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The alma mater of Mushtaq Minhas is an example of what kind of university?	private university	[ "Private university" ]	Title: Tony Bennett (sociologist) Passage: Tony Bennett is an English academic who has also worked in Australia. Bennett is an important figure in the development of the Australian approach to cultural studies known as "cultural policy studies." Title: August Klein Passage: August Klein (1870-1913) was an architect of German origin, who worked in Vilnius. from 1891 till 1896 studied in Saint Petersburg. Among his prominent works are Vileišis Palace, completed in 1906. Title: Michael Denning Passage: Michael Denning (born 1954) is an American cultural historian and William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of American Studies at Yale University. His work has been influential in shaping the field of American Studies by importing and interpreting the work of British Cultural Studies theorists. Although he received his Ph.D. from Yale University and studied with Fredric Jameson, perhaps the greatest influence on his work is the time he spent at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies working with Stuart Hall. Title: Child labour Passage: Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Children above the age of 13 may perform light work for a limited number of hours per week in other economic activities as defined at the discretion of each country. Additionally, the European law exception allows children aged 14 years or over to work as part of a work/training scheme. The EU Directive clarified that these exceptions do not allow child labour where the children may experience harmful exposure to dangerous substances. Nonetheless, many children under the age of 13 do work, even in the most developed countries of the EU. For instance, a recent study showed over a third of Dutch twelve-year-old kids had a job, the most common being babysitting. Title: Steam engine Passage: One of the principal advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase at this point. By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine power and contributes to a much higher efficiency for a real cycle. The benefit of this is lost somewhat due to the lower heat addition temperature. Gas turbines, for instance, have turbine entry temperatures approaching 1500 °C. Nonetheless, the efficiencies of actual large steam cycles and large modern gas turbines are fairly well matched.[citation needed] Title: Computational complexity theory Passage: To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances. Title: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Passage: A later instance was an ecological expedition studying the ecosystems near Showa Station in Antarctica. The project was first undertaken in February 1986. It was associated with the international BIOTAS program, which also launched in 1986. Taxonomical studies of some organisms (particularly plants and small animals) were carried out by the expedition. Title: Mushtaq Minhas Passage: Mushtaq Minhas studied at Forman Christian College, in Lahore, from where he gained a Bachelor of Arts degree. He was also the vice president of the students' union. Mushtaq Minhas received Master of Arts degree in Mass Communication from University of Punjab, Lahore. Title: Viki Saha Passage: Viki Saha (born 31 December 1997) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Tripura. He made his Twenty20 debut on 9 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. Title: Infinite monkey theorem Passage: In this context, ``almost surely ''is a mathematical term with a precise meaning, and the`` monkey'' is not an actual monkey, but a metaphor for an abstract device that produces an endless random sequence of letters and symbols. One of the earliest instances of the use of the ``monkey metaphor ''is that of French mathematician Émile Borel in 1913, but the first instance may have been even earlier. Title: Giuseppe Bastianelli Passage: Born in Rome, Bastianelli was initially interested in chemistry, physiology and neurology; subsequently he became interested in the study of malaria. He worked in the "Santo Spirito a Roma" hospital with Ettore Marchiafava, Angelo Celli and Amico Bignami, studying the clinical aspects of this disease. He then moved to the Sapienza University of Rome where he directed l'Istituto di Malariologia, the Institute of Malarial studies dedicated to Ettore Marchiafava, where he worked until he died. The institute was a major contributor to the campaign that led to the complete eradication of malaria in Italy. Title: Mikhail Simonyan Passage: Mikhail Simonyan studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia and continues to work with Victor Danchenko. He lives in Philadelphia. Title: Archimedes Passage: Archimedes was born c. 287 BC in the seaport city of Syracuse, Sicily, at that time a self-governing colony in Magna Graecia. The date of birth is based on a statement by the Byzantine Greek historian John Tzetzes that Archimedes lived for 75 years. In The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes gives his father's name as Phidias, an astronomer about whom nothing else is known. Plutarch wrote in his Parallel Lives that Archimedes was related to King Hiero II, the ruler of Syracuse. A biography of Archimedes was written by his friend Heracleides but this work has been lost, leaving the details of his life obscure. It is unknown, for instance, whether he ever married or had children. During his youth, Archimedes may have studied in Alexandria, Egypt, where Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene were contemporaries. He referred to Conon of Samos as his friend, while two of his works (The Method of Mechanical Theorems and the Cattle Problem) have introductions addressed to Eratosthenes. Title: Margaret Cruikshank Passage: Margaret Louise Cruikshank (born 1940) is an American lesbian feminist writer and academic. Cruikshank began teaching in 1968 and was one of the first American academics to be out during a time when gay rights was just a fledgling idea. Her research and educational work focuses on awareness and acceptance of lesbian academia and the exclusion of lesbian literature and criticism from traditional literature studies and women's studies. Her work has been published in "Gay Community News", "Radical Teacher", the "Journal of Homosexuality" and "The Advocate". Her anthologies "The Lesbian Path" (1980), "Lesbian Studies: Present and Future" (1982), and "New Lesbian Writing" (1984) helped to establish lesbian studies as a part of women's studies in the academy. Title: Charles William Forman Passage: Charles William Forman (1821–1894) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary and the founder of Forman Christian College, a private university in Lahore, Pakistan. Title: Mushtaq Qadri Passage: Mushtaq Qadri was born on 18th of the month of Ramadan, 1386 A.H. (approximately 1 January 1967), in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. His father's name was Akhlaq Ahmad. Before permanently moving to Karachi, he lived for some time in Faisalabad. Title: Rahul Dagar Passage: Rahul Dagar (born 4 July 1993) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Haryana. He made his Twenty20 debut on 2 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. Title: Institute of technology Passage: Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas. Title: Florentina Mallá Passage: Florentina Mallá (14 July 1891 – 7 June 1973) was a Czech composer and pianist. She studied piano with Josef Jiránek at the Prague Conservatory, graduating in 1913 and later studied composition privately with Vítězslav Novák. She suspended her work as a composer during the communist years. Her works include didactic piano compositions, a sonatina and preludium for piano and about fifty songs. She died in Prague. Title: Johannes V. Jensen Passage: He was born in Farsø, a village in North Jutland, Denmark, as the son of a veterinary surgeon and he grew up in a rural environment. While studying medicine at the University of Copenhagen he worked as a writer to fund his studies. After three years of studying he chose to change careers and devote himself fully to literature.	[ "Charles William Forman", "Mushtaq Minhas" ]
When was the person on the back of the Bicentennial quarter appointed general of the military branch John Stark served in?	June 15, 1775	[]	Title: Cornwallis in Ireland Passage: British General Charles Cornwallis, the 1st Marquess Cornwallis was appointed in June 1798 to serve as both Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Commander-in-Chief of Ireland, the highest civil and military posts in the Kingdom of Ireland. He held these offices until 1801. Title: Government of Florida Passage: The government of Florida is established and operated according to the Constitution of Florida and is composed of three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Florida and the other elected and appointed constitutional officers; the legislative branch, the Florida Legislature, consisting of the Senate and House; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Florida and lower courts. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, and ratification. Title: Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) Passage: The Chief of Army Staff (Urdu: سربراہ پاک فوج ‎ ‎) (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four - star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. Title: Solicitor General of India Passage: The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India, who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years. The Solicitor General of India is the secondary law officer of the country, assists the Attorney General, and is himself assisted by several Additional Solicitors General of India. Ranjit Kumar is the present Solicitor General who was appointed so on 7 June 2014 Like the Attorney General for India, the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General advise the Government and appear on behalf of the Union of India in terms of the Law Officers (Terms and Conditions) Rules, 1972. However, unlike the post of Attorney General for India, which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the posts of the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General are merely statutory. Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General. Whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President under Article 76 (1) of the Constitution, the solicitor general of India is appointed to assist the attorney general along with four additional solicitors general by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General, Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the, level of Joint secretary / Law Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs and after obtaining the approval of the Minister of Law & Justice, the proposal is sent to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for its approval. Title: Continental Army Passage: On June 15, 1775, the Congress elected by unanimous vote George Washington as Commander - in - Chief, who accepted and served throughout the war without any compensation except for reimbursement of expenses. Title: Robert Maitland O'Reilly Passage: O'Reilly was born in Philadelphia to John and Ellen (Maitland) O'Reilly. He was a descendant of General Alexander O'Reilly who was a captain general of Cuba and one of the Spanish governors of Louisiana. The American branch settled in Pennsylvania before the American Revolution. O'Reilly was educated in the public schools of his native city. Title: Battle of Bennington Passage: The Battle of Bennington was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, part of the Saratoga campaign, that took place on August 16, 1777, in Walloomsac, New York, about 10 miles (16 km) from its namesake Bennington, Vermont. A rebel force of 2,000 men, primarily New Hampshire and Massachusetts militiamen, led by General John Stark, and reinforced by Vermont militiamen led by Colonel Seth Warner and members of the Green Mountain Boys, decisively defeated a detachment of General John Burgoyne's army led by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum, and supported by additional men under Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann. Title: John Stark Passage: John Stark (August 28, 1728 – May 8, 1822) was a New Hampshire native who served as an officer in the British Army during the French and Indian war and a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. He became widely known as the "Hero of Bennington" for his exemplary service at the Battle of Bennington in 1777. Title: Phineas Riall Passage: General Sir Phineas Riall, KCH (15 December 1775 – 10 November 1850) was the British general who succeeded John Vincent as commanding officer of the Niagara Peninsula in Upper Canada during the War of 1812. In 1816, he was appointed Governor of Grenada. Title: Iron Man 2 Passage: The director, Jon Favreau, reprises his role as Happy Hogan, Tony Stark's bodyguard and chauffeur, while Clark Gregg and Leslie Bibb reprise their roles as S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Phil Coulson and reporter Christine Everhart, respectively. John Slattery appears as Tony's father Howard Stark and Garry Shandling appears as United States Senator Stern, who wants Stark to give Iron Man's armor to the government. Favreau stated that Shandling's character was named after radio personality Howard Stern. Paul Bettany again voices Stark's computer, J.A.R.V.I.S. Olivia Munn has a small role as Chess Roberts, a reporter covering the Stark expo, Kate Mara portrays a U.S. Marshal who summons Tony to the government hearing, and Stan Lee appears as himself (but is mistaken for Larry King). Title: Ernest Olawunmi Adelaye Passage: Group Captain Ernest Olawunmi Adelaye was appointed military governor of Rivers State, Nigeria from July 1988 to August 1990 during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. Title: Pakistan–United States relations Passage: India's decision to conduct nuclear tests in May 1998 and Pakistan's response set back US relations in the region, which had seen renewed US interest during the second Clinton Administration. A presidential visit scheduled for the first quarter of 1998 was postponed and, under the Glenn Amendment, sanctions restricted the provision of credits, military sales, economic assistance, and loans to the government. Title: United States Bicentennial coinage Passage: The United States Bicentennial coinage was a set of circulating commemorative coins, consisting of a quarter, half dollar and dollar struck by the United States Mint in 1975 and 1976. Regardless of when struck, each coin bears the double date 1776 -- 1976 on the normal obverses for the Washington quarter, Kennedy half dollar and Eisenhower dollar. No coins dated 1975 of any of the three denominations were minted. Title: Kennedy half dollar Passage: In 1971, when silver was eliminated entirely from the coins and production increased, the series began to see improved, but still limited circulation. A special design for the reverse of the half dollar was issued for the United States Bicentennial and was struck in 1975 and 1976. In addition to business strikes, special collector coins were struck for the Bicentennial in silver clad; silver proof sets in which the dime, quarter and half dollar were struck in 90% silver were first minted in 1992. In 2014 a special edition of the Kennedy half dollar was also struck in 99.99% gold. Title: Live Free or Die Passage: The phrase was adopted from a toast written by General John Stark, New Hampshire's most famous soldier of the American Revolutionary War, on July 31, 1809. Poor health forced Stark to decline an invitation to an anniversary reunion of the Battle of Bennington. Instead, he sent his toast by letter: Title: Scott Grant Passage: Educated at The King's School, Pontefract, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and Clare College, Cambridge, Scott Grant was commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers in 1965. He became Director-General Training & Doctrine for the Army in 1991, Team Leader for the Command Structure Review in 1993 and General Officer Commanding UK Support Command (Germany) in 1994. In 1996 he became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies and in 1998 he was appointed Quartermaster-General to the Forces. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1999 New Year Honours and then retired in 2000. Title: Five-star rank Passage: Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''. Title: Armoury, Innsbruck Passage: The Armoury () in Innsbruck, Austria, is a former military arsenal that is now a museum. It lies in the Innsbruck quarter of Dreiheiligen. Title: Korean War Passage: On 8 September 1945, U.S. Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th parallel. Appointed as military governor, General Hodge directly controlled South Korea as head of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK 1945–48). He established control by restoring to power the key Japanese colonial administrators, but in the face of Korean protests he quickly reversed this decision. The USAMGIK refused to recognize the provisional government of the short-lived People's Republic of Korea (PRK) because it suspected it was communist. Title: Eritrean Air Force Passage: The Eritrean Air Force (ERAF) is the official aerial warfare service branch of the Eritrean Defence Forces and is one of the three official uniformed military branches of the State of Eritrea.	[ "John Stark", "Continental Army", "United States Bicentennial coinage" ]
What county shares a border with the community of Dean in the Canadian province that has a Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal?	Colchester County	[]	Title: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal (Nova Scotia) Passage: The Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal is a department within the Government of Nova Scotia and has responsibility for overseeing transportation, communications, construction, property, and accommodation needs of government departments and agencies in the province. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey) Passage: The Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure () is a government ministry office of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for transport, information and communication services in Turkey. Its head office is in Ankara. The current minister is Mehmet Cahit Turhan, in office since July 2018. Title: TRAIL Research School Passage: The TRAIL Research School is the Netherlands’ national (university) research school active in the fields of Transport, Infrastructure, and Logistics. Title: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Passage: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, a ministry of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, and transport research, in order to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are used to transport over 60% of the total goods and 85% of the passenger traffic. Hence, development of this sector is of paramount importance for the India and accounts for a significant part in the budget. Since May 2014, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways is Nitin Gadkari. Title: Federal Aviation Administration Passage: In 1967, a new U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) combined major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport. The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the Coast Guard, and the Saint Lawrence Seaway Commission) within DOT (albeit the largest). The FAA administrator would no longer report directly to the president but would instead report to the Secretary of Transportation. New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT, which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president. Title: John Brandl Passage: John Brandl (August 19, 1937 - August 18, 2008) was a Minnesota economist, state legislator and dean of the Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota. He also served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare during the Johnson Administration. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: Santa Monica, California Passage: The city is also in the process of implementing a 5-year and 20 year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city. Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line. Title: Dimitris Reppas Passage: Dimitris Reppas (; born July 6, 1952 in Leonidio, Arcadia) is a Greek politician of the Movement of Democratic Socialists and a current Member of the Hellenic Parliament. From 2009 to 2012 he served as Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Networks and as the first Minister for Administrative Reform of Greece. Title: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Passage: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (IAST: Saड़ka Parivahana va Rājamārga Maṃtrālaya), is a ministry of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, and transport research, in order to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are used to transport over 60% of the total goods and 85% of the passenger traffic. Hence, development of this sector is of paramount importance for the India and accounts for a significant part in the budget. Since May 2014, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways is Nitin Gadkari. Title: Brigham McCown Passage: Brigham A. McCown (born July 3, 1966 in Ironton, Ohio) is a former senior executive at the United States Department of Transportation, and current entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is currently the CEO of a Washington, D.C., advisory firm and chairman of a nonprofit focused on innovative solutions for issues with the nation's infrastructure. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: New York City Passage: Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass more than 12,000 yellow taxicabs; various competing startup transportation network companies; and an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island. Title: Dean, Nova Scotia Passage: Dean is a small farming & forestry community in the North Branch Musquodoboit in the Musquodoboit Valley along the Halifax Regional Municipality/Colchester County county line, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, along Route 336. Other communities in the North Branch include Elmsvale, Greenwood, Upper Musquodoboit, and Moose River Gold Mines, among others. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Northern Territory Passage: The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. Title: United States Secretary of Transportation Passage: The United States secretary of transportation is the head of the United States Department of Transportation, a member of the president's Cabinet, and fourteenth in the presidential Line of Succession. The post was created with the formation of the Department of Transportation on October 15, 1966, by President Lyndon B. Johnson's signing of the Department of Transportation Act. The department's mission is "to develop and coordinate policies that will provide an efficient and economical national transportation system, with due regard for need, the environment, and the national defense." The secretary of transportation oversees eleven agencies, including the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. In April 2008, Mary Peters launched the official blog of the secretary of transportation called "The Fast Lane".	[ "Dean, Nova Scotia", "Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal (Nova Scotia)" ]
Who founded the school where Lucas McGee was educated?	James Manning	[]	Title: Camerata de' Bardi (orchestra) Passage: The Camerata de' Bardi is the academic orchestra of the University of Pavia in Italy. It was founded in 1989 by Luca Bardi (violinist) and Franco Gerevini (pianist, oboist, and conductor). Its present conductor is Nicola Bisson. Title: James Manning (minister) Passage: James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders. Title: Nightmare in Pink Passage: Nightmare in Pink is the second novel in the Travis McGee series written by John D. McDonald. It was published concurrently with the first book in the series, "The Deep Blue Good-by". In "Nightmare in Pink", McGee is asked by a friend from his military days to help his sister Nina in the investigation of her fiancé's death and the large sum of money involved. The book's title is a reference to the inclusion of hallucinogenic drugs as a plot device in the climax. Much of the action takes place in New York City and upstate New York, a departure from McGee's usual haunts in Florida. Title: Thomas Geoffry Lucas Passage: Thomas Geoffry Lucas (6 June 1872 – 3 October 1947), generally known as Geoffry Lucas, but often found incorrectly spelt as Geoffrey Lucas, was a 20th-century English architect. He is perhaps best known for his work in connection with the garden city movement, but was also active in other areas, including the design of churches and church fittings. Title: Johann Lucas Boër Passage: Johann Lucas Boër (20 April 1751 in Uffenheim, "Grafschaft Ansbach" – 19 January 1835 in Alsergrund), originally Johann Lucas "Boogers" (sometimes spelled Rogers Lucas Johann Boër) was a German medical doctor and obstetrician. Title: Bright Orange for the Shroud Passage: Bright Orange for the Shroud (1965) is a sixth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot follows McGee as he attempts to salvage the money of friend Arthur Wilkinson after the man is defrauded in a semi-legal confidence scheme involving a land deal. Title: Lucas Cranach the Younger Passage: Lucas Cranach the Younger ("Lucas Cranach der Jüngere" ; 4 October 1515 – 25 January 1586) was a German Renaissance painter and portraitist, the son of Lucas Cranach the Elder. Title: Lucas McGee Passage: Lucas Whitney McGee is a former US Rowing national team member, former Oxford Blue Boat member, and former freshman coach of rowing at the University of Washington and Brown University. He is currently one of two USRowing Men's National Team coaches. Luke began his rowing career at 15 years old while attending Loyola Academy after his father Ray and brother Josh encouraged him to try out for the team. After high school, he attended Yale University for a year, but then transferred to Brown University where he rowed competitively and was captain of his crew. Luke returned to Brown in the fall of 2004 and coached the Freshmen from 2004–2007. From 2004–2012, McGee's freshmen crews at Brown and Washington have captured three Eastern Sprints Championships, four Pac-10 Championships, three gold medals and one silver medal at the IRA National Championship, as well as winning Washington's first ever Temple Challenge Cup in 2010. Title: Pale Gray for Guilt Passage: Pale Gray for Guilt (1968) is the ninth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's investigation into the death of his close friend Tush Bannon, who he suspects has been murdered because of his refusal to sell his waterfront property to developers. In terms of series continuity, "Pale Gray for Guilt" is particularly important in that it involves a love interest, Puss Killian, who is central to the final book: "The Lonely Silver Rain". Title: American McGee's Alice Passage: American McGee's Alice is a third-person psychological horror action-adventure platform video game released for PC on December 6, 2000. The game, developed by Rogue Entertainment and published by Electronic Arts, is an unofficial sequel to Lewis Carroll's Alice novels. It was designed by American McGee and features music composed by Chris Vrenna.The game uses the id Tech 3 game engine. A PlayStation 2 port was in development and planned for a release sometime around 2001 but was canceled. Set years after Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, the game features an older, more cynical and macabre incarnation of Alice. As of 22 July 2010, American McGee's Alice has sold over 1.5 million copies. Title: The Scarlet Ruse Passage: The Scarlet Ruse (1972) is the fourteenth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's investigation into some extremely valuable rare postage stamps which have been stolen. Title: The Quick Red Fox Passage: The Quick Red Fox (1964) is the fourth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. In it, McGee is hired to aid a fictitious Hollywood star named Lysa Dean who is being blackmailed with revealing photographs. Title: McGee Rock Passage: McGee Rock () is an isolated rock at the south side of Parker Pass, about south of Zuncich Hill, in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Wayne R. McGee, U.S. Navy, an equipment operator at Byrd Station, 1966. Title: The Lonely Silver Rain Passage: The Lonely Silver Rain (1985) is the 21st and final novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The work was published a year prior to the author's death, and was not intentionally the end of the series. It is also notable for the introduction of McGee's daughter Jean, who he unwittingly (but not unwillingly) sired with the now-deceased love interest Puss Killian from the ninth book in the series: "Pale Gray for Guilt". At the end of the book McGee has taken all of his cash in hand except for a few hundred dollars and placed it in a trust fund for his newly met teenage daughter, and needs to go back to work as a "salvage consultant." The author's death prevented any further development of this new character and plot line. Title: Margo Harshman Passage: Margo Cathleen Harshman (born March 4, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles on The Big Bang Theory as Sheldon Cooper's assistant, Alex Jensen, and as Delilah McGee, Timothy McGee's paraplegic wife on NCIS. Title: One Fearful Yellow Eye Passage: One Fearful Yellow Eye (1966) is the eighth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's attempts to aid his longtime friend Glory Doyle in her quest to uncover the truth about her late husband and the blackmail which made over half a million dollars of his fortune disappear. It is largely set in Chicago, rather than the usual McGee haunt of Florida. Title: Cabo Wabo Passage: Cabo Wabo is a nightclub and restaurant located in Cabo San Lucas, BCS, Mexico. Franchises exist in Harvey's Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada, the Las Vegas Strip, and on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It is also a popular brand of tequila. All were founded by rock musician Sammy Hagar. Title: Aurum Hotels Passage: Aurum Hotels was an Italian professional cycling team founded in 1996 and disbanded in 2007. Over the years the team included several stars such as Danilo Di Luca and Mario Cipollini. Title: The Green Ripper Passage: The Green Ripper (1979) is a mystery novel by John D. McDonald, the eighteenth of 21 in the Travis McGee series. Title: Seven Witches Passage: Seven Witches is an American heavy metal band from New Jersey. The band was founded in 1998 by Jack Frost and Bobby Lucas	[ "James Manning (minister)", "Lucas McGee" ]
When was the last time the region where Han Vodka originates was united?	in 1945	[]	Title: When You Need My Love Passage: "When You Need My Love" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Darryl Worley. It was released in March 2000 as the first single from his debut album "Hard Rain Don't Last". It peaked at #15 on the United States country chart and at #75 on the Hot 100. It also peaked at #30 on the Canadian country chart. The song was written by Worley and Wynn Varble. Title: Adolescence Passage: A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days. Title: Early Times Passage: Early Times is a brand of Kentucky whiskey distilled in Shively, Kentucky, by the Brown-Forman Corporation, one of the largest North American-owned companies in the spirits and wine business. The company also markets Jack Daniel's, Finlandia Vodka, Woodford Reserve Bourbon, Canadian Mist, Old Forester, Korbel champagne, and Chambord. Title: Three Olives Vodka Passage: Three Olives Vodka is made from quadruple-distilled winter wheat harvested in England. The vodka is handcrafted and is available as a clear unflavored vodka as well as a variety of infused vodkas. The flavored vodkas are made using the circulation method, where the vodka flows into the flavored liquid to create the flavored vodka. The water used is sourced from a lake in Wales that was created by a dam that flooded in 1888, submerging an old village. Title: Han Vodka Passage: Han Vodka is an 80 proof vodka from Korea made from barley, rice and "pure spring water". This smooth and clean tasting Vodka is made from barley and rice which is fermented and distilled in small batches. It is imported by Progressive Beverages located in Fullerton, California. Progressive Beverages also imports Han Soju which is a 48 proof Korean Soju. It is available in plain Soju form as well as 4 Soju based flavors: Citruss, Fire, Teq and Cane. You can find HAN Soju and flavors information at www.HANspirits.com. It is only available in the California Market at this time and is distributed by Young's Market Company, Inc. located in Tustin, California. Title: Ghost in the Shell (2017 film) Passage: Ghost in the Shell Theatrical release poster Directed by Rupert Sanders Produced by Avi Arad Ari Arad Steven Paul Michael Costigan Screenplay by Jamie Moss William Wheeler Ehren Kruger Based on Ghost in the Shell by Masamune Shirow Starring Scarlett Johansson Michael Carmen Pitt Pilou Asbæk Chin Han Juliette Binoche Music by Clint Mansell Lorne Balfe Cinematography Jess Hall Edited by Neil Smith Billy Rich Production companies DreamWorks Pictures Reliance Entertainment Arad Productions Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date March 16, 2017 (2017 - 03 - 16) (Shinjuku) March 31, 2017 (2017 - 03 - 31) (United States) Running time 106 minutes Country United States Language English Japanese Budget $110 million Box office $169.8 million Title: The Road to El Dorado Passage: The Road to El Dorado Theatrical release poster Directed by Don Paul Eric ``Bibo ''Bergeron Produced by Brook Breton Bonne Radford Screenplay by Ted Elliott Terry Rossio Based on El Dorado Starring Kevin Kline Kenneth Branagh Rosie Perez Armand Assante Edward James Olmos Music by Hans Zimmer John Powell Edited by John Carnochan Dan Molina Vicki Hiatt Lynne Sutherland Production company DreamWorks Animation Distributed by DreamWorks Pictures Release date March 31, 2000 (2000 - 03 - 31) Running time 89 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $95 million Box office $76.4 million Title: Vodka Perfect Passage: Vodka Perfect is an international brand of vodka, produced by Renaissance-Perfect, an Israeli-based company which operates three large manufacturing facilities in Israel and Romania. Title: Arctic Velvet Passage: Arctic Velvet is a range of products from the company ThoCon AG based in Cham, Switzerland. The product range consists of Whisky, Gin, Vodka and Aquavit Aqua vitae. These products' specialty is that they are produced with water from Greenland. All the products are distilled five times or more. Title: Sissy's Song Passage: "Sissy's Song" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in March 2009 as the fourth single from his album "Good Time", and his fifty-sixth single release overall (and to date his last solo top ten hit). Jackson wrote the song after the sudden death of a housekeeper that worked at his house. Title: Pearl Harbor (film) Passage: Pearl Harbor Theatrical release poster Directed by Michael Bay Produced by Michael Bay Jerry Bruckheimer Written by Randall Wallace Starring Ben Affleck Josh Hartnett Kate Beckinsale Cuba Gooding Jr. Tom Sizemore Jon Voight Colm Feore Alec Baldwin Music by Hans Zimmer Cinematography John Schwartzman Edited by Chris Lebenzon Mark Goldblatt Steven Rosenblum Roger Barton Production companies Touchstone Pictures Jerry Bruckheimer Films Distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Release date May 21, 2001 (2001 - 05 - 21) (Pearl Harbor, Hawaii) May 25, 2001 (2001 - 05 - 25) (United States) Running time 183 minutes Country United States Language English Japanese Budget $140 million Box office $449.2 million Title: Glen's Vodka Passage: Glen's Vodka was launched in 1972. The brand was originally known as Grant's Vodka, but following a legal challenge was relaunched in 2003 as Glen's Vodka. Title: Heaven Hill Passage: Deep Eddy Vodka Distillery is a distillery in Dripping Springs, Texas that manufactures vodka products made of south Texas corn using continuous distillation in a column still. Dripping Springs is not a part of Austin, Texas, but is, in fact, a separate town. Title: Tito's Vodka Passage: Tito's Handmade Vodka is a vodka produced in Austin, Texas, (in the state's first legal distillery) established by Tito Beveridge. Prided for being handmade, the vodka is also notable for being made from yellow corn, instead of the more commonly used potatoes or wheat. Using corn results in a mildly sweet aftertaste. The vodka has been advertised as gluten free. Title: Son of God (film) Passage: Son of God Theatrical release poster Directed by Christopher Spencer Produced by Roma Downey Mark Burnett Screenplay by Richard Bedser Christopher Spencer Colin Swash Nic Young Based on New Testament Starring Diogo Morgado Roma Downey Narrated by Sebastian Knapp Music by Lorne Balfe Lisa Gerrard Hans Zimmer Cinematography Rob Goldie Edited by Robert Hall Production company Lightworkers Media Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date February 28, 2014 (2014 - 02 - 28) Running time 138 minutes Country United States Budget $22 million Box office $67.8 million Title: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Passage: The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Title: Solo: A Star Wars Story Passage: Solo: A Star Wars Story Theatrical release poster Directed by Ron Howard Produced by Kathleen Kennedy Allison Shearmur Simon Emanuel Written by Jonathan Kasdan Lawrence Kasdan Based on Characters by George Lucas Starring Alden Ehrenreich Woody Harrelson Paul Bettany Emilia Clarke Donald Glover Thandie Newton Music by John Powell John Williams (Han Solo theme and original Star Wars music) Cinematography Bradford Young Edited by Pietro Scalia Production company Lucasfilm Ltd. Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Release date May 10, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 10) (Los Angeles) May 25, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 25) (United States) Running time 135 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $275 million Box office $392.7 million Title: A Better Love Next Time Passage: "A Better Love Next Time" is a song written by Johnny Christopher and Bobby Wood, and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers. It was released in July 1989 as the second single from the album "". The song reached number 4 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was Haggard's last Top Ten hit. It was co-produced by Mark Yeary, keyboardist of The Strangers. Title: History of Korea Passage: After the end of WWII in 1945, the Allies divided the country into a northern area, protected by the Soviets, and a southern area protected primarily by the United States. In 1948, when the powers failed to agree on the formation of a single government, this partition became the modern states of North and South Korea. The peninsula was divided at the 38th Parallel: the ``Republic of Korea ''was created in the south, with the backing of the US and Western Europe, and the`` Democratic People's Republic of Korea'' in the north, with the backing of the Soviets and the communist People's Republic of China. The new premier of North Korea, Kim il - Sung launched the Korean War in 1950 in an attempt to reunify the country under Communist rule. After immense material and human destruction, the conflict ended with a cease - fire in 1953. The two nations officially remain at war because a peace treaty was never signed. Both states were accepted into the United Nations in 1991. Title: SKYY vodka Passage: SKYY vodka is an American vodka spirit produced by the Campari America division of Campari Group of Milan, Italy, formerly SKYY Spirits LLC. SKYY Vodka is 40% ABV or 80 proof, except in Australia and New Zealand where it is 37.5% ABV / 75 Proof and in South Africa where it is 43% ABV / 86 Proof. Its creator, Maurice Kanbar, claims the vodka is nearly congener-free due to its distillation process. That is why the popular company slogan is "Vodka so filtered - we even took the Russia out of it". The bottle is a cobalt blue with a clear, adhesive label. In 2008, SKYY expanded the SKYY Vodka line with seventeen new flavors, referred to as SKYY Infusions. These SKYY Infusions are made with fruit.	[ "Han Vodka", "History of Korea" ]
When did Alanders rejoin the country that has the Embassy of France, in the city where Abraham Hirsch died?	December 1917	[]	Title: Her Country's Call Passage: Her Country's Call is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Lloyd Ingraham. The film is the final installment in a series a films written by Abraham Lincoln impersonator Benjamin Chapin. Title: Armenia–Singapore relations Passage: Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia. Title: Abraham H. Esbenshade House Passage: The Abraham H. Esbenshade House is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Title: Dutch Republic Passage: The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today. Title: League of Nations Passage: Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League. Title: Embassy of France, Stockholm Passage: The Embassy of France in Stockholm is the diplomatic mission of the French Republic in Sweden. The chancery is located at Kommendörsgatan 13. Title: Barbara Aland Passage: Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002. Title: Kiss Me General Passage: Kiss Me General (original title: Martin Soldat) is a 1966 French comedy film directed by Michel Deville and starring Robert Hirsch, Véronique Vendell, Walter Rilla, Marlène Jobert and Anthony Sharp. An actor disguises himself as a soldier during the Second World War, but is mistaken for a soldier and becomes a war hero during the Allied Liberation of France in 1944. Title: Even If (Andy Abraham song) Passage: "Even If" is a song by Andy Abraham and the United Kingdom's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008, which took place in Belgrade, Serbia. It was released on 19 May 2008, stated by his official website. Title: Abraham Hirsch Passage: Abraham Hirsch (16 August 1815, Stockholm - 23 February 1900, Stockholm) was a Swedish music publisher, politician, and businessman. He played an instrumental role in establishing the Swedish Art Music Society in 1859. From 1869-1876 he was the CFO of "Aftonbladet" and for many year he was a councilman for the city of Stockholm. As a music publisher he published works for several notable Swedish composers, including Isidor Dannström, Ivar Hallström, Jacob Axel Josephson, Adolf Fredrik Lindblad, August Söderman, Emil Sjögren, and Gunnar Wennerberg among others. Title: Dubosq Passage: Dubosq was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Dubosq also took, as crew, the Bronze medal in the first race of the 1 to 2 ton and the 4th place in the second race of the 1 to 2 ton. Title: Embassy of France, London Passage: The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait. Title: Gaston Cailleux Passage: Gaston Cailleux was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. With Henri Monnot as helmsman and fellow crewmember Léon Tellier, Cailleux took 3rd place in first race of the 0 to 0.5 ton and finished 4th in the second race. Title: Iranian Embassy siege Passage: The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television. Title: List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France Passage: Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation. Title: Embassy of Armenia, London Passage: The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992. Title: Nigerian passport Passage: Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate. Title: Embassy of Bulgaria, London Passage: The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed. Title: Lucien Baudrier Passage: Lucien Baudrier (13 December 1861 – 22 October 1930) was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Baudrier also took, as crew, the Bronze medal in the first race of the 1 to 2 ton and the 4th place in the second race of the 1 to 2 ton. Title: Anne Pierre d'Harcourt Passage: Anne Pierre d'Harcourt was a French nobleman, notable as a duke of Harcourt and the fourth marshal of France from the House of Harcourt. He was the son of Henry d'Harcourt and great grandson of Abraham de Fabert, both marshals of France.	[ "Abraham Hirsch", "League of Nations", "Embassy of France, Stockholm" ]
Who paid £15 million to transfer the player who scored the most hat tricks in the Premier League to their club?	Newcastle United	[]	Title: Wayne Rooney Passage: During the first half of the 2006 -- 07 season, Rooney endured a ten - game scoreless streak before scoring a hat - trick against Bolton Wanderers. He subsequently signed a two - year contract extension the following month that tied him to United until 2012. In April 2007, he scored two goals in an 8 -- 3 aggregate Champions League quarter - final win over Roma and two more in the same competition later in the month, in a 3 -- 2 semi-final first leg victory over Milan. Rooney collected his first Premier League title winner's medal at the end of the 2006 -- 07 season. He scored 14 league goals that season. Title: Cristiano Ronaldo Passage: During the qualification for the 2014 World Cup, Ronaldo scored a total of eight goals. A qualifying match on 17 October 2012, a 1 -- 1 draw against Northern Ireland, earned him his 100th cap. His first international hat - trick also came against Northern Ireland, when he found the net three times in a 15 - minute spell of a 4 -- 2 qualifying victory on 6 September 2013. After Portugal failed to qualify during the regular campaign, Ronaldo scored all four of the team's goals in the play - offs against Sweden, which ensured their place at the tournament. His hat - trick in the second leg took his international tally to 47 goals, equaling Pauleta's record. Ronaldo subsequently scored twice in a 5 -- 1 friendly win over Cameroon on 5 March 2014 to become his country's all - time top scorer. Title: List of England national football team hat-tricks Passage: In the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, Geoff Hurst scored a hat - trick, generally considered one of the most famous of all time. The most recent hat - trick was scored by Harry Kane in England's victory over Panama in their second match of the Russia 2018 finals. Title: List of La Liga hat-tricks Passage: Below is the list of players that have scored a hat - trick in a La Liga match since the league's creation, in 1929. Since its creation, more than 100 players have scored at least a hat - trick. Cristiano Ronaldo has scored 34 La Liga hat - tricks, making him the player with the most hat - tricks in La Liga history. He is followed by Lionel Messi, with 30. Title: Premier League records and statistics Passage: Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9 -- 1 Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000) Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999) Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011) Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 Goals: 3 (1993 -- 1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers) Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 Goals: 4 (1993 -- 1997), Alan Shearer (1993 -- 1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996 -- 1997 for Newcastle United) Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 Goals: 5 (2001 -- 2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal) Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 Goals: 11 (2004 -- 2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United) Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 Goal: 21 (1992 -- 2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United) Fastest Premier League hat - trick: Sadio Mané, 2 minutes 56 seconds (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015) Highest number of different clubs to score for: 7: Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City) Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne Most own goals in a season: 4, Martin Škrtel (2013 -- 14) Most Hat - tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City) Most Goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (for Liverpool) Title: List of Premier League hat-tricks Passage: Rank Player Hat - tricks Last hat - trick Alan Shearer 11 19 September 1999 Robbie Fowler 9 26 December 2001 Sergio Agüero 8 10 February 2018 Thierry Henry 7 May 2006 Harry Kane 26 December 2017 Michael Owen 17 December 2005 7 Wayne Rooney 7 29 November 2017 8 Luis Suárez 6 22 March 2014 9 Dimitar Berbatov 5 26 December 2011 Andy Cole 30 August 1999 Ruud van Nistelrooy 27 September 2003 Robin van Persie 22 April 2013 Ian Wright 13 September 1997 14 Yakubu Aiyegbeni 3 December 2011 Kevin Campbell 8 May 1999 Jermain Defoe 13 January 2016 Les Ferdinand 25 November 2000 Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink 16 October 2004 Matthew Le Tissier 19 August 1995 Teddy Sheringham 26 August 2003 Chris Sutton 28 February 1998 Carlos Tevez 14 April 2012 Fernando Torres 29 April 2012 Dwight Yorke 25 February 2001 25 Emmanuel Adebayor 13 September 2008 Nicolas Anelka 1 November 2008 Tony Cottee 17 December 1994 Didier Drogba 14 August 2010 Dion Dublin 14 November 1998 Robbie Keane 26 September 2009 Frank Lampard 2 October 2011 Romelu Lukaku 4 February 2017 Ole Gunnar Solskjær 29 January 2002 Theo Walcott 24 May 2015 35 Demba Ba 31 October 2011 Christian Benteke 7 April 2015 Andy Carroll 9 April 2016 Kevin Gallacher 17 January 1998 Steven Gerrard 13 March 2012 Darren Huckerby 9 January 1999 Steffen Iversen 11 March 2000 Andrei Kanchelskis 27 April 1996 Paul Kitson 19 November 2001 Sadio Mané 1 May 2016 Benjani Mwaruwari 19 January 2008 Kevin Nolan 19 May 2013 Kevin Phillips 26 December 2000 Fabrizio Ravanelli 5 March 1997 Maxi Rodríguez 9 May 2011 Alexis Sánchez 3 December 2016 Paul Scholes 12 April 2003 Mark Viduka 5 April 2003 Callum Wilson 18 November 2017 Tony Yeboah 23 September 1995 Title: Cristiano Ronaldo Passage: Born and raised on the Portuguese island of Madeira, Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart at age 15. He underwent an operation to treat his condition, and began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP, before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003. After winning his first trophy, the FA Cup, during his first season in England, he helped United win three successive Premier League titles, a UEFA Champions League title, and a FIFA Club World Cup. By age 22, he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations and at age 23, he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2009, Ronaldo was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth €94 million (£80 million). Title: List of Test cricket hat-tricks Passage: A player has taken two hat - tricks in the same Test match only once. Playing for Australia against South Africa in the first match of the 1912 Triangular Tournament at Old Trafford, Manchester, England, leg spinner Jimmy Matthews took a hat - trick in South Africa's first and second innings, both taken on 28 May 1912. He completed both hat - tricks by dismissing South Africa's Tommy Ward. Only three other cricketers have taken more than one Test hat - trick: Australian off spinner Hugh Trumble (two years apart, between the same teams at the same ground), Pakistani fast bowler Wasim Akram (just over a week apart, in consecutive matches between the same teams) and English fast bowler Stuart Broad. Three players have taken a hat - trick on their Test debut: English medium pace bowler Maurice Allom in 1930, New Zealand off - spinner Peter Petherick in 1976, and Australian pace bowler Damien Fleming in 1994. Geoff Griffin took the fewest total Test wickets of any player who recorded a hat - trick, taking only eight wickets in his entire Test career. During the match in which he took his hat - trick, Griffin was repeatedly called for throwing by the umpires and never bowled again in a Test match. Australian Peter Siddle is the only bowler to take a hat - trick on his birthday, and Bangladeshi off spinner Sohag Gazi is the only player to score a century and take a hat - trick in the same Test match. Title: Robinho Passage: On 1 September 2008, the final day of the Premier League summer transfer window, Robinho completed a €41–42 million (£32.5M) move to Manchester City on a four-year deal. This occurred on the same day the club was bought out by the Arab investment company Abu Dhabi United Group.Robinho had previously been linked with a transfer to Chelsea, and he had emphasised his desire to play for the London club up to the eve of the transfer. On 27 August, Chelsea chief executive Peter Kenyon said that the club were "confident" that the transaction would go through, and Madrid had also given their consent for the player to leave. Robinho's expectancy to move to Chelsea was such that upon signing for Manchester City he accidentally stated, "On the last day, Chelsea made a great proposal and I accepted." To this comment, a reporter then replied, "You mean Manchester, right?" "Yeah, Manchester, sorry!" answered Robinho.In an interview with The Guardian, Robinho stated that Manchester City being a big club and the presence of Brazilian friends Jô and Elano were incentives for him to join the team. He made his team debut and scored his first Premier League goal on 13 September 2008, coincidentally in a 3–1 home defeat to Chelsea. Title: Hat-trick Passage: Wayne Gretzky holds the NHL record for the most hat tricks in a career with 50. Harry Hyland scored the league's first hat trick, in the league's very first game on 19 December 1917, in which Hyland's Montreal Wanderers defeated the Toronto Arenas 10 -- 9. Title: Mateo Kovačić Passage: On 31 January 2013, Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan. It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total, with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League. Upon his arrival, Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt, previously worn by Wesley Sneijder. Title: List of FIFA World Cup hat-tricks Passage: The first hat - trick was scored by Bert Patenaude of the United States, playing against Paraguay in 1930; the most recent was by Harry Kane of England, playing against Panama on 24 June 2018. Title: List of FIFA World Cup hat-tricks Passage: Only one man has scored a hat - trick in a World Cup Final. Geoff Hurst scored three for England against West Germany in the 1966 Final. This is also the longest hat - trick to be completed -- most time between the first and third goals. His first goal came at 10 ', while the second goals were in extra time at 98' and 120 '. Title: Kevin De Bruyne Passage: On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six - year contract, for a reported club - record fee of £55 million (€75 million) making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014. He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute. On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2 -- 1 loss. He went on to score in a 4 -- 1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4 -- 1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September. On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6 -- 1 win against Newcastle United. Title: John Veitch (footballer) Passage: John Gould Veitch (19 July 1869 – 3 October 1914) was an English amateur footballer, who played for the Corinthian club in the 1890s. He made one appearance for England playing at inside left in 1894, in which he scored a hat trick. Title: Wayne Rooney Passage: Rooney joined the Everton youth team at the age of 9, and made his professional debut for the club in 2002 at the age of 16. He spent two seasons at the Merseyside club, before moving to Manchester United for £25.6 million in the 2004 summer transfer window. He won 16 trophies with the club, including five Premier League titles, the FA Cup and the Champions League in 2008. He scored 253 goals for the club in all competitions which makes him their top goalscorer of all time. His 200 Premier League goals make him the competition's second top scorer of all time, behind Alan Shearer. Rooney holds the record for most goals for one club in the Premier League, with 183 for Manchester United. Title: Rohit Sharma Passage: Rohit Sharma is one of the most successful players in Indian Premier League (IPL) and has the unique record of finishing the match by scoring a last - ball six. He has one century and a hat - trick to his name. He is also one of the few players to score more than 4000 runs in the IPL. Title: Cristiano Ronaldo Passage: Ronaldo scored his first and only hat - trick for Manchester United in a 6 -- 0 win against Newcastle United on 12 January 2008, bringing United up to the top of the Premier League table. A month later, on 19 March, he captained United for the first time in a home win over Bolton, and scored both goals of the match. His second goal was his 33rd of the campaign, which bettered George Best's total of 32 goals in the 1967 -- 68 season, thus setting the club's new single - season record by a midfielder. Ronaldo scored his final league goal of the season from the penalty spot in the title decider against Wigan on 11 May, as United claimed a second successive Premier League title. His 31 league goals earned him the Premier League Golden Boot, as well as the European Golden Shoe, which made him the first winger to win the latter award. Title: Premier League records and statistics Passage: Most goals in a season (38 games): 31, joint record: Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995 -- 96) Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, 2007 -- 08) Luis Suárez (Liverpool, 2013 -- 14) Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017 -- 18) Most games scored in during a Premier League season: 23, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017 -- 18) Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017) Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record: 20 - team league: Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996 -- 97) Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011 -- 12) 22 - team league: Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993 -- 94) Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994 -- 95) Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999 -- 2000) Most Premier League hat - tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995 -- 96) Most Premier League hat - tricks: 11, Alan Shearer Most goals in a game: 5, joint record: Andy Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9 -- 0 Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8 -- 0 Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9 -- 1 Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7 -- 1 Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6 -- 1 Title: Premier League Passage: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996. The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.	[ "Premier League", "List of Premier League hat-tricks" ]
Where are most skyscrapers located in the city where the director of Marathon Man was born?	in the two financial districts	[]	Title: Zhu Xiaolin Passage: She won at the Yangzhou Half Marathon in April 2007. Zhu finished fourth at the 2007 World Championships marathon. In the following year she achieved the same result, finishing fourth in the 2008 Olympics Marathon. In 2009 Zhu Xiaolin took part in the 2009 World Championships Marathon, resulting in a fifth place in 2:26:08 this time. Title: London Passage: In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings. Nevertheless, there are a number of very tall skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 95-storey Shard London Bridge, the tallest building in the European Union. Title: Ana Isabel Alonso Passage: Ana Isabel Alonso (born 16 August 1961 in Villaherreros, Palencia) is a former long-distance runner from Spain, who represented her native country in three Summer Olympics: 1988, 1996 and 2000. Her best finish came at her Olympic debut in Seoul, South Korea, where Alonso ended up in 25th place in the women's 10.000 metres race. In Atlanta, Georgia and Sydney, Australia she ran the marathon, finishing in 49th (2:44:12) and 30th (2:36.45) place. In 2000, she won the Rotterdam Marathon. Title: Porte Kanazawa Passage: The is a skyscraper located in Kanazawa, Isikawa Prefecture, Japan. Construction of the 131-metre, 30-story skyscraper was finished in 1994. Title: Mariela González Passage: Mariela González Torres (born 5 April 1974) is a female marathon runner from Cuba, who won the gold medal in the women's marathon at the 2007 Pan American Games. She represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, finishing in 59th place. Title: Marathon Man (film) Passage: Marathon Man is a 1976 American suspense-thriller film directed by John Schlesinger. It was adapted by William Goldman from his 1974 novel of the same name and stars Dustin Hoffman, Laurence Olivier, Roy Scheider, William Devane and Marthe Keller. In the film, "Babe" Levy, a graduate student (Hoffman), becomes embroiled in a plot by Nazi war criminal Christian Szell (Olivier) to retrieve stolen diamonds from a safety deposit box owned by Szell's dead brother. Babe becomes unwittingly involved due to his brother, Doc's (Roy Scheider), dealings with Szell. Title: 1995 Canoe Marathon European Championships Passage: The 1995 Canoe Marathon European Championships were the first edition of the Canoe Marathon European Championships, which took place on 20–21 May 1995 in Murcia, Spain. The races were held in the Mar Menor lagoon, near Los Alcázares. Title: 2014 London Marathon Passage: The 2014 London Marathon took place on Sunday 13 April 2014. It was the 34th running of the annual mass-participation marathon race and the second World Marathon Major of the year. Title: Kagoshima Prefectural Government Building Passage: The is a skyscraper located in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Construction of the 93-metre, 18-storey skyscraper was finished in 1996. Title: Snickers Passage: In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 19 July 1990. Snickers brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets. Title: Ritva Lemettinen Passage: Ritva Kaija Hannele Melender (née "Lemettinen", born 9 September 1960 in Ylistaro) is a retired female marathon runner from Finland. She represented her native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, finishing in 14th place in the women's marathon. She is a two-time winner of the Chicago Marathon, having topped the podium in 1993 and 1995. Her personal best time is 2:28:00 set at the London Marathon in 1995. This is also the current national record. Title: Save New York Passage: "Save New York" is a shoot 'em up game where the player has to protect New York City from invading aliens. The game takes place on a single static screen with various skyscraper buildings and a subway tunnel running underneath them. At either edge of the screen is an airplane launching pad. Title: Satymkul Dzhumanazarov Passage: Satymkul Dzhumanazarov (; 17 September 1951 – 2 April 2007) was a Soviet athlete from Kyrgyzstan who competed mainly in the marathon. He competed for the USSR at the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, Soviet Union, where he won the bronze medal in the men's marathon. Title: Angélica de Almeida Passage: Angélica de Almeida (born March 25, 1965) is a retired female marathon runner from Brazil, who won the 1986 edition of the Buenos Aires Marathon. She represented her native country in the women's marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, finishing in 44th place. Title: Inside Man Passage: Principal photography for "Inside Man" took place on location in New York City; filming began in June 2005 and concluded in August after 43 days. Universal Pictures provided a budget of $45 million. By filming in New York, the production was eligible for the city's "Made in NY" incentives program. Interior sets were created at the New York-based Steiner Studios, and "Inside Man" was the second film (after 2005's "The Producers") to be shot inside the 15-acre facility. Title: Piazza Duca d'Aosta Passage: The Piazza Duca d'Aosta is a large and busy square in Milan, Italy, where Milan's Central Station, the Pirelli Tower and the city's business district is located. It is well known for containing the architecturally impressive and majestic Milan Central Station, several skyscrapers (including the Pirelli Tower) and exclusive hotels, such as the Excelsior Hotel Gallia. Title: Stefaan Engels Passage: Stefaan Engels (born 7 April 1961, Ghent, Belgium), also known as "marathon man", is a Belgian marathoner and triathlete, the first man to run the marathon distance 365 consecutive times in a single year. He also holds the record for the most Ironman Triathlons in a year with 20 over 2007 and 2008. Title: Terminus (1961 film) Passage: Terminus is a 1961 British Transport Film documentary (filmed in August, 1960) directed by John Schlesinger which presents a "fly-on-the-wall" look at an ordinary day at Waterloo station in London. Along with most British Transport Films, it was produced by Edgar Anstey. It was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Documentary and, for a time, the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, before being disqualified after it was discovered that the film was first released prior to the eligibility period. Original music was by Ron Grainer. Title: Bay of Fundy International Marathon Passage: The Bay of Fundy International Marathon is a marathon between Lubec, Maine, United States and Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Canada. A 10K is also organized alongside the marathon. The 10K takes place entirely within Lubec. Title: 2014 New York City Marathon Passage: The 44th New York City Marathon took place on November 2, 2014. It was won by Wilson Kipsang of Kenya with a time of 2:10:59 and Mary Keitany of Kenya with a time of 2:25:07. It was the largest marathon ever, with a record number of 50869 starters and 50564 finishers, and an average finish time of 4:34:45. With 50,564 finishers, the 2014 New York City Marathon broke the record for most finishers.	[ "London", "Terminus (1961 film)", "Marathon Man (film)" ]
When does the school year start in the country the band that Bengt Lagerberg is part of is from?	mid / late August	[]	Title: Yasemin Dalkılıç Passage: Yasemin Dalkılıç was born and grew up in Ankara, Turkey, some away from the nearest coast. At age 14, she was a member of the national monofin finswimming team, where she stayed for several years and set several Turkish records. By the time she was 16, she had established herself as the best freediver in her country. In 1996, she started as a student in the mathematics department at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, where she became a member of the Subaqua Society. Title: Labogon National High School Passage: Labogon National High school is an academic institution under the public school system of the Republic of the Philippines. The school started its operation in 1999 with one freshmen and one sophomore section. The enrollment rate grows to as much as 5% per year. As of 2012, the school serves more than a thousand students with the aid of its 28 full-time faculty members. Title: Bengt Lagerberg Passage: Bengt Lagerberg (born 5 July 1973), is best known as the drummer in the Swedish rock band The Cardigans. He is currently living in Malmö. Title: Blue Ain't Your Color Passage: ``Blue Ai n't Your Color ''is a song recorded by New Zealand - born Australian country music singer Keith Urban and written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey and Clint Lagerberg. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from his ninth studio album, Ripcord, through Hit Red and Capitol Nashville. The song was produced by Dann Huff. Title: John Doman Passage: Doman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is an alumnus of Northeast Catholic High School. He is a 1962 graduate of North, an All-Catholic League football player and a member of the school's Hall of Fame. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature from the University of Pennsylvania in 1966. While at Penn, he was a three-year letterman and starting defensive back with the Quakers football team from 1963 to 1965. He also earned a Master of Business Administration degree in marketing from Pennsylvania State University in 1972. Title: Pacific Academy Passage: Pacific Academy is a private Christian school in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada that spans from preschool to Grade 12. The school has 4 classes per grade, and has over 200 staff members as well as 1500 students. It was started by Jim Pattison, a billionaire who donated money to create Pacific Academy. Pacific Academy also has an outreach program (PAOS) that spans the far reaches of the globe. For example, it supports the Kibaale community schools in Uganda. Pacific Academy is considered to be one of the most prestigious high schools in the Lower Mainland, and has one of the highest academic performance in the province of British Columbia. Pacific Academy was ranked by the Fraser Institute in the school year of 2017/2018, as 7th out of 251 British Columbian Secondary Schools. Title: Summer vacation Passage: Summer vacation (also called summer holiday or summer break) is a school holiday in summer between school years and the break in the school year. Students and instructors are off school from doing work typically between 8 and 9 weeks, depending on the country and district. In the United States, summer break is approximately 2.5 to 3 months, with students typically getting out of school between late May and mid-June and starting the new school year between mid-August and early September. In Republic of Ireland, Italy, Greece, Lithuania, Latvia, Lebanon, Romania and Russia, the summer break is normally three months, compared to six to eight weeks in Australia, Britain, Canada, Pakistan, India, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany. Title: Huntingtower School Passage: Huntingtower School is an independent, co-educational, non-denominational, day school and boarding school, located in the eastern Melbourne suburb of Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia. The school currently caters for approximately 730 students from pre-prep to Year 12. Huntingtower is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria (AISV) and is a member of the Eastern Independent Schools of Melbourne (EISM). It is a member of the Victorian Ecumenical System of Schools (VESS). Title: The Cardigans Passage: The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1992 by guitarist Peter Svensson, bassist Magnus Sveningsson, drummer Bengt Lagerberg, keyboardist Lars-Olof Johansson and lead singer Nina Persson. The group's line-up has been very stable, the only change being that their post-hiatus shows since 2012 have been with Oskar Humlebo on guitar instead of Svensson. Title: Pasquotank County High School Passage: Pasquotank County High School is a school in Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, North Carolina, USA. PCHS's mascot is the Panther. Its school colors are navy blue and silver. It is one of three high schools in the Elizabeth City-Pasquotank Public Schools system; the other (sometimes considered a rival) is Northeastern High School. PCHS was established in 2000 to relieve the population of Northeastern High; however, all members of the senior class of 2001 remained at Northeastern, making the class of 2002 the first graduating class of Pasquotank County High. The class of 2004 was the first group of students to start at the school as freshmen and graduate from there, spending all four years as PCHS Panthers. Title: Bengt Snivil Passage: Arguably, Bengt Snivil was that Bengt or Benedict, who was son of riksjarl Folke the Fat and Ingegerd Knutsdotter of Denmark, daughter of king Canute IV of Denmark. Title: Alexey Maresyev Passage: In 1952, Maresyev graduated from the Higher Party School. In 1956, he obtained a Ph.D. in History and started working in the Soviet War Veterans Committee. Eventually, he became a member of the Supreme Soviet. Title: Now That's What I Call Music! Passage: Now That's What I Call Music! (often shortened to Now!) is a series of various artists compilation albums released in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Sony Music and Universal Music (Universal/Sony Music) which began in 1983. Spinoff series began for other countries the following year, starting with South Africa, and many other countries worldwide soon followed, expanding into Asia in 1995, then the United States in 1998. Title: Education in Sweden Passage: Education in Sweden is mandatory for all children between age 7 and age 16. The school year in Sweden runs from mid / late August to early / mid June. The Christmas holiday from mid December to early January divides the Swedish school year into two terms. Homeschooling is closely supervised by the government and very limited. Title: Just Got Started Lovin' You Passage: "Just Got Started Lovin' You" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in July 2007 as the first single from his album "Sunset Man". On the Hot Country Songs chart dated for May 17, 2008, the song has also become Otto's first (and to date, his only) number-one hit. The song was also the number one song on Billboard's year-end 2008 Hot Country Songs chart. Title: Bengt-Åke Gustafsson Passage: Bengt-Åke Gustafsson (born 23 March 1958) is a Swedish ice hockey coach and retired Swedish ice hockey player. Gustafsson is a former head coach of the Sweden men's national ice hockey team, a post he held from February 2005 to May 2010. During his American career he was often called "Bengt Gustafsson" or "Gus". Title: Secret Cities Passage: Secret Cities is an independent rock band from North Dakota. Its founding members, Charles Gokey and Marie J. Parker, met at a band camp in July 2001, while in high school. Although the two lived 500 km apart, in Fargo, North Dakota and Williston, North Dakota, respectively, the two started making music by exchanging tapes in the mail and composing using four-track recorders. They continued in this fashion until February 2004, when the pair changed their name to The Foliage and put out their first release on Fall Records, a split with In Ink Please entitled "How to Make Better Love." In July 2005 the band released a mini-LP, "Zurich" on Fall Records under the moniker The White Foliage. The group also added a third member, Alex Abnos, during a tour of the Midwest in that year. Title: Twelfth grade Passage: Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America. In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13. In most countries students then graduate at age 17 -- 18. Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade / year at all. Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year. Title: Education in France Passage: Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré - maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section (``big form '') is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading. Title: Mandy Rain Passage: Amanda Rose Moseley (born December 20, 1993) better known by her stage name Mandy Rain, is an American recording artist, dancer, and actress. Rain started her acting career at a young age. In 2007, Rain auditioned for Star Camp, a Nickelodeon television show that focuses on the making of a super star musical group. Rain was chosen along with seven other kids to join the show and The Giggle Club. The band disbanded shortly after the series' finale. Shortly afterwards, The Giggle Club's producer Nick Cannon decided to groom Rain for a solo career. Cannon started bringing Rain to recording studios to record songs while he was drafting a show for her called The Diaries of Mandy Rain. After hearing one of the tracks Rain had recorded, Cannon got inspired by it and decided to start drafting a different show about three private school girls. After several months, Canon formed School Gyrls. The original line up featured Rain, Monica Parales, and Jacque Pyles. In the summer of 2009, School Gyrls starred in a movie Canon had written called School Gyrls which premiered on Nickelodeon on February 21, 2010. Shortly afterwards, they released a self-titled album "School Gyrls". Later that year, they also released a holiday album titled "A Very School Gyrls Holla-Day". Rain and Pyles left the group shortly after the release of the holiday album to focus on their solo careers.	[ "Education in Sweden", "The Cardigans", "Bengt Lagerberg" ]
On what date was the end of the battle named for the city where Paul Mattison was born?	30 December 1460	[]	Title: Battle of Wakefield Passage: The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster and his Queen Margaret of Anjou on one side, and the army of Richard, Duke of York, the rival claimant to the throne, on the other. Title: Paul Mattison Passage: Paul Andrew Mattison (born 24 April 1973 in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England) was an English footballer who played as a midfielder for Darlington in The Football League. Title: Battle of Graus Passage: The Battle of Graus was a battle of the "Reconquista", traditionally said to have taken place on 8 May 1063. Antonio Ubieto Arteta, in his "Historia de Aragón", re-dated the battle to 1069. The late twelfth-century "Chronica naierensis" dates the encounter to 1070. Either in or as a result of the battle, Ramiro I of Aragon, one of the protagonists, died. Title: Battle of Manila Bay Passage: The Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history. Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Battle of Stromboli Passage: The naval Battle of Stromboli took place on 8 January 1676 during the Franco-Dutch War between a French fleet of 20 ships under Abraham Duquesne and a combined fleet of 19 allied ships (18 Dutch and one Spanish ship) under Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter that lasted eight hours and ended inconclusively. The fleets fought again at the Battle of Augusta. Title: Mike Mattison Passage: Mike Mattison is an American musician and vocalist of the Grammy Award-winning blues rock/soul group, the Tedeschi Trucks Band, as well as lead vocalist and co-founder of the blues rock trio Scrapomatic. Mattison's vocal sound has been described as "strong," with an "expressive blues voice". As lead vocalist of Scrapomatic, he picked up a nomination for Minnesota Music Awards best male vocalist, and both he and co-founder Paul Olsen were also nominated for best R&B Group. Mattison was previously the lead vocalist of the Grammy Award winning Derek Trucks Band and has been a main songwriter of all three bands. He is also an active essayist who publishes on music and poetry. Since 2013 Mattison and Ernest Suarez have edited “Hot Rocks: Songs and Verse,” an ongoing feature in Five Points: A Journal of Literature and Art. He serves on the Council of the Association of Literary Critics, Scholars, and Writers. Title: Peter Fliesteden Passage: Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date. Title: International Who's Who in Music Passage: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements. Title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series) Passage: Season Presenters Start date End date Days in camp Campmates Honour places Winner Second place Third place Chris Brown and Julia Morris 1 February 2015 (2015 - 02 - 01) 15 March 2015 (2015 - 03 - 15) 45 14 Freddie Flintoff Barry Hall Chrissie Swan 31 January 2016 (2016 - 01 - 31) 13 March 2016 (2016 - 03 - 13) 45 12 Brendan Fevola Paul Harragon Laurina Fleure 29 January 2017 (2017 - 01 - 29) 13 March 2017 (2017 - 03 - 13) 46 14 Casey Donovan Dane Swan Natalie Bassingthwaighte 28 January 2018 (2018 - 01 - 28) 12 March 2018 (2018 - 03 - 12) 45 15 Fiona O'Loughlin Shannon Noll Danny Green 5 2019 2019 Title: Battle of Fort Frontenac Passage: The Battle of Fort Frontenac took place on August 26–28, 1758 during the Seven Years' War (referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States) between France and Great Britain. The location of the battle was Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post which is located at the site of present-day Kingston, Ontario, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario where it drains into the St. Lawrence River. Title: Battle of Bothwell Bridge Passage: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge, or Bothwell Brig, took place on 22 June 1679. It was fought between government troops and militant Presbyterian Covenanters, and signalled the end of their brief rebellion. The battle took place at the bridge over the River Clyde in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire near Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011. Title: Battle of Adrianople Passage: The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) led by Fritigern. The battle took place in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia (modern Edirne in European Turkey). It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens. Title: Battle of Lade (201 BC) Passage: The Battle of Lade was fought between the navy of Rhodes and the navy of Macedon. The battle took place in 201 BC and it was part of the Cretan War. The battle was fought off the shore of Asia Minor and the island of Lade, near Miletus. The battle ended in a crushing victory for the Macedonians and it nearly spelled the end for the Rhodians but the result of this battle caused the Romans to intervene and Rhodes was saved. Title: Millennials Passage: Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom. Title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series) Passage: Season Presenters Start date End date Days in camp Campmates Honour places Winner Second place Third place Chris Brown and Julia Morris 1 February 2015 (2015 - 02 - 01) 15 March 2015 (2015 - 03 - 15) 45 14 Freddie Flintoff Barry Hall Chrissie Swan 31 January 2016 (2016 - 01 - 31) 13 March 2016 (2016 - 03 - 13) 45 12 Brendan Fevola Paul Harragon Laurina Fleure 29 January 2017 (2017 - 01 - 29) 13 March 2017 (2017 - 03 - 13) 46 14 Casey Donovan Dane Swan Natalie Bassingthwaighte 28 January 2018 (2018 - 01 - 28) 12 March 2018 (2018 - 03 - 12) 45 15 Fiona O'Loughlin Shannon Noll Danny Green Title: Nikitaras Passage: The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands. Title: Christmas Passage: Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual. Title: Léopold Montagnier Passage: Léopold Montagnier (date of birth unknown, died April 1943) was a Swiss fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.	[ "Paul Mattison", "Battle of Wakefield" ]
When was the last time the team that Georgia beat in the 1980 national championship, won a national championship in football?	1988	[]	Title: Georgia Bulldogs football Passage: The Georgia Bulldogs football program represents the University of Georgia in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home games at historic Sanford Stadium on the university's Athens, Georgia, campus. Georgia's inaugural season was in 1892. UGA claims two consensus national championships (1942 and 1980); the AP and Coaches Polls have each voted the Bulldogs the national champion once (1980); Georgia has also been named the National Champion by at least one polling authority in three other seasons (1927, 1946 and 1968). The Bulldogs have won 15 conference championships, including 13 SEC championships (tied for second-most all - time), and have appeared in 54 bowl games, tied for second-most all - time. The program has also produced two Heisman Trophy winners, four number - one National Football League (NFL) draft picks, and many winners of other national awards. The team is known for its storied history, unique traditions, and rabid fan base. Georgia has won over 800 games in their history, placing them 11th all - time in wins. Title: 2009 BCS National Championship Game Passage: The 2009 FedEx BCS National Championship Game was an American football game played at Dolphin Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, on January 8, 2009. It was the national championship game for the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and featured the second-ranked Florida Gators against the top-ranked Oklahoma Sooners. The two participants were determined by the BCS Rankings to decide the BCS National Championship. Television coverage in the United States was provided by Fox, and radio coverage by ESPN Radio. The game was the last BCS Championship to air on Fox; starting with the 2010 game, ABC or ESPN televised the championship. Title: Super Bowl XXXIV Passage: Super Bowl XXXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams (now the Los Angeles Rams) and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Tennessee Titans to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1999 season. The Rams defeated the Titans by the score of 23 -- 16, capturing their first Super Bowl win and first NFL championship since 1951. The game, played on January 30, 2000 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, was the fourth Super Bowl to be held a week after the conference championship games (the previous time this happened was Super Bowl XXVIII, and coincidentally that game was also played on January 30 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta). Title: 1980 Georgia Bulldogs football team Passage: The 1980 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 12 -- 0 record. The Bulldogs had a regular season Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 6 -- 0. The Bulldogs completed their season with a victory over Notre Dame in the Sugar Bowl, 17 -- 10, and were crowned the 1980 national champions. Title: George Terlep Passage: George Rudolph "Duke" Terlep (April 12, 1923 – May 17, 2010) was an American football player, coach, and general manager who was on a college national championship team at Notre Dame in 1943 and won another championship while playing for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) in 1948. Terlep also won two Grey Cup championships in the Canadian Football League (CFL), once as an assistant with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and once as the general manager of the Ottawa Rough Riders. Title: Indu Puri Passage: Indu Puri (born 1953) is a former Indian international female Table tennis sportsperson in the 1970s and 1980s. She won the National women's singles title a record eight times. Her highest rankings have been: international 63 (1985), Asian 8, and Commonwealth (2), she was the first Indian to beat a world champion, beating Pak Yung-Sun of North Korea in the 1978 Asian Table Tennis Championships at Kuala Lumpur. Title: Georgia Bulldogs football Passage: The Georgia Bulldogs football program represents the University of Georgia in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home games at historic Sanford Stadium on the university's Athens, Georgia, campus. Georgia's inaugural season was in 1892. UGA claims two consensus national championships (1942 and 1980); the AP and Coaches Polls have each voted the Bulldogs the national champion once (1980); Georgia has also been named the National Champion by at least one polling authority in three other seasons (1927, 1946 and 1968). The Bulldogs have won 15 conference championships, including 13 SEC championships (tied for 2nd most all - time), and have appeared in 54 bowl games, tied for second most all - time. The program has also produced two Heisman Trophy winners, four No. 1 National Football League (NFL) draft picks, and many winners of other national awards. The team is known for its storied history, unique traditions, and rabid fan base. Georgia has won over 800 games in their history, placing them 11th all time in wins. Title: Giovanna Troldi Passage: Giovanna Troldi (born 31 October 1968) is a road cyclist from Italy. She represented her nation at the 2003 UCI Road World Championships. She won in 2002, 2003 and 2004 the Italian National Time Trial Championships. Title: Kilrush Shamrocks GAA Passage: Kilrush Shamrocks are a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in Kilrush, County Clare, Ireland. They have won the Clare Senior Football championship 21 times, more than any other club in the county, the last title coming in 1987 when the Shams beat Doonbeg. Title: Tony McManus (Gaelic footballer) Passage: Tony McManus (born 14 April 1957) is a former Gaelic footballer from County Roscommon, Ireland. He played with the Roscommon intercounty team from the 1970s until the 1990s. He had much success winning Connacht Senior Football Championships in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1990, 1991, a National League Title in 1979, an All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship in 1978, he also played in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final in 1980 when Roscommon lost out to Kerry, he also won an All Star Award in 1989. Title: College Football Playoff National Championship Passage: Season Date Winner Loser Game Site MVP 2014 January 12, 2015 4 Ohio State Big Ten Champions 42 2 Oregon Pac - 12 Champions 20 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship AT&T Stadium Arlington, Texas Ezekiel Elliott (offense) Tyvis Powell (defense) 2015 January 11, 2016 2 Alabama SEC Champions 45 1 Clemson ACC Champions 40 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship University of Phoenix Stadium Glendale, Arizona O.J. Howard (offense) Eddie Jackson (defense) 2016 January 9, 2017 2 Clemson ACC Champions 35 1 Alabama SEC Champions 31 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship Raymond James Stadium Tampa, Florida Deshaun Watson (offense) Ben Boulware (defense) 2017 January 8, 2018 TBD TBD 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship Mercedes - Benz Stadium Atlanta, Georgia 2018 January 7, 2019 TBD TBD 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship Levi's Stadium Santa Clara, California 2019 January 13, 2020 TBD TBD 2020 College Football Playoff National Championship Mercedes - Benz Superdome New Orleans, Louisiana 2020 January 11, 2021 TBD TBD 2021 College Football Playoff National Championship Hard Rock Stadium Miami Gardens, Florida 2021 January 10, 2022 TBD TBD 2022 College Football Playoff National Championship Lucas Oil Stadium Indianapolis, Indiana 2022 January 9, 2023 TBD TBD 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park Inglewood, California 2023 January 8, 2024 TBD TBD 2024 College Football Playoff National Championship NRG Stadium Houston, Texas Title: List of Cleveland Browns seasons Passage: The Cleveland Browns were a charter member club of the All - America Football Conference (AAFC) when the league was founded in 1946. From 1946 to 1949, the Browns won each of the league's four championships. The National Football League (NFL) does not recognize the Browns' AAFC championships; however, the Pro Football Hall of Fame does recognize the team's championships, which is reflected in this list. When the AAFC folded in 1949, the Browns were absorbed into the NFL in 1950. The Browns went on to win three NFL championships, nearly dominating the NFL in the 1950s, and won one more NFL championship in 1964. The team has yet to appear in a Super Bowl, however. Overall, the team has won eight championships: four in the AAFC, and four in the NFL. Title: Uruguay at the FIFA World Cup Passage: Uruguay have won four FIFA - organized World Football Championships. They won the first World Championship organized by FIFA under the Olympic Committee umbrella with true representation from all continents; before then, football in the Olympics comprised only European teams). Uruguay then won the next two World Championships (Jules Rimet Trophy) in which they participated; these tournaments, the 1930 and 1950 FIFA World Cups, were fully independent from the Olympics and employed clear rules distinguishing professional and amateur football players. Since 1924 marked the beginning of true international football competition, organized by FIFA, FIFA recognizes Uruguay as four - time world champions and allows the team to wear four stars on their uniforms during official international football competitions. (Before 1974, the FIFA World Cup was referred to as the Football World Championship, and the nine champions from 1930 to 1970 received replicas of the Jules Rimet Trophy. Uruguay hosted and won the first FIFA World Cup in 1930, beating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final. They won their fourth and last title in 1950, upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match. The team have qualified for twelve World Cups, reaching the second round in all but three, the semifinals five times, and the finals twice. They also won the gold medal in Olympic football twice, in 1924 and 1928, before the creation of the World Cup. Uruguay won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament comprising former World Cup champions hosted in Uruguay to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first World Championship. Uruguay is one of the most successful teams in the world, having won 19 FIFA official titles: 2 World Championships, 2 Olympic Games, and 15 Copa América championships. Title: Super Bowl XXVIII Passage: Super Bowl XXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1993 season. The Cowboys defeated the Bills by the score of 30–13, winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history, tying the Pittsburgh Steelers and the San Francisco 49ers for most Super Bowl wins. The game was played on January 30, 1994, at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. Since the 1993 regular season was conducted over 18 weeks (two byes per team), the traditional bye week between the conference championship games and the Super Bowl was not employed; the last time this happened was before Super Bowl XXV. Title: SEC Championship Game Passage: SEC Football Championship Game Conference Football Championship SEC Logo Sport Football Conference Southeastern Conference Current stadium Mercedes - Benz Stadium Current location Atlanta, Georgia Played 1992 -- present Last contest 2017 Current champion Georgia Most championships Alabama (7) Florida (7) TV partner (s) CBS Official website SECSports.com - Football Sponsors Dr Pepper (1992 -- present) Host stadiums Legion Field (1992 -- 1993) Georgia Dome (1994 -- 2016) Mercedes - Benz Stadium (2017 -- present) Host locations Birmingham, Alabama (1992 -- 1993) Atlanta, Georgia (1994 -- present) Title: Sarah Docter Passage: Sarah Beth Docter (born May 10, 1964) is a retired American speed skater. She won several U.S. national championships in the 1970s, and in 1978 she won U.S. national titles in both short track and long track. That year she went on to the world short-track championships, in which she won the 1500 m and 3000 m events and the overall competition. In 1980, she competed in all speed skating events at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, with the best achievement of tenth place in the 3000 m. In addition to skating career, she is also a cyclist, and once took part in the World Cycling Championships. Title: Notre Dame Fighting Irish football Passage: Notre Dame claims national championships in an additional three seasons before the major poll era, for a total of 11. Notre Dame, however, is often credited with 13 consensus national championships in total. The 1938 and 1953 seasons are part of the reason for the discrepancy. In the 1938 season, 8 -- 1 Notre Dame was awarded the national championship by the Dickinson System, while Texas Christian (which finished 11 -- 0) was awarded the championship by the Associated Press. In the 1953 season, an undefeated Notre Dame team (9 -- 0 -- 1) was named national champion by every major selector except the AP and UPI (Coaches') polls, where the Irish finished second in both to 10 -- 1 Maryland. As Notre Dame has a policy of only recognizing AP and Coaches' Poll national championships post-1936, the school does not officially recognize the 1938 and 1953 national championships. The NCAA does not list 1938 and 1953 but does recognize 1919 and 1964, making Notre Dame a national champion selection in thirteen seasons: 1919, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1964, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1988. Notre Dame has been voted national champion by at least one selector in an additional nine seasons: 1920, 1927, 1938, 1953, 1967, 1970, 1989, 1993, and 2012 In short, Notre Dame has 3 National Champions selected by the Coaches' Poll (1950 -) and 8 selected by the AP Poll (1936 -). The program claims 11 championships, the NCAA recognizes them with 13, and they've been selected National Champions 21 times by all NCAA recognized ``major selectors. '' Title: 1894–95 Netherlands Football League Championship Passage: The Netherlands Football League Championship 1894/1895 was contested by six teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem, Rotterdam and Wageningen. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called "Eerste Klasse West". But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. This was also the reason that Go Ahead Wageningen participated, as they would later play in the eastern division. Koninklijke HFC won the championship. Title: Michigan State Spartans football Passage: The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships (1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1965, and 1966); the AP Poll voted Michigan State as national champion one time (1952). They have been named national champions twice in the Coaches Poll (1952 and 1965). The Spartans have also won two Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association championships (1903 and 1905) and nine Big Ten championships (1953, 1965, 1966, 1978, 1987, 1990, 2010, 2013, and 2015). Title: 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship Passage: The College Football Playoff selection committee chose the semifinalists following the conclusion of the 2017 regular season. Alabama and Georgia advanced to the national championship after winning the semifinal games hosted by the Sugar Bowl and the Rose Bowl, respectively, on January 1, 2018. The championship game was played at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia on January 8, 2018.	[ "1980 Georgia Bulldogs football team", "Notre Dame Fighting Irish football" ]
What is the unit of currency in the country that has the After the Morning performer as one of its citizens?	pound sterling	[ "pound", "Pound sterling" ]	Title: Goeiemorgen, morgen Passage: "Goeiemorgen, morgen" ("Good morning, morning") was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971, performed in Dutch by Jacques Raymond and Lily Castel. Title: History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States Passage: Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''. Title: Reserve currency Passage: The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. Thus, as a currency becomes less stable, or its economy becomes less dominant, bankers may over time abandon it for a currency issued by a larger or more stable economy. This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. For example, it took many years after the United States overtook the United Kingdom as the world's largest economy before the dollar overtook the pound sterling as the dominant global reserve currency. In 1944, when the US dollar was chosen as the world reference currency at Bretton Woods, it was only the second currency in global reserves. Title: Eswatini Passage: Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Title: Nuansa Pagi Passage: Nuansa Pagi (lit. "Morning Nuance") is the first morning newscast ever produced by a private television station in Indonesia. "Nuansa Pagi" was introduced by RCTI at 17 January 1993 as Buletin Pagi ('Morning Bulletin') before it evolved to go nationwide on 24 August 1993 as Nuansa Pagi ('Morning Nuance') and since then has become one of the strongest morning shows in the country, according to Nielsen Media Research, Nuansa Pagi was also carried by RCTI's then sister station SCTV (1993-1996). Title: South African rand Passage: The South African rand (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the currency of South Africa. The rand is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: ``c ''). The ISO 4217 code is ZAR, from Dutch Zuid - Afrikaanse Rand (South African rand). The rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area between South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Namibia, although the latter three countries do have their own currencies. Title: Telman Ismailov Passage: Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia. Title: After the Morning (Cara Dillon album) Passage: "After the Morning" is the third solo album from folk artist Cara Dillon. It was recorded at their home studio in Frome, Somerset, Mayfair, Kore, Amberville and Sun Street Studios. The strings and brass were recorded in Prague. Similar to her previous albums, "After the Morning" was produced by Sam Lakeman, her husband and musical partner. Additional production was by Mike 'Spike' Drake, who also mixed the album. The album features the singles "Never in a Million Years", and the double A-side of "I Wish You Well" and "This Time". Title: Good Morning, Miami Passage: Good Morning, Miami is a sitcom which ran from 2002 to 2004 on NBC. Created by David Kohan and Max Mutchnick, the show focused on the personal and professional life of Jake, the executive producer of the lowest-rated morning show in the country, based in Miami. Title: One guilder coin (1922–45) Passage: The Dutch "1 guilder coin" struck under the reign of Queen Wilhelmina was a unit of currency in the Netherlands. Title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar Passage: The dollar (currency code TTD) is the currency of Trinidad and Tobago. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively TT $to distinguish it from other dollar - denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents. Its predecessor currencies are the Trinidadian dollar and the Tobagan dollar. Title: Pound sterling Passage: The British Crown dependencies of Guernsey and Jersey produce their own local issues of sterling: the ``Guernsey pound ''and the`` Jersey pound''. The pound sterling is also used in the Isle of Man (alongside the Manx pound), Gibraltar (alongside the Gibraltar pound), the Falkland Islands (alongside the Falkland Islands pound), Saint Helena and Ascension Island in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (alongside the Saint Helena pound). The Bank of England is the central bank for the pound sterling, issuing its own coins and banknotes, and regulating issuance of banknotes by private banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Banknotes issued by other jurisdictions are not regulated by the Bank of England; local governments use Bank of England notes as backing for local issuance by allowing them to be exchanged 1: 1 at face value. Title: Errol Nolan Passage: Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres. Title: Currency transaction report Passage: A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes. Title: Bank of Sierra Leone Passage: The Bank of Sierra Leone is the central bank of Sierra Leone. It issues the country's currency, known as the Leone. The bank formulates and implements monetary policy, including foreign exchange. Title: Albano Carrisi Passage: Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country. Title: Myanmar Passage: The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear. Title: Cara Dillon Passage: Cara Elizabeth Dillon (born 21 July 1975, Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish folk singer. In 1995, she joined the folk supergroup Equation and signed a record deal with Warners Music Group. After leaving the group, she collaborated with Sam Lakeman under the name Polar Star. In 2001, she released her first solo album, "Cara Dillon", which featured traditional songs and two original Dillon\Lakeman compositions. The album was an unexpected hit in the folk world, with Dillon receiving four nominations at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. Title: 1997 Asian financial crisis Passage: The crisis started in Thailand (known in Thailand as the Tom Yum Goong crisis; Thai: วิกฤตต้มยำกุ้ง) with the financial collapse of the Thai baht after the Thai government was forced to float the baht due to lack of foreign currency to support its currency peg to the U.S. dollar. Capital flight ensued, beginning an international chain reaction. At the time, Thailand had acquired a burden of foreign debt that made the country effectively bankrupt even before the collapse of its currency. As the crisis spread, most of Southeast Asia and Japan saw slumping currencies, devalued stock markets and other asset prices, and a precipitous rise in private debt.Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand were the countries most affected by the crisis. Hong Kong, Laos, Malaysia and the Philippines were also hurt by the slump. Brunei, China, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam were less affected, although all suffered from a loss of demand and confidence throughout the region. Japan was also affected, though less significantly. Title: United States dollar Passage: The early currency of the United States did not exhibit faces of presidents, as is the custom now; although today, by law, only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency. In fact, the newly formed government was against having portraits of leaders on the currency, a practice compared to the policies of European monarchs. The currency as we know it today did not get the faces they currently have until after the early 20th century; before that "heads" side of coinage used profile faces and striding, seated, and standing figures from Greek and Roman mythology and composite Native Americans. The last coins to be converted to profiles of historic Americans were the dime (1946) and the Dollar (1971).	[ "Pound sterling", "After the Morning (Cara Dillon album)", "Cara Dillon" ]
How much of the population of the country called the 'Giant of Africa' is Christian?	58%	[]	Title: Near East Passage: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. Title: South Africa Passage: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland; and surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th - largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of African (black), European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni, other branches are also present). Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian). Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population. Title: Valencia Passage: The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502. From 1609 through 1614, the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, where they constituted a fifth of the population, and the Valencia area specifically, where they were roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613. The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles, who had lost much of their agricultural labour force; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come. Later, during the so-called Catalan Revolt (1640–1652), Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money, resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain. Title: BRICS Passage: In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the "S" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member. Title: Christian Passage: Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority. Title: Africa Passage: Africans profess a wide variety of religious beliefs, and statistics on religious affiliation are difficult to come by since they are often a sensitive topic for governments with mixed religious populations. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, Islam is the largest religion in Africa, followed by Christianity. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, 45% of the population are Christians, 40% are Muslims, and 10% follow traditional religions. A small number of Africans are Hindu, Buddhist, Confucianist, Baha'i, or Jewish. There is also a minority of people in Africa who are irreligious. Title: Somalis Passage: According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn. Title: Israel Passage: In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas. Title: Eswatini Passage: 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families. Title: Giant kangaroo rat Passage: This species was declared endangered on both the federal and California state levels in the 1980s. It inhabits less than a mere 2% of its original range and can now be found only in isolated areas west of the San Joaquin Valley, including the Carrizo Plain, the Elkhorn Plain, and the Kettleman Hills. The giant kangaroo rat, like many other rodent species, lost much of its habitat as the Central Valley fell under agricultural use. Much information still needs to be obtained regarding their basic biology and compatibility with various land uses before clear directives can be made. Besides some projects currently underway in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, studies need to be conducted on populations whose range overlaps with private lands. Recovery of the giant kangaroo rat can be achieved when the three largest populations in eastern Kern County, Carrizo Plain Natural Area, and the Panoche Region along with the populations in the Kettleman Hills, San Juan Creek Valley and Cuyama Valley are protected and managed appropriately. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples. Title: Horn of Africa Passage: Horn of Africa Countries and territories Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia Major regional organizations Arab League, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Community of Sahel - Saharan States, Intergovernmental Authority on Development Population 122,618,170 (2016 est.) Area 1,882,757 km Languages Afar Arabic Amharic French Oromo Somali Tigrinya Religion Islam, Christianity, traditional faiths Time zones UTC + 03: 00 Currency Djiboutian franc Eritrean nakfa Ethiopian birr Somali shilling Capitals Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Asmara (Eritrea) Djibouti (Djibouti) Mogadishu (Somalia) Total GDP (PPP) $247.751 billion (2016) Total GDP (nominal) $102,057 billion (2016) Title: Mali Passage: Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali (), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over . The population of Mali is /1e6 round 1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt. Title: Austin (song) Passage: ``Austin ''Single by Blake Shelton from the album Blake Shelton B - side`` Problems at Home'' Released April 16, 2001 Format CD single Genre Country Length 3: 52 Label Giant Warner Bros. Nashville Songwriter (s) David Kent Kirsti Manna Producer (s) Bobby Braddock Blake Shelton singles chronology ``Austin ''(2001)`` All Over Me'' (2001) ``Austin ''(2001)`` All Over Me'' (2001) Title: The BFG (2016 film) Passage: Mark Rylance as the BFG, an elderly, benevolent 24 foot (7.3 m) giant whose name is short for the ``Big Friendly Giant ''. He is called`` Runt'' by the other giants. Title: Walvis Bay Passage: In August 1993, prior to the end of apartheid, the Multiparty Negotiating Forum in South Africa passed a resolution calling for ``the incorporation - reintegration of Walvis Bay and the Off - Shore Islands into Namibia. ''The Transfer of Walvis Bay to Namibia Act was passed by the Parliament of South Africa that year. Following the signing of a treaty between the two countries, South Africa formally transferred sovereignty of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands to Namibia on 1 March 1994. Title: West Africa Passage: West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost subregion of Africa. West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, the island nation of Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea - Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the island of Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo. The population of West Africa is estimated at about 362 million people as of 2016... Title: Religion in Iraq Passage: Christianity was brought to Iraq in 40's AD/CE by Thomas the Apostle, Thaddaeus of Edessa and his pupils Aggagi and Mari. Thomas and Thaddeus belonged to the twelve Apostles. Iraq's Chaldean minority represents roughly 3% of the population (earlier CIA Factbook), mostly living in Northern Iraq, concentrated in the Ninewa and Dahuk governorates. There are no official statistics, and estimates vary greatly. In 1950 Christians may have numbered 10–12% of the population of 5.0 million. They were 8% or 1.4 in a population of 16.3 million in 1987 and 1.5 million in 2003 of 26 million. Emigration has been high since the 1970s. Since the 2003 Iraq War, Iraqi Christians have been relocated to Syria in significant but unknown numbers. There has been no official census since 2003 the Christian population in Iraq numbers 1.2–2.1 Million. Title: Middle Ages Passage: Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.	[ "Nigeria" ]
Which mountain range separates kinnaur and spiti from the area where Marpa Lotsawa was born?	Himalaya mountains	[ "Himalaya", "Himalayas", "Himalaya Mountains" ]	Title: Sazmartinshorn Passage: The Sazmartinshorn (2,827 m) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, overlooking St. Martin and the lake of Gigerwald in the canton of St. Gallen. It lies on the range east of Piz Sardona, that separates the Weisstannental from the Calfeisental. Title: Fulhorn Passage: The Fulhorn is a mountain of the Plessur Alps, overlooking Churwalden in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range separating the Domleschg from Lenzerheide. Title: Karoo Passage: The Karoo is sharply divided into the Great Karoo and the Little Karoo by the Swartberg Mountain Range, which runs east - west, parallel to the southern coastline, but is separated from the sea by another east - west range called the Outeniqua -- Langeberg Mountains. The Great Karoo lies to the north of the Swartberg range; the Little Karoo is to the south of it. Title: Minnesota Glacier Passage: Minnesota Glacier () is a broad glacier, about long and wide, flowing east through the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, separating the Sentinel Range and the Heritage Range. It is nourished by ice from the plateau west of the mountains and by Nimitz Glacier and Splettstoesser Glacier, and merges into the larger Rutford Ice Stream at the eastern margin of the Ellsworth Mountains. Title: Rohtang Pass Passage: Rohtang Pass () (Bhoti: རོ་ཐང་། Rohtang , lit: རོ་ (Ro)- corpse, ཐང་། (thang)- plain/field due to people working in CBRE dying in bad weather trying to cross the pass) (elevation ), is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas around from Manali. It connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh, India. Title: Kohler Range Passage: Kohler Range () is a mountain range in the Marie Byrd Land of Antarctica. The range is about 64 km (40 mi) long and stands between the base of Martin Peninsula and Smith Glacier. The range is composed of two ice-covered plateaus which are oriented East-West and are separated by the Kohler Glacier, a distributary which flows north from Smith Glacier. Title: Spiti Valley Passage: The Spiti Valley is a cold desert mountain valley located high in the Himalaya mountains in the north - eastern part of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The name ``Spiti ''means`` The Middle Land'', i.e. the land between Tibet and India. Title: Mount Shaw Passage: Although of only moderate elevation, the isolation of the mountain range gives Shaw of prominence above the low ground separating it from the White Mountains, making it one of twelve peaks in New Hampshire with a prominence over . Title: Transantarctic Mountains Passage: The Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated TAM) comprise a mountain range of uplifted sedimentary rock in Antarctica which extend, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern Victoria Land to Coats Land. These mountains divide East Antarctica and West Antarctica. They include a number of separately named mountain groups, which are often again subdivided into smaller ranges. Title: Scheuchzerhorn Passage: The Scheuchzerhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located west of the Grimsel Pass in the canton of Bern. It lies north-east of the Oberaarhorn, on the range separating the valley of the Unteraar Glacier from the valley of the Oberaar Glacier. Title: Wätterlatte Passage: The Wätterlatte is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located east of Reichenbach im Kandertal in the Bernese Oberland. It lies on the range west of the Schwalmere, that separates the Suldtal from the Kiental. Title: Saser Muztagh Passage: The Saser Muztagh is the easternmost subrange of the Karakoram range, in the Ladakh region of India. It is bounded on the south, east and northeast by the Shyok River, which bends sharply around the southeast corner of the range. On the west it is separated from the neighboring Kailas Mountains by the Nubra River, while the Sasser Pass (Saser La) marks the boundary between this range and the Rimo Muztagh to the north. The Ladakh Range stands to the south of the Saser Muztagh, across the Shyok River. Title: Mättlenstöck Passage: The Mättlenstöck (2,808 m) is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located between Linthal and Elm in the canton of Glarus. It lies north of the Hausstock, on the range separating the two main valleys of Glarus: the main Linth valley on the west and the Sernftal on the east. Title: Iran Passage: Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush. Title: Wasenhorn (Bernese Alps) Passage: The Wasenhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located north of Blitzingen in the canton of Valais. It lies on the range south of the Oberaarrothorn, that separates the valley of the Fiescher Glacier from the main Rhone valley. Title: Tatlatui Range Passage: The Tatlatui Range is a large and very alpine mountain range on the east flank of the upper Skeena River in northern British Columbia, Canada. It has an area of 2307 km and is a subrange of the Omineca Mountains which in turn form part of the Interior Mountains. The range features several lakes, the largest of which, Thutade Lake, is at the head of the Finlay River, and is considered the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. Tatlatui Lake, the next largest lake in the range, to the northwest of Thutade Lake, is at the head of the Firesteel River, a tributary of the Finlay. Various summits of the range, which as described separates the Pacific and Arctic drainages, form part of the Continental Divide. Most of the range and its lakes are in Tatlatui Provincial Park. Title: Birghorn Passage: The Birghorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range connecting the Lötschen Pass from the Tschingelhorn, separating the upper Gasterntal (Bernese Oberland) from the Lötschental (Valais). Title: Tiphupa Passage: Tiphupa was an Indian Buddhist teacher from the 11th and 12th century who was considered to be the rebirth of Darma Dode, son and student of Tibetan lama Marpa Lotsawa. When young Darma Dode died in an accident his father with the special abilities of a realized lama, managed to prolong his son's life for a while. It was enough time for Marpa to teach him how to transfer his consciousness into a dead body – in this case the body of a dead pigeon. Following the detailed instructions of the teacher, the pigeon flew to India and died next to a sixteen-year-old boy who had recently lost his life. Transferring again his consciousness, this time to the young boy’s body, gave life to the Indian teacher Tiphupa (from Ti Phi – pigeon). When the boy returned home it was evident that Tiphupa was very different from who he had been before. He kept taking care of his aging parents as a normal son and they considered him as a guru. Tiphupa intensively practiced the methods taught by Marpa and others, and methods he received in India from Naropa’s students and other masters with the result that he reached realization as a mahasiddha. He became a famous teacher himself and gave numerous teachings to Milarepa’s student Rechungpa. Probably the most important of them for the future of the Kagyu lineage was the "nine-fold cycle of the formless Dakinis". Title: Löffelhorn Passage: The Löffelhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It is part of the Aargrat, a range east of the Oberaarhorn that separates the valley of the Oberaar Glacier from the valley of Goms. Title: Steinlauihorn Passage: The Steinlauihorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Handegg in the Bernese Oberland. It lies south of the Ritzlihorn, on the range separating the valley of the Gauli Glacier from the main Aar valley.	[ "Spiti Valley", "Tiphupa" ]
Of what political party was the man who created the concept of separation of church and state?	Democratic-Republican Party	[]	Title: Heresy Passage: According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase "divisive person" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of "heretic" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith, but because it protects against the corrupting influence of false teachers. Title: Anne-Marie Idrac Passage: Anne-Marie Idrac (born 27 July 1951 in Saint-Brieuc, Côtes-d'Armor) is a French politician, member of the Nouveau Centre political party, was French Minister of State for foreign trade. Title: Jules Roche Passage: Jules Roche (May 22, 1841, Saint-Étienne - April 8, 1923) was a French politician. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1881 to 1919. He was Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1890 to 1892. Originally a member of the Republican Union, later on he joined the Republican Federation. On 3 July 1905 he voted against the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State. Title: All-India Muslim League Passage: The All - India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state, Pakistan, successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire. The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure. Sir Syed had founded, in 1886, the Muhammadan Educational Conference, but a self - imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics. In December 1906 conference in Dhaka, attended by 3,000 delegates, the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party. Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims. From 1906 -- 30s, the party worked on its organizational structure, its credibility in Muslim communities all over the British Indian Empire, and lacked as a mass organisation but represented the landed and commercial Muslim interests of the United Provinces (today's Uttar Pradesh). Title: Separation of church and state Passage: In English, the exact term is an offshoot of the phrase, ``wall of separation between church and state '', as written in Thomas Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptist Association in 1802. In that letter, referencing the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Jefferson writes: Title: Political party Passage: A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings). Most of the above positions are also members of the party executive, the leading organization which sets policy for the entire party at the national level. The structure is far more decentralized in the United States because of the separation of powers, federalism and the multiplicity of economic interests and religious sects. Even state parties are decentralized as county and other local committees are largely independent of state central committees. The national party leader in the U.S. will be the president, if the party holds that office, or a prominent member of Congress in opposition (although a big-state governor may aspire to that role). Officially, each party has a chairman for its national committee who is a prominent spokesman, organizer and fund-raiser, but without the status of prominent elected office holders. Title: Protestantism Passage: Methodism identifies principally with the theology of John Wesley—an Anglican priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide. Originally it appealed especially to workers, agricultural workers, and slaves. Title: Dixiecrat Passage: States' Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats) Founded 1948 (1948) Dissolved 1948 (1948) Split from Democratic Party Merged into Democratic Party Ideology States' rights Racial segregation Social conservatism Political position Right - wing Politics of United States Political parties Elections Title: Political party Passage: Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings. Title: Loose lips sink ships Passage: The phrase originated on propaganda posters during World War II. The phrase was created by the War Advertising Council and used on posters by the United States Office of War Information. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme Court, including by the U.S. government, have argued that some state constitutional amendments relating to the modern conception of separation of church and state (Blaine Amendments) were motivated by and intended to enact anti-Catholicism. Title: Seventh-day Adventist Church Passage: Seventh - day Adventist Church Classification Protestant Orientation Adventist Polity Polity of the Seventh - day Adventist Church Region Worldwide Founder Joseph Bates James White Ellen G. White J.N. Andrews Origin May 21, 1863 Battle Creek, Michigan Separations SDA Reform Movement (separated 1925, small minority) Shepherds Rod - Davidian SDAs (separated 1929, small minority) Congregations 81,552 churches, 69,909 companies Members 20,008,779 Hospitals 175 Nursing homes 136 Aid organization Adventist Development and Relief Agency Primary schools 5,332 Secondary schools 2,296 Tertiary institutions 115 Other name (s) Adventist church, SDA (informal) Official website www.adventist.org Title: 51st state Passage: The Philippines has had small grassroots movements for U.S. statehood. Originally part of the platform of the Progressive Party, then known as the Federalista Party, the party dropped it in 1907, which coincided with the name change. As recently as 2004, the concept of the Philippines becoming a U.S. state has been part of a political platform in the Philippines. Supporters of this movement include Filipinos who believe that the quality of life in the Philippines would be higher and that there would be less poverty there if the Philippines were an American state or territory. Supporters also include Filipinos that had fought as members of the United States Armed Forces in various wars during the Commonwealth period. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut): Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. Title: Protestantism Passage: Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single "Anglican Church" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents. Title: Frank Church Passage: Frank Forrester Church III (July 25, 1924 – April 7, 1984) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States Senator from Idaho from 1957 to 1981. He is known for heading the Church Committee, which investigated abuses within the United States Intelligence Community. Title: Virginia dynasty Passage: Monroe's second term marked the end of the Virginia Dynasty. In the election of 1824, supporters of William H. Crawford portrayed him as "the rightful and legitimate successor of the Virginia Dynasty," but the Democratic-Republican Party splintered. John Quincy Adams won the disputed 1824 election over General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, then considered to be part of the Southwest. Title: Tukaram Gangadhar Gadakh Passage: Gadakh Tukaram Gangadhar (born 1 November 1953) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Ahmednagar constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) political party. Title: Prabhatsinh Pratapsinh Chauhan Passage: Prabhatsinh Pratapsinh Chauhan is a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Panchmahal constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.	[ "Separation of church and state", "Virginia dynasty" ]
What did the mechanics of the person who proposed innate inertia is the natural state of objects not affect?	three-dimensional objects	[]	Title: Schrödinger's cat Passage: Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935. It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical cat that may be simultaneously both alive and dead, a state known as a quantum superposition, as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur. Title: History of evolutionary thought Passage: In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during ``the eclipse of Darwinism ''(c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis. Title: Waring's problem Passage: In number theory, Waring's problem asks whether each natural number "k" has an associated positive integer "s" such that every natural number is the sum of at most "s" natural numbers to the power of "k". For example, every natural number is the sum of at most 4 squares, 9 cubes, or 19 fourth powers. Waring's problem was proposed in 1770 by Edward Waring, after whom it is named. Its affirmative answer, known as the Hilbert–Waring theorem, was provided by Hilbert in 1909. Waring's problem has its own Mathematics Subject Classification, 11P05, "Waring's problem and variants." Title: J. Anthony Movshon Passage: Joseph Anthony Movshon (born December 10, 1950 in New York City) is an American neuroscientist. He has made contributions to the understanding of the brain mechanisms that represent the form and motion of objects, and the way these mechanisms contribute to perceptual judgments and visually guided movement. Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line. Title: History of evolutionary thought Passage: Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity -- in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science. With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and the development of the new anti-Aristotelian approach to modern science: as the Enlightenment progressed, evolutionary cosmology and the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history. Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature. In the early 19th century Jean - Baptiste Lamarck (1744 -- 1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution. Title: Force Passage: Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force. This law is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium "natural state" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the "natural state of rest". That is, the first law contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving with constant velocity. By making rest physically indistinguishable from non-zero constant velocity, Newton's First Law directly connects inertia with the concept of relative velocities. Specifically, in systems where objects are moving with different velocities, it is impossible to determine which object is "in motion" and which object is "at rest". In other words, to phrase matters more technically, the laws of physics are the same in every inertial frame of reference, that is, in all frames related by a Galilean transformation. Title: Satellite Passage: In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth's Moon. Title: Law of specific nerve energies Passage: The law of specific nerve energies, first proposed by Johannes Peter Müller in 1835, is that the nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory information is carried. Hence, the origin of the sensation is not important. Therefore, the difference in perception of seeing, hearing, and touch are not caused by differences in the stimuli themselves but by the different nervous structures that these stimuli excite. For example, pressing on the eye elicits sensations of flashes of light because the neurons in the retina send a signal to the occipital lobe. Despite the sensory input's being mechanical, the experience is visual. Title: Force Passage: Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology. In Aristotle's view, the terrestrial sphere contained four elements that come to rest at different "natural places" therein. Aristotle believed that motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly of the elements earth and water, to be in their natural place on the ground and that they will stay that way if left alone. He distinguished between the innate tendency of objects to find their "natural place" (e.g., for heavy bodies to fall), which led to "natural motion", and unnatural or forced motion, which required continued application of a force. This theory, based on the everyday experience of how objects move, such as the constant application of a force needed to keep a cart moving, had conceptual trouble accounting for the behavior of projectiles, such as the flight of arrows. The place where the archer moves the projectile was at the start of the flight, and while the projectile sailed through the air, no discernible efficient cause acts on it. Aristotle was aware of this problem and proposed that the air displaced through the projectile's path carries the projectile to its target. This explanation demands a continuum like air for change of place in general. Title: Natural selection Passage: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term ``natural selection '', and compared it with artificial selection. Title: Political philosophy Passage: John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir Robert Filmer's paternally founded political theory in favor of a natural system based on nature in a particular given system. The theory of the divine right of kings became a passing fancy, exposed to the type of ridicule with which John Locke treated it. Unlike Machiavelli and Hobbes but like Aquinas, Locke would accept Aristotle's dictum that man seeks to be happy in a state of social harmony as a social animal. Unlike Aquinas's preponderant view on the salvation of the soul from original sin, Locke believes man's mind comes into this world as tabula rasa. For Locke, knowledge is neither innate, revealed nor based on authority but subject to uncertainty tempered by reason, tolerance and moderation. According to Locke, an absolute ruler as proposed by Hobbes is unnecessary, for natural law is based on reason and seeking peace and survival for man. Title: Hokkien Passage: In 2002, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, a party with about 10% of the Legislative Yuan seats at the time, suggested making Taiwanese a second official language. This proposal encountered strong opposition not only from Mainlander groups but also from Hakka and Taiwanese aboriginal groups who felt that it would slight their home languages, as well as others including Hoklo who objected to the proposal on logistical grounds and on the grounds that it would increase ethnic tensions. Because of these objections, support for this measure was lukewarm among moderate Taiwan independence supporters, and the proposal did not pass. Title: Natural selection Passage: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term ``natural selection '', contrasting it with artificial selection, which is intentional, whereas natural selection is not. Title: Alaska Passage: Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population. The cost of a gallon of gas in urban Alaska today is usually 30–60¢ higher than the national average; prices in rural areas are generally significantly higher but vary widely depending on transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure and many other factors. Title: Groncho Passage: Groncho is the third b-side album by Argentine rock group Babasónicos. It's completely made of tracks that didn't make the cut for 1999's "Miami". Title: Force Passage: The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus. Galileo constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century. He showed that the bodies were accelerated by gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass and argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force, for example friction. Title: S/2004 S 4 Passage: S/2004 S 4 is the provisional designation of an unconfirmed object seen orbiting Saturn within the inner strand of the F ring on June 21, 2004. It was spotted while J. N. Spitale was trying to confirm the orbit of another provisional object, S/2004 S 3 that was seen 5 hours earlier just exterior to the F ring. The announcement was made on September 9, 2004.Despite later attempts to recover it, it has not been reliably sighted since. Notably, an imaging sequence covering an entire orbital period at 4 km resolution taken on November 15, 2004 failed to recover the object. This suggests that it was a temporary clump of material that had disappeared by that time.An interpretation where S3 and S4 are or were a single object on a F-ring crossing orbit is also possible. Such an object might also be orbiting at a slightly different inclination to the F ring, thereby not actually passing through the ring material despite being seen both radially inward and outward of it. Title: History of North Carolina State University Passage: North Carolina State University was founded by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1887 as a land - grant college under the name North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. As a land - grant college, NC State would provide a ``liberal and practical education ''while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding classical studies. Since its founding, the university has maintained these objectives while building on them. Title: Force Passage: Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects. However, in real life, matter has extended structure and forces that act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object. For situations where lattice holding together the atoms in an object is able to flow, contract, expand, or otherwise change shape, the theories of continuum mechanics describe the way forces affect the material. For example, in extended fluids, differences in pressure result in forces being directed along the pressure gradients as follows:	[ "Force" ]
Who led the US movement to take over the island, now state, where Kanye West recorded the majority of his fourth album?	John L. Stevens	[]	Title: The Life of Pablo Passage: The Life of Pablo is the seventh studio album by American rapper Kanye West. It was released on February 14, 2016, by GOOD Music and Def Jam Recordings. Recording sessions took place from 2013 to 2016, in Italy, Mexico, Canada and the United States. Record production on the album was handled by West and a variety of producers, including Mike Dean, Noah Goldstein, Metro Boomin, Rick Rubin, Hudson Mohawke. He also enlisted a wide array of guest vocalists, including The Weeknd, Ty Dolla Sign, Desiigner, Kid Cudi, The - Dream, Chance the Rapper, Rihanna, Sampha, Post Malone, Kendrick Lamar and Frank Ocean. Title: Put On Passage: ``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008 Title: Kanye West Passage: Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to "undermine the commercial", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily inspired by architecture, West's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach. Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album's music and live television performances. Yeezus, West's sixth album, was released June 18, 2013 to rave reviews from critics. It became the rapper's sixth consecutive number one debut, but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales. Def Jam issued "Black Skinhead" to radio in July 2013 as the album's lead single. On September 6, 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way. Title: 808s & Heartbreak Passage: 808s & Heartbreak is the fourth studio album by American hip hop producer and vocalist Kanye West. It was released on November 24, 2008, by Roc-A-Fella Records. West recorded the album during September and October 2008 at Glenwood Studios in Burbank, California and Avex Recording Studio in Honolulu, Hawaii, with the help of producers No I.D., Jeff Bhasker and others. The album features guest appearances from Kid Cudi, Young Jeezy, Mr Hudson, and Lil Wayne. Title: January Joy Passage: January Joy is the debut album by American singer Mashonda, released in Japan only in November 2005 via J Records and Full Surface Records. The album features tracks, produced by Swizz Beatz and Kanye West, including two singles: "Back Of Da Club" and "Blackout". The album was scrapped in the U.S. because of early leaks and failure of the project's two singles. The album never charted, and was subsequently deleted. Title: You Don't Know My Name Passage: ``You Do n't Know My Name ''is a song by American recording artist Alicia Keys from her second studio album, The Diary of Alicia Keys. Written by Keys, Kanye West and Harold Lilly, and produced by Keys and West, the track was released as the album's lead single in November 2003, and contains a sample from the 1975 song`` Let Me Prove My Love to You'', written by J.R. Bailey, Mel Kent, and Ken Williams and performed by The Main Ingredient. Title: Atavachron Passage: Atavachron is the fourth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1986 through Enigma Records (United States) and JMS–Cream Records (Europe). The album's title and seventh track, as well as the cover art, are references to the Atavachron alien time travel device from the "" episode "". "Atavachron" marks Holdsworth's first recorded use of the SynthAxe, an instrument which would be featured prominently on many of his future albums. Title: A City by the Light Divided Passage: A City by the Light Divided is the fourth studio album by Thursday, released by Island Records on May 2, 2006. Title: Video Killed the Radio Star Passage: ``Video Killed the Radio Star ''is a song written by Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes and Bruce Woolley in 1978. It was first recorded by Bruce Woolley and The Camera Club (with Thomas Dolby on keyboards) for their album English Garden, and later by British group the Buggles, consisting of Horn and Downes. The track was recorded and mixed in 1979, released as their debut single on 7 September 1979 by Island Records, and included on their first album The Age of Plastic. The backing track was recorded at Virgin's Town House in West London, and mixing and vocal recording would later take place at Sarm East Studios. Title: Kanye West Passage: As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game." On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade. West ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever, with four number-one albums each. West has also been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes annual lists. Title: Used to Get High Passage: "Used to Get High" is a radio promotional single by Australian jam band, The John Butler Trio from their fourth studio album "Grand National". It was released by Jarrah Records in November 2007. It deals with the issue of addiction, and the many forms it takes. Title: Champion (Kanye West song) Passage: "Champion" is a song by American hip-hop artist Kanye West. It was released as the second song on the track-listing of his third studio album, "Graduation". West performed the song on "Saturday Night Live" in September 2007. The song was produced by West and Brian "All Day" Miller and samples "Kid Charlemagne" by Title: Through the Wire Passage: "Through the Wire" is the debut single by American rapper Kanye West. West wrote and recorded the song with his jaw wired shut after a car accident in October 2002. The song samples Chaka Khan's 1985 single "Through the Fire" and was released on the last day of September 2003 as the lead single from his debut album "The College Dropout" (2004). Title: Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation Passage: Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation is the sixth album by jazz saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman, released on Atlantic Records in 1961, his fourth for the label. Its title established the name of the then-nascent free jazz movement. The recording session took place on December 21, 1960, at A&R Studios in New York City. The sole outtake from the album session, "First Take," was later released on the 1971 compilation "Twins". Title: Kanye West Passage: West's life took a different direction when his mother, Donda West, died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction in November 2007. Months later, West and fiancée Alexis Phifer ended their engagement and their long-term intermittent relationship, which had begun in 2002. The events profoundly affected West, who set off for his 2008 Glow in the Dark Tour shortly thereafter. Purportedly because his emotions could not be conveyed through rapping, West decided to sing using the voice audio processor Auto-Tune, which would become a central part of his next effort. West had previously experimented with the technology on his debut album The College Dropout for the background vocals of "Jesus Walks" and "Never Let Me Down." Recorded mostly in Honolulu, Hawaii in three weeks, West announced his fourth album, 808s & Heartbreak, at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, where he performed its lead single, "Love Lockdown". Music audiences were taken aback by the uncharacteristic production style and the presence of Auto-Tune, which typified the pre-release response to the record. Title: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Passage: The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began on January 17, 1893, with a coup d'état against Queen Liliuokalani on the island of Oahu by foreign residents residing in Honolulu, mostly United States citizens, and subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevens to call in the U.S. Marines to protect American interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The revolutionaries established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which finally occurred in 1898. Title: Put On Passage: "Put On" is a song written and performed by American rapper Young Jeezy and hip hop recording artist Kanye West, taken from the former's third studio album, "The Recession". The song was released as the album's lead single on June 3, 2008. The song received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. Title: Mars Ill Passage: Coming together in 1998, Mars Ill has released several albums and EPs through independent record labels and two albums on Gotee Records. Their success in the underground hip-hop movement in the early 2000s led to their performing at Scribble Jam in 2003 and 2004 and, ultimately, their signing to Gotee. Title: Every Silver Lining Has a Cloud Passage: Every Silver Lining Has a Cloud is an album by painter Julian Schnabel, recorded in 1993 and released in 1995 on Island Records. The majority of the album was written by Schnabel himself with most lyrics dealing with love. Title: Whereabouts Passage: Whereabouts is the third major label album (and fourth overall) by Canadian singer-songwriter Ron Sexsmith, released May 18, 1999 on Interscope Records. The album was a nominee for Roots & Traditional Album of the Year – Solo at the 2000 Juno Awards.	[ "Kanye West", "Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom" ]
by what name is the brahmaputra known in the location of the Sino-Nepalese War and Bangladesh?	Tsangpo - Brahmaputra	[ "Brahmaputra River" ]	Title: Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed Passage: Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed (; 23 June 1948 – 22 November 2015) was a former Bangladeshi politician who served as a Member of Parliament and as the Minister of Social Welfare from 2001 to 2007 of Bangladesh and was convicted of war crimes during the 1971 Liberation war of Bangladesh. He received death penalty by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh on 22 November 2015, becoming one of the world's first Ministers to be hanged. He was second in command of the infamous paramilitary force, Al-Badr in 1971, which committed war crimes at that time. Until his death, he was the Secretary General of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. On 17 July 2013, Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mujaheed was found guilty of war crimes such as genocide, conspiracy in helping to kill intellectuals and abduction during the 1971 Liberation war of Bangladesh by the International Crimes Tribunal-2 and sentenced him to death for 2 of the 7 charges brought against him. High Court rejected his review petition on 18 November 2015. Title: Brahmaputra River Passage: The Brahmaputra (/ ˌbrɑːməˈpuːtrə / is one of the major rivers of Asia, a trans - boundary river which flows through China, India and Bangladesh. As such, it is known by various names in the region: Assamese: ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদ ('নদ' nôd, masculine form of 'নদী' nôdi ``river '') Brôhmôputrô (bɹɔɦmɔputɹɔ); Sanskrit: ब्रह्मपुत्र, IAST: Brahmaputra; Tibetan: ཡར ་ ཀླུངས ་ གཙང ་ པོ ་, Wylie: yar klung gtsang po Yarlung Tsangpo; simplified Chinese: 布拉马普特拉河; traditional Chinese: 布拉馬普特拉河; pinyin: Bùlāmǎpǔtèlā Hé. It is also called Tsangpo - Brahmaputra (when referring to the whole river including the stretch within Tibet). The Manas River, which runs through Bhutan, joins it at Jogighopa, in India. It is the ninth largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest. Title: Ganges Delta Passage: The Ganges - Brahmaputra Delta (also known as the Brahmaputra Delta, the Sunderbans Delta or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the Bengal region of the South Asia, consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the world's largest delta and empties into the Bay of Bengal. It is also one of the most fertile regions in the world, thus earning the nickname The Green Delta. The delta stretches from the Hooghly River on the west to the Meghna River on the east. It is approximately 354 km (220 mi) across at the Bay of Bengal. Kolkata in India and Mongla in Bangladesh are the principal seaports of the delta. Title: Sino-Nepalese War Passage: The Sino-Nepalese War (), also known as the Sino-Gorkha war and in Chinese the Campaign of Gorkha (), was an invasion of Tibet by Nepal from 1788-1792. The war was initially fought between Nepalese and Tibetan armies over a trade dispute related to a long-standing problem of low-quality coins manufactured by Nepal for Tibet. The Nepalese Army under Bahadur Shah plundered Tibet under Qing rule and Tibetans signed the Treaty of Kerung paying annual tribute to Nepal. However, Tibetans requested for Chinese intervention and Sino-Tibetan forces under Fuk'anggan raided Nepal up to Nuwakot only to face strong Nepalese counterattack. Thus, both countries signed the Treaty of Betrawati as a stalemate. Title: Marc-Edmond Dominé Passage: Marc-Edmond Dominé (21 June 1848 – 28 June 1921) was a French Army officer who served in the Franco-Prussian War, the Sino-French War, and in the various territories of the French colonial empire. Title: Simla Agreement Passage: The Simla Agreement (or Shimla Agreement) was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Simla, the capital city of Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh which transformed the war into an Indo - Pakistani War of 1971. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year. Title: Japanese destroyer Mutsuki Passage: Mutsuki, built at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, was laid down on 21 May 1924, launched on 23 July 1925 and completed on 26 March 1926. Originally commissioned simply as Destroyer No. 19, she was assigned the name Mutsuki on 1 August 1928. In the late 1930s, Mutsuki participated in combat in China, including the First Shanghai Incident of 1932 and other actions in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Title: Bangladesh–India border Passage: The Bangladesh -- India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states. Title: Shariatpur Sadar Upazila Passage: Shariatpur Sadar () is an upazila of Shariatpur District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Shariatpur Thana was converted into an upazila in 1984. The upazila takes its name from the district and the Bengali word "sadar" (headquarters). It is the subdistrict where the district headquarters, Shariatpur town, is located. Title: National Martyrs’ Memorial Passage: The architecture is composed of seven pairs of triangular-shaped walls or prisms; the outermost pair being the shortest in height but widest in span, the inner pairs gradually change their aspect ratio and the innermost pair thus forms the peak point of the architecture. Each of these seven pairs of walls represents a significant chapter in the history of Bangladesh, namely the Language Movement in 1952, the Election of United Front in 1954, the Constitution Movement in 1956, the Education Movement in 1962, 6-point Movement in 1966, the Mass Uprising in 1969, and finally the climactic event of Liberation War in 1971, through which Bangladesh was liberated. Title: Ma Zhanhai Passage: Ma Zhanhai (, died 1932) was a Chinese Muslim Battalion Commander who was killed in action during the Qinghai Tibet War which was part of the Sino-Tibetan War. He served in Ma Bufang's Qinghai army. Title: Caste system in Nepal Passage: The Nepalese caste system is the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. Title: The Concert for Bangladesh Passage: The Concert for Bangladesh (or Bangla Desh, as the country's name was originally spelt) was a pair of benefit concerts organised by former Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison and Indian sitar player Ravi Shankar. The shows were held at 2:30 and 8:00pm on Sunday, 1 August 1971, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, to raise international awareness of, and fund relief for refugees from East Pakistan, following the Bangladesh Liberation War-related genocide. The concerts were followed by a bestselling live album, a boxed three-record set, and Apple Films' concert documentary, which opened in cinemas in the spring of 1972. Title: Pacific War Passage: It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9] Title: Bangladesh Armed Forces Passage: The Bangladesh Armed Forces () consists of the three uniformed military services: the Bangladesh Army, the Bangladesh Navy and the Bangladesh Air Force. The para-military organization Bangladesh National Cadet Corps (BNCC) is a reserved force and directed by Army, Navy, Air Force. It is under the command of Defence Ministry. The para-military Border Guard Bangladesh (formerly Bangladesh Rifles) and Bangladesh Coast Guard are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs during peacetime, but during wartime they fall under the command of Bangladesh Army and Bangladesh Navy respectively. Title: Siddharth Koirala Passage: Siddharth Koirala () is a Nepalese film actor, and the younger brother of Bollywood actress of Nepali origin, Manisha Koirala, best known for playing the lead in Manish Jha's Indian film "Anwar" (2006). Title: Lesozavodsk Passage: Lesozavodsk () is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Ussuri River (Amur's tributary), from the Sino–Russian border and about north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 37,000 (1972). It was formerly known as Ussuri (). Title: Mount Everest Passage: In the early 1960s, the Nepalese government coined a Nepali name for Mount Everest, Sagarmāthā or Sagar - Matha (सागर - मथ्था). Title: 9th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) Passage: The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the or 1515 or 1573. The "9th Division" was one of six infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the Hokuriku region of Japan (Ishikawa, Toyama and Fukui, with its headquarters located within the grounds of Kanazawa Castle. Title: Sino Plaza Passage: Sino Plaza is a skyscraper located in the Causeway Bay district of Hong Kong. The tower rises 38 floors and is high. Completed in 1992, the building was designed by architectural firm Ho & Partners Architects, and developed by Sino Land Company Limited. Sino Plaza is the 85th-tallest building in Hong Kong, and is composed entirely of commercial office space. It has a total floor area of .	[ "Sino-Nepalese War", "Brahmaputra River" ]
How many people who started the great migration of the Slavs live in the colony in the continent Beagle Channel is located that was governed by Portugal?	5 million	[]	Title: Bird migration Passage: Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order. Title: Portuguese Empire Passage: Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. Title: Darwin Sound Passage: The Darwin Sound is an expanse of seawater which forms a westward continuation of the Beagle Channel and links it to the Pacific Ocean at Londonderry Island and Stewart Island, not far from the southern tip of South America. It thus forms a navigable link across Tierra del Fuego between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans as an alternative to going round the hazardous rocky headland of Cape Horn. Title: Slavs Passage: According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa. Title: Normans Passage: In 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England. The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel. Early Norman kings of England, as Dukes of Normandy, owed homage to the King of France for their land on the continent. They considered England to be their most important holding (it brought with it the title of King—an important status symbol). Title: Modern history Passage: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior. Title: British Empire Passage: During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. Title: Bird migration Passage: The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan. Title: Slavs Passage: Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions. Title: Germans Passage: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. Title: Convicts in Australia Passage: The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century. When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks. Earlier in 1770, James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain. Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region, Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony, and in 1787, the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay, arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney, New South Wales, the first European settlement on the continent. Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1803 and Queensland in 1824, while Western Australia, founded in 1829 as a free colony, received convicts from 1850. Victoria and South Australia remained free colonies. Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly the following decade. The last convict ship arrived in Western Australia on 10 January 1868. Title: The Greatness of a Hero Passage: The Greatness of a Hero is a Hong Kong television historical drama serial produced by TVB under executive producer Leung Choi-yuen. It first aired on Malaysia's Astro On Demand from 9 February to 6 March 2009 and on several TVB overseas cable channels in 2010. "The Greatness of a Hero" started its broadcast on Hong Kong's Jade and HD Jade channels on 2 April 2012. Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony Passage: For the next ten years, there was a steady exodus of Puritans from England, with about 20,000 people emigrating to Massachusetts and the neighboring colonies during the Great Migration. Many ministers reacted to the repressive religious policies of England, making the trip with their congregations, among whom were John Cotton, Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker, and others. Religious divisions and the need for additional land prompted a number of new settlements that resulted in Connecticut Colony (by Hooker) and the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (by Williams and others). Minister John Wheelwright was banished in the wake of the Antinomian Controversy (like Anne Hutchinson), and he moved north to found Exeter, New Hampshire. Title: United States Passage: Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. Title: Slavs Passage: Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers. The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions. Title: Ushuaia Passage: Ushuaia (/ uː ˈʃwaɪ. ə /; Spanish pronunciation: (uˈswaʝa)) is the capital of Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province, Argentina. It is commonly regarded as the southernmost city in the world. Ushuaia is located in a wide bay on the southern coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, bounded on the north by the Martial mountain range, and on the south by the Beagle Channel. It is the only municipality in the Department of Ushuaia, which has an area of 9,390 km (3,625 sq mi). It was founded October 12 of 1884 by Augusto Lasserre and is located on the shores of the Beagle Channel surrounded by the mountain range of the Martial Glacier, in the Bay of Ushuaia. Besides being an administrative center, it is a light industrial port and tourist hub. Title: History of the Puritans in North America Passage: Other Puritans were convinced that New England could provide a religious refuge, and the enterprise was reorganized as the Massachusetts Bay Company. In March 1629, it succeeded in obtaining from King Charles a royal charter for the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1630, the first ships of the Great Puritan Migration sailed to the New World, led by John Winthrop. Title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora Passage: Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (August 14, 1645 – August 22, 1700) was one of the first great intellectuals born in the Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico City). He was a criollo patriot, exalting New Spain over Old. A polymath and writer, he held many colonial government and academic positions. Title: Modern history Passage: From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The French gained major ground in West Africa, and the Portuguese held colonies in southern Africa. Germany, Italy, and Spain established a small number of colonies at various points throughout the continent, which included German East Africa (Tanganyika) and German Southwest Africa for Germany, Eritrea and Libya for Italy, and the Canary Islands and Rio de Oro in northwestern Africa for Spain. Finally, for King Leopold (ruled from 1865–1909), there was the large “piece of that great African cake” known as the Congo, which, unfortunately for the native Congolese, became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa. By 1914, almost the entire continent was under European control. Liberia, which was settled by freed American slaves in the 1820s, and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in eastern Africa were the last remaining independent African states. (John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, Volume Two: From the French Revolution to the Present, Third Edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010), pp. 819–859). Title: Queijadinha Passage: Queijadinha is a kind of sweet which originated in Portugal, and is common in Brazil. This candy was essentially improved during the colonial period in the farms of colonial Brazil and it was very influenced by the African slave culture. There are many types of "queijadinhas", but the traditional one is prepared with these main ingredients: grated coconut and cheese, sweetened condensed milk, sugar, butter and egg yolks. Queijadinhas are very common in bakeries and children’s parties.	[ "Slavs", "Darwin Sound", "Germans", "Portuguese Empire" ]
Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into the area known as the "Province of Abundance?"	Ming general Qu Neng	[]	Title: Ituri Province Passage: Ituri, as Kibali-Ituri, was a province of the DRC from 1962-1966. Prior to the adoption of the 2006 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the legal status of Ituri was a topic of some dispute. From the beginning of the Second Congo War in 1998, it was held by soldiers of the Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF) and the Ugandan-backed Movement for Liberation faction of the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD-ML). In June 1999, the commander of UPDF forces in the DRC, Brig. Gen. James Kazini, ignored the protests of RCD-ML leaders and re-created the province of Kibali-Ituri out of the eastern section of the northeastern Orientale province. It is almost always referred to simply as Ituri. The creation of the new province under the governorship of a Hema contributed to the start of the current Ituri conflict, which has caused thousands of deaths. Most official cartographers did not include the new province, and those referring to it as a "province" rather than a "region" were sometimes viewed as having a pro-Uganda bias. With the new constitution, Ituri's status as a province was finally settled. Title: Sichuan Passage: Sichuan has been historically known as the "Province of Abundance". It is one of the major agricultural production bases of China. Grain, including rice and wheat, is the major product with output that ranked first in China in 1999. Commercial crops include citrus fruits, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, peaches and grapes. Sichuan also had the largest output of pork among all the provinces and the second largest output of silkworm cocoons in 1999. Sichuan is rich in mineral resources. It has more than 132 kinds of proven underground mineral resources including vanadium, titanium, and lithium being the largest in China. The Panxi region alone possesses 13.3% of the reserves of iron, 93% of titanium, 69% of vanadium, and 83% of the cobalt of the whole country. Sichuan also possesses China's largest proven natural gas reserves, the majority of which is transported to more developed eastern regions. Title: Tibetan Terrier Passage: The Tibetan Terrier is a medium-size breed of dog that originated in Tibet. Despite its name, it is not a member of the terrier group. The breed was given its English name by European travelers due to its resemblance to known terrier breeds. The Tibetan name for the breed, Tsang Apso, roughly translates to "shaggy or bearded ("apso") dog, from the province of Tsang". Some old travelers' accounts refer to the dog as Dokhi Apso or "outdoor" Apso, indicating a shaggy or bearded working dog which lives outdoors. Title: Mussoorie Passage: Happy Valley has a small Tibetan temple. This was the first Tibetan temple built in India. The temple was constructed in 1960 by the Tibetan refugees. Lal Tibba is another tourist spot of Mussoorie. Located upwards of main Mussoorie in the cantonment area of Landour, the most appropriate way to explore is to drive up to Char Dukaan and the take the short hike to Lal Tibba. Essentially a gazing spot that offers majestic views of the Himalayas. Title: Tibet Passage: Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event. Tibetans eat Guthuk (barley noodle soup with filling) on New Year's Eve with their families. The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month. It involves dancing and participating in sports events, as well as sharing picnics. The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama's order. Title: Jugroom Fort Passage: Jugroom Fort is a complex of fortified buildings south-west of Garmsir in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, on the east bank of the Helmand River. The fort is several centuries old, and in 2007 it was used as a Taliban base. British forces assaulted the fort on 15 January 2007. During the attack, Royal Marine Lance-Corporal Mathew Ford was killed by friendly fire. For his part in the rescue, author and Apache pilot Ed Macy was awarded the Military Cross. Title: Tibet Passage: The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages. However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan is also spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have fled from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries. Title: Tibet Passage: The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng) although the geographical term Xīzàng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region. The term Xīzàng was coined during the Qing dynasty in the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (1796–1820) through the addition of a prefix meaning "west" (西 xī) to Zang. Title: Tibet Passage: The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription and Poi in Tibetan pinyin. Some scholars believe the first written reference to Bod "Tibet" was the ancient Bautai people recorded in the Egyptian Greek works Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE) and Geographia (Ptolemy, 2nd century CE), itself from the Sanskrit form Bhauṭṭa of the Indian geographical tradition. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: With respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria. The Qing court sent forces to defeat Yaqub Beg and Xinjiang was reconquered, and then the political system of China proper was formally applied onto Xinjiang. The Kumul Khanate, which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757, maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930. In early 20th century, Britain sent an expedition force to Tibet and forced Tibetans to sign a treaty. The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China. The British agreed not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet, while China engaged not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet. Furthermore, similar to Xinjiang which was converted into a province earlier, the Qing government also turned Manchuria into three provinces in the early 20th century, officially known as the "Three Northeast Provinces", and established the post of Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces to oversee these provinces, making the total number of regional viceroys to nine. Title: Olympus Has Fallen Passage: Authorized to proceed, Banning's first act is to save Connor, whom Kang plans to use to force Asher to reveal his Cerberus code. Banning finds Connor hiding in the walls, thanks to the training he had given him, and sneaks the boy to safety. Banning begins reconnaissance and reduces the terrorists' numbers. Banning kills Forbes, first convincing the traitor to report to Kang that Banning is dead. Meanwhile, Army Chief of Staff General Edward Clegg (Robert Forster) convinces Trumbull to order an aerial SEAL assault on the White House. Kang discovers the assault force and activates the Hydra 6, an advanced anti-aircraft system built by the military. Discovering the system, Banning advises Trumbull and Clegg to abort the mission, but the new weapon system annihilates most of the assault force before Banning can stop it. Kang retaliates for the infiltration by killing Vice President Charlie Rodriguez (Phil Austin). Title: Tibet Passage: The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts. These include Tibetan hats, jewelry (silver and gold), wooden items, clothing, quilts, fabrics, Tibetan rugs and carpets. The Central People's Government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. However most of this investment goes to pay migrant workers who do not settle in Tibet and send much of their income home to other provinces. Title: Landing at Anzac Cove Passage: The assault troops, mostly from the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), landed at night on the western (Aegean Sea) side of the peninsula. They were put ashore one mile (1.6 km) north of their intended landing beach. In the darkness, the assault formations became mixed up, but the troops gradually made their way inland, under increasing opposition from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. Not long after coming ashore the ANZAC plans were discarded, and the companies and battalions were thrown into battle piece - meal, and received mixed orders. Some advanced to their designated objectives while others were diverted to other areas, then ordered to dig in along defensive ridge lines. Title: Tibet Passage: In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people and some Yi and Nu people converted to Christianity. Famous earlier missionaries include James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall and Isobel Kuhn of the China Inland Mission, among others who were active in this area. Title: Tibet Passage: Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from northern Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script. Title: Tibet Passage: The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang. Title: Tornado climatology Passage: The United States has the most tornadoes of any country. Many of these form in an area of the central (with some definitions including Southern) United States known as Tornado Alley. This area extends into Canada, particularly the Prairie Provinces and Ontario; however, activity in Canada is less frequent and intense than that of the US. The high frequency of tornadoes in North America is largely due to geography, as moisture from the Gulf of Mexico is easily advected into the midcontinent with few topographic barriers in the way. The Rocky Mountains block Pacific - sourced moisture and buckle the atmospheric flow, forcing drier air at mid-levels of the troposphere due to downsloping winds and causing cyclogenesis downstream to the east of the mountains. Downsloping winds off the Rockies force the formation of a dry line when the flow aloft is strong, while the Gulf of Mexico fuels abundant low - level moisture. This unique topography allows for frequent collisions of warm and cold air, the conditions that breed strong, long - lived storms throughout the year. This area extends into Canada, particularly Ontario and the Prairie Provinces, and strong tornadoes can also occur in northern Mexico. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that, despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there, these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces. However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet. John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan, which the Marquis Mu Ying (沐英) was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu. Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals. Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390. Title: Zhaxiqoilang Monastery Passage: Zhaxiqoilang Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Jonang sect in the Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province, China. It is located on the Xike Qu River in east Gande County. Title: Sichuan Passage: The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.	[ "Sichuan", "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" ]
When did the torch reach the mother country of Highs and Lows?	May 2	[]	Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China. Title: Ink Master (season 10) Passage: No. Contestant 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 No. Flash Challenge Winner Team DJ N / A Team Anthony Team DJ N / A Anthony Michaels Team Steve Roly T - Rex N / A Anthony Michaels Team Steve N / A Team DJ N / A N / A Josh Payne IN HIGH IN HIGH HIGH F / O IN WIN WIN HIGH LOW IMM WIN WIN WINNER Juan Salgado IN IN IN IN HIGH WIN IN IN WIN WIN WIN IMM HIGH IN RUNNER - UP Roly T - Rex IN IMM IN IN IN IN IN IN F / O HIGH IN F / O LOW IN 3RD PLACE Jason Elliott IN LOW IN WIN IN WIN IN IN WIN IN LOW F / O LOW OUT 5 Deanna Smith LOW LOW HIGH IN IN IN IN LOW WIN LOW HIGH F / O OUT 6 Jeremy Brown HIGH IMM HIGH IN HIGH IN IN LOW F / O LOW LOW OUT 7 Daniel Silva WIN IN IN LOW LOW WIN LOW IN WIN LOW OUT 8 Frank Ready IN WIN HIGH IN IN IN IN HIGH WIN OUT 9 FAME IN IMM WIN LOW WIN IN LOW IN OUT 10 Amanda Leitch LOW LOW IN IN IN WIN IN OUT 11 Mike Diaz IN IN IN LOW LOW WIN OUT 12 Gary Parisi IN IMM IN IN HIGH OUT 13 Lil 'D IN LOW LOW LOW OUT 14 Katie Rhoden IN IMM LOW OUT 15 Matt Buck IN IN OUT 16 Sparks LOW OUT 17 Linzy Michelle IN OUT 18 Garrett Bisbee OUT Title: Black Death in England Passage: The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth, Dorset, from Gascony in June 1348. By autumn, the plague had reached London, and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country, before dying down by December. Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information, and a figure of 40 -- 60% of the population is widely accepted. Title: Skin Wars Passage: Elimination Chart Artists 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lana WIN SAFE HIGH LOW LOW HIGH ‡ WIN HIGH F / O WINNER Avi SAFE WIN HIGH HIGH ‡ HIGH WIN LOW WIN WIN RUNNER - UP ‡ Aryn SAFE HIGH SAFE WIN HIGH HIGH LOW ‡ LOW HIGH ‡ 3RD PLACE Cheryl Ann HIGH HIGH ‡ LOW LOW LOW SAFE LOW LOW ‡ OUT Rio SAFE SAFE WIN ‡ LOW HIGH ‡ LOW HIGH OUT Kyle HIGH SAFE HIGH SAFE WIN LOW OUT Dawn Marie SAFE LOW LOW HIGH LOW OUT Sammie SAFE SAFE LOW SAFE OUT Fernello LOW ‡ SAFE SAFE OUT Rachel LOW LOW OUT Rudy SAFE OUT Marcio OUT Title: Dutch language Passage: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order. Title: Estonia Passage: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and German, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent. Title: RuPaul's Drag Race (season 10) Passage: Contestant 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aquaria SAFE SAFE SAFE WIN SAFE SAFE WIN LOW HIGH LOW WIN SAFE Asia O'Hara SAFE SAFE WIN LOW SAFE SAFE LOW BTM2 WIN HIGH HIGH SAFE Eureka SAFE BTM2 HIGH SAFE WIN WIN HIGH SAFE BTM2 HIGH HIGH SAFE Kameron Michaels SAFE HIGH LOW HIGH SAFE HIGH SAFE WIN BTM2 BTM2 BTM2 SAFE Miz Cracker HIGH HIGH SAFE HIGH HIGH LOW SAFE SAFE LOW WIN ELIM Monét X Change SAFE HIGH SAFE BTM2 BTM2 HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH ELIM The Vixen SAFE WIN SAFE SAFE LOW BTM2 BTM2 ELIM Monique Heart SAFE LOW SAFE SAFE HIGH SAFE ELIM Blair St. Clair HIGH HIGH HIGH SAFE SAFE ELIM Mayhem Miller WIN HIGH BTM2 SAFE ELIM Dusty Ray Bottoms LOW SAFE SAFE ELIM Yuhua Hamasaki HIGH SAFE ELIM Kalorie Karbdashian Williams BTM2 ELIM Vanessa Vanjie Mateo ELIM Title: RuPaul's Drag Race (season 9) Passage: Contestant 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sasha Velour HIGH SAFE SAFE WIN SAFE HIGH LOW HIGH WIN HIGH HIGH SAFE Guest Winner Peppermint SAFE SAFE HIGH LOW HIGH BTM2 SAFE WIN HIGH SAFE BTM2 SAFE Guest Runner - Up Shea Couleé SAFE HIGH SAFE WIN WIN SAFE HIGH HIGH WIN BTM2 WIN SAFE Guest Eliminated Trinity Taylor SAFE HIGH WIN BTM2 SAFE SAFE WIN LOW HIGH WIN LOW SAFE Guest Eliminated Alexis Michelle SAFE SAFE SAFE HIGH HIGH WIN SAFE BTM2 LOW LOW ELIM Guest Guest Nina Bo'nina Brown WIN SAFE SAFE SAFE LOW HIGH BTM2 SAFE BTM2 ELIM Guest Guest Valentina SAFE WIN HIGH HIGH SAFE SAFE HIGH SAFE ELIM Miss C Guest Farrah Moan SAFE SAFE LOW HIGH BTM2 LOW SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Aja SAFE SAFE BTM2 HIGH SAFE SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Cynthia Lee Fontaine SAFE SAFE SAFE BTM2 ELIM Guest Guest Eureka HIGH SAFE SAFE SAFE OUT Guest Guest Charlie Hides SAFE LOW SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Kimora Blac SAFE BTM2 ELIM Guest Guest Jaymes Mansfield SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Title: RuPaul's Drag Race (season 10) Passage: Contestant 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Aquaria SAFE SAFE SAFE WIN SAFE SAFE WIN LOW HIGH LOW WIN SAFE Guest Winner Eureka SAFE BTM2 HIGH SAFE WIN WIN HIGH SAFE BTM2 HIGH HIGH SAFE Guest Runner - up Kameron Michaels SAFE HIGH LOW HIGH SAFE HIGH SAFE WIN BTM2 BTM2 BTM2 SAFE Guest Runner - up Asia O'Hara SAFE SAFE WIN LOW SAFE SAFE LOW BTM2 WIN HIGH HIGH SAFE Guest Eliminated Miz Cracker HIGH HIGH SAFE HIGH HIGH LOW SAFE SAFE LOW WIN ELIM Guest Guest Monét X Change SAFE HIGH SAFE BTM2 BTM2 HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH ELIM Guest Miss C The Vixen SAFE WIN SAFE SAFE LOW BTM2 BTM2 ELIM Guest Guest Monique Heart SAFE LOW SAFE SAFE HIGH SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Blair St. Clair HIGH HIGH HIGH SAFE SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Mayhem Miller WIN HIGH BTM2 SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Dusty Ray Bottoms LOW SAFE SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Yuhua Hamasaki HIGH SAFE ELIM Guest Guest Kalorie Karbdashian Williams BTM2 ELIM Guest Guest Vanessa Vanjie Mateo ELIM Guest Guest Title: Project Runway: Junior (season 2) Passage: Elimination Chart Designers 5 6 7 8 9 10 Eliminated Episode Chelsea HIGH IN HIGH WIN IN IN WIN WIN ADV WINNER 10 - Finale, Part 2 Chris LOW IN LOW IN WIN LOW HIGH HIGH ADV RUNNER - UP Hawwaa IN LOW LOW HIGH LOW IN LOW SC IN 3RD PLACE Izzy WIN IN IN LOW LOW LOW HIGH HIGH ADV 4TH PLACE Tieler IN WIN WIN IN HIGH HIGH LOW SC OUT 9 - Finale, Part 1 Molly LOW HIGH HIGH IN HIGH HIGH IN OUT 8 - Race to the Finale Cartier IN HIGH IN LOW IN WIN OUT 7 - High End Italian Fashion Allie IN IN HIGH HIGH IN OUT 6 - Firefighting Clients A'kai IN LOW SAFE IN OUT 5 - Light Up the Runway Rene HIGH IN LOW OUT 4 - Step it Up from Day to Night Lucas IN OUT 2 - An Unconventional Pool Party! Ruby OUT 1 - Welcome to New York Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying "One World, One Dream. Free Tibet", and the other, "Free Tibet '08". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. "Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent." The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance. Title: Delamanid Passage: The medication was not readily available globally as of 2015. It was believed that pricing will be similar to bedaquiline, which for six months is approximately US$900 in low income countries, US$3,000 in middle income countries, and US$30,000 in high income countries. As of 2016 the Stop TB Partnership had an agreement to get the medication for US$1,700 per six month. Title: Ink Master (season 9) Passage: No. Shops 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Finale No. Flash Challenge Winner Allegory Arts Unkindness Art Old Town Ink Unkindness Art Old Town Ink Artistic Skin Designs Old Town Ink Black Spade Tattoo Unkindness Art Black Cobra Tattoos Black Cobra Tattoos None None None Golden Skull Tattoo None None Old Town Ink H / L HIGH HIGH WIN LOW WIN IN LOW HIGH F / O LOW F / O WIN WIN MASTER SHOP Black Cobra Tattoos HIGH HIGH IN WIN HIGH F / O LOW WIN RUNNER - UP Basilica Tattoo IN IN WIN IN F / O HIGH WIN LOW WIN OUT Unkindness Art IMM IN IN WIN IN HIGH HIGH LOW IN LOW WIN LOW WIN HIGH OUT 5 Golden Skull Tattoo WIN F / O WIN F / O OUT 6 Empire State Studio LOW HIGH WIN IN OUT 7 Allegory Arts IMM HIGH IN LOW IN IN IN LOW LOW LOW WIN OUT 8 Artistic Skin Designs WIN WIN HIGH IN IN IN LOW WIN HIGH LOW OUT 9 Classic Trilogy Tattoo IN IN IN IN LOW LOW LOW HIGH HIGH OUT 10 Pinz & Needlez IN LOW WIN HIGH LOW WIN IN IN OUT 11 Black Spade Tattoo LOW LOW LOW OUT 12 Boneface Ink Tattoo Shop IN OUT 13 House of Monkey Tattoo IN IN OUT 14 Think Before You Ink LOW LOW OUT 15 Tri-Cities Tattoo LOW LOW LOW OUT 16 Black Anchor Collective HIGH IN OUT 17 The Marked Society Tattoo LOW OUT 18 Thicker Than Blood OUT Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as "Lucky Cloud". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet." On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Title: Highs and Lows Passage: Highs and Lows () is a Hong Kong television crime drama serial produced by TVB under executive producer Lam Chi-wah. The drama stars Michael Miu, Raymond Lam, Kate Tsui, Elaine Ng, Ella Koon and Ben Wong. It originally aired from 24 September to 4 November 2012, on Hong Kong's Jade, and ran for 30 episodes. Title: Florida Passage: The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw). Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit (32–34 °C). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward. With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country.	[ "Highs and Lows", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" ]
When did the country that joined an alliance with Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the nation where Marawan died, gain its independence?	1946	[]	Title: Najran Region Passage: Najran (Arabic: نجران‎ Najrān) is a region of Saudi Arabia, located in the south of the country along the border with Yemen. It has an area of 149,511 km². Its capital is Najran. Title: Saleh Al-Dawod Passage: Saleh Al-Dawod (24 September 1968, Dir'iya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is a former football player. He was part of the squad for the Saudi Arabia national team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States. Title: Emirate of Nejd Passage: The Emirate of Nejd was the second Saudi state, existing between 1824 and 1891 in Nejd, the regions of Riyadh and Ha'il of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central and eastern Arabia after the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, having previously been brought down by the Ottoman Empire's Egypt Eyalet in the Ottoman–Wahhabi War (1811–1818). Title: Wail al-Shehri Passage: Shehri was an elementary school teacher from Khamis Mushait in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. In early 2000, he traveled to Medina to seek treatment for mental problems. He and his younger brother Waleed traveled to Afghanistan in March 2000 and joined an Al-Qaeda training camp. The brothers were chosen, along with others from the same region of Saudi Arabia, to participate in the September 11 attacks. Once selected, Shehri returned to Saudi Arabia in October 2000 to obtain a clean passport, then returned to Afghanistan. In March 2001, he recorded his last will and testament on video. Title: Saudi Arabia Passage: Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in the Middle East, the second-largest in the Arab world (after Algeria), the fifth-largest in Asia, and the 12th-largest in the world. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south; it is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains. As of October 2018, the Saudi economy was the largest in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world. Saudi Arabia also has one of the world's youngest populations; 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old. Title: Gamal Abdel Nasser Passage: In January 1957, the US adopted the Eisenhower Doctrine and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East. Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region, his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region. Eisenhower tried to isolate Nasser and reduce his regional influence by attempting to transform King Saud into a counterweight. Also in January, the elected Jordanian prime minister and Nasser supporter Sulayman al-Nabulsi brought Jordan into a military pact with Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. Title: Gulf War Passage: The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War, First Iraq War or Iraq War, before the term ``Iraq War ''became identified instead with the 2003 Iraq War (also referred to in the US as`` Operation Iraqi Freedom''). The Iraqi Army's occupation of Kuwait that began 2 August 1990 was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the UN Security Council. US President George H.W. Bush deployed US forces into Saudi Arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. An array of nations joined the coalition, the largest military alliance since World War II. The great majority of the coalition's military forces were from the US, with Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and Egypt as leading contributors, in that order. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia paid around US $32 billion of the US $60 billion cost. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa.[citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt. Title: King Khalid Foundation Passage: The King Khalid Foundation is a charitable organization established in Saudi Arabia in 2001 by the family of the late King Khalid, who ruled the country from 1975 until his death in 1982. Title: Geography of Jordan Passage: Jordan is situated geographically in Southwest Asia, south of Syria, west of Iraq, northwest of Saudi Arabia and east of Palestine and the West Bank; politically, the area has also been referred to in the West as the Middle or Near East. The territory of Jordan now covers about 91,880 square kilometres (35,480 sq mi). Title: Mona Al Munajjed Passage: Mona Al Munajjed gained a MA in sociology from New York University and a PhD in sociology from George Washington University. as first social affairs officer at the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Her project "Activating the Role of Women's Welfare Associations in Saudi Arabia", funded by Abdul Latif Jameel Company Ltd, pioneered the funding of UN projects in Saudi Arabia by the private sector. In 2005 she received the UN 21 award for the project. Title: Iran–Sudan relations Passage: Iran–Sudan relations refers to diplomatic, economic and military relations between Sudan and Iran. For nearly three decades, Iran and Sudan enjoyed a close relationship. However, Sudan decided to expel all Iranian groups just hours before joining a Saudi military operation in Yemen in March 2015 as the Sudanese President is said to be calculating in favour of his fragile economy in addition to the trauma and horror which struck the Sudanese society when seeing its best and brightest joining the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) this March, generating a huge public alarm about regional security. The emotional component of protecting Saudi Arabia and walking back to the (Arab house) unfolded dramatically in Arab media. On January 4, 2016 Sudan cut off all diplomatic relations with Iran due to tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran. As a result, the bond between both countries has severely soured. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qays, who supported Ibn al-Zubayr, and the Quda'a, who supported Marwan, a descendant of Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah. The partisans of Marwan triumphed at a battle at Marj Rahit, near Damascus, in 684, and Marwan became caliph shortly thereafter. Title: Parliament of Jordan Passage: As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989. Title: 2017–19 Qatar diplomatic crisis Passage: Since he took power in 1995, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani believed Qatar could find security only by transforming itself from a Saudi appendage to a rival of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia withdrew its ambassador to Doha from 2002 to 2008 to try to pressure Qatar to curb its individualistic tendencies. This approach broadly failed. The Arab Spring left a power vacuum which both Saudi Arabia and Qatar sought to fill, with Qatar being supportive of the revolutionary wave and Saudi Arabia opposing it; since both states are allies of the United States, they avoid direct conflict with one another. Qatar has had differences with other Arab governments on a number of issues: it broadcasts Al Jazeera; it is accused of maintaining good relations with Iran; and it has supported the Muslim Brotherhood in the past. Qatar has been accused of sponsoring terrorism. Some countries have faulted Qatar for funding rebel groups in Syria, including al-Qaeda’s affiliate in Syria, the al-Nusra Front, although the Saudis have done the same. Qatar has allowed the Afghan Taliban to set up a political office inside the country. Qatar is a close ally of the United States, hosting the largest American base in the Middle East, Al Udeid Air Base. Title: Dammam Passage: In many ways, the Dammam Area has evolved as the link between Saudi Arabia and the outside world, exporting the Kingdom's products and importing its needs and thriving on the interaction between Saudi Arabia and other countries. Title: House of Saud Passage: The House of Saud has gone through three phases: the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State (1744 -- 1818), marked by the expansion of Wahhabism; the Emirate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State (1824 -- 1891), marked with continuous infighting; and the Third Saudi State (1902 -- present), which evolved into Saudi Arabia in 1932 and now wields considerable influence in the Middle East. The family has had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, the Sharif of Mecca, the Al Rashid family of Ha'il and their vassal houses in Najd, numerous Islamist groups both inside and outside Saudi Arabia and Shia minority in Saudi Arabia. Title: Al Faisaliyah Center Passage: The Al Faisaliyah Centre (or Al Faisaliah Centre, ) is a commercial skyscraper located in the business district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the fourth tallest building in Saudi Arabia after the Kingdom Centre, Burj Rafal and Abraj Al Bait. It is also called Star Dome.The round portion at the top of Faisaliah Center is a restaurant called “The Globe”. The Globe is one of the premier restaurants in Saudi Arabia and has 360 degree views that make it unique. Title: Embassy of Saudi Arabia, London Passage: The Embassy of Saudi Arabia in London (officially the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia) () is the diplomatic mission of Saudi Arabia in the United Kingdom. Saudi Arabia also maintains a Defence Attaché’s Office at 26 Queen's Gate, South Kensington, a Diplomatic Office of the Cultural Bureau at 630 Chiswick High Road, Gunnersbury, a Medical Section at 60 Queen Anne Street, Marylebone, a Commercial Section at 15/16 Queen Street, Mayfair, an Islamic Affairs Section at 2nd Floor, Park Lorne, 111 Park Road, Lisson Grove and an Information Section at 18 Seymour Street, Marylebone. Title: Ahmed Mater Passage: Ahmed Mater (born 1979, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia) is a Saudi artist and physician. His mediums are photography, calligraphy, painting, installation, performance and video. His work, which explores history, the narratives and aesthetics of Islamic culture, and addresses consumerism and transformation taking place in the region and its effects on geopolitics, has attracted an international audience. In 2003, he cofounded "Edge of Arabia", an independent arts initiative dedicated to promoting the appreciation of contemporary Arab art and culture, with a focus on Saudi Arabia.	[ "Parliament of Jordan", "Umayyad Caliphate", "Gamal Abdel Nasser" ]
When did the group ruling the country considered one of NATO's creators during the reign of terror start?	April 1793	[]	Title: Terror of the Range Passage: Terror of the Range is a 1919 American Western film serial directed by Stuart Paton. The film is considered to be lost. Title: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel Passage: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror. Title: Law enforcement in Afghanistan Passage: All the law enforcement agencies of Afghanistan are set up and trained by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) states, mainly by the United States. In 2003 the mandate of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), under the command of NATO, was extended and expanded beyond the Kabul Province so that all parts of the country live by the rule of law. In some areas unoccupied by ISAF forces, local militias maintained control until they were gradually unarmed under programs that were started by the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Title: Egypt Passage: The United States provides Egypt with annual military assistance, which in 2015 amounted to US$1.3 billion. In 1989, Egypt was designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, with the Obama administration condemning Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, and cancelling future military exercises involving the two countries. There have been recent attempts, however, to normalise relations between the two, with both governments frequently calling for mutual support in the fight against regional and international terrorism. Title: Burgo de Osma Cathedral Passage: The Cathedral of Burgo de Osma is a Roman Catholic church located in El Burgo de Osma, central Spain. It is in the Gothic architectural style, and was constructed on an area previously occupied by a Romanesque church. It is one of the best preserved medieval buildings in the country and considered one of the best examples of thirteenth-century gothic architecture in Spain. The building of the church started in 1232, and was completed in 1784. The cloister is from 1512. The tower is from 1739. Title: Paris Passage: Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul. Title: Rule of law Passage: The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, the police and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime or violence." Based on this definition the Worldwide Governance Indicators project has developed aggregate measurements for the rule of law in more than 200 countries, as seen in the map below. A government based on the rule of law can be called a "nomocracy", from the Greek nomos (law) and kratos (power or rule). Title: Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne Passage: Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne (23 April 17563 June 1819), also known as Jean Nicolas, was a French personality of the Revolutionary period. Though not one of the most well known figures of the French Revolution, Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne was an instrumental figure of the period known as the Reign of Terror. Billaud-Varenne climbed his way up the ladder of power during that period, becoming one of the most militant members of the Committee of Public Safety. He was recognized and worked with French Revolution figures Georges Danton and Maximilien Robespierre, and is often considered one of the key architects of The Terror. "No, we will not step backward, our zeal will only be smothered in the tomb; either the Revolution will triumph or we will all die." Title: Sophie de Condorcet Passage: Sophie de Condorcet (1764 in Meulan – 8 September 1822 in Paris), best known as Madame de Condorcet, was a prominent salon hostess from 1789 to the Reign of Terror, and again from 1799 until her death in 1822. She was the wife, then widow, of the mathematician and philosopher Nicolas de Condorcet, who died during the Reign of Terror. Despite his death, and the exile of her brother Marshal Emmanuel, Marquis de Grouchy between 1815 and 1821, she maintained her own identity and was well-connected and influential before, during, and after the French Revolution. Title: Warsaw Pact Passage: Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO. Title: Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India Passage: The discovery of the sea route to India is the description sometimes used in Europe and among the Portuguese for the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1497 - 1499. Considered by Europe to be one of the most remarkable voyages of the Age of Discovery, it consolidated the Portuguese maritime presence in Indian Ocean and that country's dominance of global trade routes. Title: The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror Passage: The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror is a lecture and book written by Michael Ignatieff as part of the Gifford Lectures. In it, Ignatieff considers the question of how, in a liberal democracy, it is possible to balance the legitimate rights of innocent citizens against the state's need to combat terrorism. Title: Red Passage: During the French Revolution, Red became a symbol of liberty and personal freedom used by the Jacobins and other more radical parties. Many of them wore a red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap, modeled after the caps worn by freed slaves in Ancient Rome. During the height of the Reign of Terror, Women wearing red caps gathered around the guillotine to celebrate each execution. They were called the "Furies of the guillotine". The guillotines used during the Reign of Terror in 1792 and 1793 were painted red, or made of red wood. During the Reign of Terror a statue of a woman titled liberty, painted red, was placed in the square in front of the guillotine. After the end of the Reign of Terror, France went back to the blue, white and red tricolor, whose red was taken from the traditional color of Saint Denis, the Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris. Title: Reign of Terror Passage: On 6 April the Committee of Public Safety was created, which gradually became the de facto war - time government. Title: André Antoine Bernard Passage: André Antoine Bernard (21 June 1751 – 19 October 1818) called Bernard de Saintes, was a French lawyer and revolutionary, one of the Jacobins responsible for the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution. Title: Ahmad Tajuddin Passage: His reign represented the start of a new era in Brunei. The discovery of oil changed the whole course of Brunei's history and enabled faster development in all sectors of the country. The expansion and improvement of formal education and his encouragement of religious education were some of his additional contributions to Brunei Darussalam. Title: Louis V of France Passage: Louis V (c. 966 – 21 May 987), also known as Louis the Do-Nothing (French: Louis le Fainéant), was the King of West Francia from 986 until his premature death a year later. During his reign, the nobility essentially ruled the country. Dying childless, he was the last monarch in the Carolingian line in West Francia. Title: Committee of Public Safety Passage: The Committee of Public Safety (French: Comité de salut public) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793 -- 94), a stage of the French Revolution. The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence (established in January 1793) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. As a wartime measure, the Committee -- composed at first of nine, and later of twelve, members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military, judicial, and legislative efforts. It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention. As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country, it became more and more powerful. Title: France Passage: The GPRF laid the groundwork for a new constitutional order that resulted in the Fourth Republic, which saw spectacular economic growth (les Trente Glorieuses). France was one of the founding members of NATO (1949). France attempted to regain control of French Indochina but was defeated by the Viet Minh in 1954 at the climactic Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Only months later, France faced another anti-colonialist conflict in Algeria. The systematic torture and repression, as well as the extrajudicial killings that were perpetrated to keep control of Algeria, then considered as an integral part of France and home to over one million European settlers, wracked the country and nearly led to a coup and civil war.In 1958, the weak and unstable Fourth Republic gave way to the Fifth Republic, which included a strengthened Presidency. In the latter role, Charles de Gaulle managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the Algerian war. The war was concluded with the Évian Accords in 1962 that led to Algerian independence. The Algerian independence came at the price a heavy human toll among the Algerian population. It resulted in some 500,000 to 1 million deaths and over 2 million internally displaced Algerians. A vestige of the colonial empire are the French overseas departments and territories. Title: Member states of NATO Passage: NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). In 1990, with the reunification of Germany, NATO grew to include the former country of East Germany. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro - Atlantic Partnership Council. In 1997, three former Warsaw Pact countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the Vilnius group of The Baltics and seven East European countries formed in May 2000 to cooperate and lobby for further NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. The Adriatic States Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009, Montenegro in 2017.	[ "Reign of Terror", "Committee of Public Safety", "France" ]
When did the performer of Just to See You Smile release his first album?	1993	[]	Title: Tim McGraw Passage: Tim McGraw (1993) Not a Moment Too Soon (1994) All I Want (1995) Everywhere (1997) A Place in the Sun (1999) Set This Circus Down (2001) Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors (2002) Live Like You Were Dying (2004) Let It Go (2007) Southern Voice (2009) Emotional Traffic (2012) Two Lanes of Freedom (2013) Sundown Heaven Town (2014) Damn Country Music (2015) The Rest of Our Life (with Faith Hill) (2017) Title: À chacun son histoire Passage: À chacun son histoire ("To Each Their Story") is the second studio album and the first internationally released album by Natasha St-Pier on 2000 (see 2000 in music). Title: Alive in America Passage: Alive in America is a live album by the American jazz rock group Steely Dan, released in 1995. It is Steely Dan's first live album. The album comprises recordings from their 1993 and 1994 tours, which were the first live Steely Dan performances since 1974. Title: Greatest! Passage: Greatest! is the fourth album by American singer-songwriter Johnny Cash, released on Sun Records on 12 January 1959 (see 1959 in music). It was Cash's third record on the label, which he had left the previous year to join Columbia Records. By the time the album was released, Cash had already recorded "The Fabulous Johnny Cash", his first album with Columbia. This overlap would continue until 1964 with Sun releasing additional albums and singles of previously unreleased material in parallel with Cash's Columbia releases. Title: Don't Smile at Me Passage: dont smile at me EP by Billie Eilish Released August 11, 2017 Recorded 2016 Length 28: 58 Label Interscope Producer Finneas O'Connell Singles from dont smile at me ``Ocean Eyes ''Released: November 18, 2016`` Bellyache'' Released: February 24, 2017 ``Watch ''Released: June 30, 2017`` Idontwannabeyouanymore'' Released: July 20, 2017 Title: Fine Print (song) Passage: "Fine Print" is a song by Nadia Ali. It was released on July 1, 2009 as the third single from Ali's debut solo album "Embers" by Smile in Bed Records. Title: John B. Sebastian (album) Passage: John B. Sebastian is the debut album by American singer/songwriter John Sebastian, previously best known as the co-founder and primary singer/songwriter of the 1960s folk-rock band the Lovin' Spoonful. The album, released in January 1970 (see 1970 in music), includes several songs that would become staples of Sebastian's live performances during the early and mid-1970s. Most notably, the album included "She's a Lady", Sebastian's first solo single (released in December 1968), and an alternate version of "I Had a Dream" which was used to open of the 1970 documentary film "Woodstock". "John B. Sebastian" also featured support performances by David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash several months before that trio agreed to work together as a performing unit. Title: Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me) Passage: ``Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me) ''is a song by British rock band Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel, released as the lead single from the band's 1975 album The Best Years of Our Lives. It was written by Harley, and produced by Harley and Alan Parsons. In February 1975, the song reached the number - one spot on the UK chart and received a UK Silver certification. It spent nine weeks in the Top 50, and as of 2015, has sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide. Title: Voices & Images Passage: Voices & Images is the debut studio album by the German band Camouflage, released by Atlantic Records and Metronome on March 4, 1988. Four singles were released from the album: "The Great Commandment", "Strangers' Thoughts", "Neighbours", "That Smiling Face". On 12th October 2018 is announced the release of limited edition of the album via German Tapete Records to mark the 30th anniversary of "Voices & Images", the album now earns a repackaged, limited edition reissue featuring deleted remixes, rare versions and B-sides. Available as a double CD and triple vinyl. Title: Just to See You Smile Passage: "Just to See You Smile" is a song written by Mark Nesler and Tony Martin, and performed by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in August 1997 as the third single from McGraw's fourth studio album "Everywhere". Having spent 42 weeks on the "Billboard" chart, it set what was then a record for being the longest-running single on the "Billboard" country chart since the inception of Nielsen SoundScan in 1990. It was also the longest chart run for any country single in the 1990s. The song was also released by Mitchell Tenpenny in 2018. Title: Whiplash Smile Passage: Whiplash Smile is the third studio album by English rock vocalist Billy Idol. It was released on 20 October 1986 by Chrysalis Records. After his successful album "Rebel Yell" (1983), Idol continued his collaboration with Keith Forsey and Steve Stevens while writing and producing songs for the album. Title: Here & Now (America album) Passage: Here & Now is the 16th original studio album by American folk rock duo America, released by Burgundy Records in January 2007 (see 2007 in music). This is the first pop music studio album released by the group since "Human Nature" in 1998 (the group released a Christmas-themed studio album in 2002, "Holiday Harmony"). This album was a modest hit when it was released in 2007, reaching 52 on the Billboard album chart; America's best chart showing since 1982's "View from the Ground". Title: Perfectly Clear Passage: Perfectly Clear is the sixth studio album recorded by American singer Jewel. Her first album of country music, it was released on Valory Records (an imprint of Big Machine Records) on June 3, 2008 (see 2008 in country music). Title: Smile from the Streets You Hold Passage: Smile from the Streets You Hold is the second solo album by John Frusciante. The record was released during a time when Frusciante was not performing with the Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released on August 26, 1997 on Birdman Records, while Frusciante was still addicted to drugs. The record is an amalgamation of songs from various periods of time, mainly extras not included on Frusciante's debut "Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt" (1994); included, however, are several tracks recorded around 1996 and "A Fall Thru the Ground" from 1988. Title: 867-5309/Jenny Passage: "867-5309/Jenny" is a 1981 song written by Alex Call and Jim Keller and performed by Tommy Tutone that was released on the album "Tommy Tutone 2", on the Columbia Records label. It peaked at #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and #16 on the "Billboard" Top Tracks chart in May 1982 (see 1982 in music). Title: Happy Magic: Smile Project Passage: Happy Magic: Smile Project is the fifth studio album by Japanese pop singer Aya Ueto. It was released on July 15, 2009 on Pony Canyon. Title: Do You See What I See? (song) Passage: ``Do You See What I See? ''is the fourteenth single by Australian pub rock band Hunters & Collectors, released in 1987. It was released ahead of the album on August 1987 in both 7'' and 12 ''formats. It was released as the first single from Hunters & Collectors fifth album What's a Few Men?.`` Do You See What I See?'' peaked at number 33 on the ARIA Charts and at number 13 on the Recorded Music NZ. Title: Under the Thumb Passage: "Under the Thumb" is the third single from Amy Studt's debut album "False Smiles". Released on September 29, 2003, the single reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number 36 in Ireland. Title: Dance into the Light (song) Passage: "Dance into the Light" is a song performed by Phil Collins and released in 1996 as the first single from the album "Dance into the Light". Title: My Feet Are Smiling Passage: My Feet Are Smiling is American guitarist Leo Kottke's sixth album, and his second album recorded live. It reached No. 108 on the "Billboard" Pop Albums charts.	[ "Just to See You Smile", "Tim McGraw" ]
Is the exact reason known for the crucifixion of the man who would appear resurrected in the Road to Emmaus story?	the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine	[ "Christ", "Jesus" ]	Title: Road to Emmaus appearance Passage: According to the New Testament, the road to Emmaus appearance is one of the early resurrection appearances of Jesus after his crucifixion and the discovery of the empty tomb. Both the meeting on the road to Emmaus and the subsequent supper at Emmaus, depicting the meal that Jesus had with two disciples after the encounter on the road, have been popular subjects in art. Title: Scenes from the Passion of Christ Passage: Scenes from the Passion of Christ is an oil painting on a panel of Baltic oak, painted c.1470 by German-born Early Netherlandish painter Hans Memling. The painting shows 23 vignettes of the "Life of Christ" combined in one narrative composition without a central dominating scene: 19 episodes from the Passion of Christ, the Resurrection, and 3 later appearances of the risen Christ (to Mary Magdalene, on the road to Emmaus, and at the Sea of Galilee). The painting was commissioned by Tommaso Portinari, an Italian banker based in Bruges, who is depicted in a donor portrait kneeling and praying in the lower left corner, with his wife, Maria Baroncelli, in a similar attitude in the lower right corner. Title: Márcia Fernandes Passage: Márcia Fernandes Silva (born 29 May 1991) is a road cyclist from Brazil. She participated at the 2010 UCI Road World Championships and 2011 UCI Road World Championships. Title: Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio, London) Passage: The Supper at Emmaus is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio, executed in 1601, and now in the National Gallery in London. Originally this painting was commissioned and paid for by Ciriaco Mattei, brother of cardinal Girolamo Mattei. Title: Hasdrubal the Boetharch Passage: Hasdrubal the Boetharch (, "ʿAzrubaʿal") was a Carthaginian general during the Third Punic War. Little is known about him. "Boetharch" was a Carthaginian office, the exact function of which is unclear but which is not to be confused with the Greek boeotarch. Title: Ron Bishop Passage: Ron Bishop (March 12, 1943 – September 20, 2014) was an off-road motorcycle racer from the Woodland, Washington in the United States. He was a long-term participant in the Baja 1000 and other desert off-road races. Title: Nutrition Passage: The list of nutrients that people are known to require is, in the words of Marion Nestle, "almost certainly incomplete". As of 2014, nutrients are thought to be of two types: macro-nutrients which are needed in relatively large amounts, and micronutrients which are needed in smaller quantities. A type of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, i.e. non-digestible material such as cellulose, is required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, although the exact reasons remain unclear. Other micronutrients include antioxidants and phytochemicals, which are said to influence (or protect) some body systems. Their necessity is not as well established as in the case of, for instance, vitamins. Title: Brandon Flynn Passage: Brandon Flynn (born October 11, 1993) is an American actor, best - known for his role as Justin Foley in the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why, as well as appearing as himself in the short film Home Movies, and Mike the Intern in BrainDead. Title: Dylan Minnette Passage: Dylan Christopher Minnette (born December 29, 1996) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his role as Clay Jensen in the Netflix drama series 13 Reasons Why. He has also appeared in the drama series Lost, the fantasy series Awake, the drama series Scandal and Grey's Anatomy. Title: 1111 Lincoln Road Passage: 1111 Lincoln Road is a parking garage in the South Beach section of Miami Beach, Florida, designed by the internationally known Swiss architectural firm of Herzog & de Meuron. It is located at the western end of the Lincoln Road Mall at the intersection with Alton Road, and can house some 300 cars. Since its opening in 2010, it has attracted considerable interest because its unique appearance is different from more traditional parking garage designs. Title: Tjaša Rutar Passage: Tjaša Rutar (born 10 December 1984) is a road cyclist from Slovenia. She participated at the 2011 UCI Road World Championships and 2012 UCI Road World Championships. Title: N3 Eastern Bypass (South Africa) Passage: The N3 Eastern Bypass is a section of the Johannesburg Ring Road that forms a beltway around the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, as part of the N3. The first section of the freeway opened in 1971, from Buccleuch to the interchanged with Main Reef Road in Germiston. This is one reason why Germiston is listed as the southbound destination from the Buccleuch to Geldenhuis Interchanges, rather than Heidelberg. The remaining section from Main Reed Road to Black Reef Road, which included the construction of the Geldenhuys Interchange, was opened in 1977, linking the Eastern Bypass with the N3 freeway to Heidelberg. The interchange at Main Reef Road was removed. Title: Pantheon Fossae Passage: The Pantheon Fossae are a radial set of troughs in a region in the middle of Caloris Basin on Mercury. They appear to be a set of graben formed by extensional faults, with a 40 km crater located near the center of the pattern. The exact origin of this pattern of troughs is not currently known. The feature was nicknamed "the Spider" before receiving its official name. Title: Operation Nachshon Passage: Operation Nachshon (, "Mivtza Nahshon") was a Jewish military operation during the 1948 war. Lasting from 5–16 April 1948, its objective was to break the Siege of Jerusalem by opening the Tel-Aviv – Jerusalem road blockaded by Palestinian Arabs and to supply food and weapons to the isolated Jewish community of Jerusalem. The operation was also known as "The operation to take control of the Jerusalem road,", following which participating units later broke-off to form the Harel Brigade. Title: Crucifixion of Jesus Passage: The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified. Title: Amzi L. Barber Passage: Amzi Lorenzo Barber (June 22, 1843 – April 17, 1909) was a pioneer of the asphalt industry in the United States, and an early participant in the automobile industry as well. He laid many of the roads in Westchester County, New York and was known as "The Asphalt King". Title: Theresa Cliff-Ryan Passage: Theresa Cliff-Ryan (born June 19, 1978) is a road cyclist from the United States. She participated at the 2010 UCI Road World Championships and 2011 UCI Road World Championships. Title: Runner's World Passage: Runner's World is a globally circulated monthly magazine for runners of all skills sets, published by Rodale Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Title: Saint Peter Passage: According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar. It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus. Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel. His remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first - century Roman cemetery. Every 29 June since 1736, a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara, ring of the fisherman, and papal vestments, as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul. According to Catholic doctrine, the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is the incumbent pope, currently Pope Francis. Title: Ain't Passage: Ai n't as a contraction for has not / have not first appeared in dictionaries in the 1830s, and appeared in 1819 in Niles' Weekly Register: Strike! Why I ai n't got nobody here to strike... Charles Dickens likewise used ai n't to mean have n't in Chapter 28 of Martin Chuzzlewit (1844): ``You ai n't got nothing to cry for, bless you! He's righter than a trivet! ''	[ "Crucifixion of Jesus", "Road to Emmaus appearance" ]
Who is the minister of local government in the country containing the Manjirenji Dam?	Hon July Moyo	[]	Title: Monción Dam Passage: The Monción Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Mao River near Monción in Santiago Rodríguez Province of the Dominican Republic. At tall, it is the highest dam in the country. The purpose of the dam is to produce hydroelectric power and supply water for irrigation. The dam's power station is located downstream and contains two 26 MW Francis turbine-generators for an installed capacity of 52 MW. The dam was completed and began filling its reservoir on 22 September 2001. Its power station was commissioned on 27 April 2002. Title: Slezská Harta Dam Passage: Slezská Harta Dam () is a water reservoir and dam in the Nízký Jeseník mountain range, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. The dam is built on upper course of the Moravice River. With the surface of 8.7 km² it is one of the largest reservoirs in the country. It was constructed in 1987-1998. Title: Kurje Dam Passage: Kurje Dam, also called Dhapcheri Dam, is an earthfill dam on local river named Viroli near Dahanu, Thane district in the state of Maharashtra in India. Title: Fourth National Government of New Zealand Passage: The Fourth National Government of New Zealand (also known as the Bolger–Shipley Government) was the government of New Zealand from 2 November 1990 to 27 November 1999. Following electoral reforms in the 1996 election, Jim Bolger formed a coalition with New Zealand First. Following Bolger's resignation, the government was led by Jenny Shipley, the country's first female Prime Minister, for the final two years. Title: Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development (Zimbabwe) Passage: The Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development is a government ministry, responsible for local government in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Hon July Moyo and the deputy minister is Sesel Zvidzai. It oversees: Title: Igabi Passage: Igabi is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is one of 774 local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria. The first confirmed H5N1 (bird flu) outbreak in an African country was on February 8, 2006 on a commercial chicken farm in Jaji, a village in Igabi. Title: Ministry of Local Government (Uganda) Passage: The Ministry of Local Government (MOLG), is a cabinet - level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for the ``creation, supervision and guidance of sustainable, efficient and effective service delivery in the decentralized system of governance. The ministry is responsible for the harmonization and support of all local government functions, to cause positive socio - economic transformation of Uganda ''. The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister, currently Tom Butime. Title: Houghton, Norfolk Passage: For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is the location of Houghton Hall, a large country house built by Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Title: Chris Watson Passage: John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country. Title: Manjirenji Dam Passage: Manjirenji Dam, formerly known as Lake McDougal, lies in south eastern Zimbabwe, east of Masvingo. It was built to provide irrigation water to the farming estates on the lowveld to the southwest, around the town of Chiredzi, where the main crop has been sugar cane. Title: Prime minister Passage: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. Title: Lianghekou Dam Passage: The Lianghekou Dam ("meaning:" "mouth of two rivers") is a concrete-face rock-fill dam currently under construction on the Yalong River in Yajiang County, Sichuan Province, China. The dam is located at the confluence of the Yalong, Xianshui and Qingda Rivers. The tall dam will be the highest embankment dam in the country and support a 3,000 MW power station. Studies for the dam were completed between 2005 and 2009 with preliminary construction beginning that year. Major works on the dam officially began in October 2014. The first generator is expected to be commissioned in 2021 and the project complete in 2023. Title: Prime minister Passage: The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages. Title: Nanduri Dam Passage: Nanduri Dam, is an earthfill and gravity dam on Tapti river near Ama Local Nallaher, Nashik district in the state of Maharashtra in India. Title: Atkinsons Dam, Queensland Passage: Atkinsons Dam is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. It is known for the Atkinson Dam which occupies most of the locality. In the 2011 census, Atkinsons Dam had a population of 193 people. Title: Pathari Dam Passage: Pathari Dam, is an earthfill dam on local river near Barshi, Solapur district in the state of Maharashtra in India. Title: Cania Dam Passage: Cania Dam is a dam in central Queensland, Australia, north west of Monto, in the locality of Cania. The dam is situated on Three Moon Creek, a tributary of the Burnett River. It has a surface area is , an average depth of and a capacity of 89,000 ML. Title: Masalga Dam Passage: Masalga Dam, is an earthfill dam on local river near Nilanga, Latur district in the state of Maharashtra in India. Title: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Passage: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Royal Arms of Her Majesty's Government Incumbent James Brokenshire since 30 April 2018 Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government Style Communities Secretary (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth) Appointer The Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister Formation 6 May 2006 First holder David Miliband Website www.communities.gov.uk Title: Gandhi Sagar Dam Passage: The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India's Chambal River. The dam is located in the Mandsaur, Neemuch districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of . The dam's foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 7 March 1954, and construction of the main dam was done by leading contractor Dwarka Das Agrawal & Associates and was completed in 1960. Additional dam structures were completed downstream in the 1970s.	[ "Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development (Zimbabwe)", "Manjirenji Dam" ]
What is the place where Luigi Fabris lived at the time of his death an example of?	comune	[ "Comune" ]	Title: Luigi Gatti Passage: Luigi Gatti (October 7, 1740 – March 1, 1817) was a classical composer. He was born in Lazise in 1740, the son of an organist, Francesco della Gatta. He was ordained a priest in Mantua. In the 1780s he became Hofkapellmeister in Salzburg and Leopold Mozart showed his irritation at not receiving it himself. Between 1801 and 1804 Gatti helped Mozart's sister, Nannerl to locate unknown pieces by Mozart. He died in Salzburg in 1817. Title: La ragazza dalla pelle di luna Passage: La ragazza dalla pelle di luna (also known as "Sex of Their Bodies", "Moon Skin" and "The Sinner") is a 1973 Italian erotic drama film written and directed by Luigi Scattini. It marked the film debut of Zeudi Araya. Title: Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers Passage: Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers ( or Luigi di Gonzaga-Nevers; 18 September 1539 – 23 October 1595) was an Italian-French dignitary and diplomat in France. He was the third child of Frederick II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, and Margaret Palaeologina. Title: Hellblazer Presents: Chas – The Knowledge Passage: Hellblazer Presents: Chas – The Knowledge is a comic book limited series, written by Simon Oliver, with artwork by Goran Sudžuka, and cover art by Glenn Fabry. It is a spin-off from the Vertigo series "Hellblazer", featuring John Constantine's oldest and closest friend, Francis 'Chas' Chandler. Title: Computational complexity theory Passage: To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances. Title: Luigi Vespoli Passage: Luigi Vespoli (12 January 1834 – 1861) was an Italian composer. His opera "La cantante" premiered at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples on 22 October 1858. Title: Luigi Cimara Passage: Luigi Cimara (19 July 1891 – 26 January 1962) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 46 films between 1914 and 1960. He was born and died in Rome, Italy. Title: Luigi Fabris Passage: Luigi Fabris (Bassano del Grappa, August 23, 1883, Bassano del Grappa, May 19, 1952) was an Italian sculptor and ceramist. Title: Forever Mery Passage: Forever Mery (), is a 1989 Italian drama film directed by Marco Risi and released in 1989. It stars Michele Placido, Claudio Amendola, Alessandra Di Sanzo, Francesco Benigno, Roberto Mariano, Maurizio Prollo, Filippo Genzardi, Alfredo Li Bassi, Salvatore Termini, Luigi Maria Burruano, Gianluca Favilla, Giovanni Alamia and Tony Sperandeo. Title: Bassano del Grappa Passage: Bassano del Grappa (Venetian: "Basan" // (plain form) or "Bassan"/"Bassàn" (italianized form)) is a city and "comune", in the Vicenza province, in the region of Veneto, in northern Italy. It bounds the communes of Cassola, Marostica, Solagna, Pove del Grappa, Romano d'Ezzelino, Campolongo sul Brenta, Conco, Rosà, Cartigliano and Nove. Some neighbourhoods of these communes have become in practice a part of the urban area of Bassano, so that the population of the whole conurbation totals around 70,000 people. Title: Trilussa Passage: A very popular person in his city and Italy, Trilussa was named Life Senator on December 1, 1950, by the Italian President Luigi Einaudi. He died twenty days later. Title: Florence Cathedral Passage: The Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (Italian pronunciation: (katteˈdraːle di ˈsanta maˈriːa del ˈfjoːre); in English ``Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower '') is the main church of Florence, Italy. Il Duomo di Firenze, as it is ordinarily called, was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style with the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink bordered by white and has an elaborate 19th - century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris. Title: Ercole Bernabei Passage: Bernabei was born in Caprarola, and became a pupil of Orazio Benevoli in Rome. From 1653 he served as organist at San Luigi dei Francesi as successor of Luigi Rossi. In July 1665 Bernabei was appointed "maestro di cappella" at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran. And from 1672 to 1674 he hold this post at the Cappella Giulia in St. Peter's Basilica thanks to the protection of Christina, Queen of Sweden. Title: A Woman's Story Passage: A Woman's Story or The Story of One Woman (Italian:La storia di una donna) is a 1920 Italian silent drama film directed by Eugenio Perego and starring Pina Menichelli, Luigi Serventi and Livio Pavanelli. A single mother has to work as a high-class prostitute. Title: Luigi di Canossa Passage: Luigi di Canossa SJ (20 April 1809 – 12 March 1900) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Verona from 1861 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1877. Title: Luigi Palma di Cesnola Passage: Luigi Palma di Cesnola (July 29, 1832 – November 20, 1904), an Italian-American soldier, diplomat and amateur archaeologist, was born in Rivarolo Canavese, near Turin. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Civil War. He was United States consul at Larnaca in Cyprus (1865–1877) and first Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (1879–1904). Title: Giovanni Faber Passage: Giovanni Faber (or Johann Faber, sometimes also known as Fabri or Fabro) (1574–1629) was a German papal doctor, botanist and art collector, originally from Bamberg in Bavaria, who lived in Rome from 1598. He was curator of the Vatican botanical garden, a member and the secretary of the Accademia dei Lincei. He acted throughout his career as a political broker between Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and Rome. He was a friend of fellow Linceian Galileo Galilei, and the German painters in Rome, Johann Rottenhammer and Adam Elsheimer. He has also been credited with inventing the name "microscope". Title: Book of Enoch Passage: Outside of Ethiopia, the text of the Book of Enoch was considered lost until the beginning of the seventeenth century, when it was confidently asserted that the book was found in an Ethiopic (Ge'ez) language translation there, and Nicolas - Claude Fabri de Peiresc bought a book that was claimed to be identical to the one quoted by the Epistle of Jude and the Church Fathers. Hiob Ludolf, the great Ethiopic scholar of the 17th and 18th centuries, soon claimed it to be a forgery produced by Abba Bahaila Michael. Title: Domenico Serafini Passage: Domenico Serafini was born in Rome, of ancient nobility, to Luigi Serafini and Costanza Di Pietro. His maternal grandfather, Giovanni Di Pietro, was a consistorial lawyer who, after becoming a widower, was ordained and named auditor of the Roman Rota by Pope Gregory XVI. Through his father, Domenico was related to Marchese Camillo Serafini, who served as the first and only Governor of the Vatican State (1929–1952). Title: A Boy from Calabria Passage: Un ragazzo di Calabria (internationally released as A Boy from Calabria) is a 1987 Italian comedy drama film by Luigi Comencini.	[ "Luigi Fabris", "Bassano del Grappa" ]
What subgenre of Johnson's kind of music do people feel Kanye helped depopularize?	gangsta rap	[ "Gangsta rap" ]	Title: Utrecht Caravaggism Passage: The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's "niche paintings" (a genre popularized by Honthorst). Title: Trebol Clan Passage: Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008). Title: Who Moved My Cheese? Passage: Who Moved My Cheese? Author Spencer Johnson Country United States Language English Genre Self - help / motivational Publisher Putnam Adult Publication date September 7, 1998 (1998 - 09 - 07) Media type Print (Paperback) Pages 32 pp. ISBN 0 - 399 - 14446 - 3 OCLC 38752984 Dewey Decimal 155.2 / 4 LC Class BF637. C4 J64 1998 Title: Shades of Two Worlds Passage: Shades of Two Worlds is the tenth studio album by the Allman Brothers Band. Among the tracks are several longer songs of varying genres: the rock song "Nobody Knows"; jazzy instrumental "Kind of Bird"; and the blues-rocker "Get On with Your Life". Dickey Betts takes a more prominent role in songwriting here than on most other of the group's albums, writing or cowriting five of the eight songs. Newer member Warren Haynes also has co-writing credits on five songs. There is also a Delta Blues cover of Robert Johnson's "Come On in My Kitchen". This album is currently out of print in the U.S., but remains a popular favorite among the group's fans. Title: Hawk Nelson Passage: Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. "Made" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, "Words", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts. Title: There Goes My Everything (song) Passage: ``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967) Title: Scream (Kelis song) Passage: "Scream" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, "Flesh Tone", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics. Title: Kanye West Passage: West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it "highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative." Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, "establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]", and called him "as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up." His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing. Title: Johnson (rapper) Passage: Marc Kwabena Johnson (born 1979 in Svendborg), better known as Johnson, is a Danish rapper. Previously he was known as NiggerenISlæden (alias N.I.S.). Before his solo career, he was a member of the band B.A.N.G.E.R.S. and J.A.Z. and has collaborated with many Danish hip hop artists. Title: W. Ryerson Johnson Passage: Walter Ryerson Johnson (October 19, 1901 – May 24, 1995) was a 20th-century American pulp fiction writer and editor. He wrote in many genres, but is probably best known at having been one of the men who wrote Doc Savage novels, under the pseudonym Kenneth Robeson. He also published works under the names "Matthew Blood" and "Peter Field." Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries. Title: Post-punk Passage: Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre. Title: (There's) Always Something There to Remind Me Passage: ``(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me ''Single by Lou Johnson B - side`` Would n't That Be Something'' Released 1964 Format 7 ''single Genre Pop, soul Length 2: 58 Label Big Hill Songwriter (s) Burt Bacharach, Hal David Producer (s) Burt Bacharach Lou Johnson singles chronology ``Reach Out for Me'' (1963)`` (There's) Always Something There to Remind Me ''(1964) ``Kentucky Bluebird (Message To Martha)'' (1964)`` Reach Out for Me ''(1963) ``(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me'' (1964)`` Kentucky Bluebird (Message To Martha) ''(1964) Title: Pieter Aertsen Passage: Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called "Lange Piet" ("Tall Pete") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands. Title: Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song) Passage: ``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004) Title: Drift Away Passage: ``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973) Title: Big Freedia Passage: Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s. Title: Jean-Patrick Manchette Passage: Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the "nouvelle vague" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette). Title: Put On Passage: ``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008 Title: Willard E. Pugh Passage: Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as "The Color Purple" and "Air Force One" as well as genre films such as "RoboCop 2" and "Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.	[ "Kanye West", "Johnson (rapper)" ]
How many times did the winner of the 2018 WWE Elimination Chamber win the WWE championship?	three	[]	Title: Total Divas Passage: On May 7, 2018, E! and WWE announced that Total Divas had been renewed for seasons 8 and 9. Season 8 is expected to air in fall 2018. Title: WWE Championship Passage: WWE Championship The current WWE Championship belt with default side plates (2014 -- present) Details Promotion WWE Brand SmackDown Date established April 25, 1963 Current champion (s) Jinder Mahal Date won May 21, 2017 Other name (s) WWWF World Heavyweight Championship (1963 -- 1971) WWWF Heavyweight Championship (1971 -- 1979) WWF Heavyweight Championship (1979 -- 1983) WWF World Heavyweight Championship (1983 -- 1998) WWF Championship (1998 -- 2001) Undisputed WWF Championship (2001 -- 2002) Undisputed WWE Championship (2002) WWE Undisputed Championship (2002) WWE Championship (2002 -- 2013, 2016 -- present) WWE World Heavyweight Championship (2013 -- 2016) WWE World Championship (2016) (show) Statistics First champion (s) Buddy Rogers Most reigns John Cena (13 times) Longest reign Bruno Sammartino (2803 days) Shortest reign André the Giant (1 minute, 48 seconds) Oldest winner Vince McMahon (7004197500000000000 ♠ 54 years, 27 days) Youngest winner Brock Lesnar (7003917500000000000 ♠ 25 years, 44 days) Heaviest champion Yokozuna (568 lb (258 kg)) Lightest champion Rey Mysterio (175 lb (79 kg)) Title: Elimination Chamber (2018) Passage: No. Results Stipulations Times Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson defeated The Miztourage (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel) Tag team match 8: 50 Alexa Bliss (c) defeated Sasha Banks, Bayley, Mickie James, Sonya Deville, and Mandy Rose Elimination Chamber match for the WWE Raw Women's Championship 29: 35 Cesaro and Sheamus (c) defeated Titus Worldwide (Apollo and Titus O'Neil) (with Dana Brooke) Tag team match for the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship 10: 05 Asuka defeated Nia Jax Singles match; Had Jax won, she would have been added to Asuka's championship match at WrestleMania 34 8: 15 5 Matt Hardy defeated Bray Wyatt Singles match 9: 55 6 Roman Reigns defeated Braun Strowman, Seth Rollins, Finn Bálor, John Cena, Elias, and The Miz Elimination Chamber match for a WWE Universal Championship match at WrestleMania 34 40: 15 (c) -- refers to the champion (s) heading into the match P -- indicates the match took place on the pre-show Title: WWE Day of Reckoning Passage: WWE Day of Reckoning is a professional wrestling video game released for the Nintendo GameCube console in 2004. The game is based on World Wrestling Entertainment and many of the wrestlers who were on the WWE roster at the time of release were included as player characters. The game also features the option to create wrestlers. Title: Royal Rumble (2018) Passage: Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first - ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay - per - view, and the first to main event one of WWE's ``Big Four ''pay - per - views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise appearance of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had signed full - time with WWE. Title: WrestleMania 34 Passage: WrestleMania 34 was the thirty - fourth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay - per - view event and WWE Network event produced by WWE for their Raw and SmackDown brands. It took place on April 8, 2018, at the Mercedes - Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. Title: Money in the Bank (2014) Passage: Eight matches took place at the event, with no match aired on the pre-show. The titular ladder match for the Money in the Bank contract was won by Seth Rollins. The main event was a ladder match for the vacant WWE World Heavyweight Championship, which was won by John Cena. The event received 122,000 buys (excluding WWE Network views), down from the previous year's 199,000 buys. Title: The Hardy Boyz Passage: The Hardy Boyz, often referred to simply as The Hardys, are a professional wrestling tag team consisting of real - life brothers Jeff and Matt Hardy who are currently signed to WWE. They first began teaming together in 1993 in independent promotions in North Carolina, winning the NWA 2000 Tag Team Championship in NWA 2000 and founded the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts, where they held the OMEGA Tag Team Championship. They both signed contracts with the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in 1998. In 2000, they were joined by Lita, and the trio became Team Xtreme. Title: List of current champions in WWE Passage: At the top of WWE's championship hierarchy are the WWE Championship on SmackDown and the WWE Universal Championship on Raw. The current WWE Champion is Jinder Mahal, who is in his first reign. He won the title at Backlash by defeating Randy Orton. The current WWE Universal Champion is Brock Lesnar, who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating Goldberg at WrestleMania 33. Title: WWE Books Passage: WWE Books is a subsidiary of World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc., created in 2002 to publish autobiographies of and fiction based on WWE personalities, behind-the-scenes guides to WWE, illustrated books, calendars, young adult books, and other general nonfiction books. The majority of WWE Books are published by Pocket Books, part of the Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group. Simon & Schuster UK and Simon & Schuster Australia are the publishers of WWE books in the United Kingdom and Australia. Simon & Schuster publish multiple titles yearly, based on the personalities, programming, storylines, and other topics of interest to WWE and its fans. Title: Elimination Chamber (2018) Passage: Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first - ever seven - man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first - ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak and to keep Jax from being added to her WrestleMania 34 championship match. The event was also notable for Ronda Rousey signing her Raw contract, where she had a confrontation with Chief Operating Officer Triple H and Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon, which was the former's first appearance since the night after Survivor Series. Title: Roman Reigns Passage: Anoaʻi then pursued a career in professional wrestling and was signed by WWE in 2010, reporting to their developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW). As Roman Reigns, he made his main roster debut in November 2012 alongside Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins as The Shield. The trio teamed together until June 2014, after which Reigns entered singles competition. Reigns is a three - time WWE World Heavyweight Champion, a one - time United States Champion, a one - time WWE Tag Team Champion (with Rollins), the 2015 Royal Rumble winner and the 2014 Superstar of the Year. He also tied the WWE record for most eliminations in a Survivor Series elimination match with four in the 2013 event and set the record for most eliminations in a Royal Rumble match with 12 in the 2014 event. Title: Royal Rumble (2015) Passage: Six matches were contested at the event, with one being shown on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the traditional Royal Rumble match to receive a shot for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania 31. Elsewhere on the event's card, The Usos defeated The Miz and Damien Mizdow to retain the WWE Tag Team Championship, while the WWE World Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar successfully defended his title against Seth Rollins and John Cena in a triple threat match. Title: Michael Tarver Passage: Tyrone Evans (born March 8, 1977) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his time with WWE as Michael Tarver. He appeared on the first season of "WWE NXT" and later debuted as a member of the faction The Nexus. After he left WWE in 2011 he wrestled for the National Wrestling Alliance and made a few appearances for New Japan Pro-Wrestling and Chikara. Title: Money in the Bank ladder match Passage: The first match was contested in 2005 at WrestleMania 21, after being invented (in kayfabe) by Chris Jericho. At the time, it was exclusive to wrestlers of the Raw brand, and Edge won the inaugural match. From then until 2010, the Money in the Bank ladder match, now open to all WWE brands, became a WrestleMania mainstay. 2010 saw a second and third Money in the Bank ladder match when the Money in the Bank pay - per - view debuted in July. Unlike the matches at WrestleMania, this new event featured two such ladder matches -- one each for a contract for the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship, respectively. Title: WWE NXT Passage: WWE NXT Genre Professional wrestling Sports entertainment Created by Vince McMahon Paul ``Triple H ''Levesque Starring NXT roster Opening theme`` Resistance'' by Powerflo ``Rage ''by CFO $(Bumper) Country of origin United States No. of seasons 11 No. of episodes 474 (as of October 24, 2018 (2018 - 10 - 24)) Production Camera setup Multicamera setup Running time 50 - 51 minutes 120 minutes (TakeOver specials) Release Original network Syfy (2010 (2010)) WWE.com (2010 (2010) -- 2012 (2012)) WWE Network (2014 (2014) -- present) Picture format 480i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) Original release February 23, 2010 (2010 - 02 - 23) -- present Chronology Preceded by ECW (2006 -- 2010) Related shows WWE Raw WWE SmackDown WWE 205 Live WWE Main Event NXT UK External links Website Title: List of current champions in WWE Passage: The WWE Raw Tag Team Championship is currently held by Cesaro and Sheamus, who are in their record - tying third reign as a team; individually, the third reign for Sheamus and the record - tying fourth reign for Cesaro. They won the titles by defeating Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins on the November 6, 2017, edition of Raw. The WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship is held by record three - time champions The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso). They won the titles by defeating Big E and Xavier Woods of The New Day in a Hell in a Cell match at Hell in a Cell. Title: Money in the Bank (2017) Passage: No. Results Stipulations Times The Hype Bros (Mojo Rawley and Zack Ryder) defeated The Colóns (Epico Colón and Primo Colón) Tag team match 8: 30 Carmella (with James Ellsworth) defeated Becky Lynch, Charlotte Flair, Natalya and Tamina Money in the Bank ladder match for a WWE SmackDown Women's Championship contract 13: 20 The New Day (Big E and Kofi Kingston) (with Xavier Woods) defeated The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) (c) by countout Tag team match for the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship 12: 00 Naomi (c) defeated Lana by submission Singles match for the WWE SmackDown Women's Championship 7: 30 5 Jinder Mahal (c) (with The Singh Brothers) defeated Randy Orton Singles match for the WWE Championship 20: 50 6 Breezango (Fandango and Tyler Breeze) defeated The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) Tag team match 3: 50 7 Baron Corbin defeated AJ Styles, Dolph Ziggler, Kevin Owens, Sami Zayn and Shinsuke Nakamura Money in the Bank ladder match for a WWE Championship contract 29: 45 (c) -- refers to the champion (s) heading into the match P -- indicates the match took place on the pre-show Title: List of current champions in WWE Passage: Championship Current champion (s) Reign Date won Days held Location Notes WWE Universal Championship Brock Lesnar April 2, 2017 390 Orlando, Florida Defeated Goldberg at WrestleMania 33 WWE Raw Women's Championship Nia Jax April 8, 2018 19 New Orleans, Louisiana Defeated Alexa Bliss at WrestleMania 34 WWE Intercontinental Championship Seth Rollins April 8, 2018 19 New Orleans, Louisiana Defeated previous champion The Miz and Finn Bálor in a triple threat match at WrestleMania 34 WWE Cruiserweight Championship Cedric Alexander April 8, 2018 19 New Orleans, Louisiana Defeated Mustafa Ali for the vacant title in the finals of a 16 - man tournament on the WrestleMania 34 pre-show WWE Raw Tag Team Championship Bray Wyatt and Matt Hardy 1, (1, 3) April 27, 2018 0 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Won the vacant titles by defeating Cesaro and Sheamus at the Greatest Royal Rumble Title: Money in the Bank ladder match Passage: The 2018 Money in the Bank pay - per - view took place on June 17, 2018, at the Allstate Arena in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont, Illinois. For the first time since 2011, the event was dual - branded, involving both the Raw and SmackDown brands. The event included one male match and one female match. The contracts granted the winners a match for the world championship of their respective brand. The men's contract granted the winner a match for either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship, while the women's contract granted the winner a Raw Women's Championship or SmackDown Women's Championship match.	[ "Elimination Chamber (2018)", "Roman Reigns" ]
Who is the mother of the leader under which the empire that laid the foundation for the modern minting of coins, reached its greatest extent?	Marcia	[]	Title: Dollar coin (United States) Passage: The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the third largest American coin currently minted in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color. Title: Morgan dollar Passage: The Morgan dollar was a United States dollar coin minted from 1878 to 1904, and again in 1921. It was the first standard silver dollar minted since production of the previous design, the Seated Liberty dollar, ceased due to the passage of the Coinage Act of 1873, which also ended the free coining of silver. The coin is named after its designer, United States Mint Assistant Engraver George T. Morgan. The obverse depicts a profile portrait representing Liberty, while the reverse depicts an eagle with wings outstretched. Title: Mint (facility) Passage: At about the same time, coins and mints appeared independently in China and spread to Korea and Japan. The manufacture of coins in the Roman Empire, dating from about the 4th century BC, significantly influenced later development of coin minting in Europe. Title: Dollar coin (United States) Passage: The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the second largest American coin currently minted for circulation in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color. Title: Middle Ages Passage: The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From these areas, the denier or penny spread throughout Europe during the centuries from 700 to 1000. Copper or bronze coins were not struck, nor were gold except in Southern Europe. No silver coins denominated in multiple units were minted. Title: United States dollar Passage: In February 2007, the U.S. Mint, under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, introduced a new $1 U.S. Presidential dollar coin. Based on the success of the "50 State Quarters" series, the new coin features a sequence of presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side. The reverse side features the Statue of Liberty. To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of "E Pluribus Unum", "In God We Trust", the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the British £1 coin, is not usually associated with U.S. coin designs. The inscription "Liberty" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a sufficient replacement. In addition, due to the nature of U.S. coins, this will be the first time there will be circulating U.S. coins of different denominations with the same president featured on the obverse (heads) side (Lincoln/penny, Jefferson/nickel, Franklin D. Roosevelt/dime, Washington/quarter, Kennedy/half dollar, and Eisenhower/dollar). Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only U.S. President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms. Title: Ten pence (British coin) Passage: The ten pence coin was originally minted from cupro - nickel (75% Cu, 25% Ni), but since 2012 it has been minted in nickel - plated steel due to the increasing price of metal. From January 2013 the Royal Mint began a programme to gradually remove the previous cupro - nickel coins from circulation with replacement by the nickel - plated steel versions. Title: Helmar Lerski Passage: Helmar Lerski (18 February 1871, Strasbourg - 19 September 1956, Zürich) was a photographer who laid some of the important foundations of modern photography. His works are on display in the USA, Germany, Israel and Switzerland. He focused mainly on portraits and the technique of photography with mirrors. Title: United States dollar Passage: Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. Title: Dime (United States coin) Passage: The Coinage Act of 1792, passed on April 2, 1792, authorized the mintage of a "disme", one-tenth the silver weight and value of a dollar. The composition of the disme was set at 89.24% silver and 10.76% copper. In 1792, a limited number of dismes were minted but never circulated. Some of these were struck in copper, indicating that the 1792 dismes were in fact pattern coins. The first dimes minted for circulation did not appear until 1796, due to a lack of demand for the coin and production problems at the United States Mint. Title: Roman Empire Passage: The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. Title: Australian one-cent coin Passage: The first issue (1966) was produced by three mints: 146.5 million were minted at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra, with 239 million at the Melbourne Mint and 26.6 million at the Perth Mint. With the exception of 1966 and 1981, all other one - cent coins have been produced at the Canberra mint. In 1981, 40.3 million were struck at the British Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales, as well as 183.6 million in Canberra. The only year when it was not minted during its years in general circulation was 1986. It was last minted in 1990. Title: United States Bicentennial coinage Passage: The United States Bicentennial coinage was a set of circulating commemorative coins, consisting of a quarter, half dollar and dollar struck by the United States Mint in 1975 and 1976. Regardless of when struck, each coin bears the double date 1776 -- 1976 on the normal obverses for the Washington quarter, Kennedy half dollar and Eisenhower dollar. No coins dated 1975 of any of the three denominations were minted. Title: Royal Mint Passage: Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing the full minting process. Upon completion the final cost for the land, buildings and plant came to £8 million. Coin minting and production gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years until the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975. In an attempt to consolidate all previous coin - related acts, the Coinage Act of 1971 was passed, which among other things effectively abolished the individual role of Master of the Mint. Under this act, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took over the role, with a Deputy Master being appointed by the Treasury to exercise all the powers and duties of the Master within the mint. Title: United States Mint coin sets Passage: All releases from 1936 to 1972 included the cent, nickel, dime, quarter, and half dollar from that year. The first proof sets through 1964 were minted at the Philadelphia Mint. There were two official releases in 1942: one regular five coin set and a set including a silver wartime nickel. United States currency was debased beginning in 1965, but the sets continued under the name United States Mint Proof Set. Production was moved to the San Francisco branch in 1968, and all subsequent issues bear coins with an ``S ''mint mark. In 1973, the Eisenhower dollar was added to the collection. Sets from 1975 will have a dual - date 1776 - 1976 quarter, half - dollar, and dollar as none of those coins were ever produced with a 1975 date. The Susan B. Anthony dollar replaced the Eisenhower in 1979. The 1981 mint sets were the only method of obtaining a Susan B. from that year, though many have slipped into circulation. With the cease in minting of dollar coins, the regular issue Proof Set for 1982 included a brass token. From 1983 until 1998, the annual United States Proof set resumed to only issuing the penny, nickel, dime, quarter, and half - dollar. Title: Han dynasty Passage: In 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The wuzhu became China's standard coin until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). Its use was interrupted briefly by several new currencies introduced during Wang Mang's regime until it was reinstated in 40 AD by Emperor Guangwu. Title: Indian 10-rupee coin Passage: The Indian 10 - rupee coin (₹10) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. The ₹10 coin is the highest - denomination coin minted in India since its introduction in 2005. The present ₹10 coin in circulation is from the 2011 design. However, the previous ₹10 coins minted before 2011 are also legal tender in India. All ₹10 coins containing the rupee sign or without the rupee sign are legal tender, as stated by the Reserve Bank of India. Title: Trajan Passage: Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. Title: History of India Passage: The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west, it reached beyond modern Pakistan, to the Hindu Kush mountains in what is now Afghanistan. The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha (in modern Bihar) when he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty. Chandragupta's son Bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 BC. By the time he died in c. 272 BC, a large part of the subcontinent was under Mauryan suzerainty. However, the region of Kalinga (around modern day Odisha) remained outside Mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south. Title: Indian Head cent Passage: The Indian Head cent, also known as an Indian Head penny, was a one - cent coin ($0.01) produced by the United States Bureau of the Mint from 1859 to 1909. It was designed by James Barton Longacre, the Chief Engraver at the Philadelphia Mint.	[ "Mint (facility)", "Roman Empire", "Trajan" ]
How many Smithsonian Museums are in the city where the performer of soul people died?	Seventeen	[]	Title: Star-Spangled Banner (flag) Passage: The flag that flew during that episode in history became a significant artifact. It remained in the possession of Major Armistead, who was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel, and his family for many years. Eben Appleton, Colonel Armistead's grandson, inherited the flag in 1878. In 1907, he lent it to the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1912 it was made a formal gift. Today it is permanently housed in the National Museum of American History, one of the Smithsonian Institution museums on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The flag was given to the museum in 1912, and has undergone multiple restoration efforts after being originally restored by Amelia Fowler in 1914. Title: Helena M. Weiss Passage: Helena May Weiss (February 6, 1909 – January 21, 2004) was an American museum administrator and registrar. She was one of the first women managers at the Smithsonian Institution and was involved in the acquisition of the Hope Diamond and the Wright Flyer. Title: Josip Broz Tito Passage: Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called "Museum 25 May" and "Museum of the Revolution"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to "better times". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death. Title: George Switzer (mineralogist) Passage: George Shirley Switzer (June 11, 1915 – March 23, 2008) was an American mineralogist who is credited with starting the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring the Hope Diamond for the museum in 1958. Switzer made the arrangements when renowned New York City jeweler Harry Winston decided to donate the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian. Title: The Iron Mine, Port Henry, New York Passage: The Iron Mine, Port Henry, New York (c. 1862) is a painting by Homer Dodge Martin in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and measures 30 1/8 x 50 in. (76.5 x 127.0 cm.). Title: Museum of Appalachia Passage: The Museum of Appalachia, located in Norris, Tennessee, north of Knoxville, is a living history museum that interprets the pioneer and early 20th-century period of the Southern Appalachian region of the United States. Recently named an Affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, the museum is a collection of more than 30 historic buildings rescued from neglect and decay and gathered onto of picturesque pastures and fields. The museum also preserves and displays thousands of authentic relics, maintains one of the nation's largest folk art collections, and hosts performances of traditional Appalachian music and annual demonstrations by hundreds of regional craftsmen. Title: Lambung Mangkurat Museum Passage: Lambung Mangkurat Museum is a museum in Jalan Ahmad Yani 36, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The museum has a notable collection of artifacts related to the Banjar and Dayak peoples, with many items being excavated from archaeological sites all around Kalimantan. It is also home to an array of ancient Hindu objects. Title: The Flight of Europa Passage: The Flight of Europa is a bronze Art Deco sculpture created by American artist Paul Manship in 1925. Copies are held by the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, The Columbus Museum, Columbus, Georgia, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. It depicts the Greek myth of Europa being abducted by Zeus in the form of a bull. Title: National Postal Museum Passage: The National Postal Museum, located opposite Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States, was established through joint agreement between the United States Postal Service and the Smithsonian Institution and opened in 1993. Title: Vicki Funk Passage: Vicki Ann Funk (born 1947) is a Senior Research Botanist and Curator at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. She is known for her work on members of the composite family (Asteraceae) including collecting plants in many parts of the world, as well as her synthetic work on phylogenetics and biogeography. Title: Arthur Okamura Passage: Arthur Okamura (February 24, 1932 - July 10, 2009) was an American artist, working in screen printing, drawing and painting. He lived in the San Francisco Bay Area, and was Professor Emeritus at the California College of the Arts in San Francisco, California. His work is in the permanent collections at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the Whitney Museum in New York, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. He is associated with the San Francisco Renaissance. He illustrated numerous works of literature and poetry, published a book on games and toys for children, and created illustrations for the TV movie "The People". Title: Soul People Passage: Soul People is an album by American saxophonists Sonny Stitt and Booker Ervin, and organist Don Patterson. Just like his previous "Soul Shack", "Soul People" features heavily blues-drenched jazz. The original album was recorded in 1964 and issued by Prestige in early 1965. In 1993, it was reissued on CD by Prestige, featuring three additional tracks. Title: Anastase Alfieri Passage: Anastase Alfieri (March 23, 1892 Alexandria – 1971 Cairo) was an Italian entomologist who worked principally on Coleoptera but, also, with Hermann Preisner, on Heteroptera. Most of his work was on the fauna of Egypt. His collection is shared between the natural history museum in Tutzing and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. (Smithsonian). Title: Jose de Creeft Passage: José Mariano de Creeft (November 27, 1884 - September 11, 1982) was a Spanish-born American artist, sculptor, and teacher known for modern sculpture in stone, metal, and wood, particularly figural works of women. His 16 ft bronze "Alice In Wonderland" climbing sculpture in Central Park is well known to both adults and children in New York City. He was an early adopter, and prominent exponent of the direct carving approach to sculpture. He also developed the technique of lead chasing, and was among the very first to create modern sculpture from found objects. He taught at Black Mountain College, the Art Students League of New York, and the New School for Social Research. His works are in the Whitney Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and many other public and private collections. Title: Martin E. Sullivan Passage: Martin E. Sullivan (February 9, 1944 – February 25, 2014) was a museum director, and served as Director of the United States National Portrait Gallery, administered by the Smithsonian Institution, from 2008-12. Title: Horace Parlan Passage: Between 1952 and 1957, he worked in Washington DC with Sonny Stitt, then spent two years with Mingus' Jazz Workshop. In 1973, Parlan moved to Copenhagen, Denmark. He later settled in the small village of Rude in southern Zealand. In 1974 he completed a State Department tour of Africa with Hal Singer. Title: Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian Passage: Larry Daley, former night guard at the American Museum of Natural History, now runs his own direct response television company that sells inventions based on his experiences. He returns to the museum, discovering most of the exhibits will be moved to the Federal Archives at the Smithsonian Institution and replaced with holographic information providers. The Tablet of Akmenrah is to remain in the museum, leaving most of the exhibits without the ability to come to life at night. After the exhibits are moved, Larry receives a phone call from the cowboy Jedediah that Dexter the monkey stole the Tablet and took it to the Smithsonian, bringing every exhibit in it to life. Larry travels to Washington, DC, navigating his way to the archives with help from his son Nick while posing as a night guard. Title: Genius Loves Company Passage: Genius Loves Company is the final studio album by rhythm and blues and soul musician Ray Charles, posthumously released August 31, 2004, on Concord Records. Recording sessions for the album took place between June 2003 and March 2004. The album consists of rhythm and blues, soul, country, blues, jazz and pop standards performed by Charles and several guest musicians, such as Natalie Cole, Elton John, James Taylor, Norah Jones, B.B. King, Gladys Knight, Diana Krall, Van Morrison, Willie Nelson and Bonnie Raitt. "Genius Loves Company" was the last album recorded and completed by Charles before his death in June 2004. Title: National Museum of Natural History Passage: The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees. Title: List of Smithsonian museums Passage: The Smithsonian museums are the most widely visible part of the United States' Smithsonian Institution and consist of nineteen museums and galleries as well as the National Zoological Park. Seventeen of these collections are located in Washington D.C., with eleven of those located on the National Mall. The remaining ones are in New York City and Chantilly, Virginia. As of 2010, one museum, the Arts and Industries Building, is closed in preparation for a substantial renovation, and its newest museum building, the National Museum of African American History and Culture, opened in 2016.	[ "Horace Parlan", "List of Smithsonian museums", "Soul People" ]
To which mountain group does the group Schwalmis is part of belong?	Western Alps	[]	Title: Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) Passage: ``Daybreak ''is the three - part series finale of the reimagined science fiction television series Battlestar Galactica, and are the 74th (labeled`` Daybreak, Part 1'' on the DVD) and 75th (labeled ``Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3 ''on the DVD) episodes overall. The episodes aired on the U.S. Sci Fi Channel and SPACE in Canada respectively on March 13 and March 20, 2009. The second part (`` Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3'') is double - length. The episodes were written by Ronald D. Moore, and directed by Michael Rymer. The Season 4.5 DVD and Blu - ray releases for Region 1 feature an extended version of the finale, which not only combines all three parts as a single episode, but also integrates it with new scenes not seen in the aired version of either part. The survivor count shown in the title sequence for Part 1 is 39,516. The survivor count shown in the title sequence for Part 2 is 39,406. At the end of Part 2, Admiral Adama announces the survivor population at approximately 38,000. Title: Schwalmis Passage: The Schwalmis is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland. Its summit lies on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri. Title: Heungdeok-gu Passage: Heungdeok-gu is a non-autonomous district in the City of Cheongju in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Heungdeok-gu was re-established from a part of Heungdeok-gu and a part of Cheongwon-gun in July 2014. The newly created Seowon-gu annexed the part of Heungdeok-gu. Title: Arizona's 5th congressional district Passage: Representative Party Years Congress (es) Electoral history Description and Counties James F. McNulty, Jr. Democratic January 3, 1983 -- January 3, 1985 98 Lost re-election Southeast Arizona, including parts of Tucson: Cochise, Greenlee, Graham (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part), Santa Cruz (part) Jim Kolbe Republican January 3, 1985 -- January 3, 1993 99 100 101 102 Redistricted to the 8th district January 3, 1993 -- January 3, 2003 103 104 105 106 107 Southeast Arizona, including parts of Tucson: Cochise, Graham (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part) J.D. Hayworth Republican January 3, 2003 -- January 3, 2007 108 109 Redistricted from the 6th district Lost re-election Maricopa (part): Parts of Metro Phoenix Harry Mitchell Democratic January 3, 2007 -- January 3, 2011 110 111 Lost re-election David Schweikert Republican January 3, 2011 -- January 3, 2013 112 Redistricted to the 6th district Matt Salmon Republican January 3, 2013 -- January 3, 2017 113 114 First elected in 2012 Maricopa (part): Southeastern parts of Metro Phoenix Andy Biggs Republican January 3, 2017 -- 115 First elected in 2016 Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future's success led to two film sequels: Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III. Title: Alsace Passage: The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. Title: Montgomery, Vermont Passage: Montgomery is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 1,201, up from 992 in 2000. In 1963, part of Avery's Gore in Franklin County became part of Montgomery, with the other section becoming part of Belvidere in Lamoille County. Title: Clemson, South Carolina Passage: Clemson is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area. Most of the city is in Pickens County, which is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area. A small portion is in Anderson County, which is part of the Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Pingla (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Passage: Pingla (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 32 Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency). It was earlier part of Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency). Title: I Am Anne Frank (American Horror Story) Passage: "I Am Anne Frank" is a two-part episode, consisting of the fourth and fifth episodes of the of the FX anthology television series "American Horror Story". The first part aired on November 7, 2012, and the second aired on November 14, 2012. The first part is written by Jessica Sharzer and directed by Michael Uppendahl, and the second part is written by Brad Falchuk and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon. Both episodes are rated TV-MA (LSV). Title: Medicare (United States) Passage: Medicare is further divided into parts A and B -- Medicare Part A covers hospital (inpatient, formally admitted only), skilled nursing (only after being formally admitted for three days and not for custodial care), and hospice services; Part B covers outpatient services including some providers services while inpatient at a hospital. Part D covers self - administered prescription drugs. Part C is an alternative called Managed Medicare by the Trustees that allows patients to choose plans with at least the same benefits as Parts A and B (but most often more), often the benefits of Part D, and always an annual out of pocket spend limit which A and B lack; the beneficiary must enroll in Parts A and B first before signing up for Part C. Title: Uri Alps Passage: The Uri Alps (also known as "Urner Alps", ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss). Title: Wadera (woreda) Passage: Wadera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Adolana Wadera woreda. It is part of the Guji Zone. The largest town is Wadera. Title: Stord (island) Passage: Stord is an island in Hordaland county, Norway. Located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland, the island is part of the municipalities of Stord (southern part) and Fitjar (northern part). The largest settlements on the island are the town of Leirvik (granted town status in 1997) and the villages of Sagvåg and Fitjar. Title: ISO 3166-2:PE Passage: Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is PE, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Peru. The second part is three letters. Title: Canon de 16 Gribeauval Passage: The Canon de 16 Gribeauval was a French cannon and part of the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. It was part of the siege artillery. Title: Gasera (woreda) Passage: Gasera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Gaserana Gololcha woreda. It is part of the Bale Zone. The administrative center for the woreda is Gasera. Title: Chora Botor Passage: Chora Botor is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of Limmu Kosa woreda. It is part of the Jimma Zone. Title: Jinonice Passage: Jinonice is a district of Prague, mostly part of Prague 5, but a small area is part of Prague 13. It is located on the north edge of Prokopské údolí national park. Jinonice has been a part of Prague city since 1922. Title: Avren, Varna Province Passage: Avren (, pronounced ) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Avren Municipality in the eastern part of Varna Province.	[ "Uri Alps", "Schwalmis" ]
In what year was a project to connect the continent on which Cesar Boutteville was born and rural Alaska announced?	2011	[]	Title: Bering Sea Passage: The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean. Title: Bering Sea Passage: The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over 2,000,000 square kilometers (770,000 sq mi) and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean. Title: Hanoi Passage: Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam). Title: Alaska Passage: With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building. Title: Chase, Alaska Passage: Chase is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 34 at the 2010 census, down from 41 in 2000. Title: César Boutteville Passage: The son of a French father and a Vietnamese mother, Cesar Boutteville was born in Thin-Hao (or Thịnh Hào), nowadays part of Hanoi's urban district Dong Da. He moved with his family to France in 1929. Title: Alaska Passage: Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system. Title: Gravina Island Bridge Passage: The Gravina Island Bridge, commonly referred to as the "Bridge to Nowhere", was a proposed bridge to replace the ferry that currently connects the town of Ketchikan, Alaska, United States, with Gravina Island, an island that contains the Ketchikan International Airport as well as 50 residents. The bridge was projected to cost $398 million. Members of the Alaskan congressional delegation, particularly Representative Don Young and Senator Ted Stevens, were the bridge's biggest advocates in Congress, and helped push for federal funding. The project encountered fierce opposition outside Alaska as a symbol of pork barrel spending and is labeled as one of the more prominent "bridges to nowhere". As a result, Congress removed the federal earmark for the bridge in 2005. Title: Outercurve Foundation Passage: The Outercurve Foundation is an independent 501(c)(6) non-profit corporation founded by Microsoft. Its goal is to "enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities." They run several software projects, some of which are connected to the .NET Framework. Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. Title: American Summit Passage: American Summit, as the lowest point in the mountains separating the two locations, was a natural site for the road, which was completed by 1901. To supply even faster communications, the U.S. military began the construction of Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System, of which Eagle would be the northernmost point. Telegraph lines were strung over American Summit in 1902, and an undersea cable connected Valdez to Seattle in 1904. After 1909, when a radio link was established, the telegraph line was abandoned. The road remained and was improved so that by the 1920s, the first automobiles climbed American Summit. In World War II, construction of the Alaska Highway also spurred work on that highway's side roads, and a project to improve the trail was begun in 1945. By 1953, the result was the Taylor Highway, a seasonal route that still connects Eagle to the outside world over American Summit. Title: Marsupial Passage: Marsupials represent the clade originating from the last common ancestor of extant metatherians. Like other mammals in the Metatheria, they give birth to relatively undeveloped young that often reside in a pouch located on their mothers’ abdomen for a certain amount of time. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur on the Australian continent (the mainland, Tasmania, New Guinea and nearby islands). The remaining 100 are found in the Americas — primarily in South America, but thirteen in Central America, and one in North America, north of Mexico. Title: Flight Alaska Passage: Flight Alaska (d/b/a Yute Air) was an American airline based in Bethel, Alaska, USA. It operated scheduled services to over 22 villages in Alaska and also provided charter services throughout Alaska. Its main base was Bethel Airport. The air carrier announced abruptly that it was ceasing operations on March 5, 2017, effective immediately, with Ravn Alaska purchasing the tangible owned assets of Yute Air and replacing Yute Air on its former routes. Title: Winter Garden Atrium Passage: The Winter Garden Atrium, along with the rest of the Brookfield Place (formerly World Financial Center), was designed by architect César Pelli in 1985. Completed in 1988 at a cost of $60 million, the Atrium was originally connected to the World Trade Center via a pedestrian bridge that spanned West Street. Title: Alaska Passage: Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California. Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d). Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate. Title: Alaska Passage: Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed] Title: Somalis Passage: Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman. Title: Flagstaff Hill (Alaska) Passage: Flagstaff Hill is a hill on Unga Island, Alaska, United States. Its name comes from the fact that there was a flagpole on the hill. The name may also be connected to the nearby Flagstaff Mine. Title: Maryland Residence Passage: The Maryland Residence is a private home in Bethesda, Maryland, United States, designed by César Pelli. Completed in 1989, it is one of the few houses by an architect known mainly for his large commercial projects. It takes the form of five small pavilions centrally connected. Pelli has described it as a complex.	[ "Alaska", "Hanoi", "César Boutteville" ]
When did the country where the Krashovans are located join the allies in WW2?	23 August 1944	[]	Title: Babase Island Passage: Babase Island is an island of the Feni Islands in Papua New Guinea, located east of New Ireland. It consists of a stratovolcano and a lava dome, joined by an isthmus. Title: Juno Beach Centre Passage: The Juno Beach Centre or, in French, Centre Juno Beach, is a museum located in Courseulles-sur-Mer in the Calvados region of Normandy, France. It is situated immediately behind the beach codenamed Juno, the section of the Allied beachhead on which 14,000 Canadian troops landed on D-Day 6 June 1944. Title: France in the American Revolutionary War Passage: France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783) in 1778, declared war on Great Britain, and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic. French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres. Title: Northern Seven Years' War Passage: Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America. Title: Constantin Sănătescu Passage: Constantin Sănătescu (14 January 1885, Craiova – 8 November 1947, Bucharest) was a Romanian statesman who served as the 44th Prime Minister of Romania after the 23 August 1944 coup, through which Romania left the Axis Powers and joined the Allies. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941. Title: Allies of World War II Passage: At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941. Title: Military history of the United States Passage: The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes. Title: North African campaign Passage: Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Title: Bushfield, Victoria Passage: Bushfield is a town in Australia. The town is located north of Warrnambool, Victoria. It is joined with the nearby Woodford to make Woodford-Bushfield. Title: Günter Luther Passage: Günter Luther (17 March 1922 – 31 May 1997) was a German admiral who became Inspector of the Navy and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe for NATO. During World War II, he served as a military pilot in the Kriegsmarine and a paratrooper in the Luftwaffe. After the war, he joined the newly founded West German "Bundesmarine" in 1956. Title: History of the United Nations Passage: At the Yalta Conference it was agreed that membership would be open to nations that had joined the Allies by 1 March 1945. Brazil, Syria and a number of other countries qualified for membership by declarations of war on either Germany or Japan in the first three months of 1945 -- in some cases retroactively. Title: Mattawamkeag, Maine Passage: Mattawamkeag is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States, located where the Mattawamkeag River joins the Penobscot River. The population was 687 at the 2010 census. Title: Romania in World War II Passage: On 23 August 1944, with the Red Army penetrating German defenses during the Jassy -- Kishinev Offensive, King Michael I of Romania led a successful coup against the Axis with support from opposition politicians and most of the army. Michael I, who was initially considered to be not much more than a figurehead, was able to successfully depose the Antonescu dictatorship. The King then offered a non-confrontational retreat to German ambassador Manfred von Killinger. But the Germans considered the coup ``reversible ''and attempted to turn the situation around by military force. The Romanian First, Second (forming), and what little was left of the Third and the Fourth Armies (one corps) were under orders from the King to defend Romania against any German attacks. King Michael offered to put the Romanian Army, which at that point had a strength of nearly 1,000,000 men, on the side of the Allies. Surprisingly, with the Red Army occupying parts of Romania, Stalin immediately recognized the king and the restoration of the conservative Romanian monarchy. (Deutscher, Stalin. 1967, p. 519) Title: American Revolutionary War Passage: Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences; France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a ``Southern strategy ''led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco - American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Title: Slavs Passage: ^9 Sub-groups of Croats include Bunjevci (in Bačka), Šokci (in Slavonia and Vojvodina), Janjevci (in Kosovo), Burgenland Croats (in Austria), Bosniaks (in Hungary), Molise Croats (in Italy), Krashovans (in Romania), Moravian Croats (in the Czech Republic) Title: World War II Passage: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Title: Giorgi Chanturia Passage: In the 1990 elections the umbrella Round Table-Free Georgia bloc led by Gamsakhurdia and Chanturia won 54% of the vote. In April 1991, Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union. Soon Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of Georgia. However, Gamsakhurdia’s move towards authoritarianism made many of his former allies, including Chanturia, to join the opposition. Title: Treaty of Versailles Passage: Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany Cover of the English version Signed 28 June 1919 Location Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, Paris, France Effective 10 January 1920 Condition Ratification by Germany and three Principal Allied Powers. Signatories Central Powers Germany Allied Powers United States British Empire France Italy Japan Others (show) Belgium Bolivia Brazil China Cuba Ecuador Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Liberia Nicaragua Panama Peru Poland Portugal Romania The Serb - Croat - Slovene State Siam Czechoslovakia Uruguay Depositary French Government Languages French and English Treaty of Versailles at Wikisource Title: Armistice of Cassibile Passage: The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies.	[ "Slavs", "Romania in World War II" ]
Who is the coach of the biggest university campus in the U.S.?	Scott Frost	[]	Title: Irwin Belk Complex Passage: The Irwin Belk Complex is a multi-use 4,500 seat stadium on the campus of Johnson C. Smith University (JCSU) in Biddleville, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. The stadium plays host to JCSU events. Title: List of United States public university campuses by enrollment Passage: Ten largest public university campuses by enrollment during the 2016 -- 17 academic year Ranking University Location Enrollment Reference (s) University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida 64,335 Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 60,435 Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 59,482 Florida International University Miami, Florida 55,111 5 University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 52,367 6 Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 51,869 7 University of Minnesota Minneapolis / Saint Paul, Minnesota 51,580 8 University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 51,331 9 Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 50,344 10 Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 49,695 Title: Scott Frost Passage: Frost did n't take long to turn the Knights around. He won six games in 2016, losing the 2016 Cure Bowl. In 2017, the Knights stormed through the regular season, finishing 12 - 0. It was the school's first - ever undefeated and untied regular season. They won The American championship game at home against Memphis, earning them a berth in the 2018 Peach Bowl -- the school's second - ever appearance in a major bowl. It was announced that Scott Frost will coach in the 2018 Peach Bowl for UCF. Title: Tibbits Hall Passage: Tibbits Hall is a university residence at University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It was opened as an all-female residence in 1970, but became a co-ed residence in 2012 on the UNB Fredericton campus. The house holds many traditions such as the charity drive Pushing Carts to Warm Hearts, Hawaiian Luau Dance in orientation week and the biggest Halloween Social on campus. The mascot of Tibbits Hall is the Tibbits Tornadoes and the house color consists of red and white. Title: Roy Tillotson Passage: Roy Everett Tillotson (April 1, 1891 – August 30, 1962) was an American coach and athletic trainer who coached at Hiram College, Miami University, Franklin College (Indiana) and the University of Toledo. Title: George Washington University residence halls Passage: The George Washington University is one of the largest United States private universities in terms of enrollment. Almost 10,000 undergraduates attend George Washington. GW has residence halls on two of its three campuses. The Foggy Bottom campus is the university's main campus, where most of the residence halls can be found, in an urban setting. Also in Washington's Foxhall neighborhood is the Mount Vernon campus, formerly the Mount Vernon College for Women. The Mount Vernon campus provides a more suburban residential setting. Title: Eagle's Nest Art Colony Passage: The Eagle's Nest Art Colony, the site known in more modern times as the Lorado Taft Field Campus, was founded in 1898 by American sculptor Lorado Taft on the bluffs flanking the east bank of the Rock River, overlooking Oregon, Illinois. The colony was populated by Chicago artists, all members of the Chicago Art Institute or the University of Chicago art department, who gathered in Ogle County to escape the summer heat of Chicago. The colony complex has been used as a field campus for Northern Illinois University since of Lowden State Park were turned over to the university by the state of Illinois. Title: Kelvin Sampson Passage: Kelvin Dale Sampson (born October 5, 1955) is an American basketball coach who is currently the head coach of the Houston Cougars men's basketball team. He was the head coach at Montana Tech from 1981 to 1985, Washington State University from 1987 to 1994, the University of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2006, and Indiana University 2006 to 2008. He has also been an assistant coach for NBA teams including the Milwaukee Bucks and Houston Rockets. Title: Stanford University Passage: Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) natural reserve south of the central campus owned by the university and used by wildlife biologists for research. Title: 1947 NCAA Baseball Tournament Passage: The 1947 NCAA Baseball Tournament was the first NCAA - sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1947 NCAA baseball season, beginning on June 20. The 1947 College World Series was played at Hyames Field on the campus of Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan from June 27 to June 28. The first tournament's champion was California, coached by Clint Evans. Title: Sox Harrison Stadium Passage: Sox Harrison Stadium is a stadium in Edinboro, Pennsylvania, on the campus of Edinboro University of Pennsylvania. It is home to the Edinboro Fighting Scots of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference. The stadium is named for B. Regis "Sox" Harrison, who served as the head football coach at Edinboro from 1926–1938 and 1941-42 before being inducted into the University's Athletic Hall of Fame. The stadium was officially opened in 1965. Title: CJSW-FM Passage: CJSW-FM is a campus radio station, broadcasting at FM, from the University of Calgary, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. CJSW is a member of the National Campus and Community Radio Association and the University of Calgary Tri-Media Alliance in partnership with NUTV (the campus television station) and The Gauntlet (the campus newspaper). CJSW's studios are located in the MacEwen Student Centre on the University of Calgary campus, with its transmitter located at Old Banff Coach Road and 85 Street Southwest. Title: Lane Kiffin Passage: Lane Monte Kiffin (born May 9, 1975) is an American football coach who is currently the head football coach at Florida Atlantic University. Title: University of Jaén Passage: The University of Jaén (UJA or UJAEN) is a public university based in Jaén, Andalucía, Spain. It is a young university established by Law 5 / 1993 of the Andalusian Parliament of July 1, 1993. In addition to the principal campus, Campus Lagunillas, located in Jaén, the university has two satellite campuses in Linares and Úbeda. Currently under construction is the Scientific-Technological Campus in Linares. Title: George Reddy Passage: George Reddy (died 14 April 1972) was a research student in physics at Osmania University, in Hyderabad, India, who was murdered on 14 April 1972 in a student hostel, aged 25. The event led to the formation of the Progressive Democratic Students Union (PDSU), a student body on the campus of the university that took its name from the "PDS" imprint that Reddy had used when publishing pamphlets. Title: Eric Ramsey Passage: Eric Ramsey was a defensive back for Auburn University's football team in the early 1990s who used a tape recorder to secretly record conversations between his football coaches and Booster "Corky" Frost regarding an illicit player payment scheme. Ramsey's allegations also included racist practices at Auburn, including disapproval of inter-racial dating in the community and segregation of black and white players in the resident athletic dorm. After his tapes were revealed, Auburn received strict penalties and probation for the sixth time in the school's history. This scandal prompted Coach Pat Dye's resignation and preceded the hiring of Samford University football coach Terry Bowden. Title: Quartier Concordia Passage: Quartier Concordia is a neighbourhood redevelopment project centred on Concordia University's Sir George Williams campus in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Bordered by Sherbrooke Street, Saint-Mathieu Street, René Lévesque Boulevard and Bishop Street, the district is designed to be a green urban campus that will improve the use and quality of public places and spaces, student life on campus and transportation. Title: Bruce Weber (basketball) Passage: Bruce Brett Weber (born October 19, 1956) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach at Kansas State University. Weber was formerly head coach at Southern Illinois University and the University of Illinois. Title: San Jose CyberRays Passage: San Jose CyberRays was a professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Spartan Stadium on the South Campus of San José State University in San Jose, California. Stars included U.S. National Team star Brandi Chastain, WUSA Goalkeeper of the Year LaKeysia Beene, and leading scorer Julie Murray. Other memorable CyberRays were Brazilians Sissi and Katia, Tisha Venturini (from the U.S. National Team), and "ironwoman" Thori Bryan, who played every minute of the first season. They were coached by Ian Sawyers, who received WUSA Coach of the Year honors in 2001. Title: Eastern Samar State University Passage: The Eastern Samar State University is a state university in the Philippines with main campus located in Borongan, Eastern Samar. It has a satellite campus in Maydolong, Eastern Samar.	[ "List of United States public university campuses by enrollment", "Scott Frost" ]
Interstate 26 begins in what part of the city that WVPB is licensed to broadcast to?	downtown Charleston	[]	Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the 'Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways' in his honor. It was inspired in part by Eisenhower's own Army experiences in World War II, where he recognized the advantages of the autobahn systems in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Commemorative signs reading "Eisenhower Interstate System" and bearing Eisenhower's permanent 5-star rank insignia were introduced in 1993 and are currently displayed throughout the Interstate System. Several highways are also named for him, including the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) near Chicago and the Eisenhower Tunnel on Interstate 70 west of Denver. Title: WBSC (AM) Passage: WBSC (1550 AM) was a commercial radio station licensed to serve the community of Bennettsville, South Carolina. WBSC was last owned and operated by D-Mitch Broadcasting, Inc. The station, established in June 1947, fell silent in October 2011 and had its broadcast license revoked by the Federal Communications Commission in November 2012. Title: WVPB (FM) Passage: WVPB is a Public Radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Charleston, West Virginia, serving West-Central West Virginia. WVPB is owned and operated by West Virginia Educational Broadcasting Authority. Title: WSSW Passage: WSSW (89.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Platteville, Wisconsin, United States. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR) and broadcasts WPR's "NPR News and Classical Network", consisting of classical music and news and talk programming. Title: KDBS Passage: KDBS (1410 AM, ESPN Alexandria) is an American radio station broadcasting a sports talk format. The station is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to serve the community of Alexandria, Louisiana. The station is licensed to and operated by Cenla Broadcasting. KDBS' studios and transmitter are located separately in Alexandria. Title: KLIF-FM Passage: KLIF-FM (93.3 FM, branded as ""Hot 93.3"") is a radio station licensed to serve Haltom City, Texas, United States. The station is owned by Cumulus Media, and the broadcast license is held by Radio License Holding SRC LLC. It broadcasts a CHR music format to the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex in Texas. The station's studios are located in the Victory Park district in Dallas just north of downtown, and the transmitter site is in West Dallas near the I-30/Loop 12 interchange. Title: WYRA Passage: WYRA (98.5 FM) is a broadcast radio station licensed to Confluence, Pennsylvania and serving the Confluence/Uniontown/Somerset area. WYRA is owned and operated by Educational Media Foundation and broadcasts a Christian Worship format as part of the Air 1 network. Title: WSME Passage: WSME (1120 AM) is an Eastern North Carolina radio station broadcasting an oldies format. The station is licensed to the town of Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, serving the Jacksonville area. The station is licensed to B&M Broadcasting LLC. WSME also simulcasts via an FM translator (W246CJ), at 97.1 FM. Title: WANT Passage: WANT is an FM radio station licensed to Lebanon, Tennessee, broadcasting at 98.9 MHz. Most of WANT's broadcast day is simulcast over 1490 AM WCOR, with some exceptions. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Expressway are part of U.S. Highway 17, which travels east-west through the cities of Charleston and Mount Pleasant. The Mark Clark Expressway, or Interstate 526, is the bypass around the city and begins and ends at U.S. Highway 17. U.S. Highway 52 is Meeting Street and its spur is East Bay Street, which becomes Morrison Drive after leaving the east side. This highway merges with King Street in the city's Neck area (industrial district). U.S. Highway 78 is King Street in the downtown area, eventually merging with Meeting Street. Title: WHND Passage: WHND (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Sister Bay, Wisconsin, United States, serving the Door County area. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and broadcasts WPR's "NPR News and Classical Network", consisting of classical music and news and talk programming. Title: KCNW Passage: KCNW (1380 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Fairway, Kansas. The station broadcasts a religious radio format to the Kansas City metropolitan area with a 2,500-watt daytime and 29-watt nighttime signal. KCNW is owned by Wilkins Communication Network and the broadcast license is held by Kansas City Radio, Inc. Title: Interstate Commerce Commission Passage: The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate race discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Congress expanded ICC authority to regulate other modes of commerce beginning in 1906. The agency was abolished in 1995, and its remaining functions were transferred to the Surface Transportation Board. Title: Voice of the Cape Passage: The Voice of the Cape is a Muslim community radio station based in Cape Town, South Africa. The first Muslim radio station in South Africa, the station started broadcasting on a special license in 1995 for the month of Ramadaan. Entirely community-owned and independent, its license is held by the Muslim Broadcasting Corporation. Title: Gun Control Act of 1968 Passage: The Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA or GCA68) is a U.S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and firearms owners. It primarily focuses on regulating interstate commerce in firearms by generally prohibiting interstate firearms transfers except among licensed manufacturers, dealers and importers. Title: KSAO (FM) Passage: KSAO (93.9 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of San Angelo, Texas. The station's broadcast license is held by Houston Christian Broadcasters, Inc. Title: KBCR-FM Passage: KBCR-FM (96.9 FM, "Big Country Radio") is a radio station licensed and broadcasting to Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA. The station broadcasts a country music format and is currently owned by Don Tlapek, through licensee Blizzard Broadcasting LLC. Title: WUEC Passage: WUEC (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR) and broadcasts WPR's "NPR News and Classical Network", consisting of classical music and news and talk programming. WUEC also broadcasts local news and programming from studios in the Wisconsin Public Broadcasting regional center in Eau Claire and studios in the Hibbard Humanities building at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Title: WRQY Passage: WRQY is a broadcast radio station licensed to Moundsville, West Virginia, serving Wheeling in West Virginia and St. Clairsville in Ohio. WRQY is owned and operated by FM Radio Licenses, LLC. Title: WMSG Passage: WMSG is a Classic Hits formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Oakland, Maryland, serving Oakland and Garrett County, Maryland. WMSG is owned and operated by Broadcast Communications II, Inc.	[ "Charleston, South Carolina", "WVPB (FM)" ]
Who raps in Baby by the performer of One Less Lonely Girl?	Ludacris	[]	Title: Blestyashchiye Passage: Blestyashchiye (, lit. " the shining ones") is one of the first and most enduring all-girl singing groups in Russia. Title: Beyoncé Passage: Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, "Crazy in Love", featuring Jay Z, became Beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. The single "Baby Boy" also reached number one, and singles, "Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl", both reached the top-five. The album earned Beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards; Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Dangerously in Love 2", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Crazy in Love", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for "The Closer I Get to You" with Luther Vandross. Title: List of awards and nominations received by Nicki Minaj Passage: Throughout 2011 -- 16, Minaj has been nominated for a total of 10 Grammy Awards. She received her first Grammy nomination in 2011 in the category Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for the single ``My Chick Bad ''with fellow rapper Ludacris at the 53rd ceremony. For the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012, Minaj received nominations for Best New Artist and Best Rap Album for her debut album Pink Friday, and Best Rap Performance for her single`` Moment 4 Life'' featuring Drake. In 2015, Minaj received two nominations at the 57th Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song for her single ``Anaconda ''and Best Pop Duo / Group Performance for her joint single`` Bang Bang'', with Jessie J and Ariana Grande. For the 58th Grammy Awards in 2016, Minaj received three nominations, including Best Rap Album for her third studio album The Pinkprint. Title: Crazy Rap Passage: ``Crazy Rap '', also known as`` Colt 45 and 2 Zig Zags'' or simply ``Colt 45 '', is a dirty rap single recorded by rapper Afroman. It was featured on his third album, Sell Your Dope, and was later included on his greatest hits album, The Good Times. It is often referred to as`` Colt 45'', as the hook states ``Colt 45 and two zig - zags, baby that's all we need ''. The song failed to replicate the success of its predecessor but it nonetheless still charted across Europe, reaching the top 10 in the UK. Title: Carol Toscano Passage: Carol Toscano is an American operatic soprano who appeared frequently with a number of prominent American opera companies from 1962-1972. Afterwards she continued to perform in concerts and operas with less frequency. More recently she has appeared as a concert singer of works from the Great American Songbook. In her early career she won several prominent singing competitions. Title: Let the Heartaches Begin Passage: "Let the Heartaches Begin" is a song performed by British singer Long John Baldry. The single was a number one hit in the UK Singles Chart on 22 November 1967 where it stayed for two weeks. It was the second of two consecutive UK number one hits for the writing partnership of Tony Macaulay and John Macleod, the first being "Baby Now That I've Found You" by The Foundations. Macaulay says of the recording session "Long John Baldry sings it extraordinarily well, thanks to three-quarters of a bottle of Courvoisier". Title: Baby (Justin Bieber song) Passage: The song is predominantly upbeat, featuring Bieber's R&B vocals over a backdrop containing a dance infused beat, full of keyboard and ``disco string ''synths. The song is composed in the key of E ♭ major with Bieber's vocal range spanning from the low - note of G to the high - note of C. According to Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone, the song`` blends winks at Fifties doo - wop with hip - hop chants'', comparing the style and the lyrics ``My first love broke my heart for the first time / And I was like / Baby, baby, baby, ooooh / I thought you'd always be mine ''to fifties ballads like`` Tears on My Pillow'', ``Why Do Fools Fall in Love ''and`` Earth Angel''. Lyrically, Bieber's lines explain his distress over his lost love, and promise to get it back, featured in lines like, ``And I wan na play it cool / But I'm losin 'you... / I'm in pieces / So come and fix me... ''. The chorus features the distinct and repetitive`` baby, baby, baby, ohhhh (nooooo)'' hook. After the second verse, Ludacris comes in with the verse - rap, an anecdote of young love when he was thirteen, as it runs ``When I was 13 / I had my first love / She had me going crazy / Oh, I was star - struck / She woke me up daily / Do n't need no Starbucks... ''. Title: Brasse Vannie Kaap Passage: Brasse Vannie Kaap (BVK) was a hip-hop group that hailed from the Cape Flats in Cape Town, South Africa. They rapped in predominantly in the Cape Flats dialect of Afrikaans. The original line-up included Deon Daniels (Boeta-D), Roger Heunis (Hamma), Ashley Titus (Mr Fat) and Enver Pietersen (DJ E20). Bboys Cheeze, Baby-L and Levi joined the group soon after they started to perform live. Title: The Polar Express (film) Passage: Nona Gaye as the Hero Girl Chantel Valdivieso as the Hero Girl (additional motion - capture) Meagan Moore as the Hero Girl (singing voice) Tinashe as the Hero Girl (motion - capture modeling) Title: Loser (Beck song) Passage: Referred to as a ``stoner rap ''by AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the lyrics are mostly nonsensical. The song's chorus, in which Beck sings the lines`` Soy un perdedor / I'm a loser baby, so why do n't you kill me?'', is often interpreted as a parody of Generation X's ``slacker ''culture. Beck has denied the validity of this meaning, instead saying that the chorus is simply about his lack of skill as a rapper. Jon Pareles wrote in The New York Times that`` The sentiment of 'Loser' (...) reflects the twentysomething trademark, a mixture of self - mockery and sardonic defiance'', noting Beck's ``offhand vocal tone and free - associative lyrics ''and comparing his vocals to`` Bob Dylan talk - singing''. After its recording, Beck thought that the song was interesting but unimpressive. He later said, ``The raps and vocals are all first takes. If I'd known the impact it was going to make, I would have put something a little more substantial in it. ''The relationship between Beck and Stephenson soured after the release of`` Loser'' as a single. Stephenson regretted his involvement in creating the song, in particular the ``negative ''lyrics, saying`` I feel bad about it. It's not Beck the person, it's the words. I just wish I could have been more of a positive influence.'' Title: Beyoncé Passage: At age eight, Beyoncé and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyoncé's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyoncé's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records. Title: One Less Lonely Girl Passage: "One Less Lonely Girl" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. The song was written and produced by Bieber's mentor, Usher, as well as Ezekiel Lewis, Balewa Muhammad of The Clutch, and A-Rex duo Sean Hamilton and Hyuk Shin. It was released exclusively to iTunes as the second single from his debut release, "My World" on October 6, 2009, and was later released to more digital distributions and mainstream and rhythmic radio soon after. Title: Nuttin' Less Nuttin' Mo' Passage: Nuttin' Less Nuttin' Mo' is the second and final album released by rap group, the College Boyz. It was released on October 4, 1994 through Virgin and Capitol Records. After a successful debut two years prior, this album failed to match the success of "Radio Fusion Radio", only peaking at #80 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The only charting single "Rollin" just peaked at #49 on the Hot Rap Singles. Title: Britain's Got Talent (series 8) Passage: The eighth series was won by boy band Collabro, with opera singer Lucy Kay finishing in second place and singing / rapping duo Bars and Melody in third place. During its broadcast, the series averaged around 9.8 million viewers. Title: Sirens (British band) Passage: Sirens are British girl group from Newcastle upon Tyne, best known for their Top 50 single, "Baby (Off the Wall)". Title: How Long Will My Baby Be Gone Passage: "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" is a 1968 song written and recorded by Buck Owens. "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" was the last of eight number ones on the country chart in a row for Buck Owens. The single spent a single week at number one and a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The song is still performed at the Country Bear Jamboree attraction at certain Disney parks. Title: One for My Baby (and One More for the Road) Passage: ``One for My Baby (and One More for the Road) ''is a hit song written by Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer for the movie musical The Sky's the Limit (1943) and first performed in the film by Fred Astaire. It was popularized by Frank Sinatra. Title: Paracetamol Passage: Paracetamol consists of a benzene ring core, substituted by one hydroxyl group and the nitrogen atom of an amide group in the para (1,4) pattern. The amide group is acetamide (ethanamide). It is an extensively conjugated system, as one lone pair on the hydroxyl oxygen, the benzene pi cloud, the nitrogen lone pair, the p orbital on the carbonyl carbon, and one lone pair on the carbonyl oxygen are all conjugated. The presence of two activating groups also make the benzene ring highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. As the substituents are ortho, para-directing and para with respect to each other, all positions on the ring are more or less equally activated. The conjugation also greatly reduces the basicity of the oxygens and the nitrogen, while making the hydroxyl acidic through delocalisation of charge developed on the phenoxide anion. Title: The Brady Bunch Passage: The theme song, penned by Schwartz and Frank De Vol, and originally arranged, sung, and performed by Paul Parrish, Lois Fletcher, and John Beland under the name the Peppermint Trolley Company, quickly communicated to audiences that the Bradys were a blended family. The Brady family is shown in a tic - tac - toe board with Carol on the top center, Alice in the middle block, and Mike on bottom middle. To the right are three blocks with the boys from the oldest on top to the youngest. To the left are three blocks with the girls from the oldest to the youngest. In season two, the Brady kids took over singing the theme song. In season three, the boys sing the first verse, girls sing the second verse, and all sing together for the third and last verse. The sequence was created and filmed by Howard A. Anderson, Jr., a visual effects pioneer who worked on the title sequences for many popular television series. Title: Live Earth concert, Antarctica Passage: The Live Earth concert in Antarctica was held at Rothera Research Station, one in a series of Live Earth concerts that took place on July 7, 2007, in all seven continents. The band Nunatak performed as the lone act. Nunatak's performances, though performed in front of only 17 people, were broadcast all over the world. It was the first rock concert ever performed in Antarctica.	[ "Baby (Justin Bieber song)", "One Less Lonely Girl" ]
What is the population of Desmet in Bill Johnson's birth state?	1,089	[]	Title: Boardwalk Empire (season 1) Passage: The first season of the HBO television series "Boardwalk Empire" premiered on September 19, 2010 and concluded on December 5, 2010, consisting of 12 episodes. The series was created by Terence Winter and based on the book "Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City" by Nelson Johnson. Set in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era, the series stars Steve Buscemi as Enoch "Nucky" Thompson (based on the historical Enoch L. Johnson), a political figure who rose to prominence and controlled Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition period of the 1920s and 1930s. The first season takes place between January and November 1920, beginning with the start of national prohibition and ending with the 1920 presidential election. Title: Family Entertainment Protection Act Passage: The United States Family Entertainment Protection Act (FEPA) was a bill introduced by Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY), and co-sponsored by Senators Joe Lieberman (D-CT), Tim Johnson (D-SD) and Evan Bayh (D-IN) on November 29, 2005. The bill called for a federal mandate enforcement of the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) ratings system for video games in order to protect children from inappropriate content. Title: Johnson Township, Clinton County, Indiana Passage: Johnson Township is one of fourteen townships in Clinton County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 511 and it contained 209 housing units. The township was named for Richard M. Johnson, a military officer and later vice president of the United States. Title: Central, Tennessee Passage: Central is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in western Carter County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 2,717 at the 2000 census and 2,279 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. Title: Bill Johnson (author) Passage: Bill Johnson (born in the late 1950s in South Dakota) is a science fiction writer whose works often have a "regional" tone influenced by his South Dakota origins. This is particularly true of his story "We Will Drink a Fish Together," which in 1998 won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette. His 1999 collection is called "Dakota Dreamin". His novel "Heroes & Friends" came out in 2015. Title: Clarksville, Arkansas Passage: Clarksville is a city in Johnson County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 9,178, up from 7,719 in 2000. As of 2016, the estimated population was 9,524. The city is the county seat of Johnson County. It is nestled between the Arkansas River and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains, and Interstate 40 and US Highway 64 intersect within the city limits. Clarksville-Johnson County is widely known for its peaches, scenic byways and abundance of natural outdoor recreational activities. Title: Bern Passage: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%. Title: NBA Finals Passage: Most years in Finals (12) -- Bill Russell Most games played in Finals (70) -- Bill Russell Most career points in Finals (1,679) -- Jerry West Most career assists in Finals (584) -- Magic Johnson Most career rebounds in Finals (1,718) -- Bill Russell Most career blocks in Finals (116) -- Kareem Abdul - Jabbar Most career steals in Finals (102) -- Magic Johnson Most career turnovers in Finals (190) -- Magic Johnson Title: Def Jam's How to Be a Player Passage: Def Jam's How to Be a Player is a 1997 comedy film, starring Bill Bellamy, Natalie Desselle and Bernie Mac. The film was directed by Lionel C. Martin, and written by Mark Brown and Demetria Johnson. Title: Reconstruction era Passage: Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson both took moderate positions designed to bring the South back into the union as quickly as possible, while Radical Republicans in Congress sought stronger measures to upgrade the rights of African Americans, including the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, while curtailing the rights of former Confederates, such as through the provisions of the Wade -- Davis Bill. Johnson followed a lenient policy toward ex-Confederates. Lincoln's last speeches show that he was leaning toward supporting the enfranchisement of all freedmen, whereas Johnson was opposed to this. Title: Civil Rights Act of 1866 Passage: The Civil Rights Act of 1866, 14 Stat. 27 - 30, enacted April 9, 1866, was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. It was mainly intended to protect the civil rights of persons of African descent born in or brought to the U.S., in the wake of the American Civil War. This legislation was enacted by Congress in 1865 but vetoed by President Andrew Johnson. In April 1866 Congress again passed the bill to support the Thirteenth Amendment. Although Johnson again vetoed it, a two - thirds majority in each chamber overcame the veto and the bill therefore became law. Title: Johnson City, Tennessee Passage: Johnson City is a city in Washington, Carter, and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, with most of the city being in Washington County. As of the 2010 census, the population of Johnson City was 63,152, and by 2015 the estimated population was 66,027, making it the ninth - largest city in the state. Title: Johnson Township, Ripley County, Indiana Passage: Johnson Township is one of eleven townships in Ripley County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,685 and it contained 1,664 housing units. Title: Johnson Township, Scott County, Indiana Passage: Johnson Township is one of five townships in Scott County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,520 and it contained 1,037 housing units. Title: De Smet, South Dakota Passage: De Smet is a city in and the county seat of Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,089 at the 2010 census. Title: Shawn Johnson East Passage: In May 2009, Johnson was the winner of season eight of Dancing with the Stars, and in November 2012 she earned second place on the all - star edition. Title: Boardwalk Empire Passage: Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and broadcast on the premium cable channel HBO. The series is set chiefly in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era of 1920s and stars Steve Buscemi as Nucky Thompson. Winter, a Primetime Emmy Award-winning screenwriter and producer, created the show, inspired by Nelson Johnson's non-fiction book "Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City", about the historical criminal kingpin Enoch L. Johnson. Title: Mission Woods, Kansas Passage: Mission Woods is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 178. Title: United States Senate Passage: The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.	[ "Bill Johnson (author)", "De Smet, South Dakota" ]
What is the name of the airport in the city where District 3 is located?	Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport	[ "SGN", "Tan Son Nhat International Airport" ]	Title: Gmina Lubawa Passage: Gmina Lubawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It takes its name from the town of Lubawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The administrative seat of the gmina is the village of Fijewo, which lies close to Lubawa. Title: Airpark East Airport Passage: Airpark East Airport is a privately owned public-use airport located northwest of the central business district of Terrell, Texas, United States. The airport is used solely for general aviation purposes. The airport is in both Rockwall and Kaufman counties. Title: Hobart Sky Ranch Airport Passage: Hobart Sky Ranch Airport is a public-use airport located two miles (3 km) northwest of the central business district of Hobart, a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. This airport is privately owned by Don Niemeyer. Title: Bendigo Airport (Pennsylvania) Passage: Bendigo Airport is a public-use airport located in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is two miles (3 km) south of the central business district of Tower City in Schuylkill County. This airport is privately owned by Helen Bendigo. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Detroit Lakes Airport Passage: Detroit Lakes Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located two miles (3 km) west of the central business district of Detroit Lakes, a city in Becker County, Minnesota, United States. Title: Oakland County International Airport Passage: Oakland County International Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located in Waterford Township, Oakland County, Michigan, United States. The airport is located approximately 1 mile from the center of Waterford Township and Oakland County. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non primary commercial service facility. Title: Vienna International Airport Passage: Vienna International Airport has four terminal buildings named Terminal 1, 2 and 3 which are directly built against each other as well as the additional Terminal 1A located opposite Terminal 1. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 connect to the five concourses. The central arrivals hall for all terminal areas is located in Terminal 3. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Tân Định Church Passage: The church architecture features Roman style architecture. It is the second largest church in Ho Chi Minh City, after the Saigon Notre-Dame Basilica (Vietnamese, Nhà thờ Đức Bà Sài Gòn) in District 1. Title: St. Louis Metro-East Airport Passage: St. Louis Metro-East Airport , also known as Shafer Field, is a public use airport located two miles (3 km) north of the central business district of St. Jacob, in Madison County, Illinois, United States. It is privately owned by Edward B. Shafer. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Phillips Flying Ranch Airport Passage: Phillips Flying Ranch Airport is a public airport located fifteen miles (24.1 km) southeast of the central business district (CBD) of Rockwall, in Rockwall County, Texas, United States. The airport itself is located in Hunt County Title: Spirit of St. Louis Airport Passage: Spirit of St. Louis Airport is a public airport located 17 miles (27 km) west of the central business district of St. Louis, in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. It is owned by St. Louis County and named after the famous "Spirit of St. Louis" aircraft. Title: Tan Son Nhat International Airport Passage: Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) (Vietnamese: Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất, Vietnamese: Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất) is the busiest airport in Vietnam with 32.5 million passengers in 2016, serving Ho Chi Minh City as well as the rest of southeastern Vietnam. As of January 2017, it had a total capacity of only 25 million passengers, which has caused constant congestion and sparked debate for expanding or building a new airport. The airport's IATA code, SGN, is derived from the city's former name of Saigon. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Tulita Airport Passage: Tulita Airport is located adjacent to Tulita, Northwest Territories, Canada. The hours of operation is Monday to Friday from 9am to 5pm local time. The airport does operate outside of its operational hours when responding to MEDIVAC (air ambulance) call out. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Tawau Airport Passage: Tawau Airport () is an airport located north east of Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. It is one of two airports in Sabah with immigration counters for international flights, the other being Kota Kinabalu International Airport. Tawau Airport serves the districts of Tawau, Kunak and Semporna and is the nearest airport to the diving islands of Sipadan, Mabul and Kapalai, all of which are located in the latter district.	[ "Tan Son Nhat International Airport", "Tân Định Church" ]
What is the population of Amkette's headquarters city?	249,998	[]	Title: Greenville County, South Carolina Passage: Greenville County is a county located in the state of South Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 451,225, making it the most populous county in the state. In 2017, the estimated population of the county was 506,837. Its county seat is Greenville. The county is also home to the Greenville County School District, the largest school system in South Carolina. County government is headquartered at Greenville County Square. Title: New Delhi Passage: New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi. Title: Stratham, New Hampshire Passage: Stratham is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The town had a population of 7,255 at the 2010 census, and an estimated population of 7,280 in 2013. It is bounded on the west by the Squamscott River. The town is the home of the only U.S. Lindt & Sprüngli factory and the headquarters of the Timberland Corporation. Title: Pipra Nankar Passage: Pipra Nankar is a village situated in the Damkhauda Mandal of Bareilly District in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 2.273 kilometres from the mandal headquarters Damkhoda, and is 36.38 km far from the district headquarters in Bareilly. Title: Kiunga, Kenya Passage: Kiunga is a division in the Lamu District of Coast Province located close to the Indian Ocean coast of northern Kenya, and only 15 kilometres to the border with Somalia. A major marine conservation area, the Kiunga Marine National Reserve has its headquarters at Kiunga. The reserve is an important habitat for mangrove, turtles, and many species of birds. Total population of the division is 3310 (1999 census ). Title: Miami Dolphins Training Facility Passage: The Baptist Health Training Facility at Nova Southeastern University, formerly the Miami Dolphins Training Facility, is located on the Nova Southeastern University main campus in Davie, Florida. It is the headquarters location for the Miami Dolphins, as well as a location for frequent special events. Title: Rajiv Bapna Passage: The company was the first-ever domestic manufacturer of floppy diskettes in India. In a short span of time, Amkette gained a strong name in the Indian market due to Bapna’s strong focus on precision manufacturing, customer service and distribution policies. Rajiv Bapna is also responsible for creating one of the largest IT distribution networks in the country. Title: Fort Totten, North Dakota Passage: Fort Totten is a census-designated place (CDP) in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,243 at the 2010 census. Fort Totten is located within the Spirit Lake Reservation and is the site of tribal headquarters. The reservation has a total population estimated at 6,000. Although not formally incorporated as a city, Fort Totten has the largest population of any community in Benson County. Title: Ambit Energy Passage: Ambit Energy is an International multi-level marketing company that provides electricity and natural gas services in energy markets in the U.S. that have been deregulated.The company's corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas, and its operations/call center headquarters are located in Plano, Texas. Ambit Energy was founded in 2006 in Addison, Texas by Jere Thompson Jr. and Chris Chambless. Title: Big Pine, California Passage: Big Pine (formerly, Bigpine) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Big Pine is located approximately south-southeast of Bishop, at an elevation of . The population was 1,756 at the 2010 census, up from 1,350 at the 2000 census. The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation operates their tribal headquarters from here. Title: Nela Park Passage: Nela Park is the headquarters of GE Lighting, and is located in East Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Today, GE Lighting is a part of GE Home & Business Solutions, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Nela Park serves as the operating headquarters of GE Lighting. Title: Tennessee Passage: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville. Title: Amkette Passage: Amkette is a computer hardware and electronics manufacturer headquartered in New Delhi, India. In November 2014, the company launched a headphone with a sharing jack, Trubeats Tango, that allows listeners to connect additional listening devices to the headphone. The company's current flagship product is EvoTV (a smart device that integrates the Internet and web features into the TV). Other products include wireless products, personal technology and audio, peripherals and multimedia devices. The company has a pan-India distribution network and heavily invests in hardware and software R&D. Its manufacturing facility is in Udaipur, Rajasthan while the software team is based in Bangalore, India. Title: Minakulu Passage: Minakulu is one of the sub-counties forming Oyam District in Northern Uganda. It is located west of Oyam town and south of Gulu town, about 20 kilometres from Oyam district headquarters and 32 kilometres from Gulu district headquarters. Title: Bukomansimbi District Passage: Bukomansimbi District is a district in Central Uganda. The district is named after its main municipal center, Bukomansimbi, the location of the district headquarters. Title: Ifedore Passage: Ifedore is a Local Government Area in Ondo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Igbara-Oke. Elizade University is located in the area. Title: Colgan Air Passage: Colgan Air was an American certificated regional airline subsidiary of Pinnacle Airlines Corp. The headquarters of Colgan Air were located in Memphis, Tennessee. Title: Shariatpur Sadar Upazila Passage: Shariatpur Sadar () is an upazila of Shariatpur District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Shariatpur Thana was converted into an upazila in 1984. The upazila takes its name from the district and the Bengali word "sadar" (headquarters). It is the subdistrict where the district headquarters, Shariatpur town, is located. Title: Dang District, India Passage: Dang (Listen ) is a district in the state of Gujarat in India. The administrative headquarters of the district are located in Ahwa. Dang has an area of 1,764 km² and a population of 226,769 (as of 2011).As of 2011 it is the least populous district of Gujarat (out of 33). As per the Planning Commission, Dang is one of the most economically distressed district out of 640 districts in India. The main language spoken in this district is Konkani and 98% of the population belongs to one of the scheduled tribes.The five Kings of Dangs are the only hereditary royals in India whose titles are currently recognized by the government owing to an agreement made during the British Raj in 1842. Title: Ringim Passage: Ringim is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ringim, the LGA has an area of 1,057 km² and a population of 192,024 at the 2006 census.	[ "New Delhi", "Amkette" ]
The person with the most second place finishes in Golf majors is now what?	an American retired professional golfer	[]	Title: 1956–57 Scottish Division Two Passage: The 1956–57 Scottish Second Division was won by Clyde who, along with second placed Third Lanark, were promoted to the First Division. East Stirlingshire finished bottom. Title: America's Got Talent Passage: On September 20, Darci Lynne Farmer won the twelfth season, becoming the third ventriloquist, third child act and the third female act to win the competition (second year in a row after VanderWaal's win in 2016). Child singer Angelica Hale was announced as the runner - up, Ukrainian dance act Light Balance finished in third place, deaf musician Mandy Harvey finished in fourth place and dog act Sara & Hero finished in fifth place. Title: June Beebe Passage: She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She won the Women's Western Open 1931 and 1933, and finished second in 1930 and 1932. She also competed under her married name, Mrs. Phillip Atwood. She also won the Chicago Women's District Golf Association's Championship twice, in 1933 and 1935. Title: Men's major golf championships Passage: Along with his record 18 major victories, Jack Nicklaus also holds the record for most runner - up finishes in major championships, with 19, including a record 7 at the Open Championship. Phil Mickelson has the second most with 11 runner - up finishes after the 2016 Open Championship, which includes a record 6 runner - up finishes at the U.S. Open, the one major he has never won. Arnold Palmer had 10 second places, including three in the major he never won, the PGA Championship. There have been three golfers with 8 runner - up finishes -- Sam Snead, Greg Norman and Tom Watson. Norman shares the distinction of having lost playoffs in each of the four majors with Craig Wood (who lost the 1934 PGA final -- at match play -- on the second extra hole). Title: 2000 PGA Championship Passage: The 2000 PGA Championship was the 82nd PGA Championship, held August 17–20 at the Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, Kentucky. It was the second time for the event at Valhalla, which hosted four years earlier in 1996. Tiger Woods won his second straight PGA Championship and fifth major in a three-hole playoff over Bob May. Woods and May finished at 18 under par to set the PGA Championship record to par, later equaled by Woods in 2006. It was the first time since 1937 that a PGA Championship title was successfully defended, and the first ever as a stroke play event. Woods and May were five shots ahead of third-place finisher Thomas Bjørn. Title: FC Osipovichi Passage: FC Osipovichi was founded in 1994 as KRZ Osipovichi and started playing in Belarusian Second League since 1994–95 season. In 1997, they changed their name to FC Svisloch-Krovlya Osipovichi and won the Second league, receiving promotion to the First League. In 1998 Svisloch-Krovlya finished 2nd in the First League and were promoted to the Premier League. In 1999 Svisloch-Krovlya finished last and were relegated back to the First League, where they were playing from 2000 to 2002. In 2001 team's name was shortened to FC Svosloch Osipovishi and in 2002 to FC Osipovichi. From 2003 till 2016, they played in the Second League. In 2016 they finished at the 2nd place, which led to promotion to Belarusian First League. The season 2017 they finished on the 15th place in the First League and were relegated back to the Second League. Since 2018 they play in the Second League. Title: Pavel Kolmakov Passage: Kolmakov competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Kazakhstan. He placed 11th in the first qualifying round in the moguls, not advancing. He then finished 4th in the second qualifying round, moving on to the final. In the first run of the final, he placed 11th, advancing to the second run, where he finished 10th, not advancing to the final medal run. Title: Jack Nicklaus Passage: Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed The Golden Bear, is an American retired professional golfer. In the opinion of many observers, he is the greatest golfer of all time. During a span of more than 25 years, he won a record 18 major championships, three ahead of Tiger Woods (15). Nicklaus focused on the major championships—Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship and PGA Championship—and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events. He has competed in more major championships (164) than any other player. He finished with 73 PGA Tour victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Tiger Woods (81). Title: 2013 Open Championship Passage: The 2013 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 142nd Open Championship, held from 18 -- 21 July at Muirfield Golf Links in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Phil Mickelson shot a final round 66 (− 5) to win his fifth major title, three strokes ahead of runner - up Henrik Stenson. Mickelson began the round five strokes back, in a tie for ninth place. Ian Poulter, Adam Scott, and 54 - hole leader Lee Westwood tied for third, four back of Mickelson. Title: 1936–37 Scottish Division Two Passage: The 1936–37 Scottish Second Division was won by Ayr United who, along with second placed Morton, were promoted to the First Division. Edinburgh City finished bottom. Title: Rives McBee Passage: McBee was born in Denton, Texas, and has called nearby Irving home for most of his life. He played on the PGA Tour from 1965 to 1971, before accepting a job as the head golf professional at Las Colinas Country Club in Irving. His best finish in a major championship was T-13 at the 1966 U.S. Open. He was a founding member of the Northern Texas Junior Golf Association, and a former Northern Texas PGA "Teacher of the Year". McBee won the club pro's national title in 1973. Title: 1946–47 Scottish Division Two Passage: The 1946–47 Scottish Second Division was won by Dundee who, along with second placed Airdrieonians, were promoted to the First Division. Cowdenbeath finished bottom. It was the first season after World War II. Title: 1985–86 Scottish Second Division Passage: The 1985–86 Scottish Second Division was won by Dunfermline Athletic who, along with second placed Queen of the South, were promoted to the First Division. Stranraer finished bottom. Title: 2017 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Passage: Mercedes driver Valtteri Bottas controlled the pace throughout the race to win from pole position. Lewis Hamilton finished in close second place, with Sebastian Vettel finishing third. Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo retired due to mechanical failure, which was significant in facilitating fourth place for Kimi Räikkönen in the Driver's Championship. Title: Chung Jae-hun (archer) Passage: He competed for South Korea in the 1992 Summer Olympics held in Barcelona, Spain in the individual event where he finished in second place behind Frenchman Sebastien Flute. He was also part of the South Korean team that finished fifth in the team event. Title: Britain's Got Talent (series 10) Passage: The tenth series was won by magician Richard Jones, with jazz singer Wayne Woodward finishing in second place and dance troupe Boogie Storm in third place. Title: 2015 Open Championship Passage: The 2015 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 144th Open Championship, held from 16 -- 20 July at the Old Course at St Andrews in Fife, Scotland. It was the 29th Open Championship played at the course and Zach Johnson won in a four - hole playoff for his second major title. Title: 1935 Masters Tournament Passage: In a change from the first year, the nines were switched to their present order, with the finishing hole at ``Holly. ''In the fourth round, Gene Sarazen holed a double eagle (235 yards, 4 wood) to tie Craig Wood and force a 36 - hole playoff. This second shot at`` Firethorn,'' the par - 5 15th hole, then 485 yards (443 m), is referred to in golf as the ``shot heard 'round the world. '' Title: 1984–85 Scottish Second Division Passage: The 1984–85 Scottish Second Division was won by Montrose who, along with second placed Alloa Athletic, were promoted to the First Division. Arbroath finished bottom. Title: Britain's Got Talent (series 11) Passage: The eleventh series was won by musician Tokio Myers, with magician Issy Simpson finishing in second place and comedian Daliso Chaponda in third place. During its broadcast, the series averaged around 9.1 million viewers.	[ "Jack Nicklaus", "Men's major golf championships" ]
Which county shares a border with the county where Spring Creek is located?	Amador County	[]	Title: Kingdom of Gera Passage: The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera. Title: North Spring, West Virginia Passage: North Spring is an unincorporated community in Wyoming County, West Virginia, United States. It is located on Route 52/1 which is known as Little Cub Creek Road. It also is home to one of the oldest buildings in West Virginia, a one-room church that sits on the hill at the confluence of Trace Fork Creek and Little Cub Creek. It is also home to the oldest post office in the state, although it has been closed since the flood of 2009. In the 2010 Census, North Spring has a total of 339 residents. Title: Alice Springs Correctional Centre Passage: The Alice Springs Correctional Centre, an Australian medium to maximum security prison for males and females, is located outside Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. The centre is managed by Northern Territory Correctional Services, an agency of the Department of Justice of the Government of the Northern Territory. The centre detains sentenced and charged felons under Northern Territory and/or Commonwealth law. Title: Strehlow Research Centre Passage: The Strehlow Research Centre is a museum and cultural centre located in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Research Centre is responsible for the care of the Strehlow Collection of Indigenous central Australian ethnographic objects and archival materials. It is managed by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Spring Creek, West Virginia Passage: Spring Creek is an unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. Spring Creek is located on the Greenbrier River south of Falling Spring. Title: Gardner River Passage: The Gardner River (also known as the Gardiner River) is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, approximately long, in northwestern Wyoming and south central Montana in the United States. The entire river is located within Yellowstone National Park. It rises on the slope of Joseph Peak, Gallatin Range in the northwestern part of the park, and winds southeast through Gardner's Hole, a broad subalpine basin which is a popular trout fishing location. Angling on the Gardner is governed by Yellowstone National Park fishing regulations. After merging with Panther Creek, Indian Creek and Obsidian Creek, it then turns north and flows through a steep canyon where it cuts through a basaltic flow from approximately 500,000 years ago known as Sheepeater Cliffs. Below Sheepeater, Glen Creek out of Golden Gate Canyon and Lava Creek out of Lava Creek Canyon join the Gardner near Mammoth Hot Springs. The river crosses the 45th parallel in Gardner Canyon and is also home to a popular hot spring known as "The Boiling River". The river continues north through Gardner Canyon and empties into the Yellowstone near Gardiner, Montana. Title: Spring Creek, California Passage: Spring Creek is an unincorporated community in El Dorado County, California. It lies at an elevation of 6339 feet (1932 m). Title: Berowra Creek, New South Wales Passage: Berowra Creek is a remote northern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located near and around the 30 km long Berowra Creek watercourse, is spread across several different waterfront locations, and borders Hornsby Shire. Access to Berowra Creek is via boat only. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Warner Cope Passage: Born in Kentucky, Cope came to California in 1850 and tried mining, but found little success. In 1853 he resumed work as an attorney, first in El Dorado County and the next year in Jackson, Amador County. In October 1858, he was elected to the California State Assembly from Amador as a Democrat. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Colorado Springs, Colorado Passage: Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in the east central portion of the state. It is situated on Fountain Creek and is located 60 miles (97 km) south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. Title: Enterprise, Northwest Territories Passage: Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River. Title: Northern Territory Passage: The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. Title: Claytonia ogilviensis Passage: Claytonia ogilviensis, common name Ogilvie Mountains spring beauty, is a plant endemic to the Ogilvie Mountains north of Dawson City in the Yukon Territory of Canada. These mountains extend into Alaska, and one of the known populations is less than 1 km from the border, so it would not be surprising if the plant were to be found in Alaska as well. Title: Castor Station, Missouri Passage: Castor Station is an unincorporated community in eastern Madison County, Missouri, United States. It was located on Route 72, approximately seven miles east of Fredericktown. The site is at the confluence of Cape Creek with the Castor River. The Spring Valley cemetery and church are just north of the site on the west side of the river, at the confluence of Spring Valley Creek with the Castor River. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:	[ "Warner Cope", "Spring Creek, California" ]
When did weed become legal for recreational use in the state where Glendale is located?	January 2014	[]	Title: Joe Rice Passage: Rice presently works for Lockheed Martin Space Systems and also is a member of the United States Army Reserve. He was elected to the city council of Glendale, Colorado in 1994 and to the post of mayor in 1996 on a platform of developing a "resident-friendly" community in the Denver enclave. Rice was re-elected in 2000 and later resigned from the post of mayor in 2003 when called up to serve the first of five tours on active duty in Iraq. In Iraq, he has served as an advisor to the Baghdad city council and to Iraqi security forces. Title: Swan Lake (South Dakota) Passage: Swan Lake, South Dakota is a small natural lake located north-northwest of the city of Viborg, South Dakota. The lake is surrounded by cabins and is used for recreational purposes. Title: Glendale, Humboldt County, California Passage: Glendale (Wiyot: p'lèta-kawèti "rocks-white" ) is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California. It is located on the Mad River east-northeast of Arcata, at an elevation of 92 feet (28 m). Title: Weed Country Passage: Weed Country was an American reality television series on the Discovery Channel that premiered on February 20, 2013, during Discovery Channel's programming block titled "Weed Wednesdays". The series followed dealers, growers and patients of the marijuana trade located within the Emerald Triangle, along with the enforcers of the law at the Siskiyou County Sheriff's office. Title: Kyoto Protocol Passage: As of 2016, the US is the only signatory that has not ratified the Protocol. The US accounted for 36% of emissions in 1990. As such, for the treaty to go into legal effect without US ratification, it would require a coalition including the EU, Russia, Japan, and small parties. A deal, without the US Administration, was reached in the Bonn climate talks (COP - 6.5), held in 2001. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Cannabis in Colorado Passage: Cannabis in Colorado refers to cannabis (legal term marijuana) use and possession in Colorado, United States. The Colorado Amendment 64, which was passed by voters on November 6, 2012, led to legalization in January 2014. The policy has led to cannabis tourism. There are two sets of policies in Colorado relating to cannabis use: those for medicinal cannabis and for recreational drug use along with a third set of rules governing hemp. Title: Czechland Lake Recreation Area Passage: Czechland Lake Recreation Area is a recreation area located 1 mile north of Prague, Saunders County, Nebraska. It is located on Czechland Lake and the park consists of of land. The park is owned and operated by the Lower Platte North Natural Resources District. Title: Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert Passage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Employer Identification Number Passage: The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number, is a unique nine - digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification. When the number is used for identification rather than employment tax reporting, it is usually referred to as a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), and when used for the purposes of reporting employment taxes, it is usually referred to as an EIN. These numbers are used for tax administration and must be not used for any other purpose. For example, the EIN should not be used in tax lien auction or sales, lotteries, etc. Title: Lake Canobolas Passage: Lake Canobolas is a man-made reservoir located near Orange, in the central west region of New South Wales, Australia. Completed in the early 1900s, between 1918 and 1957 the lake supplied water to Orange and since the 1970s has been used for recreation purposes. Title: Major League Baseball Passage: Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities beginning in 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Title: Glendale High School (Missouri) Passage: Glendale High School is an American high school in the southeast area of Springfield, Missouri, near U.S. Route 65. Glendale is one of five public high schools in Springfield Public Schools. In 2010, it had an enrollment of 1,416 students. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Cannabis in California Passage: Cannabis in California is permitted, subject to regulations, for both medical and recreational use. In recent decades the state has led the country in efforts to legalize cannabis, holding the first (unsuccessful) vote to decriminalize it in 1972 and, through Proposition 215, becoming the first state to legalize it for medical use in 1996. In the November 2016 election, voters passed an amendment legalizing recreational use of marijuana. Title: Wes Watkins Reservoir Passage: Wes Watkins Reservoir is a reservoir located in central Oklahoma, United States, between Oklahoma City and Shawnee (in the center of McLoud). Its primary use is recreation, especially camping and fishing. Title: Slocan Valley Rail Trail Passage: The Slocan Valley Rail Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail located in the Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, namely the Slocan Valley.	[ "Joe Rice", "Cannabis in Colorado" ]
When did the torch arrive in the birthplace of Han Kum-Ok?	April 28	[]	Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg. Title: Ok Tedi environmental disaster Passage: The Ok Tedi environmental disaster caused severe harm to the environment along of the Ok Tedi River and the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between about 1984 and 2013. The lives of 50,000 people have been disrupted. One of the worst environmental disasters caused by humans, it is a consequence of the discharge of about two billion tons of untreated mining waste into the Ok Tedi from the Ok Tedi Mine, an open pit mine in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. Title: Eastport, Michigan Passage: Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake. Title: Statue of Liberty Passage: The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Title: 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay Passage: The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim. Title: Ghosts of Chosun Passage: Ghosts of Chosun (informal title: A Ghost Story of Joseon Dynasty) () is a 1970 South Korean film directed by Shin Sang-ok. Title: Matsudaira Teru Passage: Matsudaira Teru was born as the third daughter of Hoshina Masamoto, "daimyō" of the Iino han in Kazusa. Her name, written in authentic kanji is 熈 (Teru). When she was 10 (1842), she was adopted by Matsudaira Katataka, "daimyō" of the Aizu han. The adoption took place because Katataka had no children; he had two sons and four daughters at that time, but all had died very young. Katataka took a liking to Teruhime during his frequent visits to the Iino family mansion in Edo. The two hans were closely related to each other, because the first "daimyō" of the Aizu han and the Iino han were adoptive brothers. Title: Statue of Liberty Passage: The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Title: Emma Willis Passage: On 5 July 2008, Emma Griffiths married Busted member Matt Willis at Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, after three years of dating. The wedding was featured in OK magazine. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter called Isabelle, in June 2009. In November 2011, the couple had a second child, a son called Ace, and in May 2016, Willis gave birth to her third child, a girl called Trixie. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet." On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event. Title: Han Kum-ok Passage: Han Kum-ok (born 22 September 1987 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 55 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the 1/8 finals by Jackeline Rentería. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as "Lucky Cloud". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe. Title: Oklahoma Passage: Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5). Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend. Title: North African campaign Passage: The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign). Title: List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes Passage: No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked. Title: Ifedore Passage: Ifedore is a Local Government Area in Ondo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Igbara-Oke. Elizade University is located in the area.	[ "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "Han Kum-ok" ]
The Shady Grove of the same state as KLEM is in what county?	Buchanan County	[ "Buchanan County, Iowa" ]	Title: Udina, Illinois Passage: Udina is an unincorporated community in Plato Township, Kane County, Illinois, United States. It is located mainly at the intersection of Coombs Road, U.S. Route 20 and Plank Road. The Pingree Grove Fire Department is located here. Title: Blooming Grove, Ohio Passage: Blooming Grove is an unincorporated community in northeastern North Bloomfield Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The community is located at the junction of State Route 97 and Morrow County Road 20. The nearest city is Galion, Ohio, located to the northwest. Mount Gilead, the county seat of Morrow County, is located southwest of Blooming Grove on State Route 61. Title: Minnesota Junction, Wisconsin Passage: Minnesota Junction is an unincorporated community located, in the town of Oak Grove, in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. Minnesota Junction is located on Wisconsin Highway 26. It is located at latitude 43.452 and longitude -88.697 at 925 feet above mean sea level. Title: Oak Grove, Barron County, Wisconsin Passage: Oak Grove is a town in Barron County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 948 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Brill and Tuscobia are located in the town. The unincorporated community of Dobie is also located partially in the town. Title: Elk Grove Village, Illinois Passage: Elk Grove Village is a village located in northeastern Illinois adjacent to O'Hare International Airport and is a near northwest suburb, touching the city of Chicago. It is one of the Chicago metropolitan area's principal villages due to its large industrial park, located on the eastern border of the village. The village is located primarily in Cook County with a small portion in DuPage County. The population was 33,127 at the 2010 census. As the name suggests, Elk Grove Village is home to a small herd of elk kept in a grove at the eastern edge of the Busse Woods forest preserve for which the grove is named. Elk are not native to the area but were brought by train from Montana by an early resident, William Busse, in the 1920s. The elk are currently maintained by the Chicago Zoological Society veterinary staff and the Busse Woods Forest Preserve wildlife biologists. Title: Latham, Oregon Passage: Latham is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located on Interstate 5 about 2 miles south of downtown Cottage Grove. The community was named after the politician Milton S. Latham. The post office operated for about ten years, from September 16, 1878 to February 14, 1888. James J. Comstock was its first postmaster. Latham is now served by the Cottage Grove post office. Title: Island Grove, Jasper County, Illinois Passage: Island Grove is an unincorporated community in Grove Township, Jasper County, Illinois, United States. Island Grove is located on County Route 12, north-northwest of Wheeler. Title: Waddams Grove, Illinois Passage: Waddams Grove, previously known as Wadam's, Waddam's Grove, and Sada, is an unincorporated community in the Stephenson County township of West Point, Illinois, United States. Waddams Grove was the first settlement in Stephenson County. It is located northwest of Lena. The community is near the site of the Battle of Waddams Grove which took place during the Black Hawk War. Title: KLEM Passage: KLEM (1410 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Le Mars, Iowa. The station is owned by Powell Broadcasting Company, Inc. It airs a Soft Adult Contemporary music format. Title: Darien (town), Wisconsin Passage: Darien is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,747 at the 2000 census. The Village of Darien is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Bardwell is located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Allen's Grove and Fairfax are also located partially in the town. Title: Shady Grove, Iowa Passage: Shady Grove is a former townsite and unincorporated community in Buchanan County, Iowa, United States, between the cities of Brandon and Jesup. Settlement of Shady Grove began in 1857, but with the advent of rural migration, the population had dropped to 25 by the 1950s. New housing developments begun during the 1990s and 2000s, however, have caused the empty community to be reborn, causing controversy along the way. Title: Cornelius, Oregon Passage: Cornelius is a city in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Located in the Portland metropolitan area, the city's population was 11,869 at the 2010 census. The city lies along Tualatin Valley Highway between Forest Grove to the west and Hillsboro to the east. Cornelius was incorporated in 1893 and is named for founder Thomas R. Cornelius. Title: Shady Grove, Trousdale County, Tennessee Passage: Shady Grove is an unincorporated community in Trousdale County, Tennessee, United States. Shady Grove is southeast of downtown Hartsville. As Hartsville and Trousdale County form a consolidated city-county government, Shady Grove is under the jurisdiction of Hartsville. Title: Shady Grove, McIntosh County, Oklahoma Passage: Shady Grove is a census-designated place (CDP) in McIntosh County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 199 at the 2010 census, a decrease of 14.4 percent from 229 in 2000. Title: McDade, North Carolina Passage: McDade is an unincorporated community in Orange County, North Carolina, United States, located between Carr and Cedar Grove. It lies at an elevation of 728 feet (222 m). Title: Shady Hollow, Texas Passage: Shady Hollow is a census-designated place (CDP) in southwestern Travis County, Texas, United States, and is part of the City of Austin. It is located ten miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown Austin, near the Travis/Hays county line. The population was 5,004 at the 2010 census. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Kickapoo, Wisconsin Passage: Kickapoo is a town in Vernon County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 566 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Kickapoo Center and Sugar Grove are located in the town. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Goodings Grove, Illinois Passage: Goodings Grove was a census-designated place in northern Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,084 at the 2000 census. It ceased to exist as an entity upon the incorporation of the village of Homer Glen, Illinois in 2001.	[ "Shady Grove, Iowa", "KLEM" ]
When did the country that banned BBC from reporting become part of Qing China?	mid-18th century	[ "18th century" ]	Title: Qing dynasty Passage: With respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria. The Qing court sent forces to defeat Yaqub Beg and Xinjiang was reconquered, and then the political system of China proper was formally applied onto Xinjiang. The Kumul Khanate, which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757, maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930. In early 20th century, Britain sent an expedition force to Tibet and forced Tibetans to sign a treaty. The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China. The British agreed not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet, while China engaged not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet. Furthermore, similar to Xinjiang which was converted into a province earlier, the Qing government also turned Manchuria into three provinces in the early 20th century, officially known as the "Three Northeast Provinces", and established the post of Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces to oversee these provinces, making the total number of regional viceroys to nine. Title: Eritrea Passage: In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara." The state-owned news agency censors news about external events. Independent media have been banned since 2001. In 2015, The Guardian published an opinion piece claiming, Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and "a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the "Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit". The combined effect is a "rapid deterioration" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan. Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court. Xinjiang, also known as Chinese Turkestan, was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains, also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively, but the post of Ili General was established in 1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions. Dzungaria was fully opened to Han migration by the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning. Han migrants were at first forbidden from permanently settling in the Tarim Basin but were the ban was lifted after the invasion by Jahangir Khoja in the 1820s. Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Northeast China were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century. Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China." They used both "China" and "Qing" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as "China" or the "Chinese Empire") and foreign affairs, and "Chinese language" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and "Chinese people" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used "Qing" and "China" interchangeably. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning the role of the Mongols, China Daily states that it was the successive Qing dynasty which established the title of Dalai Lama and his power in Tibet: "In 1653, the Qing emperor granted an honorific title to the fifth Dalai Lama and then did the same for the fifth Panchen Lama in 1713, officially establishing the titles of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, and their political and religious status in Tibet." Title: Qing dynasty Passage: The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmaneuvered and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. The Qing surrender in 1842 marked a decisive, humiliating blow to China. The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain. It revealed many inadequacies in the Qing government and provoked widespread rebellions against the already hugely unpopular regime. Title: Child labour Passage: Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake. In 2011, following an investigation by the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee, the BBC announced, "Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of probabilities, it was more likely than not that the Bangalore footage was not authentic." BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or "Boxers." In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials. Title: Peter Parker (physician) Passage: Peter Parker (June 18, 1804 – January 10, 1888) was an American physician and a missionary who introduced Western medical techniques into Qing Dynasty China. It was said that Parker "opened China to the gospel at the point of a lancet." Title: Tibet Passage: Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, China. The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet became incorporated into the People's Republic of China, and the previous Tibetan government was abolished in 1959 after a failed uprising. Today, China governs western and central Tibet as the Tibet Autonomous Region while the eastern areas are now mostly ethnic autonomous prefectures within Sichuan, Qinghai and other neighbouring provinces. There are tensions regarding Tibet's political status and dissident groups that are active in exile. It is also said that Tibetan activists in Tibet have been arrested or tortured. Title: Nanjing Museum Passage: The Nanjing Museum () is located in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province in East China. With an area of , it is one of the largest museums in China. The museum has over 400,000 items in its permanent collection, making it one of the largest in China. Especially notable is the museum's enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias. The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relays. The Telegraph also asked its readers to send their views in response to the question "Is the West demonising China?" The BBC reported on a demonstration in Sydney by Chinese Australians "voicing support for Beijing amid controversy over Tibet" and protesting against what they saw as Western media bias. The report showed demonstrators carrying signs which read "Shame on some Western media", "BBC CNN lies too" and "Stop media distortion!". One demonstrator interviewed by the BBC stated: "I saw some news from CNN, from the BBC, some media [inaudible], and they are just lying." Libération also reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as Western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment. Title: Liao Yiwu Passage: Liao Yiwu (; also known as Lao Wei (); born 16 June 1958 in Sichuan), is a Chinese author, reporter, musician, and poet. He is a critic of China's Communist regime, for which he has been imprisoned. His books, several of which are collections of interviews with ordinary people from the lower rungs of Chinese society, were published in Taiwan and Hong Kong but are banned in mainland China; some have been translated into English, French, German, Polish and Czech. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798. Title: Kumul Khanate Passage: The Kumul Khanate was a semi-autonomous feudal Turkic khanate within the Qing dynasty and then the Republic of China until it was abolished by Xinjiang governor Jin Shuren in 1930. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Han Chinese farmers were resettled from north China by the Qing to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Wasteland was reclaimed by Han Chinese squatters in addition to other Han who rented land from Manchu landlords. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. Qianlong allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite him issuing edicts in favor of banning them from 1740–1776. Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's rule, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s according to Abbe Huc. Title: Asia Business Report Passage: Asia Business Report is a business news programme produced by the BBC and is shown on BBC World News during the Asian morning hours. This programme used to be available exclusively in Asia-Pacific, South Asia and Middle East but, as of a 1 February 2010 revamp, is aired worldwide. It is also currently aired on the UK's domestic BBC News and BBC One channel three times daily in the early hours of the morning as part of the "Newsday" programme. Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to the Chinese central government." Yet he states that this was a radical change in regards to all previous eras of Sino-Tibetan relations.	[ "Qing dynasty", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" ]
What range is Garfield Peak in the state where Aims community College is located a part of?	Sawatch Range	[]	Title: Garfield Peak (Colorado) Passage: Garfield Peak is a high mountain summit of the Collegiate Peaks in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The thirteener is located south-southwest (bearing 197°) of Independence Pass, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide separating San Isabel National Forest and Chaffee County from White River National Forest and Pitkin County. Garfield Peak was named in honor of James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States. Title: College of the Siskiyous Passage: College of the Siskiyous (COS) is a public two-year community college with campuses located in Weed and Yreka in Siskiyou County in Northern California. It is part of the California Community Colleges System, serving as the northernmost college in the state of California and the only college in Siskiyou County. The college is in the service area of California State University, Chico and one of only eleven community colleges in California that provide on-campus housing for students. Title: Fairfield, Illinois Passage: Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Wayne County, Illinois, United States, and the location of Frontier Community College. The population was 5,421 at the 2000 census. Title: Cohagen, Montana Passage: Cohagen is an unincorporated community in southeastern Garfield County, Montana, United States. It lies along Highway 59 southeast of the town of Jordan, the county seat of Garfield County. Its elevation is 2,720 feet (829 m). Although Cohagen is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 59322, which opened on 1905-08-18. Title: Del Valle High School (Travis County, Texas) Passage: Del Valle High School is a public high school located in the Del Valle community in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, United States and is part of the Del Valle Independent School District. The high school serves the communities of Austin, Creedmoor, Garfield, Mustang Ridge, Pilot Knob, Elroy, Webberville, and Hornsby Bend. Title: Tiff City, Missouri Passage: Tiff City is an unincorporated community in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 76, bordering the Oklahoma state line. The community is part of the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Garfield High School (New Jersey) Passage: Garfield High School is a four-year public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades, located in Garfield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, operating as the lone secondary school of the Garfield Public Schools. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: New Haven is a notable center for higher education. Yale University, at the heart of downtown, is one of the city's best known features and its largest employer. New Haven is also home to Southern Connecticut State University, part of the Connecticut State University System, and Albertus Magnus College, a private institution. Gateway Community College has a campus in downtown New Haven, formerly located in the Long Wharf district; Gateway consolidated into one campus downtown into a new state-of-the-art campus (on the site of the old Macy's building) and was open for the Fall 2012 semester. Title: KEPC Passage: KEPC (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, the station serves the Colorado Springs area. The station is currently owned by Pikes Peak Community College, and all of the on-air personalities heard are Radio and Television students at the college, as experience at the radio station is a requirement for the Associates of Applied Science in Telecommunications Production degree offered by the school. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. Title: James Rudolph Garfield Passage: James Rudolph Garfield (October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950) was an American politician and lawyer. Garfield was a son of President James A. Garfield and First Lady Lucretia Garfield. He served as Secretary of the Interior during Theodore Roosevelt's administration. Title: Arabela, New Mexico Passage: Arabela is an unincorporated community located in Lincoln County, New Mexico, United States. Arabela is located in a rural part of eastern Lincoln County, east of Capitan. Title: Burwell, Nebraska Passage: Burwell is a city in Garfield County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,210 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Garfield County. Title: Sandy Ridge, Pennsylvania Passage: Sandy Ridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 407 at the 2010 census. It was also known as Retort. Title: McDonald Observatory Passage: The McDonald Observatory is an astronomical observatory located near the unincorporated community of Fort Davis in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The facility is located on Mount Locke in the Davis Mountains of West Texas, with additional facilities on Mount Fowlkes, approximately to the northeast. The observatory is part of the University of Texas at Austin. It is an organized research unit of the College of Natural Sciences. Title: Levis, Jackson County, Wisconsin Passage: Levis (also known as Lewis) is an unincorporated community located in the town of Garfield, Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. Levis is located on County Highway B and the South Buffalo River east-southeast of Osseo. Title: Aims Community College Passage: Aims Community College is a two-year college serving northern Colorado with four locations in Greeley, Windsor, Fort Lupton and Loveland. Aims offers more than 200 degree and certificate programs and provides many diverse programs as both day and night classes. Aims was founded in 1967 and the first class graduated in 1969. Aims started with one campus in Greeley and later expanded in 1984 to have another campus in Fort Lupton, and in 1987 the Aims Loveland campus was established. The Aims Automotive and Technology Center, located near I-25 and US-34, opened in January 2010. Title: Sussex County Community College Passage: Sussex County Community College (also known by its acronym SCCC) is a co-educational, two-year, public, community college located in the town of Newton in Sussex County, New Jersey in the United States. The college is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and several of its programs are further accredited by state government agencies and national occupational standards associations. Title: Wheelock, Texas Passage: Wheelock is an unincorporated community in Robertson County, Texas, United States. It is located 15 miles northeast of Bryan and 11 miles southeast of Franklin. Wheelock is located on Farm to Market Road 46 and Farm to Market Road 391. It is part of the Bryan–College Station Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Ochopee, Florida Passage: Ochopee is an unincorporated community in Collier County, Florida, United States. It is located to the east of the intersection of US 41 and State Road 29, near Carnestown. The community is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Spoon River College Passage: Spoon River College (SRC), located in Canton, Illinois, is one of 48 two-year, open-admission colleges of the Illinois Community College System (ICCS), organized under the Illinois Public Community College Act. Spoon River College's district comprises parts of Schuyler County, McDonough County, Mason County, and Knox County in West-Central Illinois.	[ "Aims Community College", "Garfield Peak (Colorado)" ]
When did the country that colonized Manuel John Johnson's place of birth legalize same-sex marriage?	5 June 2010	[]	Title: Birth control movement in the United States Passage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Title: Macau Passage: Macau was administered by the Portuguese Empire and its inheritor states from the mid-16th century until late 1999, when it constituted the last remaining European colony in Asia. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 1550s. In 1557, Macau was leased to Portugal from Ming China as a trading port. The Portuguese Empire administered the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty until 1887, when Macau became a colony through a mutual agreement between the two countries. Sovereignty over Macau was transferred back to China on 20 December 1999. The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau and Macau Basic Law stipulate that Macau operate with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Title: Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands Passage: As early as the mid-1980s, a group of gay rights activists, headed by Henk Krol – then editor-in-chief of the Gay Krant – asked the Government to allow same-sex couples to marry. Parliament decided in 1995 to create a special commission, which was to investigate the possibility of same-sex marriages. At that moment, the Christian Democrats (Christian Democratic Appeal) were not part of the ruling coalition for the first time since the introduction of full democracy. The special commission finished its work in 1997 and concluded that civil marriage should be extended to include same-sex couples. After the election of 1998, the Government promised to tackle the issue. In September 2000, the final legislation draft was debated in the Dutch Parliament. Title: Modern Family Passage: Modern Family revolves around three different types of families (nuclear, step- and same-sex) living in the Los Angeles area, who are interrelated through Jay Pritchett and his children, Claire Dunphy (née Pritchett) and Mitchell Pritchett. Patriarch Jay is remarried to a much younger woman, Gloria Delgado Pritchett (née Ramirez), a passionate woman with whom he has a young son, Fulgencio Joseph "Joe" Pritchett, and a son from Gloria's previous marriage, Manuel “Manny” Delgado. Title: Bermuda Passage: Homosexuality was decriminalised in Bermuda with the passage of the Stubbs Bill in May 1994. Legislation was introduced by Private Members Bill by PLP MP Wayne Furbert to amend the Human Rights Act of Bermuda to disallow Same Sex Marriage under the Act in February 2016. The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions. Both measures were in response to a decision by His Hon Mr. Justice Ian Kawaley, Chief Justice of Bermuda's earlier ruling that same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights. Title: Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands Passage: Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands has been legal since 1 April 2001. The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. Title: Same-sex marriage in Sweden Passage: On 27 October 2007, the Moderate Party formally backed same-sex marriages, meaning that the Christian Democrats would be the only party to oppose the law. Göran Hägglund, the leader of the Christian Democrats, stated on Swedish Radio, "my position is that I have been tasked by the party to argue that marriage is for men and women. … When we discuss it between parties we are naturally open and sensitive to each other's arguments and we'll see if we can find a line that allows us to come together."On 12 December 2007, the Church of Sweden gave the green light for same-sex couples to wed in the church, but recommended the term marriage be restricted to opposite-sex couples. It was asked by the Government for its opinion on the matter before the introduction of legislation in early 2008. "Marriage and (same-sex) partnerships are equivalent forms of unions. Therefore the Church of Sweden's central board says yes to the proposal to join the legislation for marriages and partnerships into a single law," the Church said in a statement. "According to the Church of Sweden's board the word 'marriage' should, however, only be used for the relationship between a woman and a man," it said.On 14 January 2008, two leading politicians in the Christian Democrats took a position against the party and started to support same-sex marriage.Reports suggested the Government would table its same-sex marriage bill in early 2008, however, they had yet to propose a bill. This was likely due to the Christian Democrats' opposition from within the four-party centre-right governing coalition despite their being the only party opposing the move. After negotiations on a compromise broke down and facing a parliamentary ultimatum in late October 2008, the Government prepared to present its bill to a free vote. Title: History of same-sex marriage in Australia Passage: The history of same - sex marriage in Australia includes its express prohibition by the Howard Government in 2004 and its eventual legalisation by the Parliament in December 2017. Although a same - sex marriage law was passed by the Australian Capital Territory in 2013, it was struck down by the High Court on the basis of inconsistency with federal law. The Court's decision closed the possibility of concurrent state or territory laws that would allow same - sex marriage where federal law did not. A law legalising same - sex marriage passed the Parliament on 7 December 2017 and received royal assent the following day. Title: Portugal Passage: Gay rights have increased substantially in the past years. On 31 May 2010, Portugal became the sixth country in Europe and the eighth country in the world to legally recognize same-sex marriage on the national level. The law came into force on 5 June 2010. Same-sex adoption is allowed since 1 March 2016 as is female same-sex couple access to medically assisted reproduction since 13 May 2016. This bill was adopted by the Parliament and signed by President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. As of January 2017 the New Law of Gender Identity, simplified the process of gender and name change for transgender people, making it easier for minors to change their gender identity. Title: Monroe Doctrine Passage: The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. ''At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires. Title: Tim Coco Passage: Timothy John "Tim" Coco (born April 30, 1961) is an American business executive, Internet radio pioneer and civil rights activist. He founded COCO+CO., Inc. in 1991 and continues to lead the advertising agency as president and chief executive officer. He gained international notoriety between 2007 and 2010 when he fought—ultimately successful—to be reunited with his same sex spouse when the United States' Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) separated them. Title: David Blankenhorn Passage: David Blankenhorn (born 1955 in Jackson, Mississippi) is the founder and president of the Institute for American Values, co-director of The Marriage Opportunity Council, and the author of "Fatherless America" and "The Future of Marriage". A noted figure in the campaign against same-sex marriage in the United States, his position changed and he voiced support of legalizing same-sex marriage in June 2012. Title: Tharu people Passage: Traditionally, marriages were often arranged during the pregnancies of two women. If they gave birth to opposite sex babies, the two babies were supposed to be married if they grew up as friends. It was problematic if a boy or girl came of age and rejected their assigned fiancé(e). Finding a replacement was difficult because most girls and boys were already engaged. However this custom has been disappearing. Most Tharus now practice conventional arranged marriages. They also practice love marriages, inter caste marriage, marriage after courtship and eloping. Title: Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film) Passage: The film ends with the couple meeting the marriage counselor (William Fichtner) again, where the Smiths state how much their marriage has thrived, with John encouraging him to ask for an update on their sex lives (to which he silently answers ``10 ''). Title: Heartbeat (Don Johnson song) Passage: "Heartbeat" is a 1986 song by Don Johnson. It was released as a single and included on the album of the same name. It became an international hit, peaking at number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and charting highly in many European countries. Title: Marsha P. Johnson Passage: During another incident around this time, which landed Johnson in court, she was confronted by police officers for hustling in New York, and when they went to apprehend her, she hit them with her handbag, which contained two bricks. When Johnson was asked by the judge why she was hustling, Johnson explained she was trying to secure enough money for her husband's tombstone. During a time when same - sex marriage was illegal in the United States, the judge asked her what ``happened to this alleged husband '', Johnson responded,`` Pigs killed him''. Initially sentenced to 90 days in prison for the assault, Johnson's lawyer eventually convinced the judge to sent her to Bellevue instead. Title: Multiracial Americans Passage: Some early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Latin colonies between European men and Native women. For instance, on April 5, 1614, Pocahontas, a Powhatan woman in present-day Virginia, married the Englishman John Rolfe of Jamestown. Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia. As a result, English laws did not exclude people with some Indigenous American ancestry from being considered English or white. Title: Manuel John Johnson Passage: He was born in Macao, China, the son of John William Roberts of the East India Company and was educated at Mr Styles' Classical Academy in Thames Ditton and at the Addiscombe Military Seminary for service in the East India Company (the HEIC). Title: Defense of Marriage Act Passage: The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (Pub. L. 104 -- 199, 110 Stat. 2419, enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C) was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional, defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 (United States v. Windsor), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same - sex married couples from being recognized as ``spouses ''for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same - sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same - sex couples. Title: Sex verification in sports Passage: The first mandatory sex test issued by the IAAF for woman athletes was in July 1950 in the month before the European Championships in Belgium. All athletes were tested in their own countries. Sex testing at the games began at the 1966 European Athletics Championships in response to suspicion that several of the best women athletes from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were actually men. At the Olympics, testing was introduced in 1968.	[ "Macau", "Manuel John Johnson", "Portugal" ]
When do we vote for governor in the state the Green Bay Packers are from?	November 6, 2018	[]	Title: Mark Collins (American football) Passage: Collins also played for the Kansas City Chiefs, Green Bay Packers, and Seattle Seahawks. He was a two-time Super Bowl champion while with the Giants. Title: Nick Barnett Passage: Nicholas Alexander Barnett (born May 27, 1981) is a former American football linebacker. He played college football for Oregon State University, and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the first round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He has played professionally for the NFL's Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills and Washington Redskins. With the Packers, he won Super Bowl XLV against the Pittsburgh Steelers. Title: Green Bay Packers, Inc. Passage: The Green Bay Packers Board of Directors is the organization that serves as the owner of record for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). The Packers have been a publicly owned, non-profit corporation since August 18, 1923. The corporation currently has 360,760 stockholders, who collectively own 5,011,558 shares of stock after the last stock sale of 2011 -- 2012. There have been five stock sales, in 1923, 1935, 1950, 1997, and 2011. Shares in 1923 sold for $5 apiece, while in 1997 they were sold at $200 each and in 2011, $250 each. Title: Mike Butler (American football) Passage: Michael Anthony Butler (born April 4, 1954) is a former American football defensive end who played seven seasons for the Green Bay Packers in the National Football League. He also played two seasons for the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League. Title: Green Bay Packers Passage: The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919 by former high - school football rivals Earl ``Curly ''Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun. Lambeau solicited funds for uniforms from his employer, the Indian Packing Company. He was given $500 ($6,900 today) for uniforms and equipment, on the condition that the team be named for its sponsor. The Green Bay Packers have played in their original city longer than any other team in the NFL. Title: Bears–Packers rivalry Passage: Chicago Bears -- Green Bay Packers The two teams at the line of scrimmage in a 2007 game Chicago Bears Green Bay Packers First meeting November 27, 1921 Chicago Bears 20, Green Bay Packers 0 Latest meeting September 28, 2017 Green Bay Packers 35, Chicago Bears 14 Next meeting Sunday November 12, 2017 Statistics Meetings total 195 meetings All - time series Green Bay leads 95 -- 94 -- 6 Postseason results First meeting December 14, 1941, CHI 33, GB 14 Last Meeting January 23, 2011, GB 21, CHI 14 Largest victory CHI: 61 -- 7 (1980) GB: 49 - 0 (1962) Smallest victory CHI: 2 -- 0 (1938) GB: 2 -- 0 (1932) Longest win streak GB: W10 (1994 -- 1998) CHI: W8 (1985 -- 1988) Current win streak GB: 3 wins (2016 --) Title: Floyd Reid Passage: Floyd "Breezy" Reid (September 4, 1927 in Bridgeton, New Jersey – March 15, 1994) was a former American football running back who played for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. Title: David Bakhtiari Passage: David Afrasiab Assad Bakhtiari (born September 30, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Colorado, and was drafted by the Packers in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. Title: Sean Richardson (American football) Passage: Seandre Antonio Richardson (born January 21, 1990) is a former American football safety who previously played for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. He was signed by the Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football at Vanderbilt. Title: Bob Monnett Passage: Robert C. Monnett (February 27, 1910 – August 2, 1978) was a professional American football player who played halfback for six seasons for the Green Bay Packers. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1973. Title: 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election Passage: The 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to determine the governor and lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It will occur concurrently with the election of Wisconsin's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Title: Bill Ferrario Passage: William James Ferrario (born September 22, 1978 in Scranton, Pennsylvania) is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League primarily with the Green Bay Packers. Title: Kyle Wachholtz Passage: Kyle Wachholtz (born May 17, 1972 in Norco, California) was a 7th round pick by the Green Bay Packers in the 1996 NFL Draft. Wachholtz won Super Bowl XXXI with the Packers against the New England Patriots. He played college football at USC. Title: Deral Teteak Passage: Deral Teteak (December 11, 1929 – December 18, 2014) was an American football guard and linebacker who played in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers. Title: Buff Wagner Passage: Almore Charles "Buff" Wagner (May 31, 1897 – February 12, 1962) was a professional football player for the Green Bay Packers in 1920 and 1921. He played at the collegiate level at Carroll University. Title: Dick Moje Passage: Dick Moje is an American former professional football defensive end in the National Football League. He played with the Green Bay Packers during the 1951 NFL season and appeared in two games. Title: Green Bay Packers Passage: The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. Title: NFL season ticket waiting lists Passage: The Green Bay Packers have the longest waiting list, with more than 100,000 names. The team's website says the wait is 30 years. It is a common custom in Green Bay and other Wisconsin cities to put a baby's name on the list as soon as the birth certificate is obtained. Transfer of standing to surviving relatives is permitted by the Packers. Title: Pete Tinsley Passage: Elijah Pope "Pete" Tinsley (March 16, 1913 – May 11, 1995) was a professional football player, born in Sumter, South Carolina, who played guard, defense and offense for eight seasons for the Green Bay Packers. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1979. Title: Hal Van Every Passage: Harold "Hal" Van Every (February 10, 1918August 11, 2007) was an American football back in the National Football League who played 21 games for the Green Bay Packers. In 1940, the Green Bay Packers used the 9th pick in the 1st round of the 1940 NFL Draft to sign Van Every out of the University of Minnesota. Van Every went on to play for two seasons with the Packers and retired in 1941.	[ "Green Bay Packers", "2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election" ]
When was the first electric version of Mick Grondahl's instrument made?	the 1930s	[]	Title: Mandolin Passage: Mandolin awareness in the United States blossomed in the 1880s, as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s. According to Clarence L. Partee, the first mandolin made in the United States was made in 1883 or 1884 by Joseph Bohmann, who was an established maker of violins in Chicago. Partee characterized the early instrument as being larger than the European instruments he was used to, with a "peculiar shape" and "crude construction," and said that the quality improved, until American instruments were "superior" to imported instruments. At the time, Partee was using an imported French-made mandolin. Title: Hard rock Passage: The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental "Rumble" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962). Title: Fender Musical Instruments Corporation Passage: In 1985, in a campaign initiated by then CBS Musical Instruments division president William Schultz (1926 -- 2006), the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company employees purchased the company from CBS and renamed it Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC). Behind the Fender name, FMIC has retained Fender's older models along with newer designs and concepts. The sale however did not include the old Fullerton factory; FMIC had to build a new facility in nearby Corona. Title: Bass guitar Passage: In the 1930s, musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc from Seattle, Washington, who was manufacturing lap steel guitars, developed the first electric string bass in its modern form, a fretted instrument designed to be played horizontally. The 1935 sales catalog for Tutmarc's electronic musical instrument company, Audiovox, featured his ``Model 736 Bass Fiddle '', a four - stringed, solid - bodied, fretted electric bass instrument with a 30 ⁄ - inch (775 - millimetre) scale length. The adoption of a guitar's body shape made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in tune more easily than on fretless acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period. Title: Orchestral Favorites Passage: Orchestral Favorites is an album by Frank Zappa first released in May 1979 on his own DiscReet Records label. The album is instrumental and features music performed by the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra. Title: Bitches Brew Passage: Bitches Brew is a studio double album by American jazz musician, composer, and bandleader Miles Davis, released on March 30, 1970 on Columbia Records. It marked his continuing experimentation with electric instruments that he had previously featured on the critically acclaimed "In a Silent Way" (1969). With these instruments, such as the electric piano and guitar, Davis rejected traditional jazz rhythms in favor of loose, rock-influenced arrangements based on improvisation. Title: Mick Grøndahl Passage: Mick Grøndahl (often spelled Grondahl) (born 7 May 1968) is a Danish-American bass guitarist. Born and brought up in Denmark, he is best known for playing bass guitar on Jeff Buckley's debut album, "Grace". Title: The First Seven Days Passage: The First Seven Days is an album recorded by jazz musician Jan Hammer in 1975. It features extensive use of synthesizers, including the synthesized "guitar" parts (as on his follow-up album, "Oh Yeah?"), with the record jacket stating, "For those concerned: there is "no guitar" on this album." Other instruments used are grand piano, electric violin and percussion. Title: Vacuum Passage: Manifold vacuum can be used to drive accessories on automobiles. The best-known application is the vacuum servo, used to provide power assistance for the brakes. Obsolete applications include vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps. Some aircraft instruments (Attitude Indicator (AI) and the Heading Indicator (HI)) are typically vacuum-powered, as protection against loss of all (electrically powered) instruments, since early aircraft often did not have electrical systems, and since there are two readily available sources of vacuum on a moving aircraft—the engine and an external venturi. Vacuum induction melting uses electromagnetic induction within a vacuum. Title: You're So Vain Passage: In 1983, she said it is not about Mick Jagger, who contributed uncredited backing vocals to the song. In a 1993 book, Angie Bowie claimed to be the ``wife of a close friend ''mentioned in`` You're So Vain'', and that Jagger, for a time, had been ``obsessed ''with her. Simon made another comment about the subject's identity as a guest artist on Janet Jackson's 2001 single,`` Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)'', which sampled ``You're So Vain ''. Simon said about the song,`` The apricot scarf was worn by Nick (Delbanco). Nothing in the words referred to Mick.'' Title: Voltmeter Passage: A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter. Title: Cherish the Ladies Passage: Cherish the Ladies is an American female super group that plays Celtic music. The band began as a concert series in New York in January 1985. It was the brainchild of Mick Moloney who wanted to showcase the brightest female musicians in America in what had been a male-dominated scene. The group took its name from a traditional Irish jig called "Cherish the Ladies", and the series opened to sold-out concerts. Their leader Joanie Madden plays flute and tin whistle. The other members of the group play a wide variety of instruments. Their albums contain both tunes (instrumental tracks) and songs (tracks with vocals). Title: Orchestra Passage: The typical symphony orchestra consists of four groups of related musical instruments called the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings (violin, viola, cello and double bass). Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes be grouped into a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and electric and electronic instruments. The orchestra, depending on the size, contains almost all of the standard instruments in each group. Title: John F. Cotton Corporate Wellness Center Passage: Being a private facility, it is situated inside the Meralco Center at Ortigas Avenue in Pasig City. The transformation of the JFCH into an integrated corporate wellness center made the Manila Electric Company the first corporation in the Philippines to institutionalize the implementation of such a program. Title: Mandolin Passage: Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." Title: Carter family (EastEnders) Passage: Tina remained close to Mick (without knowing that he is really her nephew, rather than her brother). Mick met a local girl called Linda Peacock (Kellie Bright) when he was six years old and they went to school together. When they were 15, Linda fell pregnant by Mick, three months after the death of her father, and gave birth to their son Lee Carter (Danny - Boy Hatchard). Two years later, they had a daughter, Nancy Carter (Maddy Hill), followed by the premature birth of their youngest son, Johnny Carter (Sam Strike / Ted Reilly). Shirley burnt down their first pub, which led to Mick being estranged from Shirley and they lived with Linda's mother, Elaine Peacock (Maria Friedman). Title: Mick Wright (footballer, born 1950) Passage: Michael "Mick" Wright (born 17 February 1950) is an English former footballer who made 89 appearances in the Football League for Darlington in the 1960s and 1970s. A defender, he went on to play non-league football for Crook Town. Title: Hernani Almeida Passage: Hernani Almeida (born 7 April 1978 in Sao Vicente, Cape Verde) is a Cape Verdean musician, having started at age 7 his musical career via a small keyboard switching at the age of 14 to the electric guitar, an instrument that became his brand image. After 1989 he joined the group's musical Mick Lima appears in 1994 with his rock band named What, which drew the attention as a guitarist of the music greats of Cape Verde. Title: Borghild Holmsen Passage: Borghild Holmsen was born in Kråkstad (now Ski), Akershus, Norway. When she was 7 years old, her family settled in Christiania (now Oslo). She studied piano with Agathe Backer-Grøndahl and Otto Winter-Hjelm, and continued her studies with Carl Reinecke and Salomon Jadassohn in Leipzig and Albert Becker in Berlin. Title: Electric Café Passage: Electric Café is the ninth studio album by the electronic group Kraftwerk, originally released in 1986. In October 2009 it was re-released under its original working title, Techno Pop. The initial 1986 "Electric Café" came in versions sung in English and German, as well as a limited "Edición Española" release, featuring versions of "Techno Pop" and "Sex Object" with only Spanish lyrics. It was the first Kraftwerk LP to be created using predominantly digital musical instruments, although the finished product was still recorded onto analog master tapes.	[ "Bass guitar", "Mick Grøndahl" ]
What is the area code for Cincinnati, in the state that has the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo?	513	[]	Title: Area code 575 Passage: Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas, which remain in area code 505. The new code became effective on October 7, 2007, splitting from area code 505. Title: David Traylor Zoo of Emporia Passage: The David Traylor Zoo is a small zoo located in Emporia, Kansas, United States. Admission to the zoo is free. You can walk through the zoo to view the naturalized exhibits. The zoo is located in Soden's Grove Park, which includes a small train that operates in the summer, the historical Marsh Arch Bridge, and an All Veterans Memorial. Title: Ray Township, Michigan Passage: Ray Township is a civil township of Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 3,739. Wolcott Mill Metropark, a park is located entirely within the township. The park is named for and is home to an historic grist mill built in 1847. Title: Landhi Korangi Zoo Passage: Landhi Korangi Zoo () established in 1990, is a zoological garden located at Korangi, Landhi Town, Karachi District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is spread over an area of approximately and contains a fewer variety of animals compared to Karachi Zoo. The zoo operates under the City District Government Karachi and is a member of SAZARC. Title: Area code 406 Passage: Coordinates: 47 ° 00 ′ 01 ''N 109 ° 45 ′ 04'' W / 47.00028 ° N 109.75111 ° W / 47.00028; - 109.75111 (State of Montana) Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947. Title: Area codes 208 and 986 Passage: Area codes 208 and 986 are the North American telephone area codes for all of Idaho. 208 is the main area code, and is one of the 86 original area codes created in 1947. It was Idaho's sole area code until 2017, when 986 was added as an overlay for the entire state. Title: Mill Creek Park Passage: Mill Creek Park (officially known as Mill Creek MetroParks) is a metropolitan park located in Youngstown, Ohio. The Trust for Public Land ranks one part of Mill Creek as the 142nd largest park located within the limits of a US city. Title: Mariemont City School District Passage: The Mariemont City School District is located east of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States and includes the villages of Fairfax, Terrace Park, Mariemont, and the unincorporated areas of Plainville and Williams' Meadow. The district can trace its founding to April 14, 1879. Title: Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Passage: The Cleveland Metroparks Zoo is a zoo in Cleveland, Ohio. The Zoo is divided into several areas: Australian Adventure; African Savanna; Northern Wilderness Trek, The Primate, Cat & Aquatics Building, Waterfowl Lake, The RainForest, and the newly added Asian Highlands. Cleveland Metroparks Zoo has one of the largest collections of primates in North America, The Zoo is a part of the Cleveland Metroparks system. Title: Turtle Back Zoo Passage: Turtle Back Zoo is a zoo in West Orange, New Jersey as part of the South Mountain Recreation Complex. Situated on in the South Mountain Reservation, it is part of the Essex County Park System, the oldest county park system in the United States. Founded in 1963, the zoo was originally a showcase for animals indigenous to the New York metropolitan area, but currently features species from every continent except Antarctica. As of 2016, it houses approximately 1400 animals, including several hundred birds in a free-flight aviary. Located adjacent to the Richard J. Codey Arena, former practice home of the New Jersey Devils, the zoo is open year-round, weather permitting. Title: Slaughterville, Oklahoma Passage: Slaughterville is a town in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, United States, and located in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 4,137. Title: Area code 432 Passage: North American area code 432 is a state of Texas telephone area code in the Permian Basin area of the state including the cities of Midland and Odessa. It was created, along with area code 325, on April 5, 2003 in a split from area code 915. Title: Killing of Harambe Passage: On September 18, 2014, Harambe was transferred to the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to learn adult gorilla behavior and join a new social group. Title: Cleveland Botanical Garden Passage: The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city. Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community. In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden. In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda. The expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003. Title: List of Ohio area codes Passage: Code Created Region 216 1947 Cleveland (October 1947) 234 2000 Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and Warren, overlay with 330 330 Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and Warren, overlay with 234 380 2016 Columbus, overlay with 614 (February 27, 2016) 419 1947 Northwest and north central Ohio including Toledo, Sandusky, and Ashland, overlay with 567 (October, 1947) 440 1997 Part of Northeast Ohio including parts of Cleveland (August 16, 1997) 513 1947 Southwest Ohio including Cincinnati (October, 1947) 567 1947 Northwest and north central Ohio including Toledo, Sandusky, and Ashland, overlay with 419 (January 1, 2002) 614 1947 Columbus (October, 1947) 740 1997 Central and southeastern Ohio except Columbus (December 6, 1997) 220 1997 Central and southeastern Ohio except Columbus (December 6, 1997) 937 Southwestern part of Ohio including Springfield, Dayton, public parts of Wright - Patterson Air Force Base, and areas north of Cincinnati (September 28, 1996) Title: Plzeň Zoo Passage: Plzeň Zoo, ("Zoologická a botanická zahrada města Plzně") is a Czech zoo, located in Plzeň in Czech Republic. After Liberec Zoo is the second oldest zoo in the Czech Republic, founded in 1926 on the river banks of the river Radbuza. Title: Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures Passage: The Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures are a collection of historically significant buildings at the Cincinnati Zoo in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. They were designated a National Historic Landmark on February 27, 1987. Title: Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Passage: Between 1955 and the transfer of management to the Cleveland Metroparks in 1975, the Zoo experienced rapid expansion despite setbacks due to flooding: the Zoo's reptile collection and several other buildings were lost when Big Creek overflowed in January 1959. Although the Zoo had recovered by 1962, it would not have another permanent reptile collection until the opening of the RainForest thirty years later. Construction began on the Primate & Cat Building in 1975 (the Aquatics section would be added in 1985), later followed by the RainForest in 1992, Wolf Wilderness in 1997, Australian Adventure in 2000, and the Sarah Allison Steffee Center for Zoological Medicine in 2004. The Zoo's official website states that it currently has 3,000 animal residents representing more than 600 different species. Title: Sheridan, California Passage: Sheridan is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States. It is located at the western edge of the county, along State Route 65. Sheridan is northwest of Lincoln. Its ZIP code is 95681 and area code 530. The elevation is . The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census. Title: Zoo Aquarium de Madrid Passage: The Madrid Zoo Aquarium is a zoo and aquarium located in the Casa de Campo in Madrid, Spain. The zoo is owned by the city, but is managed by the international entertainment operator Parques Reunidos. Opened in 1770, it is one of the largest zoos in Spain and one of the few zoos in the world that houses giant pandas.	[ "List of Ohio area codes", "Cleveland Metroparks Zoo" ]
How many troops did the Turks send to the city in Armenia where Russia has a military base?	30000	[]	Title: Middle Ages Passage: In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines regrouped and recovered somewhat, they never fully regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans. Title: Step (air base) Passage: Step (also Olovyannaya) is an air base in Chita, Russia located 14 km northwest of Yasnogorsk. It is a large air base with two revetment areas and numerous military fortifications. It is near an SS-11 missile field that was dismantled in the mid-1990s. Title: Tajikistan Passage: In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 soldiers, followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead. To date the country's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country's east, and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010. However, fighting erupted again in July 2012. In 2015 Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan, as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR (magazine online) Title: Myanmar Passage: Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with all top cabinet and ministry posts usually held by military officials. Official figures for military spending are not available. Estimates vary widely because of uncertain exchange rates, but Myanmar's military forces' expenses are high. Myanmar imports most of its weapons from Russia, Ukraine, China and India. Title: Eastern Front (World War I) Passage: This offensive was unanticipated by the Turks, as it was in the middle of winter. The Turkish situation was exacerbated by the Third Army's commander Kamil Pasha and Chief of Staff Major Guse absence. Coupled with an imbalance of forces -- the Russians had 325 000 troops, while the Turks only 78 000 -- the situation appeared grim for the Central Powers. After three months of fighting, the Russians captured the city of Trabzon on April 18, 1916. Title: Baghramyan, Ararat Passage: Baghramyan (), Bagramyan or Baghramian; formerly known as Bashnalu, is a village in the Ararat Province of Armenia. It is named after the Soviet Armenian military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union Hovhannes Baghramyan. Title: Persian Expedition of 1796 Passage: It was in that month that the Empress of Russia died and her successor Paul, who detested the Zubovs and had other plans for the army, ordered the troops to retreat back to Russia. This reversal aroused the frustration and enmity of the powerful Zubovs and other officers who took part in the campaign: many of them would be among the conspirators who arranged Paul's murder five years later. Title: Armenia Passage: Armenia was annexed by Bolshevist Russia and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) on 4 March 1922. With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars. In the agreement, Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır, all of which were part of Russian Armenia. Title: Smolensk North Airport Passage: Smolensk North Airport (Russian военный аэродром "Смоленск-Северный", "Smolensk North Military Aerodrome") is a decommissioned military airbase in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located 4 km north of the city of Smolensk. It is now used as Smolensk's sole airport for civil and military flights. It has a remote revetment area with 8 pads and a Yakovlev factory at the southeast side of the airfield, the Smolensk Aviation Plant. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the city. During the bombing raid, private Radoje Ljutovac fired his cannon at the enemy aircraft and successfully shot one down. It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries. The cannon Ljutovac used was not designed as an anti-aircraft gun, it was a slightly modified Turkish cannon captured during the First Balkan War in 1912. This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire. Title: Armenia Passage: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places. Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress). Title: Armenia Passage: Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through its Armenian diaspora. According to the US Census Bureau, there are 427,822 Armenians living in the country. Title: Armenia Passage: In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed. Title: Canadian Armed Forces Passage: The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War. Title: Crimean War Passage: In June 1854, the Allied expeditionary force landed at Varna, a city on the Black Sea's western coast (now in Bulgaria). They made little advance from their base there.:175–176 In July 1854, the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854, engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and conquered it. The capture of Giurgiu by the Turks immediately threatened Bucharest in Wallachia with capture by the same Turk army. On 26 July 1854, Tsar Nicholas I ordered the withdrawal of Russian troops from the Principalities. Also, in late July 1854, following up on the Russian retreat, the French staged an expedition against the Russian forces still in Dobruja, but this was a failure.:188–190 Title: Estonia Passage: Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years. Title: Artashat, Armenia Passage: Artashat (), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Ararat Province. It is located on the Araks River in the Ararat plain, 30 km southeast of Yerevan. Artashat was founded in 1945 by the Soviet government of Armenia and named after the nearby ancient city of Artashat. Title: Armenia Passage: The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid noble family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent Armenian principality in Northern and Eastern Armenia, known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. The noble family of Orbelians shared control with the Zakarids in various parts of the country, especially in Syunik and Vayots Dzor, while the Armenian family of Hasan-Jalalians controlled provinces of Artsakh and Utik as the Kingdom of Artsakh. Title: Crimean War Passage: 1853: There were four main events. 1. In the north the Turks captured the border fort of Saint Nicholas in a surprise night attack (27/28 October). They then pushed about 20000 troops across the Cholok River border. Being outnumbered the Russians abandoned Poti and Redut Kale and drew back to Marani. Both sides remained immobile for the next seven months. 2. In the center the Turks moved north from Ardahan to within cannon-shot of Akhaltsike and awaited reinforcements (13 November). The Russians routed them. The claimed losses were 4000 Turks and 400 Russians. 3. In the south about 30000 Turks slowly moved east to the main Russian concentration at Gyumri or Alexandropol (November). They crossed the border and set up artillery south of town. Prince Orbeliani tried to drive them off and found himself trapped. The Turks failed to press their advantage, the remaining Russians rescued Orbeliani and the Turks retired west. Orbeliani lost about 1000 men out of 5000. The Russians now decided to advance, the Turks took up a strong position on the Kars road and attacked. They were defeated in the battle of Başgedikler, losing 6000 men, half their artillery and all their supply train. The Russians lost 1300, including Prince Orbeliani. This was Prince Ellico Orbeliani whose wife was later kidnaped by Shamyl at Tsinandali. 4. At sea the Turks sent a fleet east which was destroyed by Admiral Nakhimov at Sinope. Title: Armenia Passage: Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.	[ "Crimean War", "Armenia" ]
What kind of family is the thrush from the country Kavisigamuwa?	Zoothera	[]	Title: Communications in Somalia Passage: In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection. Title: Dutch Water Dreams Passage: Dutch Water Dreams (also known as "DWD") is an Olympic artificial whitewater and surfing centre, near Zoetermeer in The Netherlands. It is the only course of its kind in the country. Title: In the Best Families Passage: In the Best Families (British title "Even in the Best Families") is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1950. The story was collected in the omnibus volumes "Five of a Kind" (Viking 1961) and "Triple Zeck" (Viking 1974). Title: Seekonk Speedway Passage: Seekonk Speedway is a family entertainment venue that features racing of all kinds on a semi-banked 1/3 mile asphalt-paved oval, located on U.S. Route 6 in Seekonk, Massachusetts. Title: Short-toed rock thrush Passage: The short-toed rock thrush ("Monticola brevipes") is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. Title: Kavisigamuwa Passage: Kavisigamuwa is a village in Kurunegala District in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. Kavisigamuwa is famous for the Deduru Oya anicut. Sri Gamini Central College is situated in Kavisigamuwa. Title: Lord Howe thrush Passage: The Lord Howe thrush ("Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus"), also known as vinous-tinted thrush or vinous-tinted blackbird, is an extinct subspecies of the island thrush ("Turdus poliocephalus"). It was endemic to Lord Howe Island, an Australian island in the Tasman Sea, where it was also called the doctor bird or ouzel by the islanders. Title: Bad Things (Jace Everett song) Passage: ``Bad Things ''Single by Jace Everett from the album Jace Everett Released 2005 Format Digital download Genre Country Length 2: 44 Label Epic Nashville Songwriter (s) Jace Everett Producer (s) Mark Wright Greg Droman Jace Everett singles chronology`` That's the Kind of Love I'm In'' (2005) ``Bad Things ''(2005)`` Nowhere in the Neighborhood'' (2006) ``That's the Kind of Love I'm In ''(2005)`` Bad Things'' (2005) ``Nowhere in the Neighborhood ''(2006) Title: Dog Passage: In Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors. The role of the dog in Chinese mythology includes a position as one of the twelve animals which cyclically represent years (the zodiacal dog). Title: Orlando Brown (actor) Passage: Orlando Brown (born December 4, 1987) is an American actor, voice actor, rapper and singer. He is best known for his roles as Eddie Thomas in That's So Raven, 3J in Family Matters, Tiger in Major Payne, Max in Two of a Kind, Damey Wayne in the short - lived Waynehead, Dobbs in Max Keeble's Big Move, and Frankie in Eddie's Million Dollar Cook - Off. Title: 1995 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix Passage: The 1995 FIVB World Grand Prix was the third women's volleyball tournament of its kind, played by eight countries from 18 August to 17 September 1995. The final round was staged in Shanghai. Title: Waitin' on Sundown Passage: Waitin' on Sundown is the third studio album of country music duo Brooks & Dunn. Released in 1994 on Arista Records, it produced the hit singles "She's Not the Cheatin' Kind", "I'll Never Forgive My Heart", "Little Miss Honky Tonk", "You're Gonna Miss Me When I'm Gone", and "Whiskey Under the Bridge". Respectively, these songs peaked at #1, #6, #1, #1, and #5 on the Hot Country Songs charts. Title: European Central Bank Passage: Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the ECB shoulder the burden of monetary expansion (and potential inflation) to save the weak member countries. Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced. This preference has typically led the ECB to argue that the weaker member countries must: Title: Buru thrush Passage: The Buru thrush ("Geokichla dumasi") is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to montane rainforest on Buru in Indonesia. Traditionally, it included the Seram thrush as a subspecies, in which case the common name of the 'combined species' was Moluccan thrush. Title: My Kind of Livin' Passage: My Kind of Livin' is the third studio album released by American country music artist Craig Morgan. His highest-selling album to date, it has been certified Gold in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Title: Sugartree Passage: Sugartree is the debut studio album by Swedish pop and country singer Jill Johnson. It was released in 1996 and It includes the singles "Shake the Sugartree" and "All Kinds of People". Title: Different Kind of Fire Passage: Different Kind of Fire is the second studio album by Canadian country music group Prairie Oyster. It was released by RCA Records on April 10, 1990 and served as their debut album in the United States. The album peaked at number 65 on the "RPM" Top Albums chart and number 61 on the "Billboard" Top Country Albums chart. Title: Sri Lanka thrush Passage: The Sri Lanka thrush or Sri Lanka scaly thrush ("Zoothera imbricata") is a member of the thrush family Turdidae. This bird is a non-migratory resident breeder found in south western wetlands of the island of Sri Lanka. Title: Henry T. Lynch Passage: Henry Thompson Lynch (January 4, 1928 – June 2, 2019) was an American physician noted for his discovery of familial susceptibility to certain kinds of cancer and his research into genetic links to cancer. Title: Searchin' for Some Kind of Clue Passage: "Searchin for Some Kind of Clue" is a song written by Nelson Larkin, Donny Kees and Pal Rakes, and recorded by American country music artist Billy Joe Royal. It was released in May 1990 as the first single from the album "Out of the Shadows". The song reached number 17 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.	[ "Kavisigamuwa", "Sri Lanka thrush" ]
What is another name for the entity that was given power to choose the president in 1824 by the document which gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?	the lower chamber of the United States Congress	[ "Legislature of the United States", "Congress", "United States Congress" ]	Title: Oklahoma Passage: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval. Title: Law of the United States Passage: Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of "fair competition." It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as "just and reasonable," "public interest" and "public convenience" suffice. Title: Federal government of the United States Passage: The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The president and vice president are elected as running mates by the Electoral College, for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in both houses of Congress. The president is limited to a maximum of two four - year terms. If the president has already served two years or more of a term to which some other person was elected, he or she may only serve one more additional four - year term. Title: Article One of the United States Constitution Passage: Section 1 is a vesting clause that bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress. Similar clauses are found in Articles II and III. The former confers executive power upon the President alone, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the federal judiciary. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people. Title: Federal Reserve Act Passage: The Federal Reserve Act (ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, enacted December 23, 1913, 12 U.S.C. § § 221 to 522) is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System (the central banking system of the United States), and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (commonly known as the US Dollar) as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. Title: Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passage: Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all citizens equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, at the White House. Title: Public Law 93-408 Passage: Public Law 93-408 is an American statute that established the Youth Conservation Corps (YCC). It was established in 1974 by the 93rd United States Congress and President Gerald Ford as Public Law 93-408, an act to amend the Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between "important" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that "a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details." Title: United States Congress Passage: Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause. Title: Election Commission of India Passage: The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The Commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country's higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Title: Law of the United States Passage: After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law. Public laws, but not private laws, are also given legal statutory citation by the OFR. At the end of each session of Congress, the slip laws are compiled into bound volumes called the United States Statutes at Large, and they are known as session laws. The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted. Title: United States Secret Service Passage: In 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees. In 1965 and 1968, Congress also authorized lifetime protection of the spouses of deceased presidents unless they remarry and of the children of former presidents until age 16. Title: Article One of the United States Constitution Passage: Although not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, Congress has also long asserted the power to investigate and the power to compel cooperation with an investigation. The Supreme Court has affirmed these powers as an implication of Congress's power to legislate. Since the power to investigate is an aspect of Congress's power to legislate, it is as broad as Congress's powers to legislate. However, it is also limited to inquiries that are ``in aid of the legislative function; ''Congress may not`` expose for the sake of exposure.'' It is uncontroversial that a proper subject of Congress's investigation power is the operations of the federal government, but Congress's ability to compel the submission of documents or testimony from the President or his subordinates is often - discussed and sometimes controversial (see executive privilege), although not often litigated. As a practical matter, the limitation of Congress's ability to investigate only for a proper purpose (``in aid of ''its legislative powers) functions as a limit on Congress's ability to investigate the private affairs of individual citizens; matters that simply demand action by another branch of government, without implicating an issue of public policy necessitating legislation by Congress, must be left to those branches due to the doctrine of separation of powers. The courts are highly deferential to Congress's exercise of its investigation powers, however. Congress has the power to investigate that which it could regulate, and the courts have interpreted Congress's regulatory powers broadly since the Great Depression. Title: 1824 United States presidential election Passage: The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote. Title: Powers of the United States Congress Passage: The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history. Title: Federal jurisdiction (United States) Passage: Article Four of the United States Constitution also states that the Congress has the power to enact laws respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States. Federal jurisdiction exists over any territory thus subject to laws enacted by the Congress. Title: Separation of powers Passage: In the United States Constitution, Article 1 Section I gives Congress only those ``legislative powers herein granted ''and proceeds to list those permissible actions in Article I Section 8, while Section 9 lists actions that are prohibited for Congress. The vesting clause in Article II places no limits on the Executive branch, simply stating that,`` The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.'' The Supreme Court holds ``The judicial Power ''according to Article III, and it established the implication of Judicial review in Marbury v. Madison under the Marshall court. Title: Article One of the United States Constitution Passage: Congress has several powers related to war and the armed forces. Under the War Powers Clause, only Congress may declare war, but in several cases it has, without declaring war, granted the President the authority to engage in military conflicts. Five wars have been declared in United States' history: the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I and World War II. Some historians argue that the legal doctrines and legislation passed during the operations against Pancho Villa constitute a sixth declaration of war. Congress may grant letters of marque and reprisal. Congress may establish and support the armed forces, but no appropriation made for the support of the army may be used for more than two years. This provision was inserted because the Framers feared the establishment of a standing army, beyond civilian control, during peacetime. Congress may regulate or call forth the state militias, but the states retain the authority to appoint officers and train personnel. Congress also has exclusive power to make rules and regulations governing the land and naval forces. Although the executive branch and the Pentagon have asserted an ever - increasing measure of involvement in this process, the U.S. Supreme Court has often reaffirmed Congress's exclusive hold on this power (e.g. Burns v. Wilson, 346 U.S. 137 (1953)). Congress used this power twice soon after World War II with the enactment of two statutes: the Uniform Code of Military Justice to improve the quality and fairness of courts martial and military justice, and the Federal Tort Claims Act which among other rights had allowed military service persons to sue for damages until the U.S. Supreme Court repealed that section of the statute in a divisive series of cases, known collectively as the Feres Doctrine. Title: United States House of Representatives Passage: The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they compose the legislature of the United States.	[ "Law of the United States", "1824 United States presidential election", "United States House of Representatives" ]
What leader sponsored the expedition that discovered the country that contains Praia?	Prince Henry the Navigator	[]	Title: Melba Peninsula Passage: Melba Peninsula is a broad, ice-covered peninsula between Reid Glacier and the Bay of Winds, fronting on Shackleton Ice Shelf, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14, who named it for Dame Nellie Melba of Melbourne, a patron of the expedition. Title: Académica da Praia Passage: Associação Académica da Praia is a football club that plays in the Premier division of the Santiago Island League (South) in Cape Verde. It is played along with Praia's three other famous teams in Estádio da Varzea, the club also practices at the stadium and over a kilometer east in Achada Grande Frente (or Leite). Its current president is Kiki and manager is Janito Carvalho who coached Sporting Praia in the previous season. Title: Middle Ages Passage: In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island. Title: 1922 British Mount Everest expedition Passage: The 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition had seen the whole eastern and northern surroundings of the mountain. In searching for the easiest route, George Mallory, who was also a participant of the 1924 expedition (and the only person on all three expeditions in 1921, 1922 and 1924), had discovered a route which, according to his opinion, would allow an attempt on the summit. Title: Leopold and Astrid Coast Passage: The Leopold and Astrid Coast () is that portion of the coast of Antarctica lying between the western extremity of the West Ice Shelf, at 81°24′E, and Cape Penck, at 87°43′E. It is located in the eastern half of Princess Elizabeth Land. It was discovered and explored in an airplane flight from the Norwegian ship "Thorshavn" on January 17, 1934, by Lieutenant Alf Gunnestad and Captain Nils Larsen. The coast was named by Lars Christensen, Norwegian whaling magnate and leader of the expedition, for King Leopold and Queen Astrid of Belgium. Title: Rosenthal Islands Passage: The Rosenthal Islands are a group of islands fringing the west coast of Anvers Island, north of Cape Monaco, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The largest of them is Gerlache Island. Discovered by the German expedition 1873-74, under Dallmann, and named by him for Albert Rosenthal, Director of the Society for Polar Navigation who, with the society, sponsored the expedition. Title: Cape Lancaster Passage: Cape Lancaster () is a cape forming the southern extremity of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74. The cape was later sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, who named it for Albert Lancaster, Scientific Director of the Meteorological Service of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and a supporter of the expedition. Title: Praia do Túnel (Peneco) Passage: Praia do Túnel is a beach on the Atlantic south coast of the Algarve, in the town of Albufeira which is within the Municipality of Albufeira, Portugal. The beach is also known as "Praia do Peneco" and is one of the two beaches which front the town of "Albufeira" with "Praia do Túnel" at the western end and "Praia dos Pescadores" lying to the eastern end of the towns seafront. The town and its beaches are located west by road of the regions capital of Faro. Title: Mount Liotard Passage: Mount Liotard () is a mountain having a conspicuous ice-covered peak, high, standing midway between Mount Gaudry and Mount Ditte in the south part of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was discovered and first surveyed by the Fourth French Antarctic Expedition in 1909. It was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Andre F. Liotard, a French observer with the FIDS in 1947–48 and the leader of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1949–51. Title: Mount Longhurst Passage: Mount Longhurst () is a prominent mountain, high, standing west of Mill Mountain and forming the highest point of Festive Plateau in the Cook Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) and named for Cyril Longhurst, secretary of the expedition. Title: Northcliffe Glacier Passage: Northcliffe Glacier () is a glacier descending to the coast immediately east of Davis Peninsula, in Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911–14, under Mawson, and named for Lord Northcliffe, of London, a patron of the expedition. Title: School prayer Passage: School prayer, in the context of religious liberty, is state - sanctioned or mandatory prayer by students in public schools. Depending on the country and the type of school, state - sponsored prayer may be required, permitted, or prohibited. Countries which prohibit or limit school prayer often differ in their reasons for doing so: In the United States, school prayer can not be required of students in accordance with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In Canada, school - sponsored prayer is disallowed under the concept of Freedom of conscience as outlined in the Canadian Charter on Rights & Fundamental Freedoms. School - sponsored prayer is disallowed in France as a byproduct of its status as a laïcist (religiously neutral) nation. Countries that allow or require school and other state - sponsored prayer include Greece, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Australia, Italy and the United Kingdom. Title: Archer Point Passage: Archer Point () is a rocky headland on the coast marking the west side of Harald Bay, Antarctica. It was discovered in February 1911 by Lieutenant H.L.L. Pennell, Royal Navy, in the Terra Nova, expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Robert Falcon Scott, and named after W.W. Archer, chief steward of the expedition. Title: Gorev Island Passage: Gorev Island () is a small island lying between Buromskiy Island and Poryadin Island in the Haswell Islands, Antarctica. It was discovered and mapped by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14. It was remapped by the Soviet expedition of 1956, and named by them for Demetri Gorev, a member of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Robert Falcon Scott. Title: Liouville Point Passage: Liouville Point () is a point marking the northeast end of Petermann Island, in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for J. Liouville, assistant medical officer and zoologist of the expedition. Title: Manoury Island Passage: Manoury Island is an island lying south of Gand Island at the north end of Schollaert Channel, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for G. Manoury, secretary of the expedition. Title: Radio Hill Passage: Radio Hill () is a hill rising to 50 m, standing 0.4 nautical miles (0.7 km) southwest of Mabus Point on the coast of Antarctica. Discovered and first mapped by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911-14. Remapped and named by the Soviet expedition of 1956. Title: Praia, Cape Verde (municipality) Passage: Praia is a "concelho" (municipality) of Cape Verde. It is situated in the southern part of the island of Santiago. Its seat is the city Praia, the capital of Cape Verde. Its area is , and its population was 131,719 at the 2010 census. The municipality consists of one "freguesia" (civil parish), Nossa Senhora da Graça. The city hall is located in the Platô part of the city. Title: Andorinha Sport Club Passage: Andorinha Sport Club is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the neighbourhood of Ponta Mina near Praia Cruz in the island of São Tomé. Title: Gould Peak Passage: Gould Peak () is a peak standing north of Tennant Peak in the southern group of the Rockefeller Mountains, on Edward VII Peninsula in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition in 1929, and named by Richard E. Byrd for Charles ("Chips") Gould, a carpenter on the expedition.	[ "Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)", "Middle Ages" ]
How many records have been sold worldwide by the band that Chris Broderick belongs to?	38 million	[]	Title: Now and Then (Chris de Burgh album) Passage: Now And Then is a 2008 compilation album by Chris de Burgh, containing many of his greatest hits, plus some album tracks. It was released on UMTV Records on April 21, 2008. Title: Chris Broderick Passage: Christopher Alan "Chris" Broderick (born March 6, 1970) is an American musician, best known as the former guitarist of the American heavy metal band Megadeth. He is also formerly the lead guitarist and keyboardist for Jag Panzer, appearing on four of Jag Panzer's albums "The Age of Mastery", "Thane to the Throne" (a concept album about Shakespeare's "Macbeth"), "Mechanized Warfare" and "Casting the Stones" before moving on to Megadeth, replacing Glen Drover. Before joining Megadeth and while still in Jag Panzer, he was also a touring guitarist for Nevermore between 2001 and 2003 and then again between 2006 and 2007. He is now the lead guitarist for Act of Defiance, which he formed with fellow ex-Megadeth bandmate, Shawn Drover. Title: Chris Connor (album) Passage: Chris Connor is an album by jazz singer Chris Connor. Atlantic Records released the album, Connor's first for the label, in 1956. The recording was Atlantic's first jazz vocal LP record. Title: Rage Against the Machine Passage: Rage Against the Machine is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1991, the group consists of vocalist Zack de la Rocha, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford, guitarist Tom Morello, and drummer Brad Wilk. Rage Against the Machine is well known for the members' revolutionary political views, which are expressed in many of the band's songs. As of 2010, they had sold over 16 million records worldwide. Title: Automatic for the People Passage: Automatic for the People is the eighth studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released on October 5, 1992 by Warner Bros. Records. Upon release, it reached number two on the US albums chart and yielded six singles. The album has sold 18 million copies worldwide, and has received widespread acclaim by critics. Title: The Last Don (album) Passage: The Last Don is Don Omar's solo debut album. It was released in 2003 and included collaborations from artists such as: Daddy Yankee, Héctor & Tito, Trebol Clan, among others. The Last Don sold over 300,000 units in South America and eventually over 1,000,000 units worldwide. Both "The Last Don" and "The Last Don (Live)" have been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and together, they've sold over 4.5 million copies worldwide. Title: The Parody Album Passage: The Parody Album is the debut album by DJ Chris Moyles, host of "The Chris Moyles Show" on BBC Radio 1. It was released on 23 November 2009 and charted at number 17 in the UK Official Album Chart and has since sold over 100,000 copies. Title: United Abominations Passage: United Abominations is the eleventh studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth. Released on May 15, 2007, "United Abominations" is the first Megadeth release distributed through Roadrunner Records and, with the exception of the band's frontman Dave Mustaine, was recorded with an all-new line-up. While touring to promote the album, guitarist Glen Drover left the band for personal reasons and was replaced by Chris Broderick, leaving this as the only Megadeth studio album to which he contributed. Title: It Miek Passage: It Mek (sometimes appearing as "It Mek" or "A It Mek") was a 1969 hit song by the Jamaican musicians Desmond Dekker & the Aces. After being re-released in June 1969, the single reached number 7 in the UK Singles Chart. The track was written by Dekker (under his real name of Desmond Dacres) and his record producer, Leslie Kong, and was recorded in Jamaica with the brass accompaniment added in the UK. It spent eleven weeks in the UK chart, and by September 1970 had sold over a million copies worldwide. A gold record was presented by Ember Records, the distributors of Dekker's recordings. Title: George Michael Passage: George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou; 25 June 1963 – 25 December 2016) was an English singer, songwriter, record producer, and philanthropist who rose to fame as a member of the music duo Wham! and later embarked on a solo career. Michael has sold over 115 million records worldwide making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He achieved seven number one songs on the UK Singles Chart and eight number one songs on the US Billboard Hot 100. He was widely known for his success in the 1980s and 1990s, including Wham! singles such as "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" and "Last Christmas" and solo singles such as "Careless Whisper" and "Faith". Title: Pau-Latina Passage: Pau-Latina is the seventh studio album by Mexican recording artist Paulina Rubio, released on February 10, 2004 by Universal Music Mexico. The album sold more than 1 million copies worldwide. Title: Megadeth Passage: Megadeth has sold over 38 million records worldwide, earned platinum certification in the United States for five of its fifteen studio albums, and received twelve Grammy nominations. Megadeth won its first Grammy Award in 2017 for the song "Dystopia" in the Best Metal Performance category. The band's mascot, Vic Rattlehead, regularly appears on album artwork and live shows. The group has drawn controversy for its music and lyrics, including album bans and canceled concerts; MTV refused to play two of the band's music videos that the network considered to condone suicide. Title: Admiral Twin Passage: Admiral Twin released their debut CD, Unlucky, in December 1997 on independent New Pop Revival Records. The band consisted of Brad Becker (vocals, guitar, keyboards, and more), Mark Carr (vocals, bass), Jarrod Gollihare (vocals, drums), and John Russell (vocals, guitar). All of the members are also songwriters. In support of Unlucky, they toured with local Tulsa pop - stars, Hanson, as the opening act on the Albertane Tour in the summer of 1998, playing to sold out crowds and many thousands of fans. Title: Atwater Afternoon Passage: Atwater Afternoon was a limited edition CD released by the band American Music Club and initially sold on the tour to promote their album "The Golden Age". Half of it was a recording of the band rehearsing songs for the tour and the other half was studio recordings of new songs. The initial run of 300 copies came with either blank covers or covers featuring pictures drawn by the band members. Once these had sold out, it was repressed in an edition of 1500 and sold from the band's web site. Two of the original songs on the album were written by members of the band other than Mark Eitzel. Neither has been released elsewhere. The name of the album relates to the area in Los Angeles where the recording took place. Title: Snow Patrol Passage: During the course of their career, Snow Patrol have won seven Meteor Ireland Music Awards and have been nominated for six Brit Awards. Since the release of Final Straw, the band have sold over 16 million records worldwide. Title: Queen (band) Passage: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll. Title: Prince albums discography Passage: Prince has sold over 100 million records worldwide, including 48.9 million certified units in the United States, and over 10 million records in the United Kingdom. Prince has been ranked as the 21st most successful act of all time, the 26th most successful chart artist worldwide, including 27 overall number - one entries, and being the most successful chart act of the 1980s, and tenth most successful chart act of the 1990s. Title: Limón y Sal Passage: Limón y Sal ("Lemon and Salt") is the title of the fourth studio album released by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. It was recorded in Buenos Aires, Argentina and first released in Mexico on May 30, 2006 and in the United States on June 6, 2006. To date the album has sold over 4.5 million copies worldwide. Title: Strange Clouds (song) Passage: "Strange Clouds" is a song by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B, featuring fellow American rapper Lil Wayne and produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut. The song was announced by Atlantic Records to be released on iTunes on September 27, 2011. The song serves as the lead single from his second studio album of the same name. In its first week, it sold 197,000 digital copies, debuting at #7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The song has sold over 1.3 million digital copies worldwide. Title: Rooms of the Magnificent Passage: Rooms of the Magnificent is the second solo album by Australian guitarist and songwriter Ed Kuepper recorded in 1986 and released on the Hot label. The album reunited Kuepper with members of the Laughing Clowns and featured pianist Chris Abrahams of The Necks.	[ "Megadeth", "Chris Broderick" ]
What is Crawford house, in the city where the Given Day is set, and the state where wellesley college is located in mona lisa smile, an instance of?	hotels	[ "Hotel", "hotel" ]	Title: Jane Unrue Passage: Jane Unrue is an American writer and educator. She was born in Columbus, Ohio, grew up in Las Vegas, Nevada, and graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (B.A.) and Brown University (M.F.A.). She has taught at Emerson College, Boston College, and Wellesley College, and currently teaches at Harvard University, where she directs the Harvard Scholars at Risk (SAR) Program and chairs the Freedom to Write Committee board for PEN New England. Title: Vices & Virtues Passage: No. Title Writer (s) Producer (s) Length 1. ``The Ballad of Mona Lisa ''Brendon Urie Spencer Smith Butch Walker John Feldmann Walker Feldmann 3: 47 2.`` Let's Kill Tonight'' Urie Smith Walker 3: 33 3. ``Hurricane ''Urie Smith Feldmann Walker Feldmann 4: 25 4.`` Memories'' Urie Smith Feldmann Walker 3: 26 5. ``Trade Mistakes ''Urie Smith Feldmann Walker Feldmann 3: 36 6.`` Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)'' Urie Smith Walker 3: 37 7. ``Always ''Urie Smith Feldmann Walker Feldmann 2: 34 8.`` The Calendar'' Urie Smith Feldmann Walker Feldmann 4: 43 9. ``Sarah Smiles ''Urie Smith Feldmann Walker Feldmann 3: 33 10.`` Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)'' Urie Smith Ryan Ross Walker Feldmann Urie 4: 16 Total length: 38: 02 Title: Carol Strickland Passage: Strickland graduated from Rhodes College in Memphis (Tennessee) in 1968. She studied English literature and earned a PhD from the University of Michigan in 1973. She taught at various universities during the 1980, such as Rutgers University and the State University of New York in Stony Brook. During a sabbatical in Geneva, Switzerland, she began writing widely on contemporary art. Having returned to the United States, she regularly published articles in The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal, but also for magazines, such as The Nation and Art & Antiques. Her articles are mainly focused on art and architecture. She is also the author of "The Annotated Mona Lisa" and "The Annotated Arch". "The Annotated Mona Lisa" includes articles on art history and architectural history from antiquity to the post-modern period. It has been translated in various languages. Title: Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts) Passage: The Crawford House was a hotel and restaurant in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Located on Court and Brattle Streets in Scollay Square, it was in operation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was for a time among the leading hotels in the city. The building was demolished in 1962 as part of the Government Center project. Title: Mona Lisa Passage: The Mona Lisa (/ ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə /; Italian: Monna Lisa (ˈmɔnna ˈliːza) or La Gioconda (la dʒoˈkonda), French: La Joconde (la ʒɔkɔ̃d)) is a half - length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as ``the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world ''. The Mona Lisa is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962, which is worth nearly $800 million in 2017. Title: Boston Passage: Smaller private schools include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College. Title: Patrick Cobbold Passage: He was educated with his elder brother John at Wellesley House and Eton College. He was 10 when their father, Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Cobbold, was killed in the Guards Chapel, London, on 19 June 1944 when a flying bomb (V1) hit the Chapel during the Sunday morning service. Title: L.H.O.O.Q. Passage: L.H.O.O.Q. (French pronunciation: (ɛl aʃ oo ky)) is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp. First conceived in 1919, the work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically a rectified ready - made. The readymade involves taking mundane, often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and transforming them, by adding to them, changing them, or (as in the case of his most famous work Fountain) simply renaming them and placing them in a gallery setting. In L.H.O.O.Q. the objet trouvé (``found object '') is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title. Title: List of universities in England Passage: As of August 2017, there were 106 universities in England and 5 university colleges out of a total of around 130 in the United Kingdom. This includes private universities but does not include other Higher Education Institutions that have not been given the right to call themselves ``university ''or`` university college'' by the Privy Council or Companies House (e.g. colleges of higher education), or colleges of the University of London. Title: Pokhran-II Passage: The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974. Title: Mary Rockwell Hook Passage: Mary Rockwell (later Hook) graduated from Wellesley College in 1900. According to Hook's autobiography, she decided to become an architect after a 1902 family trip abroad: Title: Museum of Old and New Art Passage: The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) is an art museum located within the Moorilla winery on the Berriedale peninsula in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is the largest privately funded museum in the Southern Hemisphere. MONA houses ancient, modern and contemporary art from the David Walsh collection. Noted for its central themes of sex and death, the museum has been described by Walsh as a "subversive adult Disneyland." Title: The Given Day Passage: The Given Day is a novel by American writer Dennis Lehane published in September 2008; it is about the early twentieth-century period and set in Boston, Massachusetts, where its actions include the 1919 police strike, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, where the thriving Greenwood District was known as the "Black Wall Street". Title: Mona Lisa Passage: The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world." The "Mona Lisa" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 (equivalent to $ million in ). Title: Mona Lisa Passage: Mona Lisa Italian: La Gioconda, French: La Joconde Artist Leonardo da Vinci Year c. 1503 -- 06, perhaps continuing until c. 1517 Medium Oil on poplar panel Subject Lisa Gherardini 77 cm × 53 cm (30 in × 21 in) Location Musée du Louvre, Paris Title: Mona Lisa Smile Passage: In 1953, Katherine Ann Watson (Julia Roberts), a 30 - year - old graduate student in the department of Art History at UCLA, takes a position teaching ``History of Art ''at Wellesley College, a conservative women's private liberal arts college in Massachusetts. At her first class, Katherine discovers that her students have already memorized the entire textbook and syllabus, so she uses the classes to introduce them to Modern Art and encourages discussion about topics such as what makes good art. Katherine comes to know her students and seeks to inspire them to achieve more than marriage to eligible young men. Title: Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington Passage: Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington (Apsley House, 5 April 1846 – 8 June 1900, Strathfieldsaye) was a British peer and Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Lord Charles Wellesley and grandson of the 1st Duke of Wellington. Title: The Scream Passage: The Scream (Norwegian: Skrik) is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by Norwegian Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910. The German title Munch gave these works is Der Schrei der Natur (The Scream of Nature). The works show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky. Arthur Lubow has described The Scream as ``an icon of modern art, a Mona Lisa for our time. '' Title: Mona Lisa's Revenge Passage: Mona Lisa's Revenge is a two-part story of "The Sarah Jane Adventures" which was broadcast on CBBC on 12 and 13 November 2009. It is the fifth serial of the third series. Title: Mona Lisa Smile Passage: Mona Lisa Smile is a 2003 American drama film produced by Revolution Studios and Columbia Pictures in association with Red Om Films Productions, directed by Mike Newell, written by Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal, and starring Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, Julia Stiles and Maggie Gyllenhaal. The title is a reference to the "Mona Lisa", the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci, and to the song of the same name, originally performed by Nat King Cole, which was covered by Seal for the movie. Julia Roberts received a record $25 million for her performance, the highest ever earned by an actress at that time.	[ "The Given Day", "Crawford House (Boston, Massachusetts)", "Mona Lisa Smile" ]
Who is the current mayor of the city where Bailey Gatzert died?	Ed Murray	[]	Title: The Baileys of Balboa Passage: The Baileys of Balboa is an American sitcom that appeared on CBS in the 1964-1965 season on Thursdays at 9:30pm ET. The series lasted only one 26-episode season (due to its competition on Thursday nights with ABC's highly successful twice-weekly soap opera, "Peyton Place"). The show was directed by Gary Nelson and Bob Sweeney. Title: 9th Empire Awards Passage: The 9th Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Sony Ericsson Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine "Empire", honored the best films of 2003 and took place on 4 February 2004 at The Dorchester Hotel in London, England. During the ceremony, "Empire" presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as three honorary awards. The Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed to Career Achievement Award this year but was reverted to its former name at its next and last presentation. The ceremony was televised live in the United Kingdom by Sky Movies 1 with highlights and exclusive backstage interviews airing on Sky One Mix on 5 February. English actor Bill Bailey hosted the show for the first time. The awards were sponsored by Sony Ericsson for the second consecutive year. Title: Mount Bailey (Oregon) Passage: Mount Bailey is a relatively young tephra cone and shield volcano in the Cascade Range, located on the opposite side of Diamond Lake from Mount Thielsen in southern Oregon, United States. Bailey consists of a -high main cone on top of an old basaltic andesite shield volcano. With a volume of , Mount Bailey is slightly smaller than neighboring Diamond Peak. Mount Bailey is a popular destination for recreational activities. Well known in the Pacific Northwest region as a haven for skiing in the winter months, the mountain's transportation, instead of a conventional chairlift, is provided by snowcats—treaded, tractor-like vehicles that can ascend Bailey's steep, snow-covered slopes and carry skiers to the higher reaches of the mountain. In the summer months, a hiking trail gives foot access to Bailey's summit. Title: Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus Passage: Independently of Castello and Coup, James Anthony Bailey had teamed up with James E. Cooper to create the Cooper and Bailey Circus in the 1860s. The Cooper and Bailey Circus became the chief competitor to Barnum's circus. As Bailey's circus was outperforming his, Barnum sought to merge the circuses. The two groups agreed to combine their shows on March 28, 1881. Initially named ``P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show On Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United '', it was eventually shortened to`` Barnum and Bailey's Circus''. Bailey was instrumental in acquiring Jumbo, advertised as the world's largest elephant, for the show. Barnum died in 1891 and Bailey then purchased the circus from his widow. Bailey continued touring the eastern United States until he took his circus to Europe. That tour started on December 27, 1897, and lasted until 1902. Title: Justin Bailey Passage: Justin Bailey (born July 1, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bailey grew up in Williamsville, New York, a suburb of Buffalo. Title: RuPaul's Drag Race Passage: RuPaul's Drag Race Genre Reality competition Directed by Nick Murray Judges RuPaul Merle Ginsberg Santino Rice Michelle Visage Billy Brasfield Ross Mathews Carson Kressley Theme music composer RuPaul Opening theme ``RuPaul's Drag Race ''theme (season 1 -- present) Ending theme`` Cover Girl (Put the Bass In Walk)'' (season 1) ``Jealous of My Boogie ''(season 2)`` Main Event'' (season 3) ``The Beginning ''(season 4 -- 5)`` Dance with U'' (season 6) ``Fly Tonight ''(season 7)`` Die Tomorrow'' (season 8) ``Be Someone ''&`` Kitty Girl'' (season 9) ``Rock It (To The Moon) ''(season 10) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 10 No. of episodes 118 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Fenton Bailey Randy Barbato Tom Campbell RuPaul Steven Corfe Pamela Post Mandy Salangsang Chris McKim Camera setup Multiple Running time 42 -- 60 minutes Production company (s) World of Wonder Distributor Passion Distribution Release Original network Logo VH1 Picture format NTSC 480i HDTV 1080i Original release February 2, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 02) -- present (present) Chronology Related shows RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars RuPaul's Drag U External links Website Title: New York City Passage: The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014. Title: It's a Wonderful Life Passage: James Stewart as George Bailey Donna Reed as Mary Hatch Bailey Henry Travers as Clarence Odbody Lionel Barrymore as Mr. Henry F. Potter Thomas Mitchell as Uncle Billy Bailey Beulah Bondi as Ma Bailey Frank Faylen as Ernie Bishop, the cab driver Ward Bond as Bert, the cop Gloria Grahame as Violet Bick H.B. Warner as Mr. Emil Gower Todd Karns as Harry Bailey Samuel S. Hinds as father Peter ``Pop ''Bailey Lillian Randolph as Annie, maid Frank Albertson as Sam Wainwright Virginia Patton as Ruth Dakin Bailey, Harry's wife Mary Treen as Cousin Tilly, employee Charles Williams as Cousin Eustace, employee Sarah Edwards as Mrs. Hatch, Mary's mother William Edmunds as Mr. Giuseppe Martini Argentina Brunetti as Mrs. Martini Bobby Anderson as Little George Bailey Ronnie Ralph as Little Sam Wainwright Jean Gale as Little Mary Hatch Ray Walker as Joe Jeanine Ann Roose as Little Violet Bick Title: Albert Zahn House Passage: The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Title: Todd Karns Passage: Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 -- February 5, 2000) was an American actor perhaps best remembered for playing Harry Bailey, the younger brother of George Bailey in the Christmas classic film It's a Wonderful Life. Title: Cincinnati Passage: The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers. Title: Baileys Irish Cream Passage: Baileys Irish Cream was created by Gilbeys of Ireland, a division of International Distillers & Vintners, as it searched for something to introduce to the international market. The process of finding a product began in 1971 and it was introduced in 1974 as the first Irish cream on the market. The Baileys name was granted permission by John Chesterman after Gilbeys asked to use the name from a restaurant that John Chesterman owned. The fictional R.A. Bailey signature was inspired by the Bailey's Hotel in London, though the registered trademark omits the apostrophe. Baileys is produced in Dublin and Mallusk (Northern Ireland). Title: Bailey (surname) Passage: Bailey is an occupational surname of English origin. Bailey is the 58th most common surname in England and is most commonly found in Jamaica. Title: Janine Kunze Passage: Janine Kunze (20 March 1974 in Cologne) is a German actress and presenter. She was and is active in many television series. Her breakthrough she achieve in the comedy series Hausmeister Krause – Ordnung muss sein. Later she was in the series Die Rote Meile, Balko, Barfuss, The Comedy Trap, Clueless Genius - The Comedy Arena and Extreme Activity to see. Her breakthrough achieved in the comedy series Die Dreisten Drei, in which she participated 2007 and 2008. There she replaced Mirja Boes. 2011 she moderated along with Daniel Aminati the second season of Die Alm. Title: Bailey Gatzert Passage: Bailey Gatzert (December 29, 1829 – April 19, 1893) was an American politician and the eighth mayor of Seattle, Washington, serving from 1875 to 1876. He was the first Jewish mayor of Seattle, narrowly missing being the first Jewish mayor of a major American city (Moses Bloom became mayor of Iowa City, Iowa, in 1873), and has been the only Jewish mayor of Seattle to date. Title: Place the Face Passage: Place the Face is an American game show that aired on CBS and NBC from 1953 to 1955. The series was hosted by Jack Smith, Jack Bailey, and then Bill Cullen. Jack Narz was the announcer. Title: Dufferin Street bridges Passage: The Dufferin Street bridges are two inter-connected vehicular bridges in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The bridges carry Dufferin Street over a railway corridor and the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Place. The bridges closed to vehicular traffic in 2013. Temporary structures, namely Bailey bridges over the railway tracks, will be built in 2013-2014 to allow a resumption of traffic in early 2014. Beginning in 2016 the bridges will be completely rebuilt to allow more tracks to cross underneath and create a single span to the CNE grounds. As of March 2019 the spans over the Gardiner Expressway remain in place and the bailey bridges replacing the older outer pedestrian bridges of the northern span with the inner vehicular steel plate box girder bridge still in place. Title: On Our Selection (1912 play) Passage: On Our Selection is a 1912 Australian play by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan based on the stories of Steele Rudd. Bailey played Dad Rudd in the original production. Title: Nanjing Passage: At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary. Title: Seattle Passage: Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.	[ "Seattle", "Bailey Gatzert" ]
When was the Stone of Destiny returned to the country that Chopin was invited to by the woman who paid for his funeral?	30 November 1996	[]	Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin "must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation." Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: The British Library notes that "Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era." The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin. Title: Stone of Scone Passage: In 1996, in a symbolic response to growing dissatisfaction among Scots at the prevailing constitutional settlement, the British Government decided that the stone should be kept in Scotland when not in use at coronations. On 3 July 1996, it was announced in the House of Commons that the stone would be returned to Scotland, and on 15 November 1996, after a handover ceremony at the border between representatives of the Home Office and of the Scottish Office, it was transported to Edinburgh Castle. The stone arrived in the Castle on 30 November 1996, St Andrew's Day, where the official handover ceremony occurred. Prince Andrew, Duke of York, representing Queen Elizabeth II, formally handed over the Royal Warrant transferring the stone into the safekeeping of the Commissioners for the Regalia. It currently remains alongside the crown jewels of Scotland, the Honours of Scotland, in the Crown Room. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits, while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain. As the composer's illness progressed, Sand had become less of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin, whom she called her "third child". In letters to third parties, she vented her impatience, referring to him as a "child," a "little angel", a "sufferer" and a "beloved little corpse." In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani, whose main characters—a rich actress and a prince in weak health—could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin, who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer's galleys. In 1847 he did not visit Nohant, and he quietly ended their ten-year relationship following an angry correspondence which, in Sand's words, made "a strange conclusion to nine years of exclusive friendship." The two would never meet again. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin "felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Édouard Wolff (1816–1880) and Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life." Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's "general factotum and copyist". Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzymała: "I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much." He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him "hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy and aristocratic who paid what Chopin asked for their lessons"—and these factors, as well as his musical genius, also fuelled his contemporary and later reputation. While his illness and his love-affairs conform to some of the stereotypes of romanticism, the rarity of his public recitals (as opposed to performances at fashionable Paris soirées) led Arthur Hutchings to suggest that "his lack of Byronic flamboyance [and] his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional" among his romantic contemporaries, such as Liszt and Henri Herz.	[ "Stone of Scone", "Frédéric Chopin" ]
Which county shares a border with the county Elisha Reynolds Potter was born in?	Greene County	[]	Title: RJR Nabisco Passage: RJR Nabisco, Inc., was an American conglomerate, selling tobacco and food products, headquartered in the Calyon Building in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. RJR Nabisco stopped operating as a single entity in 1999; however, both RJR (as R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) and Nabisco (now part of Mondelēz International) still exist. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Enterprise, Northwest Territories Passage: Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River. Title: Minsk Voivodeship Passage: Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: Kingston (town), New York Passage: Kingston is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The Town of Kingston is in the northeast part of Ulster County, north of the City of Kingston. Kingston is inside the Catskill Park. The population was 889 at the 2010 census. Title: Dallol (woreda) Passage: Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Kingdom of Gera Passage: The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera. Title: Humanism Passage: Active in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work "humanism" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. Potter was a minister from the Unitarian tradition and in 1930 he and his wife, Clara Cook Potter, published Humanism: A New Religion. Throughout the 1930s, Potter was an advocate of such liberal causes as, women’s rights, access to birth control, "civil divorce laws", and an end to capital punishment. Title: Pidkamin Passage: Pidkamin (, ) is an urban-type settlement in Brody Raion (district), Lviv oblast in Ukraine. It is located near the administrative border of three oblasts, Lviv, Rivne, and Ternopil. Population: Title: Elisha R. Potter Passage: Elisha Reynolds Potter (June 20, 1811 – April 10, 1882) was a politician and jurist from Kingston, Rhode Island. He was a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court, and served one term in the United States House of Representatives. Title: Chichester, New York Passage: The hamlet of Chichester, New York, formerly referred to as Chichesterville, is one of the northernmost communities in the town of Shandaken, New York, being right next to the borderline between Ulster County and Greene County. Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Northern Territory Passage: The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Harry Potter (film series) Passage: Harry Potter is a British - American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J.K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 (2011). A spin - off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:	[ "Chichester, New York", "Kingston (town), New York", "Elisha R. Potter" ]
Who is chief justice of the country Kokonte is from?	Sophia Akuffo	[]	Title: Nathaniel Chipman Passage: Nathaniel Chipman (November 15, 1752 – February 13, 1843) was a Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont and a United States Senator from Vermont. Title: Cayetano Arellano Passage: Cayetano Arellano y Lonzón (March 2, 1847 – December 23, 1920) was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil Government. Cayetano Arellano had occupied a high position in Aguinaldo's government. He worked with the Americans under General Otis and re-establish the Audiencia Territorial, and renamed it the Supreme Court. He was Chief Justice from 1901 until his retirement on April 12, 1920, making him the longest serving Chief Justice. Title: Government of the Philippines Passage: The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines and lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines. The sitting Chief Justice is Maria Lourdes Sereno, the 24th to serve in that position... Title: James Beveridge Thomson Passage: Sir James Beveridge Thomson, KBE, SMN, PMN, PJK (24 March 1902 – 31 March 1983), was a Scottish jurist and barrister who was the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Malaysia. He was also Chief Justice of Fiji. Title: Dipak Misra Passage: Justice Dipak Misra (born 3 October 1953) is the Chief Justice of India. He is the 45th Chief Justice of India (CJI), succeeding the 44th CJI, Justice J.S. Khehar. He is a judge of the Supreme Court of India and a former Chief Justice of the Patna and Delhi High Courts. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Mishra, who was the 21st CJI during 1990 - 91. He hails from the State of Odisha. Title: Chief Justice of Pakistan Passage: The first Chief Justice was Sir Abdul Rashid. As of May 2018, the Chief Justice was Mian Saqib Nisar; incumbent since 31 December 2016. Title: William Henry Solomon Passage: Sir William Henry Solomon (1852-1930) was a judge of the Appellate Division from 1910 to 1929 and Chief Justice of South Africa from 1927 to 1929. Title: Hugh Norman Gregory Fernando Passage: Hugh Norman Gregory Fernando (17 November 1910 – 24 March 1976) was the 33rd Chief Justice of Ceylon. He was appointed in 1966 succeeding Miliani Sansoni and was Chief Justice until 1973. He was succeeded by Gardiye Punchihewage Amaraseela Silva. Title: Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi Passage: Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi (A. M. Ahmadi) (born 25 March 1932) was the 26th Chief Justice of India. After serving as a judge in the Gujarat High Court, Ahmadi was appointed judge to the Supreme Court in 1988. He was then elevated to the post of Chief Justice, and served from 1994–1997. He served as Chancellor at the Aligarh Muslim University. Title: Kalpana Rawal Passage: Kalpana Hasmukhrai Rawal (born 15 January 1946 in India Bhuj) is a Kenyan-Asian lawyer and the former Deputy Chief Justice and Vice President of the Supreme Court of Kenya. She was sworn in on June 3, 2013 as the Deputy Chief Justice of Kenya in a ceremony presided over by the President of Kenya and the Chief Justice. After a protracted case on the question of the retirement age of Judges who were appointed under the old Constitution of Kenya, the Supreme Court delivered a Ruling which effectively set the retirement age at 70 years, sending the Deputy Chief Justice and one other Supreme Court Judge who had reached 70 on retirement. Title: Madras High Court Passage: It consists of 74 judges and a chief justice who are in charge of the general policy adopted in the administration of justice. In September 2016, the centre government forwarded names of 15 new judges to the President for his signature on their warrants of appointment. Of the 15, nine are from among lawyers and six from the subordinate judiciary. The current Chief justice Of Madras High Court is Indira Banerjee. She was sworn in on 5 April 2017. Title: Marshall University Passage: Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia. It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. Title: Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States Passage: John Jay resigned as Chief Justice on June 29, 1795, after being elected Governor of New York. The subsequent nomination of John Rutledge as Chief Justice was rejected by a vote of 10 -- 14 on December 15, 1795. Rutledge's strident and vocal opposition to the Jay Treaty may have been the main reason for his rejection. Because he had been a recess appointment, Rutledge served as Chief Justice for one term. Washington nominated Associate Justice William Cushing to replace him as Chief Justice, but Cushing declined the role. Washington then successfully appointed Oliver Ellsworth to serve as the next Chief Justice. Title: Chief Justice of Pakistan Passage: The first Chief Justice was Sir Abdul Rashid. The current Chief Justice is Mian Saqib Nisar; incumbent since 31 December 2016. Title: Chief Justice of Ghana Passage: The current Chief Justice is Sophia Akuffo. She succeeded Georgina Wood who was Ghana's first female Chief Justice. Akuffo was sworn in as Chief Justice by President Akufo - Addo on 19 June 2017. Title: Kokonte Passage: Kokonte is a meal which is eaten in some parts of Africa like Togo, Ghana and others. In Ghana, to be precise, Kokonte is eaten by most of the ethnic groups like the Ga, Akan, Hausa and so on. Most people like to refer to Kokonte as "Face The Wall" because it was initially associated with the low class, and one wouldn't want to eat it due to that. It is also a popular term used by the Ghanaian locals. Kokonte usually is brown, grey and deep green depending on the type of ethnic group that prepares the dish. Kokonte is usually prepared out of dried cassava or yam. Title: Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya Passage: Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya (1861–1938) was a Marathi-language historian and writer from Maharashtra, India. He was Chief Justice of Gwalior State for a period. Title: Rosaline Bozimo Passage: Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. Title: William Johnstone Ritchie Passage: Sir William Johnstone Ritchie (October 28, 1813 – September 25, 1892) was one of the first judges appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. He became the second Chief Justice of the court, and the second-longest serving Chief Justice to date. Title: Albert van der Sandt Centlivres Passage: Albert van der Sandt Centlivres (13 January 1887 – 19 September 1966) was the Chief Justice of South Africa from 1950 to 1957.	[ "Chief Justice of Ghana", "Kokonte" ]
What comprehensive school was created in Cwyllog's birthplace?	Holyhead County School	[]	Title: Education in Israel Passage: Education in Israel refers to the comprehensive education system of Israel. The education system consists of three tiers: primary education (grades 1 - 6, approx. ages 6 -- 12), middle school (grades 7 - 9, approx. ages 12 -- 15) and high school (grades 10 - 12, approx. ages 15 -- 18). Compulsory education takes place from kindergarten through to 12th grade. The school year begins on September 1, ending for elementary school pupils on 30 June, and for middle school and high school pupils on 20 June. Title: Douglas County High School (Douglasville, Georgia) Passage: Douglas County High School, also known as Douglas County Comprehensive High School, is a public high school in Douglasville, Georgia, United States. It was the first high school to open in the Douglas County School District. Title: Middleton High School (Middleton, Wisconsin) Passage: Middleton High School is a comprehensive public secondary school located in the city of Middleton, Wisconsin. It was established in 1879. Part of the Middleton-Cross Plains School District, the school serves more than 2,000 students in grades 9 to 12 from the Middleton and Cross Plains areas. Middleton High School's mascot is the cardinal. The school colors are white and maroon. Its athletic teams play at the WIAA Division 1 level in the WIAA Big Eight Conference. Title: Cumberland High School (Carlingford) Passage: Cumberland High School is a co-educational comprehensive secondary school (high school) located in the north-western metropolitan Western Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: John C. Kimball High School Passage: John C. Kimball High School (KHS) is an American public comprehensive high school in Tracy, California, south of 11th Street on Lammers Road. Kimball High School is the third comprehensive high school in the Tracy Unified School District. The first day of school was August 12, 2009 with an enrollment of 1,472 students. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. Title: Lithia Springs High School Passage: Lithia Springs High School is a public high school located on East County Line Road, in Lithia Springs, Georgia, United States. It is also known as Lithia Springs Comprehensive High School. It was the second high school to open in the Douglas County School District. Title: Cwyllog Passage: Saint Cwyllog (or Cywyllog) was a Christian holy woman who was active in Anglesey, Wales, in the early 6th century. The daughter, sister and niece of saints, she is said to have founded St Cwyllog's Church, Llangwyllog, in the middle of Anglesey, where a church is still dedicated to her. Title: Glenn Hills High School Passage: Glenn Hills Comprehensive High School is a public high school located in the South Augusta area of Augusta, Georgia, United States. It opened in 1967. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "Five", which means "Failed". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of "Three Plus". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule "Abitur light". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from "underprivileged groups" and sneering at their performance was a "piece of impudence". Title: Galston High School Passage: Galston High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Galston, a suburb in the Hills District of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Title: Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun Passage: Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun is a Welsh Medium comprehensive school in the Cynon Valley in the village of Penywaun, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11–16 and 11–18 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another. Title: Kinnelon Public Schools Passage: The Kinnelon Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from Kinnelon, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time. Title: Allen Clarke (educationalist) Passage: Cyril Alfred Allen Clarke (20 August 1910 – 12 July 2007) was the founding head of Holland Park School, which was the flagship of the comprehensive education ideal. Holland Park School, of which Allen Clarke was the first headmaster, was in the 1960s the most famous of its kind in the UK. Founded in 1958, it was dubbed the "socialist Eton" and was the showcase comprehensive school of state education, which aimed to rectify the divisive damage caused by a system that had virtually typecast children as educable or not by the age of 11. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.	[ "Cwyllog", "Comprehensive school" ]
In what region of the U.S. is the river spanned by the 31st Street Bridge in Pittsburgh?	Eastern United States	[]	Title: Mill Street Stone Arch Bridge Passage: The Mill Street Stone Arch Bridge is located on that street in Pine Hill, New York, United States. It is a small bridge over a local creek built around the turn of the 20th century. It is one of two stone arch bridges in the former village built by local stonemason Matthew G. Thompson. It has remained intact and in use since then, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It is located in the Pine Hill Historic District. Title: Bridge Tender's House (artwork) Passage: Bridge Tender's House is a public artwork by American artist Mikyoung Kim, located on the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., United States. "Bridge Tender's House" was commissioned through DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities. Title: Brady Street Bridge Passage: The Brady Street Bridge, also known as the South 22nd Street Bridge, was a steel bowstring arch bridge in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which crossed over the Monongahela River at South 22nd Street. It was replaced by the Birmingham Bridge in 1976, and was demolished on May 29, 1978. The bridge's main span was a tied arch with a suspended road deck, with two through-truss side spans, carrying two traffic lanes between Brady Street on the Pittsburgh side and South 22nd Street on the south side. Approach viaducts were built at either end. The bridge was built by the Schultz Bridge and Iron Company. Title: Allegheny River Passage: The Allegheny River (/ ˌæləˈɡeɪni / AL - ə - GAY - nee) is a principal tributary of the Ohio River; it is located in the Eastern United States. The Allegheny River joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio River at the ``Point ''of Point State Park in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is, by volume, the main headstream of the Ohio River. Title: Jones Bridge Passage: The William A. Jones Memorial Bridge is a bridge that spans the Pasig River in the Philippines connecting the Manila area of Binondo on Rosario Street ("Calle Rosario", now Quintin Paredes Street), with the center of city in Ermita. The previous bridge that connected the two areas was the Puente Grande (Great Bridge), later called the Puente de España (Bridge of Spain) located one block upriver on Nueva Street ("Calle Nueva", now E. T. Yuchengco Street). That span was considered as the oldest established in the Philippines. Title: Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge Passage: Opened on June 3, 1939, the original bridge in this location was designed by engineering firm Madigan-Hyland and built on behalf of the New York City Parkway Authority by contractor J. Rich Steers, Inc., before the authority was merged into the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. The bridge was a part of a program to develop Jamaica Bay as a recreational area instead of an industrial port. The 1939 bridge was a low-level bascule bridge. It consisted of a widened version of the previous drawbridge, and a grade-separated interchange complex feeding into Beach Channel Drive and the Cross Bay Parkway. The Cross Bay Parkway was extended south along Beach 94th Street and Beach 95th Street to the Shore Front Parkway along Rockaway Beach. Title: Sheely Bridge Passage: The Sheely Bridge, originally known as the Carbondale Bridge, carries pedestrian traffic across the Roaring Fork River at Mill Street Park in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a short steel truss bridge originally located downstream in Carbondale and later moved to its present location. Title: 31st Street Bridge Passage: The William Raymond Prom Memorial Bridge, commonly known as the 31st Street Bridge, is an arch bridge that carries vehicular traffic across the Allegheny River between the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Troy Hill and the Strip District. The bridge passes over, but does not serve, Washington's Landing, which is connected to the mainland by the 30th Street Bridge. Sidewalks along the bridge feature viewing platforms. Title: Brooklyn Bridge Passage: Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge, viewed from Manhattan Coordinates 40 ° 42 ′ 20 ''N 73 ° 59 ′ 47'' W / 40.70569 ° N 73.99639 ° W / 40.70569; - 73.99639 Coordinates: 40 ° 42 ′ 20 ''N 73 ° 59 ′ 47'' W / 40.70569 ° N 73.99639 ° W / 40.70569; - 73.99639 Carries 6 lanes of roadway (cars only) Elevated trains (until 1944) Streetcars (until 1950) Pedestrians and bicycles Crosses East River Locale New York City (Civic Center, Manhattan -- Dumbo / Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn) Maintained by New York City Department of Transportation ID number 22400119 Characteristics Design Suspension / Cable - stay Hybrid Total length 5,989 ft (1,825.4 m) Width 85 ft (25.9 m) Height 276.5 ft (84.3 m) above mean high water Longest span 1,595.5 ft (486.3 m) Clearance below 135 ft (41.1 m) History Designer John Augustus Roebling Opened May 24, 1883; 134 years ago (1883 - 05 - 24) Statistics Daily traffic 123,781 (2008) Toll Free both ways Brooklyn Bridge U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. National Historic Landmark NYC Landmark Built 1869 - 1883 Architectural style neo-Gothic NRHP reference # 66000523 Significant dates Added to NRHP October 15, 1966 Designated NHL January 29, 1964 Designated NYCL August 24, 1967 Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Show map of Lower Manhattan Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all Title: Eudora Kaw River Bridge Passage: The Eudora Kaw River Bridge is an automobile and pedestrian crossing of the Kansas River located just north of Eudora, Kansas. A girder bridge, it is the first bridge over the river for almost four miles, as the Highway 2 Bridge is far off to the east. Title: Gordie Howe International Bridge Passage: The Gordie Howe International Bridge (), previously known during development as the Detroit River International Crossing and the New International Trade Crossing, is a project to build a cable-stayed bridge and border crossing across the Detroit River. The crossing will connect Detroit and Windsor by linking Interstate 75 and Interstate 96 in Michigan with the new extension of Highway 401 (called the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway) in Ontario. This route will provide uninterrupted traffic flow, as opposed to the current configuration with the nearby Ambassador Bridge, which connects to city streets on the Ontario side. The bridge will be named after Canadian ice hockey player Gordie Howe, who was best known for his tenure with the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. Title: Franklin Street Bridge Passage: The Franklin–Orleans Street Bridge, commonly known as the Franklin Street Bridge, is a bascule bridge over the Chicago River, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was built in October 1920, and is located directly southwest of the Merchandise Mart. Connecting the Near North Side with "The Loop," is at the junction of the branches of the river, lying directly west of the Wells Street Bridge. It carries four lanes of traffic in the northbound direction, and sidewalks are available on both sides of the bridge. Title: John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge Passage: The John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge is a bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Raritan River. The bridge was built in 2005 to replace the smaller Nevius Street Bridge built in 1886. The Nevius Street Bridge today functions as a pedestrian bridge. The bridge connects First Avenue and what used to be the short one way block of Lyman Street in Raritan with River Road in Hillsborough. After crossing into Hillsborough, the road curves to meet up with the old alignment with the Nevius Street Bridge. The bridge is named for local World War II hero, John Basilone. The bridge has a pedestrian tunnel underneath its northern approach, as part of the Raritan River Greenway. Title: Spring Garden Street Bridge Passage: Spring Garden Street Bridge is a highway bridge in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, that crosses the Schuylkill River below Fairmount Dam. It connects West Philadelphia to the Philadelphia Museum of Art and Benjamin Franklin Parkway. It is the fourth bridge at this location. Title: List of numbered streets in Manhattan Passage: 155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive. Title: Speakman No. 1 Passage: Speakman No. 1 is a historic wooden covered bridge located at East Fallowfield Township near Modena in Chester County, Pennsylvania. It is a Burr Truss bridge, constructed in 1881. It is a twin of Speakman No. 2, Mary Ann Pyle Bridge, located a 1/4 mile away. It crosses Buck Run. Title: Pretoria Bridge Passage: The Pretoria Bridge is a vertical-lift bridge in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It crosses the Rideau Canal linking the Glebe and Centretown to Old Ottawa East. The bridge was built in 1915, replacing an earlier wooden swing bridge on Argyle Street just to the north. It is a vertical-lift bridge, meaning that the central portion of the bridge can be elevated to allow boats to pass underneath. Title: Pont de Vieille-Brioude Passage: Pont de Vieille-Brioude (Vieille-Brioude Bridge) is located in France, crossing the Allier River. It is a masonry arch bridge with a span of that was built in 1832. Title: George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge Passage: The George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge, known locally as the Second Street Bridge, is a four-lane cantilevered truss bridge crossing the Ohio River between Louisville, Kentucky and Jeffersonville, Indiana, that carries US 31. Title: PATH (rail system) Passage: PATH A PATH train of PA - 5 cars on the Newark -- World Trade Center line, crossing the Passaic River en route to the World Trade Center Overview Owner Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Locale Newark / Hudson County, New Jersey and Manhattan, New York Transit type Rapid transit Number of lines Number of stations 13 (1 planned for the PATH extension to Newark in 2018) Daily ridership 270,016 (2016) Annual ridership 76,565,452 (2015) Operation Began operation February 25, 1908 Operator (s) Port Authority Trans - Hudson Technical System length 13.8 mi (22.2 km) Track gauge 4 ft 8 ⁄ in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Electrification 600 V (DC) Third Rail (hide) System map Legend 33rd Street 28th Street closed 23rd Street 19th Street closed 14th Street unbuilt branch to Astor Place 9th Street Christopher Street Hudson Terminal closed World Trade Center Uptown and Downtown Hudson Tubes under Hudson River NY NJ Exchange Place Newport Grove Street Hoboken Terminal Waldo Yard Journal Square PATH Lift Bridge over Hackensack River Manhattan Transfer closed Harrison Car Maintenance Facility Harrison Centre Street Bridge │ Dock Bridge over Passaic River Park Place closed Newark Penn Station This diagram: view talk edit	[ "31st Street Bridge", "Allegheny River" ]
What is the name of the Chief Minister of the location where Narayan Hari Apte died?	Devendra Fadnavis	[]	Title: List of current Indian chief ministers Passage: In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office. Title: Pawan Kumar Chamling Passage: Chamling is the longest standing current Chief minister of any state in India and the second longest serving Chief minister after India's independence, behind Jyoti Basu. Prior to establishing the Sikkim Democratic Front, Chamling served as Minister for Industries, Information and Public Relations from 1989 to 1992 in the Nar Bahadur Bhandari cabinet. Title: Kallakudy Passage: Kallakudi or Dalmiapuram is a small township in the Tiruchirapalli district of Tamil Nadu in India. It is located at a distance of 40 km from Tiruchirapalli Junction. This is the place which turned the career of Karunanidhi, the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu. Title: Punjab, Pakistan Passage: The Government of Punjab is a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan, is based in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province. The Chief Minister of Punjab (CM) is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan. The current Chief Minister is Shahbaz Sharif, who became the Chief Minister of Punjab as being restored after Governor's rule starting from 25 February 2009 to 30 March 2009. Thereafter got re-elected as a result of 11 May 2013 elections. The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan. The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims. Title: List of chief ministers of Maharashtra Passage: The state of Maharashtra was formed by dissolution of the Bombay State on 1 May 1960. Yashwantrao Chavan, who was serving as the third CM of Bombay State since 1956, became the first CM of Maharashtra. He belonged to the Indian National Congress and held the office until the 1962 Assembly elections. Marotrao Kannanwar succeeded him and was the only CM to die while in office. Vasantrao Naik, who was in office from December 1963 to February 1975 for more than 11 years, has by far been the longest serving CM. He also was the first and only CM to complete his full term of five years (1967 - 1972). With the exceptions of Manohar Joshi (Shiv Sena), Narayan Rane (Shiv Sena) and Devendra Fadnavis (Bharatiya Janata Party), all other CMs have been from the Congress or its breakaway parties. So far, President's rule has been imposed twice in the state: first from February to June 1980 and again from September to October 2014. Devendra Fadnavis is the incumbent CM since 31 October 2014, the first from the BJP. Title: Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Passage: Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (formerly known as Garhwal University) is a Central University located in Srinagar town in the Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state in northern India. Named after Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna, former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, the university is residential cum affiliating with jurisdiction over Garhwal region. It is on the banks of the river Alaknanda in the mid-Himalayas. Title: Narayan Hari Apte Passage: Narayan Hari Apte, popularly known as Nanasaheb Apte (11 July 1889 – 14 November 1971) was a Marathi popular novelist, writer of advice books and editor from Maharashtra, India. Title: List of chief ministers of Rajasthan Passage: From 1949, 13 people have been Chief Minister of Rajasthan. Mohan Lal Sukhadia was the longest serving Chief Minister of Rajasthan. After securing majority in 2013 assembly election, Vasundhara Raje of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the incumbent Chief Minister. Title: List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party Passage: Of the 41 BJP chief ministers, fourteen are incumbent -- Pema Khandu in Arunachal Pradesh, Sarbananda Sonowal in Assam, Raman Singh in Chhattisgarh, Manohar Parrikar in Goa, Vijay Rupani in Gujarat, Manohar Lal Khattar in Haryana, Jai Ram Thakur in Himachal Pradesh, Raghubar Das in Jharkhand, Shivraj Singh Chouhan in Madhya Pradesh, Devendra Fadnavis in Maharashtra, N. Biren Singh in Manipur, Vasundhara Raje in Rajasthan, Trivendra Singh Rawat in Uttarakhand, and Yogi Adityanath in Uttar Pradesh. Four of BJP chief ministers are / have been women -- Sushma Swaraj in Delhi, Uma Bharti in Madhya Pradesh, Anandiben Patel in Gujarat and Vasundhara Raje in Rajasthan. Holding the post since December 2003 (for 7003518700000000000 ♠ 14 years, 73 days), Raman Singh is the longest - serving chief minister from the BJP. Karnataka's B.S. Yeddyurappa's first tenure as the chief minister lasted for only nine days, which is the least tenure among chief ministers from BJP; however, taking the total of all the tenures into consideration, Swaraj served as a chief minister for the shortest period of 52 days. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat of Rajasthan was the first chief minister from the BJP; however some BJP leaders had already been elected before as the chief minister while being a member of the Janata Party (JP), an amalgam of political parties which included BJP's predecessor Bharatiya Jana Sangh. There have been five chief ministers from the BJP in Gujarat and Uttarakhand each, four chief ministers in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh each, and three in Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Karnataka each. Title: Jai Narayan Poonia Passage: Jai Narayan Poonia (born 1933) is a former Cabinet Minister and leader of Rajasthan in India. He is former Minister of Public Works. He was born in village Lakhlan Choti of district Churu in Rajasthan in the family of Choudhary Jagmal Poonia clan Hindu Jat. He married Manbhari Devi. Title: List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh Passage: On 26 January 1950 Govind Ballabh Pant, Premier of United Provinces, became the first Chief Minister of the newly renamed Uttar Pradesh. Including him, 11 out of UP's 21 chief ministers belonged to the Indian National Congress. Among these is V.P. Singh, a future Prime Minister of India, as was Charan Singh of the Rashtriya Lok Dal. UP has also had two women chief ministers -- Sucheta Kriplani and Mayawati. On ten occasions, most recently in 2002, the state has come under President's rule, leaving the office of chief minister vacant. Title: Government of Karnataka Passage: As of June 2018, the Government of Karnataka consists of 27 ministers including Chief Minister and a Deputy Chief Minister. Title: List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh Passage: The first Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh was Ravishankar Shukla, who took office on 1 November 1956. Including him, 12 out of the 18 MP chief ministers have belonged to the Indian National Congress. The longest - serving chief minister is current incumbent Shivraj Singh Chouhan of the Bharatiya Janata Party, who has served since 2005. Title: Bhajan Lal Passage: Bhajan Lal Bishnoi (6 October 1930 – 3 June 2011) was a politician and three-time chief minister from the northern Indian state of Haryana. He first became the Chief Minister in 1979, again in 1982 and once again in 1991. He also served as Union Agricultural Minister. Title: Die Zeit, die Zeit Passage: Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag. Title: Chatura Kau Passage: Chatura Kau was the first animated short film in the Oriya language and was the first animated film produced in Orissa, India. An adaptation of Aesop's The Fox and the Crow, the film was released 15 January 2008 by Surjya Narayan Patro, Orissa's Minister of Information Technology and Culture. Title: Prime minister Passage: The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. Title: List of chief ministers of Gujarat Passage: Chief Minister of Gujarat Incumbent Vijay Rupani since 7 August 2016 Appointer Governor of Gujarat Inaugural holder Jivraj Narayan Mehta Formation 1 May 1960 Title: First Anglo-Maratha War Passage: Narayan Rao (10 August 1755 – 30 August 1773) was the fifth Peshwa or ruler of the Maratha Empire from November 1772 until his murder by his palace guards in August 1773. Narayanrao's widow, Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son, who was legal heir to the throne. The newborn infant was named 'Sawai' Madhavrao (Sawai means "One and a Quarter"). Twelve Maratha chiefs, led by Nana Phadnavis directed an effort to name the infant as the new Peshwa and rule under him as regents. Title: List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (Pakistan) Passage: The Chief Minister of Punjab (Urdu: وزیر اعلیٰ پنجاب) is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab and serves as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan. The current Chief Minister is Sardar Usman Buzdar, who won the Chief minister elections after being nominated by the Pakistan Tehreek - e-Insaf.	[ "Narayan Hari Apte", "List of chief ministers of Maharashtra" ]
In what county would you find the birth city of Chris Gissell?	Pierce County	[]	Title: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens Passage: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Title: Chris Gissell Passage: Christopher Odell Gissell (born January 4, 1978 in Tacoma, Washington) is an American retired professional baseball player. A pitcher, he played in Major League Baseball, Nippon Professional Baseball, and the Chinese Professional Baseball League. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: States of Germany Passage: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Union territory Passage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition. Title: Ap Lo Chun Passage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District. Title: Sakhisizwe Local Municipality Passage: Sakhisizwe Local Municipality is an administrative area in the Chris Hani District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Sakhisizwe is an isiXhosa name meaning "we are building the nation". Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Biblioteca Ayacucho Passage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho ("Ayacucho Library") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the "Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho". Its name, "Ayacucho", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Paea Passage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021. Title: Dallol (woreda) Passage: Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda. Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Goodings Grove, Illinois Passage: Goodings Grove was a census-designated place in northern Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,084 at the 2000 census. It ceased to exist as an entity upon the incorporation of the village of Homer Glen, Illinois in 2001. Title: Deninu School Passage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Pierce County Community Newspaper Group Passage: The Pierce County Community Newspaper Group (PCCNG) consists of four newspapers in and around Tacoma, Washington. The papers include the Tacoma Weekly (formerly the Tacoma Monthly), the Fife Free Press, the Milton-Edgewood Signal. Title: Lutsel K'e Dene School Passage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).	[ "Chris Gissell", "Pierce County Community Newspaper Group" ]
How many people live in the area where the cast member of On The Border died?	12 million	[]	Title: Nithiravilai Passage: Nithiravilai is a small metro city in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is a business city which caters its day to day needs and borders the state of Kerala. The Kerala border from the village is approximately 3 km. It is about 14 km from Marthandam and 9 km south to Kaliyakkavilai. The Laccadive sea coast of Arabian Sea is bordering through the coastal fishing towns of Chinnathurai and Thoothur. It is well connected to other nearby towns through roadways. Everybody in the village lives in harmony with different religions and castes. Title: Rin Tin Tin Passage: In July 1919, Duncan managed to bundle the dogs aboard a ship taking him back to the US at the end of the war. When he got to Long Island, New York, for re-entry processing, he put his dogs in the care of a Hempstead breeder named Mrs. Leo Wanner, who raised police dogs. Nanette was diagnosed with pneumonia; as a replacement, the breeder gave Duncan another female German Shepherd puppy. Duncan headed to California by rail with his dogs. While Duncan was traveling by train, Nanette died in Hempstead. As a memorial, Duncan named his new puppy Nanette II, but he called her Nanette. Duncan, Rin Tin Tin, and Nanette II settled at his home in Los Angeles. Rin Tin Tin was a dark sable color and had very dark eyes. Nanette II was much lighter in color. Title: San Sebastián metropolitan area Passage: San Sebastián metropolitan area is an area in the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain) which extends into France. It includes, besides the city of San Sebastián, a number of nearby municipalities, some of them bordering. Its total population is 405,099 inhabitants, with its extension of 372.86 square kilometres. It is the 19 th urban agglomeration of Spain in terms of population. Title: Somalis Passage: Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: Ann Arbor's "Tree Town" nickname stems from the dense forestation of its parks and residential areas. The city contains more than 50,000 trees along its streets and an equal number in parks. In recent years, the emerald ash borer has destroyed many of the city's approximately 10,500 ash trees. The city contains 157 municipal parks ranging from small neighborhood green spots to large recreation areas. Several large city parks and a university park border sections of the Huron River. Fuller Recreation Area, near the University Hospital complex, contains sports fields, pedestrian and bike paths, and swimming pools. The Nichols Arboretum, owned by the University of Michigan, is a 123-acre (50 ha) arboretum that contains hundreds of plant and tree species. It is on the city's east side, near the university's Central Campus. Located across the Huron River just beyond the university's North Campus is the university's Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which contains 300 acres of gardens and a large tropical conservatory. Title: Darrell Hammond Passage: Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular cast member on "Saturday Night Live" from 1995 to 2009. Title: Southern California Passage: Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle (i/siˈætəl/) is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County. With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States, and remained in the top five in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The Seattle metropolitan area of around 3.6 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canada–United States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the third largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. Title: Eagle River, Wisconsin Passage: Eagle River is a city in Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,398 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Vilas County. Because of the many lakes in the area, the city is a popular vacation and retirement destination. The area contains many condominia, seasonal vacation homes, and hunting cabins. Title: The Rain God Passage: The Rain God is a novelised family portrait by Arturo Islas of a Mexican family living in a town on the U.S.-Mexican border, illustrating its members’ struggle to cope with physical handicaps, sexuality, racial and ethnic identification in their new surroundings. The Rain God was awarded the best fiction prize from the Border Regional Library Conference in 1985 and was selected by the Bay Area Reviewers Association as one of the three best novels of 1984. Title: Parliament House, Canberra Passage: Parliament House contains 4,700 rooms, and many areas are open to the public. The main foyer contains a marble staircase and leads to the Great Hall, which has a large tapestry on display. The House of Representatives chamber is decorated green, while the Senate chamber has a red colour scheme. Between the two chambers is the Members' Hall, which has a water feature and is not open to the public. The Ministerial Wing houses the office of the prime minister and other ministers. Title: On the Border (film) Passage: On the Border is a 1930 all-talking drama with songs that stars Rin Tin Tin. It was adapted from a story by Lillie Hayward who also wrote the screenplay. Armida sings two songs in the picture. Title: East Barnet Passage: East Barnet is an area of north London within the London Borough of Barnet bordered by New Barnet, Cockfosters and Southgate. It is a largely residential suburb whose central area contains shops, public houses, restaurants and services, and the parish church of St Mary the Virgin. East Barnet is close to the M25 and the A1 and M1. Title: New South Wales Passage: New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Tasman Sea to the east. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. In March 2017, the population of New South Wales was over 7.8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two - thirds of the state's population, five million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen. Title: Alatsee Passage: Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds "Hitler's gold". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the "blood cloud " that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year. Title: Lichtaart Passage: Lichtaart is a village in Belgium, in the province of Antwerp and municipality of Kasterlee. The village is situated near the town, Antwerp. Lichtaart bordered by the Rivers, Nete and Kaliebeek. In 1977, Lichtaart had an area of 25 km ² and had 4229 inhabitants. Lichtaart is notable for the theme park, Bobbejaanland and the folk singer, Bobbejaan Schoepen. Title: Colpo di coda Passage: Colpo di Coda is a double live album from Italian rock band Litfiba and was recorded during the Bologna concert of the Terremoto tour. It contains two previously unreleased tracks "A denti stretti" and "Africa". Title: Cino Passage: Cino is a "comune" in the province of Sondrio in Italy, and it has a population of about 400 inhabitants, with an area of , the density is 67 hab/km² . Cino borders the following municipalities: Cercino, Mantello, Novate Mezzola, Dubino. Title: Thuruthipuram Passage: Thuruthipuram, also known as Chathedom Thuruthipuram, is on the border between Ernakulam district and Thrissur in Paravur Taluk, Kerala, India. The place is on a bay on the river. Three sides of the village is surrounded by the river. During the rainy season, flooding of the lower areas is a major problem. Many of the inhabitants are fishermen. Title: Hansapur, Rapti Passage: Hansapur is a Village Development Committee in Pyuthan, a "Middle Hills" district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal. The village lies to the north east of the district sharing its border mainly to Aargakhanchi. The area is mostly inhabited by Bhramins and other castes too. The village or VDC is prominently a developing area in the district with proper facilities of electricity and communication. The place is well established for ginger (Aduwa) and bee honey (Maha; local).	[ "Southern California", "On the Border (film)", "Rin Tin Tin" ]
In which country is Tuolumne, a city in the county sharing a border with Groveland's county in the state where Some Like It Hot was filmed?	United States	[ "America", "US of A", "US", "the United States" ]	Title: Clear Water Bay Country Park Passage: Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like: Title: Latvia Passage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Title: Northern Territory Passage: The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. Title: Scotty Summers Passage: Scotty "Hot Body" Summers is a retired American professional wrestler who competed in regional and independent promotions throughout the United States and Canada during the 1990s and 2000s. One-half of Hot Paradise with Johnny Paradise, the two held the unified tag team titles of Border City Wrestling and Motor City Wrestling for almost two years. He also had brief stints in Eastern Championship Wrestling, Midwest Territorial Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation before ending his career, like many former MCW stars, in the old Central States territory. Title: Tuolumne, Stanislaus County, California Passage: Tuolumne is a small unincorporated town in Stanislaus County, California, United States. Near the town is the historic site of, (now defunct), Tuolumne City. Title: Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory) Passage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Tuolumne City, California Passage: Tuolumne is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California, United States. The population was 1,779 at the 2010 census, down from 1,865 at the 2000 census. Title: Deadwood, Tuolumne County, California Passage: Deadwood is an unincorporated community in Tuolumne County, California, United States. Deadwood is east of Sonora. Deadwood is located along a logging railroad. Title: Groveland Township, Tazewell County, Illinois Passage: Groveland Township is located in Tazewell County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 19,526 and it contained 8,441 housing units. Title: India Passage: India (IAST: Bhārat), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh - largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Canada Passage: Canada (French: (kanadɑ)) is a country located in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons. Title: Some Like It Hot Passage: The film was made in California during the summer and autumn of 1958. Many scenes were shot at the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego which appeared as the ``Seminole Ritz Hotel ''in Miami in the film. The Hotel in San Diego fitted into the era of the 1920s and was near Hollywood, so Wilder chose it although it was not in Florida. Title: Tatra County Passage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory. Title: Tuolumne City, Stanislaus County, California Passage: The site has been in Stanislaus County, California since 1854 when it was formed from the western part of the old Tuolumne County. Title: Borders of China Passage: China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: Groveland, California Passage: Groveland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California. Groveland sits at an elevation of . The 2010 United States census reported Groveland's population was 601. Title: List of films shot in Sonora, California Passage: A list of films and television series shot in or near the city of Sonora, a historic Gold Rush mining town in the Sierra Nevada foothills and Tuolumne County, California.	[ "Some Like It Hot", "Groveland, California", "Tuolumne, Stanislaus County, California", "Tuolumne City, Stanislaus County, California" ]
Who is the majority whip in the house having the power to introduce appropriation bills and making up the legislative branch having over-sight of the employer of David Vladeck?	Steve Scalise	[]	Title: Health insurance in the United States Passage: Finally achieving universal health coverage remained a top priority among Democrats, and passing a health reform bill was one of the Obama Administration's top priorities. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was similar to the Nixon and Clinton plans, mandating coverage, penalizing employers who failed to provide it, and creating mechanisms for people to pool risk and buy insurance collectively. Earlier versions of the bill included a publicly run insurer that could compete to cover those without employer sponsored coverage (the so - called public option), but this was ultimately stripped to secure the support of moderates. The bill passed the Senate in December 2009 with all Democrats voting in favor and the House in March 2010 with the support of most Democrats. Not a single Republican voted in favor of it either time. Title: Scottish Parliament Passage: Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill; a committee of the Parliament can present a bill in one of the areas under its remit; a member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer. Most draft laws are government bills introduced by ministers in the governing party. Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages: Title: United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Passage: The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of the Interior and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Title: Treloar Copyright Bill Passage: The Treloar Copyright Bill was a revision of the United States copyright laws introduced February 13, 1896, in the first session of the 54th United States Congress as House of Representatives (H.R.) 5976 by Missouri 9th District Representative William M. Treloar. The bill was then extensively revised, and was later reintroduced as H.R. 8211. Title: List of House of Cards episodes Passage: Kevin Spacey stars as Representative Francis Underwood, the Majority Whip, who, after being passed up for the position of Secretary of State, initiates an elaborate plan to get himself into a position of greater power, aided by his wife, Claire Underwood (Robin Wright). In January 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on May 30, 2017. As of May 30, 2017, 65 episodes of House of Cards have been released, concluding the fifth season. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's chair, there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions. Nancy Pelosi is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker seeking the Minority Leader post to retain the House party leadership, as the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections. Outgoing Speaker Nancy Pelosi ran successfully for Minority Leader in the 112th Congress. Title: Exchange Information Disclosure Act Passage: The bill was introduced on October 29, 2013 in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The House was scheduled to vote on it on January 10, 2014. On January 16th, 2014, the bill was passed. 226 Republicans and 33 Democrats have voted yes to the bill. Title: Swedish general strike Passage: The Swedish general strike (sv. "Storstrejken") of August 4 to September 4, 1909, was a general work stoppage by over 300,000 individuals all over Sweden. It was the first major conflict between the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (sv. "Landsorganisationen, LO"), and the Swedish Employers Association (sv. "Svenska Arbetsgivareföreningen, SAF"). The losses to employers was estimated to be around 25 million Swedish kronor. Title: Money bill Passage: While the United States of America is not a parliamentary democracy, the Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that all bills raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, consistent with British constitutional practice; by convention, appropriation bills (bills that spend money) also originate in the House. Unlike in most Westminster systems, there are no limits on the Senate's ability to amend revenue bills or any requirement for the Senate to approve such bills within a certain timeframe. Both appropriations and revenue bills are often referred to as money bills to contrast them with authorization bills. The U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Munoz - Flores (1990) held that: ``A law passed in violation of the Origination Clause would thus be no more immune from judicial scrutiny because it was passed by both Houses and signed by the President than would be a law passed in violation of the First Amendment ''. Title: Lane splitting Passage: In the United States, bills to legalize lane splitting have been introduced in state legislatures around the US over the last twenty years but none had been enacted until California's legislature passed such a bill in August, 2016. Title: Royal assent Passage: The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills." If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament. Title: Appropriation bill Passage: According to the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement that all money bills originate in the lower house. Traditionally, though, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. House appropriations bills begin with ``H.R. '', meaning`` House of Representatives''. In reference to revenue bills, the Constitution also states that the ``Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. ''As with revenue bills, the Senate and House each drafts and considers its own appropriation bill. The Senate then`` cuts - and - pastes,'' substituting the language of its version of a particular appropriation bill for the language of the House bill, then agrees to the bill as amended. Title: Parliament of Bhutan Passage: Foremost among the powers and duties of Parliament is the passing of bills. Either the upper house National Council, the lower house National Assembly, or the Attorney General may author bills to be passed as acts, with the exception of money and financial bills, which are the sole purview of the National Assembly. Legislation must be presented bicamerally, at times in joint sittings of the National Council and National Assembly, however bills may pass by default without vote when none is conducted before the close of the present session. When a bill has been introduced and passed by one house, it must present the bill to the other house within thirty days from the date of passing, and the bill may be passed during the next session of Parliament. In the case of budget bills and urgent matters, a bill must be passed in the same session of Parliament. Bills are ultimately subject to veto and modification by the King, however the King must assent to bills resubmitted after joint sitting and deliberation by the National Council and National Assembly. Title: Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015 Passage: On 30 October 2014, the Abbott Government introduced the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Bill 2014 into the House of Representatives. On 21 November 2014, the Attorney - General Senator George Brandis wrote to the PJCIS, referring the provisions of the Bill for inquiry. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are elected by their respective parties in a closed - door caucus by secret ballot. With the Republicans holding a majority of seats and the Democrats holding a minority, the current leaders are: Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably Tom DeLay who was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor. Title: David Vladeck Passage: David C. Vladeck (born June 6, 1951) is the former Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection of the Federal Trade Commission, an independent agency of the United States government. He was appointed by the Chairman of the FTC, Jon Leibowitz, on April 14, 2009, shortly after Leibowitz became Chairman. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight. Title: Thomas Montgomery Bell Passage: Thomas Montgomery Bell (March 17, 1861 – March 18, 1941) was an American politician who served as House majority whip from 1913 to 1915. Title: Charlie Wilson (Texas politician) Passage: In 1980, Wilson read an Associated Press dispatch on the congressional wires describing the refugees fleeing Soviet-occupied Afghanistan. The communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan had taken over power during the Saur Revolution and asked the Soviet Union to help suppress resistance from the Mujahideen. According to biographer George Crile III, Wilson called the staff of the United States House Committee on Appropriations dealing with "black appropriations" and requested a two-fold appropriation increase for Afghanistan. Because Wilson had just been named to the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense (which is responsible for funding CIA operations), his request went through.	[ "Appropriation bill", "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "David Vladeck", "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" ]
The Embassy of France in the city where Jiří Kejval's birthplace is located in what country?	Czech Republic	[ "CZE", "cz", "cze" ]	Title: Embassy of Bulgaria, London Passage: The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed. Title: Germany–Norway relations Passage: Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg. Title: Jiří Korn Passage: Jiří Korn (born May 17, 1949 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech recording artist and actor. Korn is a highly acclaimed musician in his native Czechoslovakia, and remains after his 5 decade long career one of the most prominent Czech singer-songwriters, but is internationally perhaps best known for his single "Miss Moskva", which received radio play in most European countries, including France, Germany, Croatia, Hungary and Norway. Title: Crisp, Texas Passage: Crisp is an unincorporated community in Ellis County, Texas, United States. It was the birthplace of country music star Ernest Tubb. It is located east of Waxahachie. Title: Jiří Havlis Passage: Jiří Havlis (16 November 1932 – 31 January 2010) was a Czech rower who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Title: Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin Passage: The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin (, ) is a 1994 comedy drama film directed by Jiří Menzel. The film entered the competition at the 51st Venice International Film Festival, in which it won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal. It is based on the novel "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin" by Vladimir Voinovich and the scenario by Zdeněk Svěrák. It is a coproduction between Russia, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, France and Italy. Title: Jiří Kejval Passage: Jiří Kejval (born 30 November 1967 in Prague) is an entrepreneur, President of the Czech Olympic Committee, member of IOC and former international rower. Title: Nigerian passport Passage: Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate. Title: Jiří Novák Passage: Jiří Novák (; born 22 March 1975) is a former Czech tennis player, who was born in Zlín, Czechoslovakia but resides nowadays in Monte Carlo, Monaco. Title: Jiří Dienstbier Jr. Passage: Jiří Dienstbier Jr. is the son of Jiří Dienstbier Sr., former journalist and civil rights activist who became the first Minister of Foreign Affairs in the newly democratic Czechoslovakia, and Zuzana Dienstbierová, née Wíšová, a psychologist. His parents and his grandfather, Jaromír Wíšo, were signatories to the Charter 77 human rights declaration. Consequently, Dienstbier's family experienced intense political pressure from the Communist regime during the "Normalization" period after 1969. While Jiří Dienstbier Jr was 10 years old, his father was imprisoned for his work in a movement acting parallel to Charter 77, the Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted (; VONS). Title: Jiří Svoboda (volleyball) Passage: Jiří Svoboda (born April 19, 1941) is a Czech former volleyball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1968 Summer Olympics. Title: Jiří Jebavý Passage: Jiří Jebavý is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga. Title: Jiří Moravec Passage: Jiří Moravec (born 13 February 1980 in Nymburk) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently a free agent. Title: Embassy of the United States, Malabo Passage: The United States Embassy in Malabo is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, in the capital city of Malabo. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and Equatorial Guinea-United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Equatorial is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to Equatorial Guinea Title: Embassy of France, Prague Passage: The Embassy of France to the Czech Republic is located on Velkopřevorské náměstí, in Malá Strana, Prague, next to Vltava's island Kampa. It occupies the large baroque Buquoy Palace (1719). The ground floor of the Embassy was flooded during the August 2002 floods. Title: Embassy of France, London Passage: The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait. Title: Jiří Ptáček Passage: Jiří Ptáček (born 15 January 1989) is a Czech football player who currently plays for Loko Vltavín in the Czech 2. Liga. Title: Armenia–Singapore relations Passage: Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia. Title: World Scout Jamboree Passage: It was in 1920 that the first World Scout Jamboree was realized, held in the Olympia halls in Kensington, London. Symbolically, the Jamboree site bore the name of the birthplace of the Olympic Games, Olympia. 8,000 Scouts from 34 countries attended the event. Title: List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France Passage: Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.	[ "Embassy of France, Prague", "Jiří Kejval" ]
What is the country of citizenship for the child of the person who directed the film I love You to Death?	America	[ "US" ]	Title: A Walk with Love and Death Passage: A Walk with Love and Death is a 1969 DeLuxe Color romantic drama film directed by John Huston and starring Anjelica Huston, Assi Dayan, Anthony Higgins, and John Huston. Title: Myanmar Passage: The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear. Title: Love Is All There Is Passage: Love Is All There Is is a 1996 romantic comedy film directed by Joseph Bologna and Renée Taylor, who also both star in the movie. Title: Mad at the Moon Passage: Mad at the Moon is a 1992 American western horror film written and directed by Martin Donovan. It stars Mary Stuart Masterson, Hart Bochner, and Fionnula Flanagan. The film centers on a young woman who is married off to the half-brother of the man she loves. As strange deaths begin to occur, it becomes increasingly apparent that the man she married keeps a dark secret that may threaten the safety of everyone around her. Title: Late Marriage Passage: Late Marriage (, "Hatuna Meuheret") is a 2001 Israeli film directed by Dover Kosashvili. The film centers on Zaza (Lior Ashkenazi, in his breakthrough role), the 31-year-old child of tradition-minded Georgian Jewish immigrants who are anxiously trying to arrange a marriage for him. Unbeknownst to them, he is secretly dating a 34-year-old divorcée, Judith (Ronit Elkabetz). When his parents discover the relationship and violently intervene, Zaza must choose between his family traditions and his love. Title: The Matinee Idol Passage: The Matinee Idol is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra, and starring Bessie Love and Johnnie Walker. A Broadway star falls in love with a woman who does not know his real identity. Title: Aaron Loves Angela Passage: Aaron Loves Angela is a 1975 American blaxploitation film written by Gerald Sanford and directed by Gordon Parks, Jr. This film stars Moses Gunn, Kevin Hooks and Irene Cara. Both Cara and Hooks made early film appearances in this piece. This is the final film that Gordon Parks, Jr. directed before his death on April 3, 1979. Title: Beasts of No Nation (film) Passage: Beasts of No Nation is a 2015 American war drama film written, co-produced and directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga, who acted as his own cinematographer, about a young boy who becomes a child soldier as his country goes through a horrific war. Shot in Ghana and starring Idris Elba, Abraham Attah, Ama K. Abebrese, Grace Nortey, David Dontoh, and Opeyemi Fagbohungbe, the film is based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Uzodinma Iweala ― the book itself being named after a Fela Kuti album. Title: Workingman's Death Passage: Workingman's Death is a 2005 Austrian-German documentary film written and directed by Michael Glawogger. It premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival. The film deals with the extremes to which workers go to earn a living in several countries around the world. Title: Brownies (film) Passage: Brownies is a 2004 Indonesian film directed by Hanung Bramantyo. It is about a career woman who falls for an entrepreneur over their mutual love of brownies. Title: It's All About Love Passage: It's All About Love is a 2003 romance-drama film written and directed by Thomas Vinterberg. Its narrative can be classified as apocalyptic science fiction, but Vinterberg prefers to call it "a dream". Unlike the director's earlier Danish-language films, "It's All About Love" is entirely in English and stars Joaquin Phoenix, Claire Danes and Sean Penn. The production was led by Denmark's Nimbus Film, but the film was largely an international co-production, with involvement of companies from nine different countries in total. It was very poorly received by film critics. Title: The Upturned Glass Passage: The Upturned Glass is a 1947 British film noir psychological thriller directed by Lawrence Huntington and starring James Mason, Rosamund John and Pamela Kellino. The screenplay concerns a leading brain surgeon who murders a woman he believes to be responsible for the death of the woman he loved. Title: They Met in Argentina Passage: They Met in Argentina is a 1941 American film directed by Leslie Goodwins and Jack Hively for RKO Pictures. Hively had to come in and finish the picture after Goodwins was hospitalized for pneumonia. Maureen O'Hara plays an Argentinian who falls in love with a Texan (James Ellison), who is attempting to buy a racehorse from her father. It was one of a number of Hollywood films from the 1940s produced to reflect America's "Good Neighbor policy" towards Latin American countries. "They Met in Argentina" was not well received by audiences, critics, or the Argentine government. Title: Loetoeng Kasaroeng Passage: Loetoeng Kasaroeng is a 1926 fantasy film from the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) which was directed and produced by L. Heuveldorp. An adaptation of the Sundanese folktale "Lutung Kasarung" ("The Lost Lutung"), the film tells of a young girl who falls in love with a magical lutung and stars the children of noblemen. Details on its performance are unavailable, although it is known to have been of poor technical quality and thought to have performed poorly. It was the first film produced in the country and the first to feature a native-Indonesian cast. It is likely a lost film. Title: Zero Effect Passage: Zero Effect is a 1998 mystery comedy film written and directed by Jake Kasdan. It stars Bill Pullman as "the world's most private detective", Daryl Zero, and Ben Stiller as his assistant Steve Arlo. Its plot is loosely based on the Arthur Conan Doyle short story "A Scandal in Bohemia". Title: Ricky (2009 film) Passage: Ricky is a 2009 French fantasy film directed by François Ozon about a human baby who develops a set of functional wings, and how the parents cope with the child's abnormality. Title: The Untamed Lady Passage: The Untamed Lady is a lost 1926 American silent drama film directed by Frank Tuttle, and starring Gloria Swanson and Lawrence Gray. The film was also the debut of Nancy Kelly who was a child actress at the time. The film was written by James Ashmore Creelman from an original story by Fannie Hurst. Title: I Love You to Death Passage: I Love You to Death is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and starring an ensemble cast featuring Kevin Kline, Tracey Ullman, Joan Plowright, River Phoenix, William Hurt, and Keanu Reeves. Title: No More Love, No More Death Passage: No More Love, No More Death is a 1993 Hong Kong action film directed by Herman Yau and starring Jacky Cheung, Rosamund Kwan and Carina Lau. The film is a prequel to the 1992 film, "With or Without You", and was produced in response to the popularity of Cheung's character, "Prince". Title: Sex Tape (film) Passage: Sex Tape is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Jake Kasdan and written by Kate Angelo, Jason Segel, and Nicholas Stoller. Starring Segel, Cameron Diaz, Rob Corddry, Ellie Kemper, and Rob Lowe, the film was released on July 18, 2014, by Columbia Pictures.	[ "I Love You to Death", "Sex Tape (film)", "Zero Effect" ]
Where is the school where James Jupp was educated located?	Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn	[ "London" ]	Title: John Peachell Passage: John Peachell (1630–1690) was an English academic, Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge at the moment when James II was aiming to impose his will on the universities. Title: Hunter College Elementary School Passage: Hunter College Elementary School is a New York City elementary school for intellectually gifted students, located on Manhattan's Upper East Side. It is administered by Hunter College, a senior college of the City University of New York or CUNY. Title: James Couper Brash Passage: James Couper Brash was born in Cathcart in Scotland, the son of James Brash, J.P. He was educated at George Watson's College and the University of Edinburgh. Brash graduated B.Sc. in 1908 and M.B., Ch.B. in 1910. Title: Cossatot Community College Passage: Cossatot Community College of the University of Arkansas (CCCUA) is a public community college serving southwest Arkansas. Its main campus is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains in De Queen, Arkansas. Title: Mundelein College Passage: Mundelein College was the last private, independent, Roman Catholic women's college in Illinois. Located on the edge of the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods on the far north side of Chicago, Illinois, Mundelein College was founded and administered by the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1991, Mundelein College became an affiliated college of Loyola University Chicago. It has since become completely incorporated. Mundelein College was located just south of Loyola's Lake Shore Campus. Title: Kathmandu Passage: Institute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuwan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978. A number of medical colleges including Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal Medical College, KIST Medical College, Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), are also located in or around Kathmandu. Title: Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema Passage: Cheema was born at Sialkot and was initially educated at Sialkot, later on he moved to Government College, Lahore where he completed his Master's in History. He also did Master's in Political Science from Punjab University, Certificate in Peace Research and International Relations from Oslo University (Norway), Diploma in International Relations from Vienna University (Austria), M. Litt. in Strategic Studies from Aberdeen University (U.K.) and Ph.D. from Quaid-i-Azam University (Pakistan). Title: Melissa L. Tatum Passage: Melissa L. Tatum is the research professor of law and former director of the Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program at the University of Arizona's James E. Rogers College of Law. She previously served as professor of law and co-director of the Native American Law Center at the University of Tulsa College of Law. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007. Title: James Baba Passage: He was born in Koboko District 5 October 1945. James Baba holds the degree of Bachelor of Arts in History, from Makerere University, Uganda's oldest public university. He also holds a Postgraduate Diploma in International Relations, obtained in 1975 from the University of Nairobi. His Master of Arts degree in Public Administration was awarded in 1993 from St. John's University in Queens, New York City. Title: Susie Boyt Passage: The daughter of Suzy Boyt and artist Lucian Freud, and great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud. Susie Boyt was educated at Channing and at Camden School for Girls and read English at St Catherine's College, Oxford, graduating in 1992. Working variously at a PR agency, and a literary agency, she completed her first novel, "The Normal Man", which was published in 1995 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. She returned to university to do a Masters in Anglo American Literary Relations at University College London studying the works of Henry James and the poet John Berryman. Title: Florida International University School of Architecture Passage: The FIU School of Architecture is the architecture school at Florida International University, located in Miami, Florida in the United States. It is one of the university's 26 schools and colleges and is a school within the College of Architecture and the Arts. The school was founded in the 1980s. Title: Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College Passage: Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College (KLMUC) is a university college located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was established in 1991. The College currently offers over 17 programmes in 3 distinctive faculties. Title: James Jupp Passage: James Jupp was born in Croydon, England, and was educated at the London School of Economics between 1951 and 1956. He held teaching posts in Political Science at the University of Melbourne, the University of York (England), the University of Waterloo (Canada) and the University of Canberra. Title: Centre Daily Times Passage: The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: Arts & Sciences at Washington University comprises three divisions: the College of Arts & Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, and University College in Arts & Sciences. Barbara Schaal is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. James E. McLeod was the Vice Chancellor for Students and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences; according to a University news release he died at the University's Barnes-Jewish Hospital on Tuesday, September 6, 2011 of renal failure as a result of a two-year-long struggle with cancer. Richard J. Smith is Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Title: Edward James Salisbury Passage: Sir Edward James Salisbury CBE FRS (16 April 1886 – 10 November 1978) was an English botanist and ecologist. He was born in Harpenden, Hertfordshire and graduated in botany from University College London in 1905. In 1913, he obtained a D.Sc. with a thesis on fossil seeds and was appointed a senior lecturer at East London College. He returned to University College London as a senior lecturer, from 1924 as a reader in plant ecology and from 1929 as Quain Professor of botany. Title: London School of Economics Passage: LSE is located in Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn. The area is historically known as Clare Market. The LSE has more than 10,000 students and 3,300 staff, just under half of whom come from outside the UK. It had a consolidated income of £340.7 million in 2015 / 16, of which £30.3 million was from research grants. One hundred and fifty five nationalities are represented amongst LSE's student body and the school has the highest percentage of international students (70%) of all British universities. Despite its name, the school is organised into 25 academic departments and institutes which conduct teaching and research across a range of legal studies and social sciences. Title: Aneek Chatterjee Passage: Aneek Chatterjee graduated from Presidency College. He completed his MA from the same college and did M.Phil. at Calcutta University. He did Ph.D. at Jadavpur University on the topic "India-U.S. Relations at the End of the Twentieth Century". Title: Presidency University, Kolkata Passage: Presidency University, Kolkata, formerly Hindu College and Presidency College, is a public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal. The college was established in 1817 with the money donated by Rani Rashmoni, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Raja Radhakanta Deb, David Hare, Sir Edward Hyde East, Baidyanath Mukhopadhya and Rasamay Dutt.	[ "London School of Economics", "James Jupp" ]
Who won season 5 of Bigg Boss presented in the language of the novel Aavarana?	Chandan Shetty	[]	Title: Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5) Passage: Bigg Boss Kannada 5 (BBK5) was the fifth season of the Kannada television series Bigg Boss Kannada, that premiered on 15 October 2017. Sudeep reprised his role as the host of the show. The finale of the season took place 28 January 2018, and rapper Chandan Shetty was declared the winner of the show and the prize money of ₹50 lakh. Sales representative Diwaker was voted the runner - up. Title: Bigg Boss Marathi Passage: Bigg Boss Marathi Presented by Mahesh Manjrekar Country of origin India Original language (s) Marathi No. of seasons No. of episodes 98 Production Location (s) Lonavala Running time 60 - 90 minutes (approx.) Production company (s) Endemol India Release Original release 15 April 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) -- present Title: Man v. Food Passage: Man v. Food Genre Food Reality Presented by Adam Richman (seasons 1 - 4) Casey Webb (seasons 5 - present) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 6 No. of episodes 110 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Matt Sharp Will Edward Powell Dan Adler (season 5) Bonnie Biggs (season 5) Alan Madison (season 5) Producer (s) Dan Adler (series) Alison Mouledoux (series) Colin Gilroy (story) Bonnie Biggs (story) Dave ``Paco ''Abraham (story) Claudia Castillo (story) Aaron Schoonhoven (story) Joshua C. Diaz (story) Jillian Horgan (field) Josh Abraham (coordinating producer) Emily Graham (ap) Andria Ortega (production coordinator) Dan Kornfeld (field) Chris Stearns (ap) Alvin Chan (pa) Cinematography Peter Fackler Scott Sans Dan Akiba (season 5) Editor (s) Scott Besselle Bobby Munster Josh Baron Caton Clark Liam Lawyer Keith Krimbel Max Heller Caton Clark (season 5) Benedict Kasulis (season 5) Camera setup Multi-camera Running time 21 minutes Production company (s) Sharp Entertainment Release Original network Travel Channel Original release December 3, 2008 (2008 - 12 - 03) -- present External links Website Title: So You Think You Can Dance (American season 15) Passage: So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series) Season 15 Broadcast from June 4 -- September 10, 2018 Judges Nigel Lythgoe Mary Murphy Vanessa Hudgens Stephen ``tWitch ''Boss Host (s) Cat Deeley Broadcaster Fox Broadcasting Company Venue United States Website www.fox.com/dance Winner Hannahlei Cabanilla Runner - up Jensen Arnold Chronology ◀ 2018 Title: Raja Chaudhary Passage: Raja Chaudhary played a villain in the Bhojpuri film "Saiyyan Hamar Hindustani" opposite Shweta Tiwari. His claim to fame has been reality show "Bigg Boss 2" (Indian Adaptation of Famous show "Big Brother") where he was a runner up. He was nominated many times but was always saved because of great fan following. After Big Boss he also participated in another reality show "Zor Ka Jhatka Total Wipe Out". Title: Rachel Shenton Passage: Rachel Joy Shenton is an English actress who has appeared in a number of British television series and films. Shenton made her American TV debut on ABC Family drama Switched at Birth in Season 3 as Lily Summers and stayed until the shows finale in Season 5. Rachel is currently filming BBC2 Comedy White Gold Title: The Voice (Indian season 2) Passage: The second season of The Voice, the Indian reality talent show, premiered on 10 December 2016 and concluded on 12 March 2017, with Farhan Sabir being crowned as the winner. The reality series is produced by Urban Brew Studios for &TV. Title: På spåret Passage: På spåret ("On the Track") is a popular Swedish TV game show broadcast on SVT since 5 September 1987. The show, which is intended to be humorous yet educational, has remained one of the most popular TV shows in Sweden, attracting an average of 2,150,000 viewers during the 2007 season. The all-time record was set in March 1990, when 3.7 million people tuned in to see the show. This means that nearly half of all Swedes saw the game show. Title: The Woodwright's Shop Passage: The Woodwright's Shop is a traditional woodworking show hosted by master carpenter Roy Underhill on PBS in the United States. It is one of the longest running "how to" shows on PBS, with thirty-five 13-episode seasons filmed. Since its debut in 1979, the show has aired over 400 episodes. The first two seasons were broadcast only on public TV in North Carolina; the season numbering was restarted when the show went national in 1981. It is still filmed at the UNC-TV (University of North Carolina Center for Public Television) studios in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Title: Bigg Boss Kannada (season 2) Passage: Bigg Boss Kannada 2 (BBK2), ಬಿಗ್ ಬಾಸ್ ಕನ್ನಡ - ೨ is the second season of the Kannada reality television series Bigg Boss Kannada. Asianet Suvarna channel acquired the broadcast rights from Endemol India. The show premiered on 29 June 2014 with Sudeep as the host. Among 4 finalists Akul Balaji emerged as the title winner with maximum votes and performance in house followed by Srujan Lokesh as runner - up, Deepika Kamaiah and Shwetha Chengappa as third and fourth respectively Title: Aavarana Passage: Aavarana is a 2007 Kannada novel by novelist S.L. Bhyrappa. Aavarana ( "" meaning 'to conceal') means enveloping or covering something. This novel deals with the historical character like Mogul Emperor Aurangazeb. "Aavarana" was sold out even before its release in February 2007. The novel went on to create a record in the Indian literary world by witnessing 10 reprints within five months of its release. Title: Dancing with the Stars (American season 1) Passage: Dancing with the Stars (season 1) Country of origin United States No. of episodes 8 Release Original network ABC Original release June 1 -- July 6, 2005 Additional information Celebrity winner Kelly Monaco Professional winner Alec Mazo Season chronology Next → Season 2 Title: America's Got Talent (season 2) Passage: The second season of the show was originally announced to debut in January 2007, with a timeslot of Sunday nights at 8 p.m.; however, the network substituted another reality talent show, Grease: You're The One That I Want. This season's winner was a ventriloquist and impressionist Terry Fator. Title: RuPaul's Drag Race (season 5) Passage: RuPaul's Drag Race Season 5 Broadcast from January 28 (2013 - 01 - 28) -- May 6, 2013 (2013 - 05 - 06) Judges RuPaul Michelle Visage Santino Rice Host (s) RuPaul Broadcaster Logo Competitors 14 Winner Jinkx Monsoon Origin Seattle, WA Runner - up Alaska Roxxxy Andrews Chronology ◀ Season 5 ▶ Title: India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj Passage: India's Best Cinestar Ki Khoj is an Indian television series that premiered on Zee TV in 2004. It is a talent show for aspiring actors, and the first prize is the lead role in a film. Two winners, one male and one female, are crowned at the finale. The show returned for its second season in 2006 and third season in 2014. Title: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) Passage: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Series logotype Also known as Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (season five title) Genre Action Comedy Drama Based on Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles by Kevin Eastman Peter Laird Developed by Ciro Nieli Joshua Sternin J.R. Ventimilia Voices of Jason Biggs (Seasons 1 -- 2) Seth Green (Seasons 3 -- 5) Rob Paulsen Sean Astin Greg Cipes Hoon Lee Mae Whitman Kevin Michael Richardson Josh Peck Kelly Hu Nolan North Clancy Brown Christian Lanz Phil LaMarr Eric Bauza Fred Tatasciore J.B. Smoove Opening theme ``Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ''Ending theme`` Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' (instrumental) Composer (s) Sebastian Evans II Stanley Martinez Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 124 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Joshua Sternin J.R. Ventimilia Ciro Nieli Peter Hastings Brandon Auman Rick Magallanes (for Nickelodeon; season 1) Megan Casey (for Nickelodeon; seasons 2 -- 5) Producer (s) MacGregor Middleton Christopher Waters (supervising) Ant Ward (supervising) Patrick Krebs (supervising) Vladimir Radev (asscociate) Running time 22 minutes Production company (s) Lowbar Productions Mirage Studios Nickelodeon Animation Studio Release Original network Nickelodeon Picture format 480i NTSC 1080i HDTV Original release September 29, 2012 (2012 - 09 - 29) -- November 12, 2017 (2017 - 11 - 12) Chronology Preceded by Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series) Followed by Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles External links Website Title: Connie Nielsen Passage: Connie Inge - Lise Nielsen (born 3 July 1965) is a Danish actress whose first major role in an English - language film was a supporting role in The Devil's Advocate (1997). Her films include, Gladiator (2000), Mission to Mars (2000), One Hour Photo (2002), Basic (2003), The Hunted (2003), The Ice Harvest (2005), and Nymphomaniac (2014). She starred as Meredith Kane on the Starz TV series Boss (2011 -- 2012) and was a lead character in the second season of The Following. She has joined the DC Extended Universe, appearing as Hippolyta in Wonder Woman (2017) and in Justice League (2017). Title: List of Mike & Molly characters Passage: Molly Flynn - Biggs First appearance ``Pilot ''1x01, September 20, 2010 Last appearance`` I See Love'' 6x13, May 16, 2016 Portrayed by Melissa McCarthy Information Gender Female Occupation 4th Grade Schoolteacher (Prior to Season 1 - Season 4), Writer (Season 4 - Present) Family Joyce Flynn - Moranto (mother) Mr Flynn (father; deceased) Victoria Flynn (Younger Sister) Vince Moranto (step - father) Spouse (s) Mike Biggs Children William Michael Biggs (Adopted Son) Unborn Child (expecting with Mike) Relatives Peggy Biggs (mother - in - law) Jack Biggs (father - in - law) Religion Roman Catholic Nationality American Title: Whose Line Is It Anyway? (American TV series) Passage: Whose Line Is It Anyway? Logo since season nine Genre Comedy Created by Dan Patterson Mark Leveson Presented by Drew Carey Aisha Tyler Starring Ryan Stiles Colin Mochrie Wayne Brady Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 14 No. of episodes 324 (list of episodes) Production Running time 22 minutes Production company (s) Hat Trick Productions Warner Bros. Television Angst Productions Warner Horizon Television Distributor Warner Bros. Television Release Original network ABC (1998 -- 2004) ABC Family (2005 -- 2007) The CW (2013 --) Picture format 4: 3 (ABC) HDTV 1080i (The CW) Original release August 5, 1998 -- December 15, 2007 Revival: July 16, 2013 -- present Chronology Related shows Whose Line Is It Anyway? (UK TV series) External links Website Title: Jillian Harris Passage: In early 2009, Harris was a contestant on the thirteenth season of the American TV show The Bachelor, where she competed against 24 other women to win the heart of Jason Mesnick and finished as second - runner - up. In mid 2009, she was selected to be the star of the fifth season of The Bachelorette, making history as the franchise's first Canadian star. She chose Ed Swiderski as the winner of her season, and the two became engaged but later broke up.	[ "Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5)", "Aavarana" ]
What larger group of mountains does the mountain range which includes the Ruchstock belong to?	Western Alps	[]	Title: Stord (island) Passage: Stord is an island in Hordaland county, Norway. Located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland, the island is part of the municipalities of Stord (southern part) and Fitjar (northern part). The largest settlements on the island are the town of Leirvik (granted town status in 1997) and the villages of Sagvåg and Fitjar. Title: Uri Alps Passage: The Uri Alps (also known as "Urner Alps", ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss). Title: Duchy of Jülich Passage: In 1794 Revolutionary France occupied the Duchy of Jülich (Duché de Juliers), which became part of the French département of the Roer. The Treaty of Lunéville in 1801 officially acknowledged the cession of Jülich to France. In 1815, following the defeat of Napoleon, the duchy became part of the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (after 1822 part of the Prussian Rhine Province), except for the cities Sittard and Tegelen, which became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Title: I Am Anne Frank (American Horror Story) Passage: "I Am Anne Frank" is a two-part episode, consisting of the fourth and fifth episodes of the of the FX anthology television series "American Horror Story". The first part aired on November 7, 2012, and the second aired on November 14, 2012. The first part is written by Jessica Sharzer and directed by Michael Uppendahl, and the second part is written by Brad Falchuk and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon. Both episodes are rated TV-MA (LSV). Title: Heungdeok-gu Passage: Heungdeok-gu is a non-autonomous district in the City of Cheongju in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Heungdeok-gu was re-established from a part of Heungdeok-gu and a part of Cheongwon-gun in July 2014. The newly created Seowon-gu annexed the part of Heungdeok-gu. Title: ISO 3166-2:PE Passage: Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is PE, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Peru. The second part is three letters. Title: Arizona's 5th congressional district Passage: Representative Party Years Congress (es) Electoral history Description and Counties James F. McNulty, Jr. Democratic January 3, 1983 -- January 3, 1985 98 Lost re-election Southeast Arizona, including parts of Tucson: Cochise, Greenlee, Graham (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part), Santa Cruz (part) Jim Kolbe Republican January 3, 1985 -- January 3, 1993 99 100 101 102 Redistricted to the 8th district January 3, 1993 -- January 3, 2003 103 104 105 106 107 Southeast Arizona, including parts of Tucson: Cochise, Graham (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part) J.D. Hayworth Republican January 3, 2003 -- January 3, 2007 108 109 Redistricted from the 6th district Lost re-election Maricopa (part): Parts of Metro Phoenix Harry Mitchell Democratic January 3, 2007 -- January 3, 2011 110 111 Lost re-election David Schweikert Republican January 3, 2011 -- January 3, 2013 112 Redistricted to the 6th district Matt Salmon Republican January 3, 2013 -- January 3, 2017 113 114 First elected in 2012 Maricopa (part): Southeastern parts of Metro Phoenix Andy Biggs Republican January 3, 2017 -- 115 First elected in 2016 Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future's success led to two film sequels: Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III. Title: Istočno Novo Sarajevo Passage: It was created from part of the pre-war municipality of Novo Sarajevo (the other part of the pre-war municipality is now in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Title: Clemson, South Carolina Passage: Clemson is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area. Most of the city is in Pickens County, which is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area. A small portion is in Anderson County, which is part of the Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: Alsace Passage: The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. Title: Chora Botor Passage: Chora Botor is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of Limmu Kosa woreda. It is part of the Jimma Zone. Title: Jinonice Passage: Jinonice is a district of Prague, mostly part of Prague 5, but a small area is part of Prague 13. It is located on the north edge of Prokopské údolí national park. Jinonice has been a part of Prague city since 1922. Title: Gramsh, Lezhë Passage: Gramsh is a settlement in the Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. It was part of the former municipality Dajç. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Lezhë. Title: Medicare (United States) Passage: Medicare is further divided into parts A and B -- Medicare Part A covers hospital (inpatient, formally admitted only), skilled nursing (only after being formally admitted for three days and not for custodial care), and hospice services; Part B covers outpatient services including some providers services while inpatient at a hospital. Part D covers self - administered prescription drugs. Part C is an alternative called Managed Medicare by the Trustees that allows patients to choose plans with at least the same benefits as Parts A and B (but most often more), often the benefits of Part D, and always an annual out of pocket spend limit which A and B lack; the beneficiary must enroll in Parts A and B first before signing up for Part C. Title: Ruchstock Passage: The Ruchstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps in Central Switzerland. Near its summit is located the tripoint between the cantons of Nidwalden, Uri and Obwalden. The summit itself (2,814 metres) is on the border between Nidwalden and Uri. Title: Daybreak (Battlestar Galactica) Passage: ``Daybreak ''is the three - part series finale of the reimagined science fiction television series Battlestar Galactica, and are the 74th (labeled`` Daybreak, Part 1'' on the DVD) and 75th (labeled ``Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3 ''on the DVD) episodes overall. The episodes aired on the U.S. Sci Fi Channel and SPACE in Canada respectively on March 13 and March 20, 2009. The second part (`` Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3'') is double - length. The episodes were written by Ronald D. Moore, and directed by Michael Rymer. The Season 4.5 DVD and Blu - ray releases for Region 1 feature an extended version of the finale, which not only combines all three parts as a single episode, but also integrates it with new scenes not seen in the aired version of either part. The survivor count shown in the title sequence for Part 1 is 39,516. The survivor count shown in the title sequence for Part 2 is 39,406. At the end of Part 2, Admiral Adama announces the survivor population at approximately 38,000. Title: Avren, Varna Province Passage: Avren (, pronounced ) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Avren Municipality in the eastern part of Varna Province. Title: Wadera (woreda) Passage: Wadera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Adolana Wadera woreda. It is part of the Guji Zone. The largest town is Wadera. Title: Montgomery, Vermont Passage: Montgomery is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 1,201, up from 992 in 2000. In 1963, part of Avery's Gore in Franklin County became part of Montgomery, with the other section becoming part of Belvidere in Lamoille County.	[ "Ruchstock", "Uri Alps" ]
What percentage of the population of the city where Daniel William Coquillett died was under the age of 18?	25.7%	[]	Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over. Title: List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations Passage: Top Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest percentages of Blacks or African - Americans, alone or with other races City Total Population Black or African American, alone or with other races Black or African American, alone Mixed - race Black / African - American Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Detroit, MI 713,777 84.3 82.7 83 1.6 Jackson, MS 173,514 80.1 79.4 242 0.7 Miami Gardens, FL 107,167 77.9 76.3 91 1.6 Birmingham, AL 212,237 74.0 73.4 257 0.6 Baltimore, MD 620,961 5 65.1 5 63.7 134 1.3 Memphis, TN 646,889 6 64.1 6 63.3 225 0.8 New Orleans, LA 343,831 7 61.2 7 60.2 184 1.0 Flint, MI 102,434 8 59.5 9 56.6 9 2.9 Montgomery, AL 205,764 9 57.4 8 56.6 231 0.8 Savannah, GA 136,286 10 56.7 10 55.4 139 1.3 Title: Garfield County, Montana Passage: the county population contained 24.50% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 23.30% from 25 to 44, 25.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.40 males. Title: Cherokee County, North Carolina Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 20.60% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 24.40% from 25 to 44, 28.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males. Title: Birmingham, Iowa Passage: The median income for a household in the city was $31,406, and the median income for a family was $40,250. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $20,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,554. 8.8% of the population and 3.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.1% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Title: Milwaukee Passage: In 2000, the Census estimated at least 1,408 same-sex households in Milwaukee, or about 0.6% of all households in the city. Gay-friendly communities have developed primarily in Walker's Point, but also in Bay View, Historic Third Ward, Washington Heights, Riverwest, and the East Side. In 2001, Milwaukee was named the #1 city for lesbians by Girlfriends magazine.The city's population is spread out with 28.6% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females, there are 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.2 males. Title: Portland, Oregon Passage: As of the 2010 census, there are 583,776 people residing in the city, organized into 235,508 households. The population density is 4,375.2 people per square mile. There are 265,439 housing units at an average density of 1989.4 per square mile (1,236.3/km²). Population growth in Portland increased 10.3% between 2000 and 2010. Population growth in the Portland metropolitan area has outpaced the national average during the last decade, and this is expected to continue over the next 50 years.Out of 223,737 households, 24.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% are married couples living together, 10.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% are non-families. 34.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.3 and the average family size is 3. The age distribution was 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females, there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.9 males. Title: Gallup, New Mexico Passage: Gallup (Navajo: Naʼnízhoozhí) is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States, with a population of 21,678 as of the 2010 census. A substantial percentage of its population is Native American, with residents from the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni tribes. Gallup is the county seat of McKinley County and the most populous city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, along the historic U.S. Route 66. Title: Kaufman County, Texas Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 29.20% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.50% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males. Title: New Hope, Minnesota Passage: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males. Title: San Diego Passage: The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups. Title: Daniel William Coquillett Passage: Daniel William Coquillett (23 January 1856, Pleasant Valley, Ill. – 7 July 1911 Atlantic City, New Jersey) was an American entomologist who specialised in Diptera. He wrote a revision of the dipterous family Therevidae and many other scientific papers in which he described many new species and genera of Diptera. Coquillett was also the first to attempt fumigation with hydrocyanic acid as a means for controlling citrus scale insects. He experimented in the Wolfskill orange groves where he was supported by the foreman and later quarantine entomologist Alexander Craw in 1888-89. Title: List of Rectify episodes Passage: "Rectify" is an American television drama series created by Ray McKinnon. The series stars Aden Young as Daniel Holden, a man who was convicted and put on death row at the age of 18, for the rape and murder of his childhood sweetheart. When new evidence comes to light, Daniel is released and returns to his family in his old hometown. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. Title: Clay Center, Kansas Passage: The median income for a household in the city was $31,531, and the median income for a family was $45,567. Males had a median income of $29,526 versus $16,149 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,128. About 5.9% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over. Title: Estill County, Kentucky Passage: In the county, the population was spread out with 24.20% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.20% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males. Title: Montana Passage: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010. The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010. Title: Childress County, Texas Passage: In the county, the population was distributed as 22.10% under the age of 18, 12.10% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 149.50 males. Title: Flathead County, Montana Passage: The county population contained 25.90% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 26.40% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.10 males. Title: Willy Puchner Passage: Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects "Die 90-jährigen" (At the Age of 90), "Dialog mit dem Alter" (Dialogue with the High Age), "Die 100-jährigen" (At the Age of 100), "Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie" (Oral History and Photography) and "Liebe im Alter" (Love at High Age).	[ "Daniel William Coquillett", "Atlantic City, New Jersey" ]
Who is a sibling of a cast member of Behind the Scenes?	Jack Pickford	[]	Title: Kemble family Passage: In George Henry Harlow's famous painting "The Court for the Trial of Queen Katharine" he depicted many of the Kemble family members. The subject of the painting comes from Henry VIII, Act II, Scene iv, and the refutation of Cardinal Wolsey, charged with obtaining Henry's divorce from his Queen, Katherine. The production was mounted by John Philip Kemble when he took over the management of Covent Garden in 1806. Harlow was a personal friend of the Kemble family and this picture is homage to his friends. John Philip Kemble clothed in scarlet plays Wolsey; his brother Charles Kemble (in black) has the part of Thomas Cromwell and sits behind the table. Immediately behind and above him is Stephen Kemble as Henry. The sister, Sarah Siddons, is Katherine. Title: Black Panther (film) Passage: Black Panther was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on May 8, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu - ray, Blu - ray, and DVD on May 15. The digital and Blu - ray releases include behind - the - scenes featurettes; audio commentary; deleted scenes; a blooper reel; an exclusive look at Ant - Man and the Wasp; and a featurette on the first ten years of the MCU. Title: Tainted Love Passage: American band Marilyn Manson covered "Tainted Love" with an arrangement based on Soft Cell's version. It was released in 2001 as a single from the "Not Another Teen Movie" soundtrack. The accompanying music video featured cast members Chyler Leigh, Chris Evans and Jaime Pressly. It was later included as a bonus track on international editions of the band's following album, "The Golden Age of Grotesque". The eponymous vocalist said that he was not "really thinking about '80s nostalgia" during the recording, while recognizing it as a main concept behind the soundtrack. Title: Adolescence Passage: During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling. Title: Spider-Man: Homecoming Passage: Spider - Man: Homecoming was released on digital download by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on September 26, 2017, and on Blu - ray, Blu - ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu - ray and DVD on October 17, 2017. The digital and Blu - ray releases include behind - the - scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel. Title: Suzee Ikeda Passage: Suzee Ikeda is an American singer who was the first Asian-American solo artist at Motown. However, she is best known for her work "behind the scenes" at Motown with such acts as Michael Jackson and The Temptations. Title: 3 Idiots Passage: Principal photography began on July 28, 2008. Hirani and his team left in late August for the shoot with the principal cast. The film was shot in Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Ladakh, Chail and Shimla. Aamir and rest of the cast began shooting in early September. Hirani planned to wrap up the film by December. The first scene was shot in an aircraft with Madhavan. From Mumbai, the crew and cast comprising Aamir and Kareena went to Ladakh for a 20 - day schedule. Filming of the ICE college scenes took place at the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore campus for 33 days as a part of the second schedule of production. The dormitory scenes were filmed at the institution's female dormitory block. Title: It'll Be Alright on the Night Passage: It'll be Alright on the Night is a British television bloopers programme screened on ITV and produced by ITV Studios. It was one of the first series created with the specific purpose of showing behind the scenes bloopers from film and TV and ran regularly until 2016. Title: Niall Rafferty Passage: Niall Rafferty (born Matthew McQueen) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Barry Sloane. He first appeared during an episode broadcast on 3 December 2007. Former "Brookside" actor Sloane was cast as the "mysterious" hairdresser Niall and was introduced by the series' producer Bryan Kirkwood. During Sloane's portrayal of Niall on-screen, he was central to a storyline involving the already-established McQueen family and it was revealed Niall was the illegitimate son of Myra McQueen (Nicole Barber-Lane). The storyline featured Niall seek revenge on the McQueens, which concluded in highly advertised episodes featuring Niall kidnapping his siblings and causing the death of his half-sister Tina Reilly (Leah Hackett). Niall was portrayed by upcoming actor Devon Jackson, the older brother of "Hollyoaks" actor Kieron Richardson, in flashback scenes depicting Niall's childhood. Title: Spaced Passage: "Spaced" Series 1 and 2 were both released on DVD in the United Kingdom. These were followed by a boxed set which collects the previously released single-series DVDs, adding a bonus disc with a feature-length documentary, "Skip to the End", behind the scenes of the show, as well as a music video by Osymyso. Title: Bye, Felicia Passage: The phrase ``Bye, Felicia ''(actually spelled`` Felisha'' in the cast listing) came from a scene in the American stoner buddy crime comedy film Friday (1995). According to Ice Cube, who starred in the film and co-wrote its script, ``Bye, Felicia ''is`` the phrase 'to get anyone out of your face','' and, as it was used in the Friday scene, is generally intended as a dismissive kiss - off. Title: Boyzone Passage: In November 1999, after six years together and amid growing tensions behind the scenes, the group members decided to take some time off from Boyzone to pursue solo projects. Boyzone performed together for the last time in Ireland at the point depot during nine dates running from 3–8 January and 10–12 January 2000, they had sold more than 20 million records in total and all 16 of their singles reached the UK top five and they became the first Irish act to have four No. 1 hits in the United Kingdom charts. Title: Así Passage: Así is the fifth studio album by Mexican singer Benny Ibarra, in which he worked with different musicians such as Erik Rubin. It was certified Gold in the first week. The singles were "Cada Paso" and "Dejalo Ir". A limited edition contained a DVD with the videoclip of "Cada Paso", behind the scenes and making of the album. Title: Rhys Lawson Passage: Rhys Lawson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Neighbours", played by Ben Barber. The actor's casting was announced on 18 May 2011 and he began filming his first scenes the week before opposite established cast members Alan Fletcher (Karl Kennedy) and Jackie Woodburne (Susan Kennedy). Barber said he loved his character and was looking forward to what was ahead. He made his debut screen appearance on 13 July 2011. In November 2012, it was announced that Barber would be leaving "Neighbours" and Rhys made his last screen appearance on 20 March 2013. Title: Behind the Scenes (1914 film) Passage: Behind the Scenes is a 1914 American silent drama film produced by Famous Players-Lasky, released by Paramount Pictures, based on the play "Behind the Scenes" by Margaret Mayo, and starring Mary Pickford as a struggling young actress. James Kirkwood directed and co-starred. Title: Road Trip (Girl Authority album) Passage: Road Trip is the second and final album from American girl group Girl Authority. Unlike the first album, "Road Trip" is a mixture of cover songs and original songs performed by Girl Authority. "Road Trip" is also featured with a DVD, documenting a behind the scenes glance into the production of the album and the girls. Title: The Deep End of the Ocean (film) Passage: According to a small behind - the - scenes booklet featured on the DVD release, the film began production on October 27, 1997 and was predominantly shot in Los Angeles. Oprah Winfrey was considered for the role of Det. Candace ``Candy ''Bliss before Whoopi Goldberg was cast. Coincidentally, the novel in which this movie is based was the very first book selected by Winfrey to be discussed on Oprah's Book Club in 1996. Title: List of Saturday Night Live guests Passage: Several former cast members have returned to take on hosting duties. Original cast member Chevy Chase has hosted the most times, eight in total. Tina Fey follows behind, having hosted six times, while Bill Murray has hosted five times. On December 11, 1982, Eddie Murphy became the only person to host while still a member of the cast, filling the role at the last minute when the scheduled host (his 48 Hours co-star Nick Nolte) became ill. Title: Exit Smiling Passage: Exit Smiling is a 1926 comedy film directed by Sam Taylor and starring New York and London revues star Beatrice Lillie in her first (and only silent) film role and Jack Pickford, the brother of star Mary Pickford. The film was also the debut of actor Franklin Pangborn. This film is available on DVD from the Warner Archives Collection. Title: Charlotte Ritchie Passage: Charlotte Ritchie (born 29 August 1989) is a British actress and singer - songwriter. She is a member of the classical crossover band All Angels. She has been a main cast member in Channel 4's Fresh Meat and the BBC's Siblings. From January 2015 she joined the cast of the BBC's Call the Midwife, playing Barbara Gilbert.	[ "Exit Smiling", "Behind the Scenes (1914 film)" ]
When did the country Harrysong comes from become a federation of 19 states?	1976	[]	Title: West Indies Federation Passage: The West Indies Federation, also known as the West Indies, the Federation of the West Indies or the West Indian Federation, was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were colonies of the United Kingdom, including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica, and those on the Leeward and Windward Islands, came together to form the Federation, with its capital in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state—possibly similar to the Canadian Confederation, Australian Commonwealth, or Central African Federation; however, before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts over how the Federation itself would be governed or how it would viably function. The territories that would have become part of the Federation eventually became the nine contemporary sovereign states of Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago; with Anguilla, Montserrat, the Cayman Islands, and Turks and Caicos Islands becoming British overseas territories. British Guiana (Guyana) and British Honduras (Belize) held observer status within the West Indies Federation. Title: United States presidential line of succession Passage: The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns or is removed from office. (A President can be removed from office by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate.) The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States, which currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State. Those heads of departments who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen. Title: History of Goa Passage: India made many requisitions to the Salazar regime of Portugal to grant their Indian colonies independence, but when that failed, on 18 December 1961, Indian troops crossed the border into Goa and ``liberated ''it. Operation Vijay involved sustained land, sea and air strikes for more than thirty - six hours; it resulted in the unconditional surrender of Portuguese forces on 19 December. A United Nations resolution`` condemning'' the invasion was proposed by the United States and the United Kingdom in the United Nations Security Council, but would be vetoed by the USSR. The territory of Goa was under military rule for five months. However, the previous civil service was soon restored. Goan voters went to the polls in a referendum and voted to become an autonomous, federally administered territory. Goa was later admitted Indian statehood in 1987. Goa celebrates ``Liberation Day ''on 19 December every year, which is also a state holiday. Title: American Federation of Labor Passage: The American Federation of Labor (AFL) organized as an association of trade unions in 1886. The organization emerged from a dispute with the Knights of Labor (K of L) organization, in which the leadership of that organization solicited locals of various craft unions to withdraw from their International organizations and to affiliate with the K of L directly, an action which would have taken funds from the various unions and enriched the K of L's coffers. The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions also merged into what would become the American Federation of Labor. Title: Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Passage: The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (officially abbreviated Fed. R. Civ. P.; colloquially FRCP) govern civil procedure (i.e. for civil lawsuits) in United States district (federal) courts. The FRCP are promulgated by the United States Supreme Court pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act, and then the United States Congress has seven months to veto the rules promulgated or they become part of the FRCP. The Court's modifications to the rules are usually based upon recommendations from the Judicial Conference of the United States, the federal judiciary's internal policy - making body. Although federal courts are required to apply the substantive law of the states as rules of decision in cases where state law is in question, the federal courts almost always use the FRCP as their rules of procedure. (States may determine their own rules, which apply in state courts, although most states have adopted rules that are based on the FRCP.) Title: States of Nigeria Passage: Date Events Map 1960 - 1963 At the time of independence in 1960, Nigeria was a Federal State of three Regions: Northern, Western, and Eastern. Additionally, provinces, which were a legacy of colonial times, remained extant until they were abolished in 1976. 1963 - 1967 In 1963, two provinces were detached from the Western Region to form the new Mid-Western Region. 1967 - 1976 In 1967, the regions were replaced by 12 states due to a military decree; only the former Mid-Western Region escaped division, and formed a single state following the restructuring. From 1967 to 1970 the areas of Mid-Western State and the Eastern Region attempted to secede, as a nation called Biafra during the Nigerian civil war. 1976 - 1987 In 1976, seven new states were created, making 19 altogether. 1987 - 1991 During this period, there were 21 states and later, Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory. 1991 - 1996 During this period, there were 30 states and the Federal Capital Territory. The Federal Capital Territory was established in 1991. In 1987 two new states were established, followed by another nine in 1991, bringing the total to 30. The latest change, in 1996, resulted in the present number of 36 states. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria is a Federal Republic modelled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president. It is influenced by the Westminster System model[citation needed] in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature. The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms. In the March 28, 2015 presidential election, General Muhammadu Buhari emerged victorious to become the Federal President of Nigeria, defeating then incumbent Goodluck Jonathan. Title: Geoff Craige Passage: Craige was born at Port Lincoln in South Australia, and was educated at Port Lincoln High School. He served in the Royal Australian Navy from 1961 to 1980, becoming a chief petty officer in the navy's medical branch. He then served as an organiser for the Federated Clerks' Union from 1980 to 1984, and was director of industrial relations for the Victorian Farmers Federation from 1984 until his election to parliament in 1988. Title: Federalism Passage: Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both. In its foundation, it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..." This stems from the fact that states in the US maintain all sovereignty that they do not yield to the federation by their own consent. This was reaffirmed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people. Title: Emergency management Passage: In the United States, all disasters are initially local, with local authorities, with usually a police, fire, or EMS agency, taking charge. Many local municipalities may also have a separate dedicated office of emergency management (OEM), along with personnel and equipment. If the event becomes overwhelming to the local government, state emergency management (the primary government structure of the United States) becomes the controlling emergency management agency. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the lead federal agency for emergency management. The United States and its territories are broken down into ten regions for FEMA's emergency management purposes. FEMA supports, but does not override, state authority. Title: United States courts of appeals Passage: The United States courts of appeals or circuit courts are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system. A court of appeals decides appeals from the district courts within its federal judicial circuit, and in some instances from other designated federal courts and administrative agencies. Title: Constitutional Convention (United States) Passage: In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing that the Convention would work to its disadvantage, boycotted the Convention and, when the Constitution was put to the states during the next year of controversial debates, initially refused to ratify it, waiting until May 1790 to become the thirteenth, a year after the new federal government commenced. Title: Václav Klaus Passage: Václav Klaus (; born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second President of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013. He also served as the second and last Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, a federal subject of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, from July 1992 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993, and as the first Prime Minister of the newly-independent Czech Republic from 1993 to 1998. Title: Mali Federation Passage: The Mali Federation () was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police) which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal. Title: United States presidential line of succession Passage: The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns or is removed from office. (A President can be removed from office by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate.) The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States, which currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State. Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen. Title: Civil disobedience Passage: It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen notes, "It has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew it has become a code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins." Title: Federalism Passage: The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America. In this Federation, each State had a "President" of its own that controlled almost every issue, even the creation of "State Armies," while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state. Title: Federation of South Arabia Passage: The Federation of South Arabia ( "") was an organization of states under British protection in what would become South Yemen. It was formed on 4 April 1962 from the 15 protected states of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South. On 18 January 1963 it was merged with the Crown colony of Aden. In June 1964, the Upper Aulaqi Sultanate was added for a total of 17 states. A team was sent to the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. The Federation was abolished on 30 November 1967, when its status as a British protectorate came to an end, along with that of the Protectorate of South Arabia, and they became the People's Republic of Southern Yemen. Title: Treaty Clause Passage: The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two - thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. Title: Harrysong Passage: Harrison Tare Okiri, better known by his stage name Harrysong, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and instrumentalist who rose to fame after his tribute song to Nelson Mandela won the "Most Downloaded Callertune Award" at The Headies 2013. Harrysong was born in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria to Ijaw parents but moved to Lagos in 2007 after spending some of his early life in Port Harcourt. Prior to signing to QuestionMark Entertainment, Harrysong used to perform at night clubs until he met Kcee who introduced him to top music personalities. In 2014, Harrysong was nominated in the "Best Pop/R&B Artist of the Year" category at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards after the release of his chart-topping song "Beta Pikin".	[ "States of Nigeria", "Harrysong" ]
Where in the country where Silvia Degante Romero's political party is based would you find monsters?	Sonora	[]	Title: Diary of the Dead Passage: The film is the fifth film in Romero's "Dead" series and there are some notable references to earlier Romero films, as when the news track from 1968's "Night of the Living Dead" is used in the scene where the cast is in Ben's garage; but the film is not a direct sequel to any of Romero's films: the film is "a rejigging of the myth" according to Romero. The film takes place concurrently with the events depicted in "Night of the Living Dead". This was partially based on a practical concern as Romero thought that if the film took place too far into the zombie apocalypse, schools would have been closed and thus it wouldn't make sense to have student filmmakers as a focal point. He was also inspired partially by the "Book of the Dead" anthology series which depicts other events that happened during the same time frame. Even though the fourth film, "Land of the Dead", was studio-produced through Universal Studios, "Diary of the Dead" was produced by Romero-Grunwald Productions, formed by Romero and his producer friend Peter Grunwald, with Artfire Films. Title: Silvia Adriana Țicău Passage: Silvia Adriana Țicău (born 14 November 1970 in Galaţi) is a Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Romania to the European Union. Title: Night of the Living Dead Passage: Night of the Living Dead is a 1968 American independent horror film written, directed, photographed and edited by George A. Romero, co-written by John Russo, and starring Duane Jones and Judith O'Dea. The story follows seven people who are trapped in a rural farmhouse in western Pennsylvania, which is besieged by a large and growing group of ``living dead ''monsters. Title: 51st state Passage: The Philippines has had small grassroots movements for U.S. statehood. Originally part of the platform of the Progressive Party, then known as the Federalista Party, the party dropped it in 1907, which coincided with the name change. As recently as 2004, the concept of the Philippines becoming a U.S. state has been part of a political platform in the Philippines. Supporters of this movement include Filipinos who believe that the quality of life in the Philippines would be higher and that there would be less poverty there if the Philippines were an American state or territory. Supporters also include Filipinos that had fought as members of the United States Armed Forces in various wars during the Commonwealth period. Title: Luisa María Calderón Passage: Luisa María de Guadalupe Calderón Hinojosa (born October 23, 1956 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party who served in the Senate of Mexico from 2000 until September 2006. She is currently senator-elect as a PAN proportional representative. Her term in the senate began in late 2012 and will continue through 2018. "Cocoa" (her nickname) is known as a champion for women and minority rights throughout Mexico. Title: Tukaram Gangadhar Gadakh Passage: Gadakh Tukaram Gangadhar (born 1 November 1953) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Ahmednagar constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) political party. Title: Night of the Living Dead Passage: Night of the Living Dead is a 1968 American independent horror film directed by George A. Romero, co-written by Romero and John Russo, and starring Duane Jones and Judith O'Dea. The story follows characters Ben (Jones), Barbra (O'Dea), and five others trapped in a rural farmhouse in western Pennsylvania, which is besieged by a large and growing group of unnamed ``living dead ''monsters. Title: Left Grouping of the Valencian Country Passage: Left Grouping of the Valencian Country (in Catalan: "Agrupament d'Esquerra del País Valencià") was a political group created in 1982 out of a nationalist splinter-group of the Communist Party of the Valencian Country (PCPV), the 'possibilist' sector of the Socialist Party of National Liberation of the Catalan Countries (PSAN) and independent leftwing nationalists. AEPV was registered as a political party. Soon after its foundation AEPV initiated cooperation with the Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country (PNPV) and the Left Unity of the Valencian Country (UEPV), with whom AEPV founded the coalition Valencian People's Union (UPV). Title: Carlos Martínez Gorriarán Passage: Carlos Martínez Gorriarán is a Spanish scholar, born in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. After being a member of marxist and basque nationalist movements, he became one of the founding members and spokespersons of ¡Basta Ya! association and head of the Plataforma Pro from which the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) party emerged in September 2007. In ¡Basta Ya! he was opposed to ETA, and also to the "obligatory nationalism" that he considered to be occurring in the Basque Country. He is a member of the Directing and Political counsels of the party. Title: Political party Passage: The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican dominance before a split occurred between National Republicans and Democratic Republicans. The former became the Whig Party and the latter became the Democratic Party. The Whigs survived only for two decades before they split over the spread of slavery, those opposed becoming members of the new Republican Party, as did anti-slavery members of the Democratic Party. Third parties (such as the Libertarian Party) often receive little support and are very rarely the victors in elections. Despite this, there have been several examples of third parties siphoning votes from major parties that were expected to win (such as Theodore Roosevelt in the election of 1912 and George Wallace in the election of 1968). As third party movements have learned, the Electoral College's requirement of a nationally distributed majority makes it difficult for third parties to succeed. Thus, such parties rarely win many electoral votes, although their popular support within a state may tip it toward one party or the other. Wallace had weak support outside the South. More generally, parties with a broad base of support across regions or among economic and other interest groups, have a great chance of winning the necessary plurality in the U.S.'s largely single-member district, winner-take-all elections. The tremendous land area and large population of the country are formidable challenges to political parties with a narrow appeal. Title: Silvia Degante Romero Passage: Silvia Emilia Degante Romero (born 6 August 1969) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing San Luis Potosí. Title: Warsaw Pact Passage: The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union. Title: Prabhatsinh Pratapsinh Chauhan Passage: Prabhatsinh Pratapsinh Chauhan is a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Panchmahal constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. Title: Gila monster Passage: The Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum, HEE-lə) is a species of venomous lizard native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexican state of Sonora. A heavy, typically slow-moving lizard, up to 60 cm (2.0 ft) long, the Gila monster is the only venomous lizard native to the United States and one of only two known species of venomous lizards in North America, the other being its close relative, the Mexican beaded lizard (H. horridum). Although the Gila monster is venomous, its sluggish nature means it represents little threat to humans. However, it has acquired a fearsome reputation, and is sometimes killed despite being protected by state law in Arizona. In 2019, the state of Utah made the Gila monster its official state reptile. Title: Neeta Pateriya Passage: Neeta Pateriya (born 3 November 1962) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. She represents the Seoni constituency of Madhya Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. Title: Communist Party of Canada Passage: The Communist Party of Canada (French: Parti communiste du Canada, CPC / PCC) is a communist political party in Canada founded in 1921 under conditions of illegality. Although it is now a political party without any elected political representation, the party's candidates have been elected to the Parliament of Canada, the Ontario legislature, the Manitoba legislature, and various municipal governments across the country. The party has also contributed significantly to trade union organizing and labour history in Canada, peace and anti-war activism, and many other social movements. Title: Rashtriya Swabhiman Party Passage: The Rashtriya Swabhiman Party (RSP) is a political party in India, previously known as Lok Parivartan Party (LPP). Some of the members from the group are related to the Bahujan Samaj Swabhiman Sangharsh Samiti (BS-4). Title: 11th Lok Sabha Passage: General elections were held in India in April -- May 1996 to elect the members of the 11th Lok Sabha. The result of the election was a hung parliament, which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janta Party, single largest party to win this election, winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha, formed the government which lasted for only 16 days. Title: Asker Passage: Asker is politically dominated by the conservatives, and the mayor is Lene Conradi who is a member of the Conservative Party of Norway "(Høyre)". Title: Cyprus Passage: The House of Representatives currently has 59 members elected for a five-year term, 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Armenian, Latin and Maronite minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community but remain vacant since 1964. The political environment is dominated by the communist AKEL, the liberal conservative Democratic Rally, the centrist Democratic Party, the social-democratic EDEK and the centrist EURO.KO. In 2008, Dimitris Christofias became the country's first Communist head of state. Due to his involvement in the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, Christofias did not run for re-election in 2013. The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades winning 57.48% of the vote. As a result, Anastasiades was sworn in on and has been President since 28 February 2013.	[ "Luisa María Calderón", "Gila monster", "Silvia Degante Romero" ]
What is the largest football stadium in the world in the country neighboring the country with the best internet in the world?	The Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, also known as the May Day Stadium	[]	Title: Rungrado 1st of May Stadium Passage: The Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, also known as the May Day Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Pyongyang, North Korea, completed on 1 May 1989. It is the largest stadium in the world, with a total capacity of 114,000. The site occupies an area of 20.7 hectares (51 acres). Title: Rose Bowl (stadium) Passage: One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as a college football venue, specifically as the host of the annual Rose Bowl Game for which it is named. Since 1982, it has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has also hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. The Rose Bowl is also a noted soccer venue, having hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final, 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, as well as numerous CONCACAF and United States Soccer Federation matches. Title: O'Higgins Braden Passage: The Stadium of O'Higgins Braden was the World Cup Stadium Estadio El Teniente. The stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Rancagua, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 14,450 people and was built in 1945. The stadium hosted several matches of the FIFA World Cup in 1962. Title: Internet in the United States Passage: The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in the United States in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet access in the United States is largely provided by the private sector and is available in a variety of forms, using a variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In 2015, 97.5% of Americans were using the Internet, which ranks the U.S. 4th out of 211 countries in the world. The United States ranks # 1 in the world with 7,000 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) according to the CIA. Title: Montevideo Passage: Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field. Title: Likas Stadium Passage: Likas Stadium (Malay: "Stadium Likas") is a stadium in Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. It is mainly used for association football and athletics and it is located within Likas Sports Complex. Likas Stadium has a capacity of 35,000, making it the 8th largest football stadium in Malaysia in terms of seating capacity. Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Passage: The 2018 FIFA World Cup will be the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded the hosting rights on 2 December 2010. This will be the first World Cup held in Europe since the 2006 tournament in Germany; all but one of the stadium venues are in European Russia, west of the Ural Mountains to keep travel time manageable. Title: Arsenal F.C. Passage: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015. Title: 2026 FIFA World Cup Passage: The 2026 FIFA World Cup (; ) will be the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament will be jointly hosted by 16 cities in three North American countries; 60 matches, including the quarterfinals, semi-finals, and the final, will be hosted by the United States while neighboring Canada and Mexico will each host 10 matches. The tournament will be the first hosted by three nations. Title: Rand Stadium Passage: The Rand Stadium is a stadium in Rosettenville, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It was set to be utilized as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after being completely rebuilt and reopened in August 2008. Despite the relatively small capacity, it is regarded as one of the best playing surfaces in the country. Title: Philippine Sports Stadium Passage: The Philippine Sports Stadium, also known as New Era University (NEU) Stadium, is a football and track stadium at Ciudad de Victoria, a 140-hectare tourism enterprise zone in the towns of Bocaue and Santa Maria in Bulacan, Philippines. The stadium was built right next to the Philippine Arena, the world's largest indoor arena. The stadium is the largest football stadium in the Philippines with a maximum seating capacity of 25,000. Its seating capacity is more than twice the seating capacity of the Rizal Memorial Stadium, the national stadium of the country which has a seating capacity of 12,000. Title: FC Barcelona Passage: Barcelona is one of the most supported teams in the world, and has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7). In 2010, the club made history when three players who came through its youth academy (Messi, Iniesta and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school. Title: Iran Passage: Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world. Title: Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club Passage: Lt. Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club plays all its matches at the Bangabandhu National Stadium which is in the Motijheel area in the heart of the city. The stadium had a capacity of close to 55,000 before the work of renovation, making it then the largest stadium of the country. After the renovation, it still remains the largest stadium of the country. Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup Final Passage: The 2014 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 13 July 2014 at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to determine the 2014 FIFA World Cup champion. Germany defeated Argentina 1 -- 0 in extra time, with the only goal being scored by Mario Götze, who collected André Schürrle's cross from the left on his chest before volleying a high left - footed shot into the net. The match was the third final between the two countries, a World Cup record, after their 1986 and 1990 matches, and billed as the world's best player (Lionel Messi) versus the world's best team (Germany). Title: List of countries by Internet connection speeds Passage: Rank Country / Territory Avg. connection speed (Mb / s) Relative speed - Global 5.6 5.6 South Korea 26.7 26.7 Sweden 19.1 19.1 Norway 18.8 18.8 Japan 17.4 17.4 5 Netherlands 17.0 17 6 Hong Kong 16.8 16.8 7 Latvia 16.7 16.7 8 Switzerland 16.7 16.7 9 Finland 16.6 16.6 10 Denmark 16.1 16.1 Title: Boris Paichadze Passage: Boris Paichadze (, ; ; 3 February 1915 – 9 October 1990) was a Georgian footballer, who played for FC Dinamo Tbilisi. The largest stadium in Georgia, the Boris Paichadze Stadium in Tbilisi, is named after him. In 2001, he was voted the best of the 20th century. Title: Arsenal F.C. Passage: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. In terms of revenue, Arsenal is the ninth highest-earning football club in the world, earned €487.6m in 2016–17 season. Based on social media activity from 2014 to 2015, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. In 2018, Forbes estimated the club was the third most valuable in England, with the club being worth $2.24 billion. Title: Geography of South Korea Passage: South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (known in Korea as West Sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as East Sea). Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi). 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37 ° North, 127 ° 30 East. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo, known in Japan as Takeshima). Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Final Passage: The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final is an upcoming football match to determine the winner of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It will be the 21st final of the FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match will be held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia, on 15 July 2018 and will be contested by the winners of the semi-finals.	[ "Geography of South Korea", "Rungrado 1st of May Stadium", "List of countries by Internet connection speeds" ]
In terms of wind energy production, where does the birth state for Harry Stella rank?	seventh in the country	[]	Title: Spain Passage: Spain is one of the world's leading countries in the development and production of renewable energy. In 2010 Spain became the solar power world leader when it overtook the United States with a massive power station plant called La Florida, near Alvarado, Badajoz. Spain is also Europe's main producer of wind energy. In 2010 its wind turbines generated 42,976 GWh, which accounted for 16.4% of all electrical energy produced in Spain. On 9 November 2010, wind energy reached an instantaneous historic peak covering 53% of mainland electricity demand and generating an amount of energy that is equivalent to that of 14 nuclear reactors. Other renewable energies used in Spain are hydroelectric, biomass and marine (2 power plants under construction).Non-renewable energy sources used in Spain are nuclear (8 operative reactors), gas, coal, and oil. Fossil fuels together generated 58% of Spain's electricity in 2009, just below the OECD mean of 61%. Nuclear power generated another 19%, and wind and hydro about 12% each. Title: Estonia Passage: Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports petroleum products from western Europe and Russia. Oil shale energy, telecommunications, textiles, chemical products, banking, services, food and fishing, timber, shipbuilding, electronics, and transportation are key sectors of the economy. The ice-free port of Muuga, near Tallinn, is a modern facility featuring good transshipment capability, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and new oil tanker off-loading capabilities.[citation needed] The railroad serves as a conduit between the West, Russia, and other points to the East.[citation needed] Title: Harry Stella Passage: Stella was born in Iowa and grew up in Kankakee, Illinois. He attended the Missouri School of Mines before enrolling at the United States Military Academy in 1936. Stella played at the tackle position for the Army Cadets football team. He was captain of Army's 1939 football team and was selected by the United Press, "Newsweek" magazine, and International News Service (INS) as a first-team player on the 1939 College Football All-America Team. He also played for the Army baseball team and was the Eastern intercollegiate heavy weight boxing champion. Title: Houston Passage: The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and tenth among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy, as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil, gas, and products pipelines: Title: Massimo Moratti Passage: Massimo Moratti (born 16 May 1945) is an Italian petroleum businessman and chairman of the Saras Group, founded in 1962 by his father, industrialist Angelo Moratti. The main production site of the Saras Group is the Sarroch refinery located on the island of Sardinia, one of Europe's only six supersites, with a capacity of 300,000 barrels per day, representing 15% of refining capacity in Italy. In recent years, initially to enable independence of the Sarroch refinery from terms of energy, the Saras Group has entered into the production of electricity and is expanding its production of alternative energy sources, particularly in the field of wind energy, through its subsidiaries Sarlux and Sardeolica, the latter of which is controlled indirectly through the company Eolici Ulassai. Title: Estonia Passage: Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wind is nearly 60 MW while at the same time roughly 399 MW worth of projects are currently being developed and more than 2800 MW worth of projects are being proposed in the Lake Peipus area and the coastal areas of Hiiumaa. Title: Renewable energy in Australia Passage: Renewable energy in Australia deals with efforts that have been and continue to be made in Australia to quantify and expand the use of renewable energy in the generation of electricity, as fuel in transport and in thermal energy. Renewable energy is created through electricity generation using renewable sources, such as wind, hydro, landfill gas, geothermal, solar PV and solar thermal. Total renewable energy consumption in Australia in 2015 was 346 petajoules (9.6 × 10 kWh) (PJ), 5.9% of Australia's total energy consumption; compared to consumption of 265PJ in 2011 / 12, 4.3% of Australia's total energy consumption. Of all renewable energy consumption in 2015 (in order of contribution) biomass (wood, woodwaste and bagasse) represented 53%, hydroelectricity 19.2%, wind 10.7%, solar PV 5.1%, biogas 4.7%, solar hot water 3.8% and biofuels 3.6%. Bioenergy (the sum of all energy derived from plant matter) represented 61.3% (211.9 PJ) of Australia's total renewable energy consumption in 2015. Title: Wind power in Iowa Passage: Wind farms are most prevalent in the north and west portion of Iowa. Wind maps show the winds in these areas to be stronger on average, making them better suited for the development of wind energy. Average wind speeds are not consistent from month to month. Wind maps show wind speeds are on average strongest from November through April, peaking in March. August is the month with the weakest average wind speeds. On a daily cycle, there is a slight rise in average wind speeds in the afternoon, from 1 to 6 p.m. Estimates by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) indicate Iowa has potentially 570,700 Megawatts of wind power using large turbines mounted on 80 meter towers. Iowa ranks seventh in the country in terms of wind energy generation potential due to the strong average wind speeds in the midsection of the U.S. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet distributes current weather and wind conditions from approximately 450 monitoring stations across Iowa, providing data for modelling and predicting wind power. Title: Klondike, Oregon Passage: Klondike is an unincorporated community in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. It is near the Wasco, Oregon site of the Klondike III Wind Project, Oregon's largest wind energy farm with 176 turbines for wind energy. Title: Musselroe Wind Farm Passage: Musselroe Wind Farm is a wind farm at Cape Portland, Tasmania, Australia. It is third wind farm in the state, being owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania. It consists of 56 Vestas V90-3MW wind turbines, with a generating capacity of 168 MW. The energy output from the Musselroe Wind Farm will be sufficient to supply electricity to around 50,000 households and abate 450,000 tonnes of emissions annually. Title: Oklahoma Passage: According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company. Title: The Collection (play) Passage: The Collection is a 1961 play by Harold Pinter featuring two couples, James and Stella and Harry and Bill. It is a comedy laced with typically "Pinteresque" ambiguity and "implications of threat and strong feeling produced through colloquial language, apparent triviality, and long pauses" ("Oxford English Dictionary"). Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: Worldwide use of solar power and wind power continued to grow significantly in 2012. Solar electricity consumption increased by 58 percent, to 93 terawatt-hours (TWh). Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh. Global solar and wind energy installed capacities continued to expand even though new investments in these technologies declined during 2012. Worldwide investment in solar power in 2012 was $140.4 billion, an 11 percent decline from 2011, and wind power investment was down 10.1 percent, to $80.3 billion. But due to lower production costs for both technologies, total installed capacities grew sharply. This investment decline, but growth in installed capacity, may again occur in 2013. Analysts expect the market to triple by 2030. In 2015, investment in renewables exceeded fossils. Title: Tatanka Wind Farm Passage: The 180 MW Tatanka Wind Farm, is located in Dickey County and McIntosh County, North Dakota, and McPherson County, South Dakota. It is the largest wind farm in North and South Dakota and generates enough renewable energy to power more than 60,000 U.S. homes. Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: In 2013, China led the world in renewable energy production, with a total capacity of 378 GW, mainly from hydroelectric and wind power. As of 2014, China leads the world in the production and use of wind power, solar photovoltaic power and smart grid technologies, generating almost as much water, wind and solar energy as all of France and Germany's power plants combined. China's renewable energy sector is growing faster than its fossil fuels and nuclear power capacity. Since 2005, production of solar cells in China has expanded 100-fold. As Chinese renewable manufacturing has grown, the costs of renewable energy technologies have dropped. Innovation has helped, but the main driver of reduced costs has been market expansion. Title: Wind power in the United States Passage: In 2016, Nebraska became the eighteenth state to have installed over 1,000 MW of wind power capacity. Texas, with over 20,000 MW of capacity, had the most installed wind power capacity of any U.S. state at the end of 2016. Texas also had more under construction than any other state currently has installed. The state generating the highest percentage of energy from wind power is Iowa. North Dakota has the most per capita wind generation. The Alta Wind Energy Center in California is the largest wind farm in the United States with a capacity of 1548 MW. GE Energy is the largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer. Title: Blount, West Virginia Passage: Blount is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Blount is east-southeast of Charleston. Blount had a post office, founded by Harry and Stella Blount which opened on October 30, 1946, and closed on October 24, 2009. Title: Altamont Pass wind farm Passage: The Altamont Pass wind farm is located in the Altamont Pass of the Diablo Range in Northern California. It is one of the earliest wind farms in the United States. The first wind turbines were placed on the Altamont in the early 1980s by Fayette Manufacturing Corporation on land owned by cattle rancher Joe Jess. The wind farm is composed of 4930 relatively small wind turbines of various types, making it at one time the largest wind farm in the world in terms of capacity. Altamont Pass is still one of the largest concentration of wind turbines in the world, with a capacity of 576 megawatts (MW), producing about 125 MW on average and 1.1 terawatt-hours (TWh) yearly. They were installed after the 1970s energy crisis in response to favorable tax policies for investors. Title: Deploying Renewables 2011 Passage: Deploying Renewables 2011: Best and Future Policy Practice is a 2011 book by the International Energy Agency. The book analyses the recent successes in renewable energy, which now accounts for almost a fifth of all electricity produced worldwide, and addresses how countries can best capitalize on that growth to realise a sustainable energy future. The book says that renewable energy commercialization must be stepped up, especially given the world’s increasing appetite for energy and the need to meet this demand more efficiently and with low-carbon energy sources. Wind power and other renewable energy sources offer great potential to address issues of energy security and sustainability. Title: Oklahoma Passage: Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs, and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves. While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011, it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas. Oklahoma has no nuclear power. Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009, Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation.	[ "Harry Stella", "Wind power in Iowa" ]
What percent of people in the country the Voskhod mine is located use Russian as their main language?	46%	[]	Title: Russian language Passage: In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language. Title: Russian language Passage: In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian. Title: Sputnik (rocket) Passage: A later member of the R-7 family, the Polyot, used the same configuration as the Sputnik rocket, but was constructed from Voskhod components. Because of the similarity, the Polyot was sometimes known as the Sputnik 11A59. Title: Dutch language Passage: It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11 percent of households. In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch. Title: Russian language Passage: In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook. Title: Animator.ru Passage: Animator.ru is a Russian website chronicling the films, people and studios of the animation industry in Russia, the former Soviet Union and (to a lesser extent) the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It also includes a forum, a news block, a photo-gallery and an animators labour exchange. The database is available in Russian and English, while the other sections are Russian-language only. Title: Russian language Passage: According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of further weakening of the Russian language in all regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly"). In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Currently the number speakers of Russian language in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world (as the main sources distribution Russian language) and total population Russia (where Russian is an official language). Title: Alexander Potebnja Passage: Alexander Potebnja (; ) was a Russian Imperial philosopher and linguist, who was a professor of linguistics at the University of Kharkov. He is well known as a specialist in the evolution of Russian phonetics. He also translated part of Homer's Odyssey into Ukrainian. He constructed a theory of language and consciousness that later influenced the thinking of his countryman the Psychologist Lev Vygotsky. His main work was "Language and Thought" ("mysl' i jazyk") (1862). he was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, the foremost academic institution in the Russian Empire. Title: Slavs Passage: Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent. The main concentration of indigenous in Honduras are in the rural westernmost areas facing Guatemala and to the Caribbean Sea coastline, as well on the Nicaraguan border. The majority of indigenous people are Lencas, Miskitos to the east, Mayans, Pech, Sumos, and Tolupan. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: The Native American name controversy is an ongoing dispute over the acceptable ways to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and to broad subsets thereof, such as those living in a specific country or sharing certain cultural attributes. When discussing broader subsets of peoples, naming may be based on shared language, region, or historical relationship. Many English exonyms have been used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Some of these names were based on foreign-language terms used by earlier explorers and colonists, while others resulted from the colonists' attempt to translate endonyms from the native language into their own, and yet others were pejorative terms arising out of prejudice and fear, during periods of conflict. Title: East Slavs Passage: The East Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking the East Slavic languages. Formerly the main population of the loose medieval Kievan Rus federation state , by the seventeenth century they evolved into the Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian people. Title: Russian language Passage: In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria). Title: Russian language Passage: Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively. Title: Crimean War Passage: Part of the Russian resistance was credited[by whom?] to the deployment of newly invented blockade mines. Perhaps the most influential contributor to the development of naval mining was a Swede resident in Russia, the inventor and civil engineer Immanuel Nobel (the father of Alfred Nobel). Immanuel Nobel helped the Russian war effort by applying his knowledge of industrial explosives, such as nitroglycerin and gunpowder. One account dates modern naval mining from the Crimean War: "Torpedo mines, if I may use this name given by Fulton to self-acting mines underwater, were among the novelties attempted by the Russians in their defences about Cronstadt and Sevastopol", as one American officer put it in 1860. Title: Montana Passage: English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent). Title: Renewable energy commercialization Passage: EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further. Across the EU, 57 percent thought the proposed goal was "about right" and 16 percent thought it was "too modest." In comparison, 19 percent said it was "too ambitious". Title: Russky Newsweek Passage: Russky Newsweek or "Newsweek Russia" was a Russian language news magazine published in Russia between 2004 and 2010 as the Russian edition of "Newsweek". It was the first news magazine with a Western origin published in the country. Title: Voskhod mine Passage: The Voskhod mine is a large mine in the north-west of Kazakhstan. Voskhod represents one of the largest chromium reserve in Kazakhstan having estimated reserves of 27.1 million tonnes of ore grading 48.5% chromium. The 27.1 million tonnes of ore contains 13.1 million tonnes of chromium metal. Title: Estonian language Passage: When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.	[ "Voskhod mine", "Russian language" ]
Who wants peace with the loser of the Miracle on ice match?	German government	[]	Title: Willie O'Ree Passage: Willie Eldon O'Ree, CM, ONB (born October 15, 1935, in Fredericton, New Brunswick) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, known best for being the first black player in the National Hockey League. O'Ree played as a winger for the Boston Bruins. O'Ree is referred to as the ``Jackie Robinson of ice hockey ''due to breaking the black color barrier in the sport, and has stated publicly that he had met Jackie Robinson twice in his own younger years. Title: Beat of My Heart Passage: "Beat of My Heart" is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for her first compilation album, "Most Wanted" (2005). It was written by Duff and the Dead Executives, a record production team consisting of Jason Epperson, Joel and Benji Madden. Along with the three other new songs on "Most Wanted", "Beat of My Heart" was crafted with the intention of having a "totally different sound" from Duff's previous material. It is an up-tempo new wave-inspired electropop song that incorporates elements of bubblegum pop and dance music in its production. Lyrically, "Beat of My Heart" can be interpreted in many ways. For Duff, it tells the story of a woman "com[ing] out of her shell again" after a bad break-up. Title: Copperhead (politics) Passage: In the 1860s, the Copperheads were a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. Title: 2005 Nobel Peace Prize Passage: The 2005 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way". Title: Herb Brooks Passage: Herbert Paul Brooks Jr. (August 5, 1937 -- August 11, 2003) was an American ice hockey player and coach. His most notable achievement came in 1980 as head coach of the gold medal - winning U.S. Olympic hockey team at Lake Placid. At the games, Brooks' US team upset the heavily favored Soviet team in a match that came to be known as the 'Miracle on Ice'. Brooks would go on to coach multiple NHL teams, as well as the French hockey team at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and ultimately returned to coach the US men's team to a silver medal at the 2002 games in Salt Lake City. Brooks was killed in a 2003 car accident. At the time of his death, Brooks was the Pittsburgh Penguins' director of player personnel. Title: Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics Passage: The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, U.S.A., was the 14th Olympic Championship. Twelve teams competed in the tournament, which was held from February 12 to 24. The United States won its second gold medal, including a win over the heavily favored Soviet Union that became known as the ``Miracle on Ice ''. Games were held at the Olympic Arena and the Olympic Fieldhouse. Title: 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings Passage: The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he "will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process." He went on to say that "we should hasten the peace process." In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated "such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries." Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated "we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs." Title: 2013–14 NLA season Passage: The 2013–14 National League A season is the seventh ice hockey season of Switzerland's top hockey league, the National League A. Overall, it is the 76th season of Swiss professional hockey. It was won by ZSC Lions after beating Kloten Flyers 4-0 in the playoff final. Title: Queen (band) Passage: After working on various solo projects during 1988 (including Mercury's collaboration with Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona), the band released The Miracle in 1989. The album continued the direction of A Kind of Magic, using a pop-rock sound mixed with a few heavy numbers. It spawned the European hits "I Want It All", "Breakthru", "The Invisible Man", "Scandal", and "The Miracle". The Miracle also began a change in direction of Queen's songwriting philosophy. Since the band's beginning, nearly all songs had been written by and credited to a single member, with other members adding minimally. With The Miracle, the band's songwriting became more collaborative, and they vowed to credit the final product only to Queen as a group. Title: Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena Passage: The Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena which is part of the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex is an indoor arena in Palaio Faliro, in Athens, Greece. It is nicknamed "The Little Peace And Friendship Stadium", due to its similarity in design and close proximity to the Peace and Friendship Stadium. It was the site of the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics preliminary matches of handball, as well as the taekwondo competition. The arena seats 8,536 for handball matches of 2004 Olympics, though only 3,836 seats were made publicly available during the Olympics. Title: Miracle on Ice Passage: The ``Miracle on Ice ''refers to a medal - round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the four - time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. Title: The Peace Keepers Passage: The Peace Keepers, known in Japan as is a beat 'em up video game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1993. It is the third game and final game in the "Rushing Beat trilogy", following "Rival Turf!" and "Brawl Brothers", although the three games were localized as unrelated titles in North America. Title: Space Race Passage: The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959. Title: Gideon Byamugisha Passage: Reverend Canon Gideon Byamugisha (born 1959) is an Anglican priest in Uganda with a parish outside of Kampala. In 1992, he became the first religious leader in Africa to publicly announce that he was HIV positive. In 2009, Byamugisha received the 26th annual Niwano Peace Prize "in recognition of his work to uphold the dignity and human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS". Title: I Want It All (Queen song) Passage: ``I Want It All ''is a song by British rock band Queen, featured on their 1989 studio album The Miracle. Written by guitarist and backing vocalist Brian May (but credited to Queen) and produced by David Richards, it was released as the first single from the album on 2 May 1989.`` I Want It All'' reached # 3 on both the UK Singles Chart and the American Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, # 50 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 1 in other European territories, including Spain, where Los 40 Principales regularly played the song during the month of July 1989. Title: Curt Chaplin Passage: Chaplin provided a version of audio play-by-play for one of the most famous moments in American sports history—the Miracle on Ice hockey game during the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. The underdog United States national team defeated the Soviet Union national team 4-3 in the semifinal round, beating a team that had won six of the previous seven Olympic gold medals. Chaplin, in an interview, notes that he was assigned to cover the game as a sports reporter for ABC News Radio, not a play-by-play announcer. However, he thought the game might be significant and found a spot near a TV camera to stand and narrate the game into his cassette recorder. His call of the game is now part of an exhibit about the game at the Hockey Hall of Fame. Title: You Beat Me to the Punch Passage: ``You Beat Me to the Punch ''is a soul single by Motown singer Mary Wells, released on the Motown label in 1962. It was co-written by Smokey Robinson of the Miracles, who was responsible for the majority of hits released by Wells while she was a Motown artist, and another Miracles member, Ronnie White. Title: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Passage: The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan." Title: Willie O'Ree Passage: Willie Eldon O'Ree, CM ONB (born October 15, 1935) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, known best for being the first black player in the National Hockey League. O'Ree played as a winger for the Boston Bruins. O'Ree is referred to as the ``Jackie Robinson of ice hockey ''due to breaking the black colour barrier in the sport, and has stated publicly that he had met Jackie Robinson twice in his own younger years. He will be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in November 2018. Title: History of the Los Angeles Rams Passage: Frontiere, however, responded with a thinly veiled threat at a lawsuit. On April 12, 1995 the owners acquiesced to her demands, wary of going through a long, protracted legal battle. Tagliabue simply stated that ``The desire to have peace and not be at war was a big factor ''in allowing the Rams move to go forward. In a matter of a month, the vote had gone from 21 -- 6 opposed to 23 -- 6 in favor. Jonathan Kraft, son of Patriots owner Robert Kraft, elaborated on the commissioner's remarks by saying that`` about five or six owners did n't want to get the other owners into litigation, so they switched their votes.'' Only six teams remained in opposition to the Rams move from Los Angeles: the Pittsburgh Steelers, New York Giants, New York Jets, Buffalo Bills, Arizona Cardinals, and Washington Redskins. After the vote was over, Steelers owner Dan Rooney publicly stated that he opposed the move of the Los Angeles Rams because ``I believe we should support the fans who have supported us for years. ''	[ "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "Miracle on Ice" ]
How many of the people that new students were once called by others live in the country that has won the most World Cups?	196,000-600,000	[]	Title: Fall River Rovers Passage: Fall River Rovers were a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts. They won the 1888 and 1889 American Cups as well as the 1917 National Challenge Cup. In 1921 Rovers were disbanded and a new team, Fall River United were formed to enter the newly established American Soccer League. Title: Percy Adamson Passage: Percy Adamson was an early twentieth-century American soccer player who was captain of the Brooklyn Field Club when it won the 1914 National Challenge Cup. Title: 2018 Major League Soccer season Passage: The 2018 Major League Soccer season is the 23rd season of Major League Soccer, top division of soccer in the United States and Canada. The regular season began on March 3, 2018 and will conclude on October 28, 2018. The MLS Cup Playoffs will begin on October 31, 2018 and conclude with the MLS Cup 2018 on December 8, 2018. The league will take a nine - day hiatus in early June for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, reduced from previous breaks. Title: Bill Fiedler Passage: William John Fiedler (January 10, 1910 - September, 1985) was an American soccer midfielder who played seven seasons in the American Soccer League. He was on the U.S. national soccer team at both the 1934 FIFA World Cup and 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Title: Karen McCallum Passage: In world championship competition for national women teams, McCallum played in the biennial Venice Cup tournament five times from 1989 to 2009. The 1989 team USA and 1993 team USA2 won the Cup. (From 1991 the Venice Cup field includes two U.S. representatives, the champion and runner-up called "USA1" and "USA2".) Title: FIFA World Cup Passage: The 20 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina and inaugural winner Uruguay, with two titles each; and England, France and Spain, with one title each. Title: Jews Passage: More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population. Title: Jack Cowan Passage: Jack Cowan (6 June 1927 – 10 December 2000) was a Canadian association football player who won championships in both Canada and Scotland. He won Scottish Cup and Scottish League titles with Dundee, then capped off his career by winning Canada Soccer's Carling Cup with Vancouver Hale-Co FC. He was inducted into the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame as a player in 2000. Title: Steve Trittschuh Passage: Stephen "Steve" Trittschuh (born April 24, 1965) is a retired American soccer defender who played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League, American Professional Soccer League and Major League Soccer. He also earned thirty-eight caps with the United States men's national soccer team including one game at the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Title: Soccer in the United States Passage: Soccer in the United States CenturyLink Field, home of the Seattle Sounders Country United States Governing body U.S. Soccer National team Men's Women's First played 1862 Registered players 4,186,778 Clubs 9,000 National competitions U.S. Open Cup (men's) Club competitions List (show) Men's: Major League Soccer United Soccer League North American Soccer League Women's: National Women's Soccer League International competitions List (show) Men's national team: CONCACAF Champions League CONCACAF Gold Cup FIFA World Cup FIFA Confederations Cup Women's national team: SheBelieves Cup CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Tournament CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup FIFA Women's World Cup Audience records Single match List (show) Men's: 109,318 (Man. Utd. 3 -- 1 Real Madrid at Michigan Stadium, 2014) Women's: 90,185 (USA 5 - 4 (pk) China at Rose Bowl, 1999) Season List (show) Men's: 77,691 (New York Cosmos 8 - 3 Fort Lauderdale Strikers) at Giants Stadium, 1977) Women's: 34,148 (Washington Freedom 1 -- 0 Bay Area CyberRays at RFK Stadium, 2003) Title: I believe that we will win! Passage: ``I believe that we will win! ''is a chant commonly performed at sporting events. Originating in the Naval Academy Preparatory School, it became a tradition among fans and students of the United States Naval Academy. In 2014, the chant gained national recognition as a rallying call among United States men's national soccer team (USMNT) fans for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, becoming an unofficial motto of the team. Title: Argentina at the FIFA World Cup Passage: This is a record of Argentina's results at the FIFA World Cup. Argentina is one of the most successful national football teams in the world, having won two World Cups in 1978 and 1986. Argentina has been runners up three times in 1930, 1990 and 2014. The team was present in all but four of the World Cups, being behind only Brazil, Italy and Germany in number of appearances. Argentina has also won the Copa América 14 times, one less than Uruguay. Moreover, Argentina has also won the Confederations Cup and the gold medal at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic football tournament. Prior to that, Argentina won two silver medals in the 1928 and 1996 editions. On other levels of international competition, Argentina has won the FIFA U-20 World Cup a record six times. The FIFA U-17 World Cup is the only FIFA international competition yet to be won by Argentina. Title: United States women's national soccer team Passage: The United States women's national soccer team (USWNT) represents the United States in international women's soccer. The team is the most successful in international women's soccer, winning three Women's World Cup titles (including the first ever Women's World Cup in 1991), four Olympic women's gold medals (including the first ever Olympic Women's soccer tournament in 1996), seven CONCACAF Gold Cup wins, and ten Algarve Cups. It medaled in every single World Cup and Olympic tournament in women's soccer history from 1991 to 2015, before being knocked out in the quarterfinal of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team is governed by United States Soccer Federation and competes in CONCACAF (the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football). Title: Keith Mackay Passage: Keith "Buzzer" Gordon Mackay (born 8 December 1956 in Wellington, New Zealand) was a football (soccer) player who represented New Zealand internationally, appearing in all 3 matches of New Zealand's first FIFA World Cup finals appearance. Title: 2009 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final Passage: The 2009 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final took place between Switzerland and Brazil on 22 November 2009 at Jumeirah Beach, Dubai. Brazil were the winners, winning by ten goals to five. Brazil have beaten fifteen other teams to be crowned "FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup 2009 Winners". It was Brazil's fourth title in a row. Title: Riki van Steeden Passage: Riki van Steeden (born 24 December 1976 in Nelson) is a football (soccer) defender who represented New Zealand internationally, and Auckland City FC in the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup. Title: Eton College Passage: In the past, people at Eton have occasionally been guilty of antisemitism. For a time, new admissions were called 'Jews' by their fellow Collegers. In 1945, the school introduced a nationality statute conditioning entry on the applicant's father being British by birth. The statute was removed after the intervention of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in the 1960s after it came to the attention of Oxford's Wykeham Professor of Logic, A. J. Ayer, himself Jewish and an Old Etonian, who "suspected a whiff of anti-semitism". Title: FIFA World Cup qualification Passage: The hosts of the World Cup receive an automatic berth. Unlike many other sports, results of the previous World Cups or of the continental championships are not taken into account. Until 2002, the defending champions also received an automatic berth, but starting from the 2006 World Cup this is no longer the case. Title: Bob Cochran (skier) Passage: Born in Claremont, New Hampshire, Cochran was a member of the Skiing Cochrans family of Richmond, Vermont. He had one World Cup victory, four podiums, and 21 top ten finishes. His best finish in the World Cup season standings was in 1973: eighth overall and ninth in slalom. Cochran also won the combined event at Kitzbühel, Austria, the first win in that event by an American, although not an official World Cup race at the time. His sole World Cup win was in giant slalom, which he considered his weakest event. That win was the first by an American male in a World Cup giant slalom. It was Cochran's only top ten result in giant slalom, his other twenty were evenly split between downhill and slalom. Title: 2005 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Passage: The 2005 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the first edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, an international beach soccer competition contest by men's national teams and organized by FIFA. Overall, it was the 11th edition of the tournament since its establishment in 1995 as the Beach Soccer World Championship. It took place in at Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 8 and 15 May.	[ "Jews", "Eton College", "FIFA World Cup" ]
Who made Liang Congjie's birthplace his capital?	Dorgon	[]	Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone. Title: Warsaw Passage: Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia. The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816. Title: Juqu Anzhou Passage: Juqu Anzhou (; died 460) is viewed by some historians as a ruler of the Xiongnu states Northern Liang, as after the state's territory was largely seized by Northern Wei in 439, and his older brother Juqu Mujian (Prince Ai) was captured by Northern Wei, Juqu Anzhou's brother Juqu Wuhui tried to hold out against Northern Wei, initially on Northern Liang's old territory, and later, after that attempt failed, at Gaochang. Juqu Anzhou succeeded Juqu Wuhui after Juqu Wuhui's death in 444, and he continued to use the title of Prince of Hexi, a title used by his brothers and previously by his father Juqu Mengxun (Prince Wuxuan). Chinese historians dispute over whether Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou should be considered Northern Liang rulers or not, and most consider Juqu Mujian the final prince of Northern Liang. Title: National Workers Memorial (Australia) Passage: The National Workers Memorial in the national capital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's place for honouring workers who have died as a result of work-related accidents, incidents and disease. Title: A Soul Haunted by Painting Passage: A Soul Haunted by Painting () (also known as "Soul of a Painter" and "Pan Yu Liang (Pan Yuliang), a Woman Painter") is a 1994 Chinese film starring Gong Li and directed by Huang Shuqin. Title: Liang Congjie Passage: Liang's father, architect Liang Sicheng, had led attempts to prevent the destruction of the walls surrounding Beijing with the land to be used for the construction of highways. His grandfather Liang Qichao spent 14 years in exile in Japan after he advocated on behalf of turning the Qing Dynasty into a constitutional monarchy. His ancestry came to haunt him during the Maoist Cultural Revolution when he was purged for his being the "grandson of China's biggest royalist". Liang was ultimately able to attend Peking University. Title: Former Liang Passage: The Former Liang (; 320–376) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin dynasty (265–420) in China. It was founded by the Zhang family of the Han Chinese. Its territories included present-day Gansu and parts of Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Title: Abuja Passage: The indigenous inhabitants of Abuja are the Gbagyi (Gwari) as the major language, Bassa, Gwandara, Gade, Ganagana, Koro etc. In light of the ethnic and religious divisions of Nigeria, plans had been devised since Nigeria's independence to have its capital in a place deemed neutral to all major ethnic parties, and also in close proximity to all the regions of Nigeria. The location was eventually designated in the centre of the country in the early 1970s as it signified neutrality and national unity. Another impetus for Abuja came because of Lagos' population boom that made that city overcrowded and conditions squalid. As Lagos was already undergoing rapid economic development, the Nigerian regime felt the need to expand the economy towards the inner part of the country, and hence decided to move its capital to Abuja. The logic used was similar to the way Brazil planned its capital, Brasília. The decision to move to Abuja was made by General Murtala Mohammed in 1976. Construction started in the late 1970s but, due to economic and political instability, the initial stages of the city were not complete until the late 1980s. Title: Joseph Gunzinger Passage: Josef Gunzinger was born in Welschenrohr, Solothurn, Switzerland on March 23, 1892, and died on May 1, 1970 in Heiligenschwendi. He was made in 1962 "citizen of honor" of the town of his birth. Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. Title: Surya Lesmana Passage: Liem Soei Liang (), also known as Surya Lesmana (20 May 1944 – 8 August 2012) was an Indonesian Association football player and manager. Lesmana played midfielder for Persija Jakarta and the Indonesia national team. Title: Boxer's Adventure Passage: Boxer's Adventure, also released as Militant Eagle, is a 1979 Taiwan martial arts action film starring Tao-liang Tan and Jack Lung Sai-Ga. Title: Chow's lemma Passage: Chow's lemma, named after Wei-Liang Chow, is one of the foundational results in algebraic geometry. It roughly says that a proper morphism is fairly close to being a projective morphism. More precisely, a version of it states the following: Title: Li Xun Passage: Very little is known about Li Xun's life, including whether he was the son of his brother Li Xin's mother Princess Dowager Yin. Under his father Li Gao (Prince Wuzhao) and/or Li Xin, Li Xun successively served as the governor of Jiuquan (酒泉, roughly modern Jiuquan, Gansu) and Dunhuang Commanderies. His rule of Dunhuang was said to be benevolent and favored by the people. In 420, while trying to attack Northern Liang, Li Xin fell into a trap set by Juqu Mengxun and was killed in battle. Juqu Mengxun then quickly reached the Western Liang capital Jiuquan, and Li Xin's other brothers abandoned Jiuquan and fled to Dunhuang. Once they reached Dunhuang, they and Li Xun, then the governor of Dunhuang, abandoned Dunhuang and fled to the hills north of Dunhuang. Title: Capital gains tax Passage: Currently, only 50% of realized capital gains are taxable in Canada at an individual's tax rate. Some exceptions apply, such as selling one's primary residence which may be exempt from taxation. Capital gains made by investments in a Tax - Free Savings Account (TFSA) are not taxed. Title: Battle of Ulundi Passage: The Battle of Ulundi took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi on 4 July 1879 and was the last major battle of the Anglo-Zulu War. The British army broke the military power of the Zulu nation by defeating the main Zulu army and immediately afterwards capturing and razing the capital of Zululand, the royal kraal of Ulundi. Title: Paek Son-haeng Passage: Paek Son-haeng (1848 November – 1933) was a Korean businesswoman known for her philanthropy. The name "Son Haeng" means virtuous deeds, and was a nickname bestowed on her due to her contributions. North Korean sources claim that she was born in modern-day Chung-kuyŏk, Pyongyang, but South Korean sources claim that she was born in Suwon. She was widowed at the age of 16 or 20, and spent the rest of her life saving money while spending very little. Regardless of her place of birth, she spent most of her life in Pyongyang, where most of her donations were made. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. Choosing Beijing as the capital had not been a straightforward decision, since no major Chinese dynasty had directly taken over its immediate predecessor's capital. Keeping the Ming capital and bureaucracy intact helped quickly stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country. However, not all of Dorgon's policies were equally popular nor easily implemented. Title: Juqu Mujian Passage: Juqu Mujian (; before 420 – 447), named Juqu Maoqian (沮渠茂虔) in some sources, formally Prince Ai of Hexi (河西哀王), was a king of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang—with most Chinese historians considering him the last king, although with some considering his brothers Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou to be kings of the state as well. By the time that Juqu Mujian succeeded his father Juqu Mengxun (Prince Wuxuan) in 433, Northern Liang appeared to be stronger than ever, yet was under the shadow of the much stronger state Northern Wei, to which Northern Liang was nominally a vassal. In 439, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei launched a major campaign against Northern Liang and captured both his capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu) and Juqu Mujian himself. Juqu Mujian remained an honored Northern Wei subject as Emperor Taiwu's brother-in-law until 447, when Emperor Taiwu, believing him to be trying to rebel, forced him to commit suicide. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris near Cuenca were the most advanced, and most feared by the Inca, due to their fierce resistance to the Incan expansion. Their architecture remains were later destroyed by Spaniards and the Incas.	[ "Liang Congjie", "Qing dynasty" ]
What is the record label of the Dirrty lyricist?	RCA Records	[ "RCA" ]	Title: My Way Passage: ``My Way ''German vinyl release Single by Frank Sinatra from the album My Way B - side`` Blue Lace'' Released 1969 Recorded December 30, 1968, Los Angeles Genre Traditional pop Length 4: 35 Label Reprise Songwriter (s) Claude François and Jacques Revaux; English lyrics by Paul Anka Producer (s) Sonny Burke Title: Bye Bye Bye Passage: ``Bye Bye Bye ''is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the first single from their third studio album No Strings Attached. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. Title: Bye Bye Bye Passage: ``Bye Bye Bye ''is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the first single from their second studio album No Strings Attached. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. Title: Lotus (Christina Aguilera album) Passage: Lotus is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Aguilera. RCA Records released the album on November 9, 2012. Its music incorporates pop styles with elements of dance-pop, rock in the form of upbeat songs and piano-driven ballads. Aguilera described the album as a "rebirth", drawing inspiration from events in her life, her appearance on "The Voice", and her divorce. The album was recorded at Aguilera's home studio. As executive producer, she collaborated with a wide range of producers, including new partners Alex da Kid, Max Martin, Lucas Secon and Tracklacers. Title: Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35 Passage: ``Rainy Day Women ♯ 12 & 35 ''is a song by Bob Dylan. It is the opening track of his 1966 album, Blonde on Blonde. It was initially released as a single in April 1966, reaching No. 7 in the UK and No. 2 in the US chart.`` Rainy Day Women'', recorded in the Nashville studio of Columbia Records, features a raucous brass band backing track. The song's title does not appear anywhere in the lyrics and there has been much debate over the meaning of the recurrent chorus, ``Everybody must get stoned ''. This has made the song controversial, being labelled by some commentators as`` a drug song''. Title: From Under the Cork Tree Passage: From Under the Cork Tree is the second studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on May 3, 2005, through Island Records as the band's major label debut. The music was composed by lead vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump, with all lyrics penned by bassist Pete Wentz, continuing the band's songwriting approach they took for some songs on their prior 2003 effort Take This to Your Grave. Neal Avron handled production duties. Commenting on the record's lyrical themes, Wentz said the lyrics were about ``the anxiety and depression that goes along with looking at your own life. ''In support of their release the group headlined tours worldwide and played at various music festivals. For their Black Clouds and Underdogs tour the album was re-released as From Under the Cork Tree (Limited`` Black Clouds and Underdogs'' Edition), featuring new songs and remixes. Title: Garpax Records Passage: Garpax Records was an American record label, established by Gary S. Paxton, which first issued the song "Monster Mash" by Bobby "Boris" Pickett in 1962. It was distributed by London Records. The label lasted from 1962 to 1965. Title: Tam, de nas nema Passage: Tam, de nas nema (; "Wherever We Aren't") is the debut studio album of the popular Ukrainian rock group Okean Elzy. Svyatoslav Vakarchuk is the lead vocalist and songwriter for most of the lyrics on this album. It was released in 1998 by the Kiev-based record label Lavina Music. Title: I, Jonathan Passage: I, Jonathan is the fourth solo album by Jonathan Richman, released by the Rounder Records label in 1992. As the founder of influential protopunk band The Modern Lovers, Richman had strived to convey authentic emotions and storytelling with his music. "I, Jonathan" continued this aesthetic with simple and sparse rock and roll arrangements, and straightforward lyrics about mundane topics. Title: Pop the Glock Passage: "Pop the Glock" is a single by French-American recording artist Uffie. The re-released single was released as a 12" vinyl on November 30, 2009. "Pop the Glock" was Uffie's first single and an international underground hit. It was originally released in early 2006 by Ed Banger Records on the "Pop the Glock/Ready to Uff" EP. The original release gained Uffie attention from the media, fans and critics alike and landed her a record deal with French electronic label Ed Banger Records. "Pop the Glock" was written by Uffie and produced by Feadz, and is in large-part based both lyrically and musically on Audio Two's "Top Billin". Title: Native Sense - The New Duets Passage: Native Sense - The New Duets is an album by vibraphonist Gary Burton and pianist Chick Corea released in 1997 on the Concord label. The album is the fourth studio recording by the duo following "Crystal Silence" (1972), "Duet" (1978) and "Lyric Suite for Sextet" (1982). The album peaked number 25 in the "Billboard" Top Jazz Albums chart. Title: Springman Records Passage: Springman Records is an independent record label founded in 1998 by Avi Ehrlich that was run out of his parents' garage in Cupertino, California, until late 2005, when Ehrlich moved the label to Sacramento. The label's official slogan is "Friendly Punks" though many other styles of music appear on the label, such as indie rock, rockabilly, ska, folk music, pop punk, and hardcore. Title: Last Kiss Passage: ``Last Kiss ''is a song released by Wayne Cochran in 1961 on the Gala label. It failed to do well on the charts. Cochran subsequently re-recorded his song for the King label in 1963. It was later revived by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers, Pearl Jam and several international artists, including the Canadian group Wednesday, with varying degrees of success. The song was one of several teen tragedy songs from that period. The song's opening lyrics mirror the opening lyrics of Septimus Winner's`` Der Deitcher's Dog''. Title: The Fartz Passage: The Fartz were originally formed in 1981 and were one of the first well-known hardcore bands from Seattle, Washington. They were signed to Jello Biafra's Alternative Tentacles Record label. They were notable not only for playing incredibly fast and heavy music, but also for their politically and socially conscious song lyrics that criticized government policies, religious hypocrisy, racism, sexism, and poverty. Throughout their musical career they championed a blue collar, working class perspective on life. Title: 2002 MTV Europe Music Awards Passage: Performances included a rendition of "Dirrty" from Christina Aguilera featuring Redman as they performed in a boxing ring with Christina sporting leather chaps. Pink, Bon Jovi and Foo Fighters each performed as did Coldplay and Eminem, both making their EMA debut. Title: You'd Prefer an Astronaut Passage: You'd Prefer an Astronaut is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band Hum, released on April 11, 1995 by RCA Records as their major label debut. The title of the album is a lyric lifted from the song "I'd Like Your Hair Long". Title: Isolate (Gary Numan album) Passage: Isolate - The Numa Years is a compilation album by Gary Numan. It was released in March 1992 on CD and cassette and contains tracks issued on his own Numa Records label during the years 1984-1986. The songs (mainly in their extended or long forms) are taken from the albums "Berserker", "The Fury" and "Strange Charm". The four page insert contains printed lyrics to all the tracks. Title: What the World Needs Now Is Love Passage: ``What the World Needs Now Is Love ''is a 1965 popular song with lyrics by Hal David and music composed by Burt Bacharach. First recorded and made popular by Jackie DeShannon, it was released on April 15, 1965, on the Imperial label after a release on sister label Liberty records the previous month was canceled. It peaked at number seven on the US Hot 100 in July of that year. In Canada, the song reached number one. Title: Straight Outta Compton Passage: Straight Outta Compton is the debut studio album by American hip hop group N.W.A, released August 8, 1988, on group member Eazy-E's record label Ruthless Records. Production for the album was handled by Dr. Dre with DJ Yella. The album has been viewed as the pioneering record of gangsta rap with its pervasive graphic profanity and violent lyrics. This was the group's only release with rapper Ice Cube prior to his 1989 departure. It has been considered to be one of the greatest and most influential hip-hop records by music writers and has had an enormous impact on the evolution of hip hop. Title: The Revolution Will Not Be Televised Passage: ``The Revolution Will Not Be Televised ''is a poem and song by Gil Scott - Heron. Scott - Heron first recorded it for his 1970 album Small Talk at 125th and Lenox, on which he recited the lyrics, accompanied by congas and bongo drums. A re-recorded version, with a full band, was the B - side to Scott - Heron's first single,`` Home Is Where the Hatred Is'', from his album Pieces of a Man (1971). It was also included on his compilation album, The Revolution Will Not Be Televised (1974). All these releases were issued on the Flying Dutchman Productions record label.	[ "2002 MTV Europe Music Awards", "Lotus (Christina Aguilera album)" ]
How many Smithsonians are in the city where the performer of My Main Man died?	Seventeen	[]	Title: Horace Parlan Passage: Between 1952 and 1957, he worked in Washington DC with Sonny Stitt, then spent two years with Mingus' Jazz Workshop. In 1973, Parlan moved to Copenhagen, Denmark. He later settled in the small village of Rude in southern Zealand. In 1974 he completed a State Department tour of Africa with Hal Singer. Title: Jose de Creeft Passage: José Mariano de Creeft (November 27, 1884 - September 11, 1982) was a Spanish-born American artist, sculptor, and teacher known for modern sculpture in stone, metal, and wood, particularly figural works of women. His 16 ft bronze "Alice In Wonderland" climbing sculpture in Central Park is well known to both adults and children in New York City. He was an early adopter, and prominent exponent of the direct carving approach to sculpture. He also developed the technique of lead chasing, and was among the very first to create modern sculpture from found objects. He taught at Black Mountain College, the Art Students League of New York, and the New School for Social Research. His works are in the Whitney Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and many other public and private collections. Title: Helena M. Weiss Passage: Helena May Weiss (February 6, 1909 – January 21, 2004) was an American museum administrator and registrar. She was one of the first women managers at the Smithsonian Institution and was involved in the acquisition of the Hope Diamond and the Wright Flyer. Title: National Museum of Natural History Passage: The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees. Title: Museo Alameda Passage: The Museo Alameda was the largest Latino museum in the USA and the first formal Smithsonian affiliate outside of Washington D.C., located in the historic Market Square in Downtown San Antonio, Texas. In 1996, Secretary I. Michael Heyman of the Smithsonian Institution announced a physical presence of the Smithsonian in San Antonio and gave birth to the Smithsonian's affiliations program. In May of the same year, Governor George W. Bush signed a joint resolution of the Texas legislature establishing the Museo Alameda as the official State Latino Museum. Title: The Flight of Europa Passage: The Flight of Europa is a bronze Art Deco sculpture created by American artist Paul Manship in 1925. Copies are held by the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, The Columbus Museum, Columbus, Georgia, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. It depicts the Greek myth of Europa being abducted by Zeus in the form of a bull. Title: The Lion (locomotive) Passage: The Lion is a historic steam locomotive at the Maine State Museum in Augusta, Maine, USA. Built in 1846 for use on a logging railroad, it is the oldest known American-built locomotive in New England. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Title: Ogunquit Museum of American Art Passage: The Ogunquit Museum of American Art (OMAA) is a small art museum located on the coast in Ogunquit, Maine. The museum houses over 3,000 pieces in its permanent collection. It is the only museum in Maine devoted solely to American art. Title: National Postal Museum Passage: The National Postal Museum, located opposite Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States, was established through joint agreement between the United States Postal Service and the Smithsonian Institution and opened in 1993. Title: Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian Passage: Larry Daley, former night guard at the American Museum of Natural History, now runs his own direct response television company that sells inventions based on his experiences. He returns to the museum, discovering most of the exhibits will be moved to the Federal Archives at the Smithsonian Institution and replaced with holographic information providers. The Tablet of Akmenrah is to remain in the museum, leaving most of the exhibits without the ability to come to life at night. After the exhibits are moved, Larry receives a phone call from the cowboy Jedediah that Dexter the monkey stole the Tablet and took it to the Smithsonian, bringing every exhibit in it to life. Larry travels to Washington, DC, navigating his way to the archives with help from his son Nick while posing as a night guard. Title: Vicki Funk Passage: Vicki Ann Funk (born 1947) is a Senior Research Botanist and Curator at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. She is known for her work on members of the composite family (Asteraceae) including collecting plants in many parts of the world, as well as her synthetic work on phylogenetics and biogeography. Title: Museum of Appalachia Passage: The Museum of Appalachia, located in Norris, Tennessee, north of Knoxville, is a living history museum that interprets the pioneer and early 20th-century period of the Southern Appalachian region of the United States. Recently named an Affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, the museum is a collection of more than 30 historic buildings rescued from neglect and decay and gathered onto of picturesque pastures and fields. The museum also preserves and displays thousands of authentic relics, maintains one of the nation's largest folk art collections, and hosts performances of traditional Appalachian music and annual demonstrations by hundreds of regional craftsmen. Title: George Switzer (mineralogist) Passage: George Shirley Switzer (June 11, 1915 – March 23, 2008) was an American mineralogist who is credited with starting the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring the Hope Diamond for the museum in 1958. Switzer made the arrangements when renowned New York City jeweler Harry Winston decided to donate the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian. Title: Star-Spangled Banner (flag) Passage: The flag that flew during that episode in history became a significant artifact. It remained in the possession of Major Armistead, who was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel, and his family for many years. Eben Appleton, Colonel Armistead's grandson, inherited the flag in 1878. In 1907, he lent it to the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1912 it was made a formal gift. Today it is permanently housed in the National Museum of American History, one of the Smithsonian Institution museums on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The flag was given to the museum in 1912, and has undergone multiple restoration efforts after being originally restored by Amelia Fowler in 1914. Title: List of Smithsonian museums Passage: The Smithsonian museums are the most widely visible part of the United States' Smithsonian Institution and consist of nineteen museums and galleries as well as the National Zoological Park. Seventeen of these collections are located in Washington D.C., with eleven of those located on the National Mall. The remaining ones are in New York City and Chantilly, Virginia. As of 2010, one museum, the Arts and Industries Building, is closed in preparation for a substantial renovation, and its newest museum building, the National Museum of African American History and Culture, opened in 2016. Title: Mitchell Site Passage: The Mitchell Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 39DV2, is an important archaeological site in Mitchell, Davison County, South Dakota. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. At that time it was the only reliably dated site of the Lower James River Phase (Initial Variant). The site, sheltered under a dome, is managed by a nonprofit organization and is open to the public as Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village. Visitors can watch archaeologists uncover artifacts in the Thomsen Center Archeodome. The Boehnen Memorial Museum features a reconstructed lodge and many of the artifacts found at the site. Title: Josip Broz Tito Passage: Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called "Museum 25 May" and "Museum of the Revolution"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to "better times". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death. Title: Christian Sidor Passage: Christian Alfred Sidor is an American biologist and paleontologist, Professor in the Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, as well as curator of vertebrate paleontology and associate director for research and collections at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. Previously he was a member of the editorial board of the "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology". He is a research associate at the Field Museum of Natural History, National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), American Museum of Natural History, and Evolutionary Studies Institute (University of the Witwatersrand). His research focuses on Permian and Triassic tetrapod evolution, especially on therapsids. Title: My Main Man Passage: My Main Man is an album by saxophonist Sonny Stitt featuring trombonist Bennie Green recorded in Chicago in 1964 and released on the Argo label. Title: The Iron Mine, Port Henry, New York Passage: The Iron Mine, Port Henry, New York (c. 1862) is a painting by Homer Dodge Martin in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and measures 30 1/8 x 50 in. (76.5 x 127.0 cm.).	[ "Horace Parlan", "List of Smithsonian museums", "My Main Man" ]
On what date did the battle occurring at he birthplace of Prolyphic transpire?	August 29, 1778	[]	Title: Feud (TV series) Passage: The first season, titled Bette and Joan, centers on the backstage battle between Bette Davis (Susan Sarandon) and Joan Crawford (Jessica Lange) during and after the production of their 1962 film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? Title: Battle of Rhode Island Passage: The Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill and the Battle of Newport) took place on August 29, 1778. Continental Army and militia forces under the command of General John Sullivan had been besieging the British forces in Newport, Rhode Island, which is situated on Aquidneck Island, but they had finally abandoned their siege and were withdrawing to the northern part of the island. The British forces then sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and they attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces withdrew to the mainland and left Aquidneck Island in British hands. Title: Battle of Velbazhd Passage: The Battle of Velbazhd (, "bitka pri Velbazhd"; , "bitka kod Velbužda") is a battle which took place between Bulgarian and Serbian armies on 28 July 1330, near the town of Velbazhd (present day Kyustendil). Title: Battle of Manila Bay Passage: The Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history. Title: Battle of the Argeș Passage: The Battle of the Argeș was a battle of the Romanian Campaign of World War I. Taking place on 1 December 1916, the battle was fought along the line of the Argeș River in Romania between Austro-German forces of the Central Powers and Romanian forces. Title: Ranchitos Las Lomas, Texas Passage: Ranchitos Las Lomas is a census-designated place (CDP) in Webb County, Texas, United States. The population was 266 at the 2010 census. Las Lomas means "the hills" in Spanish. The town prides itself as "the place where nothing ever happened." Title: Battle of Fort Necessity Passage: The Battle of Fort Necessity (also called the Battle of the Great Meadows) took place on July 3, 1754, in what is now the mountaintop hamlet of Farmington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The engagement was one of the first battles of the French and Indian War and George Washington's only military surrender. The battle, along with the May 28 Battle of Jumonville Glen, contributed to a series of military escalations that resulted in the global Seven Years' War. Title: Battle of Legnica Passage: The Battle of Legnica (), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz () or Battle of Wahlstatt (), was a battle between the Mongol Empire and the combined defending forces of European fighters that took place at Legnickie Pole ("Wahlstatt") near the city of Legnica in the Duchy of Silesia on 9 April 1241. Title: Battle of Hannut Passage: The Battle of Hannut was a Second World War battle fought during the Battle of Belgium which took place between 12 and 14 May 1940 at Hannut in Belgium. It was the largest tank battle in the campaign. It was also the largest clash of tanks in armoured warfare history at the time. Title: Battle of Coronea (447 BC) Passage: The Battle of Coronea (also known as the First Battle of Coronea) took place between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Boeotian League in 447 BC during the First Peloponnesian War. Title: Battle of Mylae Passage: The Battle of Mylae took place in 260 BC during the First Punic War and was the first real naval battle between Carthage and the Roman Republic. This battle was key in the Roman victory of Mylae (present-day Milazzo) as well as Sicily itself. It also marked Rome's first naval triumph and also the first use of the "corvus" in battle. Title: First Battle of Polotsk Passage: In the First Battle of Polotsk, which took place on 17–18 August 1812, Russian troops under the command of Peter Wittgenstein fought French and Bavarian troops led by Nicolas Oudinot near the city of Polotsk, halting Oudinot's advance toward Saint Petersburg. The First Battle of Polotsk should be distinguished from the Second Battle of Polotsk which took place during the same campaign two months later. Title: Battle of Graus Passage: The Battle of Graus was a battle of the "Reconquista", traditionally said to have taken place on 8 May 1063. Antonio Ubieto Arteta, in his "Historia de Aragón", re-dated the battle to 1069. The late twelfth-century "Chronica naierensis" dates the encounter to 1070. Either in or as a result of the battle, Ramiro I of Aragon, one of the protagonists, died. Title: The Battle of New Orleans Passage: ``The Battle of New Orleans ''is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the 1815 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959 (see 1959 in music). Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1959, it was very popular with teenagers in the late 50's / early 60's in an era mostly dominated by rock and roll music. Title: Battle of Golymin Passage: The Battle of Golymin took place on 26 December 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars at Gołymin, Poland, between around 17,000 Russian soldiers with 28 guns under Prince Golitsyn and 38,000 French soldiers under Marshal Murat. The Russian forces disengaged successfully from the superior French forces. The battle took place on the same day as the Battle of Pułtusk. Title: Prolyphic Passage: Prolyphic is an American hip hop musician from Rhode Island. He is one half of the duo Stick Figures along with Robust and is currently signed to Strange Famous Records. Title: (Chet Baker Sings) It Could Happen to You Passage: (Chet Baker Sings) It Could Happen to You is an album by jazz trumpeter and vocalist Chet Baker. It follows a formula similar to two other Baker albums, "Chet Baker Sings" (1954) and "Chet Baker Sings and Plays with Bud Shank, Russ Freeman & Strings" (recorded in 1955, released in 1964) in which he updates existing standards in a hipper, jazzier fashion. Unlike the aforementioned records, on "It Could Happen to You", on a few tracks, Baker plays no trumpet whatsoever, opting to scat in place of an instrumental solo. Title: Battle of Lundy's Lane Passage: The Battle of Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of the Anglo-American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, and one of the deadliest battles ever fought in Canada. Title: Battle of Lade (201 BC) Passage: The Battle of Lade was fought between the navy of Rhodes and the navy of Macedon. The battle took place in 201 BC and it was part of the Cretan War. The battle was fought off the shore of Asia Minor and the island of Lade, near Miletus. The battle ended in a crushing victory for the Macedonians and it nearly spelled the end for the Rhodians but the result of this battle caused the Romans to intervene and Rhodes was saved. Title: Battle of Cabrita Point Passage: The Battle of Cabrita Point, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Marbella, was a naval battle that took place while a combined Spanish-French force besieged Gibraltar on 10 March 1705 (21 March 1705 in the New Calendar) during the War of Spanish Succession.	[ "Prolyphic", "Battle of Rhode Island" ]
How many supporters of the country whose capitol is Lhasa were expected in Canberra to protest?	600	[]	Title: Tibet Passage: There are over 800 settlements in Tibet. Lhasa is Tibet's traditional capital and the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region. It contains two world heritage sites -- the Potala Palace and Norbulingka, which were the residences of the Dalai Lama. Lhasa contains a number of significant temples and monasteries, including Jokhang and Ramoche Temple. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference. Title: Nanjing Passage: Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: "We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully.". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists." Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Police said "the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet." At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake. Title: Chinese culture Passage: Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago. The area over which the culture prevails covers a large geographical region in East Asia and is extremely diverse and varying, with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns as well. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to "go defend our sacred torch" against "ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists". Tony Goh, chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations, has said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus, to support the torch relay. Zhang Rongan, a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations, told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators, and helping them organise a "peaceful show of strength". Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful. Title: Yuan dynasty Passage: Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature (Chinese: 奎章閣學士院), first established in the spring of 1329 and designed to undertake "a number of tasks relating to the transmission of Confucian high culture to the Mongolian imperial establishment". The academy was responsible for compiling and publishing a number of books, but its most important achievement was its compilation of a vast institutional compendium named Jingshi Dadian (Chinese: 經世大典). Tugh Temür supported Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism. Title: Peter Mui Passage: Peter Mui is a Chinese-American fashion designer, actor, and country musician in New York City. Born and raised in Oklahoma City, he has made a career out of his cross-cultural identity. He is the father of T.V. Carpio. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. Title: Kingston Powerhouse Passage: The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory. Title: Tibet Passage: Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In 1750 the Ambans and the majority of the Han Chinese and Manchus living in Lhasa were killed in a riot, and Qing troops arrived quickly and suppressed the rebels in the next year. Like the preceding Yuan dynasty, the Manchus of the Qing dynasty exerted military and administrative control of the region, while granting it a degree of political autonomy. The Qing commander publicly executed a number of supporters of the rebels and, as in 1723 and 1728, made changes in the political structure and drew up a formal organization plan. The Qing now restored the Dalai Lama as ruler, leading the governing council called Kashag, but elevated the role of Ambans to include more direct involvement in Tibetan internal affairs. At the same time the Qing took steps to counterbalance the power of the aristocracy by adding officials recruited from the clergy to key posts. Title: Valencia Passage: The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them. English soldiers advanced as far as Requena on the road to Madrid. After the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa on 25 April 1707, the English army evacuated Valencia and Philip V ordered the repeal of the privileges of Valencia as punishment for the kingdom's support of Charles of Austria. By the Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta) the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter. The Bourbon forces burned important cities like Xativa, where pictures of the Spanish Bourbons in public places are hung upside down as a protest to this day. The capital of the Kingdom of Valencia was moved to Orihuela, an outrage to the citizens of Valencia. Philip ordered the Cortes to meet with the Viceroy of Valencia, Cardinal Luis de Belluga, who opposed the change of capital because of the proximity of Orihuela, a religious, cultural and now political centre, to Murcia (capital of another viceroyalty and his diocese). Because of his hatred of the city of Orihuela, which had bombarded and looted Valencia during the War of Succession, the cardinal resigned the viceroyalty in protest against the actions of Philip, who finally relented and returned the capital to Valencia. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris. Title: Tumaco Passage: Tumaco is accessible by plane, from the western city of Cali, one of the main urban centers of the country, well connected to Bogotá, the capital city. It can also be reached by land via highway from the city of Pasto, the capital city of the Nariño Department. Tumaco is known for being the hometown of many great Colombian soccer players, including Willington Ortiz. Title: Chang'an Passage: Chang'an ([ʈʂʰǎŋ.án] (listen); simplified Chinese: 长安; traditional Chinese: 長安) was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese since it was a capital that was repeatedly used by new Chinese rulers. During the short-lived Xin dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace" (Chinese: 常安; pinyin: Cháng'ān); the old name was later restored. By the time of the Ming dynasty, a new walled city named Xi'an, meaning "Western Peace", was built at the Sui and Tang dynasty city's site, which has remained its name to the present day. Title: National Workers Memorial (Australia) Passage: The National Workers Memorial in the national capital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's place for honouring workers who have died as a result of work-related accidents, incidents and disease. Title: Braddon, Australian Capital Territory Passage: Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. Choosing Beijing as the capital had not been a straightforward decision, since no major Chinese dynasty had directly taken over its immediate predecessor's capital. Keeping the Ming capital and bureaucracy intact helped quickly stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country. However, not all of Dorgon's policies were equally popular nor easily implemented. Title: 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay Passage: Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets. Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vulnerable' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing, Nirupama Sen. The Indian media responded angrily to the news that the ambassador, a distinguished lady diplomat, was summoned to the Foreign Ministry at 2 am local time; the news was later denied by anonymous sources in Delhi. The Indian media reported that India's Commerce Minister, Kamal Nath, cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest, though both Nath and Chinese sources have denied it. Title: Southeast Asia Passage: The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region. These business communities are connected through the bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. The origins of Chinese influence can be traced to the 16th century, when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. Chinese populations in the region saw a rapid increase following the Communist Revolution in 1949, which forced many refugees to emigrate outside of China.	[ "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "Tibet" ]
Who founded the famous chain of music-themed restaurants whose first establishment opened in the city where CFPL-FM is located?	Peter Morton	[]	Title: Houston's Restaurant Passage: Houston's Restaurant is an upscale American casual dining restaurant chain, owned by Hillstone Restaurant Group, whose main corporate headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California. There are 51 Hillstone locations in 13 states. Title: Jack in the Box Passage: Jack in the Box is an American fast-food restaurant chain founded February 21, 1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered. The chain has 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States. Restaurants are also found in selected large urban areas outside the West Coast, including Phoenix, Denver, Albuquerque, El Paso, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Austin, San Antonio, Baton Rouge, Nashville, Charlotte, St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Cincinnati as well as one in Guam. The company also formerly operated the Qdoba Mexican Grill chain until Apollo Global Management bought the chain in December 2017. Title: Bubba Gump Shrimp Company Passage: In 1995, Paramount Pictures approached Rusty Pelican Restaurants Inc. with a desire to create a restaurant based on a theme from Paramount's 1994 film Forrest Gump. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. was created as a result. Within a year the Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. created a concept idea for the restaurant chain which was then licensed by Paramount Licensing, Inc. In 1996, the first Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurant was opened in Monterey, California; its success led to its franchising on an international scale. Title: Twisters Passage: Twisters is a New Mexican cuisine restaurant chain from the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico, which was founded in 1998. Title: Ellen's Stardust Diner Passage: Ellen's Stardust Diner was opened in 1987 after Ellen's Cafe was closed down. It was the first 1950s theme restaurant in New York City and had waitresses in poodle skirts. In the late 1990s, a sister restaurant operated near Times Square under the name Stardust Dine-O-Mat. Title: Cracker Barrel Passage: Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. As of September 18, 2012, the chain operates 639 stores in 43 states. Title: Kanye West Passage: In August 2008, West revealed plans to open 10 Fatburger restaurants in the Chicago area; the first was set to open in September 2008 in Orland Park. The second followed in January 2009, while a third location is yet to be revealed, although the process is being finalized. His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain in Chicago. Ultimately, in 2009, only two locations actually opened. In February 2011, West shut down the Fatburger located in Orland Park. Later that year, the remaining Beverly location also was shuttered. Title: The Keg Passage: The Keg is a Canadian - owned chain of steakhouse restaurants and bars located in Canada and the United States. The original ``The Keg and Cleaver ''restaurant was founded by George Tidball, in 1971, at a location in North Vancouver, British Columbia. By February 2018, The Keg had expanded to 160 locations in Canada and the United States, when Canadian food industry giant Cara Operations (now known as Recipe Unlimited) purchased the chain for $200 million, from then owners David Aisenstat (49%) and Fairfax Financial (51%). Aisenstat had been the sole owner from 1997 until 2014. Title: Jack in the Box Passage: Jack in the Box is an American fast - food restaurant chain founded February 21, 1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered. The chain has 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States and selected large urban areas in the eastern portion of the US including Texas and the Charlotte metropolitan area. The company also formerly operated the Qdoba Mexican Grill chain until Apollo Global Management bought the chain in December 2017. Title: Miami Passage: Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana. Title: Isaac Tigrett Passage: On June 14, 1971 he and Peter Morton started the first Hard Rock Café (HRC) restaurant in London's fashionable Mayfair district. The restaurant combined rock music, memorabilia related to rock 'n' roll and American cuisine. Title: London Passage: London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London. Title: Raising Cane's Chicken Fingers Passage: Raising Cane's Restaurants is a fast - food restaurant chain specializing in chicken fingers, that was founded in Baton Rouge, Louisiana by Todd Graves and Craig Silvey on August 26, 1996. While company headquarters remain in Louisiana, a second restaurant support office was opened in Plano, Texas in 2009. Title: CFPL-FM Passage: CFPL-FM, or FM96, is a radio station owned by Corus Entertainment and based in London, Ontario, Canada that transmits at 179,000 watts at 95.9 MHz on the FM dial. CFPL-FM currently primarily plays an active rock format with a slight lean towards alternative rock. CFPL-FM’s studios are located in downtown with other Corus London stations while its transmitter is located in Southwest London on the CFPL-DT tower that is also utilized by sister station CFHK-FM. Title: Tudor's Biscuit World Passage: Tudor's Biscuit World is a restaurant chain and franchise based in Huntington, West Virginia, most commonly found in West Virginia. Many West Virginia locations share a building with Gino's Pizza and Spaghetti, although the chain is more extensive than Gino's (which is exclusive to West Virginia), having locations in southern Ohio, eastern Kentucky, and southwestern Virginia. In 2016 a franchise was opened in Panama City, Florida. Title: Thunerseespiele Passage: The Thunerseespiele are open-air musical productions during summer located at Thun, the main city of the famous Bernese Oberland, in Switzerland. Every year internationally-famous productions are staged. Title: Kathmandu Passage: Kathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there. It also has several outlets of the international ice-cream chain Baskin-Robbins Title: Jim's Restaurants Passage: Jim's Restaurants is an American chain of restaurants owned by Uptown San Antonio, Texas-based Frontier Enterprises. Jim's, most well known for its breakfast and charbroiled Frontier Burgers, was started in 1947 when founder G. Jim Hasslocher built his first burger stand. The burger stand grew and became a drive-in burger concept with carhops, which eventually led to full-service restaurants in several locations. Prior to 1980, the restaurant chain expanded into the Houston metro area until Frontier withdrew and sold off the Houston locations. As of April 2010, Frontier operates 16 locations in the San Antonio area and 3 in Austin. Title: Chick-fil-A Passage: The first Chick - fil - A opened in 1967, in the food court of the Greenbriar Mall, in a suburb of Atlanta. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the chain expanded by opening new franchises in suburban malls' food courts. The first freestanding franchise was opened April 16, 1986, on North Druid Hills Road in Atlanta, Georgia, and the company began to focus more on this type of franchise than on the food court type. Although it has expanded outward from its original geographic base, most new restaurants are located in Southern suburban areas. In October 2015, the company opened a three - story 5,000 - square - foot restaurant in Manhattan that became the largest free - standing Chick - fil - A in the country at that time. As of 2016, the chain has approximately 1,950 locations. It also has 31 drive - through - only locations. Chick - fil - A also can be found at universities, hospitals, and airports through licensing agreements. Title: Fast food restaurant Passage: Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932.	[ "London", "Isaac Tigrett", "CFPL-FM" ]
What group of languages was the language spoken, written, or signed by Ahmad Shamloo a part of?	Iranian languages	[]	Title: Dutch language Passage: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period. Title: Languages of Brazil Passage: Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory. Title: Wood Frisian Passage: Wood Frisian (West Frisian: "Wâldfrysk") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called "Wâlden" (English: "woods"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland. Title: Old English Passage: Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century. Title: Tzeltal language Passage: Tzeltal or Tsʼeltal () is a Mayan language spoken in the Mexican state of Chiapas, mostly in the municipalities of Ocosingo, Altamirano, Huixtán, Tenejapa, Yajalón, Chanal, Sitalá, Amatenango del Valle, Socoltenango, Las Rosas, Chilón, San Juan Cancuc, San Cristóbal de las Casas and Oxchuc. Tzeltal is one of many Mayan languages spoken near this eastern region of Chiapas, including Tzotzil, Chʼol, and Tojolabʼal, among others. There is also a small Tzeltal diaspora in other parts of Mexico and the United States, primarily as a result of unfavorable economic conditions in Chiapas. Title: Alps Passage: Roofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed 40%, allowing the snow to stay on top, thereby functioning as insulation from the cold. In the lower areas where the forests are widespread, wooden tiles are traditionally used. Commonly made of Norway spruce, they are called "tavaillon". The Alpine regions are multicultural and linguistically diverse. Dialects are common, and vary from valley to valley and region to region. In the Slavic Alps alone 19 dialects have been identified. Some of the French dialects spoken in the French, Swiss and Italian alps of Aosta Valley derive from Arpitan, while the southern part of the western range is related to Old Provençal; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages. Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rhaeto-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites. Title: Anglo-Norman language Passage: When William the Conqueror led the Norman conquest of England in 1066, he, his nobles, and many of his followers from Normandy, but also those from northern and western France, spoke a range of langues d'oïl (northern varieties of Gallo - Romance). One of these was Old Norman, also known as ``Old Northern French ''. Other followers spoke varieties of the Picard language or western French. This amalgam developed into the unique insular dialect now known as Anglo - Norman French, which was commonly used for literary and eventually administrative purposes from the 12th until the 15th century. It is difficult to know much about what was actually spoken, as what is known about the dialect is restricted to what was written, but it is clear that Anglo - Norman was, to a large extent, the spoken language of the higher social strata in medieval England. Title: Central Bikol Passage: Central Bikol, commonly called Bikol Naga, also known simply as Bicolano, is the most-spoken language in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur, second congressional district of Camarines Norte, eastern part of Albay, northeastern part of Sorsogon, San Pascual town in Masbate, and southwestern part of Catanduanes. Central Bikol speakers can be found in all provinces of Bicol and it is a majority language in Camarines Sur. The standard "sprachraum" form is based on the Canaman dialect. Title: Ek Aadmi Passage: Ek Aadmi is 1988 Hindi language movie directed by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, starring Shabana Azmi, Parikshat Sahni and Tun Tun. Title: Nicaraguan Sign Language Passage: In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words. Title: Ancient Egypt Passage: The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic. Title: Iranian languages Passage: Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an "old" quality for official proclamations. Title: Baltic Sea Passage: The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages: Title: Western Iranian languages Passage: The Western Iranian languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median. Title: Languages of Sierra Leone Passage: Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries. Title: Southern Europe Passage: The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain. Title: Tibet Passage: The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages. However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan is also spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have fled from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries. Title: Nader Naderpour Passage: Among many Iranian poets who shaped up the New Persian Poetry or New Poetry (in Persian: "She'r-e Now"), Ali Esfandiari aka Nima Yooshij, Parviz Natel Khanlari, Nader Naderpour, Forough Farrokhzad, Mehdi Akhavan Saless, Sohrab Sepehri, Fereydoon Moshiri, Siavash Kasrai, Ahmad Shamlu, Hushang Ebtehaj, and Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani are considered to be the most famous, skilful, and professional. Though Nima Yooshij (1896–1960) is known as the Father of New Persian Poetry, aka Nimaii Poetry or "She'r-e Nimaii", according to a number of eminent and highly respected literary and poetry scholars Nader Naderpour is considered as the first Iranian poet who opened up exciting vistas of the new Persian poetry. Title: Languages of Mexico Passage: Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.	[ "Nader Naderpour", "Western Iranian languages" ]
Do non-Christians agree that the cause of death of the figure who presented at the Temple in Jeresulem happened?	the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be	[ "Jesus Christ", "Christ", "God the Son", "Jesus" ]	Title: Religion in ancient Rome Passage: Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as primus inter pares ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently. Title: Crucifixion of Jesus Passage: The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified. Title: Rigor mortis Passage: Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death''), the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem. Title: History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages Passage: Jerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period: The city covered two square kilometers (0.8 sq mi.) and had a population of 200,000. In the five centuries following the Bar Kokhba revolt in the 2nd century, the city remained under Roman then Byzantine rule. During the 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine I constructed Christian sites in Jerusalem such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Title: Zion Passage: Zion (Hebrew: צִיּוֹן ‎ ‎ Tsiyyon), also transliterated Sion, Sayon, Syon, Tzion or Tsion, is a placename often used as a synonym for Jerusalem. The word is first found in 2 Samuel 5: 7 which dates from c. 630 -- 540 BC according to modern scholarship. It commonly referred to a specific hill in Jerusalem, (Mount Zion) located to the south of Mount Moriah or the Temple Mount, on which stood a Jebusite fortress of the same name that was conquered by David and was named the City of David. The hill (``mount '') is one of the many squat hills that form Jerusalem, to include the Mount of Olives etc. In the past many centuries, that was the only section of Jerusalem inside city wall that was the Jewish quarter. Title: Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) Passage: Date February -- August 3, 70 CE Location Jerusalem, Judaea 31 ° 46 ′ 41 ''N 35 ° 14 ′ 9'' E / 31.77806 ° N 35.23583 ° E / 31.77806; 35.23583 Coordinates: 31 ° 46 ′ 41 ''N 35 ° 14 ′ 9'' E / 31.77806 ° N 35.23583 ° E / 31.77806; 35.23583 Result Roman victory Main rebel Judean forces subdued. Temple of Jerusalem destroyed. Territorial changes Roman rule of Jerusalem restored Title: History of Jerusalem Passage: In 66 CE, the Jewish population rebelled against the Roman Empire in what is now known as the First Jewish -- Roman War or Great Revolt. Roman legions under future emperor Titus reconquered and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Also the Second Temple was burnt and all that remained was the great external (retaining) walls supporting the esplanade on which the Temple had stood, a portion of which has become known as the Western Wall. Titus' victory is commemorated by the Arch of Titus in Rome. Agrippa II died c. 94 CE, which brought the Herodian dynasty to an end almost thirty years after the destruction of the Second Temple. After the end of this revolt, Jews continued to live in Jerusalem in significant numbers, and were allowed to practice their religion, only if they paid the Jewish Tax. Title: Pattaya Passage: Wat Yanasangwararam Woramahawihan is a temple constructed in 1976 for Somdet Phra Yanasangwon, the present supreme patriarch. Within the temple compound are a replica of the Buddha's footprint, and a large chedi containing Buddha relics. Title: FIBT World Championships 1967 Passage: The FIBT World Championships 1967 took place in Alpe d'Huez, France for the second time, having hosted the event previously in 1951. The Four-man bobsleigh event was cancelled for the second consecutive year though the cause this time was due to high temperatures that caused the ice on the track to melt rather than a competitor's death as had happened in the previous championship. This was the test event for the bobsleigh events for the Winter Olympics that would take place the following year in neighboring Grenoble. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption. Title: David Flusser Passage: David Flusser (Hebrew: דוד פלוסר; born 1917; died 2000) was an Israeli professor of Early Christianity and Judaism of the Second Temple Period at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Title: Migraine Passage: Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms to a migraine headache include temporal arteritis, cluster headaches, acute glaucoma, meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Temporal arteritis typically occurs in people over 50 years old and presents with tenderness over the temple, cluster headaches presents with one-sided nose stuffiness, tears and severe pain around the orbits, acute glaucoma is associated with vision problems, meningitis with fevers, and subarachnoid hemorrhage with a very fast onset. Tension headaches typically occur on both sides, are not pounding, and are less disabling.Those with stable headaches that meet criteria for migraines should not receive neuroimaging to look for other intracranial disease. This requires that other concerning findings such as papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) are not present. People with migraines are not at an increased risk of having another cause for severe headaches. Title: Pantheon, Rome Passage: The Pantheon (/ ˈpænθiən / or US: / ˈpænθiɒn /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, ``(temple) of all the gods '') is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC -- 14 AD). The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. He retained Agrippa's original inscription, which has caused confusion over its date of construction as the original Pantheon burned down, so it is not certain when the present one was built. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and "returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth".[Luke 2:39] Title: Ark of the Covenant Passage: In 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple. There is no record of what became of the Ark in the Books of Kings and Chronicles. An ancient Greek version of the biblical third Book of Ezra, 1 Esdras, suggests that Babylonians took away the vessels of the ark of God, but does not mention taking away the Ark: Title: Mountainville Grange Hall Passage: The Mountainville Grange Hall is located on NY 32 just south of the hamlet of Mountainville in the town of Cornwall, Orange County, New York, United States. Built in 1904, the Grange sold it in 1984 to the Jerusalem Temple Lodge No. 721, a local Masonic body, and renamed the Cornwall Masonic Temple. Title: Kathmandu Passage: Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular. Title: Jesus Passage: Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Most Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on December 25 (or various dates in January by some eastern churches) as Christmas. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter. The widely used calendar era "AD", from the Latin "anno Domini" ("in the year of the Lord"), and the equivalent alternative "CE", are based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus. Title: Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) Passage: The siege ended on August 30, 70 CE with the burning and destruction of its Second Temple, and the Romans entered and sacked the Lower City. The destruction of both the first and second temples is still mourned annually as the Jewish fast Tisha B'Av. The Arch of Titus, celebrating the Roman sack of Jerusalem and the Temple, still stands in Rome. The conquest of the city was complete on September 8, 70 CE. Title: Second Temple Passage: Second Temple בית ־ המקדש השני Model of Herod's Temple (a renovation of the Second Temple) in the Israel Museum, created in 1966 as part of the Holyland Model of Jerusalem. The model was inspired by the writings of Josephus. Alternate name Herod's Temple Location Jerusalem 31 ° 46 ′ 41 ''N 35 ° 14 ′ 07'' E / 31.778013 ° N 35.235367 ° E / 31.778013; 35.235367 Type Temple Part of Herodian Temple Mount Height 45.72 metres (150.0 ft) History Builder Likely Zerubbabel, largely renovated by Herod the Great. Material local limestone Founded c. 537 -- 516 BCE (construction) Abandoned 70 CE (destroyed) Periods Early Roman Empire Site notes Excavation dates 1930, 1967, 1968, 1970 -- 1978, 1996 -- 1999, 2007 Archaeologists Charles Warren, Benjamin Mazar, Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron, Yaakov Billig Condition Ruin, archaeological park Ownership Disputed, currently managed by the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf Public access Yes (limited)	[ "Crucifixion of Jesus", "Mary, mother of Jesus", "Jesus" ]
Who is the finance minister of the state where the Maratha Kingdom was located in India?	Sudhir Mungantiwar	[]	Title: Balaji Vishwanath Passage: Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) (1662 -- 1720), better known as Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, was the sixth Peshwa and the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas (Marathi for Prime Minister) hailing from the Chitpavan Kokanastha Brahmin Hindu family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire during the 18th century. Balaji Vishwanath assisted a young Maratha Emperor Shahu to consolidate his grip on a kingdom that had been racked by civil war and persistent attack by the Mughals under Aurangzeb. He was called ``the second founder of the Maratha State. ''Later, his son Bajirao became the peshwa. His second son Chimnaji Appa won the vasai fort. Title: Minister of Railways (India) Passage: The Minister of Railways is the head of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. The railway minister is usually accorded a cabinet rank, and is responsible for Indian Railways, one of the largest employers in the world. An important responsibility of the railway minister is to present in Parliament the Railway Budget, the Annual Financial Statement of Indian Railways. Piyush Goyal of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the current Minister of Railways, serving since 3 September 2017. Railways Minister (India) Title: East India Company Passage: With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo-Maratha wars, the British also secured the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, the fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal), Bombay (Mumbai) and the surrounding areas, leading to a formal end of the Maratha empire and firm establishment of the British East India Company in India. Title: First Anglo-Maratha War Passage: The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai. Title: Arjun College of Technology Passage: Arjun College of Technology located at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, is a private self-financing engineering institute. It was established in 2013 as part of the Arjun Group of Concerns. The college is approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to the Anna University, Chennai. Title: Union budget of India Passage: Also again in 2017, departing from the colonial - era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February, Minister of Finance (India) Arun Jaitley, in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February. Additionally Rail Budget, presented separately for 92 Years, merged with union budget. Title: History of India Passage: There were several other kingdoms which ruled over parts of India in the later medieval period prior to the British occupation. However, most of them were bound to pay regular tribute to the Marathas. The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century. Under their rule, Mysore fought a series of wars sometimes against the combined forces of the British and Marathas, but mostly against the British, with Mysore receiving some aid or promise of aid from the French. Title: East India Company Passage: The aggressive policies of Lord Wellesley and the Marquis of Hastings led to the Company gaining control of all India (except for the Punjab and Sindh), and some part of the then kingdom of Nepal under the Sugauli Treaty. The Indian Princes had become vassals of the Company. But the expense of wars leading to the total control of India strained the Company's finances. The Company was forced to petition Parliament for assistance. This was the background to the Charter Act of 1813 which, among other things: Title: Sudhir Mungantiwar Passage: Sudhir Mungantiwar (born July 30, 1962) is Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, India. He currently serves as the Cabinet Minister of the Finance & Planning and Forests departments in the Government of Maharashtra, in office since October 2014. Previously, he was the Maharashtra State President for Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2010 to 2013 and the Minister of Tourism and Consumer Protection in the Government of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999. Title: Bruno Le Maire Passage: Bruno Le Maire (born 15 April 1969) is a French politician and former diplomat serving as Minister of the Economy and Finance since 2017. He previously served as Secretary of State for European Affairs from 2008 to 2009 and Minister of Food, Agriculture and Fishing from 2009 to 2012. Title: Minister of Finance (India) Passage: The first Finance Minister of independent India was R.K. Shanmukham Chetty, who also presented its first Budget. The incumbent Arun Jaitley, of the Bharatiya Janata Party, has held office since 26 May 2014. As of September 2017, Morarji Desai has presented 10 budgets which is the highest followed by P Chidambaram's 9 and Pranab Mukherjee's 8. Yashwant Sinha, Yashwantrao Chavan and C.D. Deshmukh have presented 7 budgets each while Manmohan Singh and T.T. Krishnamachari have presented 6 budgets. As of February 2018, four Finance Ministers have gone on to become the Prime Minister who are: Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, V.P. Singh and Manmohan Singh. Title: Minister of Railways (India) Passage: Minister of Railways Emblem of India Incumbent Piyush Goyal since 3 September 2017 Ministry of Railways Member of Cabinet of India Appointer President on the advice of the Prime Minister Inaugural holder John Mathai Formation 15 August 1947 Title: Fifteenth Finance Commission Passage: The Fifteenth Finance Commission of India (XV - FC; IAST: Paṃdrahavāṃ Bhāratīya Vitta Āyoga) is an Indian Finance Commission constituted in November 2017 and is to give recommendations for devolution of taxes and. other fiscal matters for five fiscal years, commencing on 1 April 2020. The commission's chairman is N.K. Singh, with its full - time members being Shaktikanta Das, Ashok Lahiri and Anoop Singh. In addition, the commission also has a part - time member in Ramesh Chand. Title: Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana Passage: Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana is a government - backed Life insurance scheme in India. It was originally mentioned in the 2015 Budget speech by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in February 2015. It was formally launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 May in Kolkata. As of May 2015, only 20% of India's population has any kind of insurance, this scheme aims to increase the number. Title: Union budget of India Passage: The Union Budget of India, also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in the Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India. The Government presents it on the first day of February so that it could be materialized before the commencement of new financial year in April. Till 2016 it was presented on the last working day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament. The budget, which is presented by means of the Finance bill and the Appropriation bill has to be passed by both the Houses before it can come into effect from April 1, the start of India's financial year. Title: Maratha Empire Passage: The Marathas were a Marathi warrior group from the western Deccan Plateau (present day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence by establishing a Hindavi Swarajya. The Marathas became prominent in the seventeenth century under the leadership of Shivaji who revolted against the Adil Shahi dynasty and the Mughal Empire and carved out a kingdom with Raigad as his capital. Known for their mobility, the Marathas were able to consolidate their territory during the Mughal -- Maratha Wars and later controlled a large part of the Indian subcontinent. Title: Pay Commission Passage: The Government of India has initiated the process to constitute the 7th Central Pay Commission along with finalisation of its Terms of Reference, the composition and the possible timeframe for submission of its Report. On 25 September 2013 then Finance Minister P Chidambaram announced that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has approved the constitution of the 7th Pay Commission. Its recommendations are likely to be implemented with effect from 1 January 2016. Justice A.K Mathur will be heading the Seventh Pay Commission, announcement of which was done on 4 February 2014. On 29 June 2016, Government accepted the recommendation of 7th Pay Commission Report with meager increase in salary of 14% after six month of intense evaluation and successive discussions. The Finance Minister of India claimed it historical increase of salaries due to little knowledge of Sixth Pay Commission. Title: History of India Passage: By the early 18th century, the Maratha Kingdom had transformed itself into the Maratha Empire under the rule of the Peshwas (prime ministers). In 1737, the Marathas defeated a Mughal army in their capital, Delhi itself in Battle of Delhi (1737). The Marathas continued their military campaigns against Mughals, Nizam, Nawab of Bengal and Durrani Empire to further extend their boundaries. Gordon explained how the Maratha systematically took control over new regions. They would start with annual raids, followed by collecting ransom from villages and towns while the declining Mughal Empire retained nominal control and finally taking over the region. He explained it with the example of Malwa region. Marathas built an efficient system of public administration known for its attention to detail. It succeeded in raising revenue in districts that recovered from years of raids, up to levels previously enjoyed by the Mughals. For example, the cornerstone of the Maratha rule in Malwa rested on the 60 or so local tax collectors who advanced the Maratha ruler Peshwa a portion of their district revenues at interest. By 1760, the domain of the Marathas stretched across practically the entire subcontinent. The north-western expansion of the Marathas was stopped after the Third Battle of Panipat (1761). However, the Maratha authority in the north was re-established within a decade under Peshwa Madhavrao I. The defeat of Marathas by British in third Anglo-Maratha Wars brought end to the empire by 1820. The last peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War. With the defeat of the Marathas, no native power represented any significant threat for the British afterwards. Title: Maratha Empire Passage: Ultimately, the Third Anglo - Maratha War (1817 -- 1818) resulted in the loss of Maratha independence. It left the British in control of most of India. The Peshwa was exiled to Bithoor (Marat, near Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) as a pensioner of the British. The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, with the exception of the states of Kolhapur and Satara, which retained local Maratha rulers (descendants of Shivaji and Sambhaji II ruled over Kolhapur). The Maratha - ruled states of Gwalior, Indore, and Nagpur all lost territory and came under subordinate alliance with the British Raj as princely states that retained internal sovereignty under British paramountcy. Other small princely states of Maratha knights were retained under the British Raj as well. Title: Battle of Farrukhabad Passage: The Battle of Farrukhabad (14 November 1804) was an engagement during the Second Anglo-Maratha War between forces of the British East India Company and those of Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar of the Maratha Empire.	[ "Sudhir Mungantiwar", "Maratha Empire" ]
Where did the spouse of Sting Quartet No. 4's composer die?	Copenhagen	[]	Title: Johann Baptist Schenk Passage: Schenk was born in Wiener Neustadt. While still a boy he composed songs, dances and symphonies, and became a proficient violinist and keyboard and wind instrument player. In 1773 he went to Vienna to study with Georg Christoph Wagenseil. Beginning in 1777 he was composing religious works for Saint Stephen's Cathedral. In the 1780s he became a prolific composer of incidental music for plays and singspiele. His best-known singspiel is "Der Dorfbarbier", which premiered in 1796. His other compositions include numerous cantatas, ten symphonies, several concertos (including a well-known one for harp), and five string quartets. Mozart was a good friend of Schenk and Beethoven studied under him in 1793. Title: String Quartets 1–3 Passage: String Quartets 1–3 is a 1991 album by the Balanescu Quartet (Alexander Balanescu, Jonathan Carney, Kate Musker, and Tony Hinnigan) and the fifteenth release by Michael Nyman. It is the second album of his music (after "Out of the Ruins") on which he did not perform or conduct, though he does provide liner notes. "String Quartet No. 3" is built out of "Out of the Ruins" and became a fixture in numerous Nyman film scores in the 1990s. Title: String Quartet No. 4 (Nielsen) Passage: Carl Nielsen's String Quartet No. 4 in F major or Quartet for Two Violins, Viola and Cello in F major, Opus 44, was composed between February and July 1906. The last of Nielsen's four string quartets in the official series, its first public performance took place on 30 November 1907 in Copenhagen. Title: Amy Denio Passage: Amy Denio (born June 9, 1961) is a Seattle (USA)-based multi-instrumental composer of soundtracks for modern dance, film and theater, as well as a songwriter and music improviser. Often called an unclassifiable "avant-garde" jazz musician, she is also deeply inspired by world music. She is probably best known as a vocalist, accordionist and saxophone-player. Among her current musical involvements are The Tiptons Sax Quartet (formerly The Billy Tipton Memorial Saxophone Quartet) and Die Resonanz Stanonczi, a radical folk group based in Salzburg, Austria. She has also collaborated repeatedly with the Pat Graney Dance Company, David Dorfman Dance Company, Victoria Marks, and with many other choreographers. Title: String Quartet No. 5 (Beethoven) Passage: The String Quartet No. 5 in A major, Op. 18, No. 5, was written between 1798 and 1800 by Ludwig van Beethoven and published in 1801, and dedicated to Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz. Beethoven modeled this quartet directly on Mozart's quartet in the same key (K. 464). Title: Adalbert Gyrowetz Passage: Vojtěch Matyáš Jírovec (Adalbert Gyrowetz) (20 February 1763 – 19 March 1850) was a Bohemian composer. He mainly wrote instrumental works, with a great production of string quartets and symphonies; his operas and singspiele numbered more than 30, including "Semiramide" (1791), "Der Augenarzt" (1811), and "Robert, oder Die Prüfung" (1815). Title: MusiConnects Passage: MusiConnects is a non-profit arts education organization, founded by the Boston Public Quartet and based in Boston, Massachusetts. Their mission is to model and teach self-expression, peer leadership and community development through the transformative power of chamber music. MusiConnects is actively working in partnership with Boston public schools to provide free music education to students – in the hopes of also creating a thriving community to unite youth, families, and musicians. The Boston Public quartet is a professional, performing string quartet that regularly gives concerts across the Boston area, in traditional and neighborhood venues alike. Title: Amadeus Quartet Passage: The Amadeus Quartet was a world-famous string quartet founded in 1947 and disbanded in 1987, remarkable for having retained its founding members throughout its long history. Title: Joseph Haydn Passage: Franz Joseph Haydn (; German: [ˈfʁants ˈjoːzɛf ˈhaɪdn̩] (listen); 31 March 1732 – 31 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio. His contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet".Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Esterházy family at their remote estate. Until the later part of his life, this isolated him from other composers and trends in music so that he was, as he put it, "forced to become original". Yet his music circulated widely, and for much of his career he was the most celebrated composer in Europe. Title: Helen Merrill with Strings Passage: Helen Merrill with Strings is the second album by Helen Merrill, featuring the singer fronting a quartet augmented by a string section arranged by Richard Hayman, recorded in 1955 and released on the EmArcy label. Title: Edwin Grasse Passage: Edwin Grasse (13 August 1884 – 8 April 1954) was an American violinist, organist and composer. Among his compositions were orchestral works, including a symphony and a violin concerto, and much chamber music, including a string quartet. Title: Carl Nielsen Museum Passage: The Carl Nielsen Museum is a museum dedicated to the life of Danish composer Carl Nielsen and his wife, the sculptor Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen. It documents his life from his childhood in the town of Nr. Lyndelse, to his career and success on the European music scene, with his violins, his bugle and his grand piano on display, as well as a number of his musical scores, including six symphonies, three concertos, two operas, and chamber music and a great number of songs. Title: String Quartet (Verdi) Passage: Giuseppe Verdi's String Quartet in E minor was written in the spring of 1873 during a production of "Aida" in Naples. It is the only surviving chamber music work in Verdi's catalogue. Title: Joseph Linke Passage: Joseph Linke (also spelled Joseph Lincke, Josef Linke; 8 June 1783 – 26 March 1837) was a cellist and composer who had a distinguished career in Vienna, as a soloist and as a member of the Schuppanzigh Quartet. He took part in the first performances of string quartets and other chamber works of Ludwig van Beethoven. Title: Come Thou Fount of Every Blessing Passage: In the United States, the hymn is usually set to an American folk tune known as "Nettleton", composed by printer John Wyeth, or possibly by Asahel Nettleton. In the United Kingdom, the hymn is also often set to the tune "Normandy" by C Bost. The "Nettleton" tune is used extensively in partial or full quotation by the American composer Charles Ives, in such works as the First String Quartet and the piano quintet and song "The Innate". The "Nettleton" tune is also quoted at the end of "My Trundle Bed" by Tullius C. O'Kane. A shape note song called "Warrenton" also has been sung with a chorus being in 4/4 time or 2/2 cut time; to fit the text to this melody, the second half of each verse is omitted and replaced with a refrain of "I am bound for the kingdom, will you come to glory with me? / Hallelujah, praise the Lord!" Title: String Quartet No. 15 (Mozart) Passage: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's String Quartet No. 15 in D minor, K. 421/417b is the second of the Quartets dedicated to Haydn and the only one of the set in a minor key. Though undated in the autograph, it is believed to have been completed in 1783, while his wife Constanze Mozart was in labour with her first child Raimund. Constanze stated that the rising string figures in the second movement corresponded to her cries from the other room. Title: Kevin Volans: Hunting:Gathering Passage: Kevin Volans: Hunting:Gathering is a studio album by the Kronos Quartet, containing works by South African composer Kevin Volans composed especially for the quartet. Title: Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen Passage: In 1892, Carl-Nielsen contributed for the first time to the Free Exhibition ("") in Copenhagen. She became a permanent member in 1893. The two calves in bronze were accepted for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Her second daughter, Anne Marie Frederikke Carl-Nielsen (known as – Sister) and son Hans Børge Carl-Nielsen were born on 4 March 1893 and 5 September 1895. Her father died on 14 September 1899. Title: Olivier Greif Passage: Olivier Greif (3 January 1950, Paris – 13 May 2000, Paris) was a French composer of Polish-Jewish parentage. His father was an Auschwitz survivor, a fact which affected Greif deeply and led him to compose a number of Holocaust-themed works, notably "Todesfuge", and "Lettres de Westerbork", a song cycle which uses letters written by Etty Hillesum . (The composer wanted to use Paul Celan's poem "Todesfuge" in his third string quartet, but found it difficult to set, so kept the title but used Dylan Thomas's "Elegy" instead.) Title: Alois Reiser Passage: Alois Reiser (April 6, 1887 - April 4, 1977 in Los Angeles) was an American composer of Czechoslovakian origin. Born in Prague, he came to the United States in 1905. He composed a number of works for orchestra, including two tone poems and two cello concertos; he also wrote chamber music, including string quartets, and the opera "Gobi". He also composed music for films.	[ "Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen", "String Quartet No. 4 (Nielsen)", "Carl Nielsen Museum" ]
What actress stars in the soap opera featuring the character of Charlie Schneider?	Valerie Niehaus	[]	Title: Al Ernest Garcia Passage: Allan Ernest Garcia (11 March 1887 – 4 September 1938) was an American actor and casting director, best known for his long association with Charlie Chaplin. Title: Article Five of the United States Constitution Passage: Article V provides two methods for amending the nation's frame of government. The first method authorizes Congress, ``whenever two - thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary ''(a two - thirds of those members present -- assuming that a quorum exists at the time that the vote is cast -- and not necessarily a two - thirds vote of the entire membership elected and serving in the two houses of Congress), to propose Constitutional amendments. The second method requires Congress,`` on the application of the legislatures of two - thirds of the several states'' (presently 34), to ``call a convention for proposing amendments ''. Title: Mary Schneider Passage: Mary Schneider AM, (born 25 October 1932 in Rockhampton, Queensland) is an Australian singer, songwriter and performer, who is a master at the classic Swiss Alpine style, she is best known for yodelling the works of various standards by many a classic composer. Her repertoire has covered everything from yodelling of classical music pieces to marches and European folk music tunes. Her daughter is the ARIA Award winning singer songwriter Melinda Schneider is also an Australian country music entertainer and performer. She mainly appears in club and pub venues around Australia, as well as overseas, but has also performed at many arena venues. She performed with her sister Rita Schneider, as part of The Schneider Sisters singing duo, who in 2002 were inducted into the Australian Roll of Renown. Title: Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe Passage: Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe is a British television review programme created and presented by Charlie Brooker and broadcast on BBC Four. The programme contains reviews of current shows, as well as stories and commentary on how television is produced. Title: The One Where Rachel Smokes Passage: Joanna Gleason as Kim Clozzi Jane Sibbett as Carol Megan Ward as Nancy Judy Kain as The Casting Director Jim Wise as Kyle Jack Allen & Charlie Allen as Ben Matt Weinberg as Raymond Title: Victorious Passage: Victorious is the fifth series created by Dan Schneider for Nickelodeon, after The Amanda Show, Drake & Josh, Zoey 101, and iCarly. Schneider first met Victoria Justice in 2005, when she was twelve and arrived to audition for the part of Lola Martinez on Zoey 101. Impressed by her energy and look, Schneider hired her and, after working with her on three episodes, called Nickelodeon to say, "I've got your next star." Justice continued her role on Zoey 101 until the series ended in 2008. In the meantime, Disney Channel, Nickelodeon's main competitor, had experienced immense success with franchises like Hannah Montana and High School Musical, which featured original songs and generated revenue through music as well as television. Seeking to "follow where the kids are", Nickelodeon executives asked Schneider to create a music-based show for the channel. Near the end of Zoey 101's run, Justice was summoned to meet with Schneider about a potential series starring her. Victorious is the first series on Nickelodeon to premiere in the decade of 2010. Big Time Rush's first episode premiered two months earlier, but its original pilot premiered in 2009. Title: How TV Ruined Your Life Passage: How TV Ruined Your Life is a six-episode BBC Two television series written and presented by Charlie Brooker. Charlie Brooker, whose earlier TV-related programmes include "How to Watch Television", "Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe" and "You Have Been Watching", examines how the medium has bent reality to fit its own ends. Produced by Zeppotron, the series aired its first episode in January 2011. Title: Reuel Abraham Passage: Reuel Abraham (born 1924), born Karl Heinz Schneider, was a Hitler Youth member and Luftwaffe pilot during World War II reported to be the first former Nazi to convert to Judaism. Title: Days of Heaven Passage: Jacob Brackman introduced fellow producer Bert Schneider to Terrence Malick in 1975. On a trip to Cuba, Schneider and Malick began conversations that would lead to the development of "Days of Heaven". Malick had tried and failed to get Dustin Hoffman or Al Pacino to star in the film. Schneider agreed to produce the film. He and Malick cast young actors Richard Gere and Brooke Adams and actor/playwright Sam Shepard for the lead roles. Paramount Pictures CEO at the time Barry Diller wanted Schneider to produce films for him and agreed to finance "Days of Heaven". At the time, the studio was heading in a new direction. They were hiring new production heads who had worked in network television and, according to former production chief Richard Sylbert, "[manufacturing] product aimed at your knees". Despite the change in direction, Schneider was able to secure a deal with Paramount by guaranteeing the budget and taking personal responsibility for all overages. "Those were the kind of deals I liked to make ... because then I could have final cut and not talk to nobody about why we're gonna use this person instead of that person", Schneider said. Title: Marlin Schneider Passage: Marlin Schneider was a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 72nd Assembly District from 1970 to 2010. Title: Paul Schneider-Esleben Passage: Paul Schneider-Esleben was born in 1915 in Düsseldorf to Elisabeth and Franz Schneider-Esleben, an architect. Before completing his secondary school "Abitur", he worked at his father's architectural practice and went on to study architecture at the University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart in 1937. He graduated in 1947; from 1939 to 1945 he suspended his studies to participate in the Second World War. Title: Linda Harrison (actress) Passage: Linda Melson Harrison (born July 26, 1945) is an American television and film actress, and director and producer, who is internationally known for her role as Nova, Charlton Heston's mute mate in the science fiction film Planet of the Apes (1968) and the first sequel, Beneath the Planet of the Apes; she also had a cameo in Tim Burton's 2001 remake of the original. She was a regular cast member of the 1969 - 70 NBC television series Bracken's World. She was the second wife of film producer Richard D. Zanuck (Jaws, Cocoon, Driving Miss Daisy, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory); her youngest son is producer Dean Zanuck (Road to Perdition, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory). Title: Ira Schneider Passage: Ira Schneider (born in New York, NY in 1939) is an American video artist. He graduated from Brown University as Bachelor of Arts in 1960 and from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in Psychology as Magister of Arts in 1964. He has been living and working in Berlin since 1993. Title: The Walking Dead (comic book) Passage: The Walking Dead Cover of The Walking Dead No. 1. Art by Tony Moore. Publication information Publisher Image Comics Schedule Monthly Format Ongoing series Genre Post-apocalyptic Publication date October 2003 -- present No. of issues 174 Creative team Created by Robert Kirkman Tony Moore Written by Robert Kirkman Artist (s) Tony Moore (# 1 -- 6) Charlie Adlard (# 7 -- present) Penciller (s) Tony Moore (# 1 -- 6) Charlie Adlard (# 7 -- present) Inker (s) Tony Moore (# 1 -- 6) Charlie Adlard (# 7 -- present) Stefano Gaudiano (# 115 -- present) Letterer (s) Robert Kirkman (# 1 - 19) Rus Wooton (# 20 - present) Colorist (s) Tony Moore (# 1 -- 5) Cliff Rathburn (# 6 -- present) Editor (s) Aubrey Sitterson (# 55 - 70) Sina Grace (# 67 -- 96) Sean Mackiewicz (# 97 -- present) Title: Julia Mendes Passage: Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera "Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner. Title: Caroline Fourest Passage: Caroline Fourest (; born September 19, 1975 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French feminist writer, film director, journalist, radio presenter at "France Culture", and editor of the magazine "ProChoix." She is the author of "Frère Tariq" ("Brother Tariq"), a critical look at the works of Muslim intellectual Tariq Ramadan. She was also a columnist for Charlie Hebdo, for "Le Monde" until 14 July 2012 and she joined Marianne in 2016. Title: Monsieur Verdoux Passage: Monsieur Verdoux is a 1947 black comedy film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin, who plays a bigamist wife killer inspired by serial killer Henri Désiré Landru. The supporting cast includes Martha Raye, William Frawley, and Marilyn Nash. Title: Empty Nest Passage: The show's theme song was ``Life Goes On '', written by John Bettis and George Tipton and performed by Billy Vera. For the first three seasons, the song was presented in a slower, more melancholy yet comical arrangement. The original opening titles sequence showed Harry Weston taking Dreyfuss for a walk around town, with still images of the other regular cast members shown as they were credited. Title: Adolphe Schneider Passage: Adolphe Schneider (23 October 1802 – 3 August 1845) was a French financier and industrialist who developed a major metalworking enterprise at Le Creusot, the parent of today's Schneider Electric. Title: Charlie Schneider Passage: Charlotte 'Charlie' Schneider is a fictional character from the German soap opera "Verbotene Liebe", portrayed by actress Gabriele Metzger. She made her first appearance on screen in the series premiere on 2 January 1995. After the departure of Konrad Krauss, who played Arno Brandner, Metzger is the only remaining original cast member.	[ "Julia Mendes", "Charlie Schneider" ]
When did Darla Pacheco's birthplace become an American territory?	1898	[]	Title: Fernando Cagigal Passage: Fernando Cagigal de la Vega y Martínez Niño de San Miguel y Pacheco, 4th Marquess of Casa Cagigal (1756–1824) was a Spanish soldier, poet, and playwright. Title: Birth house of Anton Chekhov Passage: The Birth house of Anton Chekhov is the place in Taganrog, Russia, where the famous writer Anton Chekhov was born. It is now a writer's house museum. The outbuilding on the territory of a property on Chekhov Street (formerly Kupecheskaya Street, later Alexandrovskaya Street, and renamed in honor of Chekhov in 1904, soon after his death) in Taganrog was built in 1859 of wattle and daub, plastered and whitened. The area taken up by the small outbuilding is 30.5 sq. meters. The house and grounds were owned by the merchant Gnutov in 1860, and by the petit bourgeois Kovalenko in 1880-1915. Title: Darla Pacheco Passage: Darli Arni Pacheco Montañez (born April 16, 1989 in Puerto Rico), also known as Darla Pacheco, is a Puerto Rican beauty pageant titleholder and model. Title: Puerto Rico Passage: Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile during his second voyage. Later it endured invasion attempts from the French, Dutch, and British. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island's ethnic, cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves, Canarian, and Andalusian settlers. In the Spanish imperial imagination, Puerto Rico played a secondary, but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and the mainland parts of New Spain. Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century, helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Native Americans, Africans, and Iberians. In 1898, following the Spanish -- American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Title: Face Off (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of the Syfy reality television series Face Off premiered on January 13, 2015. This season was won by Darla Edin of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Title: Nathan Pacheco Passage: After spending his youth in Northern Virginia and graduating from Oakton High School, Pacheco graduated from the music program of Brigham Young University, and also followed his love of culture and languages by continuing his education abroad in South America and Europe. Pacheco spent over two years in Brazil, being immersed in its culture and allowing its influence to contribute to his musical development. He eventually traveled throughout Brazil, performing both classical as well as some of Brazil's cultural music. Title: Ebenezer Sproat Passage: Ebenezer Sproat (February 9, 1752 – January 7, 1805), surname also spelled Sprout, was an officer of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, a pioneer to the Ohio Country, and one of the founders of Marietta, Ohio, the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory. He served throughout the entire American war of independence, from April 1775 through November 1783, achieving the rank of colonel. After the war, he was a pioneer and surveyor in the Northwest Territory, and became a leader of the militia at Marietta during the Northwest Indian War. He was the first sheriff in the Northwest Territory and Ohio, serving fourteen years as sheriff of Washington County, the oldest county in Ohio. Title: British Togoland Passage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule. Title: The Little Rascals (film) Passage: Darla breaks up with Alfalfa and turns her attentions toward Waldo (Blake McIver Ewing), the new kid in town whose father is an oil tycoon. Because Alfalfa burned down the clubhouse and also fraternized with a girl, Stymie (Kevin Jamal Woods) assigns him to guard the go - kart until the day of the race. Title: Budapest Passage: The Magyar tribes led by Árpád, forced out of their original homeland north of Bulgaria by Tsar Simeon after the Battle of Southern Buh, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest, and a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary. Research places the probable residence of the Árpáds as an early place of central power near what became Budapest. The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly proved that it is difficult to mount a defence on a plain. King Béla IV of Hungary therefore ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns and set his own royal palace on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361 it became the capital of Hungary. Title: The Little Rascals (film) Passage: Alfalfa makes several attempts to woo back Darla, including sending her a fake love note. When that attempt fails, Spanky goes with him to formally break things off with Darla. They are initially turned from the door of her ballet school, but Spanky insists that they will wait for Darla to come out; Spanky gives Alfalfa a frog to play with while they wait. They are soon spotted by the neighborhood bullies Butch (Sam Saletta) and Woim (Blake Jeremy Collins), who chase them inside the building. To get away, the boys duck into a costume room and disguise themselves in ballet drag. They manage to evade the bullies, but when they attempt to enter another room to get out of their disguises, they are surprised to find the room filled with girls, including Darla, dressed in ballet outfits. The boys nervously pretend to be in the ballet recital that is about to take place, but Alfalfa almost gives them away when the frog he is still holding croaks. Just as they are about to back out of the room, the ballet mistress (Lea Thompson) enters and ushers them all on stage. Title: Goa liberation movement Passage: Major General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth was appointed military governor of Goa that was first created by British government in 1934. In 1963, the Parliament of India passed the 12th Amendment Act to the Constitution of India, formally integrating the captured territories into the Indian Union. Goa, Daman and Diu became a Union Territory. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, which was previously a part of the Estado da India, but independent between 1954 and 1961, became a separate Union Territory. Title: Colorado Territory Passage: Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name "Colorado" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state. Title: Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear Passage: Máximo Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear Pacheco (October 4, 1868 – March 23, 1942), better known as "Marcelo T. de Alvear" was an Argentine politician and President of Argentina October 12, 1922 to October 12, 1928. Title: Queen Sugar Passage: Glynn Turman as Ernest Bordelon, the patriarch of the Bordelon family and older brother of Violet (season 1) Henry G. Sanders as Prosper Denton, a lifelong friend to Ernest and fellow farmer True O'Brien as Stella, Micah's girlfriend who he later breaks up with having finding out she had sex with several other guys (season 1) Reagan Gomez - Preston as Chantal Williams, Nova's friend Issac White as Devonte ``Too Sweet ''Bonclair, a teen who after being falsely imprisoned becomes the main focus of Nova's current crusade on how the parish DA has been railroading African - Americans (season 1) Tanyell Waivers as Keke Raymond, a teenage friend of the family who Micah sets his sights on after meeting her at a family cook - out Deja Dee as Sierra, Nova's college roommate Sharon Lawrence as Lorna, Charley's mother Michael Michele as Darlene, Darla's mother Roger Guenveur Smith as Quincy, Darla's father Alimi Ballard as Dr. Robert Dubois, an activist, who becomes Nova's love interest briefly in the second season Title: George Alexander Parks Passage: George Alexander Parks (May 29, 1883 – May 11, 1984) was an American engineer who worked in Alaska Territory for most of his career. Following an unexpected nomination from President Calvin Coolidge, he became the territory's first resident governor. As governor, he was the first person to serve two complete four-year terms and the first chief executive to travel extensively by air. Title: Margaret Sanger Passage: Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879 -- September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term ``birth control '', opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Title: José María Valverde Passage: José María Valverde Pacheco (26 January 1926, Valencia de Alcántara (Cáceres) – 6 June 1996, Barcelona) was a Spanish poet, essayist, literary critic, philosophy historian, and Spanish translator. Title: Addison Hiatt Sanders Passage: Addison Hiatt Sanders (September 13, 1823 – November 7, 1912) was a newspaper editor who joined the Union Army during the American Civil War. He became a Brevet Brigadier General before the war was over, and went on to become the Secretary of the Montana Territory. Title: Kievan Rus' Passage: Due to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political "control" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes banded together in an effort to increase the applicable workforce and expand the productivity of the land. This union developed the first major cities in the Rus' and was the first notable form of self-government. As these communes became larger, the emphasis was taken off the family holdings and placed on the territory that surrounded. This shift in ideology became known as the verv'.	[ "Darla Pacheco", "Puerto Rico" ]
When was the Golden Gate Bridge built in the city the font apple uses on its website is named after?	1937	[]	Title: Torne River Railway Bridge Passage: The Torne River Railway Bridge is a dual gauge railway bridge between Haparanda, Sweden and Tornio, Finland; the 1524mm rails used for Finland, the 1435mm rails used for Sweden. A temporary ice river track was built over the Torne River in 1917. The current bridge was opened in 1919 and was the first direct connection between the towns until the road bridge opened in 1939. It was jointly built by the governments of Sweden and Finland, and by the railway. Title: Unicode Passage: Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Last Resort font will display a substitute glyph indicating the Unicode range of the character, and the SIL International's Unicode Fallback font will display a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character. Title: Golden Gate Bridge Passage: Golden Gate Bridge A view of the Golden Gate Bridge from the Marin Headlands Coordinates 37 ° 49 ′ 11 ''N 122 ° 28 ′ 43'' W / 37.81972 ° N 122.47861 ° W / 37.81972; - 122.47861 Coordinates: 37 ° 49 ′ 11 ''N 122 ° 28 ′ 43'' W / 37.81972 ° N 122.47861 ° W / 37.81972; - 122.47861 Carries 6 lanes of US 101 / SR 1 (see below), pedestrians and bicycles. Crosses Golden Gate Locale San Francisco, California and Marin County, California, U.S. Official name Golden Gate Bridge Maintained by Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District Characteristics Design Art Deco, Suspension, truss arch & truss causeways Material Steel Total length 8,981 ft (2,737.4 m), about 1.7 mi (2.7 km) Width 90 ft (27.4 m) Height 746 ft (227.4 m) Longest span 4,200 ft (1,280.2 m) Clearance above 14 ft (4.3 m) at toll gates, Trucks can not pass Clearance below 220 ft (67.1 m) at high tide History Architect Irving Morrow Engineering design by Joseph Strauss, and Charles Ellis Construction start January 5, 1933 (1933 - 01 - 05) Construction end April 19, 1937 (1937 - 04 - 20) Opened May 27, 1937; 80 years ago (1937 - 05 - 27) Statistics Daily traffic 110,000 Toll Cars (southbound only) $7.50 (Pay by plate), $6.50 (FasTrak), $4.50 (carpools during peak hours, FasTrak only) California Historical Landmark Designated June 18, 1987 Reference no. 974 San Francisco Designated Landmark Designated May 21, 1999 Reference no. 222 Golden Gate Bridge Bridges in the San Francisco Bay Title: Golden Gate Bridge Passage: Construction began on January 5, 1933. The project cost more than $35 million, ($493 million in 2016 dollars) completing ahead of schedule and $1.3 million under budget. The Golden Gate Bridge construction project was carried out by the McClintic - Marshall Construction Co., a subsidiary of Bethlehem Steel Corporation founded by Howard H. McClintic and Charles D. Marshall, both of Lehigh University. Title: Rodeo Beach Passage: Rodeo Beach is a beach in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area located in Marin County, California, two miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge. It is characterized by a spit of around 50 meters width at the mouth of a long embayment, known as Rodeo Lagoon; for much of the year the lagoon is cut off from the ocean, making the beach spit a baymouth bar. Part of the beach is sheltered by cliffs. Rodeo Beach is known for its dark, pebbly sand, its uses for surfing and sunbathing, and its locale as a place for viewing, but not collecting, semi-precious stones. This beach is unique among California beaches in that it is largely made up of coarse, pebbly chert grains, both red and green in color. Its mineral composition sets it apart from every other beach in the state Surfing is possible throughout the year and at all tidal stages, but is best in summer — although there is a risk of shark attacks. Due to the North bar offshore of this beach it results in big waves in the winter months with the big swells that come in. Strong currents make swimming dangerous. Title: Typography of Apple Inc. Passage: Starting with the release of the Apple Watch, Apple has begun usage of San Francisco as the typeface of word marks such as ``iPhone '',`` AirPods'', and ``MacBook Pro ''on the devices themselves. This change is also reflected on some headlines on product marketing webpages. Apple modified the majority of its website's text to use the San Francisco font on January 24, 2017, and San Francisco became the universal official font for Apple. Title: Old Sartell Bridge Passage: The Old Sartell Bridge is a bridge that spans the Mississippi River in the city of Sartell in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Though still standing, it is closed to traffic and was replaced by the Sartell Bridge constructed about 850 feet downstream. The bridge is around 1000 feet downstream of the Sartell Dam. The bridge was built during a six-month period in 1914, but over the years the bridge became congested and less able to carry heavy traffic. As early as 1957, heavy trucks were found to be too much for the span. When the new bridge was built in 1984, the old bridge was used as a pedestrian footbridge, but it became impractical for this use since there is now a factory at the east end. The bridge now carries only utility lines. Title: Whatever Gets You thru the Night Passage: ``Whatever Gets You Thru the Night ''is a song written by John Lennon, released as a single in 1974 on Apple Records, catalogue Apple 1874 in the United States and Apple R5998 in the United Kingdom. It peaked at number 1 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Cashbox Top 100. It also peaked at number 36 on the British singles chart. It was the lead single for the Walls and Bridges album in the US; in the UK it was released the same day as the album. Title: Golden Gate Bridge Passage: The Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District, authorized by an act of the California Legislature, was incorporated in 1928 as the official entity to design, construct, and finance the Golden Gate Bridge. However, after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the District was unable to raise the construction funds, so it lobbied for a $30 million bond measure. The bonds were approved in November 1930, by votes in the counties affected by the bridge. The construction budget at the time of approval was $27 million. However, the District was unable to sell the bonds until 1932, when Amadeo Giannini, the founder of San Francisco -- based Bank of America, agreed on behalf of his bank to buy the entire issue in order to help the local economy. Title: West Gate Bridge Passage: Construction resumed in 1972, with the bridge being completed in 1978. After 10 years of construction, the bridge, a part of the larger West Gate Freeway, cost $202 million. Title: Sydney Harbour Bridge Passage: Under the direction of Dr John Bradfield of the NSW Department of Public Works, the bridge was designed and built by British firm Dorman Long and Co Ltd of Middlesbrough and opened in 1932. The bridge's design was influenced by the Hell Gate Bridge in New York City. It is the sixth longest spanning - arch bridge in the world and the tallest steel arch bridge, measuring 134 m (440 ft) from top to water level. It was also the world's widest long - span bridge, at 48.8 m (160 ft) wide, until construction of the new Port Mann Bridge in Vancouver was completed in 2012. Title: Golden Gate Bridge Passage: The Frommer's travel guide describes the Golden Gate Bridge as ``possibly the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed, bridge in the world. ''At the time of its opening in 1937, it was both the longest and the tallest suspension bridge in the world, with a main span of 4,200 feet (1,280 m) and a total height of 746 feet (227 m). Title: Golden Gate Bridge Passage: The Golden Gate Bridge's clearance above high water averages 220 feet (67 m) while its towers, at 746 feet (227 m) above the water, were the world's tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico. Title: Apple I Passage: Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple - 1, is a desktop computer released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in 1976. It was designed and hand - built by Steve Wozniak. Wozniak's friend Steve Jobs had the idea of selling the computer. The Apple I was Apple's first product, and to finance its creation, Jobs sold his only motorized means of transportation, a VW Microbus, for a few hundred dollars, and Wozniak sold his HP - 65 calculator for $500; however, Wozniak said that Jobs planned to use his bicycle if necessary. It was demonstrated in July 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California. Title: Dartmouth Bridge Passage: The Dartmouth Bridge is a steel girder bridge that spans the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, between the Cedar-Riverside area and the University of Minnesota campus area. It carries I-94/US 12/US 52. It was built in 1964 and was designed by Parsons Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas. It is named for its proximity to Dartmouth Avenue SE, just north of the bridge. Title: Time After Time (1979 film) Passage: Time After Time was filmed throughout San Francisco, including Cow Hollow, North Beach, the Hyatt Regency hotel, California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park, the Marina District, Ghirardelli Square, Fisherman's Wharf, the Richmond District, the Golden Gate Bridge, Grace Cathedral on Nob Hill, the Embarcadero Center, Chinatown, the Marina Green, the Palace of Fine Arts, Potrero Hill, and the Civic Center. Title: OpenType Passage: OpenType's origins date to Microsoft's attempt to license Apple's advanced typography technology GX Typography in the early 1990s. Those negotiations failed, motivating Microsoft to forge ahead with its own technology, dubbed "TrueType Open" in 1994. Adobe joined Microsoft in those efforts in 1996, adding support for the glyph outline technology used in its Type 1 fonts. Title: Apple Store Passage: Apple Store Industry Computer hardware Computer software Consumer electronics Distribution Founded May 19, 2001; 16 years ago (2001 - 05 - 19) Tysons Corner Center Fairfax County, Virginia, U.S. Founder Ron Johnson Number of locations World: 500 stores in 22 countries (272 US / 228 elsewhere) Key people Tim Cook (CEO) Angela Ahrendts (SVP: Retail and Online Stores) Phil Schiller (SVP: Worldwide Marketing) Products Mac iPad iPhone iPod Apple TV Apple Watch Apple & third - party software and accessories Parent Apple Inc. Website www.apple.com/retail Title: Green Bay Road Bridge Passage: The Green Bay Road Bridge is a Pratt pony truss bridge across the Manitowoc River in Manitowoc Rapids. The bridge was built in 1887 by the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company and was the second river crossing built at its location. Originally a road bridge, the bridge is now used for a bicycle and walking trail; it is in good condition and is considered a historically significant example of a pony truss road bridge. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 3, 1998. Title: John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge Passage: The John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge is a bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Raritan River. The bridge was built in 2005 to replace the smaller Nevius Street Bridge built in 1886. The Nevius Street Bridge today functions as a pedestrian bridge. The bridge connects First Avenue and what used to be the short one way block of Lyman Street in Raritan with River Road in Hillsborough. After crossing into Hillsborough, the road curves to meet up with the old alignment with the Nevius Street Bridge. The bridge is named for local World War II hero, John Basilone. The bridge has a pedestrian tunnel underneath its northern approach, as part of the Raritan River Greenway.	[ "Typography of Apple Inc.", "Golden Gate Bridge" ]
Who won American Idol when the contestant who won an Oscar for Dreamgirls was on it?	Fantasia Barrino	[]	Title: American Idol Passage: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys." Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season. Title: American Idol Passage: The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers. The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on. The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales. Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance. Title: American Idol Passage: The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show. Title: Frankie Avalon Passage: Frankie Avalon (born Francis Thomas Avallone; September 18, 1940) is an Italian - American actor, singer, and former teen idol. Title: American Idol Passage: Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the "true art form of music", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem "so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight", and that "television is a lie". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol "isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' " That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that "Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that "there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs". Title: Melinda Doolittle Passage: Melinda Marie Doolittle (born October 6, 1977) is an American singer who finished as the third place finalist on the sixth season of "American Idol". Prior to her appearance on "American Idol", Doolittle worked as a professional back-up singer for, among others, Michael McDonald, Kirk Franklin, Aaron Neville, BeBe and CeCe Winans, Alabama, Jonny Lang, Vanessa Bell Armstrong, Carman, and Anointed. Title: Brian Dunkleman Passage: Brian Dunkleman (born September 25, 1971) is an American comedian and actor. He is best known as being co-host with Ryan Seacrest on the first season of American Idol, in 2002. Title: American Idol (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three. Title: You're a Star Passage: You're a Star was a singing contest in Ireland, similar to "The X Factor" in the United Kingdom and "American Idol" in the USA. Created by Screentime ShinAwiL and Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) in 2002, it was shown weekly on RTÉ One over the winter months of each year. The show was broadcast live from The Helix theatre in Dublin City University (DCU). Title: Automatic (Sarah Whatmore song) Passage: "Automatic" is the second song released by "Pop Idol" contestant Sarah Whatmore. The song was originally due to be included on her debut album, however the album was cancelled. Title: Pia Toscano Passage: Pia Toscano (born October 14, 1988) is an American singer. Toscano placed ninth on the tenth season of "American Idol". She was considered a frontrunner in the competition, and her elimination shocked judges Randy Jackson, Jennifer Lopez, and Steven Tyler, all of whom were visibly and vocally upset. Some viewers and media outlets described Toscano's departure as one of the most shocking eliminations in "American Idol" history. Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition. Title: Aubrey Cleland Passage: Aubrey Cleland is an American model and singer who came in 11th place on the twelfth season of "American Idol". Title: American Idol (season 3) Passage: The third season of American Idol premiered on Monday, January 19, 2004 and continued until May 26, 2004. The third season was won by Fantasia Barrino, who defeated Diana DeGarmo by an approximate margin of 2% (1.3 million votes); the vote total (65 million votes) was the highest recorded vote total in the show's history until the May 23, 2007, finale of the sixth season. This season also featured Jennifer Hudson, who would subsequently win the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. This is the last season to be aired in standard definition, with the only exception being the grand finale. Title: American Idol (season 1) Passage: The first season of American Idol premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. That first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended. Title: American Idol Passage: Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential". Others, however, thought that "the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed". It was also described as a "sadistic musical bake-off", and "a romp in humiliation". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations – Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is "a conniving multimedia monster" that has "absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that "The terrorists have won" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who "gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome)." Title: American Idol (season 8) Passage: The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three. Title: American Idol Passage: The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South. Title: American Idol Passage: As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone.	[ "American Idol", "American Idol (season 3)" ]
Who was president of the country where Eckelson Township is located when the city where Akinoshu Kenji was born was bombed?	President Truman	[]	Title: Kenji Treschuk Passage: Kenji Treschuk (born December 26, 1982 in Honolulu, Hawaii) is an American soccer player, currently for Wan Chai Sports Federation. Title: Kenji Fujimori Passage: Kenji Fujimori was born to Japanese Peruvian engineers, Alberto Fujimori, at the time dean of the science faculty of the National Agrarian University in Lima, and later President of Peru, and Susana Higuchi. He has three elder siblings. His father won the 1990 presidential elections, in 1992 he suspended the constitution and neutralized the Congress and the opposition. Kenji's mother soon disagreed with her husband, and they divorced in 1994. After this, Kenji's 19-year-old sister Keiko was named "First Lady". Alberto Fujimori resigned in 2001 after a massive corruption scandal and went to exile in Japan. He was extradited to Peru and sentenced to jail in 2007. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country. Title: Akinoshū Kenji Passage: Akinoshū Kenji (born 17 January 1969 as Kenji Imada) is a former sumo wrestler from Hiroshima, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1984, and reached the top division in September 1997. His highest rank was "maegashira" 9. He left the sumo world upon retirement in January 2001. Title: Daimanazuru Kenji Passage: Daimanazuru Kenji (born January 16, 1977 as Kenji Omae) is a former sumo wrestler from Kawakami, Yoshino District, Nara, Japan. He began his professional career in 1992, and spent a total of 19 tournaments in the top two divisions, peaking at "maegashira" 16 in 2006. He retired at the end of the January 2010 tournament and has chosen to work outside of the Sumo Association. Title: 25 August 2003 Mumbai bombings Passage: The 25 August 2003 Mumbai bombings were twin car bombings in the Indian city of Mumbai that killed 54, and injured 244 people. One of the bomb explosions took place at the Gateway of India, which is a major tourist attraction. The other bomb went off in a jewellery market Zaveri Bazaar near the Mumba Devi temple in central Mumbai. Both the bombs were planted in parked taxis and exploded during the lunch hour. No group initially claimed responsibility for the attack, but Kashmir rebel group and Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Toiba was blamed for it. Title: Eckelson, North Dakota Passage: Eckelson is an unincorporated community in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States. Eckelson is west of Sanborn and north of Interstate 94, which has an exit serving Eckelson. Title: Union Township, Phelps County, Nebraska Passage: Union Township is one of fourteen townships in Phelps County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 523 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 525. Title: Logan Township, Dodge County, Nebraska Passage: Logan Township is one of fourteen townships in Dodge County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 534 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 518. Title: Humphrey Township, Platte County, Nebraska Passage: Humphrey Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 389 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 394. Title: Eckelson Township, Barnes County, North Dakota Passage: Eckelson Township is a civil township in Barnes County, North Dakota, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 95. Title: Emerson Township, Dixon County, Nebraska Passage: Emerson Township is one of thirteen townships in Dixon County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 542 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 529. Title: Elkhorn Township, Dodge County, Nebraska Passage: Elkhorn Township is one of fourteen townships in Dodge County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 416 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 391. Title: Oneida Township, Kearney County, Nebraska Passage: Oneida Township is one of fourteen townships in Kearney County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 515 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 495. Title: Bristow Township, Boyd County, Nebraska Passage: Bristow Township is one of nine townships in Boyd County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 151 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 136. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: The staff officer went to the airport and took off for the southwest. After flying for about three hours, while still nearly 160 km (100 mi) from Hiroshima, he and his pilot saw a great cloud of smoke from the bomb. After circling the city in order to survey the damage they landed south of the city, where the staff officer, after reporting to Tokyo, began to organize relief measures. Tokyo's first indication that the city had been destroyed by a new type of bomb came from President Truman's announcement of the strike, sixteen hours later. Title: Cotterell Township, Dodge County, Nebraska Passage: Cotterell Township is one of fourteen townships in Dodge County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 400 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 391. Title: Riverside Township, Burt County, Nebraska Passage: Riverside Township is one of twelve townships in Burt County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 80 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 76. Title: Hiruko the Goblin Passage: Hiruko the Goblin () is a 1991 Japanese horror film directed by Shinya Tsukamoto and starring Kenji Sawada. It is based on a manga by Daijiro Morohoshi. Title: Dolphin Township, Knox County, Nebraska Passage: Dolphin Township is one of thirty townships in Knox County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 171 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 164.	[ "Akinoshū Kenji", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Eckelson Township, Barnes County, North Dakota" ]
Who plays the creator of A Lane Near Arles in Doctor Who?	Tony Curran	[]	Title: Kho kho Passage: A Kho kho playing field is rectangular. It is 36 by 18 metres (118 ft × 59 ft) in length and width. There are two rectangles at the end. The dimensions of each rectangle is 16 m × 2.75 m (52.5 ft × 9.0 ft). In the middle of these two rectangles, there are two wooden poles. The central lane's dimensions are 2,350 cm × 30 cm (925 in × 12 in). There are eight cross lanes which lie across the central lane, whose dimensions are 1,600 cm × 30 cm (630 in × 12 in). It makes the small rectangles and each of them are 16 m × 2.3 m (52.5 ft × 7.5 ft) (the two rectangles of near by the wooden poles are 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) wide), at right angles to the central lane and divided equally into two parts of 7.85 m (25.8 ft) each by the central lane. At the end of the central lane, the free zone tangent to the post-line, two smooth wooden posts are fixed, 120 cm (47 in) high from the ground, and their circumference is no less than 30 cm (12 in) and no more than 40 cm (16 in). The equipment used in Kho kho are poles / post, strings, metallic measuring tape, lime powder, wire nails, two watches, types of rings having inner circumference of 30 cm (12 in) and 40 cm (16 in), score shots (like a whistle, for instance), and equipment to record the results. Title: Franklin, Oregon Passage: Franklin is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located near Veneta, and is approximately northwest of Eugene. Title: Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques Passage: The Musée de l'Arles antique or Musée départemental Arles antique or Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques is an archeological museum housed in a modern building designed and built in 1995 by the architect Henri Ciriani, at Arles in the Bouches-du-Rhône "département" of France. Title: ARL 44 Passage: On 26 October 1950 the type was reclassified as a tank destroyer, the "Chasseur de Chars de 48 tonnes". The ARL 44s equipped the "503e Régiment de Chars de Combat" stationed in Mourmelon-le-Grand and before the end of 1950 replaced seventeen Panther tanks used earlier by that unit. In service the ARL 44 was at first an unreliable vehicle: the brakes, the gear box, and the suspension were too frail, resulting in several serious accidents. A special improvement programme remedied most of these shortcomings. The ARL 44 made only one public appearance, ten vehicles participating in the Bastille Day parade on 14 July 1951. When the American M47 Patton became available, which type also had a 90 mm gun, they were phased out in 1953. In November 1953 it was proposed to either scrap them or use them in static positions to reinforce the border fortifications. On 20 December 1954, it was decided to scrap them. Some were used as targets. The rumour that most ARL 44s were exported to Argentina is unfounded. Title: Vincent and the Doctor Passage: Intrigued by an ominous figure in one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings, alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Provence has been plagued by an invisible monster, known as the Krafayis, which only Van Gogh can see. The Doctor and Amy work with Van Gogh to defeat the Krafayis, but in their attempt to have Van Gogh realise his legacy through bringing him to the future they ultimately realise that not all of time can be rewritten and there are some evils which are out of the Doctor's reach. Title: King George V Playing Fields, Totteridge Passage: King George V Playing Fields is an area of playing fields of approximately 14 acres in Totteridge in the London Borough of Barnet. It is located south east of the junction of Barnet Lane and Dollis Brook. Title: Langlois Bridge Passage: Langlois Bridge (French: "Pont de Langlois") was a drawbridge in Arles, France, which was the subject of several paintings by Vincent van Gogh in 1888. Being one of eleven drawbridges built by a Dutch engineer along the channel from Arles to Port-de-Bouc, this bridge might have reminded the artist of his homeland. Title: Xiamen bus fire Passage: On 7 June 2013, a mass murder-suicide attack occurred on a bus in Xiamen, Fujian province, China. A bus operating for the Xiamen BRT caught fire and exploded on an elevated lane near the Jinshan stop; 47 people died and 34 were injured. Title: A Lane near Arles Passage: A Lane Near Arles was painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1888, while he was living in Arles. It depicts a lane surrounded by trees running between the fields outside Arles, France. Title: Death and the Maiden (play) Passage: Paulina Salas is a former political prisoner in an unnamed Latin American country who had been raped by her captors, led by a sadistic doctor whose face she never saw. The rapist doctor played Schubert's composition Death and the Maiden during the act of rape; hence the play's title. Title: Joffrey Michel Passage: Joffrey Michel (born 4 March 1987 in Arles) is a French rugby union player. His position is fullback or wing and he currently plays for Montpellier in the Top 14. Title: La Mousmé Passage: La Mousmé also known as La Mousmé, Sitting in a Cane Chair, Half-Figure (with a branch of oleander) was painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1888 while living in Arles, which van Gogh dubbed "the Japan of the south". Retreating from the city, he hoped that his time in Arles would evoke in his work the simple, yet dramatic expression of Japanese art. Title: Pierre-Antoine Antonelle Passage: Pierre-Antoine Antonelle (17 July 1747 – 26 November 1817) was a French journalist, politician, president of the Jacobin Club and revolutionary. He was the first democratically elected mayor of Arles. Although he came from an aristocratic family, he was a strong supporter of the French Revolution, initially in the south of France, particularly Arles and Provence, and ultimately in Paris. Called the single most influential figure of the French Revolution in Arles, Antonelle was heavily involved in the reunion of the Comtat Venaissin with France and was one of the leading figures in Gracchus Babeuf's Conspiracy of the Equals. Title: Josef Jungmann Passage: Josef Jungmann (16 July 1773 in Hudlice, near Beroun – 14 November 1847 in Prague) was a Czech poet and linguist, and a leading figure of the Czech National Revival. Together with Josef Dobrovský, he is considered to be a creator of the modern Czech language. Title: Bedroom at Arles Passage: Bedroom at Arles is a 1992 oil and Magna on canvas painting by Roy Lichtenstein based on the "Bedroom in Arles" series of paintings by Vincent van Gogh. It is the only quotation of another painting that Lichtenstein did of an interior. It is located on the Fitzhugh Farm in Maryland in the Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection. Title: Kuranda Range road Passage: The Kuranda Range road is an informally named section of the Kennedy Highway in Queensland, Australia. The road traverses the Macalister Range near Cairns (). The section of road connects Smithfield, a suburb of Cairns in the Cairns Region with Kuranda, a town in the Shire of Mareeba on the Atherton Tableland, at an altitude of about . Traffic is primarily limited to one lane each way, with overtaking lanes at various points. The Kuranda Skyrail cableway crosses the road twice. Henry Ross Lookout is located near the road's highest point, at an altitude of , and is named after the foreman in charge of building the road to cross the range in 1939. Title: Mark Reber Passage: Mark Reber (born 14 January 1969) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for North Sydney Bears in the ARL and NRL, and Wigan Warriors in the Super League. Title: Interior of a Restaurant in Arles Passage: Interior of a Restaurant in Arles is a colored oil painting executed by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh on an industrially primed canvas of size 25 "(Toile de 25 figure)" in Arles, France, late August, 1888. Title: Landscape near Arles Passage: Landscape near Arles is an 1888 oil painting by French artist Paul Gauguin, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts a rural scene in Provence. Title: The Red Vineyard Passage: The Red Vineyards near Arles is an oil painting by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh, executed on a privately primed Toile de 30 piece of burlap in early November 1888. It depicts workers in a vineyard, and is believed to be the only painting van Gogh sold during his lifetime.	[ "A Lane near Arles", "Vincent and the Doctor" ]
To which jurisdiction does the flag of the country where Bahamas Maritime Authority is based apply?	Bahama Islands	[]	Title: Timoshenko Medal Passage: The Timoshenko Medal, widely regarded as the highest international award in the field of applied mechanics, was established in 1957 in honor of Stephen Timoshenko, world-renowned authority in the field. The Medal "commemorates his contributions as author and teacher." Title: List of United States Air Force installations Passage: Active - duty USAF bases in the United States are under the jurisdiction of the following Major Commands. There are 59 Active Bases across the country: Title: Star of David Passage: The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the ``flag of Zion ''. Title: Freemasonry Passage: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both). Title: Flag of the Bahamas Passage: The national flag of the Bahamas consists of a black triangle situated at the hoist with three horizontal bands: aquamarine, gold and aquamarine. Adopted in 1973 to replace the British Blue Ensign defaced with the emblem of the Crown Colony of the Bahama Islands, it has been the flag of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas since the country gained independence that year. The design of the present flag incorporated the elements of various submissions made in a national contest for a new flag prior to independence. Title: Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Passage: The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) is a polytechnic and applied sciences institute in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. NAIT provides careers programs in applied research, technical training, applied education, and learning designed to meet the demands of Alberta's technical and knowledge-based industries. NAIT offers approximately 120 credit programs leading to degrees, applied degrees, diplomas and certificates. As of 2018, there are approximately 16,000 students in credit programs 12,000 apprentices registered in apprenticeship training, 14,500 students enrolled in non-credit courses, and more than 20,000 registrants for customized corporate based training. NAIT also attracts international students from 94 countries. NAIT is similar to an Institute of technology or university of applied sciences as termed in other jurisdictions. The campus newspaper, the NAIT Nugget, is a member of the Canadian University Press (CUP). Title: Flag of the United States Passage: The name ``Grand Union ''was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the U.S. flag. Title: List of Caribbean islands by area Passage: Rank Island Area (km2) Area (sq mi) Country or Countries Cuba 105,806 40,852 Cuba Hispaniola 76,479 29,529 Haiti and Dominican Republic Jamaica 11,188 4320 Jamaica Puerto Rico 8,896 3435 Puerto Rico 5 Trinidad 4,827 1864 Trinidad and Tobago 6 North Andros Island 3,439 1328 Bahamas 7 Isla de la Juventud 2,237 864 Cuba 8 Great Inagua Island 1,543 596 Bahamas 9 South Andros Island 1,447 559 Bahamas 10 Grand Bahama Island 1,373 530 Bahamas 11 Great Abaco Island 1,144 442 Bahamas 12 Martinique 1,128 436 Martinique 13 Isla Margarita 1,020 394 Venezuela Title: Howard I. Chapelle Passage: Howard Irving Chapelle (February 1, 1901 – June 30, 1975) was an American naval architect, and curator of maritime history at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. In addition, he authored many books and articles on maritime history and marine architecture. Title: Flag of South Africa Passage: At the time of its adoption, the South African flag was the only national flag in the world to comprise six colours in its primary design and without a seal and brocade. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history. Individual colours, or colour combinations have different meanings for different people and therefore no universal symbolism should be attached to any of the colours. Title: Bahamas Maritime Authority Passage: The Bahamas Maritime Authority (BMA) is an authority that registers vessels in the Bahamas and enforces safety standards on Bahamian-registered craft. The authority has an office in the Shirlaw House in Nassau. It also has offices in the Bahamas House in New York City, in the Hutchinson House in Hong Kong, and in London. Title: Alfred Menezes Passage: Alfred Menezes is co-author of several books on cryptography, including the "Handbook of Applied Cryptography", and is a professor of mathematics at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Title: List of countries and territories with the Union Jack displayed on their flag Passage: This is a list of countries and territories with a flag that incorporates the Union Jack. Six Commonwealth nations have the Union Jack on their national flag. The first Commonwealth country to drop the Union Jack was Canada in 1965, after adopting a new national flag. The most recent country to drop the Union Jack from its flag was South Africa in 1994, after adopting a new national flag. The only overseas territory without the Union Jack on its current flag is Gibraltar. Title: Governor-General of the Bahamas Passage: Governor - General of the Bahamas Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Dame Marguerite Pindling since 8 July 2014 Style Her Excellency Residence Government House, The Bahamas Appointer Monarch of the Bahamas Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 31 July 1973 First holder Sir Milo Butler Website www.bahamas.gov.bs Title: Anny Duperey Passage: Anny Duperey (born Annie Legras; 28 June 1947 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France) is a French stage, film and television actress and best-selling author. She is a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. Title: Flag of Sint Maarten Passage: The flag of Sint Maarten is the national flag of Sint Maarten, a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands occupying the southern half of the island of Saint Martin. The flag, designed by 17 year old Roselle Richardson, was officially adopted on 13 June 1985. Title: Prime Minister of the Bahamas Passage: The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State). Title: Green Passage: Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. Some countries used green in their flags to represent their country's lush vegetation, as in the flag of Jamaica, and hope in the future, as in the flags of Portugal and Nigeria. The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance. Title: Flag of South Africa Passage: The flag of South Africa was adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928. The new national flag, designed by the then State Herald of South Africa Frederick Brownell, was chosen to represent the country's new democracy after the end of apartheid. Title: Brent Symonette Passage: Symonette served as Attorney General, Minister of Tourism and Chairman of the Airport Authority. As Chairman of the Hotel Corporation of the Bahamas, Symonette was instrumental in negotiations that resulted in bringing the Atlantis Hotel and affiliated resort properties to the Bahamas.	[ "Flag of the Bahamas", "Bahamas Maritime Authority" ]
Who is the sibling of the cast member of Little Annie Rooney?	Jack Pickford	[]	Title: Exit Smiling Passage: Exit Smiling is a 1926 comedy film directed by Sam Taylor and starring New York and London revues star Beatrice Lillie in her first (and only silent) film role and Jack Pickford, the brother of star Mary Pickford. The film was also the debut of actor Franklin Pangborn. This film is available on DVD from the Warner Archives Collection. Title: Annie (musical) Passage: Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip "Little Orphan Annie", with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical's songs "Tomorrow" and "It's the Hard Knock Life" are among its most popular musical numbers. Title: Slave Ship (1937 film) Passage: Slave Ship is a 1937 film directed by Tay Garnett and starring Warner Baxter and Wallace Beery. The supporting cast features Mickey Rooney, George Sanders, Jane Darwell, and Joseph Schildkraut. It is one of very few films out of the forty-eight that Beery made during the sound era for which he did not receive top billing. Title: Annie Mascarene Passage: Annie Mascarene (6 June 1902 - 19 July 1963) was an Indian freedom fighter and Member of Parliament from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Title: Annie (1982 film) Passage: Annie is a 1982 American musical film adapted from the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin, and Thomas Meehan, which in turn is based on Little Orphan Annie, the 1924 comic strip by Harold Gray. The film was directed by John Huston, scripted by Carol Sobieski, and stars Albert Finney, Carol Burnett, Ann Reinking, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Holder, Edward Herrmann, and Aileen Quinn in her film debut. Set during the Great Depression, the film tells the story of Annie, an orphan from New York City who is taken in by America's richest billionaire Oliver Warbucks. Filming took place for six weeks at Monmouth University in New Jersey. Title: Liv and Maddie Passage: Dove Cameron as Liv and Maddie Rooney Joey Bragg as Joey Rooney Tenzing Norgay Trainor as Parker Rooney Kali Rocha as Karen Rooney Benjamin King as Pete Rooney (seasons 1 -- 3) Lauren Lindsey Donzis as Ruby (season 4) Title: List of Liv and Maddie characters Passage: Digbert ``Diggie ''Smalls (Ryan McCartan) is Maddie's main love interest. He is the captain of the boys' basketball team of Ridgewood High and is perceived as confident and strong. Diggie affectionately calls Maddie simply as`` Rooney'', though in ``Twin - a-Rooney '', he calls her`` Rooney classic'' to distinguish her from Liv. In ``Move - a-Rooney '', Diggie finally expresses his feelings toward Maddie after she tells him they are moving. Diggie is also seen as a mentor for Joey when it comes to anything related to being`` cool''. Diggie was also the manager of the local frozen yogurt shop. In the second season, he left Wisconsin to go to the nation of ``Tundrabania ''after Maddie injured her knee. In`` Gift - a-Rooney'', he makes his first physical appearance since the first season for his and Maddie's ``meet - a-versary '', courtesy of Liv. In`` Flugelball - a-Rooney'', he returns from Tundrabania only to break up with Maddie after he thinks she does not support his decision to go to Australia. It is revealed that he still has feelings for Maddie in ``Video - a-Rooney ''. Title: Danny Tamberelli Passage: Daniel Paul ``Danny ''Tamberelli (born February 8, 1982) is an American actor, comedian and musician. He is best known for his roles as Arnold Perlstein in The Magic School Bus, one of the cast members for Nickelodeon's All That from seasons four through six, Little Pete in The Adventures of Pete and Pete and Jimmy De Santa in Grand Theft Auto V. Title: Ella Little-Collins Passage: Ella Little-Collins (1914 – 1996) was an American civil rights activist and the half-sister of Malcolm X. She was born in Butler, Georgia, to Earl Little and Daisy Mason-Little; her paternal grandparents were John (Big Pa) Lee Little and Ella Gray-Little, and her siblings, including half-siblings, were Mary, Earl Lee Jr., Wilfred, Philbert, Hilda, Reginald, Malcolm, Wesley, and Evonne. She worked as congressman Adam Clayton Powell's secretary, the manager of her mother's grocery store, and an investor in house property, which she let out as rooming houses. She joined the Nation of Islam in the mid-1950s and helped establish its mosque in Boston and a day-care center attached to it, although she left the Nation in 1959 to become a Sunni Muslim. She supported black and ethnic studies programs in universities across the United States and founded the Sarah A. Little School of Preparatory Arts in Boston. Title: Siti Akbari Passage: The black-and-white talkie featured vocals by the actresses Annie Landouw and Titing, with the "keroncong" group Lief Java providing background music. Several further cast members, including the stars Mochtar, Roekiah, and her husband Kartolo, had migrated to Tan's after the success of Albert Balink's "Terang Boelan" (1937); the earlier film's formula of beautiful scenery, music, and action, which Tan's had already utilised in 1938's "Fatima", was present in "Siti Akbari" as well. Title: Lord Augustus FitzClarence Passage: Lord Augustus FitzClarence (1 March 1805 – 14 June 1854), was the youngest illegitimate son of William IV of the United Kingdom and his long-time mistress Dorothea Jordan. Like his siblings, he had little contact with his mother after his parents separated in 1811. Title: Jenny from the Block Passage: ``Jenny from the Block ''is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez, which features American rappers Jadakiss and Styles P; both members of The LOX. It was released by Epic Records on September 26, 2002, as the lead single from her third studio album This Is Me... Then (2002). The song, first leaked online, was written by Lopez, Troy Oliver, Mr. Deyo, Samuel Barnes, Jean - Claude Olivier and Cory Rooney. Rooney and Oliver, along with Poke & Tone of Trackmasters, produced the song. Title: Charlotte Ritchie Passage: Charlotte Ritchie (born 29 August 1989) is a British actress and singer - songwriter. She is a member of the classical crossover band All Angels. She has been a main cast member in Channel 4's Fresh Meat and the BBC's Siblings. From January 2015 she joined the cast of the BBC's Call the Midwife, playing Barbara Gilbert. Title: Ashley Johnson Passage: Ashley Suzanne Johnson (born August 9, 1983) is an American actress, voice actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Chrissy Seaver in Growing Pains, Ellie in The Last of Us, Annie Warbucks in Annie: A Royal Adventure!, Alex Marshall in What Women Want, Terra in Teen Titans and its spin - off Teen Titans Go! and Gretchen Priscilla Grundler in Disney's Recess. She currently stars in the NBC drama Blindspot as FBI forensic specialist Patterson, and is a recurring cast member of Geek and Sundry's show Critical Role. Title: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World Passage: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a 1963 American epic comedy film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer and starring Spencer Tracy with an all-star cast, about the madcap pursuit of $350,000 in stolen cash by a diverse and colorful group of strangers. The ensemble comedy premiered on November 7, 1963. The cast features Edie Adams, Milton Berle, Sid Caesar, Buddy Hackett, Ethel Merman, Mickey Rooney, Phil Silvers, Terry-Thomas, and Jonathan Winters. Title: Why (Annie Lennox song) Passage: ``Why ''Single by Annie Lennox from the album Diva B - side`` Primitive'' Released March 28, 1992 Format 7 ''CD Maxi - Single Recorded July 1991 Genre Soul pop adult contemporary Length 4: 53 Label BMG Arista Songwriter (s) Annie Lennox Producer (s) Stephen Lipson Annie Lennox singles chronology ``Put a Little Love in Your Heart'' (1988)`` Why ''(1992) ``Precious'' (1992)`` Put a Little Love in Your Heart ''(1988) ``Why'' (1992)`` Precious ''(1992) Title: Mulan II Passage: Mulan II is a 2004 American direct - to - video Disney animated film directed by Darrell Rooney and Lynne Southerland and is a sequel to the 1998 animated film Mulan (originally released in theaters). The entire cast from the first film returned, except for Eddie Murphy (Mushu), Miriam Margolyes (The Matchmaker), Chris Sanders (Little Brother) and Matthew Wilder (Ling's singing voice). Murphy and Margolyes were replaced by Mark Moseley and April Winchell, respectively; Little Brother was voiced by Frank Welker, and Gedde Watanabe does his own singing for the sequel. Mulan II features Mulan and her new fiancé, General Li Shang on a special mission: escorting the Emperor's three daughters across the country to meet their soon - to - be fiancés. The film deals with arranged marriages, loyalty, relationships, making choices, trust, and finding true love. Unlike its predecessor, which gained critical acclaim, Mulan II was poorly received by critics. Title: A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed Passage: A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed is a 1958 American comedy film directed by Henry Levin and written by Sydney Boehm. The film stars Tom Ewell, Mickey Rooney, Mickey Shaughnessy, Dina Merrill, Madge Kennedy and Frances Bavier. The film was released on December 1, 1958, by 20th Century Fox. Title: Little Annie Rooney (1925 film) Passage: Little Annie Rooney is a 1925 American silent comedy-drama film starring Mary Pickford and directed by William Beaudine. Pickford, one of the most successful actresses of the silent era, was best known throughout her career for her iconic portrayals of penniless young girls. After generating only modest box office revenue playing adults in her previous two films, Pickford wrote and produced "Little Annie Rooney" to cater to silent film audiences. Though she was 33 years old, Pickford played the title role, an Irish girl living in the slums of New York City. Title: Road to Perdition Passage: In 1931, during the Great Depression, Michael Sullivan, Sr. is an enforcer for Irish mob boss John Rooney in Rock Island, Illinois. Rooney raised the orphan Sullivan and loves him more than his own biological son, Connor. Rooney sends Connor and Sullivan to meet with disgruntled associate Finn McGovern, but Connor shoots McGovern, resulting in Sullivan gunning down McGovern's men. Sullivan's twelve - year - old son Michael, Jr. had hidden in his father's car and witnesses the event. Despite Sullivan swearing his son to secrecy and Rooney pressuring Connor to apologize for the reckless action, Connor murders Sullivan's wife Annie and younger son Peter. At the same time, he sends Sullivan to an ambush at a speakeasy. Sullivan realizes it's a set - up, kills two men at the bar, and escapes. He goes to Chicago with his son to seek Al Capone, for work and to discover the location of Connor, who has gone into hiding.	[ "Exit Smiling", "Little Annie Rooney (1925 film)" ]

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