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What kind of plane dropped the bomb on the first Japanese city nuked by the United States?	Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber	[ "Boeing" ]	Title: Oklahoma City bombing Passage: The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history. Title: Enola Gay Passage: The Enola Gay (/ ɪˈnoʊlə ˈɡeɪ /) is a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code - named ``Little Boy '', was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused unprecedented destruction. Enola Gay participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history. Title: Surrender of Japan Passage: On August 6, 1945, at 8: 15 AM local time, the United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Sixteen hours later, American President Harry S. Truman called again for Japan's surrender, warning them to ``expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth. ''Late in the evening of August 8, 1945, in accordance with the Yalta agreements, but in violation of the Soviet -- Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Later in the day, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Following these events, Emperor Hirohito intervened and ordered the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War to accept the terms the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration for ending the war. After several more days of behind - the - scenes negotiations and a failed coup d'état, Emperor Hirohito gave a recorded radio address across the Empire on August 15. In the radio address, called the Jewel Voice Broadcast (玉音放送, Gyokuon - hōsō), he announced the surrender of Japan to the Allies. Title: TNT equivalent Passage: 6998150000000000000 ♠ 1.5 × 10 -- 6998200000000000000 ♠ 2 × 10 17.4 -- 23.2 GWh The Little Boy atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, exploded with an energy of about 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ), and the Fat Man atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, exploded with an energy of about 20 kilotons of TNT (84 TJ). The modern nuclear weapons in the United States arsenal range in yield from 0.3 kt (1.3 TJ) to 1.2 Mt (5.0 PJ) equivalent, for the B83 strategic bomb. Title: Nuclear arms race Passage: Behind the scenes, the Soviet government was working on building its own atomic weapons. During the war, Soviet efforts had been limited by a lack of uranium but new supplies in Eastern Europe were found and provided a steady supply while the Soviets developed a domestic source. While American experts had predicted that the Soviet Union would not have nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, the first Soviet bomb was detonated on August 29, 1949, shocking the entire world. The bomb, named ``First Lightning ''by the West, was more or less a copy of`` Fat Man'', one of the bombs the United States had dropped on Japan in 1945. Title: Oklahoma City bombing Passage: The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing happened at 9: 02am and killed at least 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. Until the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the country's history. Title: The Blitz Passage: Not all of the Luftwaffe's effort was made against inland cities. Port cities were also attacked to try to disrupt trade and sea communications. In January Swansea was bombed four times, very heavily. On 17 January around 100 bombers dropped a high concentration of incendiaries, some 32,000 in all. The main damage was inflicted on the commercial and domestic areas. Four days later 230 tons was dropped including 60,000 incendiaries. In Portsmouth Southsea and Gosport waves of 150 bombers destroyed vast swaths of the city with 40,000 incendiaries. Warehouses, rail lines and houses were destroyed and damaged, but the docks were largely untouched. Title: Pacific War Passage: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō. Title: The Blitz Passage: Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In November 1940, 6,000 sorties and 23 major attacks (more than 100 tons of bombs dropped) were flown. Two heavy (50 short tons (45 t) of bombs) attacks were also flown. In December, only 11 major and five heavy attacks were made. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the city. During the bombing raid, private Radoje Ljutovac fired his cannon at the enemy aircraft and successfully shot one down. It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries. The cannon Ljutovac used was not designed as an anti-aircraft gun, it was a slightly modified Turkish cannon captured during the First Balkan War in 1912. This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire. Title: Crime in New York City Passage: Violent crime in New York City has been dropping since the mid-1990s and, as of 2017, is among the lowest of major cities in the United States. In 2017, there were 290 homicides, the lowest number since the 1940s.	[ "Pacific War", "Enola Gay" ]
How many times did Albert Ferrer's team with Premier League?	5	[]	Title: Albert Ferrer Passage: Having represented local Barcelona for almost a decade, he went on to appear for England's Chelsea until his retirement. During his spell in his country he was nicknamed "Chapi", and appeared in a total of 221 La Liga matches during nine seasons. Title: List of Premier League seasons Passage: Six clubs have won the title: Manchester United (13 times), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (2), Blackburn Rovers and Leicester City; Manchester United was the first club to win the league three consecutive seasons in a row twice (1998 -- 99 to 2000 -- 01 & 2006 -- 07 to 2008 -- 09) and Arsenal was the only team to go an entire season without a single defeat in 2003 -- 04. The record number of points accumulated by a team is 95 by Chelsea, who won the Premier League in 2004 -- 05. Crystal Palace, Norwich and Sunderland have been relegated the most times (4) while Derby County accumulated the lowest ever points total with 11 in the 2007 -- 08 season. 16 top goalscorers from 11 different clubs have been awarded the Premier League Golden Boot. Andy Cole and Alan Shearer scored 34 goals in a 42 - game season -- the most in a Premier League season, while Alan Shearer, Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez jointly hold the record in a 38 - game season with 31. Dutchman Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink was the first foreigner to win the award outright in 2000 -- 01 having shared the accolade with Dwight Yorke of Trinidad and Tobago in 1998 -- 99. Title: Israel Passage: The most popular spectator sports in Israel are association football and basketball. The Israeli Premier League is the country's premier football league, and the Israeli Basketball Super League is the premier basketball league. Maccabi Haifa, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Beitar Jerusalem are the largest sports clubs. Maccabi Tel Aviv, Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Tel Aviv have competed in the UEFA Champions League and Hapoel Tel Aviv reached the UEFA Cup quarter-finals. Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C. has won the European championship in basketball six times.	[ "List of Premier League seasons", "Albert Ferrer" ]
When did the military branch in which Henry Howard served start using the SA80?	1987	[]	Title: SA80 Passage: The SA80 is a British family of 5.56 × 45mm NATO small arms, all of which are selective fire, gas - operated assault rifle s. The L85 rifle variant of the SA80 family has been the standard issue service rifle of the British Armed Forces since 1987, replacing the L1A1 variant of the FN FAL. The first prototypes were created in 1976, with production ending in 1994. The A1 variant was significantly upgraded in the early 2000s by Heckler & Koch as the SA80A2 and remains in service as of 2017. In mid-2016 a prototype A3 variant was showcased which further improved on the weapon and is reportedly being considered to extend the out of service date beyond 2025. Title: Henry Howard, 13th Earl of Suffolk Passage: Henry Howard, 13th Earl of Suffolk, 6th Earl of Berkshire (8 August 1779 – 10 August 1779) was a British peer, the son of Henry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk. Title: Henry Howard (British Army officer) Passage: Lieutenant Colonel Henry Howard DSO MC (25 February 1915 – 6 May 2000) was a British Army officer who was twice awarded the Military Cross for gallantry and was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order for leadership whilst commanding the 1st Battalion The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (the 43rd) in the North-West Europe campaign during the Second World War. He later became Laird of the Hebridean island of Gometra.	[ "Henry Howard (British Army officer)", "SA80" ]
Which Confederate general failed to capture the Union fort at the city where Bonnie Hollingsworth died?	James Longstreet	[]	Title: Fort Sumter Passage: The First Battle of Fort Sumter began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery fired on the Union garrison. These were the first shots of the war and continued all day, watched by many civilians in a celebratory spirit. The fort had been cut off from its supply line and surrendered the next day. The Second Battle of Fort Sumter (September 8, 1863) was a failed attempt by the Union to retake the fort, dogged by a rivalry between army and navy commanders. Although the fort was reduced to rubble, it remained in Confederate hands until it was evacuated as General Sherman marched through South Carolina in February 1865. Title: USS J. W. Wilder (1859) Passage: USS "J. W. Wilder" (1859) was a schooner captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a tender in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways. Title: Richmond, Virginia Passage: President Abraham Lincoln visited General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, and took a launch to Richmond the next day, while Jefferson Davis attempted to organize his Confederate government at Danville. Lincoln met Confederate assistant secretary of War John A. Campbell, and handed him a note inviting Virginia's legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the Confederate state legislature from meeting. Union forces killed, wounded or captured 8000 Confederate troops at Saylor's Creek southwest of Petersburg on April 6. General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender suggestion until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry appeared in front of his retreating army on April 8. He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning. Jefferson Davis retreated to North Carolina, then further south. when Lincoln rejected the surrender terms negotiated by general Sherman and envoys of North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance, which failed to mention slavery. Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail. Title: USS Bermuda Passage: USS "Bermuda" (1861) was a large steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a cargo and general transport ship in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways, primarily in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. However, despite being a valuable cargo ship, she proved very adept at capturing blockade runners as her record proves. Title: Cecil Clay Passage: Cecil Clay (February 13, 1842 – September 23, 1903) was captain of Company K in the 58th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He performed gallantly while wounded, earning the Medal of Honor for his actions during the assault and capture of Fort Harrison, Virginia in the Confederate defenses of Richmond, Virginia on September 29, 1864. He was later chief clerk of the United States Department of Justice. Title: Virginia in the American Civil War Passage: The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.) Title: Confederate States of America Passage: The government of the United States (the Union) rejected the claims of secession and considered the Confederacy illegally founded. The War began with the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. No foreign government officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country, although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status, which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies. In early 1865, after four years of heavy fighting which led to 620,000–850,000 military deaths, all the Confederate forces surrendered and the Confederacy vanished. The war lacked a formal end; nearly all Confederate forces had been forced into surrender or deliberately disbanded by the end of 1865, by which point the dwindling manpower and resources of the Confederacy were facing overwhelming odds. By 1865 Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the civil war, lamented that the Confederacy had "disappeared". Title: Benjamin Franklin Gordon Passage: Benjamin Franklin Gordon (May 18, 1826 – September 22, 1866) was a Confederate States Army colonel during the American Civil War (Civil War). Gordon had been a private and bugler for a Missouri regiment serving in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War. Gordon served in the Confederate Army under Brigadier General Joseph O. "Jo" Shelby in Missouri and Arkansas in the Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department throughout the war. On May 16, 1865, with the war coming to an end, General E. Kirby Smith, as the Confederate commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department, assigned Gordon to duty as a brigadier general. The Confederate government took no action on the appointment and Confederate President Jefferson Davis did not officially appoint and nominate Gordon to the rank of brigadier general because the Confederate Senate last met on March 18, 1865, and Davis was captured by Union troops on May 10, 1865. Although he was only aged 40 at his death, Gordon survived the war by little more than a year. Title: Tennessee Passage: Confederates held East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. The Confederates, led by General James Longstreet, did attack General Burnside's Fort Sanders at Knoxville and lost. It was a big blow to East Tennessee Confederate momentum, but Longstreet won the Battle of Bean's Station a few weeks later. The Confederates besieged Chattanooga during the Chattanooga Campaign in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Perryville, Kentucky to another Confederate defeat at Chattanooga. Title: Fort Logan National Cemetery Passage: Fort Logan National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. Fort Logan was named after Union General John A. Logan, commander of US Volunteer forces during the American Civil War. It contains and has over 122,000 interments as of 2014. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. Title: American Civil War Passage: American Civil War Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg, Union Captain John Tidball's artillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin Date April 12, 1861 -- May 9, 1865 (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days) Location Southern United States, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean Result Union victory: Dissolution of the Confederate States U.S. territorial integrity preserved Slavery abolished Beginning of the Reconstruction Era Belligerents United States Confederate States Commanders and leaders Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman David Farragut George B. McClellan Henry Halleck George Meade and others... Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee J.E. Johnston G.T. Beauregard A.S. Johnston † Braxton Bragg and others... Strength 2,200,000: Union Army Union Marines Union Navy Revenue Service 698,000 (peak) 750,000 -- 1,000,000: Confederate Army Confederate Marines Confederate Navy 360,000 (peak) Casualties and losses 110,000 + killed in action / died of wounds 230,000 + accident / disease deaths 25,000 -- 30,000 died in Confederate prisons 365,000 + total dead 282,000 + wounded 181,193 captured Total: 828,000 + casualties 94,000 + killed in action / died of wounds 26,000 -- 31,000 died in Union prisons 290,000 + total dead 137,000 + wounded 436,658 captured Total: 864,000 + casualties 50,000 free civilians dead 80,000 + slaves dead Total: 785,000 -- 1,000,000 + dead Title: Bonnie Hollingsworth Passage: John Burnette Hollingsworth (December 26, 1895 in Jacksboro, Tennessee – January 4, 1990 in Knoxville, Tennessee) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1922 to 1928.	[ "Bonnie Hollingsworth", "Tennessee" ]
When was the first attempt of a coup in Patrick Apataki's birthplace?	28 March 2004	[]	Title: Dương Văn Đức Passage: Lieutenant General Dương Văn Đức (1927–1983) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He is best known for leading a coup attempt against General Nguyễn Khánh on 14 September 1964. He was a supporter of the Đại Việt Quốc Dân Đảng (DVQDD, Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam), a Roman Catholic political movement. Title: Joseph Kabila Passage: On 28 March 2004, an apparent coup attempt or mutiny around the capital Kinshasa, allegedly by members of the former guard of former president Mobutu Sese Seko (who had been ousted by Kabila's father in 1997 and died in the same year), failed. On 11 June 2004, coup plotters led by Major Eric Lenge allegedly attempted to take power and announced on state radio that the transitional government was suspended, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Title: Patrick Apataki Passage: Patrick Kifu Apataki (born 14 May 1979 in Kinshasa) is a DR Congo football, who currently plays for F.C. Cape Town.	[ "Joseph Kabila", "Patrick Apataki" ]
What is the capital of the city where Jahangir Khan was born?	West Pakistan	[]	Title: Qasim Khan Passage: Qasím Khan (or "Qasim of Kasimov") (died 1469) was the first khan of the Tatar Qasim Khanate, from 1452 to his death in 1469. He was the son of Kazan khan Oluğ Möxämmäd. Title: Yuan dynasty Passage: The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Million, known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo), appeared about the year 1299. Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts due to the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China, tea houses, which would have been a prominent sight since Europeans had yet to adopt a tea culture, as well the practice of foot binding by the women in capital of the Great Khan. Some suggest that Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge through contact with Persian traders since many of the places he named were in Persian. Title: Hotula Khan Passage: Hotula Khan was a Khan of Khamag Mongol and the son of Khabul Khan, and thus great-uncle of the Genghis Khan. He died fighting the Tatars. No Mongol emerged as khan after him until Genghis Khan. His nephew Yesugei only supervised the Khamag Mongols until his death in 1171. Title: Jahangir Khan Passage: Jahangir Khan, (Pashto / ; born 10 December 1963 in Karachi, Pakistan) sometimes spelled "Jehangir Khan", is a former World No. 1 professional squash player from Pakistan, who is the greatest player in the history of squash. Jahangir Khan was born into a Pashtun family originally from Neway Kelay Payan, Peshawar. During his career he won the World Open six times and the British Open a record ten times. From 1981 to 1986, he was unbeaten in competitive play. During that time he won 555 matches consecutively, the longest winning streak by any athlete in top-level professional sports as recorded by Guinness World Records. He retired as a player in 1993, and has served as President of the World Squash Federation from 2002 to 2008, when he became Emeritus President. Title: East India Company Passage: In 1612, James I instructed Sir Thomas Roe to visit the Mughal Emperor Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (r. 1605 -- 1627) to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and establish factories in Surat and other areas. In return, the company offered to provide the Emperor with goods and rarities from the European market. This mission was highly successful, and Jahangir sent a letter to James through Sir Thomas Roe: Title: Mughal Empire Passage: Jahangir (born Salim, reigned 1605 -- 1627) was born to Akbar and his wife Mariam - uz - Zamani, an Indian Rajput princess. Jahangir ruled the empire at its peak, but he was addicted to opium, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court cliques. Shah Jahan (reigned 1628 -- 1658) was born to Jahangir and his wife Jagat Gosaini, a Rajput princess. During the reign of Shah Jahan, the culture and splendour of the luxurious Mughal court reached its zenith as exemplified by the Taj Mahal. The maintenance of the court, at this time, began to cost more than the revenue. Title: Khan Shaykhun chemical attack Passage: The Khan Shaykhun chemical attack took place on 4 April 2017 on the town of Khan Shaykhun in the Idlib Governorate of Syria. At the time of the attack, the town was under the control of Tahrir al - Sham, previously known as the al - Nusra Front. Title: Bam 6.6 Passage: Bam 6.6 is a documentary about the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran. The film, subtitled "Humanity has no Borders", was produced and directed by Jahangir Golestanparast. Title: Jani Beg Passage: Jani Beg (died 1357) also called Djanibek Khan was a Khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Öz Beg Khan. Title: East India Company Passage: In 1612, James I instructed Sir Thomas Roe to visit the Mughal Emperor Nur - ud - din Salim Jahangir (r. 1605 -- 1627) to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and establish factories in Surat and other areas. In return, the company offered to provide the Emperor with goods and rarities from the European market. This mission was highly successful, and Jahangir sent a letter to James through Sir Thomas Roe: Title: Khokhra Par, Karachi Passage: Khokhrapar () is located inside Malir Town Karachi, Sindh, origin of the name "Khokhra par" goes back to the days when Mohajirs (immigrants) from partition time came to this place, most of them crossed the border of India to newly founded country of Pakistan from Khokhra Par, Sindh and found this area significantly resembling with original Khokhra Par because its dry and desert like surroundings were quite similar in nature to what they earlier came across during their exodus, therefore they ended up naming it the same, latter it was attempted to officially renamed as "Azam Colony" in honor of then Governor of West Pakistan Lieutenant General Muhammad Azam Khan (1908–1994) by the Government but the earlier name "Khokhra Par" remained more prominent and popular. Title: Nasiba Zeynalova Passage: Nasiba Jahangir gizi Zeynalova (; 20 April 1916, Baku – 10 March 2004, Baku) was an Azerbaijani actress and People's Artist of Azerbaijan. She was famous mostly for her comedy roles.	[ "Jahangir Khan", "Khokhra Par, Karachi" ]
Where was the director of Kiss born?	Pittsburgh	[]	Title: Slave of Kiss Passage: Slave of Kiss is the first EP released by Nana Kitade. "Kiss" is a cover of a Princess Princess song of the same name. A month later, the song was placed on the Princess Princess tribute album, "14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~" as track #2. The EP includes an English version of Kitade's fifth single, "Kiss or Kiss". The A-side of this EP track #4 "sweet frozen kiss" is featured on her second album "I scream" . The EP reached #79 on the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for a total of one week. At this point of her career, Kitade drastically changed her clothing to Gothic Lolita for the "Kiss" video. Title: Window Water Baby Moving Passage: Window Water Baby Moving is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, filmed in November 1958 and released in 1959. The film documents the birth of the director's first child, Myrrena, by his then-wife Jane Brakhage, now Jane Wodening. Title: Peter Fliesteden Passage: Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date. Title: Let Me Rock You Passage: Let Me Rock You is the third solo studio album released by American musician and former Kiss drummer Peter Criss. Due to poor sales for his previous album, "Out of Control", "Let Me Rock You" was not released in the United States until 1998, when it was reissued on CD. The album was produced by Vini Poncia, who previously produced Criss's 1978 solo album (officially released as a Kiss album). "Let Me Rock You" features the song "Feels Like Heaven", written by Criss's former bandmate, Gene Simmons. Vinnie Cusano also co-wrote a song for the album; at the same year the album was released, Cusano became known as Vinnie Vincent when he replaced Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley. The album cover features Peter Criss for the first time without his Kiss makeup, as he did not appear on the cover of his solo album "Out of Control". One year later, Kiss also decided to take off their makeup for their "Lick It Up" album. Title: Mid-twentieth century baby boom Passage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began. Title: Kiss (1963 film) Passage: Kiss is a 1963 silent American experimental film directed by Andy Warhol, which runs 50 minutes and features various couples—man and woman, woman and woman, man and man—kissing for 3½ minutes each. The film features Naomi Levine, Gerard Malanga, Rufus Collins, Johnny Dodd, and Ed Sanders. Title: Andy Warhol Bridge Passage: The bridge was renamed for Warhol on March 18, 2005, as part of the tenth anniversary celebration for the Andy Warhol Museum. The museum is nearby at 117 Sandusky Street, a street which leads to the bridge from the north side of the river on Pittsburgh's North Shore. Title: Killer (Kiss song) Passage: "Killer" is a song by the American hard rock band Kiss. Featured on their 1982 album, "Creatures of the Night", the song was released as an A-side single in the United Kingdom. Although "I Love It Loud" was an A-side single in the United States, it would be relegated to the B-side in the UK. It was the first song Vinnie Vincent and Gene Simmons wrote together after the two had met. In addition to not being able to chart at all, Kiss has never performed the song live and it has only been released as a single and on all issues of the "Creatures of the Night" album (the song was switched places with "Saint and Sinner" on the 1985 reissue). Title: Kiss Me (Sixpence None the Richer song) Passage: ``Kiss Me ''Single by Sixpence None the Richer from the album Sixpence None the Richer Released August 11, 1998 Format CD single Recorded Length 3: 19 (single version) 3: 30 (album version) Label Squint, Columbia Songwriter (s) Matt Slocum Producer (s) Steve Taylor Sixpence None the Richer singles chronology`` Angeltread'' (1995) ``Kiss Me ''(1998)`` There She Goes'' (1999) ``Angeltread ''(1995)`` Kiss Me'' (1998) ``There She Goes ''(1999) Alternative covers U.S. commercial single Title: Kiss Symphony: The DVD Passage: KISS Symphony: The DVD is a DVD by American Hard Rock band KISS. The DVD features footage from the Australian tour, and the audio had been released for the live album "". Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year. Title: We Are One (Kiss song) Passage: "We Are One" is a song by the American hard rock group Kiss released on their 1998 album "Psycho Circus".	[ "Andy Warhol Bridge", "Kiss (1963 film)" ]
When was the country of citizenship of Rafael Ramos declared a U.S. territory?	1898	[]	Title: Orange flower water Passage: This essential water has traditionally been used as an aromatizer in many Mediterranean traditional dessert dishes, such as in France for the gibassier and pompe à l'huile or in Spain for the Roscón de Reyes (King cake), or the Samsa in Tunisia or in Moroccan coffee, but has more recently found its way into other cuisines. For example, orange flower water is used in Europe to flavor madeleines, in Mexico to flavor little wedding cakes and Pan de muerto, and in the United States to make orange blossom scones and marshmallows. Orange flower water is also used as an ingredient in some cocktails, such as the Ramos Gin Fizz. In Malta and many North African as well as Middle Eastern countries, orange blossom water is widely used as medicine for stomach ache and given to small children as well as adults. Title: Fort Wingate Passage: Fort Wingate is near Gallup, New Mexico. There were two other locations in New Mexico which were called Fort Wingate: Seboyeta, New Mexico (1849-1862) and San Rafael, New Mexico (1862-1868). The most recent Fort Wingate (1868-1993) was established at the former site of Fort Lyon, on Navajo territory, initially to control and "protect" the large Navajo tribe to its north. The Fort at San Rafael was the staging point for the Navajo deportation known as the Navajo's Long Walk. From 1870 onward the garrison near Gallup was concerned with Apaches to the south, and through 1890 hundreds of Navajo Scouts were enlisted at the fort. Title: Pixote Passage: It is the chilling, documentary-like account of Brazil's delinquent youth and how they are used by corrupt police and other crime organizations to commit crimes. The film features Fernando Ramos da Silva (who was killed at the age of 19 by Brazilian police in São Paulo) as Pixote and Marília Pêra as Sueli. The plot revolves around Pixote, a young boy who is used as a child criminal in muggings and drug transport. Title: Errol Nolan Passage: Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres. Title: Rafael Ramos (boxer) Passage: Rafael "Fito" Ramos (born January 1, 1965) is a retired boxer from Puerto Rico. He competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and twice won a medal (gold and bronze) at the Pan American Games during his career. Title: History of Puerto Rico Passage: In 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly. Title: Declaration of war by the United States Passage: The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war. Title: 999 (emergency telephone number) Passage: Countries and territories using 999 include Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Ghana, Hong Kong, Kenya, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Qatar, Ireland, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe. Title: List of island countries Passage: This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands. Title: 51st state Passage: Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999. Title: Rafael Cabral Passage: Rafael Cabral Barbosa (born 20 May 1990), known as Rafael Cabral or simply Rafael, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Sampdoria. Title: Ibor Bakar Passage: Ibor Bakar (born 26 October 1986) is a Comorian football midfielder, who plays for French fourth division side US Marignane. He also holds French citizenship.	[ "Rafael Ramos (boxer)", "History of Puerto Rico" ]
What subject was studied in the city where the House of Wisdom was held?	Islamic mathematics	[ "Islam" ]	Title: History of mathematics Passage: Babylonian mathematics refers to any mathematics of the peoples of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the days of the early Sumerians through the Hellenistic period almost to the dawn of Christianity. The majority of Babylonian mathematical work comes from two widely separated periods: The first few hundred years of the second millennium BC (Old Babylonian period), and the last few centuries of the first millennium BC (Seleucid period). It is named Babylonian mathematics due to the central role of Babylon as a place of study. Later under the Arab Empire, Mesopotamia, especially Baghdad, once again became an important center of study for Islamic mathematics. Title: Muslim world Passage: The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula. During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786 to 809), the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations. Title: Wisdom of the Ages Passage: Wisdom of the Ages is a panel show aired on the DuMont Television Network from December 16, 1952, to June 30, 1953. The show combined the ideas of "Juvenile Jury" and "Life Begins at Eighty", with a combined panel of youth and the elderly. "Wisdom of the Ages" aired Tuesdays at 9:30pm ET, and replaced "Quick on the Draw" which ended December 9, 1952.	[ "History of mathematics", "Muslim world" ]
Who sang Up Where We Belong with the performer of Live at Woodstock?	Jennifer Warnes	[]	Title: Up Where We Belong Passage: ``Up Where We Belong ''is a song written by Jack Nitzsche, Buffy Sainte - Marie and Will Jennings that was recorded by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes for the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman. It reached record stores in July of that year to coincide with the release of the film. The song is about the belief that love can withstand the struggles of a relationship and make it stronger. Title: I'm All Right Passage: "I'm All Right" is the opening track of "Half the Perfect World", Madeleine Peyroux's third solo album. The song was composed by Walter Becker, Larry Klein and Madeleine Peyroux. It was released as a single and Peyroux sang it in her "Live from Abbey Road" episode. When she was awarded with BBC Best International Jazz Artist in 2007, this was the chosen song for the CD with the winning performers. Title: Live at Woodstock (Joe Cocker album) Passage: Live at Woodstock is a live album documenting Joe Cocker's famous performance with The Grease Band at Woodstock Festival on 17 August 1969. It was released officially for the first time in 2009 by A&M/Universal.	[ "Up Where We Belong", "Live at Woodstock (Joe Cocker album)" ]
What water body contains or is next to Trinh T. Minh-ha's birth city?	Red River	[]	Title: Nhật Tân Bridge Passage: The Nhật Tân Bridge (or "Vietnam–Japan Friendship Bridge") is a cable-stayed bridge crossing the Red River in Hanoi, inaugurated on January 4, 2015. It forms part of a new six-lane highway linking Hanoi and Noi Bai International Airport. The project is funded by a Japan International Cooperation Agency ODA loan. Title: Lake District Passage: It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere. Title: Ruovesi Passage: It is located in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Title: San Juan, Puerto Rico Passage: San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José. Title: Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology Passage: Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology ("abbreviation": HUFLIT) is a university located at 155 Su Van Hanh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Date of foundation: October 26, 1994, according to Decision No. 616/Ttg by the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. HUFLIT is the first private University in Ho Chi Minh City and South Vietnam on the basis of former Saigon Foreign Languages and Information Technology School which is established in 1992. Title: Ho Chi Minh Highway Passage: Ho Chi Minh Road or Ho Chi Minh Highway () is a highway in Vietnam. It runs from the north to the south of Vietnam, west of National Route 1A. The highway was named after Hồ Chí Minh. Title: Susqueda Reservoir Passage: Susqueda Reservoir () is a reservoir located on the Ter river, near Osor, Catalonia, Spain. The dam is located in Osor while the main water body is within the boundaries of Susqueda and Sant Hilari Sacalm. The construction of the dam was completed in 1968, creating a reservoir with a storage capacity of 233 hm³ that covered the old villages of Susqueda and Querós. The dam has a structural height of 135 m and a crest length of 360 m. Title: Trinh T. Minh-ha Passage: Trinh T. Minh-ha (born 1952 in Hanoi) is a Vietnamese filmmaker, writer, literary theorist, composer, and professor. She has been making films for over thirty years and may be best known for her films "Reassemblage", made in 1982, and "Surname Viet Given Name Nam", made in 1985. She has received several awards and grants, including the American Film Institute's National Independent Filmmaker Maya Deren Award, and Fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts and the California Arts Council. Her films have been the subject of twenty retrospectives. Title: Saw Kill Passage: Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west). Title: Cape Town water crisis Passage: In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam. Title: Lake Placid (New York) Passage: The body of water named Lake Placid is a lake in the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York, the United States. It is on the northern side of the Village of Lake Placid. Fender guitars has named a color for their guitars after this lake with guitars available in "Lake Placid Blue". Title: Thống Nhất Stadium Passage: Thống Nhất Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is located at 138 Đào Duy Từ Street, Ward 6, District 10. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium for both Sài Gòn F.C. of V.League 1 and Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh of the V.League 1. The stadium has a capacity to seat 15,000 people.	[ "Trinh T. Minh-ha", "Nhật Tân Bridge" ]
What is the dynasty that gave birth to the empire that the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht belonged to?	the Carolingian family	[]	Title: Xia dynasty Passage: The Xia dynasty is the legendary, possibly mythical first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the Bamboo Annals, the Classic of History and the Records of the Grand Historian. According to tradition, the Xia dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors gave his throne to him. The Xia was later succeeded by the Shang dynasty. Title: Kyiso Passage: Kyiso (, ; c. 1000–1038) was king of Pagan dynasty from 1021 to 1038. According to the Burmese chronicles, Kyiso was a son of King Nyaung-u Sawrahan but raised by King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu. Kunhsaw married Nyuang-u's three chief queens, two of whom were pregnant and subsequently gave birth to Kyiso and Sokkate. Sokkate and Kyiso were raised by Kunhsaw as his own sons. When the two sons reached manhood, they forced Kunhsaw to abdicate the throne and become a monk. Title: Battle of Brustem Passage: The Battle of Brustem was fought on 28 October 1467 in Brustem, near Sint-Truiden (present-day Belgium) between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, as part of the Second Liège War. Title: Czcibor Passage: Czcibor (; died after 972), a member of the Piast dynasty, was a Polan prince of the Piast dynasty, a son of Duke Siemomysł and younger brother of the first Christian ruler, Mieszko I of Poland. Title: Bernold Passage: Bernold succeeded Saint Adalbold as Bishop of Utrecht on 24 September 1027, when he was appointed by emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Conrad II. He was likely an official in Conrad's court prior to taking on the powerful post as Prince-Bishop: both an episcopal head and secular feudal lord within the Empire. A supporter of Conrad and his successor Henry III, Bernold was active church reform, helping to reduce episcopal power over monastic orders, helping to strengthen the Cluniac order in his domains, weakening lay lords control of churches and church land, and aiding the Holy Roman Emperor. For this, Conrad and Henry expanded his see, further angering local nobility. Bernold was friend of the future Emperor Henry III (succeeded Conrad in 1046), and traveled on Henry's 1041 campaign against the Hungarians. During Henry's visits to Utrecht in 1040 and 1042, he expanded the see. A brief rebellion led by Lorraine nobility in 1046 was defeated by Emperor Henry, and the Council of Aachen in 1049 saw Bernold's see expanded. Title: Sava Petrović Passage: Sava Petrović (; 18 January 1702 – 9 March 1782) was the Metropolitan of Cetinje between 1735 and 1781, ruling what is known in historiography as the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro; the polity in the hands of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty. He succeeded his relative Danilo I as Metropolitan in 1735, having served as Danilo's coadjutor since the 1719, when he was consecrated by Serbian Patriarch Mojsije I. Title: Utrecht Passage: By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the Carolingian Empire. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre Dorestad. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II). Title: Rubenids Passage: The Rubenids () or Roupenids were an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, the Armenian prince Ruben I. The Rubenids were princes, later kings, of Cilicia from around 1080 until they were surpassed by the Hethumids in the mid-thirteenth century. Title: Hamid Mirza Passage: Prince Sultan Hamid Mirza Qajar (23 April 1918 – 5 May 1988) was the head and heir presumptive of the Qajar dynasty, the former ruling dynasty of Iran, and the son of the last Qajar Crown Prince of Iran. Title: Holy Roman Empire Passage: On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning. Scholars generally concur, however, in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role. Title: Utrecht Passage: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht. Title: Republic of Liège Passage: The Republic of Liège () was a short-lived state centred on the town of Liège in modern-day Belgium. The republic was created in August 1789 after the Liège Revolution led to the destruction of the earlier ecclesiastical state which controlled the territory, the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. It coexisted with the even more short-lived revolutionary state, the United States of Belgium, created by the Brabant Revolution of 1789, to the north. By 1791, the forces of the republic had been defeated by Prussian and Austrian forces and the Prince-Bishop was restored.	[ "Bernold", "Holy Roman Empire" ]
The country with the town of Agulu was named for what?	Niger River	[]	Title: Agulu Passage: Agulu is a large town in Anambra State, Nigeria. It is located in Anaocha Local Government Area. It is home to the Agulu Lake. People from Aguglu include a previous Governor of Anambra State Peter Obi, Dora Akunyili the past NAFDAC czar, Ifeanyi Eric okoye CEO Juhel pharmaceuticals, the music maker, H.E. Amb. Justin Okechukwu Kingland (DRM), Founder Face Of Agulu, Anambra State. Agulu is also known for the Agulu-Nanka erosion sites. Title: ISO 3166-1 Passage: ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes". It defines three sets of country codes: Title: Drinkin' Problem Passage: ``Drinkin 'Problem ''is the debut single of the American country music band Midland. It was released on July 27 2017, as the first single from their debut album On the Rocks. The band members wrote the song with Josh Osborne and Shane McAnally, the latter of whom also produced it. Title: John Francis Sheehan Passage: John Francis Sheehan (1910–1942) was a United States Navy sailor killed in action during World War II for whom a destroyer escort was named during the war. Title: 653 Berenike Passage: 653 Berenike is a main-belt asteroid discovered on November 27, 1907, by Joel Hastings Metcalf at Taunton, Massachusetts. It is named after Berenice II of Egypt, after whom the constellation Coma Berenices is also named. Title: Franco-Prussian War Passage: The quick German victory over the French stunned neutral observers, many of whom had expected a French victory and most of whom had expected a long war. The strategic advantages possessed by the Germans were not appreciated outside Germany until after hostilities had ceased. Other countries quickly discerned the advantages given to the Germans by their military system, and adopted many of their innovations, particularly the General Staff, universal conscription and highly detailed mobilization systems. Title: Sistine Chapel ceiling Passage: The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many other important services. Title: William M. Hobby Passage: William M. Hobby (1899–1942), was a United States Navy officer killed in action during World War II for whom a U.S. Navy ship was named. Title: Nigeria Passage: The name "" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name "Niger", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name "egerew n-igerewen" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Title: Camp Connor Passage: Camp Connor was a Union Army outpost established May 23, 1863 by Captain David Black, 3rd Regiment California Volunteer Infantry, by order of Brigadier General Patrick Edward Connor commander of the District of Utah, Department of the Pacific for whom the post was named. Title: Left Grouping of the Valencian Country Passage: Left Grouping of the Valencian Country (in Catalan: "Agrupament d'Esquerra del País Valencià") was a political group created in 1982 out of a nationalist splinter-group of the Communist Party of the Valencian Country (PCPV), the 'possibilist' sector of the Socialist Party of National Liberation of the Catalan Countries (PSAN) and independent leftwing nationalists. AEPV was registered as a political party. Soon after its foundation AEPV initiated cooperation with the Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country (PNPV) and the Left Unity of the Valencian Country (UEPV), with whom AEPV founded the coalition Valencian People's Union (UPV). Title: Frank Burr Mallory Passage: Frank Burr Mallory (1862–1941) was an American pathologist at the Boston City Hospital and Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School, after whom the Mallory body is named.	[ "Nigeria", "Agulu" ]
In 2014, what was the unemployment rate in the country where the organization that intervened with mediation for the governments was located?	3.2%	[]	Title: Switzerland Passage: Around 3.8 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004. Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. The unemployment rate is 3.2% in 2014. Population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of population in 2004. The foreign citizen population was 21.8% in 2004, about the same as in Australia. GDP per hour worked is the world's 16th highest, at 49.46 international dollars in 2012. Title: League of Nations Passage: There were several border conflicts between Colombia and Peru in the early part of the 20th century, and in 1922, their governments signed the Salomón-Lozano Treaty in an attempt to resolve them. As part of this treaty, the border town of Leticia and its surrounding area was ceded from Peru to Colombia, giving Colombia access to the Amazon River. On 1 September 1932, business leaders from Peruvian rubber and sugar industries who had lost land, as a result, organised an armed takeover of Leticia. At first, the Peruvian government did not recognise the military takeover, but President of Peru Luis Sánchez Cerro decided to resist a Colombian re-occupation. The Peruvian Army occupied Leticia, leading to an armed conflict between the two nations. After months of diplomatic negotiations, the governments accepted mediation by the League of Nations, and their representatives presented their cases before the Council. A provisional peace agreement, signed by both parties in May 1933, provided for the League to assume control of the disputed territory while bilateral negotiations proceeded. In May 1934, a final peace agreement was signed, resulting in the return of Leticia to Colombia, a formal apology from Peru for the 1932 invasion, demilitarisation of the area around Leticia, free navigation on the Amazon and Putumayo Rivers, and a pledge of non-aggression. Title: Switzerland Passage: A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.	[ "League of Nations", "Switzerland" ]
What country is Four Corners, in the county Fluid Components International's headquarters are located in the state they filmed Some Like It Hot located?	United States	[ "the U.S.", "U.S.", "US", "U.S" ]	Title: Four Corners, San Diego County, California Passage: Four Corners is an unincorporated community residential community in San Diego County, California, United States. Four Corners borders San Diego Country Estates communities to the south in the North County Inland region of the San Diego metropolitan area. Part of Four Corners is also located within the San Diego Country Estates limits or census-designated place. Title: Fluid Components International Passage: Fluid Components International (FCI), headquartered in San Marcos, California, is a manufacturer of thermal dispersion flow and level measurement instrumentation. FCI has two divisions, one serving customers with measurement needs in industrial process and plant applications and an aerospace division, which produces level, temperature, flow and pressure sensors for aircraft manufacturers. FCI was a pioneer in developing thermal dispersion technology and holds numerous design and technology patents for its application in flow and level measurement. Title: San Marcos, California Passage: San Marcos is a city in the North County region of San Diego County in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 83,781. It is the site of California State University San Marcos. The city is bordered by Escondido to the east, Encinitas to the southwest, Carlsbad to the west, and Vista to the northwest. Lake San Marcos is an enclave, or county island, in the southwestern part of the city, within San Marcos' sphere of influence but technically an unincorporated community. Title: Some Like It Hot Passage: The film was made in California during the summer and autumn of 1958. Many scenes were shot at the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego which appeared as the ``Seminole Ritz Hotel ''in Miami in the film. The Hotel in San Diego fitted into the era of the 1920s and was near Hollywood, so Wilder chose it although it was not in Florida.	[ "San Marcos, California", "Four Corners, San Diego County, California", "Fluid Components International", "Some Like It Hot" ]
When was the last time the state that Jonathan Reid's birthplace is the capitol of used the death penalty?	2 December 2009	[]	Title: List of people executed in Tennessee Passage: Executed person Date of execution Method Murder victim (s) Under Governor Robert Glen Coe 19 April 2000 lethal injection Cary Ann Medlin Don Sundquist Sedley Alley 28 June 2006 U.S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal Suzanne Marie Collins Phil Bredesen Philip Workman 9 May 2007 Memphis Police Lieutenant Ronald Oliver Daryl Holton 12 September 2007 electrocution Stephen Holton, Brent Holton, Eric Holton, Kayla Holton Steve Henley 4 February 2009 lethal injection Fred and Edna Stafford 6 Cecil Johnson 2 December 2009 Bobby Bell Jr., James Moore, Charles House Title: William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower Passage: The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building. Title: Jonathan Reid Passage: Jonathan Douglass Reid (born October 24, 1972, Nashville, U.S.) is a professional boxer. He is a single parent and has five children.	[ "Jonathan Reid", "List of people executed in Tennessee", "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" ]
When did the sport that John Daly played become an Olympic sport?	1928	[]	Title: Nanjing Passage: There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China. Title: Sport Passage: A wide range of sports were already established by the time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of sport in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought increased leisure time, letting people attend and follow spectator sports and participate in athletic activities. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans followed the exploits of professional athletes – all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been increasing debate about whether transgender sportspersons should be able to participate in sport events that conform with their post-transition gender identity. Title: Nanjing Passage: In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000. Title: Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics Passage: Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona. Title: Phil Rogers Passage: Philip John Rogers (born 24 April 1971) is a former breaststroke swimmer who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for Australia, starting in 1992. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. Title: Skeleton at the Winter Olympics Passage: Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head - first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport. Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. Skeleton is so - named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton. Title: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium Passage: The Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium (Simplified Chinese: 南京奥林匹克体育中心体育馆) is an indoor arena in Nanjing, China. The arena used mainly for indoor sports such as basketball and figure skating. The facility has a capacity of 13,000 people and was opened in 2005. It is located near Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre. Title: Tennis at the Summer Olympics Passage: Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics due to disputes between the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the International Olympic Committee over how to define amateur players. After two appearances as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984 (with a U-21 age limit), it returned as a full medal sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics open for all players regardless of their age and status and has been played at every edition of the Games since then. Title: Figure skating at the Olympic Games Passage: Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games. Title: Stanley Bissell Passage: Stanley John Bissell (26 October 1906 – January 1999) was an English freestyle and Greco-Roman sport wrestler who competed for Great Britain in the 1948 Summer Olympics. Title: John Daly (skeleton racer) Passage: John Daly (born June 10, 1985) is an American skeleton racer who has competed since 2001. He has been on the World Cup podium many times, at such tracks as Winterberg, Calgary, and St. Moritz . Title: Monday Night with Matty Johns Passage: Sunday Night with Matty Johns is an Australian sports television series aired on Fox Sports on 4 March 2013. The show previously on Monday nights, but changed to Sunday night in 2018.	[ "Skeleton at the Winter Olympics", "John Daly (skeleton racer)" ]
Whose position was it that the individual who overthrew the moneychangers' tables in the temple was the Son of God?	the Arian position	[ "Arianism" ]	Title: Southeast Asia Passage: It has been pointed out that Khmer and Indonesian classical arts were concerned with depicting the life of the gods, but to the Southeast Asian mind the life of the gods was the life of the peoples themselves—joyous, earthy, yet divine. The Tai, coming late into Southeast Asia, brought with them some Chinese artistic traditions, but they soon shed them in favour of the Khmer and Mon traditions, and the only indications of their earlier contact with Chinese arts were in the style of their temples, especially the tapering roof, and in their lacquerware. Title: God of War (2018 video game) Passage: God of War (commonly referred to as God of War 4 or God of War PS4) is an upcoming third - person action - adventure video game in development by Santa Monica Studio and to be published by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE). It is scheduled to be released on April 20, 2018 for the PlayStation 4 (PS4) console. It will be the eighth installment in the God of War series, the eighth chronologically, and the sequel to 2010's God of War III. The story is a new direction for the series, as it will be loosely based on Norse mythology -- all previous games were based on Greek mythology. Series protagonist Kratos returns as the main character, and he now has a son named Atreus. Kratos acts as a mentor and protector to his son, and has to master the rage that has driven him for many years. Title: Mallikarjuna Temple, Basaralu Passage: The Mallikarjuna temple, dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, is in Basaralu, a small town in the Mandya district, Karnataka state, India. Basaralu is close to Nagamangala and about 65 km from the culturally important city of Mysore. The temple was built by Harihara Dhannayaka around 1234 A.D. during the rule of the Hoysala Empire King Vira Narasimha II. This temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. Title: God of War: Chains of Olympus Passage: As with the previous games in the God of War franchise, God of War: Chains of Olympus is set in an alternate version of ancient Greece, populated by the Olympian Gods, Titans, and other beings of Greek mythology. With the exception of flashbacks, the events are set between those of the games Ascension (2013) and God of War (2005). Several locations are explored, including the real world locations of the ancient cities of Attica and Marathon, the latter including fictional settings of the Temple of Helios and the Caves of Olympus, and several other fictional locations, including the Underworld, which features scenes at the River Styx, Tartarus, the Fields of Elysium, and the Temple of Persephone. Title: Cleansing of the Temple Passage: ``And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. '' Title: Fertőrákos mithraeum Passage: The Fertőrákos Mithraeum is a temple to the Roman god Mithras at Fertőrákos in Hungary. The temple (known as a mithraeum), follows a typical plan of a narthex followed by the shrine proper that consists of a sunken central nave with podium benches on either side. Title: Table of Ranks Passage: The Table of Ranks () was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. Peter the Great introduced the system in 1722 while engaged in a struggle with the existing hereditary nobility, or boyars. The Table of Ranks was formally abolished on 11 November 1917 by the newly established Bolshevik government. Title: Pantheon, Rome Passage: The Pantheon (/ ˈpænθiən / or US: / ˈpænθiɒn /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, ``(temple) of all the gods '') is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC -- 14 AD). The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. He retained Agrippa's original inscription, which has caused confusion over its date of construction as the original Pantheon burned down, so it is not certain when the present one was built. Title: Athanasius of Alexandria Passage: Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as "Athanasius Contra Mundum" (Latin for Athanasius Against the World). Title: Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem) Passage: Wilson's Arch is the modern name for the ancient stone arch whose top is still visible today, where it is supported against the Northeast corner of Jerusalem's Western Wall, so that it appears on the left to visitors facing the Wall. It once spanned , supporting a road that continued for and allowed access to a gate that was level with the surface of the Temple Mount during the Second Temple period. Title: Hazarmaveth Passage: Hazarmaveth (, tr. Ḥăṣarmāweṯ; ) is the third of thirteen sons of Joktan, who was a son of Eber, son of Shem in the table of the Sons of Noah in Genesis chapter 10 and 1 Chronicles chapter 1 in the Bible. This "Table of Nations" lists purported founders of neighboring ethnic groups or "nations". Title: Apollo Passage: On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare". During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. In the time of Augustus, who considered himself under the special protection of Apollo and was even said to be his son, his worship developed and he became one of the chief gods of Rome.	[ "Athanasius of Alexandria", "Cleansing of the Temple" ]
Who is the minister of the state where Singasandra is located?	H.D. Kumaraswamy	[]	Title: Arrondissement of Mechelen Passage: The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides. Title: Singasandra Passage: Singasandra is a suburb of Bangalore in India in the state of Karnataka. It is situated on the south side of [Bangalore].It is close to Electronic City.Now the village comes under the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Bangalore city corporation).It became a prime residential area with number of apartments.Singasandra is developing at a faster pace. Manipal County road has lots of commercial buildings and supermarkets. Domino's and Star Market has started an outlet in Manipal County Road. Now commuters are using Manipal County road to reach Bannerghatta quickly. Manipal County club is located in this area. There is a lake named Chikka Begur Lake in this area. There are buses available every five minutes from this area to Central Bus Station and Railway Station. It is three KM away from the busy Bommanahalli Junction.It is located 5 km north of Electronic city on the Main Hosur Road on National High way number 7. Title: Government of Karnataka Passage: Government of Karnataka The state of India Seat of Government Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore Executive Governor Vajubhai Vala Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy Deputy Chief Minister G. Parameshwara Legislature Assembly Karnataka State Assembly Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar Members in Assembly 224 Council Karnataka Legislative Council Chairman D.H. Shankaramurthy Members in Council 75 Judiciary High Court Karnataka High Court Chief Justice Dinesh Maheshwari	[ "Government of Karnataka", "Singasandra" ]
How many floors are in the Trump Tower in the city where the performer of Come 2 My House was born?	98	[]	Title: Ayala Tower One Passage: Tower One & Exchange Plaza is one of the tallest and most well-known skyscrapers in the Philippines. It is located in the Makati Central Business District and has a height of 160 metres (525 feet). The building has 35 floors above ground level, and is originally planned to be the first of three towers for the Ayala Triangle. Plans for the construction of the two additional buildings did not materialize though. The area composes of 3 Buildings, Ayala Tower One, The Makati Stock Exchange (MkSE) and the former trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange, along with 2 Buildings Under Construction. Title: Come 2 My House Passage: Come 2 My House is the ninth studio album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan released on the NPG Records label in 1998. Title: Altoria Passage: Altoria (also known as Aimia Tower, ) is a 35-storey mixed-use skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The first ten floors will be home to office space while the remaining 25 floors will consist of 152 condos. The office component is anchored by Aimia and is known as the Aimia Tower. Title: Trump Tower Passage: Trump Tower View from Fifth Avenue Trump Tower Trump Tower Trump Tower Trump Tower Show map of Manhattan Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all General information Status Complete Type Retail, office, and residential Architectural style Modernism Location 721 Fifth Avenue New York City, NY 10022 United States Coordinates 40 ° 45 ′ 45 ''N 73 ° 58 ′ 26'' W / 40.7625 ° N 73.9738 ° W / 40.7625; - 73.9738 Coordinates: 40 ° 45 ′ 45 ''N 73 ° 58 ′ 26'' W / 40.7625 ° N 73.9738 ° W / 40.7625; - 73.9738 Current tenants The Trump Organization Named for Donald Trump Construction started 1979 (1979) Completed 1983 (1983) Inaugurated November 30, 1983; 34 years ago (1983 - 11 - 30) Cost $300 million Owner Donald Trump, The Trump Organization Height Architectural 664 ft (202 m) Technical details Material Concrete Floor count 58 Lifts / elevators 34 Design and construction Architect Der Scutt Architecture firm Poor, Swanke, Hayden & Connell Developer Donald Trump Structural engineer Irwin Cantor Other information Number of units 238 Number of restaurants Number of bars Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16. Title: Taka Boom Passage: Taka Boom (born Yvonne Stevens; October 8, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American female R&B and dance music singer, and is the younger sister of singer Chaka Khan and Mark Stevens of Aurra. She sang background vocals for several Parliament albums in the 1970s. Taka Boom is sometimes credited as Takka Boom and is known for her work with DJ/producer Dave Lee, especially in a range of hits under the Joey Negro name. Boom was also a later member of the Norman Whitfield group The Undisputed Truth, and led them on their 1976 disco hit "You + Me = Love". Title: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Passage: The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates or vote. Title: Appleton Water Tower Passage: The Appleton Water Tower is a Victorian water tower located in Sandringham, Norfolk. It was constructed in 1877 to improve the quality of the water supply to the nearby Sandringham House and its estate. Accommodation was provided within the tower on the ground and first floors for the water tower custodian, whilst the second floor above the water tank provides a viewing platform. All floors are served by a spiral staircase adjoining the tower. Title: Baghdad Tower Passage: Baghdad Tower (, previously called International Saddam Tower, is a TV tower in Baghdad, Iraq. The tower opened in 1994 and replaced a communications tower destroyed in the Gulf War. A revolving restaurant and observation deck are located on the top floor. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the tower was occupied by American soldiers and was renamed. Title: Montevideo Passage: The Towers Square, is an area of remarkable aesthetic design, intended to be a platform for the development of business activities, art exhibitions, dance and music performances and social place. This square connects the different buildings and towers which comprise the WTC Complex and it is the main access to the complex. The square contains various works of art, notably a sculpture by renowned Uruguayan sculptor Pablo Atchugarry. World Trade Center 4, with 40 floors and 53,500 square metres (576,000 sq ft) of space is under construction as of 2010[update].[citation needed] Title: Fire and Fury Passage: Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House First edition cover Author Michael Wolff Country United States Language English Subject Presidency of Donald Trump Published January 5, 2018 Publisher Henry Holt and Company Media type Print, e-book, audiobook Pages 336 ISBN 978 - 1 - 250 - 15806 - 2 (Hardcover) Title: Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago) Passage: Trump International Hotel and Tower Trump International Hotel and Tower as viewed from street level Location of Trump Tower along the Chicago River General information Status Complete Type Hotel, condominium Architectural style Modern Location 401 N. Wabash Ave. Chicago, Illinois United States Coordinates 41 ° 53 ′ 20 ''N 87 ° 37 ′ 36'' W / 41.88889 ° N 87.62667 ° W / 41.88889; - 87.62667 Construction started March 17, 2005 Topped - out August 16, 2008 (last concrete pour) August 19, 2008 (ceremonial topping out) January 3, 2009 (Spire ceremony) Completed 2009 Opening January 30, 2009 Cost US $847 million Height Architectural 1,388 feet (423.2 m) Tip 1,388 feet (423.2 m) Roof 1,171 feet (357 m) Top floor 1,116 feet (340.2 m) Technical details Floor count 98 Floor area 2,600,000 square feet (240,000 m) Lifts / elevators 27, made by Kone Design and construction Architect Adrian Smith, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Developer The Trump Organization Structural engineer William F. Baker Main contractor Bovis Lend Lease References	[ "Taka Boom", "Come 2 My House", "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)" ]
What's the population of the birthplace of Don Fellows?	190,884	[]	Title: Salt Lake City Passage: Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City - Ogden - Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada). Title: Don Fellows Passage: Born in Salt Lake City, Utah and raised in Madison, Wisconsin, Fellows served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II. He was a graduate of the University of Wisconsin and a member of the Actors Studio. He moved to London in 1973 to further his stage career. Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.	[ "Don Fellows", "Salt Lake City" ]
What is the population of the California city where Jake Arnold was born?	175,155	[]	Title: Jake Arnold Passage: Robert Jacob "Jake" Arnold (born 3 January 1984 in Santa Rosa, California) is a decathlete from the United States. He represented the United States in the decathlon at the 2007 and 2009 World Championships ranking 13th and 24th respectively. He became the first athlete to win back-to-back NCAA decathlon titles in over twenty years after winning the event in both 2006 and 2007. Title: Santa Rosa, California Passage: Santa Rosa (lit. Spanish for ``Saint Rose '') is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, in California's Wine Country. Its estimated 2016 population was 175,155. Santa Rosa is the largest city in California's Redwood Empire, Wine Country and the North Bay; the fifth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 28th most populous city in California. Title: Not Another Teen Movie Passage: In the stereotypical high school community of John Hughes High in Southern California, attractive Priscilla (Jaime Pressly), a popular cheerleader, separates from her talented football star but slacker boyfriend, Jake Wyler (Chris Evans). After Jake discovers that Priscilla is now dating timid and weird Les (Riley Smith) just to spite him, one of Jake's friends, Austin (Eric Christian Olsen), suggests seeking Retributive justice by turning Janey Briggs (Chyler Leigh), a ``uniquely rebellious girl '', into the prom queen.	[ "Jake Arnold", "Santa Rosa, California" ]
When does it get cold in the state where Semevolos Farm is located?	winter months	[]	Title: Semevolos Farm Passage: The Semevolos Farm near Butte, North Dakota, United States, is a farm that was homesteaded by John and Rose Semevolos in 1903, and one or more of its buildings were developed in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Title: Climate of North Dakota Passage: Being 1,000 miles (1,609 km) from any large body of water (with the exception of Lake Superior), temperatures and precipitation in North Dakota can vary widely. North Dakota is far enough north to experience − 60 ° F (− 51 ° C) temperatures and blizzards during the winter months, but far enough south to experience 121 ° F (49 ° C) temperatures and tornado outbreaks in the summer. The 181 ° F degree (100 ° C) variation between North Dakota's highest and lowest temperature is the 3rd largest variation of any U.S. State, and the largest of any non-mountainous state. Title: Model Farms, New South Wales Passage: Model Farms is a locality of Winston Hills, a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the local government area of the City of Parramatta.	[ "Climate of North Dakota", "Semevolos Farm" ]
Who dropped out of the university where the owner of the gold spike in the city home to the World Series of Poker was educated and became the person many refer to as the founder of public relations?	Basil Clarke	[]	Title: Rounders (film) Passage: Mike narrarates that he won over $60,000 as a result of the second game with KGB. Mike settles the remaining $15,000 of Worm's debt (calling his personal issue with Worm now ``even ''), he pays back $6,000 to the Chesterfield, repays the $10,000 loan to Petrovsky, and restores his original bankroll of`` three stacks of high society.'' Mike drops out of law school, says goodbye to Jo, and leaves New York headed for Las Vegas with dreams of winning the World Series of Poker. Title: Paul Wasicka Passage: Paul J. Wasicka (born February 17, 1981 in Dallas, Texas) is a professional poker player, based in Denver, Colorado who was the runner-up at the 2006 World Series of Poker Main Event and the winner of the 2007 NBC National Heads-Up Poker Championship. Title: Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault Passage: Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault is a first-person shooter video game, the story of which takes place during the Pacific War. It is the 7th installment of the "Medal of Honor" series. Title: Gold Spike (property) Passage: Gold Spike (formerly Gold Spike Hotel & Casino) is a bar, lounge, residential building, and former boutique 112 - room, seven floor hotel. It is connected with the Oasis at the Gold Spike, a 50 - room three floor hotel located in downtown Las Vegas. It was owned by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh and his Downtown Project, having bought it from The Siegel Group; and the casino was operated by Golden Gaming. Title: Concurrent estate Passage: A concurrent estate or co-tenancy is a concept in property law which describes the various ways in which property is owned by more than one person at a time. If more than one person owns the same property, they are referred to as co-owners. If more than one person leases the same property, they are called co-tenants or joint tenants. Most common law jurisdictions recognize tenancies in common and joint tenancies, and some also recognize tenancies by the entirety. Many jurisdictions refer to a joint tenancy as a joint tenancy with right of survivorship, and a few U.S. states treat the phrase joint tenancy as synonymous with a tenancy in common. Title: World Series of Poker Passage: The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment Corporation (known as Harrah's Entertainment until 2010). It dates its origins to 1970, when Benny Binion invited seven of the best - known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament, with a set start and stop time, and a winner determined by a secret ballot of the seven players. Title: 2018 World Series of Poker Passage: The 2018 World Series of Poker (WSOP) will take place from May 30 - July 17 at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There will be a record 78 bracelet events. The $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event will begin on July 2 and conclude on July 14. Unlike previous years the Main Event will not be the final event to conclude, with 13 tournaments scheduled after it. The $1,000,000 Big One for One Drop will also be held at the WSOP for the first time since 2014. Title: LinkExchange Passage: It was founded in March 1996 by 23-year-old Harvard graduates Tony Hsieh (who later went on to invest in and become the CEO of Zappos) and Sanjay Madan. Ali Partovi later joined them as a third partner in August 1996. In November 1996, when the company consisted of about 10 people, it moved from Hsieh's and Madan's living room to an office in San Francisco. In May 1997, the company received US$3 million in funding from Sequoia Capital. Title: History of public relations Passage: Most textbooks date the establishment of the ``Publicity Bureau ''in 1900 as the start of the modern public relations (PR) profession. Of course, there were many early forms of public influence and communications management in history. Basil Clarke is considered the founder of the public relations profession in Britain with his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924. Academic Noel Turnball points out that systematic PR was employed in Britain first by religious evangelicals and Victorian reformers, especially opponents of slavery. In each case the early promoters focused on their particular movement and were not for hire more generally. Title: 2017 World Series of Poker Passage: The 2017 World Series of Poker was the 48th annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It took place from May 30 - July 17 at the Rio All - Suite Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There was a record 74 bracelet events including the third edition of the $565 Colossus tournament and the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event, which began on July 8. Title: John Juanda Passage: Johnson "John" Juanda (born July 8, 1971) is an Indonesian-born American professional poker player based in Marina del Rey, California. He has won five World Series of Poker bracelets. He is best known for getting a hand of three queens on camera at the 2007 Crown Australian Poker Championship Main Event in a hand against Patrik Antonius and Antanas Guoga. Title: Todd Brunson Passage: Todd Alan Brunson (born August 7, 1969) is an American professional poker player and the son of poker player Doyle Brunson. Doyle Brunson did not teach Todd how to play; it was not until he was studying law at Texas Tech University that he learned how to play on his own. Before his senior year, he dropped out of school to turn professional.	[ "World Series of Poker", "LinkExchange", "Gold Spike (property)", "History of public relations" ]
What is the original broadcaster of the country where the performer of What Do You Care Tonight?	Western International Communications	[]	Title: What Do You Care Passage: "What Do You Care" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Patricia Conroy. It was released in 1993 as the third single from her second studio album, "Bad Day for Trains". It peaked at number 8 on the "RPM" Country Tracks chart in March 1993. Title: Patricia Conroy Passage: Patricia Conroy was born on January 30, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Conroy was born to musical family which was influenced by her mother's Maritime country background and her father's Irish roots. As a young girl her musical interests led to piano and vocal lessons and performances in a local church and with her family band, the Shamrock Ceili Band. In the late 1980s, Conroy hooked up with local musicians in Vancouver, British Columbia and eventually entered a Battle of the Bands contest. Conroy ultimately won and received $10,000, which gave her the opportunity to record demos of some of her original material. By 1990, Conroy was approached by executives at Warner Music Canada, who signed her a record contract. Title: Canada Tonight Passage: Canada Tonight was a Canadian television newscast which aired on stations owned by Western International Communications (WIC) from 1993 to 2001. It was produced out of the studio of CHAN-TV (BCTV) in Burnaby, British Columbia. There were two versions of the newscast; the one seen outside BC was anchored by Tony Parsons, and the one seen in that province was anchored by Bill Good. The BC version, seen only on BCTV, featured more stories related to Vancouver and BC, as well as local weather and some national news reports sourced from CTV, which WIC's other stations were unable to use.	[ "Canada Tonight", "What Do You Care", "Patricia Conroy" ]
Özer Hurmacı's birthplace shares a border with what?	Schwalm-Eder-Kreis	[]	Title: Stellbergsee Passage: Stellbergsee is a lake in Söhre, Landkreis Kassel and Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, Germany. At an elevation of 356 m, its surface area is 0.014 km². Title: Özer Hurmacı Passage: Özer Hurmacı (born 20 November 1986 in Kassel) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Sivasspor. He was a regular on the Turkey national under-21 football team. Title: San Lucas AVA Passage: The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.	[ "Özer Hurmacı", "Stellbergsee" ]
How many times did the team that Jonathan Sánchez played for win the World Series?	8	[]	Title: Jonathan Sánchez Passage: Sánchez began 2009 as a starter but was moved to the bullpen during the season. He was returned to the rotation on July 10 because of an injury to fellow starter Randy Johnson, however, and he threw a no-hitter against the San Diego Padres that day. In 2010, Sánchez struck out 200 batters for the first time and was a member of the Giants team that won the World Series. In 2011 he married a Dominican model name Audris Rijo. He was traded to the Kansas City Royals in 2012, who traded him to the Colorado Rockies after he struggled in the first half of the season. He began 2013 with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Title: World Series Passage: American League (AL) teams have won 65 of the 113 World Series played (57.5%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.9% of all series played and 41.5% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.7% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories. Title: 2006 Eindhoven Team Time Trial Passage: The 2006 edition of the Eindhoven Team Time Trial was held June 18 in Eindhoven, Netherlands. It marked the second year of this UCI ProTour event, which is a team time trial competition between the world's elite professional cycling teams and consists of the eight riders for each team riding in unison against the clock. The team with the fastest time through the 48.6 km course based on the time of its first five riders wins the competition. Title: San Francisco Giants Passage: San Francisco Giants 2018 San Francisco Giants season Established in 1883 Based in San Francisco since 1958 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations National League (1883 -- present) West Division (1969 -- present) Current uniform Retired numbers NY NY 11 20 24 27 30 36 44 42 Colors Orange, black, gold, cream Name San Francisco Giants (1958 -- present) New York Giants (1886 -- 1957) New York Gothams (1883 -- 1885) Other nicknames The Orange and Black, Los Gigantes, The G - Men, The Boys from the Bay Ballpark AT&T Park (2000 -- present) Candlestick Park (1960 -- 1999) Seals Stadium (1958 -- 1959) Hilltop Park (1911) Polo Grounds III (1891 -- 1957) Polo Grounds II (1889 -- 1890) St. George Cricket Grounds (1889) Oakland Park (1889) Polo Grounds I (1883 -- 1888) Major league titles World Series titles (8) 1905 1921 1922 1933 1954 2012 2014 NL Pennants (23) 1888 1889 1904 1905 1911 1912 1913 1917 1921 1922 1923 1924 1933 1936 1937 1951 1954 1962 1989 2002 2012 2014 West Division titles (8) 1971 1989 1997 2000 2003 2012 Wild card berths (3) 2002 2014 2016 Front office Owner (s) San Francisco Baseball Associates LLC Manager Bruce Bochy General Manager Bobby Evans President of Baseball Operations Brian Sabean Title: Chicago White Sox Passage: The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén. Title: 2015 World Series Passage: The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2015 season. The 111th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 27 and November 1, with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1. It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November. The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series to win the World Series after losing in the previous year. It was the first World Series to feature only expansion teams and the first since the 2007 World Series to not feature the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, or San Francisco Giants as the NL champions. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the "Lovable Losers" because of this distinction. They are also known as "The North Siders" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals. Title: Jonathan Vitale Passage: Jonathan Vitale (born March 11, 1981 in Canton, Ohio) is an American rugby union prop. He is a member of the United States national rugby union team and participated with the squad at the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Title: Pittsburgh Pirates Passage: The franchise joined the NL in its eighth season in 1887 and was competitive from its early years, winning three NL titles from 1901 to 1903, playing in the inaugural World Series in 1903 and winning their first World Series in 1909 behind Honus Wagner. The Pirates have had many ups and downs during their long history, most famously winning the 1960 World Series against the New York Yankees on a game - winning walk - off home run by Bill Mazeroski, the only time that Game 7 of the World Series has ever ended with a home run. They also won the 1971 World Series, led by the talent of Roberto Clemente, and the 1979 World Series under the slogan ``We Are Family '', led by`` Pops'' Willie Stargell. Title: 2005 World Series Passage: Neither team advanced to the post-season in 2006, but the 2006 World Series again featured teams from the American League Central and National League Central divisions, this time represented by the Detroit Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals, respectively. The Cardinals won the World Series in five games, in which manager Tony La Russa became the second manager to win the World Series in both American and National leagues, previously managing the Oakland Athletics to the 1989 World Series championship. Both the White Sox and the Astros were in the Wild Card race until the final weeks of the season, with the White Sox finishing with 90 wins, the Astros with 82 wins. The White Sox made their first post-2005 playoff appearance in 2008, while the Astros would not return to the postseason until 2015, their third season as an American League team and would not return to the World Series until 2017, their fifth season as an American League team. Title: List of Cricket World Cup finals Passage: The Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's global governing body. The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Raichur and New Zealand, was won by ((Australia national cricket team A, who beat their co-hosts New Zealand. The current trophy was instituted in 1999. It always remains with the ICC, and a replica is awarded to the winning team. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.	[ "San Francisco Giants", "Jonathan Sánchez" ]
What percentage was the country Cúpira is located?	5.1	[]	Title: Larry Yaji Passage: Larry Tsutomu Yaji (May 10, 1926 – December 30, 2013) was a professional baseball infielder who played for the Nishitetsu Lions in the Japanese Pacific League in 1952. He batted .224 with a .302 on-base percentage, .304 slugging percentage and 28 hits in 55 games. Title: Military budget of the United States Passage: For FY 2010, Department of Defense spending amounts to 4.7% of GDP. Because the U.S. GDP has risen over time, the military budget can rise in absolute terms while shrinking as a percentage of the GDP. For example, the Department of Defense budget is slated to be $664 billion in 2010 (including the cost of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan previously funded through supplementary budget legislation), higher than at any other point in American history, but still 1.1 -- 1.4% lower as a percentage of GDP than the amount spent on military during the peak of Cold - War military spending in the late 1980s. Admiral Mike Mullen, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has called four percent an ``absolute floor ''. This calculation does not take into account some other military - related non-DOD spending, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, and interest paid on debt incurred in past wars, which has increased even as a percentage of the national GDP. Title: Cúpira Passage: Cúpira is a city in the state of Miranda, Venezuela. It is the capital of Pedro Gual Municipality. Its name may derive from an indigenous word "pira", referring to a variety of Amaranth. Title: Retirement Passage: Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck. Title: List of National Football League records (individual) Passage: Most seasons led league, lowest percentage intercepted: 5, Sammy Baugh, 1940, 1942, 1944 -- 45, 1947 Lowest percentage passes had intercepted, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 1.55 (75 INTs, 4,850 attempts), Aaron Rodgers, 2005 -- 2017. Lowest percentage pick 6s, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 0.000412 (2 pick 6s, 4,850 attempts), Aaron Rodgers, 2005 -- 2017. Lowest percentage passes had intercepted season (minimum 200 attempts): 0.0 (0 INTs, 200 attempts), Brian Hoyer, 2016 Lowest percentage passes had intercepted rookie season: 0.87 (4 INTs, 459 attempts), Dak Prescott, 2016 Title: Namibia Passage: Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%). Title: Florida Passage: At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures. In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country. Title: Russian language Passage: Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group). Title: Boston Passage: Nicknamed "The Walking City", Boston hosts more pedestrian commuters than do other comparably populated cities. Owing to factors such as the compactness of the city and large student population, 13 percent of the population commutes by foot, making it the highest percentage of pedestrian commuters in the country out of the major American cities. In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States. As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70. Title: Spanish Wikipedia Passage: It has the second largest number of users, after the English Wikipedia. However, it is ranked eighth for number of articles, below other Wikipedias devoted to languages with smaller numbers of speakers, such as German, French, Cebuano, Dutch and Russian. In terms of quality, parameters such as article size (over 2 KB: 40%) show it as the second out of the ten largest Wikipedias after the German one. As of October 2012, Spanish Wikipedia is the fourth Wikipedia in terms of the number of edits, as well as the third Wikipedia by the number of page views.By country of origin, by September 2017, Spain was the main contributor to the Spanish Wikipedia (39.2% of edits). It is followed by Argentina (10.7%), Chile (8.8%), the Netherlands (8.4%), Mexico (7.0%), Venezuela (5.1%), Peru (3.5%), the United States (3.1%), Colombia (2.7%), Uruguay (1.3%) and Germany (1.1%). Note that a number of bots are hosted in the Netherlands. Title: Comprehensive school Passage: The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. Title: Educational attainment in the United States Passage: Since 1983 the percentage of people either graduating from high school or failing to complete high school but getting a GED certification has increased from 85% to 88%. The greatest increases in educational attainment were documented in the 1950s, 60s and 70s. In the 1950s and much of the 1960s high school graduates constituted about 50% of those considered adults (25 and above). For young adults aged between 25 and 29, the percentage of either high school graduates or GED obtainers was roughly 50% in 1950 versus 90% today.	[ "Cúpira", "Spanish Wikipedia" ]
When was the Great Plague in the city where the company that worked on the .300 H&H magnum is headquartered?	1665	[]	Title: Black Death Passage: In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%. The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589, 1603, 1625, and 1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665. Title: David Lloyd (riflemaker and sportsman) Passage: Extensive deer stalking, and frequent rifle shooting visits to Bisley ranges, Lloyd established the David Lloyd & Co. riflemakers company (registered company 05202134) at Pipewell Hall in 1936, and in the early 1950s developed the .244 H&H Magnum rifle cartridge, later adopted by Holland & Holland of London. Title: .300 H&H Magnum Passage: The .300 H&H Magnum Cartridge was introduced by the British company Holland & Holland as the "Super-Thirty" in June, 1925. The case was belted like the .375 H&H Magnum, and is based on the same case, as also is the .244 H&H Magnum. The belt is for headspace as the cases' shoulders have a narrow slope rather than an actual shoulder. More modern magnums continue this practice, but headspacing on the belt is not necessary with their more sharply angled shoulders. The cartridge was used by American shooter Ben Comfort to win the 1000-yard Wimbledon Cup Match at Camp Perry in 1935, and it was used again to win the international 1,000 yard competition in 1937. Winchester chambered the Model 70 in .300 Holland & Holland Magnum in 1937.	[ "Black Death", ".300 H&H Magnum", "David Lloyd (riflemaker and sportsman)" ]
Who did the performer of The Fearless Tour play in The Lorax?	Audrey	[]	Title: Fearless Tour Passage: The Fearless Tour was the debut concert tour by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Also referred to as the Fearless Tour 2009 and the Fearless Tour 2010, it was launched in support of her second studio album ""Fearless"" (2008). On the tour, she was joined by guests Kellie Pickler and Gloriana. Teen singer Justin Bieber joined her as an opening act for the tour when she went to England in November 2009. During the tour, Swift performed with guests such as John Mayer, Katy Perry, and Faith Hill. It grossed $63,705,590 from 89 reported shows and an audience of 1,138,977. Title: Jim Carter (golfer) Passage: Jim Laver Carter (born June 24, 1961) is an American professional golfer who plays on the Champions Tour. He has also played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour. Title: Taylor Swift Passage: Swift's second studio album, Fearless, was released on November 11, 2008. The lead single, "Love Story", was released in September 2008. It peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one in Australia. Four more singles were released throughout 2008 and 2009: "White Horse", "You Belong with Me", "Fifteen" and "Fearless". "You Belong with Me" was the album's highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number two. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was the top-selling album of 2009 in the United States. The album received promotion from Swift's first concert tour, the Fearless Tour, which grossed over $63 million. Taylor Swift: Journey to Fearless, a concert film, was aired on television and later released on DVD and Blu-ray. Swift also performed as a supporting act for Keith Urban's Escape Together World Tour. Title: Brian Henninger Passage: Brian Hatfield Henninger (born October 19, 1962) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour. He has won two tournaments on the PGA Tour and three on the Nationwide Tour. Title: Slack Season Passage: Formed by students at the University of Florida, the band played their first gig at the Gainesville venue The Covered Dish and went on to perform there frequently for a period of several years. The band toured the US and shared the stage with Blink-182, Bloodhound Gang, Less Than Jake, For Squirrels, Fastball, Marvelous 3, Harvey Danger, James Brown and others. They performed at many music venues including CBGB, Mercury Lounge, House of Blues and others. They also performed at festivals including CMJ Music Marathon, Sundance Film Festival, Warped Tour, Stop the Violence, NEMO, Atlantis Music Conference and Alachua County Music Harvest, among others. In 1999, the Gainesville music community awarded the band "Favorite Pop Band" at the annual Hogtown Music Awards and they were later profiled in Billboard magazine. Title: You've Got Another Thing Comin' Passage: ``You've Got Another Thing Comin '''is a song by British heavy metal band Judas Priest. It was originally released on their 1982 album Screaming for Vengeance and released as a single later that year. In May 2006, VH1 ranked it fifth on their list of the 40 Greatest Metal Songs. It became one of Judas Priest's signature songs along with`` Electric Eye'' and ``Breaking the Law '', and a staple of the band's live performances.`` You've Got Another Thing Comin'' was first performed on the opening concert of the Vengeance World Tour at the Stabler Center in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, on 26 August 1982 and had been played a total of 673 times through the 2012 Epitaph Tour. Title: Second Helping Tour Passage: Second Helping Tour was the second major concert tour by American Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. The tour was completely played out in the United States. Title: The Lorax (film) Passage: The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer - animated musical fantasy -- comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once - ler. The cast includes Zac Efron as Ted, Danny DeVito as the Lorax, and Ed Helms as the Once - ler. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White). Title: Magic Tour Highlights Passage: Magic Tour Highlights is an EP by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, which consists of four live audio tracks and their accompanying videos, and was released for digital download on July 15, 2008. The performances were recorded during the 2008 Magic Tour, and feature guest musicians, as well as Danny Federici's last performance with the group. Title: You Belong with Me Passage: The song's accompanying music video was directed by Roman White. The video featured Swift portraying two characters, a nerd (the protagonist and narrator) and a popular girl (the antagonist and girlfriend), while American actor Lucas Till portrayed the male lead. The video's plot centers on the protagonist secretively loving the male lead, although he has a girlfriend. The video won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, but during Swift's acceptance speech, rapper Kanye West interrupted, protesting in support of Beyoncé. The incident caused a reaction in the media, with many coming to Swift's defense. The song was performed live at numerous venues, including the 2009 -- 10 Fearless Tour, where it was the opening number. It was covered by various artists, including Butch Walker and Selena Gomez & the Scene, and parodied by ``Weird Al ''Yankovic. Title: The Rolling Stones 1st American Tour 1964 Passage: The Rolling Stones' 1964 1st American Tour was the band's first concert tour of America. The tour commenced on June 5 and concluded on June 20, 1964. On this tour, the band supported their first U.S. album The Rolling Stones. The band played eleven shows in total, including two each on 6 and 7 June, and gave several performances on various television shows during the tour. The band also recorded its next single, It's All Over Now, next British EP, 5 x 5, and much of its next US album, 12 x 5, at Chess Studios on 10 and 11 June. Title: Queen (band) Passage: In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time.	[ "The Lorax (film)", "Fearless Tour" ]
Are these other languages learned in the country where the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber as popular as the language of the nation with the oldest navy in the world?	totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.	[ "the US", "America", "U.S.", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Spanish language in the United States Passage: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population. Title: Navy Passage: The Spanish Infantería de Marina was formed in 1537, making it the oldest, current marine force in the world. The British Royal Marines combine being both a ship - based force and also being specially trained in commando - style operations and tactics, operating in some cases separately from the rest of the Royal Navy. The Royal Marines also have their own special forces unit. Title: Cotton Passage: Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect their investments. With the passage of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act of 1966, the program joined forces and began battling synthetic competitors and re-establishing markets for cotton. Today, the success of this program has made cotton the best-selling fiber in the U.S. and one of the best-selling fibers in the world.[citation needed]	[ "Navy", "Spanish language in the United States", "Cotton" ]
When did the performer of Spellbound quit as a judge?	before season nine	[]	Title: American Idol Passage: In season eight, Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer–songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge. She stayed for two seasons and left the show before season ten. Paula Abdul left the show before season nine after failing to agree terms with the show producers. Emmy Award-winning talk show host Ellen DeGeneres replaced Paula Abdul for that season, but left after just one season. On January 11, 2010, Simon Cowell announced that he was leaving the show to pursue introducing the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA for 2011. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined the judging panel in season ten, but both left after two seasons. They were replaced by three new judges, Mariah Carey, Nicki Minaj and Keith Urban, who joined Randy Jackson in season 12. However both Carey and Minaj left after one season, and Randy Jackson also announced that he would depart the show after twelve seasons as a judge but would return as a mentor. Urban is the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13. He was joined by previous judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr.. Lopez, Urban and Connick, Jr. all returned as judges for the show's fourteenth and fifteenth seasons. Title: Spellbound (Paula Abdul album) Passage: Spellbound is the second studio album released by Paula Abdul in May 1991. The album was an international success and spawned major radio hits with the singles "Rush Rush", "The Promise of a New Day", "Blowing Kisses in the Wind", "Vibeology" and "Will You Marry Me?". The album went triple platinum in the United States and peaked at No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200. Its worldwide sales stand at 7 million. "U" was planned to be released as the album's sixth single but was scrapped. This is why the performance of "U" on the "Under My Spell" tour VHS release had a strong music video feel. Title: List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon Passage: Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President Richard Nixon during his presidency. In total Nixon appointed 235 Article III federal judges, surpassing the previous record of 193 set by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Among these were 4 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States (including 1 Chief Justice), 45 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, 179 judges to the United States district courts, 3 judges to the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, 3 judges to the United States Court of Claims and 1 judge to the United States Customs Court.	[ "Spellbound (Paula Abdul album)", "American Idol" ]
Who is the bigg boss winner in Season 5 in the language of Premism?	Chandan Shetty	[]	Title: America's Got Talent (season 2) Passage: The second season of the show was originally announced to debut in January 2007, with a timeslot of Sunday nights at 8 p.m.; however, the network substituted another reality talent show, Grease: You're The One That I Want. This season's winner was a ventriloquist and impressionist Terry Fator. Title: Premism Passage: Premism () is a 2010 Indian Kannada language romantic film directed by Ratnaja of "Nenapirali" fame. He has teamed up yet again with producer Ajay Gowda and music director Hamsalekha for the third time after "Nenapirali" and "Honganasu" in this film. The film mainly stars Chetan Chandra, Amulya and Varun with actor Sunil Raoh making a guest appearance. Title: Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5) Passage: Bigg Boss Kannada 5 (BBK5) was the fifth season of the Kannada television series Bigg Boss Kannada, that premiered on 15 October 2017. Sudeep reprised his role as the host of the show. The finale of the season took place 28 January 2018, and rapper Chandan Shetty was declared the winner of the show and the prize money of ₹50 lakh. Sales representative Diwaker was voted the runner - up.	[ "Premism", "Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5)" ]
Where was the creator of the White Rabbit born?	Daresbury	[]	Title: White Rabbit Passage: The White Rabbit is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts. Title: Daresbury Passage: In 2006, the annual Creamfields dance festival was held in Daresbury after relocating from the disused Liverpool airport site it had occupied for the six previous years. This saw 40,000 revellers partying from 3pm-6am to a line-up that included live performances from The Prodigy and Zutons, as well as DJ sets from the likes of Sasha, Paul Oakenfold, 2 Many DJ's, Green Velvet and DJ Shadow. As of 2014, the festival has been an annual event at the site. Title: Rachel Shenton Passage: Rachel Joy Shenton is an English actress who has appeared in a number of British television series and films. Shenton made her American TV debut on ABC Family drama Switched at Birth in Season 3 as Lily Summers and stayed until the shows finale in Season 5. Rachel is currently filming BBC2 Comedy White Gold	[ "White Rabbit", "Daresbury" ]
Where is the district where Raise can be found located in the UK?	county of Cumbria	[ "Cumbria" ]	Title: 124th Brigade Passage: The 124th Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War. It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and assigned to the 41st Division. Title: Lake District Passage: It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere. Title: Raise (Lake District) Passage: Raise is a fell in the English Lake District. It stands on the main spine of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, between Thirlmere and Ullswater.	[ "Lake District", "Raise (Lake District)" ]
Who founded the alma mater of Alexandra Bruce?	James Manning	[]	Title: PorchLight Entertainment Passage: PorchLight Entertainment, Inc. is an American production company founded in 1995 by Bruce D. Johnson and William T. Baumann. It is focused on development & production of television series in both live action and animation. It specializes in producing animation for television, film and home video. Title: Alexandra Bruce (filmmaker) Passage: Alexandra "Chica" Bruce is a Brazilian-American publisher, author and filmmaker, who began her career working on independent films and directing music videos in New York City, soon after graduating from Brown University. Title: James Manning (minister) Passage: James Manning (October 22, 1738 – July 29, 1791) was an American Baptist minister, educator and legislator from Providence, Rhode Island best known for being the first president of Brown University and one of its most involved founders.	[ "Alexandra Bruce (filmmaker)", "James Manning (minister)" ]
What rank is the state where the Tunica Municipal Airport is in population?	34th	[]	Title: Harrah's Casino Tunica Passage: Harrah's Casino Tunica, formerly Grand Casino Tunica, was a casino and resort located in Tunica Resorts, Mississippi. It was owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. The casino offered a casino and three hotels with a total of 1,356 rooms. There was also an RV park, the Bellissimo Spa & Salon, a convention center, and a 2,500 seat entertainment venue called the Harrah's Event Center. Title: Itambacuri Passage: Itambacuri is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. its population is estimated to be 23,424. Itambacuri contains its own airport, referred to as the 'Itambacuri airport'. Title: Athens Municipal Airport Passage: Athens Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use UNICOM airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southeast of the central business district of Athens, in Henderson County, Texas, United States. It is mostly used for general aviation. Title: Tunica Municipal Airport Passage: Tunica Municipal Airport is a public use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of Tunica, in Tunica County, Mississippi, United States. It is owned by the Tunica County Airport Commission. Also known as Tunica Airport, it should not be confused with the 10 acre privately owned, public use Tunica Airport located south of the center of town, which has been recently changed to Ralph M Sharpe Airport. Title: Mississippi Passage: Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States. Title: Guaíra, Paraná Passage: Guaíra is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. The population is 32,591 (2015 est.) in an area of 560 km². The elevation is 517 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language and means "place difficult to access". The city is served by Guaíra Airport. Title: Eric Marcus Municipal Airport Passage: Eric Marcus Municipal Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is located north of the central business district of Ajo and is about southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport. Title: Orangeburg Municipal Airport Passage: Orangeburg Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) south of the central business district of Orangeburg, a city in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a "general aviation" facility. The airport does not have scheduled commercial airline service. Title: Range Regional Airport Passage: Range Regional Airport is a public use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) southeast of the central business district of Hibbing, in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. It was formerly known as Chisholm-Hibbing Airport or Chisholm-Hibbing Municipal Airport. The airport is mostly used for general aviation but is also served by one commercial and one charter airline. Scheduled passenger service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program. Title: Scott Municipal Airport Passage: Scott Municipal Airport is a public-use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) southwest of the central business district of Oneida, a city in Scott County, Tennessee, United States. The airport is owned by Scott County. It is located adjacent to the Big South Fork Airpark, a gated community and residential airpark. Title: Heber Springs Municipal Airport Passage: Heber Springs Municipal Airport is a public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northeast of the central business district of Heber Springs, in Cleburne County, Arkansas, United States. It is owned by the City of Heber Springs. Title: Japonvar Passage: Japonvar is a Brazilian municipality located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. In 2007 the population was 8,232 in a total area of 376 km². It became a municipality in 1997.	[ "Mississippi", "Tunica Municipal Airport" ]
The sports team Vaqueros FC in the city housing the university attended by John Davis belongs to which country?	America	[ "US of A", "USA", "the States", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Stonegate Mansion Passage: The Stonegate Mansion is located at the edge of the Stonegate neighborhood in Fort Worth, TX near the Texas Christian University campus on a hill overlooking downtown Fort Worth. Built by multimillionaire oilman T. Cullen Davis, the mansion, once a private home, has been a restaurant, a church and most recently has been renovated to become an event facility used for weddings, parties, meetings and charitable events. Title: Fort Worth Vaqueros FC Passage: Fort Worth Vaqueros FC is an American amateur soccer club based in Fort Worth, Texas, which began play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) in May 2014. The Vaqueros play in the Lone Star Conference of the South Region. The club is based at Farrington Field, a facility owned by the Fort Worth Independent School District. Title: John Davis (entrepreneur) Passage: John F. Davis III (born 1953) is an entrepreneur, educator, CEO of Room Key, and a member of the Texas Christian University Board of Trustees. He is a co-founder of 1-800-Flowers and former CEO of both Pegasus Solutions and Birch Street Systems.	[ "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC", "Stonegate Mansion", "John Davis (entrepreneur)" ]
What genre does the composer of Symphony No. 1 operate in?	opera	[ "Opera" ]	Title: Symphony (El Khoury) Passage: Bechara El Khoury's Symphony, subtitled "The Ruins of Beirut", was composed in 1985. It was the third of a series of works inspired in the ongoing Lebanese Civil War, being preceded by tone poem "Lebanon in flames" and a Requiem. It is composed of four movements, marked "Drammatico", "Misterioso", "Poetico" and "Tragique". Title: The Ghosts of Versailles Passage: The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts, with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman. The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary, with the premiere scheduled for 1983. Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the play "La Mère coupable" ("The Guilty Mother") by Pierre Beaumarchais. They took seven years to complete the opera, past the initial deadline. The opera received its premiere on December 19, 1991, at the Metropolitan Opera, with the production directed by Colin Graham. The premiere run of seven performances was sold out. The original cast included Teresa Stratas, Håkan Hagegård, Renée Fleming, Graham Clark, Gino Quilico, and Marilyn Horne. The Metropolitan Opera revived the opera in the 1994/1995 season. Title: Symphony No. 1 (Corigliano) Passage: John Corigliano's Symphony No. 1 for Orchestra was written between 1988 and 1989 during the composer's tenure as the first Composer-In-Residence for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. The symphony's first performance was by the Chicago Symphony conducted by Daniel Barenboim on March 15, 1990.	[ "Symphony No. 1 (Corigliano)", "The Ghosts of Versailles" ]
How much of the continent on which the region that shares a border with Champagne-Ardenne is located is covered by the Alps?	11 percent of the surface area	[]	Title: Spechhorn Passage: The Spechhorn (it: "Pizzo di Antigine") is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. On its northern side (Valais) it overlooks the lake of Mattmark. Title: Serre Chevalier Passage: Serre Chevalier is a major ski resort in southeastern France, in the Hautes-Alpes department of the Alps. Near the Parc National des Ecrins, it enjoys a large skiing area, with of slopes and favourable weather, boasting 300 days of sunshine a year. In Serre Chevalier, of the slopes are covered by snow cannons to supplement natural snowfall. It is owned by Compagnie des Alpes. Title: Swiss Alps Passage: The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's total 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total 192,753 square kilometres (74,422 sq mi) area, 48 out of 82 alpine four - thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the country's border. Title: Science and technology in Wallonia Passage: Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. Title: Gare de Laifour Passage: The gare de Laifour is a TER railway station in Laifour, France, in the Ardennes département. The station is served by regional trains of the TER Champagne-Ardenne on the line from Charleville-Mézières to Givet. There is no ticket machine. Title: Currie Cup Passage: Team Number of wins Notes Most recent Western Province 34 Four shared 2017 Northern Transvaal / Blue Bulls 23 Four shared 2009 Transvaal / Gauteng Lions / Golden Lions 11 One shared 2015 Natal / Sharks 7 2013 Orange Free State / Free State Cheetahs 5 One shared 2016 Griqualand West / Griquas 1970 Border / Border Bulldogs Two shared 1934 Title: Antarctic oasis Passage: An Antarctic oasis is a large area naturally free of snow and ice in the otherwise ice-covered continent of Antarctica. Title: Piz Trevisina Passage: Piz Trevisina is a mountain of the Livigno Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It lies on the range between the Val Poschiavo (Graubünden) and the Val Grosina (Lombardy). Title: Ardennes Passage: The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. Title: Alps Passage: The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity. Title: Aiguille des Angroniettes Passage: The Aiguille des Angroniettes is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies on the main Alpine watershed, west of the Grand Golliat. Title: Piz Argient Passage: Piz Argient (3,945 m) is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps on the border between Italy and the Swiss canton of Graubünden.	[ "Alps", "Science and technology in Wallonia", "Ardennes" ]
What is the population of the city where Pablo O'Higgins was born?	190,884	[]	Title: Pablo O'Higgins Passage: Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, O'Higgins was raised there and in San Diego, California. In 1922 he abandoned his first career as a pianist and entered the Academy of Arts in San Diego. Within two years he'd become a student of Diego Rivera, assisting Rivera on his murals at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo, and the Public Education Secretariat. Title: Salt Lake City Passage: Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City - Ogden - Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada). Title: Demographics of the European Union Passage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.	[ "Salt Lake City", "Pablo O'Higgins" ]
When did the sport Alex Coomber competes in become an Olympic sport?	1928	[]	Title: Skeleton at the Winter Olympics Passage: Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head - first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport. Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Winter Olympics, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. Skeleton is so - named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton. Title: Harihar Banerjee Passage: Harihar Banerjee (born 1 March 1918, date of death unknown) was an Indian sports shooter. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and 1956 Summer Olympics. Title: Alex Coomber Passage: Alexandra Coomber (née Hamilton; born 28 December 1973) is a British skeleton racer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She won the bronze medal in the women's skeleton event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, while competing with a broken wrist, having broken it in training 10 days prior to her race.	[ "Skeleton at the Winter Olympics", "Alex Coomber" ]
When is the vote for the governor in the state where lars and the real girl is set?	November 6, 2018	[]	Title: 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election Passage: The 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to determine the governor and lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It will occur concurrently with the election of Wisconsin's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Title: American Idol Passage: Voting results have been a consistent source of controversy. The mechanism of voting had also aroused considerable criticisms, most notably in season two when Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote, and in season eight, when the massive increase in text votes (100 million more text votes than season 7) fueled the texting controversy. Concerns about power voting have been expressed from the very first season. Since 2004, votes also have been affected to a limited degree by online communities such as DialIdol, Vote for the Worst (closed in 2013), and Vote for the Girls (started 2010). Title: Guam Passage: Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions. Title: List of Governors of Plateau State Passage: Name Title Took Office Left Office Party Joseph Gomwalk Governor 1966 July 1975 Military Dan Suleiman Governor March 1976 July 1978 (Military) Joshua Anaja Governor July 1978 October 1979 (Military) Solomon Lar Governor October 1979 December 1983 NPP Samuel Atukum Governor January 1984 August 1985 (Military) Chris Alli Governor August 1985 1986 (Military) Lawrence Onoja Governor 1986 July 1988 (Military) Aliyu Kama Governor July 1988 August 1990 (Military) Joshua Madaki Governor August 1990 January 1992 (Military) Fidelis Tapgun Governor January 1992 November 1993 SDP Mohammed Mana Administrator 9 December 1993 22 August 1996 (Military) Habibu Idris Shuaibu Administrator 22 August 1996 August 1998 (Military) Musa Shehu Administrator August 1998 May 1999 (Military) Joshua Dariye Governor 29 May 1999 18 May 2004 PDP Chris Alli Interim Administrator 18 May 2004 18 November 2004 - Joshua Dariye Governor 18 November 2004 13 November 2006 PDP Michael Botmang Governor 13 November 2006 27 April 2007 PDP Joshua Dariye Governor 27 April 2007 29 May 2007 PDP Jonah David Jang Governor 29 May 2007 29 May 2015 PDP Simon Bako Lalong Governor 29 May 2015 APC Title: Prime Minister of Canada Passage: The Canadian prime minister serves at Her Majesty's pleasure, meaning the post does not have a fixed term. Once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until he or she resigns, is dismissed, or dies. The lifespan of parliament was limited by the constitution to five years and, though the governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the writs of election prior to the date mandated by the Canada Elections Act; the King -- Byng Affair was the only time since Confederation that the governor general deemed it necessary to refuse his prime minister's request for a general vote. As of 2007, with an amendment to the Elections Act, Section 56.1 (2) was changed to limit the term of a majority government to four years, with election day being set as the third Monday in October of the fourth calendar year after the previous polling date. Title: Voting age Passage: When the right to vote was being established in democracies, the voting age was generally set at 21 or higher. In the 1970s many countries reduced the voting age to 18. Debate is ongoing in a number of countries on proposals to reduce the voting age to or below 16. Title: Imam-Quli Khan Passage: Imam-Quli Khan was the son of Allahverdi Khan (Undiladze), the celebrated Georgian general in the service of Iran’s Safavid Dynasty. Imam-Quli Khan is first mentioned as governor of Lar in Fars in 1610. He succeeded his father as governor-general (beglarbeg) of Fars in 1615, but retained his position at Lar and was granted the rank of an amir of the divan by Shah Abbas I. In 1619-20, Imam-Quli Khan oversaw Abbas’s project to link the headwaters of the Karun and Zayandarud rivers in order to enhance the water supply of his capital, Isfahan. Shah Abbas placed complete trust in Imam-Quli Khan who grew in influence and prestige and became one of the wealthiest khans of the Safavid empire. One day, Shah Abbas even jokingly said to Imam-Quli: "I request, Imam-Quli, that you will spend one dirham less per day, that there may exist some slight difference between the disbursements of a khan and a king!" Title: 2017 Virginia gubernatorial election Passage: Virginia gubernatorial election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Turnout 47.6% (voting eligible) Nominee Ralph Northam Ed Gillespie Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,409,175 1,175,731 Percentage 53.9% 45.0% Virginia gubernatorial election results map. Blue denotes counties / independent cities won by Northam. Red denotes those won by Gillespie. Northam 40 - 50% 50 - 60% 60 - 70% 70 - 80% 80 - 90% Gillespie 40 - 50% 50 - 60% 60 - 70% 70 - 80% 80 - 90% Governor before election Terry McAuliffe Democratic Elected Governor Ralph Northam Democratic Title: Governor-General of India Passage: In 1784, the Council was reduced to three members; the Governor-General continued to have both an ordinary vote and a casting vote. In 1786, the power of the Governor-General was increased even further, as Council decisions ceased to be binding. Title: Lars and the Real Girl Passage: The film, set in the American state of Wisconsin, was filmed with a US $12 million budget on location in Alton, Elora, King Township, Toronto, Uxbridge, and Whitevale, all located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Film credits include Rosalie MacKintosh as ``Bianca wrangler ''and Karly Bowen as`` assistant Bianca wrangler.'' Title: Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Passage: The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor. Title: O Brother, Where Art Thou? Passage: Charles Durning as Menelaus ``Pappy ''O'Daniel, the incumbent Governor of Mississippi. He is frequently seen berating his son and his campaign managers, who are depicted as simpletons. The character is based on Texas governor W. Lee`` Pappy'' O'Daniel. (Flensted - Jensen elaborates on the connection between the fictional and the real Pappy O'Daniel.) He corresponds to Menelaus in the Odyssey.	[ "Lars and the Real Girl", "2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election" ]
When did the currencies of the country whose TLD is .mz first come into circulation?	16 June 1980	[]	Title: History of the United States dollar Passage: United States silver certificates were a type of representative money printed from 1878 to 1964 in the United States as part of its circulation of paper currency. They were produced in response to silver agitation by citizens who were angered by the Fourth Coinage Act, and were used alongside the gold - based dollar notes. The silver certificates were initially redeemable in the same face value of silver dollar coins, and later in raw silver bullion. Title: Mozambican metical Passage: The metical (MZM) replaced the escudo at par on 16 June 1980. It was divided into 100 centavos. The metical underwent severe inflation. After the revaluation of the Romanian leu, the metical briefly became the least valued currency unit, at a value of about 24,500 meticais per USD, until the Zimbabwean dollar took the title in late August 2005. Title: Large denominations of United States currency Passage: The Federal Reserve began taking high - denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. As of May 30, 2009, only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills. Due to their rarity, collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world. Title: In God We Trust Passage: ``In God We Trust ''first appeared on the two - cent piece in 1864 and has appeared on paper currency since 1957. A law passed in a Joint Resolution by the 84th Congress (P.L. 84 - 140) and approved by President Dwight Eisenhower on July 30, 1956, declared`` In God We Trust'' must appear on American currency. This phrase was first used on paper money in 1957, when it appeared on the one - dollar silver certificate. The first paper currency bearing the phrase entered circulation on October 1, 1957. The 84th Congress later passed legislation (P.L. 84 - 851), also signed by President Eisenhower on July 30, 1956, declaring the phrase to be the national motto. Title: 1997 Asian financial crisis Passage: The crisis started in Thailand (known in Thailand as the Tom Yum Goong crisis; Thai: วิกฤตต้มยำกุ้ง) with the financial collapse of the Thai baht after the Thai government was forced to float the baht due to lack of foreign currency to support its currency peg to the U.S. dollar. Capital flight ensued, beginning an international chain reaction. At the time, Thailand had acquired a burden of foreign debt that made the country effectively bankrupt even before the collapse of its currency. As the crisis spread, most of Southeast Asia and Japan saw slumping currencies, devalued stock markets and other asset prices, and a precipitous rise in private debt.Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand were the countries most affected by the crisis. Hong Kong, Laos, Malaysia and the Philippines were also hurt by the slump. Brunei, China, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam were less affected, although all suffered from a loss of demand and confidence throughout the region. Japan was also affected, though less significantly. Title: Should I Come Home (Or Should I Go Crazy) Passage: "Should I Come Home (Or Should I Go Crazy)" is a song written by Joe Allen, and recorded by American country music artist Gene Watson. It was released in September 1979 as the first single from the album "Should I Come Home". The song reached #3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: .mz Passage: .mz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mozambique. Registrations are at the third level beneath the second-level names co.mz, net.mz, org.mz, ac.mz, gov.mz and edu.mz. Title: Bank of Sierra Leone Passage: The Bank of Sierra Leone is the central bank of Sierra Leone. It issues the country's currency, known as the Leone. The bank formulates and implements monetary policy, including foreign exchange. Title: Ernst Degner Passage: Ernst Degner (born Ernst Eugen Wotzlawek on 22 September 1931 in Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia, Germany - died 10 September 1983 in Arona, Tenerife, Spain) was a German professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. Degner was noted for defecting to the West in 1961, taking MZ's tuning techniques to Suzuki, and winning Suzuki's first Grand Prix championship in 1962. Title: Reserve currency Passage: The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. Thus, as a currency becomes less stable, or its economy becomes less dominant, bankers may over time abandon it for a currency issued by a larger or more stable economy. This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. For example, it took many years after the United States overtook the United Kingdom as the world's largest economy before the dollar overtook the pound sterling as the dominant global reserve currency. In 1944, when the US dollar was chosen as the world reference currency at Bretton Woods, it was only the second currency in global reserves. Title: Florin (British coin) Passage: Florins (usually dated 1947 or later) remained in circulation after Decimal Day. In 1987, following a study of the currency, the Thatcher government announced its intent to issue a new ten pence piece, reduced in size. A smaller ten pence piece was issued in 1992, after which the old florin was demonetised on 30 June 1993. The florin, the first decimal coin, was the last coin in general circulation just prior to decimalisation to be withdrawn. Title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar Passage: The dollar (currency code TTD) is the currency of Trinidad and Tobago. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively TT $to distinguish it from other dollar - denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents. Its predecessor currencies are the Trinidadian dollar and the Tobagan dollar.	[ ".mz", "Mozambican metical" ]
How many students are in the public schools of the US city filming live with Kelly and the person getting the manager job in the office?	1.1 million	[ "1 million", "million" ]	Title: Boston Public Passage: Boston Public is an American drama television series created by David E. Kelley and broadcast on Fox. Set in Boston, the series centers on Winslow High School, a fictional public high school in the Boston Public Schools district. It features a large ensemble cast and focuses on the work and private lives of the various teachers, students, and administrators at the school. It aired from October 2000 to January 2004. Its slogan was "Every day is a fight. For respect. For dignity. For sanity." Title: Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools Passage: The school was designed for 4200 students, which can be filled by students within a nine-block radius. The schools cost $578 million to build, making it the most expensive public school in the United States. Title: Bermuda Passage: Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players. Title: New York City Passage: The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools. The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students. Title: Marietta City School District Passage: The Marietta City School District is a public school district that serves students in grades K-12 who live in and around Marietta, a city in Washington County, Ohio, United States. The district has four elementary schools (Harmar, Phillips, Putnam, and Washington), one middle school (Marietta Middle School), and one high school (Marietta High School), and serves the communities of Marietta, Reno, Devola, Harmar, and Oak Grove. Title: The Manager and the Salesman Passage: As Michael sets up his desk at the sales section, Dwight (Rainn Wilson) calls a meeting with Ryan (B.J. Novak) to think of ways to take Jim down. Ryan angers Dwight with his tardiness and The Lord of the Rings references. They ultimately try getting Nick, the new IT worker, to give them Jim's computer password, but he refuses. Meanwhile, Michael has a difficult time adjusting back to sales, particularly since he can no longer command Erin's services and is exposed to Phyllis's noxious flatulence, a side effect of her new allergy medication. He confides to Jim that he wants the manager job back and they both tell Jo. While frustrated by their fickleness, she allows them to switch. Michael and Erin celebrate his return to his office, and Dwight taunts Jim about his demotion. In a return to his old ways, Jim dips Dwight's tie in his coffee as Pam grins. Title: Perth Amboy Technical High School Passage: Perth Amboy Technical High School (also known as MCVTS at Perth Amboy, Perth Amboy Tech and Perth Amboy Campus) is a four-year career academy and college preparatory magnet public high school for students in ninth through twelfth grades located in Perth Amboy in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Middlesex County Vocational and Technical Schools. The school serves students of many diverse cultures from all over Middlesex County. Title: Webb St. School Passage: Webb Street School is a public school in the Gaston County Schools school district and is located in Gastonia, North Carolina, United States. Webb Street serves students ages 5-22 with intellectual disabilities. The school's instructional program follows the North Carolina Standard Course of Study. In addition, students are instructed within Gaston County through the Community Based Training program. Kelli Howe is the principal Title: Live with Kelly and Ryan Passage: The show is broadcast live from New York City, on weekdays at 9 a.m. for stations in the Eastern Time Zone, and is tape - delayed for the rest of the country. Although the program is generally associated with the ABC network and airs on all ABC owned - and - operated stations, in many markets the program is syndicated to stations affiliated with other networks. Live did not air in a morning timeslot on all ABC - owned stations until September 2013, as WLS Chicago programmed the 9 a.m. timeslot with The Oprah Winfrey Show as the originating station for the program in the 1980s, then Windy City Live after the end of Oprah, while the New York - based Live had aired on The CW affiliate WGN since 2002 (although WLS had carried the show in an overnight timeslot earlier in its run). Title: QUT Business School Passage: The QUT Business School is one of six faculties at the Queensland University of Technology. It is home to the QUT Graduate School of Business, as well as four-discipline focused schools; the School of Accountancy, the School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, the School of Economics and Finance, and the School of Management. In 2015, the QUT Business School had enrolled a total of 8,971 students across the faculty, including 2,962 international students. Title: 10 Things I Hate About You Passage: 10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Gil Junger and starring Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Joseph Gordon - Levitt, and Larisa Oleynik. The screenplay, written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith, is a modernization of William Shakespeare's late - 16th century comedy The Taming of the Shrew, retold in a late - 1990s American high school setting. In the story, new student Cameron (Gordon - Levitt) is smitten with Bianca (Oleynik) and, in order to get around her father's strict rules on dating, attempts to get bad boy Patrick (Ledger) to date Bianca's ill - tempered sister, Kat (Stiles). The film is titled after a poem written by Kat about her bittersweet romance with Patrick. Much of the filming took place in the Seattle metropolitan area, with many scenes shot at Stadium High School in Tacoma. Title: Victoria (Australia) Passage: As of August 2010, Victoria had 1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools. Over 61 per cent of private students attend Catholic schools. More than 462,000 students were enrolled in primary schools and more than 390,000 in secondary schools. Retention rates for the final two years of secondary school were 77 per cent for public school students and 90 per cent for private school students. Victoria has about 63,519 full-time teachers.	[ "The Manager and the Salesman", "New York City", "Live with Kelly and Ryan" ]
When did Muslim armies invade the country where Al-Mu'tamid's successor was a citizen and the country home to Al-Sabboura?	in 634	[]	Title: Al-Sabboura Passage: Al-Sabboura () is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Sabboura had a population of 10,969 in the 2004 census. Title: Mu'nis al-Fahl Passage: Under al-Mu'tadid he served as commander of the caliph's personal guard and led various expeditions against Bedouins and other restive elements in Iraq, while al-Muqtafi dispatched him in 906 against the Qarmatians. After al-Muqtafi's death, he played a decisive role in the suppression of the palace coup that briefly deposed al-Muqtadir in favour of Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz. He was then named treasurer ("khazin") and chief of security ("sahib al-shurta") to the Caliph. He died in 914. Title: Muslim conquest of the Levant Passage: The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْإٍسْـلَامِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - Islāmiyyuash - Shām) or Arab conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْـعَـرَبِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - ʿArabiyyu Lish - Shām) occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the conquest of the region known as the Levant or Shaam (Arabic: شَـام ‎, 'Syria'), later to become the Islamic Province of Bilad al - Sham, as part of the Islamic conquests. Arab Muslim forces had appeared on the southern borders even before the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, resulting in the Battle of Mu'tah in 629, but the real invasion began in 634 under his successors, the Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab, with Khalid ibn al - Walid as their most important military leader. Title: Al-Mu'tadid Passage: Al-Mu'tadid was the son of al-Muwaffaq, who was the regent and effective ruler of the Abbasid state during the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. As a prince, the future al-Mu'tadid served under his father during various military campaigns, most notably in the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion, in which he played a major role. When al-Muwaffaq died in June 891 al-Mu'tadid succeeded him as regent. He quickly sidelined his cousin and heir-apparent al-Mufawwad, and when al-Mu'tamid died in October 892, he succeeded to the throne. Like his father, al-Mu'tadid's power depended on his close relations with the army. These were first forged during the campaigns against the Zanj and were reinforced in later expeditions which the Caliph led in person: al-Mu'tadid would prove to be the most militarily active of all Abbasid caliphs. Through his energy and ability, he succeeded in restoring to the Abbasid state some of the power and provinces it had lost during the turmoil of the previous decades.	[ "Mu'nis al-Fahl", "Muslim conquest of the Levant", "Al-Mu'tadid", "Al-Sabboura" ]
What genre is Kayne credited for creating with his shift away from the genre DVS Mindz is known for?	gangsta rap	[ "Gangsta rap" ]	Title: Andrey Dashkov Passage: Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism. Title: Bob Kames Passage: Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song "Dance Little Bird," which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame. Title: Big Freedia Passage: Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s. Title: Utrecht Caravaggism Passage: The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's "niche paintings" (a genre popularized by Honthorst). Title: There Goes My Everything (song) Passage: ``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967) Title: Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song) Passage: ``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004) Title: Kanye West Passage: West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it "highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative." Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, "establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]", and called him "as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up." His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing. Title: Post-punk Passage: Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre. Title: Ayerdhal Passage: Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; "Transparences", "Resurgences" and "Rainbow Warriors" play with various genres. "Rainbow Warriors" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for "Transparences" and in 1993 for his novel "Demain une oasis". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel "Étoiles mourantes". He also received an award for his novel "Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé" and two for "Transparences", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors. Title: Trebol Clan Passage: Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008). Title: Drift Away Passage: ``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973) Title: DVS Mindz Passage: DVS Mindz was an underground rap music group from Topeka, Kansas that was active primarily from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. The group's name stands for Dope Versatile Styles Manifested IN a Direction to Zucceed. The group's classic lineup consisted of four MCs: Str8jakkett, Killa The Hun, D.O.P.E., DL; and a DJ, Kutaculous. The group's sound was sparse, with raw beats and furious, nonstop rhyming from all members. While the group had very catchy material, many of its songs featured no chorus, just a sparse beat and verse after verse from the MCs. The group's lyrics were packed with inside jokes, mythology, pop-culture references, puns, numerology, religion, violence, and obscure references to the group's history. Each member also had alter egos and pseudonyms, and they sometimes rapped in those voices (For example, Str8Jakkett had another alter ego known as "Rex"). During its decade-long career, DVS Mindz released one critically acclaimed CD, and opened for a number of notable rap acts, including Run DMC, Wu Tang Clan, Sugarhill Gang, Redman, De La Soul, Digital Underground, Das EFX, Black Sheep, and Goodie Mob.	[ "Kanye West", "DVS Mindz" ]
How does one become a justice of the peace in the country where Ladang is located?	appointed by the President of the Republic of Singapore	[ "Republic of Singapore", "Singapore" ]	Title: Roger Etchegaray Passage: Etchegaray served as the archbishop of Marseille from 1970 to 1985 before entering the Roman Curia, where he served as President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (1984–1998) and President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum (1984–1995). He was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1979. Title: Justice of the peace Passage: A justice of the peace in Singapore derives his powers from statute law. He is appointed by the President of the Republic of Singapore, under the provisions of section 11 (l) of the Subordinate Courts Act (Cap. 321). The President may revoke the appointment of any justice of the peace. A newly appointed justice of the peace is required by section 17 of the Subordinate Courts Act, to take the oath of office and allegiance as set out in the schedule to the Subordinate Courts Act, before exercising the functions of his office. Title: Ladang Passage: Ladang (Chinese: 拉当) is an area on the Western side of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. It houses a jetty which services ferries that travel between Pulau Tekong and Singapore main island as well as Ladang Camp which consists of CCO Pulau Tekong, Basic Military Training Centre Headquarters (HQ BMTC) as well as Basic Military Training Centres (BMTC) Schools 1, 2 and 3 of the Singapore Armed Forces.	[ "Ladang", "Justice of the peace" ]
In which district is Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh in the city where Ali Dehbashi was born?	Qaleh Now Rural District	[]	Title: Qaleh Jiq-e Bozorg Passage: Qaleh Jiq-e Bozorg (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Jīq-e Bozorg and Qal‘eh-ye Jīq Bozorg; also known as Qal‘eh Chīq Bozorg, Qal‘eh Jīn-e Bozorg, and Qal’eh Jīq-e-Bālā) is a village in Jafarbay-ye Sharqi Rural District, Gomishan District, Torkaman County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,111, in 233 families. Title: Qaleh-ye Molla Hoseyn Ali Passage: Qaleh-ye Molla Hoseyn Ali (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Mollā Ḩoseyn ‘Alī) is a village in Farmeshkhan Rural District, in the Central District of Kavar County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 14 families. Title: Saif Ali Janjua Passage: Naik Saif Ali Janjua Pakistan Army Azad Kashmir Regiment (Haider Dil Battalion) was a platoon commander during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. He received the Hilal-e-Kashmir from the government of Azad Kashmir, which is equal to Nishan-e-Haider, the highest military award given by Pakistan, and now declared as Nishan-e-Haider . He fought in the Kashmir sector during the 1948 War and was killed during the siege of Budha Khanna. Title: Bogotá Passage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country. Title: Cheshmeh Barqi Passage: Cheshmeh Barqi (, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Barqī; also known as ‘Alīābād-e Cheshmeh Barqī) is a village in Qaleh-ye Mozaffari Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 92, in 19 families. Title: Baranya County (former) Passage: Baranya (, , / "Baranja", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs. Title: Birth house of Anton Chekhov Passage: The Birth house of Anton Chekhov is the place in Taganrog, Russia, where the famous writer Anton Chekhov was born. It is now a writer's house museum. The outbuilding on the territory of a property on Chekhov Street (formerly Kupecheskaya Street, later Alexandrovskaya Street, and renamed in honor of Chekhov in 1904, soon after his death) in Taganrog was built in 1859 of wattle and daub, plastered and whitened. The area taken up by the small outbuilding is 30.5 sq. meters. The house and grounds were owned by the merchant Gnutov in 1860, and by the petit bourgeois Kovalenko in 1880-1915. Title: Ali Dehbashi Passage: He is also the chief editor of Bukhara magazine, a periodical magazine on arts and culture in Persian published in Tehran. Title: Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran Passage: Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Now-e Khāleṣeh; also known as Qal‘eh Now, Qal‘eh Now-e Ghār, and Qal‘eh-ye Nowghār) is a village in Qaleh Now Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,718, in 1,195 families. The village is the seat of Qaleh Now District, established on 16 September 2012 and Qaleh Now Rural District. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Ali ebn-e Sahl mausoleum Passage: The Ali ebn-e Sahl mausoleum is a historical mausoleum in Isfahan, Iran. The mystic Abolhassan Ali ebn-e Sahl Azhar Esfahani lived in the era of the Al-Mu'tadid, the Abbasid caliph. He had a khanqah and a school in the north of the Toghchi cemetery. He died in 894 in Isfahan and was buried in his khanqah. Title: Kushk-e Khaleseh-ye Bala Passage: Kushk-e Khaleseh-ye Bala (, also Romanized as Kūshk-e Khāleşeh-ye Bālā and Kūshk-e Khāleseh Bālā; also known as Kūshk-e Bālā) is a village in Lajran Rural District, in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 692, in 200 families.	[ "Ali Dehbashi", "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran" ]
In WW I on what side was the country that is separated by the Rhine river from the country where the Detlef Bothe scenes were shot in the film Spectre?	Switzerland was neutral	[ "Switzerland", "Swiss", "CH" ]	Title: Viktor Dankl von Krasnik Passage: Viktor Julius Ignaz Ferdinand Graf Dankl von Krásnik (Born as Viktor Dankl; 18 September 18548 January 1941) was a highly decorated Austro-Hungarian officer who reached the pinnacle of his service during World War I with promotion to the rare rank of Colonel General ("Generaloberst"). His successful career met an abrupt end in 1916 due to both his performance on the Italian front and health issues. After the war he would be a vocal apologist for both his country's war record and the dethroned Habsburg monarchy. Title: I Can't Stop Loving You Passage: ``I Ca n't Stop Loving You ''is a popular song written and composed by country singer, songwriter and musician Don Gibson, who first recorded it on December 30, 1957, for RCA Victor Records. It was released in 1958 as the B - side of`` Oh, Lonesome Me'', becoming a double - sided country hit single. Title: Spectre (2015 film) Passage: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras. Title: Portugal Passage: Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Title: Vladimir Kurdyumov Passage: Kurdyumov served in the Red Army since 1918 in World War I and the Russian Civil War. He graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1925 and served as military attaché in the Baltic countries. From August 1931 Kurdyumov was a commander and commissar of the 25th Rifle Division. Title: Ludwig Bieringer Passage: Ludwig Bieringer (1892–1975) was a German general during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II. Title: Han shot first Passage: For the film's 2004 DVD release, the scene was altered again, with new timing so that the shots are fired at nearly the same time and so that Solo dodges Greedo's shot. In an article titled ``The Star Wars George Lucas Does n't Want You To See '', The Atlantic summarized that`` (i) n the original versions... it's clear that Han Solo pulled out his gun and shot the bounty hunter Greedo. In the 1997 version, Greedo shoots first. In the 2004 version, they shoot at the same time.'' Title: Léon Bourjade Passage: Léon Bourjade (25 May 1889 – 22 October 1924), born Jean-Pierre Léon Bourjade, was a leading French fighter pilot in World War I, notable for being his country's leading balloon-busting ace. He interrupted his theological studies to fight in World War I; post-war, he completed his studies and spent the few remaining years of his life as a missionary in what is now Papua New Guinea. Title: Rhine Passage: By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell to the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th century; Holland remained contentious territory throughout the European wars of religion and the eventual collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, when the length of the Rhine fell to the First French Empire and its client states. The Alsace on the left banks of the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and eventually fell to France in the Thirty Years' War. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route. Title: Bern Passage: A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International. Title: Rhine Passage: Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal). Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the river Aare. The Alpine Rhine begins in the most western part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East. Title: Punta Malpelo Passage: Punta Malpelo is a point in Peru near the border with Ecuador. It was a significant scene during the Gran Colombia-Peru War, because on August 31, 1828 was the site of the Battle of Punta Malpelo, where the Peruvian corvette "Libertad" sustained a naval encounter with the Gran Colombian ships "Pichincha" and "Guayaquileña" with high casualties on both sides.	[ "Bern", "Rhine", "Spectre (2015 film)" ]
In what year was the company that owns the publisher of Darkworld Detective formed?	2001	[]	Title: Darkworld Detective Passage: Darkworld Detective is a collection of science fantasy stories written by J. Michael Reaves, published as a paperback original by Bantam Books in 1982. The linked stories feature protagonist, a detective on the planet Ja-Lur. An authorized sequel, "The Black Hole of Carcosa", was written by John Shirley and published by Pocket Books in 1988. Title: Bantam Books Passage: Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann; it became part of Random House in 1998, when Bertelsmann purchased it to form Bantam Doubleday Dell. It began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions. Title: Random House Passage: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.	[ "Random House", "Bantam Books", "Darkworld Detective" ]
When did the civil war start in the country where Guazapa is located?	October 15, 1979	[]	Title: Guazapa (volcano) Passage: Guazapa is a stratovolcano in central El Salvador. Guazapa volcano an eroded basaltic stratovolcano 23 km NE of San Salvador city. It is not known whether the Pleistocene volcano is still active. It shows signs of intense erosion that have cut deep valleys into its flanks, suggesting a very long dormancy period, and there is no crater morphology left. Title: United States Army Special Forces Passage: U.S. Army Special Forces 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) combat service identification badge Active 19 June 1952 -- present Country United States of America Branch United States Army Type Special operations force Role Primary missions: Unconventional warfare Foreign internal defense Special reconnaissance Direct action Counter-terrorism Other roles: Counter-proliferation Counter-insurgency Hostage rescue Information operations Humanitarian missions Counter-narcotics Security forces assistance Part of 1st Special Forces Command Headquarters Fort Bragg, North Carolina Nickname (s) Green Berets, Quiet Professionals, Soldier - Diplomats, Snake Eaters, Bearded Bastards Motto (s) De Oppresso Liber Color of Beret Rifle - green Engagements World War II Korean War Cold War Laotian Civil War Dominican Civil War Vietnam War Salvadoran Civil War Operation Urgent Fury Operation Just Cause Gulf War Somali Civil War Operation Restore Hope Operation Uphold Democracy Bosnian War Kosovo War War On Terror Operation Enduring Freedom Iraq War War in North - West Pakistan Operation Inherent Resolve Operation Freedom's Sentinel Lord's Resistance Army insurgency Operation Atlantic Resolve Website www.army.mil/usasoc/ Title: Salvadoran Civil War Passage: The Salvadoran Civil War was a conflict between the military - led government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), a coalition or ``umbrella organization ''of several left - wing groups. A coup on October 15, 1979, led to the killings of anti-coup protesters by the government as well as anti-disorder protesters by the guerrillas, and is widely seen as the tipping point toward civil war.	[ "Guazapa (volcano)", "Salvadoran Civil War" ]
In 2018, who was the minister of the state where Bendebembli is located?	H.D. Kumaraswamy	[]	Title: Prime minister Passage: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president. Title: Government of Karnataka Passage: Government of Karnataka The state of India Seat of Government Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore Executive Governor Vajubhai Vala Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy Deputy Chief Minister G. Parameshwara Legislature Assembly Karnataka State Assembly Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar Members in Assembly 224 Council Karnataka Legislative Council Chairman D.H. Shankaramurthy Members in Council 75 Judiciary High Court Karnataka High Court Chief Justice Dinesh Maheshwari Title: Bendebembli Passage: Bendebembli, is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Bendebembli is under the Shahapur Taluka of Yadgir district in Karnataka. It lies on the left (east) bank of the Krishna River. Bendebembli is 10 km by road southeast of the village of Tumkur and 40 km by road south of the town of Yadgir. The nearest rail station is Chegunda Station and the nearest railhead is in Yadgir.	[ "Government of Karnataka", "Bendebembli" ]
When did the country whose military force attacked Pearl Harbor give up trying to recapture Henderson Field?	February 1943	[]	Title: Pacific War Passage: With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition on land, at sea, and in the sky. Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in numerous engagements with the Allied air forces based at Henderson Field as well as carrier based aircraft. Meanwhile, Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field, in which they suffered appalling casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the "Tokyo Express" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces in which they expended destroyers that the IJN could ill-afford to lose. Later fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as "Ironbottom Sound" from the multitude of ships sunk on both sides. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. Finally recognizing that the campaign to recapture Henderson Field and secure Guadalcanal had simply become too costly to continue, the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943. In the sixth month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time. Title: Battle of Wake Island Passage: The Battle of Wake Island began simultaneously with the attack on Pearl Harbor naval and air bases in Hawaii and ended on 23 December 1941, with the surrender of the American forces to the Empire of Japan. It was fought on and around the atoll formed by Wake Island and its minor islets of Peale and Wilkes Islands by the air, land, and naval forces of the Japanese Empire against those of the United States, with Marines playing a prominent role on both sides. Title: United States Army Passage: The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.	[ "United States Army", "Pacific War" ]
What is the new tallest building in the city where Alexander Drankov died?	Salesforce Tower	[ "Transbay Tower" ]	Title: The Kitahama Passage: The Kitahama is a residential building in Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan. Rising 209m tall, it is the fourth tallest building in Osaka Prefecture, and the 22nd tallest building in Japan. It is also the tallest residential building in Japan. The closest train station to it is Kitahama Station. Title: List of tallest buildings in Xiamen Passage: This list of tallest buildings in Xiamen ranks skyscrapers in the southeastern coastal city of Xiamen, China by height. Xiamen is sub-provincial city under Fujian province it became one of China's earliest Special Economic Zones in the 1980s. The tallest building in Xiamen is currently Xiamen International Centre which rises 339.88 m. Title: Salesforce Tower Passage: Salesforce Tower, formerly known as the Transbay Tower, is a 1,070 - foot (326 m) office skyscraper under construction in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. It is located at 415 Mission Street between First and Fremont Streets, next to the Transbay Transit Center site. Salesforce Tower is the centerpiece of the San Francisco Transbay redevelopment plan. The plan contains a mix of office, transportation, retail, and residential uses. When completed, the tower will be the tallest in San Francisco. With a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m) and an overall height of 1,070 feet (326 m), it will be the second - tallest building west of the Mississippi River after the Wilshire Grand Center in Los Angeles. Title: 270 Park Avenue Passage: 270 Park Avenue (also known as the JPMorgan Chase Tower and formerly the Union Carbide Building) is a high-rise office building located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by Gordon Bunshaft and Natalie de Blois for Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. 270 Park Avenue was built between 1957 and 1960, and is tall. The building is expected to be demolished between 2019 and 2020, making it the tallest voluntarily demolished building in the world, overtaking the current record holder Singer Building that was demolished in 1968. Title: Hoftoren Passage: The Hoftoren (, "Court Tower"), nicknamed "De Vulpen" (, "The Fountain Pen") is a 29-storey, building in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the third-tallest building in the city, and the eighth-tallest in the country. The Hoftoren was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) in New York City, and built by Heijmans Bouw BV, and is home to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Netherlands) (the latter having taken up temporary residence in the Hoftoren in 2012) of the Netherlands. Title: Alexander Drankov Passage: We know about this period of Drankov’s life from contradictory accounts of his acquaintances. He first tried to make profit by selling jewellery in Kiev, then moved to Yalta and began shooting pornographic films. In November 1920, he emigrated to Constantinople, where he made his living by either organizing cockroach racing events, according to one account, or by film distribution and maintaining an amusement park, according to another account. In 1922, Drankov moved to the United States of America, where he would buy a mobile cinema projector and show films to Russian immigrants. In 1927, he made an attempt to return to film-making business, but his intention to shoot a major film about a love affair between Nicholas II and ballerina Mathilde Kschessinska turned out to be a failure. After his unsuccessful attempt to gain a foothold in Hollywood, Alexander Drankov opened a café in Venice, California, but soon moved to San Francisco, where he would work in his own photo company until his death on 3 January 1949 in San Francisco. He is buried in Colma, California. Title: 1717 Broadway Passage: 1717 Broadway is a skyscraper located in Manhattan, New York City, United States. At 750 feet high, it is the tallest hotel in North America. The building contains two hotels, the Courtyard New York Manhattan/Central Park and the Residence Inn New York Manhattan/Central Park, with a total of 639 rooms. The glass-clad building is located on the Northwest corner of 54th Street and Broadway. Title: Melbourne Passage: Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed. Title: 3300 North Central Avenue Passage: 3300 North Central Avenue (also known as 3300 Tower) is a high-rise located along Central Avenue in Uptown Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The tower rises 27 floors and in height. Designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, 3300 North Central Avenue was built in 1980. Upon completion, it stood as the fourth-tallest building in Phoenix and the tallest building outside of Downtown Phoenix. Today, it stands as the 12th-tallest building in the city. Title: Miami Passage: Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design. The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower. Title: Master Apartments Passage: The Master Apartments, officially known as the Master Building, is a landmark 27-story Art Deco skyscraper at 310 Riverside Drive, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. It sits on the northeast corner of Riverside Drive and West 103rd Street. The Master Apartments is one of the city's first mixed-use structures as well as the tallest building on Riverside Drive. It was the first skyscraper in New York City to feature corner windows and the first to employ brick in varying colors for its entire exterior. Title: Philadelphia City Hall Passage: At 548 ft (167 m), including the statue of city founder William Penn atop its tower, City Hall was the tallest habitable building in the world from 1894 to 1908. It remained the tallest in Pennsylvania until it was surpassed in 1932 by the Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh. It was the tallest in Philadelphia until 1986 when the construction of One Liberty Place surpassed it, ending the informal gentlemen's agreement that had limited the height of buildings in the city to no higher than the Penn statue.	[ "Salesforce Tower", "Alexander Drankov" ]
What leader sponsored the expedition that discovered the country where Fontainhas is located?	Prince Henry the Navigator	[]	Title: Middle Ages Passage: In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island. Title: Fontainhas Passage: Fontainhas is a settlement in the northern part of the island of Santo Antão, Cape Verde. It is situated near the rocky north coast of the island, 2 km southwest of Ponta do Sol and 19 km north of the island capital Porto Novo. The settlement includes the smaller villages Corvo and Forminguinhas, about 1 km west of Fontainhas proper. Title: Rosenthal Islands Passage: The Rosenthal Islands are a group of islands fringing the west coast of Anvers Island, north of Cape Monaco, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The largest of them is Gerlache Island. Discovered by the German expedition 1873-74, under Dallmann, and named by him for Albert Rosenthal, Director of the Society for Polar Navigation who, with the society, sponsored the expedition.	[ "Middle Ages", "Fontainhas" ]
What is the place of death for the person who became leader of Europe's larges country by square miles after it collapsed after the Russian revolution?	Moscow	[ "Moscow, Russia" ]	Title: Naina Yeltsina Passage: Naina Yeltsina was rarely seen in public. She accompanied her husband on some of his foreign visits, including 1997 visits to Sweden, Finland, and a 1999 visit to China. As a rule, Naina Yeltsina never interfered in her husband's political work. However, in the 1996 election campaign, she met with voters and gave interviews to the media. A major public appearance was the state funeral of her late husband in Moscow in April 2007. Title: List of European countries by area Passage: Rank Country Area (km2) Notes Russia * 3,972,400 17,098,242 including North Asia Ukraine 603,628 This includes Crimea France * 551,394 643,801 when the overseas departments are included Spain * 498,468 505,992 when the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are included Sweden 449,964 6 Norway 385,178 This includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen 7 Germany 357,168 8 Finland 338,145 9 Poland 312,685 10 Italy 301,338 11 United Kingdom 248,532 1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included. 12 Romania 238,392 13 Belarus 207,600 14 Kazakhstan * 180,000 (est.) 2,724,902 including Asian part 15 Greece 131,940 16 Bulgaria 110,994 17 Iceland 102,775 18 Hungary 93,030 19 Portugal 91,568 20 Austria 83,858 21 Czech Republic 78,866 22 Serbia 77,453 This excludes Kosovo 23 Ireland 70,273 24 Lithuania 65,300 25 Latvia 64,589 26 Croatia 56,594 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 28 Slovakia 49,036 29 Estonia 45,339 30 Denmark 44,493 This includes Faroe Islands; 2,210,579 including Greenland 31 Switzerland 41,290 32 Netherlands 41,198 Excluding Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten. 33 Moldova 33,846 34 Belgium 30,510 35 Albania 28,748 36 Macedonia (Former Yugoslavian Republic) 25,713 37 Turkey * 23,507 783,562 including Asian part 38 Slovenia 20,273 39 Montenegro 13,812 40 Kosovo 10,908 Partially recognized state 41 Cyprus 9,251 42 Azerbaijan * 6,960 86,600 including Asian part 43 Luxembourg 2,586 44 Georgia * 2,428 69,700 including Asian part 45 Andorra 468 46 Malta 316 47 Liechtenstein 160 48 San Marino 61 49 Monaco 1.95 50 Vatican City 0.44 Total 10,141,183 ± 5,000 Title: Russian Revolution Passage: The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). Alongside it arose grassroots community assemblies (called 'soviets') which contended for authority. In the second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was given to the soviets. Title: History of Russia (1991–present) Passage: Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin had been elected President of Russia in June 1991 in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. This ensured that Yeltsin would be the political leader of the Russian successor state following dissolution. This situation resulted in political turmoil as the Soviet and Russian leadership wrestled for control, which culminated in the 1991 August Putsch, where the Soviet military attempted to overthrow Gorbachev. Although the coup was ultimately averted, this situation contributed to rising instability in the Soviet Union. By October 1991, as the USSR was on the verge of collapse, Yeltsin announced that Russia would proceed with radical reforms, including market - oriented reform along the lines of Poland's ``big bang '', also known as`` shock therapy''.	[ "History of Russia (1991–present)", "Naina Yeltsina", "Russian Revolution", "List of European countries by area" ]
When was the band that performed Carnival established?	1978	[]	Title: Carnival Passage: The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song." The Carnival took an organized form in 1991; in 1994, Strumica became a member of FECC and in 1998 hosted the XVIII International Congress of Carnival Cities. The Strumica Carnival opens on a Saturday night at a masked ball where the Prince and Princess are chosen; the main Carnival night is on Tuesday, when masked participants (including groups from abroad) compete in various subjects. As of 2000, the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms has been held as part of Strumica's Carnival celebrations. Title: Carnival (EP) Passage: Carnival is a dance music EP by Duran Duran, originally released in various markets around the world in September 1982 by EMI. Title: Carnival Passage: During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades. Title: Se Armo la Moña en Carnaval Passage: Se Armo la Moña en Carnaval ("The Party is Started in Carnival") is the twenty first studio album by Colombian musician singer-songwriter Joe Arroyo, released by Discos Fuentes on May 10, 2005. The album is innovative for Arroyo's music, because the song "Reggaeson Son Son" is a Reggaeton and alludes to the Carnival of Barranquilla. Title: Carnival Passage: In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kunstnerkarneval" and "Karneval in Paris". The following year, Svendsens Festpolonaise was written for the opening procession. Edvard Grieg attended and wrote "aus dem Karneval" (folkelivsbilleder Op. 19). Since 1988, the student organization Tårnseilerne has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo, with masks, costumes and processions after attending an opera performance. The Carnival season also includes Fastelavens søndag (with cream buns) and fastelavensris with decorated branches. Title: Ivan Moody Passage: Ivan L. Moody (born Ivan Lewis Greening), (born January 7, 1980) known by the pseudonym Ghost during his time with Motograter, is the lead vocalist for American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. He had performed for several bands before settling down with Five Finger Death Punch (often abbreviated to FFDP or 5FDP). As an actor, he also starred in the films Bled as Incubus, and The Devil's Carnival as the hobo clown. Title: Trinidad and Tobago Carnival Passage: The Mas tradition started in the late 18th century with French plantation owners organizing masquerades (mas) and balls before enduring the fasting of Lent. The slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called ``Canboulay ''. Canboulay (from the French cannes brulées, meaning burnt cane) is a precursor to Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, and has played an important role in the development of the music of Trinidad and Tobago. Title: Stanislaus County Fair Passage: The Stanislaus County Fair, located in Turlock, California, opens every year in mid-July. It is the largest event in Stanislaus County. For 10 days, more than 220,000 visitors will pass through the turnstiles onto the fairgrounds. There are nightly celebrity concerts, performances on five stages, and over 30 food concessionaires. The fair shows over 30,000 local talent exhibits, over 1,750 animals, and more than 35 carnival rides. Title: Calypso Carnival Passage: Calypso Carnival is an album by Harry Belafonte, released by RCA Records in 1971. This was Belafonte's fifth and final Calypso album. Title: Duran Duran Passage: Duran Duran () are an English new wave band formed in Birmingham in 1978. The band were one of the most successful acts of the 1980s, but by the end of the decade, membership and music style changes challenged the band before a resurgence in the early 1990s. The group were a leading band in the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US in the 1980s. They achieved 14 singles in the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart and 21 in the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and have sold over 100 million records worldwide. Title: Carnival Passage: The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday. In Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent. In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands, the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11/11 (often at 11:11 a.m.). This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day. Title: The Boors Passage: The Boors, also known as "The Cantankerous Men" (Venetian: "I rusteghi"), is a comedy by Carlo Goldoni. It was first performed at the San Luca theatre of Venice towards the end of the Carnival in 1760. It was published in 1762. The 'boors' are four merchants of Venice, who represent the old conservative, puritanical tradition of the Venetian middle classes, who are pitted against Venice's "new frivolity".	[ "Duran Duran", "Carnival (EP)" ]
Who was the place where Badia Polyptych can be found designed by?	Giorgio Vasari	[ "Buontalenti", "Alfonso Parigi", "Vasari", "vasari", "Bernardo Buontalenti" ]	Title: Badia Polyptych Passage: The Badia Polyptych (Italian: "Polittico di Badia") is a painting by the Italian artist Giotto, painted around 1300 and housed in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence. Title: Uffizi Passage: The building of Uffizi complex was begun by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 for Cosimo I de' Medici so as to accommodate the offices of the Florentine magistrates, hence the name , "offices". The construction was later continued by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti; it was completed in 1581. The top floor was made into a gallery for the family and their guests and included their collection of Roman sculptures. Title: Cass, West Virginia Passage: Cass is a census-designated place (CDP) on the Greenbrier River in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 52. The town, founded in 1901, was named for Joseph Kerr Cass, vice president and cofounder of the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company.	[ "Badia Polyptych", "Uffizi" ]
Who is the explorer who accurately mapped the coasts of the continent Issy-les-Moulineaux is on and the countries that WINEP bundled in Northwest Africa?	Piri Reis	[]	Title: History of Brazil Passage: The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467 / 1468 - c. 1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century. Title: Willem Janszoon Passage: On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea. Title: Louisiana (New France) Passage: 1699: Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville explores the Louisiana coast and founds Fort Maurepas at Old Biloxi (now in Mississippi) on the Gulf. Title: Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer Passage: The Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer is a museum of playing cards located at 16, rue Auguste Gervais, Issy-les-Moulineaux, a suburb of Paris, France. It is open Wednesdays through Sundays. An admission fee is charged. Title: Piri Reis map Passage: The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. Title: European exploration of Africa Passage: European exploration of Sub-Saharan Africa begins with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, pioneered by Portugal under Henry the Navigator. The Cape of Good Hope was first reached by Bartolomeu Dias on 12 March 1488, opening the important sea route to India and the Far East, but European exploration of Africa itself remained very limited during the 16th and 17th centuries. The European powers were content to establish trading posts along the coast while they were actively exploring and colonizing the New World. Exploration of the interior of Africa was thus mostly left to the Arab slave traders, who in tandem with the Muslim conquest of the Sudan established far - reaching networks and supported the economy of a number of Sahelian kingdoms during the 15th to 18th centuries. Title: Near East Passage: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. Title: Modern history Passage: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior. Title: Issy-les-Moulineaux Passage: Eurosport, the Canal+ Group, Coca-Cola France, France 24, Microsoft France and Europe, Sodexo, and Technicolor SA are based in Issy-les-Moulineaux. Title: Web browser Passage: In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice." Microsoft Corp v Commission Title: Portuguese discoveries Passage: Portuguese discoveries (Portuguese: Descobrimentos portugueses) are the numerous territories and maritime routes discovered by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European overseas exploration, discovering and mapping the coasts of Africa, Canada, Asia and Brazil, in what became known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty - four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil. Title: Jacques Cartier Passage: Jacques Cartier (French pronunciation: (ʒak kaʁtje); Breton: Jakez Karter; December 31, 1491 -- September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named ``The Country of Canadas '', after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).	[ "Piri Reis map", "Issy-les-Moulineaux", "Near East" ]
On what channel in New York City is the original broadcaster of the series in which Knight Fall is an episode?	5	[]	Title: Knight Fall Passage: "Knight Fall" is the eighteenth episode of the sixth season of the American medical drama "House" and it is the 127th episode overall. It aired on April 19, 2010 and was directed by Juan J. Campanella. Title: New York: A Documentary Film Passage: New York: A Documentary Film is an eight-part, 17½ hour, American documentary film on the history of New York City. It was directed by Ric Burns and originally aired in the U.S. on PBS. The film was a production of Steeplechase Films in association with WGBH Boston, Thirteen/WNET, and The New-York Historical Society. Title: WNYW Passage: WNYW, channel 5 (UHF digital channel 44), is the flagship station of the Fox Television Network, licensed to New York City and serving the New York City metropolitan area. WNYW is owned by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of 21st Century Fox, and operates as part of a duopoly with WWOR - TV (channel 9). The two stations maintain studio facilities at the Fox Television Center in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan, and its transmitter is atop the Empire State Building. Title: Erastus C. Knight Passage: Erastus Cole Knight (March 1, 1857 in Buffalo, Erie County, New York – September 3, 1923 in New York City) was an American businessman and politician. Title: Popworld Passage: Popworld (originally Planet Pop) is a British television programme that was broadcast on Channel 4 as part of the T4 strand, featuring pop news, trivia, gossip, interviews and music videos, as well as musical performances from contemporary artists. Title: Brooklyn College Passage: Brooklyn College is a public college in Brooklyn, New York City. It is part of the City University of New York. Title: Private Eyes (TV series) Passage: A second season of 18 episodes was confirmed, and production started in the Fall of 2016 in Toronto. On March 27, 2017, Ion Television picked up the exclusive rights to broadcast the series in the United States, where it is presented as an original series for the network. Title: Niagara Falls, New York Passage: Niagara Falls (/ naɪˈæɡrə / ny - AG - ra) is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 50,193, down from the 55,593 recorded in the 2000 census. It is adjacent to the Niagara River, across from the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and named after the famed Niagara Falls which they share. The city is within the Buffalo -- Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Western New York region. Title: List of House episodes Passage: "House", also known as "House, M.D.", is an American medical drama series which premiered on Fox on November 16, 2004. "House" was created by David Shore. The show follows Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie), an irascible, maverick medical genius who heads a team of diagnosticians at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital (PPTH) in New Jersey. In a typical episode, the team is presented with an unusual case; the storyline follows the diagnosis of the patient's illness, a process often complicated by the internal competition and personal foibles of the diagnostic team. The team leader, House, frequently clashes with his boss (Dr. Lisa Cuddy (Lisa Edelstein) in seasons 1 through 7, and Dr. Eric Foreman in season 8), and his only friend, Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard). Title: Alex Hirsch Passage: Alexander Robert ``Alex ''Hirsch (born June 18, 1985) is an American writer, animator, voice actor, and producer. He is best known as the creator of the Disney Channel / Disney XD animated television series Gravity Falls, where he provided the voices of Grunkle Stan, Soos, and Bill Cipher, among others. He also earned BAFTA and Annie Awards for the series. In 2016, Hirsch co-authored Gravity Falls: Journal 3 which appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for nearly a year. Title: Welcome to Paradox Passage: Welcome to Paradox is a science fiction television series aired on the Sci Fi Channel in the U.S. and on Showcase in Canada. Despite being filmed in Canada, the series was broadcast first in the United States. It first aired on August 17, 1998, and ran for one season, ending on November 9, 1998. As this was part of a crop of new shows produced in 1998 by Sci Fi Channel and it was not successful beyond the first season, it was never placed in syndication. "Betaville" was the original title for the series. Title: Sam Posey Passage: Sam Posey (born May 26, 1944, in New York City, New York) is a retired American racing driver and sports broadcast journalist.	[ "WNYW", "List of House episodes", "Knight Fall" ]
What is the population of the area where Chad Crandell was born?	645,911	[]	Title: North Attleborough Center, Massachusetts Passage: North Attleborough Center is the central developed area in the town of North Attleborough in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It was a census-designated place at the 2000 census, at which time its population was 16,796. It was not delineated as a census-designated place in 2010. Title: Des Moines metropolitan area Passage: The Des Moines metropolitan area, officially known as the Des Moines -- West Des Moines, IA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), consists of five counties in central Iowa, United States: Polk, Dallas, Warren, Madison, and Guthrie. The 2010 census population of these counties was 569,633, and the 2017 estimated population was 645,911. Title: Chad Crandell Passage: Chad Crandell, born July 8, 1975 in Des Moines, Iowa, United States was a U.S. soccer midfielder who spent most of his career with the USL Second Division Wilmington Hammerheads.	[ "Chad Crandell", "Des Moines metropolitan area" ]
Where does the columbia river meet the body of water that provides warm moist air over the andes mountains in the country where Choripan orignated?	Columbia Bar	[]	Title: Big Bend Ranges Passage: The Big Bend Ranges are a subrange of the Selkirk Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located in Big Bend of the Columbia River north of the Illecillewaet River. Title: Columbia Bar Passage: The Columbia Bar, also frequently called the Columbia River Bar, is a system of bars and shoals at the mouth of the Columbia River spanning the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. The bar is about 3 miles (5 km) wide and 6 miles (10 km) long. Title: Cache Creek (British Columbia) Passage: Cache Creek, originally Rivière de la Cache, is a tributary of the Bonaparte River in the Thompson Country of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, joining that river at the town of Cache Creek, British Columbia, which is located at the junction of the Trans-Canada and Cariboo Highways. Title: Choripán Passage: Choripán (plural: "choripanes") is a type of sandwich with chorizo, popular in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Similar to the American hot dog, the name comes from the combination of the names of its ingredients: a grilled chorizo sausage and a crusty bread () such as a "marraqueta", baguette or francés. Title: Driftwood Range Passage: The Driftwood Range is a small subrange of the Skeena Mountains of the Interior Mountains, located between the headwaters of Driftwood River and Nilkitkwa River in northern British Columbia, Canada. Title: Janq'u Saxa Passage: Janq'u Saxa (Aymara "janq'u" white, "saxa" hollow, "white hollow", Hispanicized spelling "Jancosaca") is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about high. It is located in the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, Ichuña District, and the Puno Region, Puno Province, Pichacani District, northeast of Jukumarini Lake. Janq'u Saxa lies south of the mountain Wallqani, southwest of Wilaqullu and southeast of Larama Quta. It is situated at the Larama Quta River which originates northwest of the mountain. It is a tributary of Jukumarini Lake. Title: Coquihalla River Passage: The Coquihalla River (originally or more recently and popularly ) is a tributary of the Fraser River in the Cascade Mountains of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It originates in the Coquihalla Lakes and empties into the Fraser River at Hope. Title: Slamgeesh Range Passage: The Slamgeesh Range is a small subrange of the Skeena Mountains of the Interior Mountains, located between the Skeena River and Slamgeesh River in northern British Columbia, Canada. Title: Biobío River Passage: The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile. It originates from Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 km to the Gulf of Arauco on the Pacific Ocean. Title: Sustut River Passage: The Sustut River is a major tributary of the Skeena River in the north-central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It forms the northwest boundary of the Hogem Ranges and flows southwest to meet the Skeena, north of Hazelton. Originally named the Bear Wallow River, its headwaters are at Sustut Lake, northwest of Germansen Landing (at ; Sustut Lake was similarly named Bear Wallow Lake). Title: Climate of Argentina Passage: Although the centre and the eastern parts of the country are mostly flat, the west is mountainous. Both the Andes and Sierras Pampeanas affect the climate of Argentina, leading to differences in temperature, pressure, and spatial distribution of precipitation depending on the topography and altitude. Here, the Andes exert an important influence on the climate. Owing to the higher altitudes of the Andes north of 40 S, they completely block the normal westerly flow, preventing low pressure systems containing moisture from the Pacific Ocean from coming in. Thus, much of Argentina north of 40 S is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the South Atlantic High. South of 40 S, the Andes are lower in altitude, allowing much of Patagonia to be dominated by westerly winds and air masses from the Pacific Ocean. However, the north -- south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. This is because they force these air masses upwards, cooling adiabactically. Most of the moisture is dropped on the Chilean side, causing abundant precipitation and cloudiness while on the Argentine side, the air warms adiabatically, causing it to become drier as it descends. Thus, an extensive rain -- shadow is present in much of Patagonia, causing it to receive very little precipitation. The Sierras Pampeanas influences the climate on a much smaller scale than the Andes. Title: Andes Passage: The Andes or Andean Mountains (Spanish: Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They form a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. This range is about 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18 ° south and 20 ° south latitude), and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.	[ "Climate of Argentina", "Columbia Bar", "Choripán" ]
Who sings Money by the performer of Matilda Mother?	David Gilmour	[]	Title: Cecilia of Normandy Passage: Cecilia of Normandy (or Cecily; c. 1056 – 30 July 1126) is thought to be the eldest daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. Her brothers were kings William II and Henry I of England. She was very close to her other brother, Robert Curthose, and was educated by the abbess Matilda. Title: Amanda Abizaid Passage: Amanda Jo Abizaid is an American Lebanese singer / songwriter best known for her vocal performance on the theme song of the US TV series The 4400. Title: Replicator (band) Passage: Replicator was an American noise rock band from Oakland, California, United States. The band consisted of Conan Neutron (electric guitar/vocals/tape deck operation), Ben Adrian (bass guitar/vocals/keyboard), and Chris Bolig (drums). The band was occasionally joined by Todd Grant on rhythm guitar for live performances in later years. Title: Shivkumar Sharma Passage: He was born in Jammu to the singer Uma Dutt Sharma and his mother tongue is Dogri. His father started teaching him vocals and tabla when he was just five. Shivkumar started learning santoor at the age of thirteen. He gave his first public performance in Bombay in 1955. Title: Port Matilda, Pennsylvania Passage: Port Matilda is a borough in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 606 at the 2010 census. Title: Give a Little Passage: "Give a Little" is the second single written and performed by American pop/rock band Hanson from their fifth studio album "Shout It Out". Lead vocals are provided by Taylor Hanson, with Isaac Hanson and Zac Hanson as backing vocals. Title: Robert Stoepel Passage: Robert Auguste Stoepel (1821 – October 1, 1887) was a German-born American composer and conductor. His compositions include "Hiawatha", a symphony for orchestra and vocal soloists, as well as incidental music for plays, piano works, songs, and several operas. Born in Berlin, Stoepel worked in Paris and London, but spent a large portion of his career in New York City where he died at the age of 66. From 1857 until their divorce in 1869, he was married to the actress Matilda Heron. Their daughter Bijou Heron was also an actress. Title: Two Tickets to Paradise Passage: The 45 RPM version has been reissued on the Playlist: The Very Best of Eddie Money compilation CD. The guitar solo was performed by Jimmy Lyon. Title: Money (Pink Floyd song) Passage: David Gilmour -- lead vocals, electric guitars Roger Waters -- bass guitar, tape effects Richard Wright -- Wurlitzer electric piano (with wah - wah pedal) Nick Mason -- drums, tape effects Title: Matilda Mother Passage: "Matilda Mother" is a song by British band Pink Floyd, featured on their 1967 debut album, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn". Written by Syd Barrett, it is sung mostly by Richard Wright with Barrett joining in on choruses and singing the whole last verse. It was the first song recorded for the album. Title: Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Passage: The Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal was awarded between 1970 and 2011. From 1967 to 1969 and in 1971 the award included instrumental performances. The award had several minor name changes: Title: Matilda (novel) Passage: Matilda is a book by British writer Roald Dahl. It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London, with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake. It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet, a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito, a two - part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda, Emerald O'Hanrahan as Miss Honey, Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry, and a 2010 musical.	[ "Money (Pink Floyd song)", "Matilda Mother" ]
When was the third oldest president we ever had elected?	1980	[]	Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected President since James Buchanan in 1856 (President Truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier). Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover). Title: Vice President of Nigeria Passage: The Vice President of Nigeria is the second - in - command to the President of Nigeria in the Government of Nigeria. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Vice President is elected alongside the President in national elections. The office is currently held by Yemi Osinbajo. Title: 2016 United States presidential primaries in Puerto Rico Passage: United States presidential election in Puerto Rico, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican Title: List of the verified oldest people Passage: The oldest man ever whose age has been verified is Jiroemon Kimura (1897 -- 2013) of Japan, who died at the age of 116 years, 54 days. Title: List of presidents of India Passage: Seven presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president, he was born in Anantapur District (now Andhra Pradesh). Two presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-presidents functioned as acting president until a new president was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, V.V. Giri, was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Zakir Husain's vice president, was the first acting president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting president. The 12th president, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. Title: List of presidents of the United States by age Passage: The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term. Title: Ian Anderson (Manx politician) Passage: Mr Anderson was born in Glencross, Rathmullan, County Donegal, Ireland, in 1925. He left school at the age of 13 and joined the Belfast Technical College before moving to the Isle of Man in 1946. In 1963 Ian was elected as a member of Patrick commissioners and remained as such until being elected as member of the House of Keys for Glenfaba. In 1982 he was elevated to the Legislative Council and remained a member until retiring from Tynwald in 1993. In 1988 he was elected as the, second ever non-Governor, President of the Legislative Council. He served until 1990 when the constitution was altered and Sir Charles Kerruish became ex officio President. Ian Anderson also held many Ministerial-level appointments during his career. He died on 11 January 2005. Title: 2014 Indian general election Passage: The Indian general election of 2014 was held to constitute the 16th Lok Sabha, electing members of parliament for all 543 parliamentary constituencies of India. Running in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014, it was the longest election in the country's history. According to the Election Commission of India, 814.5 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 100 million voters since the last general election in 2009, making it the largest - ever election in the world. Around 23.1 million or 2.7% of the total eligible voters were aged 18 -- 19 years. A total of 8,251 candidates contested for the 543 Lok Sabha seats. The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.38%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections. Title: Friedrich Ebert Foundation Passage: The Friedrich Ebert Foundation ("German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality. Title: Tomislav Nikolić Passage: Tomislav Nikolić (, ; born 15 February 1952) is a Serbian politician who served as the President of Serbia from 2012 to 2017. He is also the founder of the Serbian Progressive Party, and he led the party until his election as President. In the 2012 presidential election, he was elected to a five-year term as President in a second round of voting. Title: List of presidents of India Passage: Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became President. Two Presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting Presidents held office until the new President, V.V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President. The 12th President, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. As of November 2017, Ram Nath Kovind is the President of India who was elected on 25 July 2017. Title: History of Russia Passage: U.S.–Soviet relations deteriorated following the beginning of the nine-year Soviet–Afghan War in 1979 and the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan, a staunch anti-communist, but improved as the communist bloc started to unravel in the late 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia lost the superpower status that it had won in the Second World War.	[ "History of Russia", "List of presidents of the United States by age" ]
Who is the President of the Senate in the richest country in Africa?	Bukola Saraki	[ "ABS" ]	Title: Presiding Officer of the United States Senate Passage: The Constitution also provides for appointment of one of the elected senators to serve as President pro tempore. This senator presides when the vice president is absent from the body. The president pro tempore is selected by the body specifically for the role of presiding in the absence of (as the meaning of pro tempore, literally ``for the time being '') the actual presiding officer. By tradition, the title of President pro tempore has come to be given more - or-less automatically to the most senior senator of the majority party. In actual practice in the modern Senate, the president pro tempore also does not often serve in the role (though it is their constitutional right to do so). Instead, as governed by Rule I, they frequently designate a junior senator to perform the function. Title: President of the Senate of Nigeria Passage: The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership. The Senate President is second in line for succession to the Nigerian presidency, after the Vice President of Nigeria. The current President of the Senate is Bukola Saraki. Title: List of African countries by GDP (PPP) Passage: Region Rank Country 2015 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars -- Africa 5,736,700 Nigeria 1,192.00 Egypt 995.97 South Africa 724.01 Algeria 570.64 Morocco 274.53 6 Angola 185.25 7 Sudan 167.42 8 Ethiopia 159.22 9 Tanzania 150.4 10 Kenya 143.05 11 Tunisia 127.21 12 Ghana 113.35 13 Libya 92.88 14 Uganda 79.75 15 Ivory Coast 78.34 16 Cameroon 72.11 17 Zambia 64.65 18 Democratic Republic of the Congo 63.27 19 Botswana 37.16 20 Senegal 36.30 21 Madagascar 35.56 22 Gabon 34.41 23 Chad 33.73 24 Mozambique 32.00 25 Burkina Faso 31.18 26 Mali 29.15 27 Zimbabwe 28.90 28 Republic of the Congo 27.92 29 Equatorial Guinea 25.94 30 Mauritius 24.84 31 Namibia 24.51 32 Benin 21.16 33 Malawi 20.56 34 Rwanda 20.32 35 Niger 18.96 36 Mauritania 16.43 37 Guinea 15.28 38 Swaziland 10.87 39 Togo 10.82 40 Eritrea 7.94 41 Burundi 7.88 42 Somalia 5.90 43 Lesotho 5.78 44 Gambia 3.27 45 Liberia 3.78 46 Cape Verde 3.48 47 Djibouti 3.09 48 Seychelles 2.53 49 Guinea - Bissau 1.94 50 Central African Republic 1.62 51 Comoros 1.21 52 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.66	[ "List of African countries by GDP (PPP)", "President of the Senate of Nigeria" ]
At what university did the man who figured out the evolutionary mechanism called natural selection, receive his education?	University of Edinburgh	[ "Edinburgh University", "The University of Edinburgh" ]	Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the "Beagle" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. Title: Galápagos Islands Passage: The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos, Spanish pronunciation: (las ˈiɦla ɣaˈlapaɣo)), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, 906 km (563 mi) west of continental Ecuador. The islands are known for their vast number of endemic species and were studied by Charles Darwin during the second voyage of HMS Beagle, as his observations and collections contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection. Title: Adolf Bernhard Meyer Passage: Adolf Bernhard Meyer (11 October 1840, Hamburg – 22 August 1911, Dresden) was a German anthropologist, ornithologist, entomologist, and herpetologist. He served for nearly thirty years as director of the Königlich Zoologisches und Anthropologisch-Ethnographisches Museum (now the natural history museum or Museum für Tierkunde Dresden) in Dresden. He worked on comparative anatomy and appreciated the ideas of evolution, and influenced many German scientists by translating into German the 1858 papers by Darwin and Wallace which first proposed evolution by natural selection. Influenced by the writings of Wallace with whom he interacted, he travelled to Southeast Asia, and collected specimens and recorded his observations from the region. Title: History of evolutionary thought Passage: In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during ``the eclipse of Darwinism ''(c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis. Title: Robert Jameson Passage: As Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh for fifty years, Jameson is notable for his advanced scholarship, his superb museum collection and for his tuition of Charles Darwin. Jameson was not at his best in the lecture theatre however, and, for the first half of his career, he grappled with his predecessor John Walker's perverse "Neptunian" geological theories. Darwin attended Robert Jameson's natural history course at the University of Edinburgh in his teenage years, learning about stratigraphic geology and assisting with the collections of the Museum of Edinburgh University, then one of the largest in Europe. At Jameson's Wernerian Natural History Association, the young Charles Darwin saw John James Audubon give a demonstration of his method of using wires to prop up birds to draw or paint them in natural positions. Robert Jameson was the great-uncle of Sir Leander Starr Jameson, Bt, KCMG, CB, British colonial official and inspiration for the "Jameson Raid". Title: Gene Passage: The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins. Title: Evolution Passage: In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process first demonstrated by the observation that often, more offspring are produced than can possibly survive. This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place. Title: Darwinism Passage: Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809 -- 1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma of molecular biology. Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work. It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' work -- in place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins. Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created. The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations. Title: Dave McKenna Passage: Dave McKenna (May 30, 1930 – 18 October 18, 2008) was an American jazz pianist known primarily as a solo pianist and for his "three-handed" swing style. He was a significant figure in the evolution of jazz piano. Title: On the Origin of Species Passage: Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line. Title: Natural selection Passage: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term ``natural selection '', and compared it with artificial selection.	[ "Robert Jameson", "Natural selection" ]
When did the union where the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent is free start and for what main reason?	1 November 1993	[]	Title: History of the European Union Passage: On 1 November 1993, under the third Delors Commission, the Maastricht Treaty became effective, creating the European Union with its pillar system, including foreign and home affairs alongside the European Community. The 1994 European elections were held resulting in the Socialist group maintaining their position as the largest party in Parliament. The Council proposed Jacques Santer as Commission President but he was seen as a second choice candidate, undermining his position. Parliament narrowly approved Santer but his commission gained greater support, being approved by 416 votes to 103. Santer had to use his new powers under Maastricht to flex greater control over his choice of Commissioners. They took office on 23 January 1995. Title: MP3 Passage: The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015. Title: MP3 Passage: In February 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in eastern Texas federal court, claiming infringement of a portable MP3 player patent that Texas MP3 said it had been assigned. Apple, Samsung, and Sandisk all settled the claims against them in January 2009.	[ "MP3", "History of the European Union" ]
When did the first Walmart open in the state where Chesapeake City Bridge is located?	1991	[]	Title: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel Passage: The Chesapeake Bay Bridge -- Tunnel (CBBT) is a 23 - mile (37 km) bridge -- tunnel crossing at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, the Hampton Roads harbor, and nearby mouths of the James and Elizabeth Rivers in the American state of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It connects Northampton County on the Delmarva Peninsula and Eastern Shore with Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Portsmouth on the Western Shore and South side / Tidewater which are part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of eight close cities around the harbor's shores and peninsula. The Bridge - Tunnel originally combined 12 miles (19 km) of trestle, two 1 - mile - long (1.6 km) tunnels, four artificial islands, four high - level bridges, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) of causeway, and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) of northeast and southwest approach roads -- crossing the Chesapeake Bay and preserving traffic on the Thimble Shoals and Chesapeake dredged shipping channels leading to the Atlantic. It replaced vehicle ferry services that operated from South Hampton Roads and from the Virginia Peninsula since the 1930s. Financed by toll revenue bonds, the Bridge -- Tunnel was opened on April 15, 1964, and remains one of only ten bridge -- tunnel systems in the world, three of which are located in the water dominated Hampton Roads area of Tidewater Virginia. Title: History of Walmart Passage: By 1988, Walmart was operating in 27 states, having expanded into Arizona, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, New Jersey, and Wyoming. By 1990, they expanded into California (which marked Walmart officially becoming a fully nationwide retailer), Nevada, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Utah. The Walmart Visitor's Center also opened this year on the site of Sam Walton's original store. Title: McDonald's Canada Passage: The company was founded by Chicago - born George Cohon. The first store opened in 1967 as the Western Canadian franchisee and operated with the U.S. operations. Cohon was the Eastern Canadian franchise and opened his store in 1968 on Oxford Street West in London, Ontario. In 1971, Cohon merged the two operations to one national operation. Cohon was responsible for developing the eastern Canadian franchises. The first McDonald's restaurant in Canada was opened in 1967 in Richmond, British Columbia, by western franchise owners. It was also the first McDonald's restaurant outside of the United States. As of 2014, McDonald's Canada had 1,400 stores (including Walmart Canada locations) in Canada, and more than 85,000 Canadian employees. Title: Chesapeake City Bridge Passage: The Chesapeake City Bridge carries Maryland Route 213 across the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal in Chesapeake City, Maryland. There are two undivided traffic lanes and one sidewalk on the east side of the bridge. It was built in 1949 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide a high-level canal crossing. An older vertical lift drawbridge was destroyed on July 28, 1942, after being struck by the tanker "Franz Klasen". The bridge is identical in appearance to the old St. Georges Bridge in Delaware (they were constructed roughly at the same time) except for the number of lanes. Title: Kodambakkam Bridge Passage: Kodambakkam Bridge is a road overbridge in the city of Chennai, India. Opened in 1965, it is one of the oldest overbridges in the city. The bridge has a length of 623 meters. Title: Burlington, Ohio Passage: Burlington is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,794 at the 2000 census. Burlington is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. The community is situated between the villages of South Point and Chesapeake. Its other neighbor is Huntington, West Virginia, which lies across the Ohio River; it is connected via the West Huntington Bridge. Burlington was once the leading community of Lawrence County, being the first county seat and the location of the county's first post office. Title: Saigon Bridge Passage: Saigon Bridge, known as Newport Bridge () before 1975, is a bridge crossing the Saigon River, connecting Bình Thạnh District and District 2, Ho Chi Minh City, on the Hanoi Highway. The bridge has four lanes for cars and two lanes for motorcycles and bicycles. It was the only bridge linking District 1 to the new Thu Thiem New Urban Area in District 2 until the Thủ Thiêm Bridge opened in 2008 and the Saigon River Tunnel opened in 2011. The bridge was one of the most vital gateways for vehicles traveling from northern and central Vietnam to the city, and therefore was a key point of contention during the Tet Offensive in 1968 and the Fall of Saigon in 1975. In 2013, a new parallel bridge, Saigon 2 Bridge, was opened to ease congestion on the bridge. Title: Greenbrier, Virginia Passage: Greenbrier is a community located in the independent city of Chesapeake, Virginia, United States. Greenbrier Parkway, a major road in Greenbrier, is the commercial hub of Chesapeake. Shopping centers line this major road, including Greenbrier Mall. Another major road, Volvo Parkway, cuts across Greenbrier Parkway. This road leads to the more residential section of Greenbrier as well as another shopping center in the opposite direction. Title: History of Walmart Passage: In 1991, the company expanded into Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. Walmart expanded worldwide this year, with the opening of their first store outside the United States in Mexico City. They also acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc. of Amarillo, Texas. 1991 also saw the launch of the Sam's American Choice brand of products. Title: Walmart Passage: Walmart Inc. Walmart's current logo since 2008 Walmart's official headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas Formerly called Wal - Mart, Inc. (1969 -- 70) Wal - Mart Stores, Inc. (1970 -- 2018) Type Public Traded as NYSE: WMT DJIA component S&P 100 component S&P 500 component ISIN US9311421039 Industry Retail Founded July 2, 1962; 55 years ago (1962 - 07 - 02) Rogers, Arkansas, U.S. Founder Sam Walton Headquarters Bentonville, Arkansas, United States Number of locations 11,718 stores worldwide (January 31, 2018) Area served Worldwide Key people Greg Penner (Chairman) Doug McMillon (President & CEO) Products Electronics Movies and music Home and furniture Home improvement Clothing Footwear Jewelry Toys Health and beauty Pet supplies Sporting goods and fitness Auto Photo finishing Craft supplies Party supplies Grocery Services Walmart - 2 - Walmart Walmart MoneyCard Pickup Today Walmart.com Walmart Pay Revenue US $500.34 billion (2018) Operating income US $20.437 billion (2018) Net income US $9.862 billion (2018) Total assets US $204.52 billion (2018) Total equity US $77.869 billion (2018) Owner Walton family (51%) Number of employees 2.3 million, Worldwide (2017) 1.4 million, U.S. (2017) Divisions Walmart U.S. Walmart International Sam's Club Global eCommerce Subsidiaries Walmart Canada Walmart Mexico Walmart Chile Walmart de México y Centroamérica @ WalmartLabs Walmart Neighborhood Market Asda Amigo Supermarkets Vudu Massmart Seiyu Group Bompreço Líder Jet.com Hayneedle Moosejaw ModCloth Flipkart Website Corporate website Commercial website Footnotes / references Title: Hal W. Adams Bridge Passage: The Hal W. Adams Bridge, built in 1947, is an historic bridge that carries State Road 51 across the Suwannee River between Lafayette and Suwannee counties, Florida in the United States. Located 3 miles north of Mayo, it was the first suspension bridge built in Florida, and the only one to carry highway traffic. At its opening on July 4, 1947, it was named for Hal W. Adams of Mayo, former county judge of Lafayette County and then longtime circuit judge for the circuit encompassing Lafayette and Suwannee counties. Title: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel Passage: The Chesapeake Bay Bridge -- Tunnel (CBBT) is a 23 - mile (37 km) bridge -- tunnel crossing at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, the Hampton Roads harbor, and nearby mouths of the James and Elizabeth Rivers in the American state of Virginia. It connects Northampton County on the Delmarva Peninsula and Eastern Shore with Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Portsmouth on the Western Shore and South side / Tidewater which are part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of eight close cities around the harbor's shores and peninsula. The Bridge - Tunnel originally combined 12 miles (19 km) of trestle, two 1 - mile - long (1.6 km) tunnels, four artificial islands, four high - level bridges, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) of causeway, and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) of northeast and southwest approach roads -- crossing the Chesapeake Bay and preserving traffic on the Thimble Shoals and Chesapeake dredged shipping channels leading to the Atlantic. It replaced vehicle ferry services that operated from South Hampton Roads and from the Virginia Peninsula since the 1930s. Financed by toll revenue bonds, the Bridge -- Tunnel was opened on April 15, 1964, and remains one of only ten bridge -- tunnel systems in the world, three of which are located in the water dominated Hampton Roads area of Tidewater Virginia.	[ "Chesapeake City Bridge", "History of Walmart" ]
When did the first company that owns Hamburger university open in the country where Billingley is located?	1974	[]	Title: Fast food restaurant Passage: Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. Title: Russian State Social University Passage: Russian State Social University (RSSU; Russian: Российский государственный социальный университет, abbreviated as РГСУ) was the first public university in the Russian Federation to offer undergraduate and graduate programmes in the field of social work. It is located in Moscow where positioned its three main historically important campuses. Russian State Social University is recognized as a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional institution. The current rector is Natalia Pochinok. Title: Otto's Pub & Brewery Passage: Otto's Pub & Brewery is a brewpub in State College, Pennsylvania, USA. It first opened in 2002 and has been at its current location since 2010. It is located approximately three miles from the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University. Title: Billingley Passage: Billingley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, east of Barnsley. At the 2001 census it had a population of 177, increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census. Title: History of McDonald's Passage: 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant. Title: Hamburger Dinner Theater Passage: "Hamburger Dinner Theater" is the fifth episode of the first season of the animated television series "Bob's Burgers". "Hamburger Dinner Theater" originally aired on the Fox Network in the United States on February 20, 2011. Title: AKA White House Passage: AKA White House is a luxury extended stay hotel owned by Korman Communities located at 1710 H Street NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The operator is AKA, the extended-stay hotel brand owned by Korman Communities. AKA White House opened in 2005. Title: Hamburger University Passage: Hamburger University is a training facility of McDonald's, located in Chicago, Illinois. This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by McDonald's in the various aspects of restaurant management. More than 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-managers and owner-operators have graduated from the university. Title: Birch Island, Illinois Passage: Birch Island is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Illinois, United States. Birch Island is located along the Mississippi River south of Hamburg. Title: Lutterothstraße (Hamburg U-Bahn station) Passage: Lutterothstraße is a metro station on the Hamburg U-Bahn line U2. The underground station was opened in May 1965 and is located in the Hamburg district of Eimsbüttel, Germany. Eimsbüttel is center of the Hamburg borough of Eimsbüttel. Title: Messehallen (Hamburg U-Bahn station) Passage: Messehallen is a metro station located at Messe and Congress Center Hamburg on the border of the two Hamburg districts St. Pauli and Neustadt. The station was opened in 1970, and is served by Hamburg U-Bahn line U2. Title: Glöwen station Passage: The Berlin–Hamburg railway was opened between Berlin and Boizenburg on 15 October 1846 and Glöwen station was opened on the same day. The station was intended from the beginning to serve not only the comparatively small town of Glöwen, but also as a hub for Havelberg and a number of other places. In the years following the opening of the station, two passenger fares were offered on the day to Havelberg, plus a fare on the day to Genthin and even a fare to Rostock. Patronage at Glöwen station in 1847 was in sixth place of the stations of the Berlin-Hamburg Railway after Berlin, Hamburg, Hagenow, Wittenberge and Ludwigslust.	[ "Billingley", "Hamburger University", "History of McDonald's" ]
Why did the union, that invented the world's first satellite, complain about U.S. actions in the Korean War, to the council that sanctioned Iran over their nuclear program?	aircraft mistakenly attacked facilities in Chinese territory	[]	Title: Satellite Passage: In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Since then, about 6,600 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. According to a 2013 estimate, 3,600 remained in orbit. Of those, about 1,000 were operational; while the rest have lived out their useful lives and become space debris. Approximately 500 operational satellites are in low - Earth orbit, 50 are in medium - Earth orbit (at 20,000 km), and the rest are in geostationary orbit (at 36,000 km). A few large satellites have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. Over a dozen space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun. Title: Iran Passage: Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community. In 2009, the US Director of National Intelligence said that Iran, if choosing to, would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013. Title: Korean War Passage: In the resulting Battle of Pusan Perimeter (August–September 1950), the U.S. Army withstood KPA attacks meant to capture the city at the Naktong Bulge, P'ohang-dong, and Taegu. The United States Air Force (USAF) interrupted KPA logistics with 40 daily ground support sorties that destroyed 32 bridges, halting most daytime road and rail traffic. KPA forces were forced to hide in tunnels by day and move only at night. To deny matériel to the KPA, the USAF destroyed logistics depots, petroleum refineries, and harbors, while the U.S. Navy air forces attacked transport hubs. Consequently, the over-extended KPA could not be supplied throughout the south. On 27 August, 67th Fighter Squadron aircraft mistakenly attacked facilities in Chinese territory and the Soviet Union called the UN Security Council's attention to China's complaint about the incident. The US proposed that a commission of India and Sweden determine what the US should pay in compensation but the Soviets vetoed the US proposal.	[ "Korean War", "Satellite", "Iran" ]
Which dynasty gave birth to the empire containing Palatinate-Sulzbach?	the Carolingian family	[]	Title: Palatinate-Sulzbach Passage: Palatinate-Sulzbach was the name of two separate states of the Holy Roman Empire located in modern Amberg-Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany, ruled by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Title: Holy Roman Empire Passage: On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning. Scholars generally concur, however, in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role. Title: Trier-Land Passage: Trier-Land is a "Verbandsgemeinde" ("collective municipality") in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the border with Luxembourg, north and west of Trier. The seat of the municipality is in Trier, itself not part of the municipality.	[ "Holy Roman Empire", "Palatinate-Sulzbach" ]
What is the equivalent of the American agency that appoints members of the public company accounting oversight board in the country that declined to sign the Social charter?	Financial Services Authority	[]	Title: Audit in India Passage: Statutory audit refers to the audit based on the laws applicable on the entity for the time being in force. It is governed by the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind - AS) issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India from time to time. A Chartered accountant holding a certificate of practice in India is qualified to be a statutory auditor of an entity. It is mandatory for a company in India to get the Statutory Audit of its financial statements done according to the provisions of Companies Act 2013. Title: Capita Passage: Capita was formed 1984 as a division of the non-profit CIPFA (Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy). In 1987 it became an independent company with 33 staff as a result of a management buy - out, led by Rod Aldridge, and was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1991. Title: Peter Tyndall Passage: Peter Tyndall is the Ombudsman, Information Commissioner, and Commissioner for Environmental Information of Ireland. As Ombudsman, he is ex-officio member of four important statutory oversight bodies: the Commission for Public Service Appointments, the Referendum Commission, the Constituency Commission and the Standards in Public Office Commission. Title: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales Passage: The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) was established by royal charter in 1880. It has over 147,000 members. Over 15,000 of these members live and work outside the UK. In 2015, 8,256 students joined ICAEW - the highest ever figure. 82 of FTSE 100 (the leading UK) companies have an ICAEW Chartered Accountant on the board. Title: Committee of Public Safety Passage: On 27 July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre was elected to the Committee. At this time, the Committee was entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its powerful partner, the Committee of General Security. The role of the Committee of Public Safety included the governance of the war (including the appointment of generals), the appointing of judges and juries for the Revolutionary Tribunal, the provisioning of the armies and the public, the maintenance of public order, and oversight of the state bureaucracy. Title: European Union law Passage: The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989 by 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from the legislation covering Social Charter issues unless it agreed to be bound by the legislation. The UK subsequently was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the "Social Chapter" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty - instead, an Agreement on Social Policy was added as a protocol. Again, the UK was exempt from legislation arising from the protocol, unless it agreed to be bound by it. The protocol was to become known as "Social Chapter", despite not actually being a chapter of the Maastricht Treaty. To achieve aims of the Agreement on Social Policy the European Union was to "support and complement" the policies of member states. The aims of the Agreement on Social Policy are: Title: Oscar Munoz (executive) Passage: Oscar Munoz (born January 1959) is an American businessman. He was named president and chief executive officer (CEO) of United Airlines on September 8, 2015. At the time of this appointment, Munoz had been serving as a member of the board of directors of parent company United Continental Holdings (UCH) since its formation with the 2010 merger between United and Continental. Munoz had been a member of Continental's board of directors since 2004. Title: Auditor's report Passage: The auditor's report on the financial statements typically provides very limited details on the procedures and findings of the audit. In contrast, auditors provide much more detail to the board of directors or to the audit committee of the board. Beginning in 2002, many countries have tasked the audit committee with primary responsibility over the audit. For example, in the United States, section 204 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act passed in 2002 required auditors to communicate certain information to audit committees, which were required to be entirely independent, and also made the audit committee responsible for the auditor's hiring. In August 2012, the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board finalized Auditing Standard No. 16, which requires additional communications to the audit committee. Title: Charter of the United Nations Passage: The Charter of the United Nations (also known as the UN Charter) of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization. It was signed at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center in San Francisco, United States, on 26 June 1945, by 50 of the 51 original member countries (Poland, the other original member, which was not represented at the conference, signed it two months later). It entered into force on 24 October 1945, after being ratified by the original five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council -- the Republic of China (after 1949, located in Taiwan and was later replaced by the People's Republic of China), the Provisional Government of the French Republic (later replaced by the Fourth Republic and then the Fifth Republic), the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (later replaced by the Russian Federation), the United Kingdom, and the United States -- and a majority of the other signatories. The UN-Charter articulated a commitment to uphold human rights of citizens and outlined a broad set of principles relating to achieving 'higher standards of living', addressing 'economic, social, health, and related problems,' and 'universal respect for, and observance of, human rights an fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.' Title: Securities commission Passage: There is no common name for securities commission or financial regulatory agency in each country. Naming has become more complicated as some governments have consolidated or merged organisations and given them a wider remit. They sometimes contain the term securities and commission. Such as the Securities and Exchange Commission of the US or Securities and Futures Commission (Hong Kong). A number also have names based on Financial Authority, such as the Financial Services Authority of the UK or Financial Supervisory Authority (Sweden) or variations such as the Financial Services Agency (Japan). Title: Federal Reserve Passage: The Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers. It is governed by the presidentially appointed Board of Governors or Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in cities throughout the nation, oversee the privately owned U.S. member banks. Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of their region, which entitles them to elect some of their board members. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy; it consists of all seven members of the Board of Governors and the twelve regional bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote at any given time: the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one - year terms. There are also various advisory councils. Thus, the Federal Reserve System has both public and private components. The structure is considered unique among central banks. It is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury, an entity outside of the central bank, prints the currency used. Title: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Passage: The PCAOB has five Board members, including a Chairman, each of whom is appointed by the SEC, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Secretary of the Treasury. Two Board members must be Certified Public Accountants. If the PCAOB Chairman is one of them, he or she may not have been a practicing CPA for at least five years prior to being appointed to the board. Each member serves full - time, for staggered five - year terms. The Board's budget, approved by the SEC each year, is funded by fees paid by the companies and broker - dealers who rely on the audit firms overseen by the Board. The organization has a staff of about 800 and offices in 11 states in addition to its headquarters in Washington.	[ "European Union law", "Public Company Accounting Oversight Board", "Securities commission" ]
Where did the quarterback for the NFL team that Carlos Carson played on go to college?	Texas Tech	[ "Texas" ]	Title: Patrick Mahomes Passage: Patrick Lavon Mahomes II (born September 17, 1995) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas Tech, and was drafted by the Chiefs with the tenth overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft. Mahomes is the son of former MLB pitcher Pat Mahomes. Title: Carlos Dunlap Passage: Carlos Dunlap (born February 28, 1989) is an American football defensive end for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Florida, and was a key member of the Florida Gators team that won the 2009 national championship. He was then drafted by the Bengals in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft. Title: Carlos Carson Passage: Carlos Andre Carson (born December 28, 1958) is a former professional American football player drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the fifth round of the 1980 NFL Draft. A , 184 lb wide receiver from Louisiana State University, Carson played in 10 NFL seasons from 1980 to 1989. His best year came during the 1983 season when he caught 80 receptions for 1,351 yards and seven touchdowns. During that same season, Carson had the second most receiving yards in the NFL, only behind Philadelphia Eagles receiver Mike Quick with 1,409 yards.	[ "Patrick Mahomes", "Carlos Carson" ]
What is the population of the city in California having Shooting of Andy Lopez?	175,155	[]	Title: Henichesk Raion Passage: Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population: Title: Shooting of Andy Lopez Passage: The fatal shooting of Andy Lopez by Sonoma County sheriff's deputy Erick Gelhaus took place on October 22, 2013, in Santa Rosa, California. 13-year-old Lopez was walking through a vacant lot and carrying an airsoft gun that was designed to resemble an AK-47 assault rifle. Gelhaus opened fire on Lopez, presumably mistaking the airsoft gun for a real firearm. The shooting prompted many protests in Santa Rosa, and throughout California. Title: Santa Rosa, California Passage: Santa Rosa (lit. Spanish for ``Saint Rose '') is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, in California's Wine Country. Its estimated 2016 population was 175,155. Santa Rosa is the largest city in California's Redwood Empire, Wine Country and the North Bay; the fifth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 28th most populous city in California.	[ "Santa Rosa, California", "Shooting of Andy Lopez" ]
How many states does the country containing Nkwerre have?	thirty-six	[]	Title: Ice hockey at the Olympic Games Passage: The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes. However, the advent of the state - sponsored ``full - time amateur athlete ''of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self - financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full - time basis. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympic Games starting in 1988. The National Hockey League (NHL) was initially reluctant to allow its players to compete because the Olympics are held in the middle of the NHL season, and the league would have to halt play if many of its players participated. Eventually, NHL players were admitted starting in 1998. Title: Facebook Passage: In many countries the social networking sites and mobile apps have been blocked temporarily or permanently, including China, Iran, Syria, and North Korea. In May 2018, the government of Papua New Guinea announced that it would ban Facebook for a month while it considered the impact of the website on the country, though no ban has since occurred. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West. Title: Central African Republic Passage: There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work. Title: Tornado climatology Passage: The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area. Title: List of countries by gold production Passage: For many years until 2006, South Africa was the world's dominant gold producer, but recently other countries with large surface area have surpassed South Africa: China, Russia, Canada, the United States, Peru and Australia. Albeit, none of these countries have approached South Africa's peak production which occurred in the 1970s. Note the figures are for primary production. In the US, for example, for the years 2010 - 14, new and old scrap exceeded both primary production and reported domestic consumption. Title: Black people Passage: As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc. Title: Languages of the United States Passage: Many languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in the United States. Today over 350 languages are used by the U.S. population. The most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English), which is the de facto national language of the United States. Since the 1965 Immigration Act, Spanish is the second most common language in the country. The United States does not have an official language, but 32 state governments out of 50 have declared English to be one, or the only, official language. The government of Louisiana offers services and most documents in both English and French, as does New Mexico in English and Spanish. The government of Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, operates almost entirely in Spanish, even though its official languages are Spanish and English. There are many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region. Hawaiian, although having few native speakers, is an official language along with English of the state of Hawaii. Alaska officializes English and twenty native languages. Title: MP3 Passage: Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents. Title: Nkwerre Passage: Nkwerre is one of the Local Government Areas in Imo State, Nigeria with its headquarters in Nkwerre town where the name of local government area was derived. Title: Oil refinery Passage: Many governments worldwide have mandated restrictions on contaminants that refineries release, and most refineries have installed the equipment needed to comply with the requirements of the pertinent environmental protection regulatory agencies. In the United States, there is strong pressure to prevent the development of new refineries, and no major refinery has been built in the country since Marathon's Garyville, Louisiana facility in 1976. However, many existing refineries have been expanded during that time. Environmental restrictions and pressure to prevent construction of new refineries may have also contributed to rising fuel prices in the United States. Additionally, many refineries (more than 100 since the 1980s) have closed due to obsolescence and / or merger activity within the industry itself. Title: Mother's Day Passage: The modern Mother's day began in the United States, at the initiative of Ann Reeves Jarvis in the early 20th century. This is not (directly) related to the many traditional celebrations of mothers and motherhood that have existed throughout the world over thousands of years, such as the Greek cult to Cybele, the Roman festival of Hilaria, or the Christian Mothering Sunday celebration (originally a commemoration of Mother Church, not motherhood). However, in some countries, Mother's Day is still synonymous with these older traditions.	[ "Nkwerre", "Nigeria" ]
When was the commander in chief abolished in the city for whose team Abraham Smith played?	1969	[]	Title: Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth Passage: The post of Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth was merged with that of Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1969 to form the post of Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command. The posts of Second Sea Lord and Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command were amalgamated in 1994 following the rationalisation of the British Armed Forces following the end of the Cold War. In 2012, however, all distinct Commander-in-Chief appointments were discontinued, with full operational command being vested instead in the First Sea Lord; he now flies his flag from HMS "Victory". Title: Abraham Smith (footballer) Passage: Abraham Smith (17 December 1910 – 1974) was an English professional footballer who played in The Football League for Portsmouth. He also played for Mansfield Town. Title: Abraham Nava Passage: Abraham Nava Valay (born 23 January 1964 in Mexico City) is a retired Mexican football defender. He obtained a total number of nine caps and no goals for the Mexico national team between 1991 and 1993, and was a squad member at the 1993 Copa América.	[ "Abraham Smith (footballer)", "Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth" ]
Who did the baseball team that won the 2017 World Series face in the playoffs?	Red Sox	[]	Title: Houston Astros Passage: The Astros clinched their first division title as a member of the American League West division, and first division title overall since 2001. They also became the first team in Major League history to win three different divisions, the National League West in 1980 and 1986, the National League Central from 1997 -- 1999 and 2001, and now the American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins (the other time was in 1998). They finished 101 -- 61 (with a 21 - game lead in the division), and faced the Red Sox in the second round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season. Title: 2017 World Series Passage: 2017 World Series Team (Wins) Manager (s) Season Houston Astros (4) A.J. Hinch 101 -- 61 (. 623) Los Angeles Dodgers (3) Dave Roberts 104 -- 58 (. 642) Dates October 24 -- November 1 MVP George Springer (Houston) Umpires Phil Cuzzi (Games 1 -- 2), Gerry Davis (crew chief), Laz Díaz, Dan Iassogna, Bill Miller, Paul Nauert, Mark Wegner (Games 3 -- 7) ALCS Houston Astros defeated New York Yankees, 4 -- 3 NLCS Los Angeles Dodgers defeated Chicago Cubs, 4 -- 1 Broadcast Television Fox Fox Deportes MLB International TV announcers Joe Buck, John Smoltz, Ken Rosenthal, and Tom Verducci (Fox) Rolando Nichols, Carlos Álvarez, Edgar Gonzalez, and Jaime Motta (Fox Deportes) Matt Vasgersian and Buck Martinez (MLB International) Radio ESPN Radio ESPN Deportes Radio Sportstalk 790 (HOU -- English) FM 94.1 HD3 (HOU -- Spanish) AM 570 LA Sports (LAD -- English) Univision America 1020 (LAD -- Spanish) Radio Korea 1540 (LAD -- Korean) Radio announcers Dan Shulman and Aaron Boone (ESPN) Eduardo Ortega, Renato Bermúdez, José Francisco Rivera, and Orlando Hernández (ESPN Deportes) Robert Ford and Steve Sparks (HOU -- English) Alex Treviño and Francisco Romero (HOU -- Spanish) Charley Steiner and Rick Monday (LAD -- English) Jaime Jarrín and Jorge Jarrín (LAD -- Spanish) Richard Choi and Chong Ho Yim (LAD -- Korean) World Series Program ← 2016 World Series 2018 →	[ "2017 World Series", "Houston Astros" ]
What weekly publication, in the Connecticut city with the most Zagat-rated restaurants, is issued by the college attended by John Kerry?	Yale Herald	[]	Title: John Kerry Passage: Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014. There are 56 Zagat-rated restaurants in New Haven, the most in Connecticut and the third most in New England (after Boston and Cambridge). More than 120 restaurants are located within two blocks of the New Haven Green. The city is home to an eclectic mix of ethnic restaurants and small markets specializing in various foreign foods. Represented cuisines include Malaysian, Ethiopian, Spanish, Belgian, French, Greek, Latin American, Mexican, Italian, Thai, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Korean, Indian, Jamaican, Cuban, Peruvian, Syrian/Lebanese, and Turkish.	[ "New Haven, Connecticut", "John Kerry" ]
Where did the period in which mosaic fell out of fashion begin on the continent affected by Jacobinism?	seemingly in Italy	[ "IT", "ITA", "Italy", "Italia", "it" ]	Title: Antarctic oasis Passage: An Antarctic oasis is a large area naturally free of snow and ice in the otherwise ice-covered continent of Antarctica. Title: Mosaic Passage: Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics. Title: Edmund Burke Passage: Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government". Title: Renaissance Passage: The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. Title: Geological history of Earth Passage: The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated. Title: Ethiopian Highlands Passage: The Ethiopian Highlands is a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia, situated in the Horn region in Northeast Africa. It forms the largest continuous area of its altitude in the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1500 m (4,921 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4550 m (14,928 ft). It is sometimes called the Roof of Africa due to its height and large area. Most of the Ethiopian Highlands are part of central and northern Ethiopia, and its northernmost portion reaches into Eritrea. Title: Jamal Taslaq Passage: He was born in Nablus, Palestine, in 1970, studied in Italy, and has become one of the top Rome High Fashion designers of the new era. His success started with his inaugural Rome High Fashion Show in the year 2000. Since then, every high fashion show in Rome has been wildly successful, including the latest in March 2011. He is held in esteem across boundaries and oceans and his clients are found in three continents. Title: Mosaic Passage: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor. Title: Vogue (magazine) Passage: Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a weekly newspaper in 1892 in the United States, before becoming a monthly publication years later. Title: The Countess of Parma Passage: The Countess of Parma (Italian: La contessa di Parma) is a 1936 Italian comedy film directed by Alessandro Blasetti and starring Elisa Cegani, Antonio Centa and María Denis. Marcella, a mannequin working in a fashion store in Turin, falls in love with an Italian International football player whose aunt has just acquired the store intending to replace its reliance on French fashions with Italian designs. Title: Mosaic Passage: In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a "masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii." Title: Mosaic Passage: The apse mosaic of the Gelati Monastery is a rare example of mosaic use in Georgia. Began by king David IV and completed by his son Demetrius I of Georgia, the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels. The use of mosaic in Gelati attests to some Byzantine influence in the country and was a demonstration of the imperial ambition of the Bagrationids. The mosaic covered church could compete in magnificence with the churches of Constantinople. Gelati is one of few mosaic creations which survived in Georgia but fragments prove that the early churches of Pitsunda and Tsromi were also decorated with mosaic as well as other, lesser known sites. The destroyed 6th century mosaic floors in the Pitsunda Cathedral have been inspired by Roman prototypes. In Tsromi the tesserae are still visible on the walls of the 7th-century church but only faint lines hint at the original scheme. Its central figure was Christ standing and displaying a scroll with Georgian text.	[ "Renaissance", "Edmund Burke", "Mosaic" ]
Who is the sibling of the person who wrote the script for the 1996 Crucible movie adaption?	Joan Maxine Copeland	[ "Joan Copeland" ]	Title: Maleyali Jotheyali Passage: Maleyali Jotheyali () is a 2009 Indian Kannada-language film that stars Ganesh, Anjana Sukhani and Yuvika Chaudhary. It is directed by Preetham Gubbi, who also co-wrote the script. Shilpa Ganesh, wife of Ganesh, produced the film under their production house, Golden Movies. Title: The Crucible (1996 film) Passage: The Crucible Theatrical release poster Directed by Nicholas Hytner Produced by Robert A. Miller David V. Picker Screenplay by Arthur Miller Based on The Crucible by Arthur Miller Starring Daniel Day - Lewis Winona Ryder Paul Scofield Joan Allen Bruce Davison Rob Campbell Jeffrey Jones Peter Vaughan Music by George Fenton Cinematography Andrew Dunn Edited by Tariq Anwar Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date November 27, 1996 (1996 - 11 - 27) Running time 123 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $25 million Box office $7,343,114 Title: Joan Copeland Passage: Joan Maxine Copeland (née Miller; born June 1, 1922) is an American actress. She is the younger sister of playwright Arthur Miller. She began her career during the mid-1940s, appearing in theatre in New York City, where, shortly thereafter, she would become one of the very first members admitted to the newly formed Actors Studio. She moved into television and film during the 1950s. while still maintaining an active stage career. She is best known for her performances in the 1977 Broadway revival of "Pal Joey" and her award-winning performance in the 1981 play "The American Clock". She has also played a number of prominent roles on various soap operas throughout her career, including Andrea Whiting on "Search for Tomorrow" and Gwendolyn Lord Abbott on "One Life to Live".	[ "The Crucible (1996 film)", "Joan Copeland" ]
What is the record label for the performer of Upgrade U?	Roc-A-Fella Records	[]	Title: Christión Passage: Christión was a male duo featuring brothers Kenni Ski and Allen Anthony, the first R&B act to be signed to Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella Records. They released their single "Full of Smoke" on Roc-A-Fella in 1996, reaching #53 on the Hot 100 and #15 on the R&B chart. Title: Upgrade U Passage: The music video for the song was directed by Melina Matsoukas, and took one and a half days of shooting. Knowles did an impersonation of Jay-Z in the clip and is also seen amidst gold watches and jewelry, continuing the motif of luxury that is alluded to in the song. It finally emerged as the forty-fifth best R&B/Hip-Hop song of 2007 in the United States. Although Knowles did not perform "Upgrade U" in any televised appearances, the song was a part of her set list on The Beyoncé Experience tour (2007), and I Am... Tour (2009–10), as well as her and Jay Z's joint On the Run Tour (2014). Title: Bach to the Blues Passage: Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.	[ "Upgrade U", "Christión" ]
Where was the performer of Jamal at the Penthouse born?	Pittsburgh	[]	Title: Pittsburgh (album) Passage: Pittsburgh is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1989 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Jamal at the Penthouse Passage: Jamal at the Penthouse is an album by jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal, recorded live at Nola's Penthouse Studio in New York and released by Argo Records in 1959. This album, unlike other Ahmad Jamal albums, features his trio with a 15-piece string section led by conductor Joe Kennedy. Title: Jamal Plays Jamal Passage: Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.	[ "Jamal at the Penthouse", "Pittsburgh (album)" ]
How many Americans live in the country where the town of Gangala-na-Bodio is located?	Around 300	[]	Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo. Title: Ming-Na Wen Passage: Ming - Na Wen (Chinese: 溫明娜; pinyin: Wēn Míngnà; born November 20, 1963) is an Macanese - American actress. (She has been credited with and without her family name ``Wen '', but most credits since the late 1990s have been without it. She has been known by such variants of her name as Ming - Na, Ming Na, Ming Na Wen and Ming Wen.) She is known for playing the role of Melinda May in the ABC action drama series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and for voicing Fa Mulan, one of the Disney Princesses, in the films Mulan and Mulan II, the video game Kingdom Hearts II, and in the Disney animated series Sofia the First. She is due to reprise her role as Mulan in Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck - It Ralph 2. Title: Gangala-na-Bodio Passage: Gangala-na-bodio is a town in northeastern DR Congo. It was the site of the Gangala-na-Bodio Elephant Domestication Center during the colonial period.	[ "Republic of the Congo", "Gangala-na-Bodio" ]
Who has the power of legislative action in the city where Jiří Baum died?	Warsaw City Council	[]	Title: Jiří Baum Passage: Jiří Baum (20 September 1900 – 1944, Warsaw) was a Czech zoologist, museum curator, explorer and writer. He served as the director of the zoological department of the National Museum in Prague and is best known in his field for his 1933 book "Through the African Wilderness" and his 1935 zoological expedition in the Australian outback. In Australia, Baum teamed with Walter Drowley Filmer due to his local expertise with spiders. Title: Warsaw Passage: Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote. Title: Jiří Svoboda (volleyball) Passage: Jiří Svoboda (born April 19, 1941) is a Czech former volleyball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1968 Summer Olympics.	[ "Warsaw", "Jiří Baum" ]
Who is a sibling of the lyricist for Powderfinger?	Astrid Young	[]	Title: La voix (song) Passage: "La voix" ("The voice") is a song by Swedish singer Malena Ernman, and was the Swedish entry at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Moscow, Russia. It was composed by Fredrik Kempe, with lyrics by both Kempe and Ernman. It is the first Swedish entry to contain lyrics in French, as well as being the last Swedish entry to have contained lyrics in another language than English. Title: Powderfinger (song) Passage: "Powderfinger" is a song written by Neil Young, first released on his 1979 album "Rust Never Sleeps". It subsequently appeared on several of Young's live recordings. A 2014 "Rolling Stone" special issue on Young ranked it as Young's best song ever. Title: Miguel Piñera Passage: Miguel Piñera is the fifth son of José Piñera Carvallo and Magdalena Echenique Rozas. His siblings are Guadalupe, José, Sebastián, Pablo, and María Teresa. Title: Catherine of France, Countess of Montpensier Passage: Catherine of France (4 February 1378 – November 1388) was the youngest child of Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon, who were cousins. She was a sibling of Charles VI of France and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans. Title: Adolescence Passage: During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling. Title: David Lauren Passage: David Lauren (born October 31, 1971) is the middle child and youngest son of clothing designer Ralph Lauren. His siblings are Dylan and Andrew Lauren. Title: Monster (The Automatic song) Passage: The track's music was composed by James Frost and Robin Hawkins, with the original incarnation featuring a different chorus, both musically and lyrically. However the band decided first to change the music before deciding to rewrite the chorus's lyrics. The chorus was planned to have a fairytale-esque theme to it, with keyboardist and vocalist Alex Pennie penning the idea which would become the track's famous lyric ``What's that coming over the hill? Is it a monster? Is it a monster? ''. Originally however, the lyric was used just to fill the chorus until a more suitable lyric was found, but over time the lyric stuck and so was eventually used when the band recorded a demo of it in 2005. Title: Formulas Fatal to the Flesh Passage: Formulas Fatal to the Flesh is the fifth full-length studio album by death metal band Morbid Angel. The Satanic themed lyrics of previous albums had been replaced with lyrics about the Old Ones, which would become the primary source of Morbid Angel's lyrical content from this point on. This is the first album to feature singer/bassist Steve Tucker, replacing David Vincent, and has some lyrical content written in Sumerian. Title: Scott Young (writer) Passage: Scott Alexander Young (April 14, 1918 – June 12, 2005) was a Canadian journalist, sportswriter, novelist and the father of musicians Neil Young and Astrid Young. Over his career, Young wrote 45 books, including novels and non-fiction for adult and youth audiences. Title: List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters Passage: In the 2017 TV series, she is portrayed by Malina Weissman. She is much more kind to her siblings as she does n't fight with Klaus like she does in The Wide Window episodes. Title: America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee) Passage: Samuel Francis Smith wrote the lyrics to ``My Country 'Tis of Thee ''in 1831, while he was a student at the Andover Theological Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts. His friend Lowell Mason had asked him to translate the lyrics in some German school songbooks or to write new lyrics. A melody in Muzio Clementi's Symphony No. 3 (also called' The Great National 'and contains the melody of' God Save the Queen 'as a tribute to Clementi's adopted country) caught his attention. Rather than translating the lyrics from German, Smith wrote his own American patriotic hymn to the melody, completing the lyrics in thirty minutes. Title: Run of the House Passage: Run of the House is a sitcom on The WB, that aired between September 2003 and May 2004. Nineteen episodes were produced but only sixteen were aired before the show was cancelled. The show was about a family of four siblings, whose parents moved from Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Arizona, because the weather would be better there for their father's health. But they left the mostly-grown children to stay in their old house and look after themselves, with the 3 eldest siblings also having to deal with raising their 15-year-old sister, Brooke. There was also a nosy neighbor named Mrs. Norris who often popped in unannounced to check up on them.	[ "Powderfinger (song)", "Scott Young (writer)" ]
What is the record label for the lyricist of Sing For Me?	RCA Records	[ "RCA" ]	Title: Alvin and the Chipmunks Passage: Alvin and the Chipmunks, originally David Seville and the Chipmunks or simply The Chipmunks, is an American animated music group created by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., for a novelty record in 1958. The group consists of three singing animated anthropomorphic chipmunks: Alvin, the mischievous troublemaker, who quickly became the star of the group; Simon, the tall, bespectacled intellectual; and Theodore, the chubby, impressionable one. The trio is managed by their human adoptive father, David (Dave) Seville. In reality, ``David Seville ''was Bagdasarian's stage name, and the Chipmunks themselves are named after the executives of their original record label. The characters became a success, and the singing Chipmunks and their manager were given life in several animated cartoon productions, using redrawn, anthropomorphic chipmunks, and eventually films. Title: Wake Me Up (Avicii song) Passage: In an interview with the Daily Star, Avicii, who had previously labelled ``Wake Me Up! ''as`` a fun experiment'' during an exclusive chat with MTV UK, said: ``I had a demo with Mac Davis singing, the guy who wrote some songs that were covered by Elvis Presley, but I needed another singer to do the parts. At the same time I was tipped off about doing another track with Aloe Blacc, and I started working on that track. When I was with Mike Einziger from Incubus, we came up with the chord progression and the melody for 'Wake Me Up!' but (with) no real lyrics. None of us (could) sing and we really needed to get that demo down and the only person I knew that lived in LA was Aloe, so I called him and he was free. Lyrics come really easy to him so he wrote them in a couple of hours and we finished the track. '' Title: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin Passage: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin is a 1979 album by Rosemary Clooney, of songs with lyrics by Ira Gershwin. Title: I, Jonathan Passage: I, Jonathan is the fourth solo album by Jonathan Richman, released by the Rounder Records label in 1992. As the founder of influential protopunk band The Modern Lovers, Richman had strived to convey authentic emotions and storytelling with his music. "I, Jonathan" continued this aesthetic with simple and sparse rock and roll arrangements, and straightforward lyrics about mundane topics. Title: Bye Bye Bye Passage: "Bye Bye Bye" is a song by the American boy band, NSYNC. It was released on January 11, 2000 as the lead single from their third studio album "No Strings Attached". The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. Title: Hotel California Passage: ``Hotel California ''is the title track from the Eagles' album of the same name and was released as a single in February 1977. Writing credits for the song are shared by Don Felder (music), Don Henley, and Glenn Frey (lyrics). The Eagles' original recording of the song features Henley singing the lead vocals and concludes with an extended section of electric guitar interplay between Felder and Joe Walsh. Title: Last Kiss Passage: ``Last Kiss ''is a song released by Wayne Cochran in 1961 on the Gala label. It failed to do well on the charts. Cochran subsequently re-recorded his song for the King label in 1963. It was later revived by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers, Pearl Jam and several international artists, including the Canadian group Wednesday, with varying degrees of success. The song was one of several teen tragedy songs from that period. The song's opening lyrics mirror the opening lyrics of Septimus Winner's`` Der Deitcher's Dog''. Title: Lotus (Christina Aguilera album) Passage: Lotus is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Aguilera. RCA Records released the album on November 9, 2012. Its music incorporates pop styles with elements of dance-pop, rock in the form of upbeat songs and piano-driven ballads. Aguilera described the album as a "rebirth", drawing inspiration from events in her life, her appearance on "The Voice", and her divorce. The album was recorded at Aguilera's home studio. As executive producer, she collaborated with a wide range of producers, including new partners Alex da Kid, Max Martin, Lucas Secon and Tracklacers. Title: A White Sport Coat Passage: ``A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation) ''is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label March 4, 1957. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in - house conductor / arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff in charge of the song after his earlier hit,`` Singing the Blues'', had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell'a cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956. Title: Vocal jazz Passage: Vocal jazz or jazz singing is an instrumental approach to the voice, where the singer can match the instruments in their stylistic approach to the lyrics, improvised or otherwise, or through scat singing; that is, the use of non-morphemic syllables to imitate the sound of instruments. Title: You'd Prefer an Astronaut Passage: You'd Prefer an Astronaut is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band Hum, released on April 11, 1995 by RCA Records as their major label debut. The title of the album is a lyric lifted from the song "I'd Like Your Hair Long". Title: Sing for Me (Christina Aguilera song) Passage: "Sing for Me" is a song recorded by American recording artist Christina Aguilera for her seventh studio album, "Lotus" (2012). It was written by Ginny Blackmore, Aguilera and producer Aeon "Step" Manahan. Described by Aguilera as being one of the more emotional tracks on "Lotus", the song was inspired by the music of Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, and Etta James, to which she had frequently listened while growing up.	[ "Lotus (Christina Aguilera album)", "Sing for Me (Christina Aguilera song)" ]
When did education become free in the country being the major power recognizing Gaddafi's government at an early date along with the country having Eisenhower's vice president as a president?	1891	[]	Title: Max Castillo Passage: Max Castillo was the fourth president of the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD) from 1992 to 2009. He has served as the longest president of UHD as of his retirement date on July 31, 2009. Castillo holds a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts from St. Mary's University, and a Doctor of Education from the University of Houston. Prior to becoming president of UHD, he served as president of San Antonio College from 1982 to 1992. Title: Muammar Gaddafi Passage: After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that "the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory." The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970. Title: Josip Broz Tito Passage: Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities. Title: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Passage: Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, Parliament (consisting of the Sovereign (King-in-Parliament), House of Lords and House of Commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority. The executive branch acted in the name of the King ("His Majesty's Government"), as did the judiciary. The King's Ministers were in most cases members of one of the two Houses of Parliament, and the Government needed to sustain the support of a majority in the House of Commons. One minister, the Lord Chancellor, was at the same time the sole judge in the Court of Chancery and the presiding officer in the House of Lords. Therefore, it may be seen that the three branches of British government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other. Some U.S. states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey, the Governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the New Jersey Legislature. The President of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as Vice Presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct." Title: Vice President of Nigeria Passage: The Vice President of Nigeria is the second - in - command to the President of Nigeria in the Government of Nigeria. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Vice President is elected alongside the President in national elections. The office is currently held by Yemi Osinbajo. Title: Alfredo Palacio Passage: Luis Alfredo Palacio González (born January 22, 1939) is an Ecuadorian cardiologist and former politician who served as President of Ecuador from April 20, 2005 to January 15, 2007. From January 15, 2003 to April 20, 2005, he served as vice president, after which he was appointed to the presidency when the Ecuadorian Congress removed President Lucio Gutiérrez from power following a week of growing unrest with his government. Title: History of education in England Passage: The 1891 Elementary Education Act provided for the state payment of school fees up to ten shillings per head, making primary education effectively free. Title: Marion B. Folsom Passage: Marion Bayard Folsom (November 23, 1893 – September 27, 1976) was an American government official and businessman. He served as the U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare from 1955 to 1958 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Title: Vice President of Liberia Passage: The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second - highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six - year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie. The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah. Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act. Title: Federal government of the United States Passage: The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The president and vice president are elected as running mates by the Electoral College, for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in both houses of Congress. The president is limited to a maximum of two four - year terms. If the president has already served two years or more of a term to which some other person was elected, he or she may only serve one more additional four - year term. Title: United States Senate Passage: The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States, who is President of the Senate. In the Vice President's absence, the President Pro Tempore, who is customarily the senior member of the party holding a majority of seats, presides over the Senate. In the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers.	[ "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Josip Broz Tito", "Muammar Gaddafi", "History of education in England" ]
When did weed become legal for recreational use in the state where Craig Hospital is found?	January 2014	[]	Title: Swan Lake (South Dakota) Passage: Swan Lake, South Dakota is a small natural lake located north-northwest of the city of Viborg, South Dakota. The lake is surrounded by cabins and is used for recreational purposes. Title: Craig Hospital Passage: Craig Hospital is a Rehabilitation Hospital in Englewood, Colorado specializing in spinal cord injury (SCI) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) rehabilitation. Title: Cannabis in Colorado Passage: Cannabis in Colorado refers to cannabis (legal term marijuana) use and possession in Colorado, United States. The Colorado Amendment 64, which was passed by voters on November 6, 2012, led to legalization in January 2014. The policy has led to cannabis tourism. There are two sets of policies in Colorado relating to cannabis use: those for medicinal cannabis and for recreational drug use along with a third set of rules governing hemp.	[ "Craig Hospital", "Cannabis in Colorado" ]
When was the city where That's So Raven takes place founded?	June 29, 1776	[]	Title: Bayou Boys Passage: "Bayou Boys" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddy Raven. It was released in August 1989 as the second single from his album "Temporary Sanity". The song was Raven's sixth and final number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent fourteen weeks on the country chart. It was written by Raven, Troy Seals and Frank J. Myers. Title: Britain's Got Talent (series 9) Passage: The ninth series was won by dog tricks duo Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse, with magician Jamie Raven finishing in second place and Welsh choir Côr Glanaethwy in third place. Following the series' broadcast, viewers complained about being misled by winner O'Dwyer's performance, after it was found that their act involved a second dog that had not been disclosed to the public or the judges. During its broadcast, the series averaged around 9.9 million viewers. Title: This Is Us Passage: Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016 -- 2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c. 1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8 -- 10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City. Title: That's So Raven Passage: The show was set in San Francisco and revolved around teenager Raven Baxter, played by Raven - Symoné, her friends Eddie (Orlando Brown) and Chelsea (Anneliese van der Pol), her family members; mother Tanya Baxter (T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh), father Victor Baxter (Rondell Sheridan) and brother Cory (Kyle Massey). The title character drew on her psychic powers, ingenuity, and talent as a fashion designer as well as a variety of disguises to get into and out of amusing adolescent and pre-adolescent situations. Title: That's So Raven Passage: Alana Rivera is Raven's ex-best friend. She finds great pleasure in teasing and bullying Raven. She hangs out with her posse, which includes followers Muffy and Loka. She was first introduced in Season 2 in the episode ``Do n't Have a Cow ''. In`` Run Raven Run'', we learn that Alana and Raven were best friends until 4th grade when a school play had them both competing for the role of the Tooth Fairy (which Raven got, while Alana portrayed the tooth decay), and would ultimately end their friendship. Alana and Raven almost became friends again when Raven ``teamed up ''with Alana's posse (in the episode`` Clothes Minded''), which happens after Chelsea and Eddie do not support Raven's school ``protest ''. In the episode`` Run, Raven, Run'', Raven and Alana briefly become friends until Chelsea reveals that Raven put chewing gum in Alana's hair. This causes her to get her head shaved and covered up. Alana, Muffy, and Loka also spend the night at Raven's house in the episode ``Shake, Rattle, and Rae ''. In this episode, Raven and Alana almost become friends again, until Alana announces that`` the score is 1 -- 0''. She was replaced in season 3 by Bianca (Erica Rivera), because, according to Muffy, she was so bad, she got sent to military school, while Bianca was so bad that she got kicked out of military school. Title: San Francisco Passage: San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city - county in 1856. After three - quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama - Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the ``hippie ''counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines. Title: Beirut Open City Passage: Beirut Open City () (Arabic: دخان بلا نار doukhan bila nar) is a 2008 Lebanese film by the Lebanese director Samir Habchi. The film takes place after the Lebanese Civil War during the 1990s and the Syrian occupation of Lebanon. Title: 2022 Commonwealth Games Passage: The Games are expected to take place between 27 July and 7 August 2022. The city was announced as the host at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham on 21 December 2017. Title: Zagreb Pride Passage: Zagreb Pride is the LGBT pride march in the city of Zagreb, capital of Croatia, with first taking place in 2002. Zagreb Pride is the first successful pride march that took place in Southeast Europe, and has become an annual event. Zagreb Pride members claim their work is inspired by the Stonewall Riots and Gay Liberation Front. Title: Murder in E Minor Passage: Murder in E Minor is a 1986 Nero Wolfe novel written by Robert Goldsborough. The action takes place in New York City, primarily New York County, better known as Manhattan. Title: Super Bowl XLVII Passage: Super Bowl XLVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Ravens and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2012 season. The Ravens defeated the 49ers by the score of 34-31, handing the 49ers their first Super Bowl loss in franchise history. The game was played on Sunday, February 3, 2013 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. This was the tenth Super Bowl to be played in New Orleans, equaling Miami's record of ten in an individual city. This was the first Super Bowl to be held in New Orleans since Super Bowl XXXVI and it was the first to be played in that city since Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. Title: New York City Horror Film Festival Passage: The New York City Horror Film Festival is an international film festival based in New York City that screens films from the horror genre. It was founded by Michael J. Hein in 2001. It takes place each year in New York City for a week in November.	[ "San Francisco", "That's So Raven" ]
How many buildings are over 200 m high in the city they were planning to bomb?	50	[]	Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: By August 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bomb, and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25. On August 6, one of its B - 29s dropped a Little Boy uranium gun - type bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a Fat Man plutonium implosion - type bomb was dropped by another B - 29 on Nagasaki. The bombs immediately devastated their targets. Over the next two to four months, the acute effects of the atomic bombings killed 90,000 -- 146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000 -- 80,000 people in Nagasaki; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day. Large numbers of people continued to die from the effects of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition, for many months afterward. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison. Title: Rosemont High School Passage: Rosemont High School is a public high school located in Sacramento, California, USA. Designed by DLR Group, its completed buildings opened in 2003. Rosemont H.S. is part of the Sacramento City Unified School District. Title: Sugar Island (Detroit River) Passage: For many years Sugar island was held in private ownership with plans to build a bridge and residential housing on the island. There were objections to this plan, mainly by environmental groups, as the island is a resting point for many species of migratory birds. The island was recently purchased by the US Fish and Wildlife service for $434,100 and will be made into a wildlife refuge. Title: Jaish-e-Mohammed Passage: An informant, posing as a member of Jaish-e-Mohammed, helped police to arrest four people allegedly plotting to bomb a New York City synagogue as well as to shoot Stinger missiles at military aircraft in the United States. The arrest of the four took place in May 2009. One of the four, by the name of James Cromitie, allegedly expressed the desire to join Jaish-e-Mohammed. This expression allegedly took place approximately a year prior to this arrest. Title: Melbourne Passage: In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victorian buildings, two of which — the Rialto Building (1889) designed by William Pitt and the Winfield Building (1890) designed by Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight — still remain today and more recently hi-rise apartment buildings including Eureka Tower (2006), which is listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: The Oklahoma City National Memorial in the northern part of Oklahoma City's downtown was created as the inscription on its eastern gate of the Memorial reads, "to honor the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were changed forever on April 19, 1995"; the memorial was built on the land formerly occupied by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building complex prior to its 1995 bombing. The outdoor Symbolic Memorial can be visited 24 hours a day for free, and the adjacent Memorial Museum, located in the former Journal Record building damaged by the bombing, can be entered for a small fee. The site is also home to the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a non-partisan, nonprofit think tank devoted to the prevention of terrorism. Title: Tucson, Arizona Passage: Southeast Tucson continues to experience rapid residential development. The area includes Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The area is considered to be south of Golf Links Road. It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborhoods, and Pima Community College East Campus. The Atterbury Wash with its access to excellent bird watching is also located in the Southeast Tucson area. The suburban community of Rita Ranch houses many of the military families from Davis-Monthan, and is near the southeastern-most expansion of the current city limits. Close by Rita Ranch and also within the city limits lies Civano, a planned development meant to showcase ecologically sound building practices and lifestyles. Title: New York City Passage: Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing. Title: Bombing of Dresden in World War II Passage: The bombing of Dresden was a British / American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II in the European Theatre. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high - explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed over 1,600 acres (6.5 km) of the city centre. An estimated 22,700 to 25,000 people were killed, although larger casualty figures have been claimed. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railway marshalling yard and one smaller raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas. Title: Łódź Passage: The most notable and recognizable landmark of the city is Piotrkowska Street, which remains the high-street and main tourist attraction in the city, runs north to south for a little over five kilometres (3.1 miles). This makes it one of the longest commercial streets in the world. Most of the building façades, many of which date back to the 19th century, have been renovated. It is the site of most restaurants, bars and cafes in Łódź's city centre. Title: Plymouth Passage: The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges and it is also available to hire for private events. The Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way became a listed building in June 2007 because of its quality and period features, but has become the centre of a controversy as the council planned for its demolition estimating that it could cost £40m to refurbish it, resulting in possible job losses. Title: Klarenthal Passage: Klarenthal is a borough of Wiesbaden, capital of the federal state of Hesse, Germany. The community, situated on the slopes of the Taunus Mountains, was planned by architect and urban planner Ernst May in the style of a commuter town in the early 1960s. It was built on free arable land between the railway line to Bad Schwalbach and Klarenthaler Straße, overlooking the city center of Wiesbaden proper. Klarenthal consists mainly of large multi-family homes and residential high-rise buildings, surrounded with lots of green space, as well as many townhouses. The ground-breaking ceremony was held on September 11, 1964 and the first residents moved in in late February 1966. Today, over 10,000 people live there.	[ "Jaish-e-Mohammed", "New York City" ]
what is the average income in the area where Murray Park is located?	$103,845	[]	Title: Biysky District Passage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: Title: List of countries by GDP (nominal) Passage: The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $19.39 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population, capital investment, moderate unemployment, high consumer spending, a relatively young population, and technological innovation. Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy, with a GDP of about $32 million, because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes. Title: Murray Park, California Passage: Murray Park is an unincorporated community in Marin County, California. It is located south-southwest of downtown San Rafael, at an elevation of 82 feet (25 m). Title: List of countries by GDP (nominal) Passage: The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $18.56 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population, capital investment, moderate unemployment, high consumer spending, a relatively young population, and technological innovation. Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy with a GDP of about $32 million because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes. Title: Northwest Passage Territorial Park Passage: The Northwest Passage Territorial Park is located at Gjoa Haven, on King William Island, Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. The park consists of six areas that show in part the history of the exploration of the Northwest Passage and the first successful passage by Roald Amundsen in the Gjøa. Title: List of highest-income counties in the United States Passage: Rank County State Median Household Income Loudoun County Virginia $134,464 Howard County Maryland $120,941 Fairfax County Virginia $115,717 Hunterdon County New Jersey $113,684 5 Santa Clara County California $111,069 6 Arlington County Virginia $110,388 7 Douglas County Colorado $109,292 8 San Mateo County California $108,627 9 Morris County New Jersey $106,985 10 Williamson County Tennessee $106,054 11 Nassau County New York $105,870 12 Somerset County New Jersey $104,478 13 Marin County California $103,845 14 San Francisco County California $103,801 15 Delaware County Ohio $101,693 16 Forsyth County Georgia $100,909 17 Montgomery County Maryland $99,763 18 Calvert County Maryland $98,732 19 Prince William County Virginia $97,986 20 Stafford County Virginia $97,484 21 Putnam County New York $96,992 22 Anne Arundel County Maryland $96,483 23 Charles County Maryland $95,735 24 Rockwall County Texas $95,731 25 Middlesex County Massachusetts $95,249 Title: Clear Water Bay Country Park Passage: Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like: Title: East Pine Provincial Park Passage: East Pine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located east of Chetwynd in the Peace River Block at the junction of the Pine and Murray Rivers. The park was established in 1982 and is 14.2 hectares in size. Title: Khabarovsky District Passage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Territory of Papua Passage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975. Title: Paddys River (South West Slopes, New South Wales) Passage: Paddys River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park Passage: Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia. The park is home to both Uluru and Kata Tjuta. It is located south of Darwin by road and south-west of Alice Springs along the Stuart and Lasseter Highways. The park covers and includes the features it is named after: Uluru and, to its west, Kata Tjuta. The location is listed with UNESCO World Heritage sites for natural and cultural landscape.	[ "Murray Park, California", "List of highest-income counties in the United States" ]
Who founded the manufacturer of the AMC 35?	Louis Renault	[]	Title: AMC 35 Passage: The AMC 35 (from "Automitrailleuse de Combat Renault modèle 1935"), also known under a manufacturer's designation Renault ACG-1, was a French medium cavalry tank of the later Interwar era that served in the Second World War. It was developed as a result of the change of the specification that had led to the design of the AMC 34, calling for a vehicle that was not only well-armed and mobile but also well-armoured. Due to technological and financial problems production was delayed and limited, with Belgium as the only user to create active units with the type. The AMC 35 was one of the few French tanks of the period featuring a two-man turret. Title: The Love Flower Passage: The Love Flower is a 1920 American silent drama film produced by D. W. Griffith and released through the then nascent United Artist company of which Griffith was a founding partner. Title: Renault Primaquatre Passage: The Renault Primaquatre was an automobile produced from 1931 to 1941 by Renault, the last car built before Louis Renault's death in 1944.	[ "AMC 35", "Renault Primaquatre" ]
After Gorbachev left office, who became president of the country where Kseniya Boguslavskaya's husband was born?	Boris Yeltsin	[]	Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: On September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one had ever voluntarily resigned from the Politburo. At the October 27, 1987, plenary meeting of the Central Committee, Yeltsin, frustrated that Gorbachev had not addressed any of the issues outlined in his resignation letter, criticized the slow pace of reform, servility to the general secretary, and opposition from Ligachev that had led to his (Yeltsin's) resignation. No one had ever addressed the Party leader so brazenly in front of the Central Committee since Leon Trotsky in the 1920s. In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of "political immaturity" and "absolute irresponsibility." No one backed Yeltsin. Title: Ivan Puni Passage: Ivan Puni was born in Kuokkala (then Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, now Repino in Russia) to a family of Italian origins. He is the grandson of an eminent Italian composer of ballet music, Cesare Pugni. Title: Yale University Passage: The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977 Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994 Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002 Provost Alison Richard became the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007 Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College. In 2003, the Dean of the Divinity School, Rebecca Chopp, was appointed president of Colgate University and now heads Swarthmore College. Title: 2004 Haitian coup d'état Passage: The 2004 Haitian coup d'état occurred after conflicts lasting for several weeks in Haiti during February 2004. It resulted in the removal from office of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide preventing him from finishing his second term, and he left Haiti on a United States (U.S.) plane accompanied by U.S. military/security personnel. Title: Marais Viljoen Passage: Marais Viljoen, (2 December 1915 – 4 January 2007) was the last ceremonial State President of South Africa from 4 June 1979 until 3 September 1984. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices into an executive presidency. Title: State Council of the Soviet Union Passage: Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union Republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power to elect a premier, or a person who would take Gorbachev's place if absent; the office of Vice President of the Soviet Union had been abolished following the failed August Coup that very same year. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: In the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN). At the next Central Committee meeting on October 15, Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Talyzin became a candidate. Finally, on December 23, 1985, Gorbachev appointed Yeltsin First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party replacing Viktor Grishin. Title: United States Secret Service Passage: In 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees. In 1965 and 1968, Congress also authorized lifetime protection of the spouses of deceased presidents unless they remarry and of the children of former presidents until age 16. Title: Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu Passage: Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu (born 13 April 1960) is the fifth and current President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Among many notable accomplishments since taking office, he has been recognized most widely for his diplomatic determination and leadership in forging global consensus on the CORSIA MBM, a carbon offsetting scheme, at ICAO’s 39th Assembly in 2016, and has helped to refocus ICAO on the assistance and capacity-building aspects of its mandate since taking office in 2014, under the No Country Left Behind initiative. Title: List of presidents of India Passage: There have been 14 presidents of India since the introduction of the post in 1950 (the current tenure is 5 years of an Indian President's term). The post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian constitution. Apart from these thirteen, three acting presidents have also been in office for short periods of time. Varahagiri Venkata Giri became Indian Acting President in 1969 following the death of Zakir Husain, who died in office. Giri was elected President a few months later. He remains the only person to have held office both as a president and acting president. Giri was the only person to be elected as an independent candidate. The President may remain in office for a tenure of five years, as stated by article 56, part V, of the constitution of India. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the vice president assumes office. By article 70 of part V, the parliament may decide how to discharge the functions of the president where this is not possible, or in any other unexpected contingency. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, is the only person to have held office for two terms. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: The dissolution of the Soviet Union was formally enacted on December 26, 1991, as a result of the declaration no. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or not at all. On the previous day, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers – including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes – to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7:32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag. Title: Kseniya Boguslavskaya Passage: Born in St. Petersburg, she studied art in Paris from 1911 to 1913. She returned to St. Petersburg in 1913 and married Ivan Puni. Their apartment in St Petersburg became a meeting place for avant-garde artists and poets. With Puni she published the cubo-futurist booklet "Roaring Parnassus" («Рыкающий Парнас») in 1914.	[ "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "Kseniya Boguslavskaya", "Ivan Puni" ]
Who was the President of the country Michael Mbabuike is from?	Goodluck Jonathan	[]	Title: Michael Mbabuike Passage: Michael Chikelu Mbabuike (August 1943 – December 2006) was a Nigerian poet, professor, and linguist. He held the chair of African Studies in the Humanities Department at Hostos Community College of the City University of New York, and was president of the Faculty Senate there. Title: Nigeria Passage: Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries. Title: Angels Working Overtime Passage: "Angels Working Overtime" is a song written by Michael Dulaney and Michael Lunn, and recorded by American country music artist Deana Carter. It was released in April 1999 as the third single from the album "Everything's Gonna Be Alright". "Angels Working Overtime" was Carter's eighth Top 40 hit, with a peak position at number 35 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks. It was less successful on the Canadian "RPM" Country Tracks, where it peaked at number 55.	[ "Nigeria", "Michael Mbabuike" ]
66 of the people whom the Soviets not want to engage in conflict were held hostage for 444 days in the late 1970s by a country. What is the presumed largest ethnic group of this country?	Persians	[]	Title: Iran hostage crisis Passage: The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America. Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. Title: Peachtree Road Race Passage: The Atlanta Journal - Constitution Peachtree Road Race (AJC) is a 10 - kilometer run held annually in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 4, Independence Day. The AJC Peachtree Road Race is the world's largest 10 - kilometer race (an estimated 60,000 participants in 2011), a title it has held since the late 1970s. The race has become a citywide tradition in which over 70,000 amateur and professional runners try to register for one of the limited 60,000 spots. The event also includes a wheelchair race (known as the Shepherd Center wheelchair division), which precedes the footrace. In recent years, the race also has a special divisions for soldiers stationed in the Middle East. The race attracts some of the world's elite 10K runners and has served as both the United States' men's and women's 10K championship. Title: Korean War Passage: In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. Title: Malaya Sadovaya (painting) Passage: Malaya Sadovaya Street is a 1979 oil painting by the Russian artist Alexander Semionov, depicting Malaya Sadovaya Street in Leningrad on rainy day of the end of the 1970s. This cityscape was painted in traditions of the Leningrad School of Painting and Soviet figurative painting of late socialist realism with their typical synthesis of realistic and impressionistic traditions to create an image of modernity. Title: Iran Passage: As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity. The CIA's World Factbook has estimated that around 79% of the population of Iran are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise the speakers of Iranian languages, with Persians constituting 53% of the population, Gilaks and Mazanderanis 7%, Kurds 10%, Lurs 6%, and Balochs 2%. Peoples of the other ethnicities in Iran make up the remaining 22%, with Azerbaijanis constituting 16%, Arabs 2%, Turkmens and Turkic tribes 2%, and others 2% (such as Armenians, Talysh, Georgians, Circassians, Assyrians). Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews. The Charles Towne Library Society was established in 1748 by well-born young men who wanted to share the financial cost to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina. Until its transition to state ownership in 1970, this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States. Title: Kathmandu Passage: The largest ethnic groups are Newar (29.6%), Matwali (25.1% Sunuwar, Gurung, Magars, Tamang etc.), Khas Brahmins (20.51%) and Chettris (18.5%) . Tamangs originating from surrounding hill districts can be seen in Kathmandu. More recently, other hill ethnic groups and Caste groups from Terai have come to represent a substantial proportion of the city's population. The major languages are Nepali and Nepal Bhasa, while English is understood by many, particularly in the service industry. The major religions are Hinduism and Buddhism. Title: The Times Passage: Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963. Title: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Passage: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed itself the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The following day, thousands attended a memorial service at Demianiv Laz, and a temporary marker was placed to indicate that a monument to the "victims of the repressions of 1939–1941" soon would be erected. Title: Iran Passage: On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords. Title: Iranian Embassy siege Passage: The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television.	[ "Korean War", "Iran hostage crisis", "Iran" ]
What is the average rainfall in the city where the group was formed that performed the song Brother?	37.49 inches	[]	Title: Zhejiang Passage: There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific. Title: San Diego Passage: Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm). Title: Oklahoma Passage: The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture. Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of generally over 40 inches (1,020 mm) and up to 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm). Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought. Title: Seattle Passage: From 1981 to 2010, the average annual precipitation measured at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport was 37.49 inches (952 mm). Annual precipitation has ranged from 23.78 in (604 mm) in 1952 to 55.14 in (1,401 mm) in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is 23.16 in (588 mm) in 1976–77 to 51.82 in (1,316 mm) in 1996–97. Due to local variations in microclimate, Seattle also receives significantly lower precipitation than some other locations west of the Cascades. Around 80 mi (129 km) to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of 142 in (3.61 m). Sixty miles to the south of Seattle, the state capital Olympia, which is out of the Olympic Mountains' rain shadow, receives an annual average precipitation of 50 in (1,270 mm). The city of Bremerton, about 15 mi (24 km) west of downtown Seattle, receives 56.4 in (1,430 mm) of precipitation annually. Title: Pearl Jam Passage: Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. The band's current lineup comprises founding members Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass), and longtime drummer Matt Cameron. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November. Title: Tucson, Arizona Passage: At the airport, where records have been kept since 1930, the record maximum temperature was 117 °F (47 °C) on June 26, 1990, and the record minimum temperature was 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 4, 1949. There is an average of 145.0 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 16.9 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 53 days. The wettest year was 1983 with 21.86 in (555 mm) of precipitation, and the driest year was 1953 with 5.34 in (136 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 7.93 in (201 mm) in August 1955. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.93 in (100 mm) on July 29, 1958. Snow at the airport averages only 1.1 in (2.8 cm) annually. The most snow received in one year was 8.3 in (21 cm) and the most snow in one month was 6.8 in (17 cm) in December 1971. Title: Istanbul Passage: Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in). Title: Fiji Passage: The climate in Fiji is tropical marine and warm year round with minimal extremes. The warm season is from November to April and the cooler season lasts from May to October. Temperatures in the cool season still average 22 °C (72 °F). Rainfall is variable, with the warm season experiencing heavier rainfall, especially inland. For the larger islands, rainfall is heavier on the southeast portions of the islands than on the northwest portions, with consequences for agriculture in those areas. Winds are moderate, though cyclones occur about once a year (10–12 times per decade).On 20 February 2016, Fiji was hit by the full force of Cyclone Winston, the only Category 5 tropical cyclone to make landfall in the nation. Winston destroyed tens of thousands of homes across the island, killing 44 people and causing an estimated FJ$2 billion (US$1 billion) in damage. Title: Cherrapunji Passage: Sohra or Cherrapunji has a mild subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), with monsoonal influences typical of India. The city's annual rainfall average stands at 11,777 millimetres (463.7 in). This figure places it behind only nearby Mawsynram, Meghalaya, whose average is 11,873 millimetres (467.4 in). Cherrapunji receives both the southwest and northeast monsoonal winds, giving it a single monsoon season. It lies on the windward side of the Khasi Hills, so the resulting orographic lift enhances precipitation. In the winter months it receives the northeast monsoon showers that travel down the Brahmaputra valley. The driest months are November, December, January and February. Title: Brother (Pearl Jam song) Passage: "Brother" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, "Brother" was an outtake from the band's debut album, "Ten". The song was included as an instrumental version on the 2003 B-sides and rarities album, "Lost Dogs". The version of "Brother" with vocals appears on the 2009 "Ten" reissue. The version of the song with vocals was released to radio in 2009, however a commercial single was not released. The song topped the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart, where it spent a total of two weeks at number one.	[ "Pearl Jam", "Brother (Pearl Jam song)", "Seattle" ]
When were cable cars introduced to the U.S. city where tank battalions were located prior to the Korean War?	1878	[]	Title: Military history of African Americans Passage: Many soldiers of color served their country with distinction during World War II. There were 125,000 African Americans who were overseas in World War II. Famous segregated units, such as the Tuskegee Airmen and 761st Tank Battalion and the lesser - known but equally distinguished 452nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion, proved their value in combat, leading to desegregation of all U.S. armed forces by order of President Harry S. Truman in July 1948 via Executive Order 9981. Title: Korean War Passage: After the Incheon landing, the 1st Cavalry Division began its northward advance from the Pusan Perimeter. "Task Force Lynch" (after Lieutenant Colonel James H. Lynch), 3rd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, and two 70th Tank Battalion units (Charlie Company and the Intelligence–Reconnaissance Platoon) effected the "Pusan Perimeter Breakout" through 106.4 miles (171.2 km) of enemy territory to join the 7th Infantry Division at Osan. The X Corps rapidly defeated the KPA defenders around Seoul, thus threatening to trap the main KPA force in Southern Korea. Title: 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry Regiment Passage: The 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry Regiment was a unit of the Ohio Army National Guard, with troops in multiple locations throughout northeastern Ohio and has served in the United States of America's major wars and conflicts since 1898 until its inactivation on 31 August 2007. Title: 5th Battalion 52d Air Defense Artillery (United States) Passage: The 5th Battalion, 52nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment (United States) is an air defense artillery battalion in the United States Army based at Fort Bliss, Texas. Known as "five-five-deuce," the battalion motto is "Always Prepared" The former motto was "We Build Warriors". The battalion is part of 11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade and the 32nd Army Air & Missile Defense Command (32nd AAMDC). Title: Franco-Thai War Passage: The slightly larger Thai Army was a relatively well-equipped force. Consisting of 60,000 men, it was made up of four armies. The largest were the Burapha Army with five divisions and the Isan Army with three divisions. Independent formations under direct control of the army high command included two motorised cavalry battalions, one artillery battalion, one signals battalion, one engineer battalion, and one armoured regiment. The artillery was a mixture of Krupp guns and modern Bofors guns and Howitzers, while 60 Carden Loyd tankettes and 30 Vickers 6-ton tanks made up the bulk of the army's tank force. Title: Battle of Tarawa Passage: Early attempts to land tanks for close support and to get past the sea wall failed when the LCM landing craft carrying them hung up behind the reef. Some of these craft were hit out in the lagoon while they waited to move in to the beach and either sank outright or had to withdraw while taking on water. Two Stuart tanks were landed on the east end of the beach but were knocked out of action fairly quickly. The battalion commander of 3rd Battalion, 2nd Regiment found several LCMs near the reef and ordered them to land their Sherman tanks and head to Red Beach 2. The LCMs dropped ramps and the six tanks came down, climbed over the reef and dropped into the surf beyond. They were guided in to shore by Marines on foot, but several of these tanks fell into holes caused by the naval gunfire bombardment and sank. The surviving Shermans on the western end of the island proved considerably more effective than the lighter Stuarts. They helped push the line in to about 300 yards (270 m) from shore. One became stuck in a tank trap and another was knocked out by a magnetic mine. The remaining tank took a shell hit to its barrel and had its 75 mm gun disabled. It was used as a portable machine gun pillbox for the rest of the day. A third platoon was able to land all four of its tanks on Red 3 around noon and operated them successfully for much of the day, but by day's end only one tank was still in action. Title: San Francisco cable car system Passage: San Francisco cable car system Cable car on Powell Street Overview Owner San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Area served Chinatown, Financial District, Fisherman's Wharf, Nob Hill, Russian Hill, Union Square Locale San Francisco Transit type Cable car Number of lines Line number 59 Powell - Mason 60 Powell - Hyde 61 California St. Number of stations 62 Daily ridership 20,100 (2014) Annual ridership 7,409,400 (2014) Headquarters San Francisco Cable Car Museum Website sfmta.com Operation Began operation California St. line: 1878 Powell - Mason line: 1888 Powell - Hyde line: 1957 Operator (s) San Francisco Municipal Railway Reporting marks MUNI Character Street running with some reserved right - of - ways Number of vehicles California St. line: 12 double - ended cars Powell - Mason / Hyde lines: 28 single - ended cars Train length 1 grip car Technical System length California St. line: 1.4 mi (2.3 km) Powell - Mason line: 1.6 mi (2.6 km) Powell - Hyde line: 2.1 mi (3.4 km) No. of tracks Track gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Top speed 9.5 mph (15.3 km / h) hide System map Title: Stein (Obersaxen) Passage: The Stein (2,172 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, overlooking Obersaxen in the canton of Graubünden. It lies between the main Rhine valley, the Surselva, and the Lumnezia. A cable car station (2,144 m) is located near the summit. Title: Knoxville Raceway Passage: Knoxville Raceway is a semi-banked 1/2 mile dirt oval raceway (zook clay) located at the Marion County Fairgrounds in Knoxville, Iowa, United States. Races at the "Sprint Car Capital of the World" are held on Saturday nights from April through September each year. Some special events may start as early as Wednesday and build up to Saturday. Regular events include 305 cubic inch, 360 cubic inch and 410 cubic inch sprint car racing. Each August, the Raceway holds the paramount sprint car event in the United States, the Knoxville Nationals. The track is governed by the 24-member fair board elected by Marion County residents. Title: Alps Passage: Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain. Title: 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines Passage: 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines (1/3) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Nicknamed the "Lava Dogs", the battalion consists of approximately 800 Marines and sailors and falls under the command of the 3rd Marine Regiment of the 3rd Marine Division. Title: Korean War Passage: Meanwhile, U.S. garrisons in Japan continually dispatched soldiers and matériel to reinforce defenders in the Pusan Perimeter. Tank battalions deployed to Korea directly from the U.S. mainland from the port of San Francisco to the port of Pusan, the largest Korean port. By late August, the Pusan Perimeter had some 500 medium tanks battle-ready. In early September 1950, ROK Army and UN Command forces outnumbered the KPA 180,000 to 100,000 soldiers. The UN forces, once prepared, counterattacked and broke out of the Pusan Perimeter.	[ "Korean War", "San Francisco cable car system" ]
When did the season where Derek died in Grey's Anatomy air?	September 25, 2014	[]	Title: Derek Shepherd Passage: In season 11, Derek is involved in a fatal car accident while driving to the airport for his final trip to Washington. He is able to hear and process auditory input, but unable to speak. He is recognized by Winnie, one of the victims of a crash he assisted in earlier, who tells the surgeons that their patient's name is Derek and that he is a surgeon as well. The hospital he was taken to was understaffed and his head injury was not detected quickly enough by the interns on duty that night. Although the neurosurgeon on call is paged multiple times, he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother. Title: Derek Shepherd Passage: Derek Shepherd Grey's Anatomy character Patrick Dempsey as Derek Shepherd in 2012 First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)'' (11.25) May 14, 2015 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Patrick Dempsey Information Full name Derek Christopher Shepherd Nickname (s) McDreamy Occupation Attending neurosurgeon Member of the Board (former) Chief of Surgery (former) Head of Neurosurgery (former) Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Mr. Shepherd (father, deceased) Carolyn Maloney Shepherd (mother) Nancy Shepherd (sister) Kathleen ``Kate ''Shepherd (sister) Elizabeth`` Lizzie'' Shepherd (sister) Amelia Shepherd (sister) 9 unnamed nieces 6 unnamed nephews (one deceased) Spouse (s) Addison Montgomery (m. 1994; div. 2006) Meredith Grey (m. 2009 -- 2015) Significant other (s) Rose Children Zola Shepherd (daughter) Derek Bailey Shepherd (son) Ellis Shepherd (daughter) (with Meredith) certifications M.D. F.A.C.S Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 11) Passage: The eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode ``I Must Have Lost it on the Wind ''and concluded with the season finale`` You're My Home'' airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season -- Life Changes on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.	[ "Derek Shepherd", "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)" ]
In which country is Logan, a city in the county sharing a border with Corsicana Township's county in the state where the largest ancestry group is German?	U.S.	[ "America", "U.S", "the United States", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]	Title: Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri Passage: Logan is an unincorporated community in eastern Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located off U.S. Route 60, one mile northeast of Marionville. Several homes are located there. Title: Corsicana Township, Barry County, Missouri Passage: Corsicana Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 326. Title: Monett, Missouri Passage: Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018. Title: Missouri Passage: The five largest ancestry groups in Missouri are: German (27.4 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (10.2 percent), American (8.5 percent) and French (3.7 percent).	[ "Missouri", "Logan, Lawrence County, Missouri", "Corsicana Township, Barry County, Missouri", "Monett, Missouri" ]

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