadiana Trophy Passage: The 2007 Guadiana Trophy competition took place between 3-5 August 2007 and featured Benfica, Sporting Clube de Portugal, and Real Betis. Benfica won in the final against rivals Sporting. Title: 2002 Solheim Cup Passage: The 7th Solheim Cup Match was held between September 20 and September 22, 2002 at Interlachen Country Club, Edina, Minnesota, USA. Team USA won the trophy for the fifth time by a score of 15½ to 12½ points. Rosie Jones gained the winning point in her victory over Karine Icher. Title: 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy Passage: The 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Lakeside circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 November 1965. It was the ninth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Ian Geoghegan driving a Lotus 23b. Title: Uruguay at the FIFA World Cup Passage: Uruguay have won four FIFA - organized World Football Championships. They won the first World Championship organized by FIFA under the Olympic Committee umbrella with true representation from all continents; before then, football in the Olympics comprised only European teams). Uruguay then won the next two World Championships (Jules Rimet Trophy) in which they participated; these tournaments, the 1930 and 1950 FIFA World Cups, were fully independent from the Olympics and employed clear rules distinguishing professional and amateur football players. Since 1924 marked the beginning of true international football competition, organized by FIFA, FIFA recognizes Uruguay as four - time world champions and allows the team to wear four stars on their uniforms during official international football competitions. (Before 1974, the FIFA World Cup was referred to as the Football World Championship, and the nine champions from 1930 to 1970 received replicas of the Jules Rimet Trophy. Uruguay hosted and won the first FIFA World Cup in 1930, beating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final. They won their fourth and last title in 1950, upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match. The team have qualified for twelve World Cups, reaching the second round in all but three, the semifinals five times, and the finals twice. They also won the gold medal in Olympic football twice, in 1924 and 1928, before the creation of the World Cup. Uruguay won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament comprising former World Cup champions hosted in Uruguay to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first World Championship. Uruguay is one of the most successful teams in the world, having won 19 FIFA official titles: 2 World Championships, 2 Olympic Games, and 15 Copa América championships. Title: Real Madrid CF Passage: Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships.	[ "Tottenham Hotspur F.C.", "Fred Sargent" ]
What was the original broadcaster of the PGA Tour on the network that aired MDs?	American Broadcasting Company	[ "ABC" ]	Title: KUNM Passage: KUNM is a public radio station broadcasting on FM 89.9 MHz from high atop Sandia Crest, with broadcasts originating from the third floor of Oñate Hall, on the campus of the University of New Mexico (UNM) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Title: Tiger Woods Passage: Tiger Woods Woods in June 2018 Full name Eldrick Tont Woods Nickname Tiger (1975 - 12 - 30) December 30, 1975 (age 42) Cypress, California Height 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) Weight 185 lb (84 kg) Nationality United States Residence Jupiter Island, Florida Spouse Elin Nordegren (2004 -- 2010) Children Career College Stanford University (did not graduate) Turned professional Current tour (s) PGA Tour (joined 1996) Professional wins 107 Number of wins by tour PGA Tour 80 (2nd all time) European Tour 40 (3rd all time) Japan Golf Tour Asian Tour PGA Tour of Australasia Other 16 Best results in major championships (wins: 14) Masters Tournament Won: 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005 U.S. Open Won: 2000, 2002, 2008 The Open Championship Won: 2000, 2005, 2006 PGA Championship Won: 1999, 2000, 2006, 2007 Achievements and awards PGA Tour Rookie of the Year PGA Player of the Year 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013 PGA Tour Player of the Year 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013 PGA Tour leading money winner 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013 Vardon Trophy 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013 Byron Nelson Award 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 FedEx Cup Champion 2007, 2009 (For a full list of awards, see here) Title: Mike Fetchick Passage: Michael Fetchick (October 13, 1922 – March 8, 2012) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour. Title: MDs (TV series) Passage: MDs "(Medical Doctors)" is an American television medical drama that aired on ABC in 2002. It starred William Fichtner as Dr. Bruce Kellerman, Jane Lynch as Aileen Poole, and John Hannah as Dr. Robert Dalgety. The series only lasted one season, and though 11 episodes were filmed, only 8 were ever aired. The series was never released on DVD and it is very hard to find. The only known full length episodes of "MDs" can be found on YouTube. "MDs" was written and created by Gary Tieche. Title: Maryland Route 794 Passage: Maryland Route 794 (MD 794) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Southern Maryland Boulevard, the highway runs from MD 4 in Bristol north to MD 408 at Waysons Corner in southwestern Anne Arundel County. MD 794 is the old alignment of MD 4 between Bristol and Waysons Corner. Southern Maryland Boulevard was constructed in the late 1920s and was designated MD 416. MD 416 was expanded to a divided highway in the early 1960s, shortly before MD 416 became part of MD 4. Northbound MD 4 followed the original alignment of MD 416 until MD 4 was upgraded to a freeway in the early 1990s and MD 794 was extended along its current course. Title: Brian Henninger Passage: Brian Hatfield Henninger (born October 19, 1962) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour. He has won two tournaments on the PGA Tour and three on the Nationwide Tour. Title: The Dotty Mack Show Passage: The Dotty Mack Show is an American variety show originally broadcast on the now defunct DuMont Television Network in 1953, and on ABC from 1953 to 1956. Title: Tiger Woods Passage: Tiger Woods Woods in June 2014 Full name Eldrick Tont Woods Nickname Tiger (1975 - 12 - 30) December 30, 1975 (age 42) Cypress, California Height 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) Weight 185 lb (84 kg) Nationality United States Residence Jupiter Island, Florida Spouse Elin Nordegren (2004 -- 2010) Children Career College Stanford University (did not graduate) Turned professional Current tour (s) PGA Tour (joined 1996) Professional wins 106 Number of wins by tour PGA Tour 79 (2nd all time) European Tour 40 (3rd all time) Japan Golf Tour Asian Tour PGA Tour of Australasia Other 16 Best results in major championships (wins: 14) Masters Tournament Won: 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005 U.S. Open Won: 2000, 2002, 2008 The Open Championship Won: 2000, 2005, 2006 PGA Championship Won: 1999, 2000, 2006, 2007 Achievements and awards PGA Tour Rookie of the Year PGA Player of the Year 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013 PGA Tour Player of the Year 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013 PGA Tour leading money winner 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013 Vardon Trophy 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013 Byron Nelson Award 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 FedEx Cup Champion 2007, 2009 (For a full list of awards, see here) Title: PGA Tour on ABC Passage: PGA Tour on ABC is the "de facto" branding used for telecasts of the main professional golf tournaments of the PGA Tour on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. ABC broadcast the PGA Tour from 1966 to 2006. From 1962 to 2009, ABC served as the broadcast home of The Open Championship. The British Open on ABC was the longest-running entertainment program in ABC's history and the last-surviving ABC program to debut in the "circle a" era. ABC also held the broadcast rights of the US Open from 1966 through 1994. and the PGA Championship from 1965 until 1990. Title: The Bill Passage: The Bill is a British police procedural television series, first broadcast on ITV from 16 October 1984 until 31 August 2010. The programme originated from a one-off drama, "Woodentop", broadcast in August 1983. Title: Stuart Cable Passage: Stuart Cable (19 May 1970 – 7 June 2010) was a Welsh rock drummer and broadcaster, best known as the original drummer for the band Stereophonics. Title: Scott Pinckney Passage: Scott Pinckney (born March 13, 1989) is an American professional golfer who has played on the European Tour, Challenge Tour, Web.com Tour, and PGA Tour.	[ "MDs (TV series)", "PGA Tour on ABC" ]
In what year did the country where Horseed is located become independent?	1960	[]	Title: Samora Machel Passage: Machel's second wife, Graça Simbine, joined Frelimo in 1973 after graduating in modern languages from Lisbon University. She worked as a teacher, first in Frelimo-held areas in Cabo Delgado province, and then at the Frelimo school in Tanzania. She became Minister for Education and Culture in newly independent Mozambique. She and Machel were married three months after Independence, in September 1975. In April 1976 a daughter, Josina, was born, and in December 1978 a son, Malengane. At Independence Machel's five older children joined Josina Machel's son Samito in the Presidential household. In 1998, twelve years after Samora Machel's death, Graça Machel married Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, thus becoming the only woman to have been First Lady of two countries. Title: Horseed Passage: Horseed is a district of Marka, a city in the Shabelle Hoose region in southern Somalia. Its geographical coordinates are 1° 45' 0" North, 44° 38' 0" East. Title: Northern mockingbird Passage: The northern mockingbird pairs hatch about 2 to 4 broods a year. In one breeding season, the northern mockingbird lays an average of 4 eggs. They hatch after about 11 to 14 days of incubation. After about 10 to 15 days of life, the offspring become independent. Title: Eritrea Passage: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa. Title: Tracy Chamoun Passage: Chamoun was an outspoken critic of the former Syrian occupation of Lebanon. She has described her country's independence as a "myth". Before the Independence Day celebrations in 1990 she asked rhetorically: Title: Constitutional Convention (United States) Passage: In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing that the Convention would work to its disadvantage, boycotted the Convention and, when the Constitution was put to the states during the next year of controversial debates, initially refused to ratify it, waiting until May 1790 to become the thirteenth, a year after the new federal government commenced. Title: Estonian language Passage: After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. Title: Solomon Hochoy Passage: Sir Solomon Hochoy GCMG GCVO OBE (20 April 1905 -- 15 November 1983) was a Trinidad and Tobago politician. He was the last British governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the first governor - general upon the country's independence in 1962. He was the first non-white governor of a British crown colony and the first ethnically Chinese and nationally Caribbean person to become governor - general in the Commonwealth. Title: Crimean War Passage: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection. Title: Play Something Country Passage: "Play Something Country" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn, co-written by Ronnie Dunn and Terry McBride. It was released in June 2005 as the first single from the duo's album "Hillbilly Deluxe". In September of that year, the song reached the top of the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts, becoming the twentieth and final Number One hit of the duo's career. Title: Somalis Passage: A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991). Title: Black people Passage: As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.	[ "Somalis", "Horseed" ]

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