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What year did the El presente performer's home country gain independence from Spain?	1821	[]	Title: Burgo de Osma Cathedral Passage: The Cathedral of Burgo de Osma is a Roman Catholic church located in El Burgo de Osma, central Spain. It is in the Gothic architectural style, and was constructed on an area previously occupied by a Romanesque church. It is one of the best preserved medieval buildings in the country and considered one of the best examples of thirteenth-century gothic architecture in Spain. The building of the church started in 1232, and was completed in 1784. The cloister is from 1512. The tower is from 1739. Title: Los Momentos Passage: Los Momentos ("The Moments") is the sixth studio album by Mexican recording artist Julieta Venegas, was released 19 March 2013 by Sony Music Mexico. The first single from "Los Momentos" is "Tuve para dar". This album features collaborations with Cecilia Bastida, Natalia Lafourcade, Ana Tijoux and Rubén Albarrán (vocalist from Café Tacvba). Title: El presente Passage: "El presente" (English: ""The Present"") is a song by Julieta Venegas and is the first single from her album MTV Unplugged Julieta Venegas. Released on April 15, 2008. It is categorized as "A Worldwide Hit". The next song was placed in the top of Mexican radio, and Latin America and spent 11 weeks in the first place. The song was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year in 2008. Title: Tucson, Arizona Passage: Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "A" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.	[ "El presente", "Los Momentos", "Tucson, Arizona" ]
Where was the owner of the gold spike in Andre Agassi's birthplace educated?	Harvard	[]	Title: Gold Spike (property) Passage: Gold Spike (formerly Gold Spike Hotel & Casino) is a bar, lounge, residential building, and former boutique 112 - room, seven floor hotel. It is connected with the Oasis at the Gold Spike, a 50 - room three floor hotel located in downtown Las Vegas. It was owned by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh and his Downtown Project, having bought it from The Siegel Group; and the casino was operated by Golden Gaming. Title: Fernando Verdasco Passage: Verdasco started playing tennis at four years of age and had a full-time coach when he was eight. As of 2009, Verdasco has been working in Las Vegas with Andre Agassi and his team, including Darren Cahill (Agassi's former coach) and Gil Reyes (Agassi's fitness coach). Title: LinkExchange Passage: It was founded in March 1996 by 23-year-old Harvard graduates Tony Hsieh (who later went on to invest in and become the CEO of Zappos) and Sanjay Madan. Ali Partovi later joined them as a third partner in August 1996. In November 1996, when the company consisted of about 10 people, it moved from Hsieh's and Madan's living room to an office in San Francisco. In May 1997, the company received US$3 million in funding from Sequoia Capital. Title: Golden spike Passage: The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial 17.6 - karat gold final spike driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the United States connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The term last spike has been used to refer to one driven at the usually ceremonial completion of any new railroad construction projects, particularly those in which construction is undertaken from two disparate origins towards a meeting point. The spike is now displayed in the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University.	[ "LinkExchange", "Gold Spike (property)", "Fernando Verdasco" ]
Who introduced the first microprocessor for the company that bought RapidMind in 2009?	Federico Faggin	[]	Title: Microprocessor Passage: By the late 1960s, designers were striving to integrate the central processing unit (CPU) functions of a computer onto a handful of MOS LSI chips, called microprocessor unit (MPU) chipsets. Building on an earlier Busicom design from 1969, Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor, the 4 - bit Intel 4004, in 1971, followed by its 8 - bit microprocessor 8008 in 1972. In 1969, Lee Boysel, b 8 - bit arithmetic logic units (3800 / 3804) he designed earlier at Fairchild, created the Four - Phase Systems Inc. AL - 1, an 8 - bit CPU slice that was expandable to 32 - bits. In 1970, Steve Geller and Ray Holt of Garrett AiResearch designed the MP944 chipset to implement the F - 14A Central Air Data Computer on six metal-gate chips fabricated by AMI. Title: Thompson shell Passage: The Thompson shell is the first Unix shell, introduced in the first version of Unix in 1971, and was written by Ken Thompson. Title: Intel 4004 Passage: The chip design started in April 1970, when Federico Faggin joined Intel, and it was completed under his leadership in January 1971. The first commercial sale of the fully operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and built as a custom chip. In mid-November of the same year, with the prophetic ad ``Announcing a new era in integrated electronics '', the 4004 was made commercially available to the general market. The 4004 was the first commercially available monolithic CPU, fully integrated in one small chip. Such a feat of integration was made possible by the use of the then - new silicon gate technology for integrated circuits, originally developed by Faggin (with Tom Klein) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, which allowed twice the number of random - logic transistors and an increase in speed by a factor of five compared to the incumbent MOS aluminum gate technology. Faggin also invented the bootstrap load with silicon gate and the`` buried contact'', improving speed and circuit density compared with aluminum gate. Title: PlayStation 3 Passage: PS3's hardware has also been used to build supercomputers for high-performance computing. Fixstars Solutions sells a version of Yellow Dog Linux for PlayStation 3 (originally sold by Terra Soft Solutions). RapidMind produced a stream programming package for PS3, but were acquired by Intel in 2009. Also, on January 3, 2007, Dr. Frank Mueller, Associate Professor of Computer science at NCSU, clustered 8 PS3s. Mueller commented that the 256 MB of system RAM is a limitation for this particular application and is considering attempting to retrofit more RAM. Software includes: Fedora Core 5 Linux ppc64, MPICH2, OpenMP v 2.5, GNU Compiler Collection and CellSDK 1.1. As a more cost-effective alternative to conventional supercomputers, the U.S. military has purchased clusters of PS3 units for research purposes. Retail PS3 Slim units cannot be used for supercomputing, because PS3 Slim lacks the ability to boot into a third-party OS.	[ "Intel 4004", "PlayStation 3" ]
When was the Plaza Hotel built in the city where the performer of If It Wasn't True was born?	July 2, 1971	[]	Title: Waldo Hotel Passage: The Waldo Hotel in Clarksburg, West Virginia, USA, was built from 1901 to 1904 by Congressman and Senator Nathan Goff, Jr. who hired American architect Harrison Albright, best known for his innovative design of the West Baden Springs Hotel in Orange County, Indiana, to design it. The hotel was once the social center of Clarksburg. In its day it was a gathering place for parties, weddings, civic meetings and social events. It was one of the state's most luxurious hotels. Title: If It Wasn't True Passage: "If It Wasn't True" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Shamir Bailey, better known by his stage name Shamir, and included as the opening track on his debut extended play (EP) "Northtown". Musically, "If It Wasn't True" is an R&B, pop, and dance song. Shamir has called the track "a breakup song, but not a typical one," and "Vogue" magazine in 2014 dubbed it "Your New Favorite Breakup Song." Title: Shamir (musician) Passage: Shamir Bailey (born November 7, 1994), known mononymously as Shamir, is an American singer, songwriter and actor from Las Vegas, Nevada. His debut extended play (EP), "Northtown", was released in June 2014 to positive reviews. In October 2014 he signed to XL Recordings and released the single "On the Regular". His debut LP "Ratchet" was released on May 19, 2015 in the United States. Title: Plaza Hotel & Casino Passage: Plaza Hotel and Casino Wikimedia © OpenStreetMap Location Downtown Las Vegas Address 1 Main Street Las Vegas, NV 89101 Opening date July 2, 1971 Theme Classic No. of rooms 1,033 Total gaming space 80,000 sq ft (7,400 m) Permanent shows A Mob Story Signature attractions Players Club Notable restaurants Oscar's Steakhouse Hash House A Go Go Casino type Land - based Owner Tamares Group Operating license holder PlayLV Previous names Union Plaza Renovated in 2004, 2011 Website www.plazahotelcasino.com	[ "Plaza Hotel & Casino", "Shamir (musician)", "If It Wasn't True" ]
Logan in the county sharing border with Barry County in the US state having Center Square is in what country?	U.S.	[ "United States", "US", "U.S", "the United States" ]	Title: City Center Square Passage: City Center Square is a skyscraper in downtown Kansas City, Missouri, built by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, in the Spring of 1977. It occupies the entire block of 11th Street to 12th Street, and from Main Street to Baltimore Street. It's tower is 30 stories tall, constructed with a reinforced concrete structure evident by the look of the exterior. It is the tenth-tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the fifteenth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri at . Title: West Mansfield, Ohio Passage: West Mansfield is a village located in Logan County, Ohio, United States. The population was 682 at the 2010 census. Title: Monett, Missouri Passage: Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018. Title: Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri Passage: Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there.	[ "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri", "City Center Square", "Monett, Missouri" ]
What waterfall is located in the country where Mudzi District is found?	Victoria Falls	[]	Title: Victoria Falls Passage: Victoria Falls (Tokaleya Tonga: Mosi - oa - Tunya, ``The Smoke that Thunders '') is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Title: Mudzi District Passage: Mudzi District is a district of Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe, in southern Africa. It is located in the far eastern part of Zimbabwe, and covers , all of which is communal land. As of the 2012 census, the district had a population of 133,252, this is down from the 135,378 of the 2002 census and reflects emigration due to the poverty of the district. It has a single main road, A2, that runs from the town of Mutoko in Mutoko District in the southwest through the district, past the villages of Chifamba, Mudzi, Chingwena, Masarakufa, Nyamuwanga, the town of Kotwa, and the village of Muzezuru to the town of Nyamapanda before entering Mozambique to the northeast. Title: Khong District, Laos Passage: Khong is a district ("muang") of Champassack Province in southwestern Laos. The district borders Cambodia in the far south and is famous for the Khonephapheng Waterfalls and the Si Phan Don (4000 Islands) area. Title: List of waterfalls in India by height Passage: Barehipani Falls 399 metres (1,309 ft) revised height is 217m Mayurbhanj district, Odisha 2 tiered waterfall located in Similipal National Park	[ "Mudzi District", "Victoria Falls" ]
Who is the original broadcaster of the Today show that bears the name of the channel on which The Hunt with John Walsh first appeared?	CNN International	[]	Title: The Hunt with John Walsh Passage: The Hunt with John Walsh is an American investigation/documentary series that debuted on CNN on July 13, 2014. The series is hosted by John Walsh. The second season premiered on July 12, 2015, and the third season premiered on June 19, 2016. The fourth season premiered on CNN's sister station, HLN, on July 23, 2017. A successor to the show, "In Pursuit with John Walsh" was announced in early 2018. It premiered in January 2019 on Investigation Discovery. Title: Beyond Citizen Kane Passage: Beyond Citizen Kane is a 1993 British documentary film directed by Simon Hartog, produced by John Ellis, and first broadcast on Channel 4. Title: CNN Today Passage: CNN Today is a global news program on CNN International aimed as a morning show for Asia. The show airs weekdays from 5am to 5:30am and 6am to 8am HKT. Title: The Foxxhole Passage: The Foxxhole was an uncensored comedy channel on Sirius XM Radio channel 96. Presented by actor / comedian / musician Jamie Foxx, the network broadcasts a variety of comedy and urban music such as hip - hop and R&B in addition to live talk shows broadcast during the weekdays. The channel originally debuted on Sirius 106 on May 17, 2007, and began broadcasting simultaneously on XM 149 on November 12, 2008, until both services moved The Foxxhole to channel 96 on May 4, 2011.	[ "CNN Today", "The Hunt with John Walsh" ]
In what country is the community of Midway which shares a county with Bradford within the state where KAGH-FM is located?	U.S.	[ "United States", "US", "U.S", "America" ]	Title: Pleasant Plains, New Jersey Passage: Pleasant Plains is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Franklin Township, in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 922. Having no distinct boundaries, a large area in the center of Franklin Township centered on the intersections of South Middlebush Road (County Route 615) with Claremont and Suydam Roads (the former also CR 648) is generally considered Pleasant Plains. Title: Bradford, Arkansas Passage: Bradford is a city in White County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 759 at the 2010 census. Ronnie Burress is the current mayor. Title: KAGH-FM Passage: KAGH-FM (104.9 FM, "Today's Country 104.9") is a radio station licensed to serve Crossett, Arkansas, United States. The station is owned by Crossett Radio and licensed to Peggy S. Medlin's Ashley County Broadcasters, Inc. Title: Midway (near Pleasant Plains), White County, Arkansas Passage: Midway is an unincorporated community in White County, Arkansas, United States. Midway is located on U.S. Route 167, southeast of Pleasant Plains.	[ "Midway (near Pleasant Plains), White County, Arkansas", "KAGH-FM", "Bradford, Arkansas" ]
After the company that lost the lawsuit vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard failed at desktop sales, what products drove their sales growth?	the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service	[ "IPod", "iPod" ]	Title: Macintosh Passage: Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States that had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from 5% (estimated in 2009) to 16% (estimated in 2005). Title: Dell Passage: Dell has been attempting to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow, by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services. It avoided many of the acquisition writedowns and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard. Dell also managed some success in taking advantage of its high-touch direct sales heritage to establish close relationships and design solutions for clients. Despite spending $13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware, the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world, as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price. Dell's market share in the corporate segment was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously. Title: Macintosh Passage: Starting in 2002, Apple moved to eliminate CRT displays from its product line as part of aesthetic design and space-saving measures with the iMac G4. However, the new iMac with its flexible LCD flat-panel monitor was considerably more expensive on its debut than the preceding iMac G3, largely due to the higher cost of the LCD technology at the time. In order to keep the Macintosh affordable for the education market and due to obsolescence of the iMac G3, Apple created the eMac in April 2002 as the intended successor; however the eMac's CRT made it relatively bulky and somewhat outdated, while its all-in-one construction meant it could not be expanded to meet consumer demand for larger monitors. The iMac G4's relatively high prices were approaching that of laptops which were portable and had higher resolution LCD screens. Meanwhile, Windows PC manufacturers could offer desktop configurations with LCD flat panel monitors at prices comparable to the eMac and at much lower cost than the iMac G4. The flop of the Power Mac G4 Cube, along with the more expensive iMac G4 and heavy eMac, meant that Macintosh desktop sales never reached the market share attained by the previous iMac G3. For the next half-decade while Macintosh sales held steady, it would instead be the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service that would drive Apple's sales growth. Title: Macintosh Passage: In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.	[ "Macintosh" ]
What county, shares a border with another county, that borders a third county, where Liberty Township is found?	Maury County	[]	Title: Kon Tum Province Passage: Kon Tum Province lies in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam and shares borders with Laos and Cambodia. It has an area of 9,934 square km and a population of approximately 530,000. The economy is primarily agricultural. Title: Monett, Missouri Passage: Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018. Title: Summertown, Tennessee Passage: Summertown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Tennessee with a small portion in both Lewis County and Maury County. The population of Summertown was 866 at the 2010 census. Title: Liberty Township, Barry County, Missouri Passage: Liberty Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,105.	[ "Summertown, Tennessee", "Liberty Township, Barry County, Missouri", "Monett, Missouri" ]
Why is The Family Reunion's author's residence state is known as the show me state?	Missourians are known for being skeptical.	[]	Title: T. S. Eliot Prize (Truman State University) Passage: The T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry is awarded annually by Truman State University, which is a United States university located in Missouri. First awarded in 1997, the prize is given "for the best unpublished book-length collection of poetry in English, in honor of native Missourian T. S. Eliot’s considerable intellectual and artistic legacy". Eliot won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. The prize includes publication of the collection as well as a purse of $2000. Poets submit their unpublished collections to Truman State University Press for each year's competition. A well-known poet is chosen each year to judge the collections, and to select the winner and several finalists. Title: Manuel Andrack Passage: Manuel Andrack (born June 23, 1965 in Cologne) is a German journalist, television show editor, television host and author. He is most well known for his role as the "sidekick" in the popular "Harald Schmidt Show". Title: The Family Reunion Passage: The Family Reunion is a play by T. S. Eliot. Written mostly in blank verse (though not iambic pentameter), it incorporates elements from Greek drama and mid-twentieth-century detective plays to portray the hero's journey from guilt to redemption. The play was unsuccessful when first presented in 1939, and was later regarded as unsatisfactory by its author, but has been successfully revived since the 1940s. Some critics have thought aspects of the tormented hero reflect Eliot's own difficulties with his estrangement from his first wife. Title: Missouri Passage: Well - known Missourians include U.S. President Harry S. Truman, Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry and Nelly. Some of the largest companies based in the state include Cerner, Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, H&R Block, Wells Fargo Advisors and O'Reilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the ``Mother of the West ''and the`` Cave State''; however, Missouri's most famous nickname is the ``Show Me State '', as Missourians are known for being skeptical.	[ "Missouri", "T. S. Eliot Prize (Truman State University)", "The Family Reunion" ]
Where is the blue mosque located in the country containing Dicle?	Istanbul	[]	Title: Zivar bey Ahmadbeyov Passage: In 1902, Zivar bey Ahmadbeyov graduated from Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. From this year to 1917, Ahmadbeyov worked as an architect in Baku Governorate, then in Baku City Council. After the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Ahmadbeyov became the chief architect of Baku and held this post until 1922. Two of the largest mosques in Baku, the Baku-Blue Mosque and Taza Pir Mosque were constructed according to the projects of Ahmadbeyov. Murtuza Mukhtarov Mosque, which was constructed according to Ahmadbeyov's project in the municipality of Amirjan in Baku, was added to the list of historical monuments of UNESCO. Besides that, Ahmadbeyov is the architect of a lot of houses in Vladikavkaz and the building of the Ophthalmology Institute in Baku. Title: Batman River Passage: The Batman River is a major tributary of the Tigris, joining it near the source of Tigris called Dicle River in southeast Turkey. It originates in the Anti-Taurus Mountains (at the Sason and Genç mountains) and flows approximately from north to south, passing near the city of Batman and forming a natural border between the Batman Province and Diyarbakır Province. The historic Malabadi Bridge (built in 1146–1147) crosses the river near the town of Silvan. The region along the Batman River is known for its oil fields. The Batman Dam (, B. de Batman on the map) was built in 1999 in the upstream (), together with the associated reservoir and hydroelectric power plant. Title: Sultan Ahmed Mosque Passage: The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site. Title: Mosque of the Martyrs Passage: The Mosque of the Martyrs (), also popularly known as the Turkish Mosque, is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan, near the Martyrs' Lane. The mosque was built in the beginning of the 1990s with assistance of the Turkish government. The mosque currently is used as an official residence of religious attaché of the Turkish embassy. The mosque has been under construction since 2009.	[ "Sultan Ahmed Mosque", "Batman River" ]
what is the current official currency in Raymond Gause's country of citizenship?	United States dollar	[ "$" ]	Title: Indian rupee sign Passage: The Indian rupee sign (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the currency sign for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by D. Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an ``open ''competition among Indian residents. The symbol uses U + 20B9 ₹Indian Rupee Sign Unicode character. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language, an appropriate abbreviation in that language. The new sign relates solely to the Indian rupee; other countries that use a rupee, such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal, still use the generic U + 20A8 Rs Rupee Sign character. Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: After the ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Puerto Rico came under the military control of the United States of America. This brought about significant changes: the name of the island was changed to Porto Rico (it was changed back to Puerto Rico in 1932) and the currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the United States dollar. Freedom of assembly, speech, press, and religion were decreed and an eight-hour day for government employees was established. A public school system was begun and the U.S. Postal service was extended to the island. The highway system was enlarged, and bridges over the more important rivers were constructed. The government lottery was abolished, cockfighting was forbidden, and a centralized public health service established. Health conditions were poor at the time, with high rates of infant mortality and numerous endemic diseases. Title: Trinidad and Tobago passport Passage: The Oath of Citizenship or officially Oath of Allegiance, is a statement recited by individuals wishing to become citizens of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Individuals who wish to become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago do so through the Ministry of National Security's Citizenship and Immigration Section. The Oath of Allegiance is a mandatory step to becoming a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago. Title: Raymond Gause Passage: In 1992, he played in the first international event NBA players were allowed to compete in at the 1992 Tournament of the Americas in Portland, Oregon and helped Puerto Rico qualify for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The 1992 Olympics marked his last participation in International Competition.	[ "History of Puerto Rico", "Raymond Gause" ]
Under whose reign was the British company that was heavily involved in the defeat of the Nawab's forces founded in London?	Queen Elizabeth I	[]	Title: History of India Passage: The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah, the de facto ruler of the Bengal province, opposed British attempts to use these permits. This led to the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, in which the Bengal Army of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French-supported Nawab's forces. This was the first real political foothold with territorial implications that the British acquired in India. Clive was appointed by the company as its first 'Governor of Bengal' in 1757. This was combined with British victories over the French at Madras, Wandiwash and Pondichéry that, along with wider British successes during the Seven Years' War, reduced French influence in India. The British East India Company extended its control over the whole of Bengal. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the company acquired the rights of administration in Bengal from de jure Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II; this marked the beginning of its formal rule, which within the next century engulfed most of India. The East India Company monopolized the trade of Bengal. They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structure in Bengal, often with zamindars set in place. Title: East India Company Passage: The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control. Title: British colonization of the Americas Passage: In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia was founded by the London Company (also known as the Virginia Company). In Newfoundland, a chartered company known as the Society of Merchant Venturers established a permanent settlement at Cuper's Cove, from 1610. St. George's, Bermuda was founded by the Virginia Company, in 1612. Title: Child labour Passage: On 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of children being forced into labour due to the increasing need of cheap labour to produce large numbers of goods. Many multinationals often employed children because that they can be recruited for less pay, and have more endurance to utilise in factory environments. Another reason many Indian children were hired was because they lack knowledge of their basic rights, they did not cause trouble or complain, and they were often more trustworthy. The innocence that comes with childhood was utilised to make a profit by many and was encouraged by the need for family income.	[ "History of India", "East India Company" ]
What church has a diocese in the town with radio station CBZF-FM?	Anglican Church of Canada	[]	Title: KFLQ Passage: KFLQ (91.5 FM) is a Christian radio station located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is part of the Family Life Radio network. Title: Fässberg Parish Passage: Fässberg Parish is a parish in the Diocese of Gothenburg in Sweden. It covers most of the town of Mölndal. Title: CBZF-FM Passage: CBZF-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 99.5 MHz (FM) from Fredericton, New Brunswick and is the local Radio One station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Title: Diocese of Fredericton Passage: The Diocese of Fredericton is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada. Established in 1845, its first bishop was John Medley, who served until his death on September 9, 1892. Its cathedral and diocesan offices are in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.	[ "CBZF-FM", "Diocese of Fredericton" ]
What is the capital of province containing Hartashen?	Kapan	[]	Title: Hartashen, Syunik Passage: Hartashen (, also Romanized as Hart’ashen, Artashe, and Artashen; formerly, Aigedzor, Azatashen-Alighuli, Këru, At’ghunk’, Alikulik’yand, Last, Alighulashen, Alighuli Ashaghy, and Dzorashen) is a village and rural community (municipality) in the Syunik Province of Armenia. The National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia (ARMSTAT) reported its population was 717 in 2010, up from 662 at the 2001 census. Title: Olsztyn Voivodeship Passage: Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn. Title: Mansehra (Rural) Passage: Mansehra (Rural) is a Union Council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and to the southeast of the district capital, Mansehra. Title: Kapan Passage: Kapan () is a town at the southeast of Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of the urban community of Kapan as well as the provincial capital of Syunik Province. It is located in the valley of the Voghji River, on the northern slopes of Mount Khustup. According to the 2011 census, the population of Kapan is 43,190, slightly declined from 45,711 in the 2001 census. Kapan is the most populous town in the Syunik Province and the entire region of southern Armenia. However, the current population of the town is around 34,600 as per the 2016 official estimate.	[ "Kapan", "Hartashen, Syunik" ]
In 2018, when do we vote for the body given authority to choose the president in 1824 by the document in which Stewart could not find Wall of Separation?	Tuesday, November 6, 2018	[]	Title: 2018 United States elections Passage: 2018 elections in the United States will be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, except for certain special elections. All these races, regardless if it is for a federal, state, or local office, are being administered by the individual state and local governments instead of at the national or federal level. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's first term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. In addition, 39 state and territorial governorships as well as numerous other state and local elections will also be contested. Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution." Title: United States Electoral College Passage: If no candidate for president receives a majority of electoral votes for president, the Twelfth Amendment provides that the House of Representatives will select the president, with each of the fifty state delegations casting one vote. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president, then the Senate will select the vice president, with each of the 100 senators having one vote.	[ "Separation of church and state in the United States", "1824 United States presidential election", "2018 United States elections" ]
Who developed the statue of the player with the most NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Awards?	Julie Rotblatt-Amrany	[]	Title: Philadelphia 76ers Passage: The 76ers have had a rich history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson. They have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in 1967, a team which was led by Chamberlain. The third title came in 1983, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then: in 2001, when they lost to the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1. Title: Chicago Bulls Passage: The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s, when they were responsible for popularizing the NBA worldwide. They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three - peats. All six championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson. The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships and never lose an NBA Finals series in their history. Title: Michael Jordan statue Passage: The Michael Jordan statue, also known as The Spirit (and sometimes referred to as Michael Jordan's Spirit), is a bronze sculpture by Omri Amrany and Julie Rotblatt-Amrany that has been located inside the United Center in the Near West Side community area of Chicago since March 1, 2017. The sculpture was originally commissioned after Jordan's initial retirement following three consecutive NBA championships and unveiled prior to the Bulls taking residence in their new home stadium the following year. Depicting Basketball Hall of Fame member Michael Jordan and unveiled outside the United Center on November 1, 1994, the sculpture stands atop a black granite base. Although not critically well received, the statue has established its own legacy as a meeting place for fans at subsequent Bulls championships and as a rallying point for Chicago Blackhawks fans during their prideful times. Title: NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award Passage: Since its inception, the award has been given to 31 different players. Michael Jordan is a record six - time award winner. Magic Johnson, Shaquille O'Neal, Tim Duncan and LeBron James won the award three times in their careers. Jordan and O'Neal are the only players to win the award in three consecutive seasons (Jordan accomplished the feat on two separate occasions). Johnson is the only rookie ever to win the award, as well as the youngest at 20 years old. Andre Iguodala is the only winner to have not started every game in the series. Jerry West, the first ever awardee, is the only person to win the award while being on the losing team in the NBA Finals. Willis Reed, Kareem Abdul - Jabbar, Larry Bird, Hakeem Olajuwon, Kobe Bryant, and Kevin Durant won the award twice. Olajuwon, Durant, Bryant, and James have won the award in two consecutive seasons. Abdul - Jabbar and James are the only players to win the award for two different teams. Olajuwon of Nigeria, who became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1993, Tony Parker of France, and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only international players to win the award. Duncan is an American citizen, but is considered an ``international ''player by the NBA because he was not born in one of the fifty states or Washington, D.C. Parker and Nowitzki are the only winners to have been trained totally outside the U.S.; Olajuwon played college basketball at Houston and Duncan at Wake Forest. Cedric Maxwell is the only Finals MVP winner eligible for the Hall of Fame who has not been voted in.	[ "NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award", "Michael Jordan statue" ]
Where did Chopin live with his family, in the city where Zygmunt Latoszewski died?	Saxon Palace.	[ "Saxon Palace" ]	Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years. Title: Live and Let Die (song) Passage: ``Live and Let Die ''is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul McCartney's band Wings. It was one of the group's most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Title: Zygmunt Latoszewski Passage: Zygmunt Latoszewski (1902 in Poznań - 1995 in Warsaw) was a Polish conductor, theater director and music teacher. He was a conductor and director of many of Polish operas and philharmonics.	[ "Frédéric Chopin", "Zygmunt Latoszewski" ]
Who was the president of the United States following the war the Battle of Kostiuchnówka was part of?	Thomas Woodrow Wilson	[ "Woodrow Wilson" ]	Title: Cross Keys Union order of battle Passage: The following United States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Cross Keys of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Title: United States presidential line of succession Passage: The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns or is removed from office. (A President can be removed from office by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate.) The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States, which currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State. Those heads of departments who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen. Title: Battle of Kostiuchnówka Passage: The Battle of Kostiuchnówka was a World War I battle that took place July 4–6, 1916, near the village of Kostiuchnówka (Kostyukhnivka) and the Styr River in the Volhynia region of modern Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. It was a major clash between the Russian Army and the Polish Legions (part of the Austro-Hungarian Army) during the opening phase of the Brusilov Offensive. Title: Woodrow Wilson Passage: Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 -- February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and as Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as ``Wilsonianism. ''He was one of the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations, but he was unable to win Senate approval for U.S. participation in the League.	[ "Woodrow Wilson", "Battle of Kostiuchnówka" ]
What percent of people in the country where Esik is located use Russian as their main language?	46%	[]	Title: Dutch language Passage: It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11 percent of households. In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch. Title: Russian language Passage: In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language. Title: Issyk River Passage: The Issyk River is a river in Kazakhstan that crosses the Issyk Lake (not to be confused with the much greater Issyk Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan) and the town of Esik. Title: Montana Passage: English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).	[ "Russian language", "Issyk River" ]
When was the Circus Maximus built, in the city where the Pope who fathered Gioffre Borgia died?	Old Kingdom era	[]	Title: Circus of Carthage Passage: The Circus of Carthage is a Roman circus in Carthage, in present-day Tunisia. Used for chariot racing, it was modeled on the Circus Maximus in Rome and other circus buildings throughout the Roman Empire. Measuring more than 470 m in length and 30 m in width, it could house up to 45,000 spectators, roughly one third of the Circus Maximus. Title: Gioffre Borgia Passage: Gioffre Borgia (born 1481 or 1482; died 1516 or 1517), also known as Goffredo (Italian), or Jofré Borja (Catalan), was the youngest son of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei, and a member of the House of Borgia. He was the youngest brother of Cesare, Giovanni, and Lucrezia Borgia. Title: Pope Alexander VI Passage: On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died and was succeeded by his son Alfonso II (1494–1495). Charles VIII of France now advanced formal claims on the Kingdom of Naples. Alexander authorised him to pass through Rome, ostensibly on a crusade against the Ottoman Empire, without mentioning Naples. But when the French invasion became a reality Pope Alexander VI became alarmed, recognised Alfonso II as king of Naples, and concluded an alliance with him in exchange for various fiefs for his sons (July 1494). A military response to the French threat was set in motion: a Neapolitan army was to advance through the Romagna and attack Milan, while the fleet was to seize Genoa. Both expeditions were badly conducted and failed, and on 8 September Charles VIII crossed the Alps and joined Ludovico il Moro at Milan. The Papal States were in turmoil, and the powerful Colonna faction seized Ostia in the name of France. Charles VIII rapidly advanced southward, and after a short stay in Florence, set out for Rome (November 1494). Title: Circus Maximus Passage: Circus Maximus Modern (1978) view of the Circus site from the south - east Location Regio XI Circus Maximus Built in Old Kingdom era Type of structure Circus Circus Maximus	[ "Circus Maximus", "Pope Alexander VI", "Gioffre Borgia" ]
How many Smithsonian museums are there in the city where the performer of the album Kaleidoscope died?	Seventeen	[]	Title: Kaleidoscope (Sonny Stitt album) Passage: Kaleidoscope is an album by saxophonist Sonny Stitt compiling tracks recorded in 1950-52 and released on the Prestige label in 1957. The 1991 CD reissue added four bonus tracks to the original LP. Title: Texas Prison Museum Passage: The non-profit museum features the history of the prison system in Texas (Huntsville is the home of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and several prisons including the Ellis Unit which previously housed death row, and Huntsville Unit which houses the execution chamber). There are many different artifacts in the museum, including an electric chair named "Old Sparky" that was formerly used from 1924 to 1964 as the primary means of execution. Title: List of Smithsonian museums Passage: The Smithsonian museums are the most widely visible part of the United States' Smithsonian Institution and consist of nineteen museums and galleries as well as the National Zoological Park. Seventeen of these collections are located in Washington D.C., with eleven of those located on the National Mall. The remaining ones are in New York City and Chantilly, Virginia. As of 2010, one museum, the Arts and Industries Building, is closed in preparation for a substantial renovation, and its newest museum building, the National Museum of African American History and Culture, opened in 2016. Title: Horace Parlan Passage: Between 1952 and 1957, he worked in Washington DC with Sonny Stitt, then spent two years with Mingus' Jazz Workshop. In 1973, Parlan moved to Copenhagen, Denmark. He later settled in the small village of Rude in southern Zealand. In 1974 he completed a State Department tour of Africa with Hal Singer.	[ "Horace Parlan", "List of Smithsonian museums", "Kaleidoscope (Sonny Stitt album)" ]
Who won the 2017 presidential election in the country which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013 of all the countries in the continent that contains Paraguay?	Lenín Moreno	[]	Title: Tone Heimdal Brataas Passage: In the 2013 election she was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Buskerud, being re-elected as such in 2017. She has served as an elected member of Røyken municipal council. Title: New York City Passage: Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013. Title: Paraguay Passage: Paraguay (; ; , ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (; ), is a country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia), the country has coasts, beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the . Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as "Corazón de Sudamérica" ("Heart of South America"). Title: 2017 Ecuadorian general election Passage: General elections were held in Ecuador on 19 February 2017 alongside a referendum on tax havens. Voters elected a new President and National Assembly. Incumbent President Rafael Correa of the PAIS Alliance was not eligible for re-election, having served two terms. In the first round of the presidential elections, PAIS Alliance candidate Lenín Moreno received 39% of the vote. Although he was more than 10% ahead of his nearest rival, Guillermo Lasso of the Creating Opportunities party, Moreno was just short of the 40% threshold required to avoid a run - off. As a result, a second round was held on 2 April. In the second round Moreno was elected President with 51.16% of the vote.	[ "2017 Ecuadorian general election", "Paraguay", "New York City" ]
The Diocese of where David Myles was born is affiliated with what?	Anglican Church of Canada	[]	Title: Episcopal Church of the Saviour (Clermont, Iowa) Passage: The Episcopal Church of the Saviour, also known as Memorial Episcopal Church, is a parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa. The church is located in Clermont, Iowa, United States. The church building, along with the statue of David Henderson, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Title: David Myles (musician) Passage: David Myles (born May 12, 1981) is a Canadian songwriter/performer/recording artist originally from Fredericton, New Brunswick. Myles lives in Halifax, Nova Scotia. His music has often been labeled folk jazz, although he prefers simply to call it "roots" music. An independent artist who self-releases his albums, Myles has been able to gain an increasingly large audience, in part because of his active touring schedule and in part because of his cross-genre musical collaborations, which include a single made with the rapper Classified that became the biggest-selling rap single in the history of Canadian music. Title: Anglican Diocese of Rockhampton Passage: The Anglican Diocese of Rockhampton is a diocese in the Province of Queensland and one of the 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese covers an area of approximately 57 million hectares, roughly twice the size of New Zealand and four times the size of England and Wales. The diocese contains nearly the whole central regions of Queensland. The population of the diocese is 216,000 of whom approximately 48,000 indicate that they are Anglicans. The diocese has 20 parishes and ministry districts, with the largest parish bigger than the State of Victoria. The cathedral church of the diocese is St Paul's Cathedral in Rockhampton. The most recent Bishop of Rockhampton was the Right Reverend Godfrey Fryar who retired in December 2013. Title: Diocese of Fredericton Passage: The Diocese of Fredericton is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada. Established in 1845, its first bishop was John Medley, who served until his death on September 9, 1892. Its cathedral and diocesan offices are in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.	[ "David Myles (musician)", "Diocese of Fredericton" ]
Who was the ninth governor-general in the country Gasmata is located?	Sir Michael Ogio	[ "Michael Ogio" ]	Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor-General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor-General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor-General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day-to-day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions. Title: Gasmata Passage: Gasmata is a village on the southern coast of New Britain, Papua New Guinea located at 6° 16' 60S 150° 19' 60E. There is a Gasmata Airport in Surumi Peninsula area adjacent. Title: Solomon Hochoy Passage: Sir Solomon Hochoy GCMG GCVO OBE (20 April 1905 -- 15 November 1983) was a Trinidad and Tobago politician. He was the last British governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the first governor - general upon the country's independence in 1962. He was the first non-white governor of a British crown colony and the first ethnically Chinese and nationally Caribbean person to become governor - general in the Commonwealth. Title: Michael Ogio Passage: Sir Michael Ogio (7 July 1942 – 18 February 2017) was a Papua New Guinean politician who led People's Democratic Movement party. He served as the ninth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea.	[ "Gasmata", "Michael Ogio" ]
When did the roof gardens above Paul Bircher's birthplace open to the public?	1980s	[]	Title: Kensington Roof Gardens Passage: The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club. Title: Presby Memorial Iris Gardens Passage: Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens. Title: Paul Bircher Passage: Bircher was born at Kensington, London. He was educated at Radley College and Christ's College, Cambridge and in 1948, he was a member of the victorious Cambridge crew in the Boat Race. Most of the Cambridge crew of 1948 also rowed for Leander Club at Henley Royal Regatta. The Leander eight were selected to row for Great Britain in the 1948 Summer Olympics and won the silver medal. Bircher was in the winning Cambridge crews in the 1949 and 1950 Boat Races. In 1953 he was a member of the Leander Club crew which won the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. Title: National Orchid Garden Passage: The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.	[ "Paul Bircher", "Kensington Roof Gardens" ]
What military branch did the Prime Minister of Britain when it joined the common market serve in?	British Army	[]	Title: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Passage: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Royal Arms used by Her Majesty's Government Incumbent Theresa May since 13 July 2016 (2016 - 07 - 13) Government of the United Kingdom Office of the Prime Minister Style Prime Minister (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth) His / Her Excellency (in international correspondence) Member of Cabinet Privy Council European Council British -- Irish Council Reports to Parliament Residence 10 Downing Street Chequers Seat Westminster Appointer Monarch of the United Kingdom Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Inaugural holder Sir Robert Walpole as First Lord of the Treasury and de facto first Prime Minister. Formation 4 April 1721 Salary £151,451 annual, including £76,011 MP's salary Website Official website Title: Dudley Smith Passage: Smith served as a junior minister for the British Army and Employment during the Edward Heath government of 1970 to 1974. Title: Kamal Ganzouri Passage: Kamal Ganzouri (, ‎; born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded "Minister of the Poor" and "the Opposition Minister" because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as prime minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011. Title: 1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum Passage: The United Kingdom European Communities referendum of 1975, also known as the Common Market referendum and EEC membership referendum was non-binding referendum held on 5 June 1975 in the United Kingdom to gauge support for the country's continued membership of the European Communities (EC) -- often known at the time as the ``Common Market ''-- which it had entered on 1 January 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath. Labour's manifesto for the October 1974 general election had promised that the people would decide`` through the ballot box'' whether to remain in the EC.	[ "1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum", "Dudley Smith" ]
When was the city founded where John Henry Holland died?	1824	[]	Title: My Fair Lady (film) Passage: Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle Marni Nixon as Eliza's singing voice (uncredited) Rex Harrison as Professor Henry Higgins Stanley Holloway as Alfred P. Doolittle Wilfrid Hyde - White as Colonel Hugh Pickering Gladys Cooper as Mrs. Higgins Jeremy Brett as Freddy Eynsford - Hill Bill Shirley as Freddy's singing voice (uncredited) Theodore Bikel as Zoltan Karpathy Mona Washbourne as Mrs. Pearce, Higgins' housekeeper Isobel Elsom as Mrs. Eynsford - Hill John Holland as the Butler Title: John Henry Holland Passage: John Henry Holland (February 2, 1929 – August 9, 2015) was an American scientist and Professor of psychology and Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He was a pioneer in what became known as genetic algorithms. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Title: Pin Oak I Passage: Pin Oak I is a public art work by artist John Raymond Henry located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture is an abstract form made of aluminum bars painted safety yellow; it has been installed on the lawn.	[ "John Henry Holland", "Ann Arbor, Michigan" ]
What was the first name of the person whose liturgical feast is celebrated on September 26th at birth?	Giovanni	[]	Title: Paul the Apostle Passage: Saint Paul Apostle of the Gentiles Saint Paul by Bartolomeo Montagna Native name שאול התרסי (Sha'ul ha - Tarsi, Saul of Tarsus) Personal details c. AD 5 Tarsus, Cilicia, Roman Empire → c. AD 67 (aged 61 -- 62) probably in Rome, Roman Empire Sainthood Feast day January 25 (Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul) February 10 (Feast of Saint Paul's Shipwreck in Malta) June 29 (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) June 30 (former solo feast day, still celebrated by some religious orders) November 18 (Feast of the dedication of the basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul) Canonized by Pre-Congregation Attributes Sword Patronage Missions; Theologians; Gentile Christians Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church has a liturgical feast by that name, kept on December 8. Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin "original sin") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Roman Catholic Church. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini automatically became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.	[ "Pope Paul VI" ]
When did the country where Dünamünde Action was located become part of the Soviet Union?	5 August 1940	[]	Title: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Passage: Following the Welles Declaration of July 23, 1940, the annexation of Latvia into the Soviet Union (USSR) on 5 August 1940 was not recognized as legitimate by the United States, the European Community, and recognition of it as the nominal fifteenth constituent republic of the USSR was withheld for five decades. Its territory was subsequently conquered by Nazi Germany in June -- July 1941, before being retaken by the Soviets in 1944 -- 1945. Nevertheless, Latvia continued to exist as a de jure independent country with a number of countries continued to recognize Latvian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former governments. Title: Armenia Passage: Armenia was annexed by Bolshevist Russia and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) on 4 March 1922. With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars. In the agreement, Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır, all of which were part of Russian Armenia. Title: Dünamünde Action Passage: The Dünamünde Action (Aktion Dünamünde) was an operation launched by the Nazi German occupying force and local collaborationists in Biķernieki forest, near Riga, Latvia. Its objective was to execute Jews who had recently been deported to Latvia from Germany, Austria, Bohemia and Moravia. These murders are sometimes separated into the First Dünamünde Action, occurring on March 15, 1942, and the Second Dünamünde Action on March 26, 1942. About 1,900 people were killed in the first action and 1,840 in the second. The victims were lured to their deaths by a false promise that they would receive easier work at a (non-existent) resettlement facility near a former neighbourhood in Latvia called Daugavgrīva (Dünamünde). Rather than being transported to a new facility, they were trucked to woods north of Riga, shot, and buried in previously dug mass graves. The elderly, the sick and children predominated among the victims. Title: Southern Europe Passage: Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).	[ "Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic", "Dünamünde Action" ]
Which year witnessed the formation of the publisher of And Still I Rise?	2001	[]	Title: And Still I Rise Passage: And Still I Rise is author Maya Angelou's third volume of poetry, published by Random House in 1978. It was published during one of the most productive periods in Angelou's career; she had written three autobiographies and published two other volumes of poetry up to that point. Angelou considered herself a poet and a playwright, but was best known for her seven autobiographies, especially her first," I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", although her poetry has also been successful. She began, early in her writing career, alternating the publication of an autobiography and a volume of poetry. Although her poetry collections have been best-sellers, they have not received serious critical attention. Title: Sad Cypress Passage: Sad Cypress is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in March 1940 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at eight shillings and threepence (8/3) – the first price rise for a UK Christie edition since her 1921 debut – and the US edition retailed at $2.00. Title: When a Man Murders Passage: "When a Man Murders" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published in the May 1954 issue of "The American Magazine". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection "Three Witnesses", published by the Viking Press in 1956. Title: Random House Passage: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.	[ "And Still I Rise", "Random House" ]
When Anson led the Chicago cubs, what is the number of pennants won from the organization Dusty Boggess was employed by?	six	[]	Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes "Anson's Colts", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the "Orphans". Title: Dusty Boggess Passage: Lynton Ross "Dusty" Boggess (June 7, 1904 – July 8, 1968) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1944 to 1962. He umpired in four World Series and in four All-Star Games.	[ "Dusty Boggess", "Chicago Cubs" ]
When was the political entity that has the power to remove a justice of the highest tier, able to pass legislation that authorized a transcontinental railroad?	July 1, 1862	[]	Title: Supreme Court of the United States Passage: The Constitution provides that justices ``shall hold their offices during good behavior ''(unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term`` good behavior'' is understood to mean justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, unless they are impeached and convicted by Congress, resign, or retire. Only one justice has been impeached by the House of Representatives (Samuel Chase, March 1804), but he was acquitted in the Senate (March 1805). Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, in 1953 and again in 1970; and Abe Fortas resigned while hearings were being organized in 1969), but they did not reach a vote in the House. No mechanism exists for removing a justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, but unable (or unwilling) to resign. Title: Ministry of Law and Justice (India) Passage: The Ministry of Law and Justice in the Government of India is a cabinet ministry which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities and administration of justice in India through its three departments namely the "Legislative Department" and the "Department of Legal Affairs" and "Department of Justice" respectively. The Department of Legal Affairs is concerned with advising the various Ministries of the Central Government while the Legislative Department is concerned with drafting of principal legislation for the Central Government. The ministry is headed by a cabinet rank minister appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of India. The first Law and Justice minister of independent India was B. R. Ambedkar, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947–52. Ravi Shankar Prasad is the current minister for law and justice in India. Title: Pacific Railroad Acts Passage: The original Act's long title was An Act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes. It was based largely on a proposed bill originally reported six years earlier on August 16, 1856, to the 34th Congress by the Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad and Telegraph. Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862, the 1862 Act authorized extensive land grants in the Western United States and the issuance of 30 - year government bonds (at 6 percent) to the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad (later the Southern Pacific Railroad) companies in order to construct a continuous transcontinental railroad between the eastern side of the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa (opposite from Omaha, Nebraska) and the navigable waters of the Sacramento River in Sacramento, California. Section 2 of the Act granted each Company contiguous rights of way for their rail lines as well as all public lands within 200 feet (61 m) on either side of the track. Title: Israel Passage: Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.	[ "Supreme Court of the United States", "Israel", "Pacific Railroad Acts" ]
Who was the original broadcaster of season 1 of the show featuring a character named Captain Apollo?	Sci-Fi Channel	[]	Title: Owen Hunt Passage: Owen Hunt, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actor Kevin McKidd. He was introduced in season five as a U.S. Army trauma surgeon who served in war - torn Iraq, and subsequently joins the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital to teach medicine as a surgical attending, head of trauma surgery, and eventual chief of surgery, sometimes with unorthodox methods. Originally contracted to appear for a multi-episode story arc, he was upgraded to a series' regular at the conclusion of his first appearance. Title: Captain Apollo Passage: Captain Apollo is a fictional character in the "Battlestar Galactica" franchise. He was first played by Richard Hatch, who would also later appear as the character of Tom Zarek in the reimagined "Battlestar Galactica" series in 2005. Title: Battlestar Galactica (season 1) Passage: The first season of the reimagined science fiction television series "Battlestar Galactica", commissioned by the Sci-Fi Channel in February 2004, began airing eight months later in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It premiered on Sci-Fi in the United States with a two-hour debut on January 14, 2005. The first episode of the series received a Hugo Award and the season's 13 episodes were recognized with a Peabody Award "for pushing the limits of science fiction and making it accessible to all." Title: Space Race Passage: The United States recovered from the Apollo 1 fire, fixing the fatal flaws in an improved version of the Block II command module. The US proceeded with unpiloted test launches of the Saturn V launch vehicle (Apollo 4 and Apollo 6) and the Lunar Module (Apollo 5) during the latter half of 1967 and early 1968. Apollo 1's mission to check out the Apollo Command/Service Module in Earth orbit was accomplished by Grissom's backup crew commanded by Walter Schirra on Apollo 7, launched on October 11, 1968. The eleven-day mission was a total success, as the spacecraft performed a virtually flawless mission, paving the way for the United States to continue with its lunar mission schedule.	[ "Captain Apollo", "Battlestar Galactica (season 1)" ]
Who did the performer of the song Welcome to New York play in The Lorax?	Audrey	[]	Title: The Lorax (film) Passage: The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer - animated musical fantasy -- comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once - ler. The cast includes Zac Efron as Ted, Danny DeVito as the Lorax, and Ed Helms as the Once - ler. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White). Title: Qaasim Middleton Passage: Qaasim Middleton was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the son of actor/musician-songwriter Keith Middleton, who performed in the New York cast of "STOMP", and actress/singer-songwriter Toni Seawright, the first African American Miss Mississippi and a 4th runner-up in Miss America. He graduated from Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts. Title: Steven Diaz Passage: Steven Diaz (born May 11, 1986 in Jackson Heights, New York) is an American soccer player who most recently played for the New York Cosmos. Title: Welcome to New York (song) Passage: "Welcome to New York" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released as the second promotional single on October 20, 2014 from Swift's fifth album, "1989". Swift donated all proceeds from the sale of the single to the New York City Department of Education.	[ "Welcome to New York (song)", "The Lorax (film)" ]
What is the salary of the Governor of the state where the town of Sherman is found?	$122,160	[]	Title: Sherman, Mississippi Passage: Sherman is a town which straddles Lee, Pontotoc, and Union counties in Mississippi. The population was 650 at the 2010 census. Title: List of governors of Missouri Passage: Governor of Missouri Seal of Missouri Incumbent Mike Parson since June 1, 2018 Style The Honorable Residence Missouri Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once (maximumly lifetime) Inaugural holder Alexander McNair Formation Constitution of Missouri Salary $133,821 (2013) Website governor.mo.gov Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: List of governors of Mississippi Passage: Governor of Mississippi Arms of the state of Mississippi Incumbent Phil Bryant since January 10, 2012 Style Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal) Status Head of State Head of Government Residence Mississippi Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once Inaugural holder David Holmes Formation Constitution of Mississippi Succession Every four years, unless reelected Deputy Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi Salary $122,160 (2013)	[ "List of governors of Mississippi", "Sherman, Mississippi" ]
What is the hockey club in the city where the Holyrood estate is located?	Southampton Hockey Club	[]	Title: Mount Pleasant Winery Passage: Mount Pleasant Estates is a winery in Augusta, Missouri, United States, on the north side of the Missouri River in what is called the Missouri Rhineland. It is the third-largest winery in the state. Title: Southampton Passage: The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards. Title: VIK Västerås HK Passage: Västerås IK ("Västerås IK Hockey Klubb") is an ice hockey club from Västerås, Sweden. The team is currently playing in the second-tier league in Sweden, Hockeyallsvenskan. Västerås IK played 12 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien (1988–89 to 1999–00) before the club went bankrupt and merged with the junior club (Västerås IK Ungdom), which changed name to VIK Västerås HK in 2005. In 2018, after playing a year in tier three, Hockeyettan, the club changed it name back to the old name Västerås IK. Title: Holyrood estate Passage: The Holyrood estate is a housing estate in Southampton, England. It was constructed as a new city district to replace a slum bombed in World War II, and designed by Lyons Israel Ellis, who later designed Wyndham Court. Owen Hatherley describes the estate as a "straightforward scattering of low and medium-rise Modernist blocks, using the soft-Brutalist vernacular of stock-brick and concrete." Hatherley praises the estate's layout over its aesthetic. The estate is situated between Queensway to the west and Threefield Lane to the east, and Bernard Street to the south and Lime Street to the north.	[ "Southampton", "Holyrood estate" ]
What is the traditional sport in the country containing Vasafua?	kilikiti	[ "Kilikiti" ]	Title: Pesäpallo Passage: Pesäpallo (; , both names literally meaning "nest ball", colloquially known as Pesis, also referred to as "Finnish baseball") is a fast-moving bat-and-ball sport that is often referred to as the national sport of Finland and has some presence in other countries including Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada's northern Ontario (the latter two countries have significant Nordic populations). The game is similar to brännboll, rounders, and lapta, as well as baseball. Title: Vasafua Passage: Vasafua is an islet of Funafuti, Tuvalu. Vasafua is part of the Funafuti Conservation Area, established in 1996 with the aim of preserving the natural fauna and flora of the area. Title: Tuvalu Passage: A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities. Title: I See Hawks In L.A. Passage: I See Hawks In L.A. is an alternative country group from Los Angeles, California founded in 1999 by Rob Waller and brothers Paul and Anthony Lacques with the support of established West Coast country rock bassist David Jackson. Their music incorporates the traditional elements of country music, vocal harmonies and traditional instruments including acoustic guitar and fiddle.	[ "Vasafua", "Tuvalu" ]
When was the largest growth by the Presbyterian Church in the country that the Manchu Dynasty expanded to from the country of the philosopher who accurately described evaporation?	era of Guomindang	[ "Guomindang" ]	Title: Qing dynasty Passage: During the Qianlong reign (1735 -- 96) the dynasty reached its apogee but then began its initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy, and ruling elites failed to change their mindsets in the face of changes in the world system. Following the Opium War, European powers imposed unequal treaties, free trade, extraterritoriality and treaty ports under foreign control. The Taiping Rebellion (1850 -- 64) and the Dungan Revolt (1862 -- 77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people, most of them due to famines caused by war. In spite of these disasters, in the Tongzhi Restoration of the 1860s, Han Chinese elites rallied to the defense of the Confucian order and the Qing rulers. The initial gains in the Self - Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino - Japanese War of 1895, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back in a coup by Empress Dowager Cixi, a conservative leader. When the Scramble for Concessions by foreign powers triggered the violently anti-foreign Yihetuan (``Boxers ''), the foreign powers invaded China, Cixi declared war on them, leading to defeat and the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an. Title: Han dynasty Passage: Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds. Title: Wang Chong Passage: Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the "Lunheng" (論衡, "Critical Essays"). This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT) is by far the largest Protestant denomination in Taiwan, with some 238,372 members as of 2009 (including a majority of the island's aborigines). English Presbyterian missionary James Laidlaw Maxwell established the first Presbyterian church in Tainan in 1865. His colleague George Leslie Mackay, of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, was active in Danshui and north Taiwan from 1872 to 1901; he founded the island's first university and hospital, and created a written script for Taiwanese Minnan. The English and Canadian missions joined together as the PCT in 1912. One of the few churches permitted to operate in Taiwan through the era of Japanese rule (1895–1945), the PCT experienced rapid growth during the era of Guomindang-imposed martial law (1949–1987), in part due to its support for democracy, human rights, and Taiwan independence. Former ROC president Lee Teng-hui (in office 1988–2000) is a Presbyterian.	[ "Wang Chong", "Presbyterianism", "Qing dynasty", "Han dynasty" ]
Why does the flag of the country where Bernardo de Balbuena died have one star?	represented the island of Puerto Rico	[ "PR", "Puerto Rico" ]	Title: Bernardo de Balbuena Passage: Bernardo de Balbuena (c. Valdepeñas (Spain) 1561 – San Juan, Puerto Rico, October 1627) was a Spanish poet. He was the first of a long series of Latin American poets who extolled the special beauties of the New World. Title: Flag of Puerto Rico Passage: In a letter written by Maria Manuela (Mima) Besosa, the daughter of the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee member Manuel Besosa, she stated that she sewed the flag. This created a belief that her father could have been its designer. In her letter she described the flag as one which consists of five stripes that alternate from red to white. Three of the stripes are red, and the other two are white. To the left of the flag is a light blue triangle that houses one white five - pointed star. Each part of this flag has its own meaning. The three red stripes represent the blood from the brave warriors. The two white stripes represent the victory and peace that they would have after gaining independence. The white star represented the island of Puerto Rico. The blue represents the sky and blue coastal waters. The triangle represents the three branches of government. Finally, it is also believed by some that it was Lola Rodríguez de Tió who suggested that Puerto Ricans use the Cuban flag with its colors reversed as the model for their own standard. The color of the Cuban flag's blue stripes, however, were a darker shade of blue, according to Professor Martí. Title: Flag of Puerto Rico Passage: Juan de Mata Terreforte, an exiled veteran of ``El Grito de Lares ''and Vice-President of the Cuban Revolutionary Committee, in New York City, adopted the flag of Lares as the flag of Puerto Rico until 1895, when the current design, modeled after the Cuban flag, was unveiled and adopted by the 59 Puerto Rican exiles of the Cuban Revolutionary committee. The new flag, which consisted of five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five - pointed star in the center, was first flown in Puerto Rico on March 24, 1897, during the`` Intentona de Yauco'' revolt. The use and display of the Puerto Rican flag was outlawed and the only flags permitted to be flown in Puerto Rico were the Spanish flag (1492 to 1898) and the flag of the United States (1898 to 1952). Title: L'Amour, Madame Passage: L'Amour, Madame () is a French comedy film from 1952, directed by Gilles Grangier, written by Félix Gandéra, starring Arletty and Jean Marais. The film was known under the title "Coups de soleil" or "Les jeux de la plage et du hasard" (France), "Die Liebe mit 20" (West Germany), "Love, Madame" (USA).	[ "Bernardo de Balbuena", "Flag of Puerto Rico" ]
When did the state that is east of Lake Ontario get snow in 2016?	January 22 to January 24, 2016	[]	Title: January 2016 United States blizzard Passage: The January 2016 United States blizzard was a crippling and historic blizzard that produced up to 3 ft (91 cm) of snow in parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States from January 22 to January 24, 2016. Evolving from a shortwave trough that formed in the Pacific Northwest on January 19, the system consolidated into a defined low - pressure area on January 21 over Texas. Regarding it as a ``potentially historic blizzard '', meteorologists indicated the storm could produce more than 2 ft (61 cm) of snow across a wide swath of the Mid-Atlantic region and could`` paralyze the eastern third of the nation''. Winter weather expert Paul Kocin described the blizzard as ``kind of a top - 10 snowstorm ''. Title: Lake Ontario Passage: Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means "Lake of Shining Waters". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan. Title: Great Lakes Passage: The Great Lakes (French: les Grands - Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada -- United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan -- Huron), Erie, and Ontario. Title: Lake George (Michigan–Ontario) Passage: Lake George is a lake in Chippewa County, Michigan, United States, and Algoma District, Northwestern Ontario, Canada, that lies between Sugar Island in Michigan on the west and the Ontario mainland on the east.	[ "Lake Ontario", "January 2016 United States blizzard" ]
Who is the democratic candidate running for governor in the state where the most wheat is grown in the US?	Laura Kelly	[]	Title: Wheat production in the United States Passage: The United States Department of Agriculture defines eight official classes of wheat: durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard red winter wheat, soft red winter wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, unclassed wheat, and mixed wheat. Winter wheat accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total production in the U.S., with the largest amounts produced in Kansas (10.8 million tons) and North Dakota (9.8 million tons). The U.S. hard red spring wheat crop is exported to over 70 countries each year to the extent of 55%. Of the total wheat produced in the country, 50% is exported, valued at US $9 billion. Title: 2018 Kansas gubernatorial election Passage: On August 7, 2018, Kobach appeared headed for victory over incumbent Governor Jeff Colyer in the Republican gubernatorial primary by an initial margin of 191 votes. By August 9, 2018, his lead stood at 121 votes, but discrepancies in some counties needed resolution, and provisional and absentee ballots may not have been counted in some counties. Democratic Senator Laura Kelly easily won the Democratic nomination. Independent Greg Orman, who finished second in the 2014 U.S. Senate race against incumbent Republican Pat Roberts, is running for governor, again as an independent candidate. Title: 2018 Connecticut gubernatorial election Passage: As Connecticut does not have gubernatorial term limits, incumbent Democratic Governor Dannel Malloy is eligible to run for a third term, but has declined to do so. After the resignation of Kansas Governor Sam Brownback in January of 2018, Malloy became the most unpopular governor in the United States.. The general election will be between 2006 Democratic Senate nominee and businessman Ned Lamont, and Republican businessman Bob Stefanowski. Title: African-American candidates for President of the United States Passage: In 1972, Shirley Chisholm was the first African - American major party candidate for president. She was a candidate for the Democratic Party nomination and participated in the Democratic primaries in numerous states. She campaigned in 12 states and won 28 delegates. In the actual balloting at the 1972 Democratic National Convention, she gained additional votes from disaffected Democrats and ended with 152 delegates.	[ "Wheat production in the United States", "2018 Kansas gubernatorial election" ]
Who were the first European to reach the original country of the film named the singer joined by Madonna on MTV Unplugged to sing and ended with ": Tongue Tied"?	Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland	[ "Island", "ISL", "Iceland", "is" ]	Title: Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied Passage: Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied (alternatively titled Miley) is an American short film directed by photographer Quentin Jones and starring recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released on May 1, 2014, by the lifestyle website Nowness, although it had been previously used for the introduction of her headlining Bangerz Tour. The black-and-white video displays a topless Cyrus engaging in several sadomasochistic behaviors. Contemporary critics compared "Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied" to earlier music videos by recording artist Madonna and the erotic novel "Fifty Shades of Grey" (2011), and agreed that it continued to solidify the sexually-explicit public image she had cultivated in 2013. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: From the beginning of 2014, Madonna began to make multiple media appearances. She appeared at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in January 2014, performing "Open Your Heart" alongside rappers Macklemore & Ryan Lewis and singer Mary Lambert, who sang their single "Same Love", as 33 couples were wed onstage, officiated by Queen Latifah. Days later, she joined singer Miley Cyrus on her MTV Unplugged special, singing a mash-up of "Don't Tell Me" and Cyrus' single "We Can't Stop" (2013). She also extended her business ventures and in February 2014 the singer premiered MDNA Skin, a range of skin care products, in Tokyo, Japan. After visiting her hometown of Detroit during May 2014, Madonna decided to contribute funds to three of the city's organizations, to help eliminate poverty from there. The singer released a statement saying that she was inspired by their work, adding that "it was obvious to me that I had to get involved and be part of the solution to help Detroit recover". Title: Exploration of North America Passage: According to the Sagas of Icelanders, Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. Erik the Red explored and settled southwestern Greenland, which he named to Garrett Spears potential Icelandic settlers, eventually establishing the Eastern and Western Settlements, which were abandoned around 1350. Title: Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour Passage: Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour (also known as the Foreign Affair World Tour) was the fifth concert tour of American singer, Tina Turner. The tour supported her seventh studio album "Foreign Affair". The tour was Turner's first stadium tour and only reached European countries. Overall, the tour drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by The Rolling Stones.	[ "Exploration of North America", "Madonna (entertainer)", "Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied" ]
What is the debt-to-GDP ratio in one of the richest countries in Africa?	11 percent	[]	Title: Namibia Passage: About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food. Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in rural areas and exist on a subsistence way of life. Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cash-less economy. The inequality figures thus take into account people who do not actually rely on the formal economy for their survival. Although arable land accounts for only 1% of Namibia, nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture. Title: List of African countries by GDP (PPP) Passage: Region Rank Country 2015 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars -- Africa 5,736,700 Nigeria 1,192.00 Egypt 995.97 South Africa 724.01 Algeria 570.64 Morocco 274.53 6 Angola 185.25 7 Sudan 167.42 8 Ethiopia 159.22 9 Tanzania 150.4 10 Kenya 143.05 11 Tunisia 127.21 12 Ghana 113.35 13 Libya 92.88 14 Uganda 79.75 15 Ivory Coast 78.34 16 Cameroon 72.11 17 Zambia 64.65 18 Democratic Republic of the Congo 63.27 19 Botswana 37.16 20 Senegal 36.30 21 Madagascar 35.56 22 Gabon 34.41 23 Chad 33.73 24 Mozambique 32.00 25 Burkina Faso 31.18 26 Mali 29.15 27 Zimbabwe 28.90 28 Republic of the Congo 27.92 29 Equatorial Guinea 25.94 30 Mauritius 24.84 31 Namibia 24.51 32 Benin 21.16 33 Malawi 20.56 34 Rwanda 20.32 35 Niger 18.96 36 Mauritania 16.43 37 Guinea 15.28 38 Swaziland 10.87 39 Togo 10.82 40 Eritrea 7.94 41 Burundi 7.88 42 Somalia 5.90 43 Lesotho 5.78 44 Gambia 3.27 45 Liberia 3.78 46 Cape Verde 3.48 47 Djibouti 3.09 48 Seychelles 2.53 49 Guinea - Bissau 1.94 50 Central African Republic 1.62 51 Comoros 1.21 52 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.66 Title: Nigeria Passage: As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations. Title: National debt of the United States Passage: As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.3 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion).	[ "Nigeria", "List of African countries by GDP (PPP)" ]
When did the country the Allies went to after the area under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa become an Ally in WWII?	July 1943	[]	Title: Near East Passage: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. Title: Military history of Italy during World War II Passage: The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. The imperial ambitions of the Fascist regime, which aspired to restore the Roman Empire in North Africa and the Mediterranean (the Mare Nostrum, or the Italian Empire), were partially met with the annexation of Albania and the Province of Ljubljana, and the occupation of British Somaliland and other territories, but ultimately collapsed after defeats in the East and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign. The northern half of the country was occupied by Germans with the fascists help and made a collaborationist puppet state (with more than 600,000 soldiers), while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces, which fought for the Allied cause as the Italian Co-Belligerent Army (at its height numbering more than 50,000 men), helped by circa 350,000 partisans of disparate political ideologies that operated all over Italy. Title: North African campaign Passage: Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Title: Western Allied invasion of Germany Passage: The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. This is known as the ``Central Europe Campaign ''in United States military histories.	[ "Near East", "North African campaign", "Military history of Italy during World War II" ]
In what region of the country also known as .ao was the German campaign?	Portuguese Angola	[]	Title: Battle of Kusseri Passage: The Battle of Kusseri between German and French forces took place from late August to 25 September 1914 in Kusseri, northeastern Kamerun during the Kamerun Campaign of World War I. The action resulted in the French capture of the Kusseri fort and the German garrison's retreat to Mora. Title: .ao Passage: .ao is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Angola. It is administered by the college of engineering of the University of Agostinho Neto. Title: German campaign in Angola Passage: Before the official declaration of war between Germany and Portugal (March 1916), German and Portuguese troops clashed several times on the border between German South West Africa and Portuguese Angola. The Germans won most of these clashes and were able to occupy the Humbe region of southern Angola until Portuguese control was restored a few days before the British campaign out of South Africa defeated the Germans. Title: Alsace Passage: During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.	[ "German campaign in Angola", ".ao" ]
Which mountain range separates Kinnaur and Spiti from the country to which the Yongle emperor sent Yang Sanbao?	Himalaya mountains	[ "Himalaya", "Himalayas", "Himalaya Mountains" ]	Title: Tatlatui Range Passage: The Tatlatui Range is a large and very alpine mountain range on the east flank of the upper Skeena River in northern British Columbia, Canada. It has an area of 2307 km and is a subrange of the Omineca Mountains which in turn form part of the Interior Mountains. The range features several lakes, the largest of which, Thutade Lake, is at the head of the Finlay River, and is considered the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. Tatlatui Lake, the next largest lake in the range, to the northwest of Thutade Lake, is at the head of the Firesteel River, a tributary of the Finlay. Various summits of the range, which as described separates the Pacific and Arctic drainages, form part of the Continental Divide. Most of the range and its lakes are in Tatlatui Provincial Park. Title: Spiti Valley Passage: The Spiti Valley is a cold desert mountain valley located high in the Himalaya mountains in the north - eastern part of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The name ``Spiti ''means`` The Middle Land'', i.e. the land between Tibet and India. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times "engaged in armed confrontation with them." Title: Fulhorn Passage: The Fulhorn is a mountain of the Plessur Alps, overlooking Churwalden in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range separating the Domleschg from Lenzerheide.	[ "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "Spiti Valley" ]
in 2014, what was the estimated population of Oklahoma's largest city?	620,602	[]	Title: Oklahoma Passage: In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state. Title: Sugar Hill, Georgia Passage: Sugar Hill is a city in northern Gwinnett County in the U.S. state of Georgia and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. The population was 18,522 as of the 2010 census, making it the fourth-largest city in Gwinnett County. As of 2015, the estimated population was 21,747. Title: Kaysville, Utah Passage: Kaysville is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 27,300 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 29,494 in 2014. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: Oklahoma City has experienced significant population increases since the late 1990s. In May 2014, the U.S. Census announced Oklahoma City had an estimated population of 620,602 in 2014 and that it had grown 5.3 percent between April 2010 and June 2013. Since the official Census in 2000, Oklahoma City had grown 21 percent (a 114,470 raw increase) according to the Bureau estimates. The 2014 estimate of 620,602 is the largest population Oklahoma City has ever recorded. It is the first city in the state to record a population greater than 600,000 residents and the largest municipal population of the Great Plains region (OK, KS, NE, SD, ND).	[ "Oklahoma City", "Oklahoma" ]
Who is the current leader of opposition in the country Jal Fresh broadcasts to?	Winnie Kiiza	[]	Title: Liberal Party of Australia Passage: In South Australia, initially a Liberal and Country Party affiliated party, the Liberal and Country League (LCL), mostly led by Premier of South Australia Tom Playford, was in power from the 1933 election to the 1965 election, though with assistance from an electoral malapportionment, or gerrymander, known as the Playmander. The LCL's Steele Hall governed for one term from the 1968 election to the 1970 election and during this time began the process of dismantling the Playmander. David Tonkin, as leader of the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia, became Premier at the 1979 election for one term, losing office at the 1982 election. The Liberals returned to power at the 1993 election, led by Premiers Dean Brown, John Olsen and Rob Kerin through two terms, until their defeat at the 2002 election. They have since remained in opposition under a record five Opposition Leaders. Title: Battle of the Bridges Passage: The Battle of the Bridges or Kuwaiti Bridges (), also known as the Battle of Jal al Atraf, was a battle that took place on 2 August 1990, in Kuwait following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Title: Leader of Opposition (Uganda) Passage: The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA. Title: Jal Fresh Passage: Jal Fresh is a radio station based out of Gulu, Uganda. Playing mainly RnB and hip-hop, they were Gulu's first English speaking station.	[ "Jal Fresh", "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)" ]
When is the next gubernatorial election in the state where Motley Slough Bridge is located?	November 5, 2019	[]	Title: Motley Slough Bridge Passage: Motley Slough Bridge is a small bridge designated a Mississippi Landmark and on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, located in Lowndes County, Mississippi. It is a single span iron Pratt pony truss bridge built in 1920. It "embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction.". Title: William Stratton Passage: Born February 26, 1914 in Ingleside, Lake County, Illinois, the son of William J. Stratton, an Illinois politician, and Zula Van Wormer Stratton, he served two non-consecutive terms as an at-large Congressman from Illinois, elected in 1940 and 1946. He was elected State Treasurer in 1942 and 1950. He won the Republican nomination for governor in 1952, then defeated Lt. Governor Sherwood Dixon to become the youngest governor in America at that time. Stratton was re-elected governor in 1956. In 1960 he ran for an unprecedented third consecutive term, but was defeated by Democrat Otto Kerner, Jr. Title: Tee Pee City, Texas Passage: Tee Pee City is a ghost town located in eastern Motley County near Matador, Texas. The ghost town is near the confluence of Tee Pee Creek and the Middle Pease River in eastern Motley County. The site, originally a Comanche campground, derived its name from the numerous teepee poles found up and down the creek by early settlers. Title: 2019 Mississippi gubernatorial election Passage: The 2019 Mississippi gubernatorial election will take place on November 5, 2019 to choose the next Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Republican Governor Phil Bryant is ineligible to run for a third term due to term limits.	[ "2019 Mississippi gubernatorial election", "Motley Slough Bridge" ]
The Crawford House was what type of business in the place where the artist behind Jyothi was born?	hotels	[ "Hotel", "hotel" ]	Title: Joe Gordon (musician) Passage: His first professional gigs were in Boston in 1947; he played with Georgie Auld, Charlie Mariano, Lionel Hampton, Charlie Parker (1953–55 intermittently), Art Blakey (1954), and Don Redman. Title: Our Dancing Daughters Passage: Our Dancing Daughters is a 1928 American silent drama film starring Joan Crawford and John Mack Brown about the "loosening of youth morals" that took place during the 1920s. The film was directed by Harry Beaumont and produced by Hunt Stromberg. This was the film that made Joan Crawford a major star, a position she held for the following half century. Title: Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts) Passage: The Crawford House was a hotel and restaurant in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Located on Court and Brattle Streets in Scollay Square, it was in operation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was for a time among the leading hotels in the city. The building was demolished in 1962 as part of the Government Center project. Title: Jyothi (album) Passage: Jyothi is an album by American jazz alto saxophonist Charlie Mariano and The Karnataka College of Percussion featuring R. A. Ramamani recorded in 1983 and released on the ECM label.	[ "Joe Gordon (musician)", "Jyothi (album)", "Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts)" ]
What college did the author of The Soul of Man under Socialism attend?	Trinity College	[]	Title: The Soul of Man under Socialism Passage: "The Soul of Man under Socialism" is an 1891 essay by Oscar Wilde in which he expounds a libertarian socialist worldview and a critique of charity. The writing of "The Soul of Man" followed Wilde's conversion to anarchist philosophy, following his reading of the works of Peter Kropotkin. Title: The Soul Man! Passage: The Soul Man! is an album by American jazz pianist Bobby Timmons recorded in 1966 and released on the Prestige Records. Title: Avicenna Passage: While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" – literally falling man – thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul. Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the soul is a substance, and claimed humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in a situation that prevents all sensory data input. The thought experiment told its readers to imagine themselves created all at once while suspended in the air, isolated from all sensations, which includes no sensory contact with even their own bodies. He argued that, in this scenario, one would still have self-consciousness. Because it is conceivable that a person, suspended in air while cut off from sense experience, would still be capable of determining his own existence, the thought experiment points to the conclusions that the soul is a perfection, independent of the body, and an immaterial substance. The conceivability of this "Floating Man" indicates that the soul is perceived intellectually, which entails the soul's separateness from the body. Avicenna referred to the living human intelligence, particularly the active intellect, which he believed to be the hypostasis by which God communicates truth to the human mind and imparts order and intelligibility to nature. Following is an English translation of the argument: Title: Oscar Wilde Passage: Oscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin (now home of the Oscar Wilde Centre, Trinity College), the second of three children born to Sir William Wilde and Jane Wilde, two years behind William ("Willie"). Wilde's mother had distant Italian ancestry, and under the pseudonym ""Speranza"" (the Italian word for 'hope'), wrote poetry for the revolutionary Young Irelanders in 1848; she was a lifelong Irish nationalist. She read the Young Irelanders' poetry to Oscar and Willie, inculcating a love of these poets in her sons. Lady Wilde's interest in the neo-classical revival showed in the paintings and busts of ancient Greece and Rome in her home.	[ "The Soul of Man under Socialism", "Oscar Wilde" ]
When did Chopin's family move to the city Bolesław Leśmian lived in at the time of his death?	October 1810	[]	Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7] Title: Bolesław Leśmian Passage: Bolesław Leśmian was born January 22, 1877 in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire to a family of Polonized Jewish intelligentsia. He spent his childhood and youth in Kiev, where he graduated from the law faculty of Saint Vladimir University. In 1901, he returned to Warsaw. From there, he set off on a journey to various European cities, including Munich and Paris, where he married a painter, Zofia Chylińska. Heavily influenced by French modernists, Leśmian returned to Warsaw, where he became one of the founders of an experimental "Artistic Theatre". There he also met one of his closest friends, Zenon Przesmycki, with whom he became involved in the publication of "Chimera", an art newspaper. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses. Title: Jules Regnault Passage: During the first years of his life, Jules Regnault lived in the département du Nord (France) where his father worked. When his father died on January 16, 1846, in Paris, his family moved to Brussels, where Odilon, Jules’ brother, became a writer and a student at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in advanced mathematics. Jules’ family was not rich, and consequently, Odilon was except from serving in the military service and from paying his University registration. At the beginning of the 1860s, the two brothers moved to Paris and became brokers. In all probability, when Jules and Odilon arrived in Paris, their financial resources were low because they lived in one (or two) garret room(s), for which no tax had to be paid. However, Jules Regnault became a millionaire.	[ "Bolesław Leśmian", "Frédéric Chopin" ]
When was Wufeng district's country ceded to Japan?	First Sino-Japanese	[ "First Sino-Japanese War" ]	Title: Wufeng District Passage: Wufeng is a mainly agricultural town. It was heavily damaged by the Jiji earthquake on 21 September 1999, which caused around 100 deaths in the town. The 921 Earthquake Museum of Taiwan, which commemorates the giant quake, is built at what was formerly Guangfu Junior High School, which was destroyed when part of the school was uplifted by the Chelungpu Fault during the quake. Title: The Jade Trilogy Passage: The Jade Trilogy is a set of three fantasy novels written by Japanese award-winning fantasy writer Noriko Ogiwara. The trilogy consists of the original novel and its two sequels. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798. Title: Bank of China Tower, Shanghai Passage: The Shanghai Bank of China Tower (), is a 53-story tower in the Pudong District, Shanghai, China. It was built for the Bank of China by the Japanese architectural firm Nikken Sekkei.	[ "Qing dynasty", "Wufeng District" ]
How old did the president who was a cast member in Code of the Secret Service turn soon after starting his second term in office?	74	[]	Title: Police Passage: In 1789 the U.S. Marshals Service was established, followed by other federal services such as the U.S. Parks Police (1791) and U.S. Mint Police (1792). The first city police services were established in Philadelphia in 1751, Richmond, Virginia in 1807, Boston in 1838, and New York in 1845. The U.S. Secret Service was founded in 1865 and was for some time the main investigative body for the federal government. Title: The Sun (United Kingdom) Passage: These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?" A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985. Title: United States presidential election Passage: The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty - Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner. Title: Code of the Secret Service Passage: Code of the Secret Service is a 1939 film directed by Noel M. Smith and starring Ronald Reagan. It is the second of four films in the U.S. Secret Service Agent Brass Bancroft series, having been preceded by "Secret Service of the Air" (1939) and followed by "Smashing the Money Ring" (1939) and "Murder in the Air" (1940).	[ "Code of the Secret Service", "The Sun (United Kingdom)" ]
The organization which authorized troops to follow North Korean forces north recognizes how many regions on the continent containing Igor Sacharow-Ross's birthplace?	53 member states	[]	Title: Igor Sacharow-Ross Passage: Igor Sacharow-Ross (born 1947 in Khabarovsk) is a German-Russian visual artist who works in Cologne and Munich. He is considered a pioneer in the realm of interdisciplinary art. Title: Korean War Passage: By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. The X Corps landed at Wonsan (in southeastern North Korea) and Riwon (in northeastern North Korea), already captured by ROK forces. The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city, the North Korean capital, on 19 October 1950. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team ("Rakkasans") made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon. The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang; and to rescue American prisoners of war. At month's end, UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war. As they neared the Sino-Korean border, the UN forces in the west were divided from those in the east by 50–100 miles of mountainous terrain. Title: Khabarovsk Passage: Khabarovsk is served by the Khabarovsk Novy Airport with international flights to East Asia, Southeast Asia, European Russia, and Central Asia. Title: United Nations Regional Groups Passage: the African Group, with 54 member states the Asia - Pacific Group, with 53 member states the Eastern European Group, with 23 member states the Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC), with 33 member states the Western European and Others Group (WEOG), with 28 member states, plus 1 member state (the United States) as an observer state.	[ "United Nations Regional Groups", "Igor Sacharow-Ross", "Khabarovsk", "Korean War" ]
What agency consists of the Science Museum in Alberto Lista's birth place?	Spanish National Research Council	[ "CSIC" ]	Title: La Casa de la Ciencia de Sevilla - Science Museum Passage: Along with a museum, the building houses the Andalusian headquarters of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). CSIC is the largest public institution devoted to research in Spain, and the third largest in Europe. The building was opened to the public in 2008, with the goal of sharing knowledge acquired through scientific research. La Casa de la Ciencia aims to be a bridge between the scientific research community and the public, sharing contemporary scientific research and information on environmental issues. Title: Alberto Lista Passage: He began teaching at the age of fifteen, and when little over twenty was made professor of elocution and poetry at the University of Seville. In 1813 he was exiled, on political grounds, but pardoned in 1817. He then returned to Spain and, after teaching for three years at Bilbao, started a critical review at Madrid. Shortly afterwards he founded the celebrated college of San Mateo in that city. The liberal character of the San Mateo educational system was not favored by the government, and in 1823 the college was closed. Title: Big Valley Creation Science Museum Passage: The Big Valley Creation Science Museum is a museum in Big Valley, Alberta, Canada, dedicated to promoting young-earth creationism as a faith-based alternative to biological evolution as presented by the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, also in Alberta, to the south. It is Canada's first permanent creation museum. Title: D'Albertis Castle Passage: The Castello d'Albertis, or D'Albertis Castle is a historical residence in Genoa, north-western Italy. It was the home of sea captain Enrico Alberto d'Albertis, and was donated to the city of Genoa on his death in 1932. It currently houses the Museo delle Culture del Mondo (Museum of World Cultures), inaugurated in 2004.	[ "Alberto Lista", "La Casa de la Ciencia de Sevilla - Science Museum" ]
How many slaves were imported by the country in which race was "Biologized"?	5.5 million	[]	Title: Black people Passage: Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Basically, race in Brazil was "biologized", but in a way that recognized the difference between ancestry (which determines genotype) and phenotypic differences. There, racial identity was not governed by rigid descent rule, such as the one-drop rule, as it was in the United States. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both parents, nor were there only a very limited number of categories to choose from, to the extent that full siblings can pertain to different racial groups. Title: Black people Passage: Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or "mother of a child", a status that granted her privileged rights. The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers' social status at birth and were born free. Title: Black people Passage: Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 million, the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland with 1.59 million Africans, and the French Caribbean with 1.32 million. Today their descendants number approximately 150 million in South America and the Caribbean. In addition to skin color, other physical characteristics such as facial features and hair texture are often variously used in classifying peoples as black in South America and the Caribbean. In South America and the Caribbean, classification as black is also closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables, especially in light of social conceptions of "blanqueamiento" (racial whitening) and related concepts.	[ "Black people", "Race (human categorization)" ]
When did the capital of Virginia move from the birthplace of Willie Ramsdell to the city which shares a county with Montrose?	1779	[]	Title: Capitol (Williamsburg, Virginia) Passage: The Capitol at Williamsburg, Virginia housed the House of Burgesses of the Colony of Virginia from 1705, when the capital was relocated there from Jamestown, until 1779, when the capital was relocated to Richmond. Two capitol buildings served the colony on the same site: the first from 1705 until its destruction by fire in 1747; the second from 1753 to 1779. Title: Willie Ramsdell Passage: James Willard Ramsdell (April 4, 1916 – October 8, 1969) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. Born in Williamsburg, Kansas, he pitched from 1947 to 1952 for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Cincinnati Reds and Chicago Cubs. Title: Henrico County, Virginia Passage: Richmond Raceway is in the central portion of Henrico County near Mechanicsville, just north of the Richmond city limits. The raceway seats approximately 60,000 people and holds two NASCAR doubleheader race weekends per year. Additionally, Richmond International Airport is located in the eastern portion of Henrico County in Sandston. Top private employers in the county include Capital One, Bon Secours Richmond Health System, and Anthem. Title: Montrose, Virginia Passage: Montrose is a census-designated place (CDP) in Henrico County, Virginia, United States. The population was 7,993 at the 2010 census.	[ "Montrose, Virginia", "Willie Ramsdell", "Henrico County, Virginia", "Capitol (Williamsburg, Virginia)" ]
The 1998 Tour of the country Boesingheliede is located is part of what?	Ronde van Nederland	[ "season" ]	Title: Aerosmith World Tour 2007 Passage: Aerosmith World Tour 2007 (or The Tour Heard 'Round the World) was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that saw the band performing outside North America or Japan for the first time in about eight years (since the Nine Lives Tour), and in some countries, the first time in 14 years (since the Get a Grip Tour). As part of the tour, the band also visited some countries for the first time ever, including India, the United Arab Emirates, Latvia, and Estonia. Title: Boesingheliede Passage: Boesingheliede () is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, and lies about 12 km west of Amsterdam. Title: 1998 Ronde van Nederland Passage: These are the results for the 38th edition of the Ronde van Nederland cycling race, which was held from August 25 to August 29, 1998. The race started in Naaldwijk (Zuid-Holland) and finished in Landgraaf (Limburg). Title: Holland Passage: Holland North and South Holland (in orange) shown together within the Netherlands Country Netherlands Largest settlements List (show) Amsterdam Rotterdam The Hague Haarlem Zoetermeer Dordrecht Leiden Area Total 5,488 km (2,119 sq mi) Population (January 2017) Total 6,466,735 Density 1,200 / km (3,100 / sq mi) Demonym (s) Hollander Time zone CET (UTC + 1) Summer (DST) CEST (UTC + 2)	[ "1998 Ronde van Nederland", "Boesingheliede", "Holland" ]
Who introduced the first microprocessor in 1971 for the maker of the Pentium D?	Federico Faggin	[]	Title: An Unseen Enemy Passage: An Unseen Enemy is a 1912 Biograph Company short silent film directed by D. W. Griffith, and was the first film to be made starring the actresses Lillian Gish and Dorothy Gish. A critic of the time stated that "the Gish sisters gave charming performances in this one-reel film". The film was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey where early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century. Title: Intel 4004 Passage: The chip design started in April 1970, when Federico Faggin joined Intel, and it was completed under his leadership in January 1971. The first commercial sale of the fully operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and built as a custom chip. In mid-November of the same year, with the prophetic ad ``Announcing a new era in integrated electronics '', the 4004 was made commercially available to the general market. The 4004 was the first commercially available monolithic CPU, fully integrated in one small chip. Such a feat of integration was made possible by the use of the then - new silicon gate technology for integrated circuits, originally developed by Faggin (with Tom Klein) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, which allowed twice the number of random - logic transistors and an increase in speed by a factor of five compared to the incumbent MOS aluminum gate technology. Faggin also invented the bootstrap load with silicon gate and the`` buried contact'', improving speed and circuit density compared with aluminum gate. Title: A&W Cream Soda Passage: A&W Cream Soda is a cream soda carbonated soft drink introduced by A&W Root Beer in 1986. A&W Root Beer was first sold at a Veterans Day parade in Lodi, California in 1919 and the company established in 1922 by Frank Wright and Roy Allen. The first product they created was A & W Root Beer. It was not until 1986 that A&W Brands, headquartered in White Plains, N.Y. introduced A&W Cream Soda and A&W Diet Cream Soda through its network of franchised bottlers and distributors. Although cream soda had been created in 1852 by E.M. Sheldon, A&W Brands was one of the first American companies to make it commercially. In 1993, A&W Brands was purchased by Cadbury/Schweppes, and in 1995 Cadbury/Schweppes purchased the Dr. Pepper/Seven-Up Company, which made A&W a part of the Dr. Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. In 2001, DPSU purchased the Snapple Beverage Group (formally TriArc Beverages), and moved the New York-based company operations to its new headquarters in Plano, Texas. This acquisition put A&W within the same company as the top soda brand companies and made A&W Cream Soda the top brand in cream sodas. Title: Pentium D Passage: The Pentium D brand refers to two series of desktop dual-core 64-bit x86-64 microprocessors with the NetBurst microarchitecture, which is the dual-core variant of Pentium 4 "Prescott" manufactured by Intel. Each CPU comprised two dies, each containing a single core, glued together on a multi-chip module package. The brand's first processor, codenamed Smithfield, was released by Intel on May 25, 2005. Nine months later, Intel introduced its successor, codenamed Presler, but without offering significant upgrades in design, still resulting in relatively high power consumption. By 2004, the NetBurst processors reached a clock speed barrier at 3.8 GHz due to a thermal (and power) limit exemplified by the "Presler's" 130 watt thermal design power (a higher TDP requires additional cooling that can be prohibitively noisy or expensive). The future belonged to more energy efficient and slower clocked dual-core CPUs on a single die instead of two. The final shipment date of the dual die "Presler" chips was August 8, 2008, which marked the end of the Pentium D brand and also the NetBurst microarchitecture.	[ "Pentium D", "Intel 4004" ]
In 2012 how many non-Hispanic whites lived in the city where the Awakenings' real-life neurologist worked?	2.7 million	[]	Title: Houston Passage: Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker. Title: New York City Passage: New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx. Title: The Bronx Passage: Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa. Robin Williams played the physician; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic (frozen) state. The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence. A 1973 Yorkshire Television documentary and "A Kind of Alaska", a 1985 play by Harold Pinter, were also based on Sacks' book. Title: Migraine (book) Passage: Migraine is the first book written by Oliver Sacks, a well-known neurologist and author with a practice in New York City. The book was written in 1967, mostly over a nine-day period, and first published in 1970. A revised and updated version was published in 1990. (In the 1990 revised edition, the last chapter "Migraine Aura and Hallucinatory Constants" was written in collaboration with Ralph M. Siegel.)	[ "Migraine (book)", "New York City", "The Bronx" ]
When was the start of the organization that ruled the country with Western Europe's largest Jewish community during the reign of terror?	April 1793	[]	Title: Jews Passage: Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons. Title: Reign of Terror Passage: On 6 April the Committee of Public Safety was created, which gradually became the de facto war - time government. Title: Committee of Public Safety Passage: The Committee of Public Safety (French: Comité de salut public) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793 -- 94), a stage of the French Revolution. The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence (established in January 1793) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. As a wartime measure, the Committee -- composed at first of nine, and later of twelve, members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military, judicial, and legislative efforts. It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention. As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country, it became more and more powerful. Title: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel Passage: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror.	[ "Committee of Public Safety", "Reign of Terror", "Jews" ]
How many adherents belong to the religion that subscribes to the Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra?	360 million	[]	Title: Buddhism Passage: According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia. Title: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Passage: Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970. As required by the text, after twenty - five years, NPT Parties met in May 1995 and agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely. More countries have adhered to the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the treaty's significance. As of August 2016, 191 states have adhered to the treaty, though North Korea, which acceded in 1985 but never came into compliance, announced its withdrawal from the NPT in 2003, following detonation of nuclear devices in violation of core obligations. Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT, three of which are thought to possess nuclear weapons: India, Israel, and Pakistan. In addition, South Sudan, founded in 2011, has not joined. Title: Tuberculosis Passage: One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of "TB clubs", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studies on relationship between reduced stigma and mortality are lacking as of 2010, and similar efforts to decrease stigma surrounding AIDS have been minimally effective. Some have claimed the stigma to be worse than the disease, and healthcare providers may unintentionally reinforce stigma, as those with TB are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction. Title: Buddhism Passage: According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as his aim, a bodhisattva-mahāsattva is so called."	[ "Buddhism" ]
What position was held by the president who made his stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?	Arkansas Attorney General	[]	Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: There are a multitude of supporters as well as opponents to the policy of affirmative action. Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves. Bill Clinton, however, made his stance on affirmative action very clear in a speech on July 19, 1995, nearly two and a half years after his inauguration. In his speech, he discussed the history in the United States that brought the policy into fruition: slavery, Jim Crow, and segregation. Clinton also mentioned a point similar to President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Freedom is not Enough" speech, and declared that just outlawing discrimination in the country would not be enough to give everyone in America equality. He addressed the arguments that affirmative action hurt the white middle class and said that the policy was not the source of their problems. Clinton plainly outlined his stance on affirmative action, saying: Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. "During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. "Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice." Title: Arkansas Attorney General Passage: The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the "Philadelphia Order". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Philadelphia was selected as the test case because, as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained, "The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws . . . openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle." The order included definite "goals and timetables." As President Nixon asserted, "We would not impose quotas, but would require federal contractors to show 'affirmative action' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment."	[ "Affirmative action in the United States", "Arkansas Attorney General" ]
What is the mosaic known as in the church located in the same city as the Museum for the Macedonian Struggle?	Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision)	[]	Title: Mosaic Passage: Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century. Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times. Nine mosaic panels in the Hagios Demetrios Church, which were made between 634 and 730, also escaped destruction. Unusually almost all represent Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, often with suppliants before him. Title: Mosaic Passage: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor. Title: Mosaic Passage: Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design, with strongly emphasized borders. Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl. Both of these themes were widely copied. Title: Museum for the Macedonian Struggle (Thessaloniki) Passage: The Museum for the Macedonian Struggle is located in the centre of the city Thessaloniki in Central Macedonia, Greece. It occupies a neo-classical building designed by the renowned architect Ernst Ziller and built in 1893. In its six ground-floor rooms the museum graphically illustrates the modern and contemporary history of Greek Macedonia. It presents the social, economic, political and military developments that shaped the presence of Hellenism in the region. This approach enables the visitor to form a global picture, not only of the revolutionary movements in the area, but also of the rapidly changing society of the southern Balkans and its agonizing struggles to balance between tradition and modernization.	[ "Museum for the Macedonian Struggle (Thessaloniki)", "Mosaic" ]
Who is the President of the richest country in Africa?	Goodluck Jonathan	[]	Title: Portugal Passage: This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire. Title: List of African countries by GDP (PPP) Passage: Region Rank Country 2015 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars -- Africa 5,736,700 Nigeria 1,192.00 Egypt 995.97 South Africa 724.01 Algeria 570.64 Morocco 274.53 6 Angola 185.25 7 Sudan 167.42 8 Ethiopia 159.22 9 Tanzania 150.4 10 Kenya 143.05 11 Tunisia 127.21 12 Ghana 113.35 13 Libya 92.88 14 Uganda 79.75 15 Ivory Coast 78.34 16 Cameroon 72.11 17 Zambia 64.65 18 Democratic Republic of the Congo 63.27 19 Botswana 37.16 20 Senegal 36.30 21 Madagascar 35.56 22 Gabon 34.41 23 Chad 33.73 24 Mozambique 32.00 25 Burkina Faso 31.18 26 Mali 29.15 27 Zimbabwe 28.90 28 Republic of the Congo 27.92 29 Equatorial Guinea 25.94 30 Mauritius 24.84 31 Namibia 24.51 32 Benin 21.16 33 Malawi 20.56 34 Rwanda 20.32 35 Niger 18.96 36 Mauritania 16.43 37 Guinea 15.28 38 Swaziland 10.87 39 Togo 10.82 40 Eritrea 7.94 41 Burundi 7.88 42 Somalia 5.90 43 Lesotho 5.78 44 Gambia 3.27 45 Liberia 3.78 46 Cape Verde 3.48 47 Djibouti 3.09 48 Seychelles 2.53 49 Guinea - Bissau 1.94 50 Central African Republic 1.62 51 Comoros 1.21 52 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.66 Title: Nigeria Passage: Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries. Title: Pierre Grimod du Fort Passage: Pierre Grimod du Fort (1692 – October 1748) was a fermier général and art collector under Louis XV, and a member of the Grimaud, or Grimod, family. One of the richest fermiers, he was also superintendent of the Post Office.	[ "Nigeria", "List of African countries by GDP (PPP)" ]
What year did voters in the state where Be Careful What You Wish For was filmed, once again vote for a member of the party that Sylvester Turner belongs to?	2008	[]	Title: Careful What You Wish For (film) Passage: Production on the film began on April 22, 2013, in North Carolina, and concluded in May 2013. The film was partially financed by $1,193,150 (approximately 25% of the film's costs) in film production tax credits allocated by the State of North Carolina's Department of Revenue. Title: Houston Passage: The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party. All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election. In partisan elections for the Washington State Legislature and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by Democrats. Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes. It has also elected an openly gay mayor, Ed Murray, and a socialist councillor, Kshama Sawant. For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991. The majority of the current city council is female, while white men comprise a minority. Title: North Carolina Passage: North Carolina's party loyalties have undergone a series of important shifts in the last few years: While the 2010 midterms saw Tar Heel voters elect a bicameral Republican majority legislature for the first time in over a century, North Carolina has also become a Southern swing state in presidential races. Since Southern Democrat Jimmy Carter's comfortable victory in the state in 1976, the state had consistently leaned Republican in presidential elections until Democrat Barack Obama narrowly won the state in 2008. In the 1990s, Democrat Bill Clinton came within a point of winning the state in 1992 and also only narrowly lost the state in 1996. In the early 2000s, Republican George W. Bush easily won the state by over 12 points, but by 2008, demographic shifts, population growth, and increased liberalization in heavily populated areas such as the Research Triangle, Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville, and Asheville, propelled Barack Obama to victory in North Carolina, the first Democrat to win the state since 1976. In 2012, North Carolina was again considered a competitive swing state, with the Democrats even holding their 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. However, Republican Mitt Romney ultimately eked out a 2-point win in North Carolina, the only 2012 swing state that Obama lost, and one of only two states (along with Indiana) to flip from Obama in 2008 to the GOP in 2012.	[ "Houston", "Careful What You Wish For (film)", "North Carolina" ]
What's the term of an official in the institute that chose the president in 1824 under the entity where you cannot find the phrase "Wall of separation" according to Stewary?	Two years	[]	Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution." Title: Internet of things Passage: The term ``Internet of things ''was likely coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's Auto - ID Center, in 1999, though he prefers the phrase`` Internet for things''. At that point, he viewed Radio - frequency identification (RFID) as essential to the Internet of things, which would allow computers to manage all individual things. Title: United States House of Representatives Passage: United States House of Representatives 115th United States Congress Seal of the House Flag of the U.S. House of Representatives Type Type Lower house of the United States Congress Term limits None History New session started January 3, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 03) Leadership Speaker Paul Ryan (R) Since October 29, 2015 Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D) Since January 3, 2011 Majority Whip Steve Scalise (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D) Since January 3, 2011 Structure Seats 435 voting members 6 non-voting members 218 needed for control Political groups Majority (238) Republican (238) Minority (193) Democratic (193) Vacant (4) Vacant (4) Length of term Two years Elections Voting system First - past - the - post in most states; nonpartisan blanket primary with a majoritarian second round in 3 states Last election November 8, 2016 Next election November 6, 2018 Redistricting State legislatures or redistricting commissions, varies by state Meeting place House of Representatives chamber United States Capitol Washington, D.C., United States Website www.house.gov Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.	[ "Separation of church and state in the United States", "United States House of Representatives", "1824 United States presidential election" ]
When did the military branch Henry Worsley served in start using the SA80?	1987	[]	Title: Miller Worsley Passage: Miller Worsley (8 July 1791 – 2 May 1835) was an officer in the Royal Navy, best known for playing a major part in the Engagements on Lake Huron in the Anglo-American War of 1812. Title: Henry Worsley (British Army officer) Passage: Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Worsley CB (February 1783−1820) was a British Army officer. He was the third son of James Worsley (1748−1798), rector of Gatcombe on the Isle of Wight, by his wife, Ann Hayles. Title: SA80 Passage: The SA80 is a British family of 5.56 × 45mm NATO small arms, all of which are selective fire, gas - operated assault rifle s. The L85 rifle variant of the SA80 family has been the standard issue service rifle of the British Armed Forces since 1987, replacing the L1A1 variant of the FN FAL. The first prototypes were created in 1976, with production ending in 1994. The A1 variant was significantly upgraded in the early 2000s by Heckler & Koch as the SA80A2 and remains in service as of 2017. In mid-2016 a prototype A3 variant was showcased which further improved on the weapon and is reportedly being considered to extend the out of service date beyond 2025. Title: USNS Henry J. Kaiser (T-AO-187) Passage: USNS "Henry J. Kaiser" (T-AO-187) is a United States Navy replenishment oiler and the lead ship of her class. She is operated by Military Sealift Command and therefore has a "USNS" prefix for United States Naval Ship. She is named for Henry J. Kaiser (1882–1967), an American industrialist and shipbuilder.	[ "Henry Worsley (British Army officer)", "SA80" ]
When did the body of water that contains the Breaksea Islands become a thing?	the 1770s	[]	Title: Southern Ocean Passage: By way of his voyages in the 1770s, Captain James Cook proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. Since then, geographers have disagreed on the Southern Ocean's northern boundary or even existence, considering the waters as various parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, instead. However, according to Commodore John Leech of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), this situation has no scientific sense since it has different ecosystem and life from the three oceans mentioned before and is located on a southern portion of Earth, hence the name of an ocean. This remains the current official policy of the IHO, since a 2000 revision of its definitions including the Southern Ocean as the waters south of the 60th parallel has not yet been adopted. Others regard the seasonally - fluctuating Antarctic Convergence as the natural boundary. Title: Breaksea Islands (Tasmania) Passage: The Breaksea Islands Group is a group of six islands, located in the Southern Ocean, off the south western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Title: The State of Massachusetts Passage: "The State of Massachusetts" is a song by American rock band Dropkick Murphys. It was released on February 4, 2008 as the lead single from their sixth studio album, "The Meanest of Times". The song is about the effects of drugs on individuals and their families. "The State of Massachusetts" was one of the 100-most-played songs on U.S. modern rock radio in October 2007. By January 2008, the song had become one of the 60-most-played alternative rock songs in the United States. The song was #83 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. It is the theme song to the MTV show "Nitro Circus". The music video was filmed on location in the unused and abandoned Curley Auditorium on the Long Island Health Campus in Boston Harbor. The auditorium is located right next to one of the City of Boston's largest emergency homeless shelters, the Long Island Shelter. Title: Vile Bodies Passage: Vile Bodies is a 1930 novel by Evelyn Waugh satirising the bright young things: decadent young London society after World War I.	[ "Breaksea Islands (Tasmania)", "Southern Ocean" ]
What fragrance was created by the singer of Beautiful, Dirty, Rich?	Lady Gaga Fame	[]	Title: Lady Gaga Fame Passage: Lady Gaga Fame is the first fragrance created by American singer Lady Gaga. A Unisex fragrance, it was released in Guggenheim Museum and in Macy's stores in the United States and a range of different stores in the United Kingdom on August 22, 2012, and worldwide in September through the singer's Haus Laboratories label in association with Coty, Inc. According to promotional materials, the perfume uses "push-pull technology", rather than the pyramidal structure traditional of perfumes, to combine notes of "atropa belladonna", tiger orchid, incense, apricot, saffron and honey. As of 2013, the perfume has sold more than 30 million bottles and has earned more than 1.5 billion dollars worldwide. Title: Magnum Force Passage: Magnum Force is a 1973 American action thriller and the second to feature Clint Eastwood as maverick cop Harry Callahan, after the 1971 film "Dirty Harry". Ted Post, who also directed Eastwood in the television series "Rawhide" and the feature film "Hang 'Em High", directed this second installment in the "Dirty Harry" film series. The screenplay was written by John Milius (who provided an uncredited rewrite for the original film) and Michael Cimino. The film score was once again composed by Lalo Schifrin. This film features early appearances by David Soul, Tim Matheson and Robert Urich. At 124 minutes, it is also the longest "Dirty Harry" film. Title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack) Passage: Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official soundtrack album to the 1991 Disney animated feature film, Beauty and the Beast. Originally released on October 24, 1991, by Walt Disney Records, the album's first half -- tracks 2 to 9 -- generally contains the film's musical number s, all of which were written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman, while its latter half -- tracks 10 to 14 -- features its musical score, composed solely by Menken. While the majority of the album's content remains within the musical theatre genre, its songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack features performances by the film's main cast -- Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson -- in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, ``Beauty and the Beast '', which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single. Title: Beautiful, Dirty, Rich Passage: "Beautiful, Dirty, Rich" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her debut studio album, "The Fame" (2008). It was released as a promotional single from the album on September 16, 2008. It is an uptempo dance-pop song that makes heavy use of synthesizers, and is lyrically about Gaga's experiences as a struggling artist in the Lower East Side. She wrote the song while she was, as she says, "doing a lot of drugs" and "trying to figure things out."	[ "Beautiful, Dirty, Rich", "Lady Gaga Fame" ]
When did the sport Alex Coomber competes in become an Olympic sport?	1928	[]	Title: Skeleton at the Winter Olympics Passage: Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head - first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport. Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. Skeleton is so - named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton. Title: Sport Passage: A wide range of sports were already established by the time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of sport in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought increased leisure time, letting people attend and follow spectator sports and participate in athletic activities. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans followed the exploits of professional athletes – all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been increasing debate about whether transgender sportspersons should be able to participate in sport events that conform with their post-transition gender identity. Title: Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics Passage: Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona. Title: Alex Coomber Passage: Alexandra Coomber (née Hamilton; born 28 December 1973) is a British skeleton racer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She won the bronze medal in the women's skeleton event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, while competing with a broken wrist, having broken it in training 10 days prior to her race.	[ "Alex Coomber", "Skeleton at the Winter Olympics" ]
When did the people who risked changing their normal war tactics give up trying to recapture Henderson Field?	February 1943	[]	Title: Pacific War Passage: With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition on land, at sea, and in the sky. Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in numerous engagements with the Allied air forces based at Henderson Field as well as carrier based aircraft. Meanwhile, Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field, in which they suffered appalling casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the "Tokyo Express" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces in which they expended destroyers that the IJN could ill-afford to lose. Later fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as "Ironbottom Sound" from the multitude of ships sunk on both sides. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. Finally recognizing that the campaign to recapture Henderson Field and secure Guadalcanal had simply become too costly to continue, the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943. In the sixth month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time. Title: Tomorrow series Passage: Book four, Darkness, Be My Friend, takes place several months later. The group is trying to live a normal life in New Zealand with other refugees, but are haunted by their memories of the war (which is still ongoing). They are approached by the New Zealand Defence Force, who are seeking Australian guerrillas to act as guides for saboteur units that are being dropped into occupied Australian territory. The group returns to Wirrawee, their hometown, accompanied by a platoon of New Zealand troops. However the New Zealanders go missing while on a mission to destroy Wirrawee Airfield (which is being used as a major military airbase). Alone behind enemy lines once more, the group decides to attack the Airfield themselves but a combination of poor planning and bad luck causes them to fail. They return, depressed, to Hell. Title: Guadalcanal campaign Passage: Despite the U.S. victory off Cape Esperance, the Japanese continued with plans and preparations for their large offensive scheduled for later in October. The Japanese decided to risk a one-time departure from their usual practice of only using fast warships to deliver their men and matériel to the island. On 13 October, a convoy comprising six cargo ships with eight screening destroyers departed the Shortland Islands for Guadalcanal. The convoy carried 4,500 troops from the 16th and 230th Infantry Regiments, some naval marines, two batteries of heavy artillery, and one company of tanks. Title: Samuel Theis Passage: Samuel Theis (born 12 November 1978) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter. He was awarded the Camera d'Or prize along with Claire Burger and Marie Amachoukeli for directing the film "Party Girl" at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.	[ "Guadalcanal campaign", "Pacific War" ]
Where was the developer of the theory of pangenesis educated?	University of Edinburgh	[ "Edinburgh University", "The University of Edinburgh" ]	Title: Robert Jameson Passage: As Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh for fifty years, Jameson is notable for his advanced scholarship, his superb museum collection and for his tuition of Charles Darwin. Jameson was not at his best in the lecture theatre however, and, for the first half of his career, he grappled with his predecessor John Walker's perverse "Neptunian" geological theories. Darwin attended Robert Jameson's natural history course at the University of Edinburgh in his teenage years, learning about stratigraphic geology and assisting with the collections of the Museum of Edinburgh University, then one of the largest in Europe. At Jameson's Wernerian Natural History Association, the young Charles Darwin saw John James Audubon give a demonstration of his method of using wires to prop up birds to draw or paint them in natural positions. Robert Jameson was the great-uncle of Sir Leander Starr Jameson, Bt, KCMG, CB, British colonial official and inspiration for the "Jameson Raid". Title: Gene Passage: Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction. Although Mendel's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866, it was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research. Title: Dmitry Vasiliyevich Ageev Passage: Dmitry Vasiliyevich Ageev (; 21 February 1911 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 31 July 1997 in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) was a Russian scientist and educator in the field of radio engineering. He developed the theory of code division of signals during the radio reception, which is the basis for the construction of cellular networks on CDMA technology. Along with Vladimir Kotelnikov, he was one of the founders of the theory of optimum noise immunity that he developed throughout life, starting with a thesis at his institute. Title: Group theory Passage: Group theory has three main historical sources: number theory, the theory of algebraic equations, and geometry. The number-theoretic strand was begun by Leonhard Euler, and developed by Gauss's work on modular arithmetic and additive and multiplicative groups related to quadratic fields. Early results about permutation groups were obtained by Lagrange, Ruffini, and Abel in their quest for general solutions of polynomial equations of high degree. Évariste Galois coined the term "group" and established a connection, now known as Galois theory, between the nascent theory of groups and field theory. In geometry, groups first became important in projective geometry and, later, non-Euclidean geometry. Felix Klein's Erlangen program proclaimed group theory to be the organizing principle of geometry.	[ "Gene", "Robert Jameson" ]
When does it start to snow in the death city of Feodor I of the country holding the exhibit of the Commission on modernization and technological development?	the beginning of November	[]	Title: Jensen 541 Passage: The Jensen 541 is an automobile which was produced by Jensen Motors from 1954 to 1959. It was first exhibited at the London Motor Show in October 1953, and production started in 1954. Title: General Satellite Passage: June 17–19, 2010During Petersburg Economic Forum, President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev visited the exhibit of the Commission on modernization and technological development of the economy of Russia, where he watched the demonstration of Corporation’s developments in the field of 3D TV, namely, the first Russian 3D channel – 3DV. Title: Climate of Moscow Passage: Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April. Title: Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) Passage: As soon as the Truce of Plussa expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law, Fyodor I of Russia, marched from Moscow towards Novgorod. On 18 January they crossed the Narva River and laid siege to the Swedish castle of Narva, commanded by Arvid Stålarm. Another important fortress, Jama (Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravaged Estonia as far as Reval (Tallinn) and Finland as far as Helsingfors (Helsinki).	[ "General Satellite", "Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)", "Climate of Moscow" ]
when did the first large winter carnival take place in the city where the 1981 screenwriter was born?	1894	[]	Title: Jarkko Määttä Passage: Määttä competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Finland. He placed 36th in the normal hill qualifying round and 32nd in the first jump of the final round, but did not advance. He then placed 33rd in the large hill qualifying round and 43rd on the first jump of the final, also failing to advance. He was also a member of the Finnish team that placed eighth in the team event. Title: Quebec Winter Carnival Passage: The Quebec Winter Carnival (French: Carnaval de Québec), commonly known in both English and French as Carnaval, is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the Carnaval de Québec has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year Bonhomme Carnaval, the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance. Up to one million people attended the Carnaval de Québec in 2006 making it the largest winter festival in the world. Title: 1981 (film) Passage: 1981, longer title "1981: L'année où je suis devenu un menteur" ("1981: The Year I Became a Liar") is a 2009 Canadian French language comedy-drama film from Quebec written and directed by Ricardo Trogi. It was released on 4 September 2009. The film is autobiographical about the youth years of the director as told by him during the film. Title: Québec-Montréal Passage: Directed by Ricardo Trogi, the film focuses on nine people, all on the cusp of turning 30 and dealing with complex questions about life and love, whose lives intersect on four separate road trips from Quebec City to Montreal along Quebec Autoroute 20. The film's cast includes Patrice Robitaille, Jean-Phillipe Pearson, Stéphane Breton, François Létourneau, Isabelle Blais, Benoît Gouin and Julie LeBreton.	[ "Quebec Winter Carnival", "Québec-Montréal", "1981 (film)" ]
In which county of the province where Jean Canfield was born can Hebron be found?	Prince County	[]	Title: Jean Canfield Passage: Ella Jean Canfield, née Garrett (October 4, 1919 – December 31, 2000) was a Canadian politician. She was the first woman ever elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, as well as the first woman to serve in the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Hebron, Prince Edward Island Passage: Hebron is a Canadian rural community in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. It is located in the township of Lot 8, Prince Edward Island, south of O'Leary.	[ "Jean Canfield", "Hebron, Prince Edward Island" ]
Which part of California is Luther Burbank's birthplace in?	Sonoma County	[ "Sonoma County, California" ]	Title: Santa Rosa, California Passage: Santa Rosa is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, California, United States. Its estimated 2014 population was 174,170. Santa Rosa is the largest city in California's Redwood Empire, Wine Country and the North Bay; the fifth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 28th most populous city in California. Title: Ohlone Park Passage: Ohlone Park is a public park in the city of Berkeley, California, United States, situated on a strip of land along the north side of Hearst Avenue between Martin Luther King Jr. Way and Sacramento Street. Directly underground is the subway used by the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont and Richmond-Daly City lines. It is part of the Ohlone Greenway. Title: Luther Burbank Rose Parade and Festival Passage: The Luther Burbank Rose Parade and Festival is an annual festival held in Santa Rosa, California celebrating Luther Burbank and his contribution to the world through a series of events. This festival has undergone changes throughout the years but has always included activities for all ages, and is now held on the third Saturday of May. In 1994 the parade became a tax-exempt corporation, no longer being run by other civic organizations. It has an annual budget of around $100,000.00 to produce the parade and festival. This is achieved through grants, donations and entrance/vendor fees. The parade is now centered on a theme that changes each year, allowing for the incorporation of new activities, displays and floats. Title: Grayson, California Passage: Grayson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County, California, United States. The population was 952 at the 2010 census, down from 1,077 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area.	[ "Luther Burbank Rose Parade and Festival", "Santa Rosa, California" ]
The Science Museum in Fernando Cuerda's birthplace is part of what?	Spanish National Research Council	[ "CSIC" ]	Title: Museum of Almería Passage: The first attempt at the creation of the Museum of Almería dates back to the 19th century. In 1880 the Belgian engineer Luis Siret found the most famous prehistoric site in this region. Due to his archaeological researches, he developed a significant collection of ancient pieces which he finally donated to the National Archeological Museum, with the desire that one part of the collection stays in Almería. The conditions were agreed during the Second Spanish Republic when the archeological museum was opened. There were two small rooms which were handed over by the “Escuela de Artes y Oficios” in 1934 but this collection didn’t have the pieces that Louis Siret had hoped would remain in Almería. After a lot of difficulties which took place throughout the years, 2006 was the year that the museum finally settled into its new place. Title: Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History Passage: The Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History is a science, nature and cultural history museum in Bryan, Texas, United States. The museum also maintains memberships in American Alliance of Museums, Natural Science Collections Alliance, and the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections. Title: La Casa de la Ciencia de Sevilla - Science Museum Passage: Along with a museum, the building houses the Andalusian headquarters of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). CSIC is the largest public institution devoted to research in Spain, and the third largest in Europe. The building was opened to the public in 2008, with the goal of sharing knowledge acquired through scientific research. La Casa de la Ciencia aims to be a bridge between the scientific research community and the public, sharing contemporary scientific research and information on environmental issues. Title: Fernando Cuerda Passage: Fernando Cuerda Peña (born 6 March 1984 in Seville, Andalusia) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.	[ "Fernando Cuerda", "La Casa de la Ciencia de Sevilla - Science Museum" ]
When did the torch arrive in the city Sadong-guyok is located?	April 28	[]	Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Mangyongdae Funfair Passage: The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend. Title: Sadong-guyok Passage: Sadong-guyŏk, or Sadong District, is one of the 19 guyŏk, and one of the six, that constitute East Pyongyang, North Korea. It is on the eastern bank of the Taedong River, and the mouth of the Nam River. It is north of Ryŏkp'o-guyŏk (Ryokpho District), east of Taedonggang-guyŏk (Taedonggang District) and north east of Tongdaewŏn-guyŏk. It was established in September 1959.	[ "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "Sadong-guyok" ]
When did Muslim armies invade the country Al-Mahabah is located and the country Kleicha originates?	in 634	[]	Title: History of Ethiopia Passage: Between 1528 and 1540, armies of Muslims, under the Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al - Ghazi, entered Ethiopia from the low country to the south - east, and overran the Abyssinian Kingdom, obliging the Emperor to take refuge in the mountain fastnesses. In this remote location, the ruler again turned to the Portuguese. João Bermudes, a subordinate member of the mission of 1520, who had remained in the country after the departure of the embassy, was, according to his own statement (which is untrustworthy), ordained successor to the Abuna (archbishop), and sent to Lisbon. Bermudes certainly came to Europe, but with what credentials is not known. Title: Kleicha Passage: Kleicha () may be considered the national cookie of both Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Kleicha come in several traditional shapes and fillings. The most popular are the ones filled with dates ("kleichat tamur"). There are also sweet discs ("khfefiyyat"), as well as half moons filled with nuts, sugar and/or desiccated coconut ("kleichat joz"). Title: Al-Mahabah Passage: Al-Mahabah (Arabic: المحبة) is a Syrian village in the Al-Tall District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Mahabah had a population of 100 in the 2004 census. Title: Muslim conquest of the Levant Passage: The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْإٍسْـلَامِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - Islāmiyyuash - Shām) or Arab conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْـعَـرَبِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - ʿArabiyyu Lish - Shām) occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the conquest of the region known as the Levant or Shaam (Arabic: شَـام ‎, 'Syria'), later to become the Islamic Province of Bilad al - Sham, as part of the Islamic conquests. Arab Muslim forces had appeared on the southern borders even before the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, resulting in the Battle of Mu'tah in 629, but the real invasion began in 634 under his successors, the Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab, with Khalid ibn al - Walid as their most important military leader.	[ "Muslim conquest of the Levant", "Al-Mahabah", "Kleicha" ]
The quarterback of the team Richard Smith played for attended what school?	Texas Tech	[ "Texas" ]	Title: Jacksonville University Passage: Jacksonville University (JU) is a private university in Jacksonville, Florida. The school was founded in 1934 as a two-year college and was known as Jacksonville Junior College until September 5, 1956, when it shifted focus to building four-year university degree programs and later graduated its first four-year degree candidates as Jacksonville University in June 1959. It is a member of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). JU's student body currently represents more than 40 U.S. states and approximately 45 countries around the world. As a Division I university, it is home to 19 sports teams, known as the JU Dolphins, as well as intramural sports and clubs. Among the top majors declared by JU students are aviation management, biology, nursing, business and marine science. Title: Richard Smith (wide receiver) Passage: Smith played four games in National Football League with the Kansas City Chiefs along with spending time on the practice rosters for the Washington Redskins and the Seattle Seahawks. Title: Patrick Mahomes Passage: Patrick Lavon Mahomes II (born September 17, 1995) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas Tech, and was drafted by the Chiefs with the tenth overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft. Mahomes is the son of former MLB pitcher Pat Mahomes. Title: The Longest Yard (2005 film) Passage: The Longest Yard is a 2005 American sports prison comedy film and a remake of the 1974 film of the same name. Adam Sandler plays the protagonist Paul Crewe, a disgraced former professional quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers, who is forced to form a team from the prison inmates to play football against their guards.	[ "Richard Smith (wide receiver)", "Patrick Mahomes" ]
What country did Friedrich Karl von Moser die in?	Germany	[ "de", "GER" ]	Title: Richard von Weizsäcker Passage: Richard von Weizsäcker was born on 15 April 1920 in the New Castle in Stuttgart, the son of diplomat Ernst von Weizsäcker, a member of the noted Weizsäcker family, and his wife Marianne (née von Graevenitz). Ernst von Weizsäcker was a career diplomat and a high-ranking official in the Foreign Ministry in the 1930s. The youngest of four children, Weizsäcker had two brothers, the physicist and philosopher Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Heinrich von Weizsäcker, and also a sister, Elisabeth. In 1967, Elisabeth married Konrad Raiser, the former Secretary General of the World Council of Churches. His grandfather Karl von Weizsäcker was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Württemberg, and was ennobled in 1897 and raised to the hereditary title of Baron ("Freiherr") in 1916. Title: Kornwestheim station Passage: Kornwestheim station is located in the Ludwigsburg district of Kornwestheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Franconia Railway () and is a station on the network of the Stuttgart S-Bahn. It is near the junction of the Untertürkheim–Kornwestheim line ("Schusterbahn") freight bypass. Kornwestheim passenger station was the site of a Deutsche Bahn car train loading facility until December 2007. Title: Mesrob II Mutafyan of Constantinople Passage: Mesrob Mutafyan born Minas Mutafian graduated from the American High School in Kornwestheim near Stuttgart, Germany. From 1974 to 1979, he studied philosophy and sociology in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Title: Friedrich Karl von Moser Passage: Baron Friedrich Karl von Moser Filseck (born 18 December 1723 in Stuttgart; died 11 November 1798 in Ludwigsburg) was a German jurist, state journalist and a politician.	[ "Friedrich Karl von Moser", "Mesrob II Mutafyan of Constantinople", "Kornwestheim station" ]
What is the death city of the leader of the largest country in Europe by square miles after collapse of the socialist state deploying its army into Afghanistan in 1979?	Moscow	[]	Title: Islamism Passage: In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith. Leading this pan-Islamic effort was Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. While the military effectiveness of these "Afghan Arabs" was marginal, an estimated 16,000 to 35,000 Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan. Title: History of Russia (1991–present) Passage: Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin had been elected President of Russia in June 1991 in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. This ensured that Yeltsin would be the political leader of the Russian successor state following dissolution. This situation resulted in political turmoil as the Soviet and Russian leadership wrestled for control, which culminated in the 1991 August Putsch, where the Soviet military attempted to overthrow Gorbachev. Although the coup was ultimately averted, this situation contributed to rising instability in the Soviet Union. By October 1991, as the USSR was on the verge of collapse, Yeltsin announced that Russia would proceed with radical reforms, including market - oriented reform along the lines of Poland's ``big bang '', also known as`` shock therapy''. Title: List of European countries by area Passage: Rank Country Area (km2) Notes Russia * 3,972,400 17,098,242 including North Asia Ukraine 603,628 This includes Crimea France * 551,394 643,801 when the overseas departments are included Spain * 498,468 505,992 when the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are included Sweden 449,964 6 Norway 385,178 This includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen 7 Germany 357,168 8 Finland 338,145 9 Poland 312,685 10 Italy 301,338 11 United Kingdom 248,532 1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included. 12 Romania 238,392 13 Belarus 207,600 14 Kazakhstan * 180,000 (est.) 2,724,902 including Asian part 15 Greece 131,940 16 Bulgaria 110,994 17 Iceland 102,775 18 Hungary 93,030 19 Portugal 91,568 20 Austria 83,858 21 Czech Republic 78,866 22 Serbia 77,453 This excludes Kosovo 23 Ireland 70,273 24 Lithuania 65,300 25 Latvia 64,589 26 Croatia 56,594 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 28 Slovakia 49,036 29 Estonia 45,339 30 Denmark 44,493 This includes Faroe Islands; 2,210,579 including Greenland 31 Switzerland 41,290 32 Netherlands 41,198 Excluding Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten. 33 Moldova 33,846 34 Belgium 30,510 35 Albania 28,748 36 Macedonia (Former Yugoslavian Republic) 25,713 37 Turkey * 23,507 783,562 including Asian part 38 Slovenia 20,273 39 Montenegro 13,812 40 Kosovo 10,908 Partially recognized state 41 Cyprus 9,251 42 Azerbaijan * 6,960 86,600 including Asian part 43 Luxembourg 2,586 44 Georgia * 2,428 69,700 including Asian part 45 Andorra 468 46 Malta 316 47 Liechtenstein 160 48 San Marino 61 49 Monaco 1.95 50 Vatican City 0.44 Total 10,141,183 ± 5,000 Title: Naina Yeltsina Passage: Naina Yeltsina was rarely seen in public. She accompanied her husband on some of his foreign visits, including 1997 visits to Sweden, Finland, and a 1999 visit to China. As a rule, Naina Yeltsina never interfered in her husband's political work. However, in the 1996 election campaign, she met with voters and gave interviews to the media. A major public appearance was the state funeral of her late husband in Moscow in April 2007.	[ "Naina Yeltsina", "History of Russia (1991–present)", "Islamism", "List of European countries by area" ]
What series is model 7 of the maker of Dacia Sandero?	supermini	[ "Supermini" ]	Title: Amazing Passage: Amazing was an Australian children's television game show that aired between 16 May 1994 until 1998 on the Seven Network. It was famous for a relatively large and elaborate maze/obstacle course that was part of the show's studio set. "Amazing" was hosted by James Sherry for the entire run of the series. "Amazing" was produced at Channel 7 Brisbane from 1994–1996 and then at Channel 7 Perth from 1997–1998. Title: Dacia Sandero Passage: The Dacia Sandero is a subcompact car produced jointly by the French manufacturer Renault and its Romanian subsidiary Dacia since 2007, currently at its second generation. It is also marketed as the Renault Sandero in certain markets, such as Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Mexico, and South America. It was introduced in September 2007, and is based on the Logan platform. Title: Take as Needed for Pain Passage: Take as Needed for Pain is the second album by American sludge metal band Eyehategod, released on November 22, 1993. It was reissued in 2006 as part of Century Media's 20th Anniversary series of reissues, with 6 bonus tracks, taken from rare 7" records and splits. Title: Renault 7 Passage: The Renault 7 (or "R7") is a 4-door saloon version of the Renault 5 supermini, produced and sold in Spain by Renault's subsidiary, FASA-Renault from 1974 to 1984.	[ "Dacia Sandero", "Renault 7" ]
What county contains the township where the band I Call Fives was formed?	Berks County	[ "Berks County, Pennsylvania" ]	Title: Municipal divisions of Russia Passage: The municipal divisions in Russia, called the municipal formations (), are territorial divisions of the Russian Federation within which the state governance is augmented with local self-government independent of the state organs of governance within the law, to manage local affairs. Title: I Call Fives Passage: I Call Fives was a pop punk band from Washington Township, New Jersey. Since their formation in 2006, the band had released 4 EP's and 1 self-titled full length in July 2012 through Pure Noise Records. The band was previously signed to No Sleep Records. The band was a part of the Vans Warped Tour in 2012 and has played shows in the United States, Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, and Australia. Their debut full length premiered at #13 on Billboard Charts Top Heatseekers. In 2014, the band performed at Australia's annual music festival, Soundwave (Australian music festival). Title: Washington Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania Passage: Washington Township is a township in eastern Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,810 at the 2010 census. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).	[ "I Call Fives", "Washington Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania" ]
In which area of the continent where the mouth of the Tikhaya Sosna is located did the Renaissance begin?	seemingly in Italy	[ "IT", "ITA", "Italy", "Italia", "it" ]	Title: Battle of the Tanais River Passage: The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. The Huns were victorious. Title: Renaissance Passage: The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. Title: Tikhaya Sosna River Passage: The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]	[ "Renaissance", "Tikhaya Sosna River", "Battle of the Tanais River" ]
What is named after county for Lone Hickory in the state where the senator went on to win the South Carolina primary?	Yadkin River	[]	Title: Lone Hickory, North Carolina Passage: Lone Hickory is an unincorporated community in southern Yadkin County, North Carolina west of Courtney. It is located on Lone Hickory road, about a mile southeast of the road's west end at U.S. Route 21. Title: Richmond Hill, North Carolina Passage: Richmond Hill is an unincorporated community in northern Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States, along the Yadkin River. The community is on the Yadkin County side of the river between the Surry County communities of Rockford and Siloam. It is located in the Boonville ZIP code area (27011). Title: 2004 United States presidential election Passage: The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls. Title: John Kerry Passage: In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a "ridiculous waste of time."	[ "Lone Hickory, North Carolina", "2004 United States presidential election", "John Kerry", "Richmond Hill, North Carolina" ]
When did Newfoundland become part of the country where the performer of What Do You Care was?	1949	[]	Title: Patricia Conroy Passage: Patricia Conroy was born on January 30, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Conroy was born to musical family which was influenced by her mother's Maritime country background and her father's Irish roots. As a young girl her musical interests led to piano and vocal lessons and performances in a local church and with her family band, the Shamrock Ceili Band. In the late 1980s, Conroy hooked up with local musicians in Vancouver, British Columbia and eventually entered a Battle of the Bands contest. Conroy ultimately won and received $10,000, which gave her the opportunity to record demos of some of her original material. By 1990, Conroy was approached by executives at Warner Music Canada, who signed her a record contract. Title: Commonwealth of Nations Passage: In the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its dominions agreed they were "equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". The term "Commonwealth" was officially adopted to describe the community.These aspects to the relationship were formalised by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which applied to Canada without the need for ratification, but Australia, New Zealand, and Newfoundland had to ratify the statute for it to take effect. Newfoundland never did, as on 16 February 1934, with the consent of its parliament, the government of Newfoundland voluntarily ended and governance reverted to direct control from London. Newfoundland later joined Canada as its 10th province in 1949. Australia and New Zealand ratified the Statute in 1942 and 1947 respectively.Although the Union of South Africa was not among the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, two laws—the Status of the Union Act, 1934, and the Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act of 1934—were passed to confirm South Africa's status as a sovereign state. Title: What Do You Care Passage: "What Do You Care" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Patricia Conroy. It was released in 1993 as the third single from her second studio album, "Bad Day for Trains". It peaked at number 8 on the "RPM" Country Tracks chart in March 1993. Title: Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve Passage: Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve is located in central part of the Island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The area encompasses an area of 2,895 km and is considered one of the last remaining unspoiled areas of the province devoid of human habitat. It was officially created as a wilderness reserve in 1990.	[ "What Do You Care", "Commonwealth of Nations", "Patricia Conroy" ]
Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh in the capital of the country Sultan Husayn is from is located in what district?	Qaleh Now Rural District	[]	Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran Passage: Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Now-e Khāleṣeh; also known as Qal‘eh Now, Qal‘eh Now-e Ghār, and Qal‘eh-ye Nowghār) is a village in Qaleh Now Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,718, in 1,195 families. The village is the seat of Qaleh Now District, established on 16 September 2012 and Qaleh Now Rural District. Title: Iran Passage: Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world. Title: Sultan Husayn Passage: Sultan Husayn (also known as Soltan Hosayn and Soltan Hosein), (October 1668 – November 1726) () reigned 1694–1722; was a Safavid Shah of Iran (Persia). He ruled from 1694 until he was overthrown in 1722 by rebellious marauder Mahmud Hotaki, an Afghan of Pashtun ethnic background. His reign saw the downfall of the Safavid dynasty, which had ruled Persia since the beginning of the 16th century.	[ "Iran", "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran", "Sultan Husayn" ]
Where is the birthplace of the creator of paintings named for the country the Ministry of Defense is located in?	Beirut	[]	Title: Kuwait (Kanso series) Passage: Kuwait is a group of approximately 40 paintings made by Nabil Kanso in 1990-91 on the Gulf War and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The works in the series were first exhibited in Kuwait in March – April 1992 at the Free Atelier Art Center and traveled in June to Caracas for a special exhibit at the Palacio de Gobierno in honor of the Emir of Kuwait’s visit to Venezuela. Then, the exhibition proceeded to Geneva and was held at the Red Cross Museum in July – August 1992. Title: Place des Martyres (paintings) Passage: Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War I named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ Place in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule. Title: Meskhenet Passage: In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians. Title: Ministry of Defense (Kuwait) Passage: The Kuwait Ministry of Defense (Arabic: وزارة الدفاع الكويتية) is one of the governmental bodies of Kuwait. Its minister in charge is a member of the Cabinet of Kuwait. The current minister of defense is Sheikh Nasser Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, the current ruler's eldest son.	[ "Place des Martyres (paintings)", "Ministry of Defense (Kuwait)", "Kuwait (Kanso series)" ]
Which manager of the performers of Celebration Day tried to sign Queen?	Peter Grant	[]	Title: Celebration Day (film) Passage: Celebration Day is a concert film by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, recorded at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert on 10 December 2007, in London's O Arena. The film was given a limited theatrical run starting on 17 October 2012, and was released on several home audio and video formats on 19 November 2012. The performance, the film, and album releases have been widely praised. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position. Title: Children's Day (India) Passage: The celebration of Children's Day in India has its roots back to 1959. Prior to the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, India is celebrating Children's Day on November 20 (the date observed as Universal Children's Day by the United Nations). After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, it was unanimously decided to celebrate his birthday as or Children's Day in India. Title: London Passage: There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.	[ "Queen (band)", "Celebration Day (film)" ]
Who led a successful Marxist revolution in the country which would eventually invade its southern neighbor where Mapado was filmed?	Alexandra Kim	[]	Title: Manuel Ycaza Passage: An icon in his country of birth, Ycaza's success inspired other diminutive Panamanian youngsters to pursue a career as a jockey. In 1962, "Sports Illustrated" magazine published an article about the "Spanish invasion" of American Thoroughbred horse racing led by Ycaza. Title: Korean War Passage: The Korean War (in South Korean Hangul: 한국전쟁; Hanja: 韓國戰爭; RR: Hanguk Jeonjaeng, ``Korean War ''; in North Korean Chosŏn'gŭl: 조국해방전쟁; Hancha: 祖國解放戰爭; MR: Choguk haebang chǒnjaeng,`` Fatherland Liberation War''; 25 June 1950 -- 27 July 1953) was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States). The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, came to the aid of South Korea. China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union also gave some assistance to the North. Title: Communism in Korea Passage: Alexandra Kim, a Korean who lived in Russia, is sometimes credited as the first Korean communist. She had joined the Bolsheviks in 1916. In 1917, Vladimir Lenin sent her to Siberia to mobilize Koreans there against the counter-revolutionary forces and the Allied Expeditionary Forces. In Khabarovsk Kim was in charge of external affairs at the Far - Eastern Department of the Party. There she met with Yi Dong - Wi, Kim Rip and other Korean independence fighters. Together they founded the Korean People's Socialist Party, the first Korean communist party on June 28, 1918. Title: Mapado Passage: "Do" can either mean "province" or "island" in Korean. "Seom" means island in the Korean language as well, although "do" is a Sino-Korean word used in name compound words, but "seom" can stand alone. Filming for "Mapado" did not take place on an island, but in Dongbaek village in Yeonggwang County, South Korea.	[ "Korean War", "Mapado", "Communism in Korea" ]
When was the last time that a hurricane hit the state where the ancient village of Apua was found?	August 2018	[]	Title: Apua, Hawaii Passage: Āpua was an ancient village in the Puna district on the southern coast of the Island of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. A small fishing village was located at about , an elevation about above sea level. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: List of Hawaii hurricanes Passage: August 2018: Hurricane Lane slowly approached the islands from the southeast, peaking as a powerful Category 5 hurricane (one of only two recorded within 350 miles of the state), prompting the issuance of hurricane watches and warnings for every island in Hawaii and becoming the first major threat to the state since Hurricane Iniki. Lane weakened significantly as it moved towards the islands, however its outer rainbands caused severe mudslides and flash flooding especially in the Island of Hawai ʻi, where a maximum of 52.02 inches (1,321 mm) of rain was recorded at Mountainview, Hawaii on August 26. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.	[ "List of Hawaii hurricanes", "Apua, Hawaii" ]
When was the most rainfall for the city where Kevin Durant played before Golden State?	May 2015	[]	Title: Hand of Faith Passage: The Hand of Faith is a nugget of fine - quality gold that was found by Kevin Hillier using a metal detector near Kingower, Victoria, Australia on 26 September 1980. Weighing 875 troy ounces (27.21 kg, or 72 troy pounds and 11 troy ounces), the gold nugget was only 12 inches below the surface, resting in a vertical position. The announcement of the discovery occurred at a press conference, attended by the Premier of Victoria Dick Hamer, in Melbourne on 8 October 1980. Kovac's Gems & Minerals were appointed agents for the sale of the huge nugget, by the gold nugget finder, Kevin Hillier. It was sold to the Golden Nugget Casino Chain for over a million dollars, and is currently on public display at their property Golden Nugget Casino Hotel, in Biloxi, MS. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month Title: Kevin Durant Passage: Kevin Wayne Durant (born September 29, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one season of college basketball for the University of Texas, and was selected as the second overall pick by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 2007 NBA draft. He played nine seasons in Oklahoma City before signing with Golden State in 2016, winning back - to - back championships in 2017 and 2018. Title: Highest-paid NBA players by season Passage: Player Salary Team LeBron James $30,963,450 Cleveland Cavaliers Al Horford $26,540,100 Boston Celtics DeMar DeRozan $26,540,100 Toronto Raptors James Harden $26,540,100 Houston Rockets Kevin Durant $26,540,100 Golden State Warriors Russell Westbrook $26,540,100 Oklahoma City Thunder Mike Conley, Jr. $26,540,100 Memphis Grizzlies Dirk Nowitzki $25,000,000 Dallas Mavericks Carmelo Anthony $24,559,380 New York Knicks Damian Lillard $24,328,425 Portland Trail Blazers	[ "Oklahoma City", "Kevin Durant" ]
Which year did the country that controlled the country that Noriega ruled before the US stepped in host the NAM summit?	1995	[]	Title: History of Panama (1821–1903) Passage: Panama thus became part of Colombia, then governed under the 1821 Constitution of Cúcuta, and was designated a department with two provinces, Panamá and Veraguas. With the addition of Ecuador to the liberated area, the whole country became known as Gran Colombia. Panama sent a force of 700 men to join Simón Bolívar in Peru, where the Peruvian War of Independence continued. Title: Political corruption Passage: The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega. Title: Non-Aligned Movement Passage: Date Host country Host city 1st 1 -- 6 September 1961 Yugoslavia Belgrade 2nd 5 -- 10 October 1964 United Arab Republic Cairo 3rd 8 -- 10 September 1970 Zambia Lusaka 4th 5 -- 9 September 1973 Algeria Algiers 5th 16 -- 19 August 1976 Sri Lanka Colombo 6th 3 -- 9 September 1979 Cuba Havana 7th 7 -- 12 March 1983 India New Delhi 8th 1 -- 6 September 1986 Zimbabwe Harare 9th 4 -- 7 September 1989 Yugoslavia Belgrade 10th 1 -- 6 September 1992 Indonesia Jakarta 11th 18 -- 20 October 1995 Colombia Cartagena 12th 2 -- 3 September 1998 South Africa Durban 13th 20 -- 25 February 2003 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 14th 15 -- 16 September 2006 Cuba Havana 15th 11 -- 16 July 2009 Egypt Sharm el - Sheikh 16th 26 -- 31 August 2012 Iran Tehran 17th 13 -- 18 September 2016 Venezuela Porlamar Title: Nam Theun Passage: Nam Theun, also known as Khading, is a river in Laos, in Khammouane and Bolikhamsai Provinces. Together with its tributaries Nam One, Nam Noy, and Nam Theun it has total length of and drains an area of . "Nam Theun" is also three options for large dams on the same river, called Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 1-2 and Nam Theun 2. Nam Theun 2, which was considered the most economic of the three options, is in operation.	[ "History of Panama (1821–1903)", "Non-Aligned Movement", "Political corruption" ]
What county includes the city where Jonas Plass was born?	Bamberg County	[ "Bamberg County, South Carolina" ]	Title: Jona railway station Passage: Jona is a railway station in Switzerland, situated next to the village of Jona in the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona. The station is located on the Wallisellen to Uster and Rapperswil railway line and served by Zurich S-Bahn lines S5 and S15. Title: Jonas Plass Passage: Jonas Plass (born 1 August 1986 in Bamberg) is a German athlete who competes in the sprint with a personal best time of 46.00 seconds over the 400 metres. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Bamberg, South Carolina Passage: Bamberg is a city in and the county seat of Bamberg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,607 at the 2010 census.	[ "Bamberg, South Carolina", "Jonas Plass" ]
Where is the country the sandwich named for the predecessor of National Rail is from located on the world map?	off the north - western coast of the European mainland	[]	Title: Railway electrification system Passage: On tracks that London Underground share with National Rail third-rail stock (the Bakerloo and District lines both have such sections), the centre rail is connected to the running rails, allowing both types of train to operate, at a compromise voltage of 660 V. Underground trains pass from one section to the other at speed; lineside electrical connections and resistances separate the two types of supply. These routes were originally solely electrified on the four-rail system by the LNWR before National Rail trains were rewired to their standard three-rail system to simplify rolling stock use. Title: British Rail sandwich Passage: The British Rail sandwich has been used as a negative point of comparison for other ready-to-serve meals, especially regarding transportation in the United Kingdom, and representative of the negative effects of British nationalisation of industry in the middle of the 20th century. A 1997 article in "The Independent" referred to the sandwich as "an indictment of statist, bureaucratic corporations" privatised by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who had "swept aside James Callaghan, prices and incomes policies and the British Rail sandwich". Title: United Kingdom Passage: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and colloquially Great Britain (GB) or simply Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union (EU). Title: APTIS Passage: APTIS was the Accountancy and Passenger Ticket Issuing System used on the British Rail/National Rail until 2007. It was originally called "Advanced Passenger Ticket Issuing System" as it was being developed at the time of the Advanced Passenger Train.	[ "British Rail sandwich", "United Kingdom", "APTIS" ]

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