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In what county is the city of Moran which is the home state of Dorothy from the Wizard of Oz?	Allen County	[ "Allen County, Kansas" ]	Title: Moran, Kansas Passage: Moran is a city in Allen County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 558. Title: Dorothy Gale Passage: In later novels, the Land of Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas. Indeed, Dorothy eventually goes to live in an apartment in the Emerald City's palace but only after her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry have settled in a farmhouse on its outskirts, unable to pay the mortgage on their house in Kansas. Dorothy's best friend Princess Ozma, ruler of Oz, officially makes her a princess of Oz later in the novels. Title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) Passage: The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in American history, it is the best - known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat Walshe and Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto), and the Singer Midgets as the Munchkins. Title: Over the Rainbow Passage: ``Over the Rainbow ''is a ballad, with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by Yip Harburg. It was written for the movie The Wizard of Oz and was sung by actress Judy Garland, in her starring role as Dorothy Gale. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song, as well as one of the most enduring standards of the 20th century. Title: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Passage: When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard of Oz again, Toto tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room that reveals the Wizard. He sadly explains he is a humbug -- an ordinary old man who, by a hot air balloon, came to Oz long ago from Omaha. The Wizard provides the Scarecrow with a head full of bran, pins, and needles (``a lot of bran - new brains ''), the Tin Woodman with a silk heart stuffed with sawdust, and the Cowardly Lion a potion of`` courage''. Their faith in the Wizard's power gives these items a focus for their desires. The Wizard decides to take Dorothy and Toto home and leave the Emerald City. At the send - off, he appoints the Scarecrow to rule in his stead, which he agrees to do after Dorothy returns to Kansas. Toto chases a kitten in the crowd and Dorothy goes after him, but the tethers of the balloon break and the Wizard floats away.	[ "Dorothy Gale", "Moran, Kansas" ]
What is the climate like in the city where Sure of You takes place?	a warm - summer Mediterranean climate	[]	Title: Sure of You Passage: Sure of You (1989) is the sixth book in the "Tales of the City" series by San Francisco novelist Armistead Maupin. The story takes place around the eve of the 1988 presidential election in the U.S., three years after the previous book "Significant Others". The book was written as the end to the Tales series and is the antithesis of the first book. Title: Climate of Italy Passage: Italy has a variety of climate systems. The inland northern areas of Italy (for example Turin, Milan, and Bologna) have a relatively cool, mid-latitude version of the Humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), while the coastal areas of Liguria and the peninsula south of Florence generally fit the Mediterranean climate profile (Köppen climate classification Csa). Title: Climate of Vancouver Passage: The climate of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is a moderate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) that borders on a warm - summer Mediterranean climate Csb. With summer months that are typically dry, often resulting in moderate drought conditions, usually in July and August. In contrast, the rest of the year is rainy, especially between October and March. Title: San Francisco Passage: San Francisco has a warm - summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) characteristic of California's coast, with moist mild winters and dry summers. San Francisco's weather is strongly influenced by the cool currents of the Pacific Ocean on the west side of the city, and the water of San Francisco Bay to the north and east. This moderates temperature swings and produces a remarkably mild year - round climate with little seasonal temperature variation. Title: Climate of Los Angeles Passage: The Climate of Los Angeles is a year - round mild - to - hot and mostly dry climate for the Los Angeles metropolitan area in California. The climate is classified as a Mediterranean climate, which is a type of dry subtropical climate. It is characterized by seasonal changes in rainfall -- with a dry summer and a winter rainy season -- but relatively modest transitions in temperature. Under the modified Köppen climate classification, the coastal areas are classified as Csb, and the inland areas as Csa.	[ "San Francisco", "Sure of You" ]
What country holds a Roman Catholic Archdiocese, in the city where Raja Chulan Monorail station is found?	Malaysia	[ "my" ]	Title: Marius Maziers Passage: Maziers was born in Siran, France and was ordained a priest on 9 October 1938 in the Roman Catholic faith. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of Lyon on 17 December 1959, along with Titular Bishop of Augustopolis in Phrygia, and consecrated on 25 February 1960. He was appointed the Coadjutor Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux and Titular Bishop of Zica. Maziers was appointed bishop of the Archdiocese of Bordeaux on 6 February 1968 until his retirement from archdiocese on 31 May 1989. Title: Hales Franciscan High School Passage: Hales Franciscan High School (known simply as Hales) is a private 4-year Roman Catholic high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago. Title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur Passage: The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Malaysia. It was erected as the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur by Pope Pius XII on 25 February 1955, and was elevated to the rank of a Metropolitan Archdiocese on 18 December 1972, with the suffragan sees of Malacca-Johor and Penang. It also administers the capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur and the states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Terengganu. The archdiocese's Mother Church and thus, seat of its Archbishop, is St. John's Cathedral. Title: Caritas Academy Passage: Caritas Academy was an all-girls private, Roman Catholic high school in Jersey City, New Jersey. It operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Title: Raja Chulan Monorail station Passage: The Raja Chulan station is located closer to the northern side of the Kuala Lumpur Golden Triangle, a designated commercial hub in the city. The station is also situated over Jalan Sultan Ismail, stopping between several commercial skyscrapers directly north from the Sultan Ismail-"Changkat Raja Chulan" intersection. The station has two exits to both sides of Sultan Ismail Road, and is apparently named after "Changkat Raja Chulan".	[ "Raja Chulan Monorail station", "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur" ]
When was the astronomical clock built in the city where Karel Farský died?	1410	[]	Title: Karel Farský Passage: Karel Farský (26 July 1880, in Škodějov, Semily District, Bohemia – 12 June 1927, in Prague) was a Czech Roman Catholic priest, and later founder and first patriarch (1920) of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. He was Bishop of the West Bohemia (Prague) Diocese of the Czechoslovak Church from 1923 when he became the first patriarch of the church keeping both titles of patriarch and bishop until his death in 1927. he was succeeded by Gustav Adolf Procházka who took office in 1928. Title: Prague astronomical clock Passage: The oldest part of the Orloj, the mechanical clock and astronomical dial, dates back to 1410 when it was made by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel, then later a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Charles University. The first recorded mention of the clock was on 9 October 1410. Later, presumably around 1490, the calendar dial was added and the clock facade was decorated with gothic sculptures. Title: Brain Passage: A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of about 24 hours, circadian rhythms: these activity fluctuations are driven by rhythmic changes in expression of a set of "clock genes". The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock. Title: Big Ben Passage: The clock's movement is famous for its reliability. The designers were the lawyer and amateur horologist Edmund Beckett Denison, and George Airy, the Astronomer Royal. Construction was entrusted to clockmaker Edward John Dent; after his death in 1853 his stepson Frederick Dent completed the work, in 1854. As the tower was not complete until 1859, Denison had time to experiment: instead of using the deadbeat escapement and remontoire as originally designed, Denison invented the double three-legged gravity escapement. This escapement provides the best separation between pendulum and clock mechanism. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box beneath the clockroom. It is 13 feet (4.0 m) long, weighs 660 pounds (300 kg), suspended on a strip of spring steel 1⁄64 inch in thickness, and beats every two seconds. The clockwork mechanism in a room below weighs five tons. Title: Time Passage: The most precise timekeeping device of the ancient world was the water clock, or clepsydra, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC). They could be used to measure the hours even at night, but required manual upkeep to replenish the flow of water. The Ancient Greeks and the people from Chaldea (southeastern Mesopotamia) regularly maintained timekeeping records as an essential part of their astronomical observations. Arab inventors and engineers in particular made improvements on the use of water clocks up to the Middle Ages. In the 11th century, Chinese inventors and engineers invented the first mechanical clocks driven by an escapement mechanism.	[ "Prague astronomical clock", "Karel Farský" ]
Who sings Mack the Knife with the performer of Only the Lonely?	Quincy Jones	[ "Quincy", "Q" ]	Title: Mack the Knife Passage: ``Mack the Knife ''was introduced to the United States hit parade by Louis Armstrong in 1956, but the song is most closely associated with Bobby Darin, who recorded his version at Fulton Studios on West 40th Street, New York City, on December 19, 1958 (with Tom Dowd engineering the recording). Even though Darin was reluctant to release the song as a single, in 1959 it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and number six on the Black Singles chart, and earned him a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. Dick Clark had advised Darin not to record the song because of the perception that, having come from an opera, it would not appeal to the rock and roll audience. In subsequent years, Clark recounted the story with good humor. Frank Sinatra, who recorded the song with Quincy Jones on his L.A. Is My Lady album, called Darin's the`` definitive'' version. Billboard ranked this version as the No. 2 song for 1959. Darin's version was No. 3 on Billboard's All Time Top 100. In 2003, the Darin version was ranked # 251 on Rolling Stone's ``The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time ''list. On BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, pop mogul Simon Cowell named`` Mack the Knife'' the best song ever written. Darin's version of the song was featured in the movies Quiz Show and What Women Want. Both Armstrong and Darin's versions were inducted by the Library of Congress in the National Recording Registry in 2016. Title: Andrea Robinson (singer) Passage: Andrea Robinson is an American singer and voice actress. She has been a chorus member and singing voice for other actresses in many films (animated and live action). She also was the opening act for Burt Bacharach. Her most prominent job as a singing voice of another actress is Sister Mary Robert (Wendy Makkena) in Sister Act. Her most prominent role in animation is the singing voice of Queen Athena in The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning. Title: 20,000 Years in Sing Sing Passage: 20,000 Years in Sing Sing is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film set in Sing Sing Penitentiary, the maximum security prison in Ossining, New York, starring Spencer Tracy as an inmate and Bette Davis as his girlfriend. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and based upon the nonfiction book "Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing", written by Lewis E. Lawes, the warden of Sing Sing from 1920 to 1941. Title: The Greatest Showman Passage: Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb. James Babson provides Stratton's speaking and singing voice. Title: Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely Passage: Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely (1958, also known as Sings for Only the Lonely or simply Only the Lonely) is an album by Frank Sinatra.	[ "Mack the Knife", "Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely" ]
What organization does the former employer of Eric O'Neill share jurisdiction with?	DEA	[ "Drug Enforcement Administration" ]	Title: Oona O'Neill Passage: Oona O'Neill Chaplin, Lady Chaplin (14 May 1925 – 27 September 1991) was an actress who became a British citizen after renouncing her American citizenship. She was the daughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton, and the fourth and last wife of English actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin. Title: Eric O'Neill Passage: Eric Michael O'Neill (born March 3, 1973) is an American former FBI counter-terrorism and counterintelligence operative. He worked and was entitled as an Investigative Specialist with the Special Surveillance Group (SSG) and played a major role in the arrest, conviction, and life imprisonment of FBI agent Robert Hanssen for spying on behalf of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. His book written about this experience, Gray Day: My Undercover Mission to Expose America's First Cyber Spy, was published in spring 2019. He is a public speaker and security expert who currently lectures internationally about espionage and national security, cybersecurity, fraud, corporate diligence and defense, hacking, pursuing dreams and surviving Hollywood. Title: O'Neill cylinder Passage: The O'Neill cylinder (also called an O'Neill colony) is a space settlement concept proposed by American physicist Gerard K. O'Neill in his 1976 book "". O'Neill proposed the colonization of space for the 21st century, using materials extracted from the Moon and later from asteroids. Title: Federal Bureau of Investigation Passage: The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Title: Schmidt Ocean Institute Passage: The Schmidt Ocean Institute is a non-profit private foundation focused on oceanography, founded in March 2009 by Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt. The Institute’s goal is to advance ocean exploration, discovery, and knowledge using technological advances, data-rich observation and analysis, and open sharing of information.	[ "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "Eric O'Neill" ]
What competition did the creator of the song Min barndoms jular participate?	Eurovision Song Contest 1985	[]	Title: Yehuda Alharizi Passage: Yehuda Alharizi, also Judah ben Solomon Harizi or al-Harizi (, "Yehudah ben Shelomo al-Harizi", , "Yahya bin Sulaiman bin Sha'ul abu Zakaria al-Harizi al-Yahudi min ahl Tulaitila") was a rabbi, translator, poet and traveller active in Spain in the Middle Ages (1165 in Toledo? – 1225 in Aleppo). He was supported by wealthy patrons, to whom he wrote poems and dedicated compositions. Title: Legend of the Blue Sea Passage: Lee Min - ho as Kim Dam - ryung / Heo Joon - jae Jeon Jin - seo as child Kim Dam - ryung / Heo Joon - jae Park Jin - young as teenage Kim Dam - ryung / Heo Joon - jae The town head and son of a magistrate in the Joseon era who fell in love with a mermaid / A modern - day con - man who uses his looks and wit to transform into different people and conduct scams. He eventually met a mermaid whom he fell in love with again in his present life. Title: Hummer HX Passage: Three designers, recent graduates of College for Creative Studies who were new to General Motors, Robert Jablonski, Kang Min-young, a South Korea native, and David Rojas, a native of Peru, participated in the development of the Hummer HX. Title: Min barndoms jular Passage: Min barndoms jular is a Christmas album from Swedish country and pop-schlager singer Kikki Danielsson. It was released in late 1987, and peaked at #19 the Swedish album chart. Years later, wrongly sources begun to state that the album was released on November 1, 1988. Title: Bra vibrationer (song) Passage: "Bra vibrationer" ("Good vibrations"), written by Ingela Forsman and composed by Lasse Holm, was the Swedish entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 1985, performed by Kikki Danielsson.	[ "Bra vibrationer (song)", "Min barndoms jular" ]
When was the fourth satellite of the richest country in Africa launched?	December 19, 2011	[]	Title: Nigeria Passage: On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xichang on December 19, 2011. The satellite according to then-Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan which was paid for by the insurance policy on NigComSat-1 which de-orbited in 2009, would have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security. Title: OPS 5118 Passage: OPS 5118, also known as Navstar 6, GPS I-6 and GPS SVN-6, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1980 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the sixth of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched. Title: Astérix (satellite) Passage: Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from Hammaguir, Algeria. With Astérix, France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after: USSR (Sputnik 1, 1957), the United States (Explorer 1, 1958), the United Kingdom (Ariel 1, 1962), Canada (Alouette 1, 1962) and Italy (San Marco 1, 1964), and the third to launch a satellite on its own (the UK, Canada and Italy's satellites were launched on American rockets). The satellite was originally designated A-1, as the French Army's first satellite, but later renamed after the popular French comics character Astérix. Due to the relatively high altitude of its orbit, it is not expected to re-enter Earth's atmosphere for several centuries. Title: List of African countries by GDP (PPP) Passage: Region Rank Country 2015 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars -- Africa 5,736,700 Nigeria 1,192.00 Egypt 995.97 South Africa 724.01 Algeria 570.64 Morocco 274.53 6 Angola 185.25 7 Sudan 167.42 8 Ethiopia 159.22 9 Tanzania 150.4 10 Kenya 143.05 11 Tunisia 127.21 12 Ghana 113.35 13 Libya 92.88 14 Uganda 79.75 15 Ivory Coast 78.34 16 Cameroon 72.11 17 Zambia 64.65 18 Democratic Republic of the Congo 63.27 19 Botswana 37.16 20 Senegal 36.30 21 Madagascar 35.56 22 Gabon 34.41 23 Chad 33.73 24 Mozambique 32.00 25 Burkina Faso 31.18 26 Mali 29.15 27 Zimbabwe 28.90 28 Republic of the Congo 27.92 29 Equatorial Guinea 25.94 30 Mauritius 24.84 31 Namibia 24.51 32 Benin 21.16 33 Malawi 20.56 34 Rwanda 20.32 35 Niger 18.96 36 Mauritania 16.43 37 Guinea 15.28 38 Swaziland 10.87 39 Togo 10.82 40 Eritrea 7.94 41 Burundi 7.88 42 Somalia 5.90 43 Lesotho 5.78 44 Gambia 3.27 45 Liberia 3.78 46 Cape Verde 3.48 47 Djibouti 3.09 48 Seychelles 2.53 49 Guinea - Bissau 1.94 50 Central African Republic 1.62 51 Comoros 1.21 52 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.66 Title: Israel Passage: The Israeli Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. Israel is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The Shavit is a space launch vehicle produced by Israel to launch small satellites into low earth orbit. It was first launched in 1988, making Israel the eighth nation to have a space launch capability. Shavit rockets are launched from the spaceport at the Palmachim Airbase by the Israeli Space Agency. Since 1988 Israel Aerospace Industries have indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research and spy satellites. Some of Israel's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems. In 2003, Ilan Ramon became Israel's first astronaut, serving as payload specialist of STS-107, the fatal mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia.	[ "Nigeria", "List of African countries by GDP (PPP)" ]
When was the painter of The Creation of Adam born?	6 March 1475	[]	Title: Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt Passage: Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt, born Lydia Maria Adams (February 1, 1859 – March 10, 1928) was an American pathologist and anatomist. Title: Michelangelo Passage: Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near Arezzo, Tuscany. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence; but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's Judicial administrator and podestà or local administrator of Chiusi della Verna. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa—a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed.Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There he gained his love for marble. As Giorgio Vasari quotes him: Title: The Creation of Adam Passage: The Creation of Adam () is a fresco painting by Italian artist Michelangelo, which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling, painted c. 1508–1512. It illustrates the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God gives life to Adam, the first man. The fresco is part of a complex iconographic scheme and is chronologically the fourth in the series of panels depicting episodes from Genesis. Title: Adam Mena Passage: Bonifacio Adam Mena (born August 9, 1989) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Charleston Battery in the USL Pro. Title: Adam Bodzek Passage: Adam Bodzek (born 7 September 1985) is a German-Polish professional footballer who was born in Poland. He currently plays as a midfielder for Fortuna Düsseldorf.	[ "The Creation of Adam", "Michelangelo" ]
What subject was studied in the city where Abbasid Court was based?	Islamic mathematics	[ "Islam" ]	Title: Hunter in the Dark Passage: Hunter in the Dark is a young adult novel by Monica Hughes, first published in 1982 and has been the subject of school study. It is about a boy with leukemia who goes on a hunting expedition. Title: Allameh Helli High Schools Passage: Allameh Helli Schools, named after Al-Hilli, are schools found in various cities of Iran. Students study subjects in depth, similar to college courses. Allameh Helli Schools are for boys only, while Farzanegan schools are the equivalent for girls. Title: Ibn Qutaybah Passage: Abū Muhammad Abd-Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī or simply Ibn Qutaybah (; 828 – 13 November 889 CE / 213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH) was an Islamic scholar of Persian origin. He served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, but was best known for his contributions to Arabic literature. He was a polymath who wrote on diverse subjects, such as Qur'anic exegesis, hadith, theology, philosophy, law and jurisprudence, grammar, philology, history, astronomy, agriculture and botany. Title: History of mathematics Passage: Babylonian mathematics refers to any mathematics of the peoples of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the days of the early Sumerians through the Hellenistic period almost to the dawn of Christianity. The majority of Babylonian mathematical work comes from two widely separated periods: The first few hundred years of the second millennium BC (Old Babylonian period), and the last few centuries of the first millennium BC (Seleucid period). It is named Babylonian mathematics due to the central role of Babylon as a place of study. Later under the Arab Empire, Mesopotamia, especially Baghdad, once again became an important center of study for Islamic mathematics. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah ("successor of the messenger of God", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah ("deputy of God"). The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads "regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with, or delegate it to, the emergent class of religious scholars." In fact, it was precisely this class of scholars, based largely in Iraq, that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period. In reconstructing this history, therefore, it is necessary to rely mainly on sources, such as the histories of Tabari and Baladhuri, that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad.	[ "History of mathematics", "Umayyad Caliphate" ]
Who publicly wanted peace with the country that developed Transformator in 1958?	German government	[]	Title: High-definition television Passage: In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting. Title: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Passage: The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan." Title: Peres Center for Peace Passage: The Peres Center for Peace, located in Jaffa, Israel, is an independent non-profit, non-governmental, and non-political organization founded in 1996 by Nobel Peace Laureate and former President of Israel Shimon Peres. Its aim is to further Peres' vision of people in the Middle East working together to build peace through socio-economic cooperation and development and people-to-people interaction. Title: NASA Passage: President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958. Title: Ikusi Passage: IKUSI is a business group located in San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), Spain which develops activity in the field of technological engineering and development for digital business transformation. The parent company was founded more than 45 years ago. Besides its presence across the whole of Spain, IKUSI currently has extensive international coverage.	[ "High-definition television", "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" ]
Who are the democratic candidates running for governor in the state where Dorothy lived in the wizard of OZ?	Laura Kelly	[]	Title: MGM Grand Las Vegas Passage: When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18, 1993, it was owned by MGM Grand Inc. At that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green ``Emerald City ''color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the casino's main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city. The Emerald City attraction featured an elaborate yellow brick road walk - through, complete with the cornfield, apple orchard, and haunted forest, as well as audio - animatronic figures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wicked Witch of the West. It would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of`` The Wizard's Secrets''. When MGM Grand began its extensive refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino. The store remained open until early 2003. Title: Yellow brick road Passage: The road is first introduced in the third chapter of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The road begins in the heart of the eastern quadrant called Munchkin Country in the Land of Oz. It functions as a guideline that leads all who follow it, to the road's ultimate destination -- the imperial capital of Oz called Emerald City that is located in the exact center of the entire continent. In the book, the novel's main protagonist, Dorothy, is forced to search for the road before she can begin her quest to seek the Wizard. This is because the cyclone from Kansas did not release her farmhouse closely near it as it did in the various film adaptations. After the council with the native Munchkins and their dear friend the Good Witch of the North, Dorothy begins looking for it and sees many pathways and roads nearby, (all of which lead in various directions). Thankfully it does n't take her too long to spot the one paved with bright yellow bricks. Title: Oz the Great and Powerful Passage: James Franco as Oscar Diggs, or ``Oz '', a philandering con artist, a stage magician, and a barnstormer who is part of a traveling circus in the Midwest. He is whisked in a hot air balloon by a tornado to the Land of Oz, where he is believed to be a wizard destined to bring peace to the land, forcing him to overcome his dubious ethics to convince his peers he is the hero needed by the people of Oz. He eventually becomes what is known as the Wizard of Oz. Title: Dorothy Gale Passage: In later novels, the Land of Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas. Indeed, Dorothy eventually goes to live in an apartment in the Emerald City's palace but only after her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry have settled in a farmhouse on its outskirts, unable to pay the mortgage on their house in Kansas. Dorothy's best friend Princess Ozma, ruler of Oz, officially makes her a princess of Oz later in the novels. Title: 2018 Kansas gubernatorial election Passage: On August 7, 2018, Kobach appeared headed for victory over incumbent Governor Jeff Colyer in the Republican gubernatorial primary by an initial margin of 191 votes. By August 9, 2018, his lead stood at 121 votes, but discrepancies in some counties needed resolution, and provisional and absentee ballots may not have been counted in some counties. Democratic Senator Laura Kelly easily won the Democratic nomination. Independent Greg Orman, who finished second in the 2014 U.S. Senate race against incumbent Republican Pat Roberts, is running for governor, again as an independent candidate.	[ "Dorothy Gale", "2018 Kansas gubernatorial election" ]
What was the only true city to exhibit an urban lifestyle in the late 1800s, in the state where Murray-Calloway County Airport is located?	Louisville	[ "Louisville, Kentucky" ]	Title: Black River Falls Area Airport Passage: Black River Falls Area Airport is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) south of the central business district of Black River Falls, a city in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. It is owned by the city of Black River Falls and Jackson County. Title: History of Louisville, Kentucky Passage: Following the 1850 Census, Louisville was reported as the nation's tenth largest city, while Kentucky was reported as the eighth most populous state. Title: Hobart Sky Ranch Airport Passage: Hobart Sky Ranch Airport is a public-use airport located two miles (3 km) northwest of the central business district of Hobart, a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. This airport is privately owned by Don Niemeyer. Title: Saint Urban, Washington Passage: Saint Urban is an unincorporated community in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located approximately northeast of Winlock. It came about as German and Swiss immigrants settled here in the late 1800s. At the height of its prosperity the hub of this community, located at the intersection of Military Road and the Sargent Road, consisted of a small store, the Catholic church, a school and a Grange hall. Today only the Grange hall and church remain. The church has been decommissioned but a cemetery is still maintained. Title: Murray-Calloway County Airport Passage: Murray-Calloway County Airport , also known as Kyle-Oakley Field, is a public use airport located northwest of the central business district of Murray, in Calloway County, Kentucky, United States. The airport opened in 1961. It is owned by the Murray City-Calloway County Board.	[ "Murray-Calloway County Airport", "History of Louisville, Kentucky" ]
Who is the leader of the opposition in the country where Middlesex County is located?	Peter Phillips	[]	Title: West Concord, Massachusetts Passage: West Concord is an unincorporated village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Concord in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,028 at the 2010 census. Title: Christ Church (Saluda, Virginia) Passage: Christ Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Saluda, Middlesex County, Virginia. It was constructed in 1712-1714, and is a one-story, rectangular brick building with a gable roof. It measures 60 feet by 33 feet, 6 inches. The church was restored in 1843, and a gable-roofed vestibule added. Title: Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) Passage: The current holder of the post of Leader of the Opposition is Peter Phillips as a result of his party's loss in the 2016 general election and his ascension to leader of the main opposition party in Jamaica in 2017, succeeding Portia Simpson Miller. Title: Middlesex County, Jamaica Passage: Middlesex is the central of the three historic counties into which Jamaica is divided. It has no current-day administrative significance. It covers 5,041.9 km² and has a population of 1,183,361 (about 45% of the island's area and population) giving it the largest area and population of the three counties. It includes Spanish Town, the island's original capital. Title: Political party Passage: When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of senior fellow members of the parliamentary group to serve as critics of aspects of government policy. When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government, the party's parliamentary group forms the Official Opposition, with Official Opposition frontbench team members often forming the Official Opposition Shadow cabinet. When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority, the party's frontbench becomes the Cabinet of government ministers.	[ "Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)", "Middlesex County, Jamaica" ]
Which year witnessed the formation of the publisher of The Space Vampires?	2001	[]	Title: Random House Passage: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas. Title: Tales in Time Passage: Tales in Time is an anthology of science fiction short stories about time (though not necessarily, as is usual in the genre, time travel), edited by Peter Crowther. It was first published as a trade paperback by White Wolf Publishing in April 1997. It was issued as a companion to "Three in Time" from the same publisher; the two books were followed up by a similar pair, "Three in Space" and "Tales in Space", published in 1998. Title: The Space Vampires Passage: The Space Vampires is a British science fiction horror novel written by author Colin Wilson, and first published in England and the United States by Random House in 1976. Wilson's fifty-first book, it is about the remnants of a race of intergalactic vampires who are brought back from outer space and are inadvertently let loose on Earth. Title: Jehovah's Witnesses Passage: Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals. Title: Die Like a Dog Passage: "Die Like a Dog" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella written by American writer Rex Stout, first published as "The Body in the Hall" in the December 1954 issue of "The American Magazine". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection "Three Witnesses", published by the Viking Press in 1956.	[ "Random House", "The Space Vampires" ]
Who is the song We Belong Together by the person who also performed Someday about?	Tommy Mottola	[]	Title: Someday You'll Find Her, Charlie Brown Passage: Someday You'll Find Her, Charlie Brown is the 22nd prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip "Peanuts," by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on October 30, 1981. It was released to DVD on January 2, 2004 as a bonus feature with the special "A Charlie Brown Valentine". Title: Someday (Mariah Carey song) Passage: "Someday" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her self-titled debut studio album (1990). It is a dance-pop song with new jack swing influences. Prior to Carey signing a record contract, she and producer Ben Margulies had written and produced a four-track demo which included "Someday". After signing a contract with Columbia Records, Carey began work on her debut album and she reached out to Ric Wake to ask if he would produce the song, to which he agreed. The composition of the demo recording was changed during the recording process, most notably replacing the horns with a guitar, which Carey disapproved of. Title: John Fumo Passage: John Fumo (born 5 June 1957, Kenosha, Wisconsin) is an American trumpet, flugelhorn, and electric trumpet player. He maintains an active performing, recording, and touring schedule in addition to his CalArts and USC teaching. He has released four CDs to date, including "Love is Everything" featuring his wife, singer Kelly Fumo. They often perform together in Los Angeles. Title: Get Your Act Together with Harvey Goldsmith Passage: Get Your Act Together with Harvey Goldsmith is a Channel 4 television programme in which promoter Harvey Goldsmith is given six months to help revive the fortunes of six entertainment businesses or performers. Title: We Belong Together Passage: The song's music video was filmed as a two - part story with ``It's Like That '', which featured Carey at her bachelorette party. The video for`` We Belong Together'' is a continuation focusing on Carey's wedding to an older and powerful man and ends with the singer eloping with her ex-lover. Rumors arose of the video's connection to her 1993 marriage to Tommy Mottola. Carey performed the song on several award shows and television appearances around the world, namely MTV Movie Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Macy's Fourth of July Parade, The Oprah Winfrey Show and the 48th Grammy Awards. In Europe the song was performed at the Live 8 charity concert, the Fashion Rocks in Monaco, and the German Bambi Awards. Carey performed the song on both her Adventures of Mimi and Angels Advocate Tours.	[ "Someday (Mariah Carey song)", "We Belong Together" ]
When did the state Mill Creek Park is located pass the no smoking laws?	December 7, 2006	[]	Title: Roberts Mountains Passage: The Roberts Mountains are located in central Nevada in the western United States. The mountains are found in Eureka County, east of the Simpson Park Mountains and west and southwest of the Sulphur Spring Range. The range reaches a peak at Roberts Creek Mountain at . Nevada State Route 278 passes the east margin of the range in Garden Valley and continues on about southeast to Eureka. Title: List of smoking bans in the United States Passage: Statewide smoking ban: On December 7, 2006, after passage by Ohio voters on November 7, 2006, Chapter 3794 (titled ``Smoking Ban '') of the Ohio Revised Code went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Ohio, including bars and restaurants. The law exempts (1) private residences except when being used as a business when employees other than the owner are present, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) family - owned and operated businesses not open to the public where all employees are related to the owner, (4) designated smoking areas in nursing homes, (5) retail tobacco stores, (6) outdoor patios, (7) private clubs with no employees. The law is enforced by the Ohio Department of Health, which began enforcement on May 3, 2007. A business may be fined up to $2,500 and individuals $100 for violation of the ban. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state. Title: Newlin Mill Complex Passage: The Newlin Mill Complex, also referred to as The Newlin Grist Mill, is a water powered gristmill on the west branch of Chester Creek near Concordville, Pennsylvania was built in 1704 by Nathaniel and Mary Newlin and operated commercially until 1941. During its three centuries of operation, the mill has been known as the "Lower Mill", the "Markham Mill", the "Seventeen-O-Four Mill" and the "Concord Flour Mill". In 1958 the mill property was bought by E. Mortimer Newlin, restored and given to the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to use as a historical park. Water power is still used to grind corn meal which is sold on site. The park includes five historical buildings, which were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and of natural woodland. Title: Redrock Lake Passage: Redrock Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Mount Wilbur is west of Redrock Lake. Prior to entering Redrock Lake, Swiftcurrent Creek tumbles over Redrock Falls which can be reached after an easy hike by way of the Swiftcurrent Pass Trail. Title: Mill Creek Park Passage: Mill Creek Park (officially known as Mill Creek MetroParks) is a metropolitan park located in Youngstown, Ohio. The Trust for Public Land ranks one part of Mill Creek as the 142nd largest park located within the limits of a US city.	[ "Mill Creek Park", "List of smoking bans in the United States" ]
How old are some of the private schools in the city where Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart is located?	150 years	[]	Title: S. Thomas' College, Bandarawela Passage: S. Thomas' College, Bandarawela is a selective entry boys' private school situated in the town of Bandarawela in the Uva Province of Sri Lanka. It is an Anglican school administrated by the Church of Ceylon and also a brother school to S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. Situated in a picturesque landscape covered by mountains, it is known to be the most prestigious school in Bandarawela and one of the prestigious schools in the country. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years. Title: Maris Stella School Passage: Maris Stella School is a private Roman Catholic day school for girls from four to eighteen years old (grades 0-12 or pre-primary, primary and secondary phases), located on the Berea in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Title: Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart Passage: The Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart is a cathedral church and a Minor Basilica located in Charleston, West Virginia, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Joseph in Wheeling it is the seat of the Catholic Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston. The parish complex is a contributing property in the Downtown Charleston Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. Title: Montevideo Passage: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club.	[ "Charleston, South Carolina", "Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart" ]
Since what year has tourism been ongoing to the continent of Ginger Islands?	1957	[]	Title: Ginger Islands Passage: The Ginger Islands are a group of islands lying west of Cape Alexandra, off the southern end of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. The largest of the islands appears reddish when free of snow. They were surveyed by the Royal Navy's hydrographic survey unit in 1962-63 and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Kenneth Ginger, Civil Hydrographic Officer responsible for British Admiralty charts of the Antarctic for several years beginning in 1958. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate. This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. The Tethys Sea, which had separated the northern continents from Africa and India, began to close up, forming the Mediterranean sea. Title: Lihou Passage: Lihou () is a small tidal island located just off the west coast of the island of Guernsey, in the English Channel, between Great Britain and France. Administratively, Lihou forms part of the Parish of St. Peter's in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, and is now owned by the parliament of Guernsey (the States of Guernsey), although there have been a number of owners in the past. Since 2006, the island has been jointly managed by the Guernsey Environment Department and the Lihou Charitable Trust. In the past the island was used by locals for the collection of seaweed for use as a fertiliser, but today Lihou is mainly used for tourism, including school trips. Lihou is also an important centre for conservation, forming part of a Ramsar wetland site for the preservation of rare birds and plants as well as historic ruins of a priory and a farmhouse. Title: Antarctica Passage: Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAATO members account for 95% of the tourist activity. Travel is largely by small or medium ship, focusing on specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships. The number was predicted to increase to over 80,000 by 2010. Title: As Told by Ginger Passage: As Told by Ginger (also known as As Told by Ginger Foutley) is an American animated television series aimed at teenagers, produced by Klasky Csupo and aired on Nickelodeon. The series focuses on a middle school (later high school) girl named Ginger Foutley who, with her friends, tries to become more than a social geek.	[ "Antarctica", "Ginger Islands" ]
In which municipality is Kinsac, in the country where Sable Island Aerodrome is located?	Halifax Regional Municipality	[ "Halifax" ]	Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Kinsac, Nova Scotia Passage: Kinsac is a suburban community in District 2 of the Halifax Regional Municipality, in Nova Scotia, Canada on Nova Scotia Route 354. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Sable Island Aerodrome Passage: Sable Island Aerodrome, , is located on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. The term aerodrome is somewhat of a misnomer in this case since there is no actual airport infrastructure nor is there a runway on Sable Island. The designated landing area is the hard sand of the Island's south beach. It has been registered as an aerodrome (and therefore has an entry as such in the Canada Flight Supplement) in order to facilitate approval of a GPS approach. Sable Aviation operates a Britten-Norman Islander that makes regular flights to the beach; it is the contracted fixed wing service provider for Sable Island.	[ "Kinsac, Nova Scotia", "Sable Island Aerodrome" ]
Who was the first commander in chief of the military group that included Army Aviation Corps after independence?	Rob Lockhart	[]	Title: Northumberland County Division Passage: The Northumberland County Division was a formation of the British Army formed in World War II on 24 February 1941. It ceased to function on 1 December 1941, and was disbanded on 21 December 1941. It was commanded by Major General R. C. Money and consisted of the 202nd Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), 216th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) and 225th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home). It was commanded by X Corps until 9 April, IX Corps until 30 November and War Office control from then until disbandment. Title: Franklin C. Sibert Passage: Franklin Cummings Sibert (January 3, 1891 – June 24, 1980) was a United States Army general. During World War II, Sibert was originally the commander of the 6th Infantry Division but was promoted to command the X Corps of General Walter Krueger's US Sixth Army. His corps took part in the landing operations of the Battle of Leyte in the Philippines. Title: Army Aviation Corps (India) Passage: The Army Aviation Corps is a component of the Indian Army, formed on 1 November 1986. The aviation arm is headed by a Director General of the rank of Lt General at the Army HQ, New Delhi. Title: Chief of the Army Staff (India) Passage: No. Name Rank Photo Appointment Date Left Office Unit of Commission Decorations Rob Lockhart General 15 August 1947 31 December 1947 51st Sikhs KCB, CIE, MC Roy Bucher General 1 January 1948 15 January 1949 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) KBE, CB, MC Kodandera M. Cariappa General 16 January 1949 14 January 1953 Rajput Regiment OBE Rajendrasinhji Jadeja General 14 January 1953 1 April 1955 2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse) DSO Title: Army Air Corps (United Kingdom) Passage: The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). Today, there are eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. Some AAC squadrons provide the offensive and air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command.	[ "Army Aviation Corps (India)", "Chief of the Army Staff (India)" ]
When was the institute that published Yale Law & Policy Review created?	1843	[]	Title: Policy Studies Journal Passage: Policy Studies Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Policy Studies Organization and the American Political Science Association's Public Policy Section. The journal was established in 1972. The current editor-in-chief is Edella Schlager (University of Arizona). The journal publishes articles on a wide range of public policy issues. Title: Georgetown Environmental Law Review Passage: The Georgetown Environmental Law Review is a quarterly student-edited law review published at Georgetown University Law Center covering the legal implications of environmental issues including: climate change, renewable energy, and the intersection of the environment and international legal areas such as trade, human rights, security, and technology transfer. It was established in 1988 as the "Georgetown International Environmental Law Review" and obtained its current title in 2015. The first issue of each year's volume is dedicated to international issues. According to the Washington & Lee University law review rankings, the journal has an impact factor of 0.43. Title: Yale Law & Policy Review Passage: The Yale Law & Policy Review is a biannual student-run law review at the Yale Law School covering the intersection of law and policy. The 2007 "ExpressO" Guide to Top Law Reviews ranked the journal first among law and society law reviews based on the number of manuscripts received. Title: Indian Journal of Law and Technology Passage: The Indian Journal of Law and Technology is an annual peer-reviewed law journal published by the Students Bar Association at the National Law School of India University (Bangalore, India). Title: Yale University Passage: Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.	[ "Yale Law & Policy Review", "Yale University" ]
What metropolitan area is the city a part of where B2W Software is headquartered?	South Hampshire	[]	Title: Eldred Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania Passage: Eldred Township is a township in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,178 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Williamsport, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The unincorporated village of Warrensville is located in Eldred Township. Title: B2W Software Passage: B2W Software (formerly known as Bid2Win Software) is a privately held company based in Portsmouth, New Hampshire that develops, manufactures, sells, and supports estimating and bidding, field tracking and analysis, equipment maintenance and repair and resource planning and dispatching software for the construction industry. Title: Southampton Passage: In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, which is also known as Solent City, particularly in the media when discussing local governance organisational changes. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas. Title: Sestao Passage: Sestao is a town and municipality of 28,288 inhabitants located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. It is in the left bank of the Estuary of Bilbao and part of Bilbao's metropolitan area. Title: Black Earth, Wisconsin Passage: Black Earth is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,338 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Black Earth. It is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area.	[ "Southampton", "B2W Software" ]
In 2017, who was appointed Prime Minister of the country that contains the commune of Orodel?	Mihai Tudose	[]	Title: Prime Minister of the Bahamas Passage: The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State). Title: Prime Minister of Romania Passage: The current Prime Minister is Mihai Tudose of the Social Democratic Party who was sworn in on 29 June 2017.. Title: Orodel Passage: Orodel is a commune in Dolj County, Romania with a population of 3,242 people. It is composed of five villages: Bechet, Călugărei, Cornu, Orodel, and Teiu. Title: André Ouellet Passage: With the return to power of the Liberals after the 1993 election, Ouellet was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by the new prime minister, Jean Chrétien. Despite his experience, Ouellet was not popular in Quebec, and the lasting legacy of the Charlottetown Accord hurt him. After the close result of the 1995 Quebec referendum, Chrétien wanted to present a new face of his government in Quebec. In 1996, Chrétien appointed Ouellet to head the Canada Post Corporation. Ouellet's seat in the House of Commons of Canada was taken by Pierre Pettigrew in a by-election later that year. Title: Kamal Ganzouri Passage: Kamal Ganzouri (, ‎; born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded "Minister of the Poor" and "the Opposition Minister" because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as prime minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011.	[ "Prime Minister of Romania", "Orodel" ]
What was the original price for a replacement battery from the developer of iWork?	$99	[]	Title: Lead–acid battery Passage: In the absorbed glass mat design, or AGM for short, the separators between the plates are replaced by a glass fibre mat soaked in electrolyte. There is only enough electrolyte in the mat to keep it wet, and if the battery is punctured the electrolyte will not flow out of the mats. Principally the purpose of replacing liquid electrolyte in a flooded battery with a semi-saturated fiberglass mat is to substantially increase the gas transport through the separator; Hydrogen or Oxygen gas produced during overcharge or charge (if the charge current is excessive) is able to freely pass through the glass mat and reduce or oxidize the opposing plate respectively. In a flooded cell the bubbles of gas float to the top of the battery and are lost to the atmosphere. This mechanism for the gas produced to recombine and the additional benefit of a semi saturated cell providing no substantial leakage of electrolyte upon physical puncture of the battery case allows the battery to be completely sealed, which makes them useful in portable devices and similar roles, additionally the battery can be installed in any orientation, though if it is installed upside down then acid may be blown out through the over pressure vent. Title: Lithium-ion battery Passage: Lithium - ion battery An example of a Nokia Li - ion battery (used in various mobile phones) Specific energy 100 -- 265 W h / kg (0.36 -- 0.875 MJ / kg) Energy density 250 -- 693 W h / L (0.90 -- 2.43 MJ / L) Specific power ~ 250 - ~ 340 W / kg Charge / discharge efficiency 80 -- 90% Energy / consumer - price 3.6 W h / US $Self - discharge rate 2% per month Cycle durability 400 -- 1200 cycles Nominal cell voltage NMC 3.6 / 3.85 V, LiFePO4 3.2 V Title: IWork Passage: The oldest application in iWork is Keynote, first released as a standalone application in 2003. Pages was released with the first iWork release in 2005; Numbers was added in 2007 with the release of iWork '08. The next release, iWork '09, also included access to iWork.com, a beta service that allowed users to upload and share documents, now integrated into Apple's iCloud service. An iOS port was released in 2010 with the first iPad and has been regularly updated since. In 2013, Apple released a new OS X version and iWork for iCloud, a set of cross-platform web applications replicating the native software versions. Title: IPod Passage: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive. Title: John Price House Passage: The John Price House, also known as the Price Anniversary House, is a historic house in Pismo Beach, California. Built from 1893 to 1894 for city founder John Michael Price, the house is the oldest building in Pismo Beach. The two-story house was designed in a vernacular style. The house's design exhibits Victorian influences and includes a gable roof which originally had ornamental cresting, a porch with decorative woodwork, and decorative window sills. Price, who had purchased the ranch site in 1852, built the house as an anniversary present for his wife. Price lived in the house until his 1902 death.	[ "IPod", "IWork" ]
What strategy could have worked against the indirect rulers of african colonies?	strangle British sea communications	[]	Title: Mosaic Passage: The double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed. The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium (often adhesive-backed paper, sticky plastic or soft lime or putty) as it will appear when installed. When the mosaic is complete, a similar medium is placed atop it. The piece is then turned over, the original underlying material is carefully removed, and the piece is installed as in the indirect method described above. In comparison to the indirect method, this is a complex system to use and requires great skill on the part of the operator, to avoid damaging the work. Its greatest advantage lies in the possibility of the operator directly controlling the final result of the work, which is important e.g. when the human figure is involved. This method was created in 1989 by Maurizio Placuzzi and registered for industrial use (patent n. 0000222556) under the name of his company, Sicis International Srl, now Sicis The Art Mosaic Factory Srl. Title: The Blitz Passage: A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire. Title: Northern Seven Years' War Passage: William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France. As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India. Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed. He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies, working under the command of British regulars, to invade new France. In order to tie the French army down he subsidized his European allies. Pitt Head of the government from 1756 to 1761, and even after that the British continued his strategy. It proved completely successful. Pitt had a clear appreciation of the enormous value of imperial possessions, and realized how vulnerable was the French Empire. Title: Myanmar Passage: British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who populate the north and northeast, practice Christianity. According to the The World Factbook, the Burman population is 68% and the ethnic groups constitute 32%. However, the exiled leaders and organisations claims that ethnic population is 40%, which is implicitly contrasted with CIA report (official US report). Title: Indirect rule Passage: The ideological underpinnings, as well as the practical application, of indirect rule in Kenya and Nigeria is usually traced to the work of Frederick Lugard, the High Commissioner of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria from 1899 to 1906. In the lands of the Sokoto Caliphate, conquered by the British Empire at the turn of the century, Lugard instituted a system whereby external, military, and tax control was operated by the British, while most every other aspect of life was left to local pre-British aristocracies who may have sided with the British during or after their conquest. The theory behind this solution to a very practical problem (a problem referred to as' The Native Problem 'by Mahmood Mamdani in his work Citizen and Subject) of domination by a tiny group of foreigners of huge populations is laid out in Lugard's influential work, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa.	[ "The Blitz", "Indirect rule" ]
How much debt do we have with the country where leeches began being used for blood-letting?	about $1.18 trillion	[]	Title: Cardiac cycle Passage: The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole (die - ASS - toe - lee), followed by a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, dubbed systole (SIS - toe - lee). After emptying, the heart immediately relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood returning from the lungs and other systems of the body -- before again contracting to pump blood to the lungs and those systems. A normally performing heart must be fully expanded before it can efficiently pump again. Assuming a healthy heart and a typical rate of 70 to 75 beats per minute, each cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, takes about 0.8 second to complete the cycle. Title: Annelid Passage: Accounts of the use of leeches for the medically dubious practise of blood-letting have come from China around 30 AD, India around 200 AD, ancient Rome around 50 AD and later throughout Europe. In the 19th century medical demand for leeches was so high that some areas' stocks were exhausted and other regions imposed restrictions or bans on exports, and Hirudo medicinalis is treated as an endangered species by both IUCN and CITES. More recently leeches have been used to assist in microsurgery, and their saliva has provided anti-inflammatory compounds and several important anticoagulants, one of which also prevents tumors from spreading. Title: National debt of the United States Passage: As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.4 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion). Title: Finances of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Passage: By the time Lorenzo Snow became church president in 1898, the church was $2.3 million in debt. Snow reemphasized the payment of tithing (giving 10% of one's income to the church) and by 1907 the church was completely out of debt and since then has not used debt to fund its operations, even for capital projects. An early pioneer venture of the LDS Church was ZCMI which lasted from 1868 to divesting ZCMI Center Mall in 2007. Title: Chordae tendineae Passage: When the ventricles of the heart contract in ventricular systole, the increased blood pressures in both chambers push the AV valves to close simultaneously, preventing backflow of blood into the atria. Since the blood pressure in atria is much lower than that in the ventricles, the flaps attempt to evert to the low pressure regions. The chordae tendineae prevent the eversion, prolapse, by becoming tense thus pulling the flaps, holding them in closed position.	[ "National debt of the United States", "Annelid" ]
How did the Japanese win the country Fangshan is located?	First Sino-Japanese	[ "First Sino-Japanese War" ]	Title: Milanko Petrović Passage: Milanko Petrović (; born 21 September 1988 in Sjenica) is a Serbian biathlete who participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics, becoming the first olympic biathlete for independent Serbia. At the 2014 Winter Olympics he carried Serbian flag at the opening ceremony and competed in biathlon and cross-country skiing. He represents Serbia at the Biathlon World Championships and he is a regular participant of the Biathlon World Cup and the first ever Serb to win World Cup points. Occasionally, he competes in cross-country skiing. At the 2013 Winter Universiade he made a remarkable success by winning first ever international medals for Serbia in biathlon and cross-country skiing. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798. Title: Pro Evolution Soccer 2015 Passage: Pro Evolution Soccer 2015 (abbreviated as PES 2015 and known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 2015 in Asia and World Soccer: Winning Eleven 2015 - Konami the Best only in Japan) is a football simulation game developed by PES Productions and published by Konami for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It is the fourteenth edition of the "Pro Evolution Soccer" series. The cover of the game features Mario Götze of Bayern Munich (except for the Japanese version, whose cover art features Keisuke Honda of A.C. Milan). In this game, the slogan used was "The Pitch is Ours" for the first time. Title: Provincial Highway 1 (Taiwan) Passage: Provincial Highway 1 () is a -long Taiwanese provincial highway that starts in the north of the country near Taipei Main Station and ends in the south at Fangshan, Pingtung County. It intersects with Provincial Highway 9 and Provincial Highway 26. Before the freeway system was built in Taiwan, this was the primary north-south highway for the island. The highway connects most of the major cities in Taiwan. In most parts of Taiwan, the road is known as The North-South Highway (縱貫公路). Title: The Jade Trilogy Passage: The Jade Trilogy is a set of three fantasy novels written by Japanese award-winning fantasy writer Noriko Ogiwara. The trilogy consists of the original novel and its two sequels.	[ "Provincial Highway 1 (Taiwan)", "Qing dynasty" ]
What river flows through the city where Ross Thomas was born?	North Canadian River	[ "Oklahoma River" ]	Title: Scantic River Passage: The Scantic River (pronounced SKAN-tik) is a river that flows through the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut and is tributary to the Connecticut River. Title: Ross Thomas (author) Passage: Ross Thomas (February 19, 1926 in Oklahoma City – December 18, 1995 in Santa Monica, California) was an American writer of crime fiction. He is best known for his witty thrillers that expose the mechanisms of professional politics. He also wrote several novels under the pseudonym Oliver Bleeck about professional go-between Philip St. Ives. Title: Orikaka River Passage: The Orikaka River (also known as the Mackley River) is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southwest from the southern end of the Matiri Range before turning south to flow into the Buller River five kilometres to the west of Inangahua. Title: Arghistan River Passage: The Arghistan or Arghastan is a river in southern Afghanistan. It flows through Arghistan District and the provinces of Zabul and Kandahar. It is a tributary of the Dori River, a sub-tributary of the Helmand River. It flows for and has a basin area of . Title: Oklahoma City Passage: The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city.	[ "Oklahoma City", "Ross Thomas (author)" ]
Who is the sibling of the soloist on The Loner?	Astrid Young	[]	Title: Adolescence Passage: During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling. Title: The Loner Passage: The Loner is an American western series that ran for one season on CBS from 1965 to 1966, under the alternate sponsorship of Philip Morris and Procter & Gamble. The series was created by Rod Serling a year after the cancellation of "The Twilight Zone". It was one of the last TV series on CBS to air in black-and-white. Title: Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg Passage: Margaret of Bohemia (29 September 1373 – 4 June 1410) was the younger daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV and his fourth wife Elizabeth of Pomerania. Her siblings included Anne of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund. Title: The Loner (Neil Young song) Passage: "The Loner" is a song by Neil Young, his first solo single. It was released on his solo debut album in November 1968, and then an edited version as his debut solo single three months later on Reprise Records. It missed the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart completely, but over time has become a staple of his performance repertoire. Both it and "Sugar Mountain", its B-side recorded live at the Canterbury House in Ann Arbor, Michigan, were released on album together for his 1977 compilation, "Decade". Title: Scott Young (writer) Passage: Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences.	[ "The Loner (Neil Young song)", "Scott Young (writer)" ]
What is the salary of the Governor of the state where the town of Sherman is found?	$122,160	[]	Title: Cherepovets Governorate Passage: Cherepovets Governorate (, "Cherepovetskaya guberniya") was a governorate ("guberniya") of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1927. Its seat was in the city of Cherepovets. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Vologda, Novgorod, and Leningrad Oblasts. Title: List of governors of Mississippi Passage: Governor of Mississippi Arms of the state of Mississippi Incumbent Phil Bryant since January 10, 2012 Style Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal) Status Head of State Head of Government Residence Mississippi Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once Inaugural holder David Holmes Formation Constitution of Mississippi Succession Every four years, unless reelected Deputy Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi Salary $122,160 (2013) Title: Governor of Minnesota Passage: Governor of Minnesota Seal of Minnesota Incumbent Mark Dayton since January 3, 2011 Style The Honorable Residence Minnesota Governor's Residence Term length Four years, no term limit Formation May 24, 1858 Deputy Michelle Fischbach (Acting) Salary $120,303 (2013) Website http://www.governor.state.mn.us/ Title: Sherman, Mississippi Passage: Sherman is a town which straddles Lee, Pontotoc, and Union counties in Mississippi. The population was 650 at the 2010 census. Title: Governor of New South Wales Passage: Governor of New South Wales Badge of the Governor of New South Wales Standard of the Governor of New South Wales Incumbent David Hurley AC, DSC (Retd) since 2 October 2014 Office of the Governor Executive Council of New South Wales Style His Excellency Residence Government House, Sydney Nominator Premier of New South Wales Appointer Australian monarch Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 7 February 1788 First holder Arthur Phillip Salary $181 555 (AUD) Website Office of the Governor	[ "Sherman, Mississippi", "List of governors of Mississippi" ]
When did the Muslim conquest of the region Carthage and Tunisia are located in take place?	mid-7th to early 8th centuries	[ "8th century" ]	Title: History of India Passage: The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir. Title: Mosaic Passage: Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. Title: Romanticism Passage: The period typically called Romantic varies greatly between different countries and different artistic media or areas of thought. Margaret Drabble described it in literature as taking place ``roughly between 1770 and 1848 '', and few dates much earlier than 1770 will be found. In English literature, M.H. Abrams placed it between 1789, or 1798, this latter a very typical view, and about 1830, perhaps a little later than some other critics. Others have proposed 1780 -- 1830. In other fields and other countries the period denominated as Romantic can be considerably different; musical Romanticism, for example, is generally regarded as only having ceased as a major artistic force as late as 1910, but in an extreme extension the Four Last Songs of Richard Strauss are described stylistically as`` Late Romantic'' and were composed in 1946 -- 48. However, in most fields the Romantic Period is said to be over by about 1850, or earlier. Title: Sahara Passage: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year. Title: North African campaign Passage: The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).	[ "Mosaic", "Sahara" ]
How many households are in the city served by WNJN-FM?	15,848	[]	Title: KRBZ Passage: KRBZ, 96.5 FM in Kansas City, is an alternative rock station. The station uses the brand name 96-5 The Buzz. The station is owned by Entercom Communications, with studios located in Mission, Kansas and a transmitter site in Kansas City's East Side. Title: KXSS-FM Passage: KXSS-FM (96.9 FM, "96-9 KISS-FM") is a Top 40 (CHR) formatted radio station serving the Amarillo, Texas, market. KXSS-FM is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are located on Southwest 34th Avenue in Southwest Amarillo, and its transmitter tower is based north of the city on the property of unrelated television station KFDA-TV in unincorporated Potter County. Title: WNJN-FM Passage: WNJN-FM (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by WHYY, Inc., and simulcasts the public radio news and talk programming of WHYY-FM in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Title: CIMS-FM Passage: CIMS-FM (Radio Restigouche) is a Canadian French-language community radio station operating at 103.9 MHz/FM, located in Balmoral, New Brunswick. According to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), the station's city of licence is Balmoral, but the Industry Canada database lists the station as being based in Campbellton. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26.	[ "WNJN-FM", "Atlantic City, New Jersey" ]
What is the population of Helaman Ferguson's birth city?	190,884	[]	Title: Park Forest Village, Pennsylvania Passage: Park Forest Village is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Patton and Ferguson townships, Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 9,660 at the 2010 census. Title: 1877 Open Championship Passage: Davie Strath and Bob Ferguson played together but Strath had a disappointing 45 in the first round which left him well behind the leaders. Ferguson also started badly but recovered to score 40. William Brown led on 39 with Ferguson and Jamie Anderson on 40. After two rounds, three players were level on 80: Brown, Ferguson and William Cosgrove with Anderson and Bob Pringle only two behind. Strath was five behind on 85. Title: Ferguson Crossroads, Arkansas Passage: Ferguson Crossroads (also known as Ferguson) is an unincorporated community in Miller County, Arkansas, United States. Ferguson Crossroads is located on U.S. Route 71, southeast of Texarkana. Title: Helaman Ferguson Passage: Helaman Rolfe Pratt Ferguson (born 1940 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American sculptor and a digital artist, specifically an algorist. He is also well known for his development of the PSLQ algorithm, an integer relation detection algorithm. Title: Salt Lake City Passage: Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City - Ogden - Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada).	[ "Salt Lake City", "Helaman Ferguson" ]
What was the field of work of the man who developed the theory of Pangenesis?	bio	[ "Bio" ]	Title: Paul S. Martin Passage: Paul S. Martin (born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, 1928 - died in Tucson, Arizona September 13, 2010) was an American geoscientist at the University of Arizona who developed the theory that the Pleistocene extinction of large mammals worldwide was caused by overhunting by humans. Martin's work bridged the fields of ecology, anthropology, geosciences, and paleontology. Title: Darwin Medal Passage: The Darwin Medal is awarded by the Royal Society every alternate year for "work of acknowledged distinction in the broad area of biology in which Charles Darwin worked, notably in evolution, population biology, organismal biology and biological diversity". First awarded in 1890, it was created in memory of Charles Darwin and is presented with a £2000 prize (as of 2016). Title: History of genetics Passage: In breeding experiments between 1856 and 1865, Gregor Mendel first traced inheritance patterns of certain traits in pea plants and showed that they obeyed simple statistical rules with some traits being dominant and others being recessive. These patterns of Mendelian inheritance demonstrated that application of statistics to inheritance could be highly useful; they also contradicted 19th century theories of blending inheritance as the traits remained discrete through multiple generation of hybridization. Title: Gene Passage: Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction. Although Mendel's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866, it was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research. Title: George Edward Backus Passage: George Edward Backus (born May 24, 1930) is an American geophysicist, best known for his work with J. Freeman Gilbert on inverse methods for geophysical data. He is also notably credited with advancing the dynamo theory on the origin of the Earth's magnetic field.	[ "Gene", "Darwin Medal" ]
When did Wesly Mallard's former team lose their fifth straight game?	October 6	[ "6 October" ]	Title: 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships Passage: Pos Grp Team Pld OTW OTL GF GA GD Pts Final result Canada 7 6 0 0 39 11 + 28 19 Champions Sweden 7 5 0 28 14 + 14 17 Runners - up United States (H) 7 0 35 19 + 16 14 Third place Czech Republic 7 0 27 34 − 7 11 Fourth place 5 Russia 5 0 19 17 + 2 7 Eliminated in Quarter - finals 6 Finland 5 0 18 16 + 2 7 7 Slovakia 5 0 0 12 17 − 5 6 8 Switzerland 5 0 0 12 28 − 16 9 Denmark 6 0 10 32 − 22 5 Avoided Relegation 10 Belarus 6 0 0 5 16 28 − 12 Relegated to 2019 Division I Title: Wesly Mallard Passage: Mallard has been a member of the New England Patriots, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Denver Broncos and Seattle Seahawks, in addition to the Giants. Title: India national cricket team record by opponent Passage: India's Twenty20 International record by opponent Opponent Tie + W Tie + L NR Win% First Last Afghanistan 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2012 Australia 16 10 5 0 0 0 66.66 2007 2017 Bangladesh 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2009 2016 England 11 5 6 0 0 0 0 45.45 2007 2017 Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2009 2009 New Zealand 9 6 0 0 0 25.00 2007 2017 Pakistan 8 6 0 0 0 81.25 2007 2016 Scotland 0 0 0 0 0 - 1! -- 2007 2007 South Africa 11 6 0 0 0 60.0 2006 2015 Sri Lanka 14 10 0 0 0 0 63.63 2009 2017 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2016 2016 West Indies 8 5 0 0 0 28.57 2009 2017 Zimbabwe 7 5 0 0 0 0 71.42 2016 Total 94 55 33 0 0 5 61.04 2006 2017 Title: 2013 New York Giants season Passage: Week Date Opponent Result Record Game site NFL.com recap September 8 at Dallas Cowboys L 31 -- 36 0 -- 1 AT&T Stadium Recap September 15 Denver Broncos L 23 -- 41 0 -- 2 MetLife Stadium Recap September 22 at Carolina Panthers L 0 -- 38 0 -- 3 Bank of America Stadium Recap September 29 at Kansas City Chiefs L 7 -- 31 0 -- 4 Arrowhead Stadium Recap 5 October 6 Philadelphia Eagles L 21 -- 36 0 -- 5 MetLife Stadium Recap 6 October 10 at Chicago Bears L 21 -- 27 0 -- 6 Soldier Field Recap 7 October 21 Minnesota Vikings W 23 -- 7 1 -- 6 MetLife Stadium Recap 8 October 27 at Philadelphia Eagles W 15 -- 7 2 -- 6 Lincoln Financial Field Recap 9 Bye 10 November 10 Oakland Raiders W 24 -- 20 3 -- 6 MetLife Stadium Recap 11 November 17 Green Bay Packers W 27 -- 13 4 -- 6 MetLife Stadium Recap 12 November 24 Dallas Cowboys L 21 -- 24 4 -- 7 MetLife Stadium Recap 13 December 1 at Washington Redskins W 24 -- 17 5 -- 7 FedExField Recap 14 December 8 at San Diego Chargers L 14 -- 37 5 -- 8 Qualcomm Stadium Recap 15 December 15 Seattle Seahawks L 0 -- 23 5 -- 9 MetLife Stadium Recap 16 December 22 at Detroit Lions W 23 -- 20 (OT) 6 -- 9 Ford Field Recap 17 December 29 Washington Redskins W 20 -- 6 7 -- 9 MetLife Stadium Recap Title: 1990 FIFA World Cup Passage: Team GF GA GD Pts. West Germany 7 5 0 15 5 + 10 12 Argentina 7 5 + 1 7 Italy 7 6 0 10 + 8 13 England 7 8 6 + 2 9 Eliminated in the quarter - finals 5 Yugoslavia 5 8 6 + 2 7 6 Czechoslovakia 5 0 10 5 + 5 6 7 Cameroon 5 0 7 9 - 2 6 8 Republic of Ireland 5 0 − 1 Eliminated in the round of 16 9 Brazil 0 + 2 6 10 Spain 6 + 2 5 11 Belgium 0 6 + 2 12 Romania + 1 13 Costa Rica 0 6 − 2 14 Colombia 0 15 Netherlands 0 − 1 16 Uruguay 5 − 3 Eliminated in the group stage 17 Soviet Union 0 0 18 Austria 0 − 1 Scotland 0 − 1 20 Egypt 0 − 1 21 Sweden 0 0 6 − 3 0 22 South Korea 0 0 6 − 5 0 23 United States 0 0 8 − 6 0 24 United Arab Emirates 0 0 11 − 9 0	[ "Wesly Mallard", "2013 New York Giants season" ]
What is the population of the state where KNCK-FM is located?	2,913,123	[]	Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: KWRD-FM Passage: KWRD-FM is a Christian radio station with studios located in Irving, Texas, United States. Their slogan is "The Word". KWRD-FM is a service of the Salem Media Group and broadcasts on 100.7 FM. Title: KNCK-FM Passage: KNCK-FM (94.9 FM, "The New NCK 94-9") is a Hot Adult Contemporary formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Concordia, Kansas, and serving the communities of Concordia, Belleville, Minneapolis, and Beloit, Kansas, as well as North Central Kansas and South Central Nebraska. The station formerly carried most of its programming from ABC Radio's "Young AC" Network, until the station went to a more local presentation in 2010. Title: Kansas Passage: State of Kansas Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Sunflower State (official); The Wheat State; The Free State Motto (s): Ad astra per aspera (Latin for To the stars through difficulties) State song (s): ``Home on the Range ''Official language English Demonym Kansan Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Largest metro Greater Kansas City Area Ranked 15th Total 82,278 sq mi (213,100 km) Width 410 miles (660 km) Length 213 miles (343 km)% water 0.6 Latitude 37 ° N to 40 ° N Longitude 94 ° 35 ′ W to 102 ° 3 ′ W Population Ranked 35th Total 2,913,123 (2017 est.) Density 35.1 / sq mi (13.5 / km) Ranked 40th Median household income $54,865 (30th) Elevation Highest point Mount Sunflower 4,041 ft (1232 m) Mean 2,000 ft (610 m) Lowest point Verdigris River at Oklahoma border 679 ft (207 m) Before statehood Kansas Territory Admission to Union January 29, 1861 Kansas Day (34th) Governor Jeff Colyer (R) Lieutenant Governor Tracey Mann (R) Legislature Kansas Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Pat Roberts (R) Jerry Moran (R) U.S. House delegation Roger Marshall (R) Lynn Jenkins (R) Kevin Yoder (R) Ron Estes (R) (list) Time zones Majority of state Central: UTC − 6 / − 5 Greeley, Hamilton, Sherman, and Wallace counties Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - KS Abbreviations KS, Kan., Kans. Website www.kansas.gov Title: Henichesk Raion Passage: Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population:	[ "KNCK-FM", "Kansas" ]
What county shares a border with the county in which Johnnycake, West Virginia is located?	Avery County	[]	Title: Linville Falls Tavern Passage: Linville Falls Tavern, now known as Famous Louise's Rock House Restaurant, is a historic tavern located at Linville Falls, Avery County and McDowell County, North Carolina. It was built in 1936, and is a 1 1/2-story, eight bay, native stone Rustic Revival-style building. It has a hipped roof with dormer and two stone chimneys. Title: South Williamson, Kentucky Passage: South Williamson is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Appalachian Mountains of northeastern Pike County, Kentucky, United States, on the border with West Virginia. It is separated from Williamson, West Virginia by the Tug Fork River. The community is located near U.S. Route 119 about east of Pikeville, Kentucky and southwest of Logan, West Virginia. Title: Alta, Fayette County, West Virginia Passage: Alta is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Alta is located on West Virginia Route 16 and West Virginia Route 39 north of Gauley Bridge. Title: Johnnycake, West Virginia Passage: Johnnycake is an unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. Johnnycake is located on U.S. Route 52 north of Iaeger. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.	[ "Johnnycake, West Virginia", "Linville Falls Tavern" ]
Who operates the Embassy of Northern Cyprus in the birthplace of İsmail Keleş?	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	[ "Northern Cyprus", "Turkish Cypriot state", "TRNC", "Republic of Northern Cyprus", "The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ]	Title: İsmail Keleş Passage: İsmail Keleş (born March 5, 1988 in Ankara, Turkey) is a Turkish sport shooter competing in the pistol events. By profession a non-commissioned officer at the Turkish Gendarmerie, the tall athlete at , is a member of Jandarma Gücü Sports Club, where he is coached by Muhammed Topal. Title: Eurocypria Airlines Passage: Eurocypria was established on 25 March 1992 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cyprus Airways, as the first Cyprus based charter airline. Operations began on 12 June 1992 with two new Airbus A320 aircraft. Two more were added later. Since 2001, the airline has operated scheduled services from Cyprus, and charter flights. Title: Cyprus Passage: The Turkish invasion, followed by occupation and the declaration of independence of the TRNC have been condemned by United Nations resolutions, which are reaffirmed by the Security Council every year. The last major effort to settle the Cyprus dispute was the Annan Plan in 2004, drafted by the then Secretary General, Kofi Annan. The plan was put to a referendum in both Northern Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus. 65% of Turkish Cypriots voted in support of the plan and 74% Greek Cypriots voted against the plan, claiming that it disproportionately favoured the Turkish side. In total, 66.7% of the voters rejected the Annan Plan V. On 1 May 2004 Cyprus joined the European Union, together with nine other countries. Cyprus was accepted into the EU as a whole, although the EU legislation is suspended in the territory occupied by Turkey (TRNC), until a final settlement of the Cyprus problem. In July 2006, the island served as a haven for people fleeing Lebanon, due to the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah (also called "The July War"). Title: Cyprus Passage: The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union. Title: Embassy of Northern Cyprus, Ankara Passage: This embassy was established in late 1983 shortly after Turkey signed a treaty with the TRNC recognizing the November 15 1983 Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The embassy itself is located in the Ankara suburb of Gaziosmanpaşa (not to be confused by the Istanbul suburb of the same name).	[ "İsmail Keleş", "Embassy of Northern Cyprus, Ankara" ]
What is the capital of the province which contains the village of Lor?	Kapan	[]	Title: Lor, Armenia Passage: Lor () is a village and rural community (municipality) in the Syunik Province of Armenia. The National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia (ARMSTAT) reported its population as 420 in 2010, up from 355 at the 2001 census. The village is home to the house-museum of Hamo Sahyan, a famous Armenian poet native to Lor. Title: Orroral River Passage: Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Title: Geography of the United States Passage: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories. Title: History of Australia Passage: The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911. Title: Kapan Passage: Kapan () is a town at the southeast of Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of the urban community of Kapan as well as the provincial capital of Syunik Province. It is located in the valley of the Voghji River, on the northern slopes of Mount Khustup. According to the 2011 census, the population of Kapan is 43,190, slightly declined from 45,711 in the 2001 census. Kapan is the most populous town in the Syunik Province and the entire region of southern Armenia. However, the current population of the town is around 34,600 as per the 2016 official estimate.	[ "Lor, Armenia", "Kapan" ]
Where did the original inhabitants of the island where Anakena is located come from?	the Marquesas Islands from the west	[ "Marquesas", "Marquesas Islands" ]	Title: WSKG-FM Passage: WSKG-FM, 89.3 MHz FM, is an NPR member station in Binghamton, New York. It has an effective radiated power of 11.5 kW. Due to hilly terrain, the signal is repeated on several other frequencies located throughout South Central New York State. Title: History of Easter Island Passage: The Austronesian Polynesians, who first settled the island, are likely to have arrived from the Marquesas Islands from the west. These settlers brought bananas, taro, sugarcane, and paper mulberry, as well as chickens and Polynesian rats. The island at one time supported a relatively advanced and complex civilization. Title: Anakena Passage: Anakena is unusual for Easter Island in that it is one of only two small sandy beaches in an otherwise rocky coastline. Title: Guajataca River Passage: Guajataca River () is a river on the island of Lares, Puerto Rico. It is located in the northwest coast of the island. It flows from the south and drains into the Atlantic Ocean. The name was given by the original inhabitants prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Title: Shalbatana Vallis Passage: Shalbatana Vallis is an ancient water-worn channel on Mars, located in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at 7.8° north latitude and 42.1° west longitude. It is the westernmost of the southern Chryse outflow channels. Beginning in a zone of chaotic terrain, at 0° latitude and 46° W longitude, it ends in Chryse Planitia.	[ "Anakena", "History of Easter Island" ]
How many episodes are there about the Menendez brothers, on the show featuring the character Serena Southerlyn?	eight	[]	Title: Williams sisters rivalry Passage: Venus Williams and Serena Williams (born June 17, 1980, and September 26, 1981, respectively) are professional tennis players and sisters who have faced off 29 times in professional tournaments, most recently in the 2018 Indian Wells Masters 1000 event. Serena leads their head - to - head 17 -- 12. Title: Law & Order True Crime Passage: Law & Order True Crime is an American true crime anthology series that premiered September 26, 2017 on NBC. The series was ordered by NBC on July 15, 2016, and is part of the Law & Order franchise. Created by Rene Balcer, the eight - episode first season, titled Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, is a dramatization of the trial of Lyle and Erik Menendez, who were convicted in 1996 for the murder of their parents, José and Kitty Menendez. The first season concluded November 14, 2017. Title: Serena van der Woodsen Passage: Serena's enrollment in Columbia has her face Juliet's many attempts at getting rid of her, ranging from excluding her from an exclusive society along with driving Blair against her, exposing her relationship with her professor, Colin Forrester (Sam Page), who happens to be Juliet's cousin to get her kicked out, and spreading various rumors about Serena, who manages to evade these attempts. Juliet then recruits Jenny and Vanessa and succeed in gaslighting her into toying with Dan and Nate's feelings, attempting to take a foundation position from Blair, and returning to her old partying habits. Serena is rehabilitated while Dan and Blair subsequently discover Juliet's reasons for ruining Serena. Serena was supposedly in an illicit, but not ever consummated, relationship with Juliet's half - brother and Serena's boarding school English teacher, Ben Donovan (David Call) and was arrested when Lily forged an affidavit that falsely accused Ben of statutory rape, out of concern for Serena. Title: Desperately Seeking Serena Passage: "Desperately Seeking Serena" is the 15th episode of the CW television series, "Gossip Girl". The episode was written by Felicia D. Henderson and directed by Michael Fields. It originally aired on Monday, April 28, 2008 on the CW. It is the first episode to feature the recurring character of Georgina Sparks. Title: Serena Southerlyn Passage: Serena Southerlyn is a fictional character (played by Elisabeth Röhm) on the long-running NBC drama series "Law & Order". She appeared in 85 episodes.	[ "Serena Southerlyn", "Law & Order True Crime" ]
How many passing attempts does the winningest player in the NFL have?	at least 1,500	[]	Title: Tom Brady Passage: Over his career, Brady has won two league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 12 - time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third - highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. Title: Kirk Cousins Passage: Kirk Cousins Cousins in 2016 No. 8 -- Minnesota Vikings Position: Quarterback Born: (1988 - 08 - 19) August 19, 1988 (age 30) Barrington, Illinois Height: 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Weight: 202 lb (92 kg) Career information High school: Holland Christian (Holland, Michigan) College: Michigan State NFL Draft: 2012 / Round: 4 / Pick: 102 Career history Washington Redskins (2012 -- 2017) Minnesota Vikings (2018 -- present) Roster status: Active Career highlights and awards Pro Bowl (2016) Second - team All - Big Ten (2011) Career NFL statistics as of Week 8, 2018 Passing attempts: 2,437 Passing completions: 1,613 Completion percentage: 66.2 TD -- INT: 115 -- 59 Passing yards: 18,727 Passer rating: 94.9 Player stats at NFL.com Player stats at PFR Title: List of National Football League career quarterback wins leaders Passage: Active quarterback Tom Brady holds the records for most wins with 219, most regular season wins with 194, and most postseason wins with 25, as of Week 15 of the 2017 NFL season. Having played the entirety of his career with the New England Patriots, each of Brady's win records also apply to wins with a single team. Title: Drew Brees Passage: Drew Christopher Brees (/ briːz /;) (born January 15, 1979) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). After a prolific college football career at Purdue University, he was chosen by the San Diego Chargers with the first pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He left college as one of the most decorated players in Purdue and Big Ten Conference history, establishing two NCAA records, 13 Big Ten Conference records, and 19 Purdue University records. As of 2017, he remains the Big Ten record - holder in several passing categories, including completions (1,026), attempts (1,678), and yards (11,792). Title: Al Krueger Passage: Alvin John Krueger (April 3, 1919 – February 20, 1999) was an American football end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He also played in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the Los Angeles Dons. He played college football at the University of Southern California. Krueger received the winning touchdown pass from quarterback Doyle Nave over a no-scoring Duke team in the 1939 Rose Bowl. He and Nave were named Co-MVP for that game and were later inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame.	[ "List of National Football League career quarterback wins leaders", "Tom Brady" ]
Who is in charge in the country with the FEST film festival?	Aleksandar Vučić	[]	Title: Manfredo Fest Passage: Manfredo Irmin Fest (May 13, 1936 – October 8, 1999) was a legally blind bossa nova and jazz pianist and keyboardist from Brazil. He was also a bandleader. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and he died at 63 years old in Tampa Bay, Florida. He was husband of the composer Lili Fest and father of the guitarist Phill Fest. Title: Endless Love (2014 film) Passage: Endless Love Theatrical release poster Directed by Shana Feste Produced by Scott Stuber Pamela Abdy Josh Schwartz Stephanie Savage Screenplay by Shana Feste Joshua Safran Based on Endless Love by Scott Spencer Starring Alex Pettyfer Gabriella Wilde Bruce Greenwood Joely Richardson Robert Patrick Music by Christophe Beck Cinematography Andrew Dunn Edited by Maryann Brandon Production company Bluegrass Films Fake Empire Productions Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date February 14, 2014 (2014 - 02 - 14) Running time 105 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $20 million Box office $34.7 million Title: FEST (Belgrade) Passage: FEST is an annual film festival held in Belgrade, Serbia since 1971. The festival is usually held in the first quarter of the year. Title: Nissan Leaf Passage: The Nissan Leaf (Japanese: 日産リーフ) is a compact five - door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissan and introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2018 model year Leaf is 243 km (151 miles) on a full battery charge. The battery can be charged from empty to 80% capacity in about 30 minutes using DC fast charging. Title: Serbia Passage: The President of the Republic ("Predsednik Republike") is the head of state, is elected by popular vote to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms. In addition to being the commander in chief of the armed forces, the president has the procedural duty of appointing the prime minister with the consent of the parliament, and has some influence on foreign policy. Aleksandar Vučić of the Serbian Progressive Party is the current president following the 2017 presidential election. Seat of the presidency is Novi Dvor.	[ "FEST (Belgrade)", "Serbia" ]
Where did the country Logan returns to support dictatorships in the 70s?	South American countries	[ "South America" ]	Title: X-Men Origins: Wolverine Passage: While Logan and Victor join forces to fight off Weapon XI, Kayla is mortally wounded leading the captive mutants to Professor Charles Xavier and safety. After Logan kills Weapon XI, Stryker arrives and shoots Logan in the head with adamantium bullets, rendering Logan unconscious. Before Stryker can shoot Kayla, she grabs him and uses her mutant power to persuade him to turn around and walk away until his feet bleed. Logan regains consciousness but has lost his memory. He notices his dog tags read ``Logan ''on one side and`` Wolverine'' on the other. He pauses upon noticing Kayla's body, but does not recognize her and leaves the island. Title: Modern history Passage: In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United States intervention which led to a political polarization. Most South American countries were in some periods ruled by military dictatorships that were supported by the United States of America. In the 1970s, the regimes of the Southern Cone collaborated in Operation Condor killing many leftist dissidents, including some urban guerrillas. However, by the early 1990s all countries had restored their democracies. Title: Edward Lawrence Logan Passage: Edward Lawrence Logan (January 20, 1875 – July 6, 1939) was an American lawyer, judge, military officer, and politician. While still a student, Logan enlisted in the Massachusetts 9th infantry during the Spanish–American War. Upon returning to Boston, he ran successfully for a seat on the Boston City Council in 1899, and subsequently won election to the Massachusetts state legislature as both a representative, and later as a state senator. Rising to the rank of major general following the First World War, he was given command of the 26th Infantry Division of the United States Army. Logan was instrumental in the post–World War I reorganization of that unit, as well as the Massachusetts National Guard. He would go on to serve as head of the American Legion's Massachusetts division. Title: Transwestern Airlines Passage: Transwestern Airlines was a regional airline based in Logan, Utah, its hub was at the Logan-Cache Airport. Founded in 1976, it was later acquired by Horizon Air in 1983. Title: The Wolverine (film) Passage: In a mid-credits scene, Logan returns to the United States two years later and is approached at the airport by Erik Lehnsherr, who warns him of a grave new threat to the mutant race; and Charles Xavier, whom Logan previously thought was dead.	[ "Modern history", "The Wolverine (film)" ]
What is the name of the airport in the city where Museum of Vietnamese History is located?	Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport	[ "SGN", "Tan Son Nhat International Airport" ]	Title: Tan Son Nhat International Airport Passage: Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) (Vietnamese: Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất, Vietnamese: Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất) is the busiest airport in Vietnam with 32.5 million passengers in 2016, serving Ho Chi Minh City as well as the rest of southeastern Vietnam. As of January 2017, it had a total capacity of only 25 million passengers, which has caused constant congestion and sparked debate for expanding or building a new airport. The airport's IATA code, SGN, is derived from the city's former name of Saigon. Title: Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum Passage: The Sherbrooke Nature and Science Museum () is a natural history and science museum in downtown Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 225 Frontenac Street in downtown Sherbrooke. Title: Shiloh Museum of Ozark History Passage: The Shiloh Museum of Ozark History, located in Springdale, Arkansas, is a regional history museum covering the Arkansas Ozarks. Programs, exhibits, and events relating to Ozark and Northwest Arkansas history are offered by the museum to the public. The museum has a large research library and the largest collection of historic images in Arkansas. The library is open to the public during regular museum hours. The geographic region covered by the museum includes the following six counties: Benton County, Boone County, Carroll County, Madison County, Newton County, and Washington County. Title: Museum of Vietnamese History Passage: The Museum of Vietnamese History is located at 2 Nguyen Binh Khiem Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Formerly known as the Musée Blanchard de la Brosse, built by Auguste Delaval in 1926, and The National Museum of Viet Nam in Sai Gon, it received its current name in 1979. It is a museum showcasing Vietnam's history with exhibits from all periods. It should not be confused with the National Museum of Vietnamese History in Hanoi. The topics covered by the exhibits include the following: Title: Indiana Railway Museum Passage: The Indiana Railway Museum is a railroad museum located in French Lick, Indiana, United States dedicated to preserving and displaying artifacts related to the history of railroads in Indiana.	[ "Tan Son Nhat International Airport", "Museum of Vietnamese History" ]
Who did the singer that co-wrote the song "Shake It Off" with Max Martin and Shellback play in the lorax?	Audrey	[]	Title: The Lorax (film) Passage: The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer - animated musical fantasy -- comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once - ler. The cast includes Zac Efron as Ted, Danny DeVito as the Lorax, and Ed Helms as the Once - ler. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White). Title: Shake It Off Passage: "Shake It Off" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift from her fifth album, 1989 (2014). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Shellback, it is an uptempo dance-pop track considered to be a departure from Swift's earlier country pop music style. "Shake It Off" is the sixth track on the album and serves as the lead single. The song premiered during a Yahoo! live stream session on August 18, 2014 (also streaming internationally online); its music video was also released the same day. Several hours later, the song was made available for digital download. Title: First Love (Jennifer Lopez song) Passage: "First Love" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her eighth studio album, "A.K.A." (2014). It was written by Max Martin, Savan Kotecha and Ilya Salmanzadeh, and produced by Martin and Ilya, with vocal production being handled by Martin, Peter Carlsson, and Ilya. It was released by Capitol Records as the album's second single on May 1, 2014. The song was first developed when Lopez was talking to Martin, Kotecha and Cory Rooney about relationships during a break from the album recording. A day later, they appeared with the lyrics of the track, and Lopez recorded it. Title: Livin' Our Love Song Passage: "Livin' Our Love Song" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released in April 2007 as the second single from his album "Waitin' in the Country". Carroll co-wrote the song with Glen Mitchell and Tim Galloway. Title: It's the Things You Do Passage: "It's the Things You Do" is the fifth single from British boy band Five's debut studio album, "5ive" (1998). Written by Max Martin, George Shahin, Herbie Crichlow and Five, the song was released as a single exclusively in the United States. The song charted at number 53 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.	[ "The Lorax (film)", "Shake It Off" ]
Was there any discussion about voting in the state with Chessa Field?	a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes	[ "Ohio", "OH" ]	Title: Chessa Field Passage: Chessa Field is the women's soccer field of the Ohio Bobcats. It was opened under the name of "Ohio Soccer Field" on September 6, 1997. On that day, Ohio defeated the Youngstown State University Penguins 2-0 in what was also the first home varsity women's soccer game in the history of Ohio University. Title: 51st state Passage: On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to "set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union," asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state. On February 12, 2014, Senator Martin Heinrich introduced a bill in the US Senate. The bill would require a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state. In the event of a yes vote, the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state. Title: 2004 United States presidential election Passage: At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of Representatives, the motion was supported by 31 Democrats. It was opposed by 178 Republicans, 88 Democrats and one independent. Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats. Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant. In the Senate, it was supported only by its maker, Senator Boxer, with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting. During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote. Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities." Title: Human Development Report Passage: The report was first launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen. Its goal was to place people at the center of the development process in terms of economic debate, policy and advocacy. Development was characterized by the provision of choices and freedoms resulting in widespread outcomes. Title: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Passage: The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates or vote.	[ "Chessa Field", "2004 United States presidential election" ]
When did the first casino open in the city where WAYV is located?	May 26, 1978	[]	Title: Resorts Casino Hotel Passage: Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort completed an expansion in 2004, adding the 27 - story Rendezvous Tower, and underwent renovations in 2011, converting the resort to a Roaring Twenties theme. Title: The Star Gold Coast Passage: The Star Gold Coast (formerly Jupiters Hotel and Casino) is a casino and hotel located in the suburb of Broadbeach on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. The casino, which was Queensland's first, is situated next to the Nerang River and is operated by Star Entertainment Group. It opened in February 1986 as Conrad Jupiters. In 2017 it was rebranded as The Star, Gold Coast. Title: Tropicana Evansville Passage: Tropicana Evansville is a casino in downtown Evansville, Indiana, owned and operated by Tropicana Entertainment. Originally named Casino Aztar, it was opened by Aztar Corporation in 1995 as the state's first casino. Title: WAYV Passage: WAYV (95.1 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It airs a contemporary hit radio format. It has been among the top rated and billing stations in the Atlantic City market since 1980. Its studios are located at the Bayport One complex in West Atlantic City, and its transmitter is located north of Atlantic City. The on-air personalities are Mike & Diane (mornings), Nikki (middays), Phil Rossi (afternoons), and Jackson Blue (weeknights). WAYV is simulcast on 105.5 WAIV in Cape May. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.	[ "Resorts Casino Hotel", "WAYV" ]
How do you become a justice of pace in the territory compared with Gibraltar?	appointed by the President of the Republic of Singapore	[ "Republic of Singapore", "Singapore" ]	Title: Justice of the peace Passage: A justice of the peace in Singapore derives his powers from statute law. He is appointed by the President of the Republic of Singapore, under the provisions of section 11 (l) of the Subordinate Courts Act (Cap. 321). The President may revoke the appointment of any justice of the peace. A newly appointed justice of the peace is required by section 17 of the Subordinate Courts Act, to take the oath of office and allegiance as set out in the schedule to the Subordinate Courts Act, before exercising the functions of his office. Title: Motherland (anthem) Passage: "Motherland" is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean-Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty. Title: British Empire Passage: In December 1941, Japan launched, in quick succession, attacks on British Malaya, the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong. Churchill's reaction to the entry of the United States into the war was that Britain was now assured of victory and the future of the empire was safe, but the manner in which British forces were rapidly defeated in the Far East irreversibly harmed Britain's standing and prestige as an imperial power. Most damaging of all was the fall of Singapore, which had previously been hailed as an impregnable fortress and the eastern equivalent of Gibraltar. The realisation that Britain could not defend its entire empire pushed Australia and New Zealand, which now appeared threatened by Japanese forces, into closer ties with the United States. This resulted in the 1951 ANZUS Pact between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America. Title: Ernie Parsons Passage: Ernie Parsons (born June 5, 1946) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding of Prince Edward—Hastings for the Ontario Liberal Party from 1999 to 2007. In 2007 he was appointed as a Justice of the Peace. Title: Frederick Fryer Passage: He served in the Second Boer War and the First World War, commanding his regiment and two mounted brigades. In later life he became a Deputy Lieutenant of Dorset and a Justice of the Peace.	[ "Justice of the peace", "British Empire" ]
Which Confederate general failed to capture the Union fort in the city with Neyland Stadium?	James Longstreet	[]	Title: USS J. W. Wilder (1859) Passage: USS "J. W. Wilder" (1859) was a schooner captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a tender in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways. Title: Louisa Hawkins Canby Passage: Louisa Hawkins Canby (December 25, 1818 – 1889) was nicknamed the "Angel of Santa Fe" in 1862 for her compassion toward sick, wounded, and freezing Confederate soldiers at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Mrs. Canby was the wife of Union Brig. Gen. Edward Richard Sprigg Canby whose order to destroy or hide not only weapons and ammunition but all food, equipment, and blankets prior to any retreat was largely responsible for the Confederates' misery. Taking pity on her husband's enemies, Mrs. Canby not only organized other officers' wives to nurse the sick and wounded among the occupying Confederate forces, but also showed Col. William Read Scurry where fleeing Union forces had hidden blankets and food. Mrs. Canby, said one rebel, "captured more hearts of Confederate soldier [sic] than the old general ever captured Confederate bodies." Title: Neyland Stadium Passage: Neyland Stadium (pronounced "NEE-land") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field which is now the name of the playing surface, the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in the following decade. Neyland Stadium is the fourth largest stadium in the United States, the fifth largest stadium in the world, and the second largest stadium in the Southeastern Conference. The stadium is named for Robert Neyland, who served three stints as head football coach at the University of Tennessee between 1926 and 1952. Title: Benjamin Franklin Gordon Passage: Benjamin Franklin Gordon (May 18, 1826 – September 22, 1866) was a Confederate States Army colonel during the American Civil War (Civil War). Gordon had been a private and bugler for a Missouri regiment serving in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War. Gordon served in the Confederate Army under Brigadier General Joseph O. "Jo" Shelby in Missouri and Arkansas in the Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department throughout the war. On May 16, 1865, with the war coming to an end, General E. Kirby Smith, as the Confederate commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department, assigned Gordon to duty as a brigadier general. The Confederate government took no action on the appointment and Confederate President Jefferson Davis did not officially appoint and nominate Gordon to the rank of brigadier general because the Confederate Senate last met on March 18, 1865, and Davis was captured by Union troops on May 10, 1865. Although he was only aged 40 at his death, Gordon survived the war by little more than a year. Title: Tennessee Passage: Confederates held East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. The Confederates, led by General James Longstreet, did attack General Burnside's Fort Sanders at Knoxville and lost. It was a big blow to East Tennessee Confederate momentum, but Longstreet won the Battle of Bean's Station a few weeks later. The Confederates besieged Chattanooga during the Chattanooga Campaign in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Perryville, Kentucky to another Confederate defeat at Chattanooga.	[ "Tennessee", "Neyland Stadium" ]
When did Britain withdraw from Mina Salman's country?	1971	[]	Title: Belle Mina Passage: Belle Mina, known as Belmina during the 19th century, is a historic plantation and plantation house in Belle Mina, Alabama, United States. Completed in 1826, the Late Georgian-style house was built for Alabama's second governor, Thomas Bibb. Title: Military Police of Minas Gerais State Passage: The Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais (PMMG) (Minas Gerais Military Police) is a military law-enforcement organization in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is both the oldest and the second largest state police force in all of Brazil, with approximately 48,000 officers under its command. As a gendarmerie, its duties largely consist of preventing crime and patrolling both the towns and countryside of Minas Gerais. Title: British Empire Passage: While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976. Title: Mina Salman Passage: Mina Salman (Arabic: ميناء سلمان ) is a seaport located in Manama, Bahrain. Mina Salman was a natural harbour prior to the establishment in 1962 of the port covering 80 hectares. It is the primary cargo port and customs point of Bahrain. The port has 15 container berths, enabling it to handle 2.5 million tonnes a year. Title: Antônio Prado de Minas Passage: Antônio Prado de Minas is a municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Its population is estimated to be 1,453 people living in an area of 85.042 km². The city belongs to the microregion of Muriaé within the mesoregion of Zona da Mata.	[ "British Empire", "Mina Salman" ]
When did Britain withdraw from the country where Gufool is located?	1971	[]	Title: Gufool Passage: Gufool is a neighborhood of the city of Manama, in Bahrain. The area is most famous for having a water garden. Title: British Empire Passage: With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the "Scramble for Africa" by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality. Title: All You Need Is Love Passage: ``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries. Title: British Empire Passage: While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976. Title: British Empire Passage: Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ``imperial century ''by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of`` splendid isolation''. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an ``Informal Empire ''.	[ "British Empire", "Gufool" ]
When did King Kong open where Steven Spielberg worked as a student?	July 13, 2016	[]	Title: Aimee Chan Passage: Aimee Chan (born 1 April 1981) or Chan Yan-mei (Traditional Chinese: 陳茵媺) is a Canadian born actress based in Hong Kong. She was the winner of Miss Hong Kong 2006 and was offered a TVB contract shortly after. Title: Eniro.se Passage: Eniro.se is a local Swedish search portal offering telephone directory, websearch and maps for Sweden. In addition to this Eniro offers a news aggregator, shopping services, video search, image search and job search. Its biggest competitor is Hitta.se who offer similar services. Title: The Kings of Hong Kong Passage: The Kings of Hong Kong is the second album by 22-Pistepirkko. It was released in 1987 (see 1987 in music). Title: Steven Spielberg Passage: While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal. Title: Skull Island: Reign of Kong Passage: Skull Island: Reign of Kong is a ride at the Islands of Adventure theme park at Universal Orlando in Florida. It began soft openings on June 9, 2016 and officially opened on July 13, 2016.	[ "Steven Spielberg", "Skull Island: Reign of Kong" ]
Where is the new island forming in the state that owns Aloha Stadium?	about 35 km (22 mi) off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii	[ "Hawaii, United States", "Hawaii", "HI" ]	Title: Les Murakami Stadium Passage: Les Murakami Stadium is the baseball stadium at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. The stadium was built in 1984 and renamed after legendary Rainbow coach Les Murakami for the 2002 season. Title: Lōʻihi Seamount Passage: Lōihi Seamount (also known as Lōʻihi) is an active submarine volcano about 35 km (22 mi) off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii. The top of the seamount is about 975 m (3,000 ft) below sea level. This seamount is on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on Earth. Lōihi, meaning ``long ''in Hawaiian, is the newest volcano in the Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain, a string of volcanoes that stretches over 5,800 km (3,600 mi) northwest of Lōʻihi. Unlike most active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean that make up the active plate margins on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Lōʻihi and the other volcanoes of the Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain are hotspot volcanoes and formed well away from the nearest plate boundary. Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands arise from the Hawaii hotspot, and as the youngest volcano in the chain, Lōihi is the only Hawaiian volcano in the deep submarine preshield stage of development. Title: Geography of Prince Edward Island Passage: Prince Edward Island's geography is mostly pastoral with red soil, white sand, and scattered communities. Known as the "Garden of the Gulf", the island is located in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence north of Nova Scotia and east of New Brunswick, with which it forms the Northumberland Strait. Title: Vic Latino Passage: Vic Latino (born Victor J. Canales in Long Island, New York) is an American radio and television personality of Spanish descent. He is co-founder of JVC Broadcasting which owns radio stations on Long Island and in the state of Florida. Title: Yankee Stadium (1923) Passage: In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.	[ "Lōʻihi Seamount", "Les Murakami Stadium" ]
When was the artist that performed Chemical Heart formed?	1995	[]	Title: Vahid Soroor Passage: Vahid Soroor (Persian: ) (born 1971) is a singer from Afghanistan. Vahid Soroor was born in the city of Kabul, Afghanistan. Being the son of two established Cinema, Theatre, TV and Radio artist parents Mazida and Khan Agha Soroor, he caught on to music at an early age. At the age of eight he performed for school concerts at Said Noor Mohammad Shah Mina School in Karte-Nau. Vahid and his family moved to India in 1982, where he sang as the lead singer for his school in more than 5 large concerts. Vahid Soroor left (during a Qawali concert in India). In the spring of 1987, Vahid and his family moved to Canada, where he teamed up with his two brothers Walid and Wais Soroor and performed as the lead singer for the first musical group of Afghanistan in Toronto called Caravan in 1988. Vahid, then, joined his brother Walid Soroor and started a group called king of hearts or Sultane Qalbha where he assumed the role of the keyboard player while he continued his post secondary education at York University in Toronto. Over the years Vahid expanded his horizons and developed a special interest for music from the middle-east. Title: Grinspoon Passage: Grinspoon is an Australian rock band from Lismore, New South Wales formed in 1995 and fronted by Phil Jamieson on vocals and guitar with Pat Davern on guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar and Kristian Hopes on drums. Also in 1995, they won the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition for Lismore, with their post-grunge song "Sickfest". Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon an Associate Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use. Title: Jehovah's Witnesses Passage: The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, "it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do." However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, "Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time." Title: Chemical Heart Passage: "Chemical Heart" was the first single released from Grinspoon's third studio album "New Detention" in 2002. It was a surprising change for fans because the grunge rock band had released ballads before, but they had never released one as their first single, and most people were expecting a hard rocking song like the later released single "Lost Control". The single marked a change in the band that could be seen after the year-long break they took from touring and recording, this time working with the record label Sony Universal, a joint venture with Sony BMG and Universal Music Group, instead of their low-key indie label Grudge Records. Title: Bryan Duncan Passage: Bryan Duncan (born March 16, 1953) is an American contemporary Christian music artist. He is known for being lead singer of the group Sweet Comfort Band and subsequent solo career, which spanned more than 25 years. He is currently involved with the Nehosoul Band and "Radio Rehab" podcast. He has been the recipient of four Dove Awards and has received multiple Dove and Grammy Award nominations. Notable songs include "Love You With My Life", "Love Takes Time" and "A Heart Like Mine".	[ "Grinspoon", "Chemical Heart" ]
When was the spring training home of the team Scott Sheldon was a member of built?	1976	[]	Title: George M. Steinbrenner Field Passage: George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News. Title: Scott Sheldon Passage: Scott Patrick Sheldon (born November 20, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball third baseman/shortstop and right-handed batter who played for the Oakland Athletics (1997) and Texas Rangers (1998–2001). He also played in Japan for the Orix BlueWave (2002–03). Title: Sloan Park Passage: Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.	[ "Chicago Cubs", "Scott Sheldon" ]
Who beat the man named as a sports person of the year in 2018, in the U.S. Open?	Novak Djokovic	[]	Title: 2018 NBA draft Passage: 2018 NBA draft General information Date (s) June 21, 2018 Time 7: 00 pm (EDT) Location Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York Network (s) (US) ESPN, Yahoo Sports First selection Deandre Ayton, Phoenix Suns ← 2017 NBA draft 2019 → Title: BUL M-5 Passage: The BUL M-5 is a M1911 clone pistol made by Israeli firearms manufacturer BUL Transmark. M-5s are made in "carry" models for personal defense and "competition" models for sporting use (particularly IPSC competitions). Title: Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year Passage: The inaugural winner of the award was the American golfer Tiger Woods who finished the 1999 season with eight wins, a feat not achieved since 1974, including the PGA Championship. He went on to become the most dominant player of his era, earning a second Laureus Award the following year, and five further nominations between 2002 and 2008. The 2003 winner of the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year was the American road cyclist Lance Armstrong. He had been nominated the previous year, and earned further nominations in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Following Armstrong's 2013 admission of doping, all his Laureus awards and nominations were rescinded. Tennis players dominate the winners list, with nine awards, while athletes have won four times, Formula One drivers three times, and golfers twice. Excluding Armstrong, the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year has been won by just seven individuals since its inception. The 2018 winner of the Laureus Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year was the Swiss tennis player Roger Federer, who now has the most wins with five. Title: Djokovic–Federer rivalry Passage: The Djokovic -- Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer. They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23 -- 22. This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals. Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9 -- 6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings. A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era. To date Federer is the only man to have beaten Djokovic in all four majors, and likewise Djokovic is the only man to have beaten Federer in all four majors. Both men accomplished this after having beaten each other at Wimbledon. Both players are generally considered to be the two greatest hard court players in the open era. Title: Pyongyang Gymnasium Passage: Pyongyang Gymnasium, also known as Pyongyang Indoor Stadium, is an indoor sporting arena located in Pyongyang, North Korea. The capacity of the arena is for 20,100 people and was opened in 1973. It is used to host indoor sporting events, such as basketball and volleyball, as well as concerts.	[ "Djokovic–Federer rivalry", "Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year" ]
What cigars are named for the island capital of the country where the town of Corralillo is located?	Havana cigars	[ "Havana" ]	Title: North Carolina Passage: In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her. Title: Cigar Passage: In Seven Years' War it is believed Israel Putnam brought back a cache of Havana cigars, making cigar smoking popular in the US after the American Revolution. He also brought Cuban tobacco seeds which he planted in the Hartford area of New England. This reportedly resulted in the development of the renowned Connecticut Wrapper. Title: ISO 3166-2:HM Passage: ISO 3166-2:HM is the entry for Heard Island and McDonald Islands in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: Corralillo Passage: Corralillo is a municipality and town in the Villa Clara Province of Cuba. It was founded in 1831 and established as a municipality in 1879. Title: Malawi Passage: Malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. Malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of July ). Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third largest is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed ""The Warm Heart of Africa"" because of the friendliness of the people.	[ "Corralillo", "Cigar" ]
Who was the first leader of the independent country AS Dragons were from?	Fulbert Youlou	[]	Title: Édouard Mwe di Malila Apenela Passage: Édouard Lendje Héritier Mwe di Malila Apenela, (13 October 1937 - 5 June 2014) was a Congolese businessman, founder and president of the Woyo Alliance, former president and donator of the football club AS Dragons. Title: Jean-Louis Borloo Passage: Jean-Louis Borloo (; born 7 April 1951 in Paris) is a French politician and was the leader of the Union of Democrats and Independents, and French Minister for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning (Regional Development) between 2007 and 2010. On 6 April 2014, he announced in a letter that he would resign from every mandate or responsibility, due to health reasons. Title: 1934 Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide crash Passage: The 1934 Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide crash occurred on 2 October 1934 when a de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide of Hillman's Airways crashed into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, killing all seven people on board. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Abridge Aerodrome to Le Bourget Airport, Paris. The accident resulted in the first write-off of a Dragon Rapide. Title: How to Train Your Dragon (film) Passage: The story takes place in a mythical Viking world where a young Viking teenager named Hiccup aspires to follow his tribe's tradition of becoming a dragon slayer. After finally capturing his first dragon, and with his chance at last of gaining the tribe's acceptance, he finds that he no longer wants to kill the dragon and instead befriends it. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.	[ "Édouard Mwe di Malila Apenela", "Republic of the Congo" ]
When did the birth state of Kevin Sessums become a right to work state?	1954	[]	Title: Avicenna Passage: In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthplace in Qishlak Afshona, some 25 km (16 mi) north of Bukhara, a training college for medical staff has been named for him.[year needed] On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work.[citation needed] Title: Harlem, Georgia Passage: Harlem is a city in Columbia County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area. The population was 2,666 at the 2010 census, up from 1,814 in 2000. The city was named after Harlem, New York. Harlem is the birthplace of comedian Oliver Hardy; the annual Harlem Oliver Hardy Festival is held on the first Saturday each October on Main Street in his honor. Title: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights Passage: This right has been incorporated against the states. Described as a fundamental and individual right that will necessarily be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts, see McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010). Self Defense is described as ``the central component ''of the Second Amendment in McDonald, supra., and upheld District of Columbia v. Heller 554 U.S (2008) concluding the Fourteenth Amendment incorporates the Second Amendment right, recognized in Heller, to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self - defense. The 14th Amendment makes the 2nd Amendment right to keep and bear arms fully applicable to the States, see, McDonald vs. City of Chicago (2010).`` The right to keep and bear arms must be regarded as a substantive guarantee, not a prohibition that could be ignored as long as the States legislated in an evenhanded manner,'' McDonald, supra... Title: Kevin Sessums Passage: Kevin Sessums was born in 1956 in Forest, Mississippi. His brother is artist Dr. J. Kim Sessums of Brookhaven, Mississippi. Title: Right-to-work law Passage: Alabama (adopted 1953, Constitution 2016) Arizona (Constitution, State Constitution Article 25 approved 1946) (adopted 1944) Arkansas (Constitution, 1947, Amendment 34) Florida (Constitution, 1944, revised 1968, Article 1, Section 6) Georgia (adopted 1947) Idaho (adopted 1985) Indiana (State law, 2012) Iowa (adopted 1947) Kansas (Constitution, 1958, Article 15, Section 12) Kentucky (adopted 2017) Louisiana (adopted 1976) Michigan (State law, 2012) Mississippi (Constitution, adopted 1954) Missouri (adopted 2017) (Postponed by petition to 2018 for citizen voting) Nebraska (Constitution and statute, adopted 1946) Nevada (adopted 1951) North Carolina (adopted 1947) North Dakota (adopted 1947) Oklahoma (Constitution, adopted 2001) South Carolina (adopted 1954) South Dakota (adopted 1946) Tennessee (adopted 1947) Texas (adopted 1947, revised 1993) Utah (adopted 1955) Virginia (adopted 1947) West Virginia (adopted 2016) (Went into effect September 2017 due to lower court injunctions) Wisconsin (adopted 2015) Wyoming (adopted 1963)	[ "Kevin Sessums", "Right-to-work law" ]
Hopewell, New Jersey, in the county where the community of Wallpack Center is found, is located within which township?	Sparta Township	[]	Title: Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey Passage: Hopewell is an unincorporated community located within Sparta Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1,093 feet (333 m). Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Wallpack Center, New Jersey Passage: Wallpack Center (also known as Walpack Center) is an unincorporated community located within Walpack Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. Wallpack Center is located in the Flat Brook Valley west of Branchville. Wallpack Center has a post office with ZIP code 07881. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.	[ "Wallpack Center, New Jersey", "Hopewell, Sussex County, New Jersey" ]
When did the country whose flag Madonna rubbed between her thighs become an American territory?	1898	[]	Title: Ebenezer Sproat Passage: Ebenezer Sproat (February 9, 1752 – January 7, 1805), surname also spelled Sprout, was an officer of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, a pioneer to the Ohio Country, and one of the founders of Marietta, Ohio, the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory. He served throughout the entire American war of independence, from April 1775 through November 1783, achieving the rank of colonel. After the war, he was a pioneer and surveyor in the Northwest Territory, and became a leader of the militia at Marietta during the Northwest Indian War. He was the first sheriff in the Northwest Territory and Ohio, serving fourteen years as sheriff of Washington County, the oldest county in Ohio. Title: Flag of American Samoa Passage: The flag of American Samoa is a flag consisting of a red-edged white triangle pointing towards the hoist charged with a bald eagle clutching a war club and fly-whisk, with dark blue upper and lower triangles. Adopted in April 1960 to replace the "Stars and Stripes" as the official flag of the territory, it has been the flag of the Territory of American Samoa since that year. The colors used epitomize the traditional colors of the United States and Samoa. Title: Star of David Passage: The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the ``flag of Zion ''. Title: Puerto Rico Passage: Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile during his second voyage. Later it endured invasion attempts from the French, Dutch, and British. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island's ethnic, cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves, Canarian, and Andalusian settlers. In the Spanish imperial imagination, Puerto Rico played a secondary, but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and the mainland parts of New Spain. Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century, helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Native Americans, Africans, and Iberians. In 1898, following the Spanish -- American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over.	[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "Puerto Rico" ]
What happened in country having Al-Serkal during the cold war?	Cambodian Civil War	[]	Title: Canadian Armed Forces Passage: Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Title: Soviet–Afghan War Passage: The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran. Title: Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Passage: Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team. Title: Al-Serkal Mosque Passage: The Al-Serkal Mosque is the main mosque in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. It was a gift from Al Serkal Family, United Arab Emirates and opened in 1968. It is situated north of the town, near the Boeung Kak lake, which is now dry. Title: Cambodian Civil War Passage: Cambodian Civil War Part of the Vietnam War, the Indochina Wars, and the Cold War US tanks entering a town in Cambodia in 1970. Date 17 January 1968 -- 17 April 1975 (5 years and 3 months) Location Cambodia Result Khmer Rouge victory Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia Creation, then collapse, of the Khmer Republic Establishment of Democratic Kampuchea Beginning of the Cambodian genocide Belligerents Kingdom of Cambodia (1967 -- 1970) Khmer Republic (1970 -- 1975) United States South Vietnam Other Support Australia Canada France India Thailand Japan Malaysia Singapore Royal United National Government of Kampuchea ∟ National United Front of Kampuchea ∟ Khmer Rouge ∟ Khmer Rumdo North Vietnam Việt Cộng Other Support China Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Commanders and leaders Lon Nol Sisowath Sirik Matak Long Boret Richard Nixon Pol Pot Khieu Samphan Ieng Sary Nuon Chea Son Sen Norodom Sihanouk Strength 30,000 (1968) 35,000 (1970) 100,000 (1972) 200,000 (1973) 50,000 (1974) 4,000 (1970) 70,000 (1972) 40,000 -- 60,000 (1975) Casualties and losses 275,000 -- 310,000 killed	[ "Cambodian Civil War", "Al-Serkal Mosque" ]
On what network can you find the show ESPN College Football, that includes the name of the original broadcaster of The Rifleman?	American Broadcasting Company	[]	Title: Lucas McCain Passage: Lucas McCain is a fictional character in the Western television series, "The Rifleman", which ran on ABC from 1958 to 1963. A rancher and widowed father with a penchant for using his Winchester firearm as a last resort, the part was portrayed by former athlete-turned-actor Chuck Connors. Title: Pittsburgh Game Night Passage: Pittsburgh Game Night is a nightly sports talk show on ESPN Radio 1250 in Pittsburgh, United States. The show features regular personalities Chris Mack, Jim Colony, Joe DeStio, and Ken Laird. Broadcast runs from 7-9 PM Monday to Friday. Title: Monday Night Countdown Passage: ESPN Monday Night Countdown, which debuted in 1993 on ESPN, is a television program featuring analysis and news on that night's NFL game to be broadcast on ESPN. The show was originally titled "NFL Prime Monday" from 1993-97 before it was renamed "Monday Night Countdown" in 1998. The official name of the show is "Monday Night Countdown served by Applebee's." The show's previous sponsor was UPS. Title: City Slam Passage: City Slam (also known as ESPN City Slam) is an ESPN television series that premiered in 2005. The show is a basketball competition featuring streetball players competing in a slam dunk and three-point shooting contest. Title: ESPN College Football on ABC Passage: ESPN College Football on ABC (branded for sponsorship purposes as ESPN College Football on ABC presented by Walmart or Kay Jewelers) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football games that are produced by ESPN, and televised on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. ABC first began broadcasting regular season college football games in 1950 and has aired them on an annual basis since 1966. The network features games from The American, Atlantic Coast, Big Ten, Big 12, and Pac-12 conferences. In addition, ESPN also produces a separate prime time regular-season game package for ABC, under the umbrella brand "Saturday Night Football". (ESPN and ABC are both owned by The Walt Disney Company).	[ "ESPN College Football on ABC", "Lucas McCain" ]
What is the country Eikesdalsvatnet is located in named after?	north	[ "North", "N" ]	Title: Drinkin' Problem Passage: ``Drinkin 'Problem ''is the debut single of the American country music band Midland. It was released on July 27 2017, as the first single from their debut album On the Rocks. The band members wrote the song with Josh Osborne and Shane McAnally, the latter of whom also produced it. Title: Eikesdalsvatnet Passage: Eikesdalsvatnet is a lake in Nesset Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The lake is long and narrow, roughly in length, and it is the largest lake in Møre og Romsdal county. The village of Eikesdalen is located at the southern end of the lake. Average depth is 89 meters (which is 67 meters below sea level) such that most of the lake's volume is below sea level. Title: Norway Passage: Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, also is a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. Title: ISO 3166-1 Passage: ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes". It defines three sets of country codes: Title: John Francis Sheehan Passage: John Francis Sheehan (1910–1942) was a United States Navy sailor killed in action during World War II for whom a destroyer escort was named during the war.	[ "Norway", "Eikesdalsvatnet" ]
What is the 88000, made by the company that Netopia is part of, an instance of?	ISA	[ "instruction set architecture", "Isa" ]	Title: Carl Hession Passage: For several years he was part of the highly-successful Rhythm of the Dance team with the National Dance Company of Ireland. Title: Treaty Passage: Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed] Title: Netopia Passage: Netopia was a company headquartered in Emeryville, California that produced a variety of broadband products including modems, routers, gateways, and Wi-Fi devices. The company also produced the NBBS (Netopia Broadband Server Software), as well as the Timbuktu remote administration software. The company was founded in 1986 as Farallon Computing and changed its name to Netopia in 1998. Farallon Computing originated PhoneNet, which was an implementation of LocalTalk over plain telephone wiring. Netopia was acquired by Motorola in the first quarter of 2007. Title: Tanzania Passage: The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades. Title: Motorola 88000 Passage: The 88000 (m88k for short) is a RISC instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Motorola during the 1980s. The 88000 arrived on the market in 1988, some two years after the competing SPARC and MIPS. Due to the late start and extensive delays releasing the second-generation MC88110, the m88k achieved very limited success outside of the MVME platform and embedded controller environments. When Motorola joined the AIM alliance in 1991 to develop the PowerPC, further development of the 88000 ended.	[ "Netopia", "Motorola 88000" ]
How long is the border with the country where AGT is from?	6,846 kilometres	[]	Title: Football for Friendship Passage: Football for Friendship (Russian: ФУТБОЛ ДЛЯ ДРУЖБЫ) is an annual International Children’s Social Programme implemented by Gazprom Company. The aim of the programme is to cultivate respect for different cultures and nationalities in children from different countries through football, to promote essential values and interest in a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation. Within the framework of the programme , football players at the age of 12 from different countries take part in the annual International Football for Friendship Childrens Forum, Football for Friendship World Championship, International Day of Football and Friendship The programme is supported by FIFA, UEFA, UN, Olympic and Paralympic Committees, governments and football federations of different countries, international charities, public organizations, leading football clubs of the planet. The global operator of the programme is AGT Communications Group (Russia). Title: Canada–United States border Passage: The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border. Title: Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria Passage: The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The dismantling of the electric fence along Hungary's 240 kilometres (149 mi) long border with Austria was the first fissure in the ``Iron Curtain ''that had divided Europe for more than 40 years, since the end of World War II, and caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Berlin Wall. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Kazakhstan Passage: It shares borders of 6,846 kilometres (4,254 mi) with Russia, 2,203 kilometres (1,369 mi) with Uzbekistan, 1,533 kilometres (953 mi) with China, 1,051 kilometres (653 mi) with Kyrgyzstan, and 379 kilometres (235 mi) with Turkmenistan. Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.Kazakhstan's terrain extends west to east from the Caspian Sea to the Altay Mountains and north to south from the plains of Western Siberia to the oases and deserts of Central Asia. The Kazakh Steppe (plain), with an area of around 804,500 square kilometres (310,600 sq mi), occupies one-third of the country and is the world's largest dry steppe region. The steppe is characterised by large areas of grasslands and sandy regions. Major seas, lakes and rivers include the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash and Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge and the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers.	[ "Football for Friendship", "Kazakhstan" ]
When did the country where Merihaka is located join the Russian Empire?	1809	[]	Title: Kazan Governorate Passage: The Kazan Governorate (; ; , "Husan kĕperniĕ"), or the Government of Kazan, was a governorate (a "guberniya") of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708–1920, with its seat in the city of Kazan. Title: Crimean War Passage: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection. Title: Alaska Purchase Passage: The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson. Title: Merihaka Passage: Merihaka () is a coastal residential area in central Helsinki, Finland consisting of large high-rise concrete housing blocks. It is located by the Baltic Sea next to districts of Hakaniemi, Kallio and Sörnäinen. It is known for its tall, grey buildings. The residents of Merihaka tend to value highly the scenery, central location, tranquil atmosphere and lack of cars. The housing complex was built, partly on reclaimed land, during the 1970s and 1980s, and today it is home to some 2,300 people. Title: Russian language Passage: As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.	[ "Merihaka", "Russian language" ]
Who was the first leader of the nationalist party in the country where Pugs originated?	Sun Yat - sen	[ "Sun Yat-sen" ]	Title: Indian National Congress Passage: The Indian National Congress (pronunciation (help info)) (INC, often called Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. Title: Pug Passage: Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family. Title: Independent Turkey Party Passage: The Independent Turkey Party (, BTP) is a nationalist and Kemalist political party founded on 25 September 2001 by Haydar Baş. Title: Sun Yat-sen Passage: Sun Yat - sen (/ ˈsʊn ˈjɑːtˈsɛn /; 12 November 1866 -- 12 March 1925) was the founding father of the Republic of China. The first provisional president of the Republic of China, Sun was a Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, Georgist, calligrapher and revolutionary. As the foremost pioneer and first leader of a Republican China, Sun is referred to as the ``Father of the Nation ''in the Republic of China (ROC) and the`` forerunner of democratic revolution'' in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty of China) during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China), serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th - century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Title: Federation of Independents Passage: The Federation of Independents (, VdU) was a German nationalist and national-liberal political party in Austria active from 1949 to 1955. It was the predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ).	[ "Sun Yat-sen", "Pug" ]
What years did the author of I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud live from?	1770-1850	[]	Title: Alatsee Passage: Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds "Hitler's gold". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the "blood cloud " that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year. Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Michael Gross. Alfred is Ted's father, married to Virginia for 30 years before they get divorced. He shares similar views on romance to Ted, being described as a ``head - in - the - clouds romantic ''by Virginia. Title: Materialism Passage: The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850). Title: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Passage: "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" (also commonly known as "Daffodils") is a lyric poem by William Wordsworth. It is Wordsworth's most famous work. Title: Altheides Passage: Altheides (1193–1262) was a Cypriot philosopher, primarily known from sayings attributed to him in the works of others. Little is known about the wandering philosopher known as Altheides of Cyprus, and little of his work remains available to modern scholars. His parents were Greek merchants living on the island under the rule of Guy of Lusignan. He was born a year before Guy's death, in 1193. At some point in his late teens he left Cyprus as a seaman on a Moorish trading vessel.	[ "Materialism", "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" ]
What forest is near Louis Grodecki's birthplace?	Kabaty	[]	Title: Warsaw Passage: The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species. The species richness is mainly due to the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions comprising substantial proportions of close-to-wilderness areas (natural forests, wetlands along the Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest, located within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest. It is home to rich fauna and flora. Within the forest there are three cycling and walking trails. Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border. Warsaw has also two botanic gardens: by the Łazienki park (a didactic-research unit of the University of Warsaw) as well as by the Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin (a unit of the Polish Academy of Science). Title: Louis Grodecki Passage: Louis Grodecki (18 July 1910, Warsaw – 28 March 1982, Paris) was a French art historian. A disciple of Henri Focillon since 1929, shortly after his arrival in France, and naturalized French in 1935, he met art historian Erwin Panofsky in 1949 at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Grodecki is famous for his work on romanesque stained glass, of Paris, Picardy and the Nord-Pas de Calais region. His most notable works are about the stained glasses of Chartres Cathedral, in particular a complete catalogue which he never finished. Title: Lake of the Woods Ranger Station Passage: The Lake of the Woods Ranger Station is a United States Forest Service compound consisting of eight buildings overlooking Lake of the Woods in the Fremont-Winema National Forests of southern Oregon. All of the ranger station structures were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1937 and 1939. Today, the compound serves as a Forest Service work center, and the old ranger station office is a visitor center. The ranger station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Title: Rajasthan Passage: The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the University began to move west. The University Board of Directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot of Boston. A committee of Robert S. Brookings, Henry Ware Eliot, and William Huse found a site of 103 acres (41.7 ha) just beyond Forest Park, located west of the city limits in St. Louis County. The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of "Hilltop" campus, renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H. Danforth.	[ "Warsaw", "Louis Grodecki" ]
When did the torch arrive in the country of origin of Women?	May 2	[]	Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order. Title: Women (1985 film) Passage: Women is a 1985 Hong Kong drama film directed by Stanley Kwan in his directorial debut. Like Kwan's following films, "Women" focuses on female characters and their efforts to overcome cultural restrictions. The cast includes Cora Miao, Chow Yun-fat, Cherie Chung and Elaine Jin. It was nominated for nine Hong Kong Film Awards including Best Picture. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet." On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Title: Statue of Liberty Passage: The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.	[ "Women (1985 film)", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" ]
When was The Entombment creator born?	6 March 1475	[]	Title: The Entombment (Michelangelo) Passage: According to documents discovered in 1981, Michelangelo had been commissioned to paint a panel for the church of Sant'Agostino in Rome, but in the end gave back the sum received. It is probable that this work was the "Entombment", which remained unfinished upon Michelangelo's return to Florence. Title: Michelangelo Passage: Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near Arezzo, Tuscany. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence; but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's Judicial administrator and podestà or local administrator of Chiusi della Verna. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa—a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed.Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There he gained his love for marble. As Giorgio Vasari quotes him: Title: Isaac Rapp Passage: Isaac Hamilton Rapp, (1854 – March 27, 1933) was a notable American architect who has been called the "Creator of the Santa Fe style." He was born in Orange, New Jersey. Title: Marie Curie Passage: Marie Skłodowska Curie (/ ˈkjʊri, kjʊˈriː /; French: (kyʁi); Polish: (kjiˈri); 7 November 1867 -- 4 July 1934; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska; (ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska)) was a Polish and naturalized - French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris. Title: Tatiana Badanina Passage: Tatiana Badanina (born 1955, Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region, Russia) is a Russian artist, painter, graphic artist, sculptor, photographer, and creator of object and installation art.	[ "The Entombment (Michelangelo)", "Michelangelo" ]
When did England colonize the country where Arawak Cay is located?	1666	[]	Title: European colonization of the Americas Passage: European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America. Title: British Empire Passage: The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed. An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years, and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits. Colonies in St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) also rapidly folded, but settlements were successfully established in St. Kitts (1624), Barbados (1627) and Nevis (1628). The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil, which depended on slave labour, and—at first—Dutch ships, to sell the slaves and buy the sugar. To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands, Parliament decreed in 1651 that only English ships would be able to ply their trade in English colonies. This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces—a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars—which would eventually strengthen England's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch. In 1655, England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish, and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas. Title: Yorke Island (Queensland) Passage: Yorke Island, or Masig in the Kalau Lagau Ya language, is a coral cay island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, situated in the eastern area of the central island group in the Torres Strait, at the top end of the Great Barrier Reef and northeast of the tip of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. Title: Marquis Xuan of Cai Passage: Marquis Xuan of Cai (蔡宣侯) (? - 715 BC), born Ji Cuòfu (姬措父), was the eleventh ruler of the State of Cai from 750 BC to 715 BC. He was the only known son of Marquis Dai of Cai (蔡戴侯), his predecessor. His reign for 35 years. He was succeeded by his son. Title: Arawak Cay Passage: Arawak Cay, also referred to as "Fish Fry", is an area in the Bahamas. It is known for its "local" eateries on West Bay Street, about 15 minutes from downtown Nassau and 25 minutes from Atlantis Paradise Island resort.	[ "British Empire", "Arawak Cay" ]
What is the main subject of biographies of the composer of Piano Concerto No. 7?	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	[ "Mozart" ]	Title: The Witch (ballet) Passage: The Witch is a ballet made by John Cranko to Maurice Ravel's Piano Concerto No. 2 in G Major (1931). The premiere took place Friday, 18 August 1950 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London. Title: Piano Concerto No. 7 (Mozart) Passage: Girdlestone, in his "Mozart and his Piano Concertos", describes the concerto and compares one of the themes of its slow movement to similar themes that turn up in later concertos – especially No. 25, K. 503 – in more developed forms. Title: Biographies of Mozart Passage: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died after a short illness on 5 December 1791, aged 35. His reputation as a composer, already strong during his lifetime, rose rapidly in the years after his death, and he became (as he has remained to this day) one of the most celebrated of all composers. Title: International Who's Who in Music Passage: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.	[ "Piano Concerto No. 7 (Mozart)", "Biographies of Mozart" ]
In which country did the performer of Burning hold citizenship?	Norway	[ "NO", "NOR", "no" ]	Title: Maria Arredondo (album) Passage: Maria Arredondo is the first album by Norwegian singer Maria Arredondo, released in Norway on March 17, 2003, with a second edition released on June 30, 2003. The album was the most successful album by Arredondo either in critics or sales. It has 12 songs with the second edition and 5 singles were released. One of the singles, "In Love With An Angel", a duet with Christian Ingebrigtsen, was nominated for the 2003 Norwegian Grammy Awards as 'Song Of The Year'. Title: Burn Notice (season 6) Passage: Burn Notice (season 6) Region 1 DVD cover artwork Country of origin United States No. of episodes 18 Release Original network USA Network Original release June 14 (2012 - 06 - 14) -- December 20, 2012 (2012 - 12 - 20) Season chronology ← Previous Season 5 Next → Season 7 List of Burn Notice episodes Title: Burning (Maria Arredondo song) Passage: "Burning" is the second single released from Maria Arredondo's album "Not Going Under". It was released in September 2004 and was the second Arredondo single to become a video. Title: Citizenship Clause Passage: The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution. Title: Does My Ring Burn Your Finger Passage: "Does My Ring Burn Your Finger" is a song written by Julie Miller and Buddy Miller, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Ann Womack. It was released in October 2001 as the fourth and final single from her CD "I Hope You Dance". The song peaked at number 23 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks.	[ "Burning (Maria Arredondo song)", "Maria Arredondo (album)" ]
What is the pyramid building in the city that the Sea Nymph sailed out of?	Transamerica Pyramid	[ "600 Montgomery Street" ]	Title: Endeïs Passage: Endeïs was either the daughter of Chiron and the nymph Chariclo; the daughter of Pandion of Athens; or the daughter of the Megarian warlord Sciron. Title: Transamerica Pyramid Passage: The Transamerica Pyramid at 600 Montgomery Street between Clay and Washington Streets in the Financial District of San Francisco, California, United States, is a 48 - story postmodern building and the second - tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline. Its height will be surpassed by Salesforce Tower, currently under construction. The building no longer houses the headquarters of the Transamerica Corporation, which moved its U.S. headquarters to Baltimore, Maryland, but it is still associated with the company and is depicted in the company's logo. Designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 853 feet (260 m), on completion in 1972 it was the eighth - tallest building in the world. Title: Louvre Pyramid Passage: The Louvre Pyramid (Pyramide du Louvre) is a large glass and metal pyramid designed by Chinese - American architect I.M. Pei, surrounded by three smaller pyramids, in the main courtyard (Cour Napoléon) of the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) in Paris. The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum. Completed in 1989, it has become a landmark of the city of Paris. Title: Dynamene Passage: In Greek mythology, Dynamene () was a Nereid or sea-nymph, one of the 50 daughters of Nereus and Doris. Her name, a participle, means "she who can, the capable one." She, along with her sister Pherusa, was associated with the might and power of great ocean swells. She is mentioned in Hesiod's Theogony. Title: Marshall Islands Passage: A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3	[ "Marshall Islands", "Transamerica Pyramid" ]
What episode of Dr. Who featured the artist who created Poppy Flowers?	``Vincent and the Doctor ''	[ "Vincent and the Doctor" ]	Title: Eleventh Doctor Passage: The Doctor The Eleventh Doctor Doctor Who character Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor First regular appearance The End of Time Last regular appearance ``The Time of the Doctor ''Portrayed by Matt Smith Information Tenure 1 January 2010 -- 25 December 2013 No of series 3 + Specials (2013) Appearances 39 stories (44 episodes) Companions Amy Pond Rory Williams River Song Craig Owens Clara Oswald Chronology Series Series 5 (2010) Series 6 (2011) Series 7 (2012 -- 13) Specials (2013) Preceded by David Tennant (Tenth Doctor) Succeeded by Peter Capaldi (Twelfth Doctor) Title: Poppy Flowers Passage: Poppy Flowers (also known as Vase And Flowers and Vase with Viscaria) is a painting by Vincent van Gogh with an estimated value of $50 million to $55 million; it was stolen from Cairo's Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil Museum in August 2010 and is yet to be found. Title: Mummy on the Orient Express Passage: "Mummy on the Orient Express" is the eighth episode of the eighth series of the British science fiction television programme "Doctor Who". It was first broadcast on BBC One on 11 October 2014. The episode was written by Jamie Mathieson, and directed by Paul Wilmshurst. Title: Vincent and the Doctor Passage: ``Vincent and the Doctor ''is the tenth episode in the fifth series of British science fiction television series Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One on 5 June 2010. It was written by Richard Curtis and directed by Jonny Campbell and featured an uncredited guest appearance from actor Bill Nighy. Title: Montana Passage: Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Many species of mushrooms and lichens are also found in the state.	[ "Vincent and the Doctor", "Poppy Flowers" ]
What is the current official currency of the territory that contains the city where Bernardo de Balbuena died?	United States dollar	[ "$" ]	Title: Bernardo de Balbuena Passage: Bernardo de Balbuena (c. Valdepeñas (Spain) 1561 – San Juan, Puerto Rico, October 1627) was a Spanish poet. He was the first of a long series of Latin American poets who extolled the special beauties of the New World. Title: Hotel Galvez Passage: The Hotel Galvez is a historic hotel located in Galveston, Texas, United States that opened in 1911. The building was named the Galvez, honoring Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston, for whom the city was named. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1979. Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: After the ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Puerto Rico came under the military control of the United States of America. This brought about significant changes: the name of the island was changed to Porto Rico (it was changed back to Puerto Rico in 1932) and the currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the United States dollar. Freedom of assembly, speech, press, and religion were decreed and an eight-hour day for government employees was established. A public school system was begun and the U.S. Postal service was extended to the island. The highway system was enlarged, and bridges over the more important rivers were constructed. The government lottery was abolished, cockfighting was forbidden, and a centralized public health service established. Health conditions were poor at the time, with high rates of infant mortality and numerous endemic diseases. Title: 69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die Passage: 69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends. Title: Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai Passage: Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai (20 October 1475 – 3 April 1525) was an Italian humanist, poet, dramatist and man of letters in Renaissance Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. A member of a wealthy family of wool merchants and one of the richest men in Florence, he was cousin to Pope Leo X and linked by marriage to the powerful Strozzi and de' Medici families. He was born in Florence, and died in Rome. He was the son of Bernardo Rucellai (1448–1514) and grandson of Giovanni di Paolo Rucellai (1403–1481). He is now remembered mostly for his poem "Le Api" ("The Bees").	[ "History of Puerto Rico", "Bernardo de Balbuena" ]
Who founded the university that David Allyn attended?	James Manning	[]	Title: James Manning (minister) Passage: James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders. Title: David Allyn Passage: He is the author of four books, including "Make Love, Not War" and "I Can't Believe I Just Did That", and has served as a faculty member at Princeton University and a visiting scholar at Columbia University at the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy. He is currently a Visiting Scholar at The New School. His essays have appeared in "The New York Times Magazine" and other publications. While an undergraduate at Brown University, Allyn co-authored a book on transferring from one college to another. He and his co-author (later wife) were profiled in "The Washington Post" and featured on CNN. He has also published articles in "Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", "The Journal of American Studies", "Teachers College Record", "The Advocate", "The Washington Post", "The New York Daily News", "The Boston Globe" and "The San Francisco Chronicle". As an expert on the 1960s, Allyn has appeared on Vh1, The History Channel., and CNN. Title: David Borrow Passage: Born in Huddersfield, David Borrow was educated at Mirfield Grammar school and the Lanchester Polytechnic (now Coventry University) where he was awarded a degree in economics. Title: Allyn King Passage: Allyn S. King (February 1, 1899 – March 31, 1930) was an American stage and film actress and singer who began her career in vaudeville, and later as a Ziegfeld Follies performer. Title: Education Finance and Policy Passage: Education Finance and Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal addressing public policy developments affecting educational institutions. Topics covered by the journal include school accountability, education standards, teacher compensation, instructional policy, higher education productivity and finance, and special education. "Education Finance and Policy" was founded in 2005 and is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press and the American Education Finance Association. It is also indexed with EconLit.	[ "James Manning (minister)", "David Allyn" ]
What river is near Nguyen Van Nghi's birthplace?	Red River	[]	Title: Nguyen Van Nghi Passage: Nguyễn Văn Nghị (11 January 1909 in Hanoi – 17 December 1999 in Marseille) was a Vietnamese-French physician who was prominent among those credited with bringing Chinese medicine to the West Title: Leaders of the Vietnam War Passage: Ho Chi Minh whose real name is Nguyen Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyen Tat Thanh and Nguyen Ai Quoc was a Vietnamese revolutionary leader following the path of communism. Title: Forshee-Van Orden House Passage: Forshee-Van Orden House is located in Montvale, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1765 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1984. Title: Lake District Passage: It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere. Title: Nhật Tân Bridge Passage: The Nhật Tân Bridge (or "Vietnam–Japan Friendship Bridge") is a cable-stayed bridge crossing the Red River in Hanoi, inaugurated on January 4, 2015. It forms part of a new six-lane highway linking Hanoi and Noi Bai International Airport. The project is funded by a Japan International Cooperation Agency ODA loan.	[ "Nguyen Van Nghi", "Nhật Tân Bridge" ]
Which lady gave birth to the performer of If I Can't Dance?	Janet Ellis	[]	Title: Sophie Ellis-Bextor Passage: Ellis-Bextor was born in London to Janet Ellis, who was later a presenter on BBC's children's television programmes "Blue Peter" and "Jigsaw", and Robin Bextor, a film producer and director: they separated when she was four. As a child, Ellis-Bextor occasionally appeared on "Blue Peter" alongside her mother, who presented the programme. Title: If I Can't Dance Passage: "If I Can't Dance" is a song by British recording artist Sophie Ellis-Bextor for her third studio album, "Trip the Light Fantastic" (2007). It was written by Ellis-Bextor and Dimitri Tikovoi, while production was handled by Tikovi, with additional production by Brio Taliaferro and Jeremy Wheatley. It is a dance-pop, electropop and disco song and a reference to the famous misquotation of Emma Goldman, "If I can't dance, I don't want to be part of your revolution", which nevertheless summarizes what she did say. Title: List of Super Bowl halftime shows Passage: LI Main article: Super Bowl LI halftime show Date: Feb 5, 2017 Location: NRG Stadium (Houston, Texas) Performer: Lady Gaga Producer: Ricky Kirshner Director: Hamish Hamilton Sponsor: Pepsi Zero Sugar References: Setlist: ``God Bless America ''/`` This Land Is Your Land'' ``Poker Face ''`` Born This Way'' ``Telephone ''`` Just Dance'' ``Million Reasons ''`` Bad Romance'' Title: Folk arts of Karnataka Passage: The ritual dances of Karnataka are known as Kunitha. One such dance is the Dollu Kunitha, a popular dance form accompanied by singing and the beats of decorated drums. This dance is primarily performed by men from the shepherd or Kuruba caste. The Dollu Kunitha is characterized by vigorous drum beats, quick movements and synchronized group formations. Title: Can't Stop (After 7 song) Passage: "Can't Stop" is a song performed by After 7, issued as the fourth single from the group's eponymous debut album. It is the group's highest charting single, peaking at #6 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1990. The song also became the group's second #1 R&B single, as well as peaking at #25 on the dance charts.	[ "Sophie Ellis-Bextor", "If I Can't Dance" ]
Who is a sibling of the screenwriter of Tales of the Typewriter?	Zoltan Korda	[]	Title: Tales of the Typewriter Passage: Tales of the Typewriter (Hungarian: Mesék az írógépröl) is a 1916 Hungarian silent drama film directed by Alexander Korda and starring Lili Berky, Jenő Janovics and György Kürthy. It was based on a 1905 novel by István Szomaházy. Title: Adolescence Passage: During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling. Title: Men of Tomorrow Passage: Men of Tomorrow is a 1932 British drama film, directed by Zoltan Korda and Leontine Sagan, produced by Alexander Korda and written by Anthony Gibbs and Arthur Wimperis. It stars Maurice Braddell, Joan Gardner and Emlyn Williams and features Robert Donat's movie debut. Title: Clarence Seamans Passage: Clarence Walker Seamans (June 5, 1854 – May 30, 1915) was an American typewriter manufacturer and executive of several organizations involved in the production and sale of the Remington typewriter, including the Union Typewriter Company and the Remington Typewriter Company. Title: Serpent Men Passage: Serpent Men are a fictional race created by Robert E. Howard for his King Kull tales. They first appeared in "The Shadow Kingdom," published in "Weird Tales" in August 1929.	[ "Men of Tomorrow", "Tales of the Typewriter" ]
What is the highest court in the organization to which the Swiss people have continually rejected membership in since the 1990's?	The European Court of Justice	[ "European Court of Justice", "Court of Justice" ]	Title: Itai-itai disease Passage: Twenty-nine plaintiffs, consisting of 9 people with itai-itai disease and 20 of their family members, sued the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. in 1968 in the Toyama Prefectural court. In June 1971, the court found the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. guilty. Subsequently, the company appealed to the Nagoya District Court in Kanazawa, but the appeal was rejected in August 1972. The Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. agreed to pay for the medical care of the people who had been affected, finance the monitoring of the water quality performed by the residents, and pay reparations to the people with the disease.People who believe that they have itai-itai disease have to contact the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare to have their claims assessed. Many people with itai-itai disease were not satisfied with government actions and demanded a change in the official procedures. This caused the government to review the criteria for recognizing a patient legally; the government also reassessed the treatment of the disease. Title: Israel Passage: Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality. Title: European Union law Passage: European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office. If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. Courts exercising the judicial power are called "constitutional courts." Title: Switzerland Passage: Traditionally, Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action and has been neutral since the end of its expansion in 1515. Its policy of neutrality was internationally recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Only in 2002 did Switzerland become a full member of the United Nations and it was the first state to join it by referendum. Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as an intermediary between other states. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s. However, Switzerland does participate in the Schengen Area.	[ "European Union law", "Switzerland" ]
On what date did Banjo-Tooie's publisher unveil the new systems?	October 18, 1985	[]	Title: Billy Redden Passage: Billy Redden (born 1956) is an American actor, best known for his role as a backwoods, mountain boy in the 1972 film Deliverance. He played Lonnie, a banjo - playing teenager in north Georgia, who played the noted ``Dueling Banjos ''with Drew Ballinger (Ronny Cox). The film was critically acclaimed and received nominations for awards in several categories. Title: Maurice Bolyer Passage: Maurice Bolyer (December 1, 1920 – August 18, 1978), born Maurice Beaulieu, was a composer and musician known as "Canada's King of the Banjo". Although proficient in a variety of string instruments and piano, he is best known for his work on the banjo. Title: Banjo-Tooie Passage: Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the "Banjo-Kazooie" series and the sequel to "Banjo-Kazooie". The game follows series protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda and her two sisters, who intend to vapourise the inhabitants of the game's world. The game features worlds that are significantly larger than those of its predecessor, requiring the player to complete challenges such as solving puzzles, jumping over obstacles, collecting items, and defeating bosses. It also includes a multiplayer mode where up to four players can compete in several minigames. Title: Nintendo Entertainment System Passage: At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title "Robot Gyro" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title "Robot Block". Title: New York City Passage: The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH train) links Midtown and Lower Manhattan to northeastern New Jersey, primarily Hoboken, Jersey City, and Newark. Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day; meaning three of the six rapid transit systems in the world which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York (the others are a portion of the Chicago 'L', the PATCO Speedline serving Philadelphia, and the Copenhagen Metro).	[ "Nintendo Entertainment System", "Banjo-Tooie" ]
What county borders the county where Parc is located?	Franklin County	[]	Title: Parc, New York Passage: Parc is a location and census-designated place in Clinton County, New York, United States. The name "Parc" is derived from the official name for the industrial site, which is PARC, an acronym for the Plattsburgh Airbase Redevelopment Corporation. PARC was established for the purpose of redeveloping the Plattsburgh Air Force Base after it closed on September 25, 1995. PARC is now operated by the Plattsburgh Air Base Development Authority, and the massive airfield is now Plattsburgh International Airport. The population of the Parc CDP was 254 at the 2010 census. Parc is located in the town of Plattsburgh and is bordered to the north by the city of Plattsburgh. Title: Paris Passage: Between 1853 and 1870, the Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squares and gardens in the Paris' quarters. Since 1977, the city has created 166 new parks, most notably the Parc de la Villette (1987), Parc André Citroën (1992), and Parc de Bercy (1997). One of the newest parks, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013), built on a former highway on the Left Bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay, has floating gardens and gives a view of the city's landmarks. Title: N. Monroe Marshall Passage: Nathaniel Monroe Marshall (June 13, 1854 Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York – February 16, 1935 Malone, Franklin County, New York) was an American banker and politician. Title: Currie Cup Passage: Team Number of wins Notes Most recent Western Province 34 Four shared 2017 Northern Transvaal / Blue Bulls 23 Four shared 2009 Transvaal / Gauteng Lions / Golden Lions 11 One shared 2015 Natal / Sharks 7 2013 Orange Free State / Free State Cheetahs 5 One shared 2016 Griqualand West / Griquas 1970 Border / Border Bulldogs Two shared 1934 Title: Strasbourg Passage: Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Joséphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban; the Parc de Pourtalès, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel, and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture. The Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the Observatory of Strasbourg, built in 1881, and still owns some greenhouses of those times. The Parc des Contades, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. The futuristic Parc des Poteries is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. The Jardin des deux Rives, spread over Strasbourg and Kehl on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. The most recent park is Parc du Heyritz (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the hôpital civil.	[ "Parc, New York", "N. Monroe Marshall" ]
What time period did the Muslim conquest of the place the moors who invaded Spain come from take place?	mid-7th to early 8th centuries	[ "8th century" ]	Title: This Is Us Passage: Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016 -- 2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c. 1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8 -- 10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City. Title: Sahara Passage: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year. Title: Moors Passage: In 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from North Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The Iberian peninsula then came to be known in classical Arabic as Al - Andalus, which at its peak included most of Septimania and modern - day Spain and Portugal. Title: Portugal Passage: The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from the Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa and were essentially nomads. In Portugal, the Muslim population (or "Moors"), relatively small in numbers, stayed in the Algarve region, and south of the Tagus. Today, there are approximately 800 words in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin. The Muslims were expelled from Portugal 300 years earlier than in neighbouring Spain, which is reflected both in Portuguese culture and the language, which is mostly Celtiberian and Vulgar Latin. Title: U12 (Berlin U-Bahn) Passage: The U12 is a former Berlin U-Bahn line. It existed between 1993 and June 2003, as a peak-time and night line between Ruhleben (today U2) and Warschauer Straße (today U1) stations. It resumed its old route for a short period of time between May and November 2015, due to repair work taking place in the Gleisdreieck station.	[ "Moors", "Sahara" ]
When was the country from which The Chinese Feast originated taken by the British?	1842	[]	Title: Comics Passage: Many cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written. Title: The Chinese Feast Passage: The Chinese Feast (Chinese: 金玉滿堂) is a 1995 Hong Kong film co-written, produced and directed by Tsui Hark, and starring Leslie Cheung, Anita Yuen, Kenny Bee, and Law Kar-ying. Title: Population and housing censuses by country Passage: The first census in Kenya was conducted in 1948, when Kenya was still a colony administered by the British. Since 1969 census has been taken every ten years. The last census to date was in 2009. Kenya is the first African country to produce a completely processed census within one year after census Title: British Hong Kong Passage: British Hong Kong was the period during which Hong Kong was under British Crown rule from 1842 to 1997 (excluding the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945). It was established as a Crown colony and later designated a British Dependent Territory in 1981. Hong Kong Island was ceded to the United Kingdom by the Qing dynasty of China after the First Opium War (1839 -- 1842). The Kowloon Peninsula was added to the colony after the Second Opium War (1856 -- 1860). Finally, in 1898, the New Territories were added under a 99 - year lease. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded to Britain in perpetuity, the New Territories -- which comprised over 90 per cent of Hong Kong's land -- had such a vital role in the economy that the British government agreed to transfer sovereignty of the entirety of Hong Kong to China upon the expiration of the lease in 1997. The transfer has been considered by many as marking the end of the British Empire. Title: Divine Mercy Sunday Passage: Divine Mercy Sunday (also known as the Feast of the Divine Mercy) is celebrated on the Sunday after Easter, the Octave Day of Easter. The feast day is observed by Roman Catholic as well as some Anglicans. It is originally based on the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy that Saint Faustyna Kowalska reported as part of her encounter with Jesus, and is associated with special promises from Jesus and indulgences issued by the Church.	[ "British Hong Kong", "The Chinese Feast" ]
How many members of the United States House of Representatives serve the state housing the Loomis–Parry Residence?	4	[]	Title: Sumve Passage: Sumve, Tanzania is located in the Kwimba District of the Mwanza Region, in Tanzania. Sumve's residents are predominantly from the Wasukuma tribe, the largest in Tanzania, but some of Sumve's institutions employ Wahaya, Wajita, Wakerewe, Wanyamwezi and others from neighboring tribes. Therefore, many of the residents speak Kisukuma along with Swahili, the national language. The population was 16,436 in 2012, making it the 15th most populous ward in the Kwimba district. Title: Texas's 16th congressional district Passage: Texas District 16 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves El Paso and the surrounding area in the state of Texas. The current Representative from District 16 is Beto O'Rourke. Title: Missouri's 8th congressional district Passage: Missouri's 8th Congressional District is one of 435 congressional districts in the United States and one of eight congressional districts in the state of Missouri. The district encompasses rural Southeast Missouri and South Central Missouri as well as some counties in Southwest Missouri. The district stretches from the Bootheel in the south to the St. Louis southern exurbs of Festus, Hillsboro, and surrounding areas in the Lead Belt; it ranges in the east to counties along the Mississippi River and in the west to counties along the Ozark Plateau near Branson. Title: Kansas's congressional districts Passage: Kansas is currently divided into 4 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. The number of districts in Kansas remained unchanged after the 2010 Census. Title: Loomis–Parry Residence Passage: The Loomis–Parry Residence is a mixed-style residential house, constructed in 1917, in Augusta, Kansas. It is a 2-story structure, with an irregular floor plan, that retains nearly all of its original materials, including exterior brick walls and double-hung wooden windows. It has been continuously owned by the same family who originally constructed it. A widow named Henrietta Loomis commissioned the house as a residence for herself and her daughter. Her husband's family, who had been farmers, owned land in Butler County where oil was discovered in the early 1900s. The oil revenue financed the construction. The Loomis–Parry Residence was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.	[ "Kansas's congressional districts", "Loomis–Parry Residence" ]
How many people live in the country that the entertainer Harrysong is from?	182 million	[]	Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: The Native American name controversy is an ongoing dispute over the acceptable ways to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and to broad subsets thereof, such as those living in a specific country or sharing certain cultural attributes. When discussing broader subsets of peoples, naming may be based on shared language, region, or historical relationship. Many English exonyms have been used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Some of these names were based on foreign-language terms used by earlier explorers and colonists, while others resulted from the colonists' attempt to translate endonyms from the native language into their own, and yet others were pejorative terms arising out of prejudice and fear, during periods of conflict. Title: Harrysong Passage: Harrison Tare Okiri, better known by his stage name Harrysong, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and instrumentalist who rose to fame after his tribute song to Nelson Mandela won the "Most Downloaded Callertune Award" at The Headies 2013. Harrysong was born in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria to Ijaw parents but moved to Lagos in 2007 after spending some of his early life in Port Harcourt. Prior to signing to QuestionMark Entertainment, Harrysong used to perform at night clubs until he met Kcee who introduced him to top music personalities. In 2014, Harrysong was nominated in the "Best Pop/R&B Artist of the Year" category at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards after the release of his chart-topping song "Beta Pikin". Title: Cadaqués Passage: Cadaqués () is a town in the Alt Empordà "comarca", in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is on a bay in the middle of the Cap de Creus peninsula, near Cap de Creus cape, on the Costa Brava of the Mediterranean. It is two-and-a-quarter-hour drive from Barcelona, and thus it is accessible not only to tourists but also to people who want a second home for weekends and summers. In 2002, Cadaqués had an official population of 2,612, but up to ten times as many people can live in the town during the peak of the summer tourism season. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples. Title: Remix to Rio Passage: Remix to Rio is a 2010 Canadian documentary depicting young people from Toronto, Canada and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as they create community outreach projects aimed at rescuing their peers from lives of crime.	[ "Nigeria", "Harrysong" ]
Who founded the university that David Ebersman attended?	James Manning	[]	Title: Alexander Holladay Passage: Alexander Holladay attended public schools as a child and received special training under John Lewis at the Llangollen School, Bel Air, in Spotsylvania County, then attended the University of Virginia, where he studied law. Title: David Herlihy Passage: The University of San Francisco history department named their annual award for the best student-written history paper the David Herlihy Prize, and Brown University has established a David Herlihy University Professorship. Title: James Manning (minister) Passage: James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders. Title: David Ebersman Passage: David Ebersman attended the Trinity School in New York City, graduating in 1987. He then went on to attend Brown University and graduated in June 1991 with a AB in International Relations and Economics. Title: Abraham Burickson Passage: Son of Sherwin Burickson, Abraham Burickson attended Cornell University, receiving a BA in architecture. In 2002 he moved to San Francisco where with actor Matthew Purdon he founded the conceptual art and performance group Odyssey Works. In 2008 Burickson received an MFA from The University of Texas Michener Center for Writers. His book, co-authored by Ayden LeRoux and published by Princeton Architectural Press in 2016, Odyssey Works: Transformative Experiences for an Audience of One outlines an approach to art-making as experience design. He was the Risley Artist-in-Residence at Cornell University in 2010, and has taught at Maryland Institute College of Art and Academy of Art University.	[ "James Manning (minister)", "David Ebersman" ]
What was the original price for a replacement battery from Rhapsody's developer?	$99	[]	Title: Rhapsody (operating system) Passage: Rhapsody was the code name given to Apple Computer's next-generation operating system during the period of its development between Apple's purchase of NeXT in late 1996 and the announcement of Mac OS X (now called "macOS") in 1998. At first more than an operating system, Rhapsody represented a new strategy for Apple, who intended the operating system to run on x86-based PCs and DEC Alpha workstations as well as on PowerPC-based Macintosh hardware. In addition, the underlying API frameworks would be ported to run natively on Microsoft Windows NT. Eventually, the non-Apple platforms were dropped, and later versions consisted primarily of the OPENSTEP operating system ported to the Power Macintosh, along with a new GUI to make it appear more Mac-like. Several existing "classic" Mac OS technologies were also ported to Rhapsody, including QuickTime and AppleSearch. Rhapsody could also run Mac OS 8 in a "Blue Box" emulation layer. Title: IPod Passage: iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a market for third-party battery replacement kits. Title: David Price (actor) Passage: David Price is an American film and television actor and musician who lives and works in Poland. He has one son - Alexander Price (17yo) from Legnica, Poland. Originally from Big Sur, California, he is the son of Esalen Institute co-founder Dick Price. Title: 1973 oil crisis Passage: This contributed to the "Oil Shock". After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation. From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year. Until the oil shock, the price had also remained fairly stable versus other currencies and commodities. OPEC ministers had not developed institutional mechanisms to update prices in sync with changing market conditions, so their real incomes lagged. The substantial price increases of 1973–1974 largely returned their prices and corresponding incomes to Bretton Woods levels in terms of commodities such as gold. Title: IPod Passage: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.	[ "IPod", "Rhapsody (operating system)" ]
On what date was the city Wang Xiaolong born in captured?	June 6	[]	Title: Full House Passage: In season two, Danny is reassigned from his duties as anchor by his television station to become co-host of a new local morning TV show, Wake Up, San Francisco, and is teamed up with Nebraska native Rebecca Donaldson. Jesse and Becky eventually fall in love and get married in season four. In season five, Becky gives birth to twin sons, Nicky and Alex. Title: Black River Falls Area Airport Passage: Black River Falls Area Airport is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) south of the central business district of Black River Falls, a city in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. It is owned by the city of Black River Falls and Jackson County. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the "Son of Heaven" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662. Title: Wang Xiaolong Passage: With the chance to return to his hometown and join reigning champions Beijing Guoan, Wang Xiaolong would make the switch from Shandong to Beijing at the beginning of the 2010 league season with teammate Wu Hao in a package deal. Title: Elk Falls, Kansas Passage: Elk Falls is a city in Elk County, Kansas, United States, along the Elk River. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 107.	[ "Qing dynasty", "Wang Xiaolong" ]
Who did the performer of Quebec Magnetic collaborate with?	San Francisco Symphony	[]	Title: Maryse Gaudreault Passage: Maryse Gaudreault (born July 6, 1959 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Quebec provincial politician. She is the Member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Hull. Title: Quebec Magnetic Passage: Quebec Magnetic is a live concert video album by Metallica, documenting two shows the band played at the Colisée Pepsi in Quebec City, Canada, on October 31 and November 1, 2009, on their World Magnetic Tour, released on December 11, 2012. The album is the first to be released via Metallica's own label, Blackened Recordings. Title: Geomagnetic reversal Passage: Three decades later, when Earth's magnetic field was better understood, theories were advanced suggesting that the Earth's field might have reversed in the remote past. Most paleomagnetic research in the late 1950s included an examination of the wandering of the poles and continental drift. Although it was discovered that some rocks would reverse their magnetic field while cooling, it became apparent that most magnetized volcanic rocks preserved traces of the Earth's magnetic field at the time the rocks had cooled. In the absence of reliable methods for obtaining absolute ages for rocks, it was thought that reversals occurred approximately every million years. Title: Scorpions (band) Passage: The following year, the Scorpions had an artistic collaboration with the Berlin Philharmonic that resulted in a 10-song album named Moment of Glory. The album went a long way toward rebuilding the band's reputation after the harsh criticism of Eye II Eye. However, critics accused them of following on the coattails of Metallica's similar collaboration (S&M) with the San Francisco Symphony which had been released the previous year, even though the orchestra had first approached the Scorpions with the idea in 1995. Title: Title in Limbo Passage: Title in Limbo is an album by The Residents in collaboration with Renaldo and the Loaf, released in 1983 on Ralph Records. Guest performers include Snakefinger (guitar and violin), and vocalist Nessie Lessons.	[ "Scorpions (band)", "Quebec Magnetic" ]
How many Grammy Awards does the singer of Whatchulookinat have?	8	[]	Title: Gigi MacKenzie Passage: Now residing in West Toluca Lake, California, MacKenzie worked for 10 years as a studio singer in Los Angeles. She has recorded national commercials and major movie soundtracks, including the hit movie "Mr. Holland's Opus" and the theme song to "Nash Bridges". She has performed with Grammy award-winning artists such as Michael McDonald, Kenny Loggins, Gladys Knight and Tom Scott, and many others. Title: Danzón (Dance On) Passage: Danzón (Dance On) is an album by Arturo Sandoval, released through GRP Records in 1994. In 1995, the award won Sandoval the Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Performance and the Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year. Title: List of awards and nominations received by Whitney Houston Passage: Whitney Houston awards and nominations Houston performing ``Greatest Love of All ''at the Welcome Home Heroes concert (1991) Major Awards Wins Nominations American Music Awards 22 38 Billboard Music Awards 16 21 Emmy Awards Grammy Awards 8 26 Guinness World Records 15 15 NAACP Image Awards 29 34 People's Choice Awards 6 9 Soul Train Music Awards 7 16 World Music Awards 14 20 Totals Awards won 400 + Nominations 670 + Title: Ellington '66 Passage: Ellington '66 is an album by American pianist, composer, and bandleader Duke Ellington that was recorded and released on the Reprise label in 1965. The album won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group. Title: Whatchulookinat Passage: "Whatchulookinat" is a 2002 single released by American R&B/pop singer Whitney Houston. The song serves as the initial single from Houston's fifth studio album, "Just Whitney". "Whatchulookinat" has several remixes from Thunderpuss, Full Intention, Junior Vasquez, Peter Rauhofer, Razor 'N Guido and P. Diddy.	[ "Whatchulookinat", "List of awards and nominations received by Whitney Houston" ]
Where is the community having Roca Centella located?	Iberian Peninsula	[ "Iberia" ]	Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Catalan language Passage: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Roca Centella Passage: Roca Centella is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 1,000 metres above sea level. This mountain is part of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range.	[ "Catalan language", "Roca Centella" ]
When did the player with the largest contract in the NBA get his first ring?	2015	[]	Title: 2011 NBA Finals Passage: The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2010 -- 11 season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 to win their first NBA championship. Dallas became the last NBA team from Texas to win its first title, after the Houston Rockets won back - to - back titles in 1994 and 1995, and the San Antonio Spurs won four NBA championships in 1999, 2003, 2005 and 2007, and a fifth one subsequently in 2014; all three Texas NBA teams have now won at least one NBA championship. It was also the first time in four years that the Los Angeles Lakers did not make the Finals, having been swept in the Western Conference semifinals by the eventual champion Dallas Mavericks. Title: Stephen Curry Passage: Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 29) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 2 × NBA champion (2015, 2017) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 4 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey Team 2014 Spain Team Title: Ryan Taylor (wrestler) Passage: Russell Gene Taylor (born January 26, 1987), better known by the ring name Ryan Taylor, is an American professional wrestler. He is currently working for several independent promotions in the United States, Mexico, and Japan. He occasionally works for the WWE, while never being under contract. Title: Highest-paid NBA players by season Passage: The highest - paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty - million - dollar range. In this twelve - year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003 -- 04 season. Garnett has been the highest - paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997 -- 98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996 - 97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013 -- 14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016 -- 17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40 - Million per year when he signed a record 5 - year contract worth $201 - Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017 - 18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021 - 22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966. Title: Slam Dunk Contest Passage: The very first slam dunk contest was won by Larry Nance Sr. of the Suns at the 1984 NBA All - Star Game. The current champion of the NBA Dunk Contest is Donovan Mitchell of the Utah Jazz.	[ "Highest-paid NBA players by season", "Stephen Curry" ]
Where did hurricane Maria hit the country where Luis Villafañe is from?	just south of Yabucoa	[ "Yabucoa, Puerto Rico", "Yabucoa" ]	Title: 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane Passage: The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable. Title: Luis Villafañe Passage: Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team. Title: List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present) Passage: September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state. Title: Hurricane Irma Passage: Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Cape Verde - type hurricane, the strongest observed in the Atlantic in terms of maximum sustained winds since Wilma and the strongest storm on record to exist in the open Atlantic region. It was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Hurricane Maria two weeks later, and is the second - costliest Caribbean hurricane on record, after Maria. The ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, second major hurricane, and first Category 5 hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Irma caused widespread and catastrophic damage throughout its long lifetime, particularly in parts of the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense Atlantic hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year and the first category 4 hurricane to landfall in the state since Charley in 2004. Title: Hurricane Maria Passage: The hurricane made its closest approach to St. Croix around 05: 00 UTC on September 20, passing within 20 mi (30 km) of the island; the storm's outer eyewall lashed the island while the more violent inner eye remained offshore. Hours later, around 08: 00 UTC, the outer eyewall struck Vieques, an island off the eastern coast of Puerto Rico. By this time, the outer eye became dominant as the inner one decayed, and the eyewall replacement cycle caused Maria to weaken to Category 4 strength. Maria made landfall just south of Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, around 10: 15 UTC with sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km / h), making it the strongest to hit the island since the 1928 San Felipe Segundo hurricane. Maria maintained a general west - northwest course across Puerto Rico, emerging over the Atlantic Ocean shortly before 18: 00 UTC. Interaction with the mountainous terrain resulted in substantial weakening; sustained winds fell to 110 mph (175 km / h) and the central pressure rose to 957 mbars (hPa; 28.26 inHg). With favorable environmental conditions, Maria steadily reorganized as it moved away from Puerto Rico. A large eye, 45 mi (75 km) wide, developed with deep convection blossoming around it. Early on September 21, the system regained Category 3 intensity.	[ "Hurricane Maria", "Luis Villafañe" ]
Who founded the college where Steven Collins works?	John Strachan	[]	Title: Economic inequality Passage: Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years. Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth. Title: Chris Collins (musician) Passage: Chris Collins is an American musician, recording engineer/producer and technologist. Collins' work in the New Jersey/NYC music scene has spanned three decades. Title: Steven Collins Passage: Steven Collins is an Adjunct Associate Professor of Computer Graphics in the Department of Computer Science in Trinity College, Dublin. He is co-manager of the GV2 Research Group. Born in Dundalk, County Louth, his interests in computing began with the Commodore 64 where he single-handedly developed and released the games "Badlands" and "Herobotix". Title: William Van Alen Passage: William Van Alen was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1883. He attended Pratt Institute while working for the architect Clarence True. He also studied for three years at the Atelier Masqueray, the first independent architectural atelier in the United States, founded by Franco-American architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray. Title: Trinity College, Toronto Passage: The University of Trinity College, known simply as Trinity College, is a college federated to the University of Toronto, founded in 1851 by Bishop John Strachan. Trinity was intended by Strachan as a college of strong Anglican alignment, after the University of Toronto severed its ties with the Church of England. In 1904, Trinity joined the university as a member of its collegiate federation.	[ "Trinity College, Toronto", "Steven Collins" ]

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