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In which year was the performer of Secrets formed?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were \"the words of Jehovah.\" George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, \"it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do.\" However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, \"Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time.\"\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Zone de Sensibilité Picturale Immatérielle (Zone of immaterial pictorial sensibility) is an artist's book and performance by the French artist Yves Klein. The work involved the sale of documentation of ownership of empty space (the Immaterial Zone), taking the form of a cheque, in exchange for gold; if the buyer wished, the piece could then be completed in an elaborate ritual in which the buyer would burn the cheque, and Klein would throw half of the gold into the Seine. The ritual would be performed in the presence of an art critic or distinguished dealer, an art museum director and at least two witnesses.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: ``You Raise Me Up ''is a song originally composed by Irish - Norwegian duo Secret Garden. The music was written by Secret Garden's Rolf Løvland and the lyrics by Brendan Graham. After the song was performed early in 2002 by the Secret Garden and their invited lead singer, Brian Kennedy, the song only became a minor UK hit. The song has been recorded by more than a hundred other artists including Josh Groban, who popularized the song in 2003; his rendition became a hit in the United States. The Irish band Westlife then popularized the song in the UK two years later.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: \"Secrets\" was the second single by Grinspoon which was released from their second studio album \"Easy\". It was released in January 2000 on the Grudge label (the Australian imprint of Universal Records), reaching No. 83 on the Australian Singles Chart and polling at No. 73 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2000.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Little Big Shots is an Australian reality television show which premiered on the Seven Network on 27 August 2017. The program, based on the American format of the same name, is hosted by Shane Jacobson and features performances by children aged 3 to 13 years old.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Top Gear is a show that started in April 1977, as a half hour motoring programme on the BBC in the United Kingdom. The original format ran for 24 years up to December 2001. A revamped format of the show began nearly one year later, in October 2002.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: DAG is an American sitcom that aired from November 2000 to May 2001 on NBC. It was named after its star, David Alan Grier, who stars as United States Secret Service agent Jerome Daggett. Daggett's name, in turn, is a back-formation. The show also stars Delta Burke as the First Lady of the United States of America.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The semi-finals for Melodifestivalen 2002 began on 19 January 2002. Ten songs from these semi-finals qualified for the final on 1 March 2002. This was the first year that a semi-final format had been used for the competition. This was the first year that songs were permitted in languages other than Swedish, resulting in a significant number of English language songs, and two songs with lyrics in Spanish. \"Ett vackert par\", composed by Py Bäckman and Micke Wennborn was disqualified before the competition, when the dance band Grönwalls had performed it on the radio before the contest (not knowing it was supposed to enter). Nanne Grönvall and Nick Borgen was thought as possible performers. It was replaced by \"Sista andetaget\".\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: All of the regular cast performed their own vocals, although two actors were given minimal singing at their request. ``Once More, with Feeling ''is the most technically complex episode in the series, as extra voice and dance training for the cast was interspersed with the production of four other Buffy episodes. It was Joss Whedon's first attempt at writing music, and different styles -- from 1950s sitcom theme music to rock opera -- express the characters' secrets in specific ways. The episode was well received critically upon airing, specifically for containing the humor and wit to which fans had become accustomed. The musical format allowed characters to stay true to their natures while they struggled to overcome deceit and miscommunication, fitting with the sixth season's themes of growing up and facing adult responsibilities. It is considered one of the most effective and popular episodes of the series, and -- prior to a financial dispute in 2007 -- was shown in theaters with the audience invited to sing along.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Grinspoon is an Australian rock band from Lismore, New South Wales formed in 1995 and fronted by Phil Jamieson on vocals and guitar with Pat Davern on guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar and Kristian Hopes on drums. Also in 1995, they won the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition for Lismore, with their post-grunge song \"Sickfest\". Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon an Associate Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use." ]	1995	[ "Passage 4", "Passage 10" ]
In what time period did the Muslim conquest of the region conquered by the Ottoman Navy in the early 16th century take place?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The caliphate was claimed by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire beginning with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389), while recognising no authority on the part of the Abbasid caliphs of the Mamluk - ruled Cairo. Hence the seat of the caliphate moved to the Ottoman capital of Edirne. In 1453, after Mehmed the Conqueror's conquest of Constantinople, the seat of the Ottomans moved to Constantinople, present - day Istanbul. In 1517, the Ottoman sultan Selim I defeated and annexed the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo into his empire. Through conquering and unifying Muslim lands, Selim I became the defender of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina, which further strengthened the Ottoman claim to the caliphate in the Muslim world. Ottomans gradually came to be viewed as the de facto leaders and representatives of the Islamic world. However, the earlier Ottoman caliphs did not officially bear the title of caliph in their documents of state, inscriptions, or coinage. It was only in the late eighteenth century that the claim to the caliphate was discovered by the sultans to have a practical use, since it allowed them to counter Russian claims to protect Ottoman Christians with their own claim to protect Muslims under Russian rule.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. After the Empire lost the Balkan Wars (1912–13), it lost all its Balkan territories except East Thrace (European Turkey). This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule. Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922 several million Muslims died in the Balkans, with the expulsion of a similar number.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: After the fall of Tiwanaku empire, the many Aymara Lake Titicaca were conquered by the Inca empire. Prior to the Spanish conquest, the Andean province of Qullasuyu was a part of the Inca empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent nomadic tribes. Spanish conquistadors, arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial rule, Bolivia was known as Upper Peru and administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Bolivian Republic, named for the Liberator Simón Bolívar, on August 6, 1825. Since then Bolivia has endured regular periods of political and economic instability, including the loss of various provinces to its neighbors, such as Acre, parts of the Gran Chaco and its Pacific coast, making it a land - locked country.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْإٍسْـلَامِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - Islāmiyyuash - Shām) or Arab conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْـعَـرَبِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - ʿArabiyyu Lish - Shām) occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the conquest of the region known as the Levant or Shaam (Arabic: شَـام ‎, 'Syria'), later to become the Islamic Province of Bilad al - Sham, as part of the Islamic conquests. Arab Muslim forces had appeared on the southern borders even before the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, resulting in the Battle of Mu'tah in 629, but the real invasion began in 634 under his successors, the Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab, with Khalid ibn al - Walid as their most important military leader.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The County of Sicily, also known as County of Sicily and Calabria, was a Norman state comprising the islands of Sicily and Malta and part of Calabria from 1071 until 1130. The county began to form during the Christian reconquest of Sicily (1061–91) from the Muslim Emirate, established by conquest in 965. The county is thus a transitional period in the history of Sicily. After the Muslims had been defeated and either forced out or incorporated into the Norman military, a further period of transition took place for the county and the Sicilians.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, lit. ``The Four Regions ''), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern - day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century. Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians. In 1514, Sultan Selim I, nicknamed \"the Grim\" because of his cruelty, ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered heretics, reportedly proclaiming that \"the killing of one Alevi had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians.\"[page needed] Selim was also responsible for an unprecedented and rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire into the Middle East, especially through his conquest of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included much of the region. With these conquests, Selim further solidified the Ottoman claim for being an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the 14th century starting with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389). The caliphate would remain held by Ottoman sultans for the rest of the office's duration, which ended with its abolition on 3 March 1924 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the exile of the last caliph, Abdülmecid II, to France.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: In the 14th century, much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Byzantine Empire at first to the Serbs and then to the Ottomans. By the beginning of the 15th century, the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to its then-largest city, Thessaloniki, and the Peloponnese (Despotate of the Morea). After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans. However, this, too, fell to the Ottomans in 1460, completing the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece. With the Turkish conquest, many Byzantine Greek scholars, who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge, fled to the West, taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year." ]	mid-7th to early 8th centuries	[ "Passage 10" ]
How many museums are in the place Sokrates Starynkiewicz died?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Bobo (1951–1968) was a western lowland gorilla (\"Gorilla gorilla gorilla\") who was a prominent feature of Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington, USA, from 1953 until his early death at 17 (less than half his normal lifespan). As a publicly accessible gorilla in the wake of \"King Kong\", Bobo was one of Seattle's most prominent attractions before the construction of the Space Needle and the introduction of professional sports to the city. After his death, Bobo's skin was stuffed and placed on display at Seattle's Museum of History and Industry. The remainder of his body was turned over to the University of Washington's Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture for research purposes; however, the skull went missing shortly after his autopsy and wasn't reunited with the rest of the skeleton until 2007.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Many of the area's prominent museums are located in the historic cultural center neighborhood around Wayne State University and the College for Creative Studies. These museums include the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Detroit Historical Museum, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Detroit Science Center, as well as the main branch of the Detroit Public Library. Other cultural highlights include Motown Historical Museum, the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant museum (birthplace of the Ford Model T and the world's oldest car factory building open to the public), the Pewabic Pottery studio and school, the Tuskegee Airmen Museum, Fort Wayne, the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD), the Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit (CAID), and the Belle Isle Conservatory.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at the Santa Fe Depot downtown. The downtown branch consists of two building on two opposite streets. The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The games take place in the star - shaped Kalos Region (カロス地方, Karosu - chihō), one of many such regions across the fictional Pokémon World. Centered around beauty, the region is heavily inspired by France and, to a lesser extent, Europe as a whole. Many locations and landmarks across Kalos have real - world inspirations, including Prism Tower (Eiffel Tower), the Lumiose Art Museum (the Louvre), and the stones outside Geosenge Town (Carnac stones). Wild Pokémon inhabit every corner of the Kalos Region, many of which are only known to appear in this area.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: As interesting examples of expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters in the world, Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum. From among Warsaw's 60 museums, the most prestigious ones are National Museum with a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity till the present epoch as well as one of the best collections of paintings in the country including some paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army whose set portrays the history of arms.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Criminals Hall of Fame Wax Museum was a wax museum on 5751 Victoria Avenue in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. One of many wax museums in the region, it was located at the top of Clifton Hill. The museum featured forty wax statues of notorious criminals, from mobsters to serial killers. The museum was created in 1977 and closed late 2014.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Psychiatry: An Industry of Death is a museum in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, US, as well as several touring exhibitions. It is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), an anti-psychiatry organization founded by the Church of Scientology and psychiatrist Thomas Szasz. The museum is located at 6616 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California and entry to the museum is free.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Lambung Mangkurat Museum is a museum in Jalan Ahmad Yani 36, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The museum has a notable collection of artifacts related to the Banjar and Dayak peoples, with many items being excavated from archaeological sites all around Kalimantan. It is also home to an array of ancient Hindu objects.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art. Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information. Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world. Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and kibbutzim. Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country." ]	60	[ "Passage 5" ]
who did Geoff Blum's team play in the playoffs?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The first use of the best - of - three playoff was in Major League Baseball; the National League authorised such a playoff to be held if two teams ended the season in a tie for first place; the American League used a single game in this situation. Since 1969 both leagues have used only a one - game playoff for all playoff positions which are tied if only one team can advance to the playoffs. Since 1995, a tie - breaker based on season performance can be used only to seed teams.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York, an original member of the American Football League (AFL); later, the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970. The team began to play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds. Under new ownership, the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984. The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts, becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL -- NFL World Championship Game. Since 1968, the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times, and in the AFC Championship Game four times, most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010. However, the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl, making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance, along with the New Orleans Saints and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Hiro Nicolas Vallar (born 22 October 1983) is a footballer from Papeete, Tahiti currently playing for A.S. Central Sport. He is a member of Tahiti national football team.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The franchise was founded in 1999, and played eleven seasons in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Thrashers before moving to Winnipeg in 2011. The team has played six seasons in Winnipeg. They qualified for the playoffs once, in 2015, and lost in the first round to the Anaheim Ducks four games to none.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: 1947: The playoffs were instituted with a three - stage tournament, similar to the Stanley Cup playoffs of the 1930s; the two first - place teams qualified directly to one semifinal where they played each other in a best - of - 7 series. Teams finishing second & third qualified for the best - of - 3 quarterfinals, where the two second - placed teams were paired in one quarterfinal, as were the two third - placed teams, and the two quarterfinal winners played each other in a best - of - three semifinal. The two semifinal winners played each other in the Basketball Association of America (BAA) best - of - 7 final series.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Roland Blum (born 12 July 1945 in Les Pennes-Mirabeau) is a French conservative politician and member of the National Assembly of France. He belongs to the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The New York Giants are an American football team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey. They are a member of the National Football League (NFL) and play in the NFL's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. In 93 completed seasons, the franchise has won eight NFL championships, including four Super Bowl victories. The Giants have won more than 600 games and appeared in the NFL playoffs 32 times. Though the Giants play home games in East Rutherford, they draw fans from throughout the New York metropolitan area. In 2010, the team began playing in MetLife Stadium, formerly New Meadowlands Stadium.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The College Football Playoff system was used to determine a national champion of Division I FBS college football. A 13 - member committee of experts ranked the top 25 teams in the nation after each of the last seven weeks of the 2017 season. The top four teams in the final ranking played a single - elimination semifinal round, with the winners advancing to the National Championship game.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Astros clinched their first division title as a member of the American League West division, and first division title overall since 2001. They also became the first team in Major League history to win three different divisions, the National League West in 1980 and 1986, the National League Central from 1997 -- 1999 and 2001, and now the American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins (the other time was in 1998). They finished 101 -- 61 (with a 21 - game lead in the division), and faced the Red Sox in the second round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Geoffrey Edward Blum (born April 26, 1973) is an American former professional baseball infielder in Major League Baseball and current TV color analyst for the Houston Astros. During his major-league career, he played for the Montreal Expos, Houston Astros, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, San Diego Padres, Chicago White Sox and Arizona Diamondbacks." ]	Red Sox	[ "Passage 9", "Passage 10" ]
Taka Hirose plays an instrument that was first made electric when?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The First Seven Days is an album recorded by jazz musician Jan Hammer in 1975. It features extensive use of synthesizers, including the synthesized \"guitar\" parts (as on his follow-up album, \"Oh Yeah?\"), with the record jacket stating, \"For those concerned: there is \"no guitar\" on this album.\" Other instruments used are grand piano, electric violin and percussion.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Being a private facility, it is situated inside the Meralco Center at Ortigas Avenue in Pasig City. The transformation of the JFCH into an integrated corporate wellness center made the Manila Electric Company the first corporation in the Philippines to institutionalize the implementation of such a program.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Manifold vacuum can be used to drive accessories on automobiles. The best-known application is the vacuum servo, used to provide power assistance for the brakes. Obsolete applications include vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps. Some aircraft instruments (Attitude Indicator (AI) and the Heading Indicator (HI)) are typically vacuum-powered, as protection against loss of all (electrically powered) instruments, since early aircraft often did not have electrical systems, and since there are two readily available sources of vacuum on a moving aircraft—the engine and an external venturi. Vacuum induction melting uses electromagnetic induction within a vacuum.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Orchestral Favorites is an album by Frank Zappa first released in May 1979 on his own DiscReet Records label. The album is instrumental and features music performed by the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: In the 1930s, musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc from Seattle, Washington, who was manufacturing lap steel guitars, developed the first electric string bass in its modern form, a fretted instrument designed to be played horizontally. The 1935 sales catalog for Tutmarc's electronic musical instrument company, Audiovox, featured his ``Model 736 Bass Fiddle '', a four - stringed, solid - bodied, fretted electric bass instrument with a 30 ⁄ - inch (775 - millimetre) scale length. The adoption of a guitar's body shape made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in tune more easily than on fretless acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The typical symphony orchestra consists of four groups of related musical instruments called the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings (violin, viola, cello and double bass). Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes be grouped into a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and electric and electronic instruments. The orchestra, depending on the size, contains almost all of the standard instruments in each group.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Ned Steinberger (b. Princeton, New Jersey, 1948) is an American creator of innovative musical instruments. He is most notable for his design of guitars and basses without a traditional headstock, which are called Steinberger instruments. He also has a line of electric basses and string instruments through his company called NS Design and was also the designer of the first ever Spector bass, the NS. In addition, Ned and Emmett Chapman, creator of the Chapman Stick, collaborated on the creation of the NS Stick, a guitar/bass \"multi-mode\" instrument sold by Stick Enterprises.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: In 1985, in a campaign initiated by then CBS Musical Instruments division president William Schultz (1926 -- 2006), the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company employees purchased the company from CBS and renamed it Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC). Behind the Fender name, FMIC has retained Fender's older models along with newer designs and concepts. The sale however did not include the old Fullerton factory; FMIC had to build a new facility in nearby Corona.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Təkyə (also, Tekyə and Taka) is a village in the Davachi Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Çaraq.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: First Electric Cooperative is a non-profit rural electric utility cooperative headquartered in Jacksonville, Arkansas. The cooperative was organized April 26, 1937, as the first electric cooperative in Arkansas under the federal Rural Electrification Act of 1935. The cooperative energized its first lines April 15, 1938, near Jacksonville with three employees and 150 members." ]	the 1930s	[ "Passage 5" ]
Who fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of the country that released the performer of Best Of?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1992 by guitarist Peter Svensson, bassist Magnus Sveningsson, drummer Bengt Lagerberg, keyboardist Lars-Olof Johansson and lead singer Nina Persson. The group's line-up has been very stable, the only change being that their post-hiatus shows since 2012 have been with Oskar Humlebo on guitar instead of Svensson.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: ``I'd Be Better Off (In a Pine Box) ''is the title of a debut single written by Johnny MacRae and Steve Clark, and recorded by American country music artist Doug Stone. It was released in February 1990 as the first single from his self titled debut album. It peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and # 5 on The Canadian RPM Tracks chart. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Academy Award for Best Actor The 2018 recipient: Gary Oldman Awarded for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role Country United States Presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) First awarded Emil Jannings The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh 1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927 / 1928 film season) Currently held by Gary Oldman Darkest Hour (2017) Website oscars.org\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ``All My Ex's Live In Texas ''is a song written by Sanger D. Shafer and Linda J. Shafer, and recorded by American country singer George Strait. It was released in April 1987 as the second single from Strait's album Ocean Front Property.`` All My Ex's Live In Texas'' was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 1988 Grammy Awards.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: On April 2, 1974, at age 10, Tatum O'Neal won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for New Star Of The Year - Actress for her performance in \"Paper Moon,\" released in May 1973. The youngest ever to win a competitive Academy Award, she turned nine years old during filming in autumn 1972. O'Neal played the role of Addie Loggins, a child con artist being tutored by a Depression-era grifter played by her father, Ryan. In her 2010 appearance on \"RuPaul's Drag Race\", O'Neal stated that her father had not attended the Academy Awards ceremony with her due to his busy schedule.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg (20 January 1562 – 15 February 1605 in Frankfurt) was the youngest daughter of Count Philip III (1526-1561) and Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern (1532-1579). She was born after her father's death and remained unmarried.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Rachel Shelley (born 25 August 1969) is an English actress and model. She is best known for playing Helena Peabody in the Showtime series The L Word and Elizabeth Russell in the Oscar - nominated Bollywood epic Lagaan.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"Radio Nowhere\" is the first single released from Bruce Springsteen's 2007 studio album \"Magic\". It was awarded Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance and Best Rock Song at the Grammy Awards of 2008.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: ``It Must Have Been Love ''is a song written by Per Gessle and performed by the Swedish pop duo Roxette. The ballad became the duo's third number one hit in the United States, and is one of their best selling releases, being certified gold or platinum in a number of countries." ]	Sverker II of Sweden	[ "Passage 1" ]
Who is the county that shares a border with Williamsburg Township's county named after?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Grand Meadow Township is a township in Mower County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 344 at the 2000 census. The city of Grand Meadow, lies on the eastern boundary of Grand Meadow. All other areas of the township are unincorporated areas. The township was named for the typical landscapes within its borders.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Hamilton County is the name of ten counties in the United States of America, eight of them named for Alexander Hamilton, first United States Secretary of the Treasury:\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Parkway Pines is an unincorporated community located along the border of Howell Township in Monmouth County and Brick Township in Ocean County, in New Jersey, United States. The Howell area of this community is called Ramtown.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Williamsburg Township is a township in Franklin County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 672. It was named for the small town of Williamsburg.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Derwent is an unincorporated community in central Valley Township, Guernsey County, Ohio, United States. It is located near the southern border of Guernsey and Noble counties." ]	Alexander Hamilton	[ "Passage 2" ]
When was the last time Auburn won in Tim Breaux's birthplace?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: John G. Veres III is an American academic, and chancellor of Auburn University at Montgomery, the metropolitan campus of Auburn University.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Fuller attended J.O. Johnson High School in Huntsville before signing to play at Auburn University. Fuller enjoyed success at Auburn, including being a member of the undefeated 1993 team and receiving first team All-SEC honors in 1994 and 1995. He is perhaps best known for his part in Auburn's upset versus No. 1 ranked Florida on October 15, 1994, where Andy had 7 receptions for 115 yards and a touchdown. During his career at Auburn (1992–1995), he caught 33 passes for 513 yards and five touchdowns.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Peter David Latham (born 8 January 1984 in Te Awamutu, New Zealand) was a cycling competitor for New Zealand. He competed in the team pursuit at the 2004 Olympic Games, where New Zealand finished tenth. In 2005 Latham won the bronze medal in the Under 23 Individual Time Trial at the Road World Championships in Madrid. He competed at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne where along with Tim Gudsell, Hayden Godfrey and Marc Ryan he won a bronze medal in the Team pursuit.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Durham is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,848 at the 2010 census. It is included in both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Breaux attended the University of Wyoming and joined the Continental Basketball Association's Sioux Falls Skyforce and also played in Europe, including stints in Spain and France. He signed with the NBA's Houston Rockets in 1994 as an undrafted player. He was traded along with Pete Chilcutt to the Vancouver Grizzlies in 1996 in exchange for some draft picks. He also played briefly with the Milwaukee Bucks.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul - Jabbar won the award a record six times. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have won the award: Wilt Chamberlain in the 1959 -- 60 season and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered ``international players ''by the NBA.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: \"J'aime la vie\" (, \"I Love Life\") was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, performed for Belgium by Sandra Kim. Belgium had finished the 1985 Contest in last place, and thus achieved the rare turnaround from last to first in the space of one year. The song also marks the only time to date that Belgium has won the Contest. The song was also released on Kim's album \"J'aime la vie\" in 1986.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Eric Ramsey was a defensive back for Auburn University's football team in the early 1990s who used a tape recorder to secretly record conversations between his football coaches and Booster \"Corky\" Frost regarding an illicit player payment scheme. Ramsey's allegations also included racist practices at Auburn, including disapproval of inter-racial dating in the community and segregation of black and white players in the resident athletic dorm. After his tapes were revealed, Auburn received strict penalties and probation for the sixth time in the school's history. This scandal prompted Coach Pat Dye's resignation and preceded the hiring of Samford University football coach Terry Bowden.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup which took place from 31 May to 30 June 2002 in South Korea and Japan. This world cup set a number of precedents. It was the first World Cup to be held in Asia. No previous World Cup was held on a continent other than Europe or the Americas. It was also the first World Cup to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. Finally, this was the last event to use the golden goal rule. Brazil won the tournament for a record fifth time, winning the final against Germany 2 -- 0. The victory meant Brazil qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the fifth time, representing the World. In the third place play - off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3 -- 2 taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup finals. China PR, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia made their first appearances at the finals.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present is a trade paperback reference work by the American television researchers Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, first published by Ballantine Books in 1979. That first edition won a 1980 U.S. National Book Award in the one-year category General Reference (paperback)." ]	1999	[ "Passage 5" ]
Is the exact reason known for the crucifixion of the person who said those who live by the sword die by the sword?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: An anime television series produced by A-1 Pictures, known simply as Sword Art Online, aired in Japan between July and December 2012, with television film Sword Art Online: Extra Edition airing on December 31, 2013, and a second season, titled Sword Art Online II, airing between July and December 2014. An animated film titled Sword Art Online The Movie: Ordinal Scale featuring an original story by Kawahara premiered in Japan and Southeast Asia on February 18, 2017, and was released in the United States on March 9, 2017. A spin - off anime series titled Sword Art Online Alternative Gun Gale Online premiered in April 2018, while a third season titled Sword Art Online: Alicization will premiere in October 2018. A live - action series will be produced by Netflix. Six video games based on the series have been released for multiple consoles.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The saying appears in the Latin Bible in the Gospel of Matthew, chapter 26, verse 52. an unnamed follower of Jesus draws his sword and cuts off the ear of a servant of the high priest. Jesus then says to him: Converte gladium tuum in locum suum. Omnes enim, qui acceperint gladium, gladio peribunt. (``Return your sword to its place, for all who will take up the sword, will die by the sword. '') The phrase in the Greek original version of the Gospel is πάντες γὰρ οἱ λαβόντες μάχαιραν ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀπολοῦνται.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: John Swords III (born February 11, 1981) is an American entrepreneur, best known for his work in emerging, disruptive technology such as virtual worlds and social media. Within the Second Life virtual world, his avatar is known as \"Johnny Ming\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Sword of the Barbarians (/ \"Sangraal, the Sword of Fire\") is a 1982 sword and sorcery film written and directed by Michele Massimo Tarantini and starring Peter McCoy and Sabrina Siani. The film is also known as \"Barbarian Master\". The village raid scene in this film was re-used a year later in \"The Throne of Fire\" (1983).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Parang Nabur (other names also include Belabang or Beladah, while older variants are called Pacat Gantung or Pacat Bagantung) is a sword that originates from Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Most of this sword is made during the Banjarmasin Sultanate period in the 19th century.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: John Howe was the supervisor on armour, having studied and worn it. Stu Johnson and Warren Green made 48,000 pieces of armour from the numerous molds of plate steel, as well as a small group who spent 3 years linking plastic chain mail (eventually wearing their thumbprints away). Peter Lyon also forged swords, each taking from three to six days, creating spring steel ``hero ''swords for close - ups, aluminium fight swords and rubber versions too. Weta also created 10,000 real arrows and 500 bows. Howe even created a less crude type of crossbow for the Uruk - hai (the first army approved), based on a 16th - century manuscript.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now \"firmly established\" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: After the capture of Tartu and the Christianisation of the Ugandians in 1224 Tālava was divided between the Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword, the bishop receiving 2/3 and the Sword Brothers 1/3 of Tālava. Tālava thus became part of Terra Mariana.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Conan and the Sorcerer is a fantasy novel written by Andrew J. Offutt and illustrated by Esteban Maroto. Featuring Robert E. Howard's sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian, it is the first in a trilogy continuing with \"Conan the Mercenary\" and concluding with \"The Sword of Skelos\". It was first published in paperback by Ace Books in October 1978, and reprinted in May 1979, 1982, and March 1984.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: In Arthurian romance, a number of explanations are given for Arthur's possession of Excalibur. In Robert de Boron's Merlin, the first tale to mention the ``sword in the stone ''motif, Arthur obtained the British throne by pulling a sword from an anvil sitting atop a stone that appeared in a churchyard on Christmas Eve. In this account, the act could not be performed except by`` the true king,'' meaning the divinely appointed king or true heir of Uther Pendragon. This sword is thought by many to be the famous Excalibur, and its identity is made explicit in the later Prose Merlin, part of the Lancelot - Grail cycle. This version also appears in the 1938 Arthurian novel The Sword in the Stone by British author T.H. White, and the Disney adaptation. They both quote the line from Thomas Malory in the 15th century; ``Whoso Pulleth Out This Sword of this Stone and Anvil, is Rightwise King Born of all England ''. The challenge of drawing a sword from a stone also appears in the Arthurian legends of Galahad, whose achievement of the task indicates that he is destined to find the Holy Grail," ]	the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine	[ "Passage 7", "Passage 2" ]
When did Britain withdraw from the country where the Pearl Roundabout is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: \"The Dragon Pearl\" is the first treaty co-production between Australia and China. A Treaty Co-production is where 2 producers from 2 countries, bound by international law, agree to a cultural, creative and financial association to produce a film together. The final production is regarded simultaneously a full Chinese film as well as a full Australian film.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Al-Qurmezi became famous in Bahrain and internationally after reading out a poem criticising Bahraini government policies to the Pearl Roundabout gathering of pro-democracy protesters. After the poem was widely circulated via social media she and her family were subjected to harassment and death threats.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The EBU announced on 7 November 2017 that forty - two countries would participate in the contest. Russia confirmed their return after withdrawing from the previous edition, while Macedonia's participation was provisionally blocked by the EBU due to unpaid debts by its national broadcaster. However, ten days later, the EBU announced that Macedonia would be allowed to enter the contest, raising the number of participating countries to forty - three, equaling the highest number of participants with the 2008 and 2011 editions.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting. A report prepared by local governors of Ottoman Empire in 1892 states that total income from pearl hunting in 1892 is 2,450,000 kran. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl onto the world market in the 1920s and 1930s, Qatar's pearling industry crashed. Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940, in Dukhan Field. The discovery transformed the state's economy. Now, the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens. With no income tax, Qatar (along with Bahrain) is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world. The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1%. Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51% of any venture in the Emirate.As of 2016, Qatar has the fourth highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the International Monetary Fund. It relies heavily on foreign labor to grow its economy, to the extent that migrant workers compose 86% of the population and 94% of the workforce. Qatar has been criticized by the International Trade Union Confederation. The economic growth of Qatar has been almost exclusively based on its petroleum and natural gas industries, which began in 1940. Qatar is the leading exporter of liquefied natural gas. In 2012, it was estimated that Qatar would invest over $120 billion in the energy sector in the next ten years. The country was a member state of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), having joined in 1961, and having left in January 2019.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Its foreign policy closely follows that of its main ally, France (one of its former colonial rulers). Cameroon relies heavily on France for its defence, although military spending is high in comparison to other sectors of government.President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1,000-mile (1 600 km) border and have disputed the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula. In 1994 Cameroon petitioned the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute. The two countries attempted to establish a cease-fire in 1996, however, fighting continued for years. In 2002, the ICJ ruled that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1913 gave sovereignty to Cameroon. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. By 2004, Nigeria had failed to meet the deadline to handover the peninsula. A UN-mediated summit in June 2006 facilitated an agreement for Nigeria to withdraw from the region and both leaders signed the Greentree Agreement. The withdrawal and handover of control was completed by August 2006.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Pearl Lake State Park, at the base of Hahn's Peak, is in Routt County, Colorado near the town of Hahn's Peak, Colorado and is north of Steamboat Springs. Pearl Lake is named for M. Pearl Hartt, the wife of pioneer sheep rancher, John Kelly Hartt.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the 800,000-member America First Committee vehemently opposed any American intervention in the European conflict, even as America sold military aid to Britain and the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease program. Opposition to war in the U.S. vanished after the attack. On 8 December, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the Netherlands declared war on Japan, followed by China and Australia the next day. Four days after Pearl Harbor, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States, drawing the country into a two-theater war. This is widely agreed to be a grand strategic blunder, as it abrogated the benefit Germany gained by Japan's distraction of the U.S. (predicted months before in a memo by Commander Arthur McCollum)[nb 12] and the reduction in aid to Britain, which both Congress and Hitler had managed to avoid during over a year of mutual provocation, which would otherwise have resulted.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: A pearl is a hard glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as a conulariid. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers. The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes, known as baroque pearls, can occur. The finest quality natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries. Because of this, pearl has become a metaphor for something rare, fine, admirable and valuable." ]	1971	[ "Passage 2" ]
Who introduced the first microprocessor for the developer of Kentsfield in 1971?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The chip design started in April 1970, when Federico Faggin joined Intel, and it was completed under his leadership in January 1971. The first commercial sale of the fully operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and built as a custom chip. In mid-November of the same year, with the prophetic ad ``Announcing a new era in integrated electronics '', the 4004 was made commercially available to the general market. The 4004 was the first commercially available monolithic CPU, fully integrated in one small chip. Such a feat of integration was made possible by the use of the then - new silicon gate technology for integrated circuits, originally developed by Faggin (with Tom Klein) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, which allowed twice the number of random - logic transistors and an increase in speed by a factor of five compared to the incumbent MOS aluminum gate technology. Faggin also invented the bootstrap load with silicon gate and the`` buried contact'', improving speed and circuit density compared with aluminum gate.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: XPL0 is based on PL/0, an example compiler in the book \"Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs\" by Niklaus Wirth. The first XPL0 compiler was written in ALGOL. It generated instructions for a pseudo-machine that was implemented as an interpreter on a Digital Group computer based on the 6502 microprocessor. The compiler was converted from ALGOL to XPL0 and was then able to compile itself and run on a microcomputer.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Mitsubishi Colt 800 is the first of a series of passenger cars with a fastback/hatchback design produced by Mitsubishi Motors from November 1965. It was introduced as a two-door fastback sedan, the first such design in the Japanese market. The series was discontinued in 1971, after the introduction of the company's Galant sedan but without a real replacement.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: In 2005, Adidas introduced the Adidas 1, the first ever production shoe to use a microprocessor. Dubbed by the company \"The World's First Intelligent Shoe\", it features a microprocessor capable of performing 5 million calculations per second that automatically adjusts the shoe's level of cushioning to suit its environment. The shoe requires a small, user-replaceable battery that lasts for approximately 100 hours of running. On 25 November 2005, Adidas released a new version of the Adidas 1 with an increased range of cushioning, allowing the shoe to become softer or firmer, and a new motor with 153 percent more torque.On 11 April 2006, Adidas announced an 11-year deal to become the official NBA clothing provider. The company has been making NBA, NBDL, and WNBA jerseys and products as well as team-coloured versions of the \"Superstar\" basketball shoe. This deal (worth over $400 million) took over the previous Reebok deal that had been put in place in 2001 for 10 years.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Baileys Irish Cream was created by Gilbeys of Ireland, a division of International Distillers & Vintners, as it searched for something to introduce to the international market. The process of finding a product began in 1971 and it was introduced in 1974 as the first Irish cream on the market. The Baileys name was granted permission by John Chesterman after Gilbeys asked to use the name from a restaurant that John Chesterman owned. The fictional R.A. Bailey signature was inspired by the Bailey's Hotel in London, though the registered trademark omits the apostrophe. Baileys is produced in Dublin and Mallusk (Northern Ireland).\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: 1971 -- Swamp Rat XIV (or Swamp Rat 1 - R), first successful rear - engined dragster, built by Don Garlits; Ed Donovan introduces the 417 Donovan hemi, an aluminum copy of the Chrysler\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: By the late 1960s, designers were striving to integrate the central processing unit (CPU) functions of a computer onto a handful of MOS LSI chips, called microprocessor unit (MPU) chipsets. Building on an earlier Busicom design from 1969, Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor, the 4 - bit Intel 4004, in 1971, followed by its 8 - bit microprocessor 8008 in 1972. In 1969, Lee Boysel, b 8 - bit arithmetic logic units (3800 / 3804) he designed earlier at Fairchild, created the Four - Phase Systems Inc. AL - 1, an 8 - bit CPU slice that was expandable to 32 - bits. In 1970, Steve Geller and Ray Holt of Garrett AiResearch designed the MP944 chipset to implement the F - 14A Central Air Data Computer on six metal-gate chips fabricated by AMI.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: DECmate was the name of a series of PDP-8-compatible computers produced by the Digital Equipment Corporation in the late 1970s and early 1980s. All of the models used an Intersil 6100 (later known as the Harris 6100) or Harris 6120 (an improved Intersil 6100) microprocessor which emulated the 12-bit DEC PDP-8 CPU. They were text-only and used the OS/78 or OS/278 operating systems, which were extensions of OS/8 for the PDP-8. Aimed at the word processing market, they typically ran the WPS-8 word-processing program. Later models optionally had Intel 8080 or Z80 microprocessors which allowed them to run CP/M. The range was a development of the VT78 which was introduced in July 1977.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Maharashtra was the first state to introduce the institution of Lokayukta through The Lokayukta and Upa - Lokayuktas Act in 1971. This was followed by similar acts that were enacted by the states of Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Delhi.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Thompson shell is the first Unix shell, introduced in the first version of Unix in 1971, and was written by Ken Thompson." ]	Federico Faggin	[ "Passage 1" ]
When did Muslim armies invade the country where Al-Mu'tamid's successor was a citizen and the country where Rankus is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Battle of Walaja () was a battle fought in Mesopotamia (Iraq) in May 633 between the Rashidun Caliphate army under Khalid ibn al-Walid and Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha against the Sassanid Empire and its Arab allies. In this battle the Sassanid army is said to have been at least three times the size of the Muslim army.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Battle of Ajnadayn () was fought in July or August 634 (Jumada I or II, 13 AH), in an unknown location close to Beit Guvrin in present-day Israel; it was the first major pitched battle between the Byzantine (Roman) Empire and the army of the Arab Rashidun Caliphate. The result of the battle was a decisive Muslim victory. The details of this battle are mostly known through Muslim sources, such as the ninth-century historian al-Waqidi.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Since he took power in 1995, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani believed Qatar could find security only by transforming itself from a Saudi appendage to a rival of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia withdrew its ambassador to Doha from 2002 to 2008 to try to pressure Qatar to curb its individualistic tendencies. This approach broadly failed. The Arab Spring left a power vacuum which both Saudi Arabia and Qatar sought to fill, with Qatar being supportive of the revolutionary wave and Saudi Arabia opposing it; since both states are allies of the United States, they avoid direct conflict with one another. Qatar has had differences with other Arab governments on a number of issues: it broadcasts Al Jazeera; it is accused of maintaining good relations with Iran; and it has supported the Muslim Brotherhood in the past. Qatar has been accused of sponsoring terrorism. Some countries have faulted Qatar for funding rebel groups in Syria, including al-Qaeda’s affiliate in Syria, the al-Nusra Front, although the Saudis have done the same. Qatar has allowed the Afghan Taliban to set up a political office inside the country. Qatar is a close ally of the United States, hosting the largest American base in the Middle East, Al Udeid Air Base.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Al-Mu'tadid was the son of al-Muwaffaq, who was the regent and effective ruler of the Abbasid state during the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. As a prince, the future al-Mu'tadid served under his father during various military campaigns, most notably in the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion, in which he played a major role. When al-Muwaffaq died in June 891 al-Mu'tadid succeeded him as regent. He quickly sidelined his cousin and heir-apparent al-Mufawwad, and when al-Mu'tamid died in October 892, he succeeded to the throne. Like his father, al-Mu'tadid's power depended on his close relations with the army. These were first forged during the campaigns against the Zanj and were reinforced in later expeditions which the Caliph led in person: al-Mu'tadid would prove to be the most militarily active of all Abbasid caliphs. Through his energy and ability, he succeeded in restoring to the Abbasid state some of the power and provinces it had lost during the turmoil of the previous decades.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Book of Roads and Kingdoms (, \"Kitāb al-Masālik w’al- Mamālik\") is a 9th-century geography text by the Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbeh. It maps and describes the major trade routes of the time within the Muslim world, and discusses distant trading regions such as Japan, Korea, and China. It was written during the reign of Al-Mu'tamid in around 870 CE, while its author was Director of Posts and Police for the Abbasid province of Djibal.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the country follows the doctrine of \"armed neutrality\" with all males required to have military training—a number that General Eisenhower estimated to be about 850,000. The Swiss commanders wired the infrastructure leading into the country, and threatening to destroy bridges, railway tunnels and passes in the event of a Nazi invasion, and then they retreated to the heart of the mountain peaks where conditions were harsher and a military invasion would involve difficult and protracted battles.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing \"what they can to rescue you\". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland." ]	in 634	[ "Passage 6" ]
Who is the current food minister of the state where hampi tourist place is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Kuhn's Quality Foods Markets is a family-owned chain of grocery stores located in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area of the United States.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Diners, Drive - Ins and Dives Genre Food reality television Presented by Guy Fieri Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 26 No. of episodes 260 (list of episodes) Production Running time 22 minutes Production company (s) Page Productions (2007 - 2011) Citizen Pictures (2011 - present) Release Original network Food Network Picture format 480i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) Original release April 23, 2007 (2007 - 04 - 23) -- present External links Website\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Boulder Dam Hotel, also known as the Boulder City Inn, is a hotel located in Boulder City, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. It was designed in the Colonial Revival style by architect Henry Smith. The hotel was built to accommodate official visitors and tourists during the building of Boulder Dam, now Hoover Dam.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: A large modern canopied public plaza, overlooking the Narmada River and the Statue, comprising food stalls, ornate gift shops, retail kiosks and other amenities, that will provide visitors a well - rounded tourist experience.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Clement Kofi Humado (born 18 December 1953) is the Member of Parliament for the Anlo constituency in Ghana. He is also a former Minister for Food and Agriculture in Ghana.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Freshness Burger, often referred to simply as Freshness, is a fast food restaurant from Japan. Founded in 1992, it sells hamburgers, sandwiches, salads, and coffee drinks. It advertises itself as \"Fresh and Organic,\" operating under the slogan \"Freshness Food, Freshness Serving, Freshness People, Freshness Planet,\" which is displayed in English. There are several vegetarian items on the menu. It presently operates 189 locations in Japan.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists explain the high standard of living on the island. St. Barthélemy is considered a playground of the rich and famous,[citation needed] especially as a winter haven, and is known for its beaches, gourmet dining and high-end designers. Most of the food is imported by airplane or boat from the US or France. Tourism attracts about 200,000 visitors every year. As a result, there is a boom in house building activity catering to the tourists and also to the permanent residents of the island, with prices as high as €61,200,000 for a beachfront villa.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Marripadu is a village and a Mandal in Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is located at the border of Nellore District. It produces tobacco. It is on the banks of small river called Boggeru. Somasila Project, Udayagiri are the adjacent tourist places.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Foster Farms Bowl Stadium Levi's Stadium Location Santa Clara, California Previous stadiums AT&T Park (2002 -- 2013) Previous locations San Francisco, California (2002 -- 2013) Operated 2002 -- present Conference tie - ins Pac - 12 (2006 -- present) Big Ten (2014 -- present) Previous conference tie - ins Big East (2002 -- 2004) Mtn West (2002 -- 2005) ACC (2005 -- 2010) Army (2011) Navy (2012) BYU (2013) Payout US $2,212,500 (as of 2015) Sponsors Diamond Foods, Inc. (2002 -- 2009) Kraft Foods (2010 -- 2012) Foster Farms (2014 -- present) Former names San Francisco Bowl (2002) Diamond Walnut San Francisco Bowl (2002 -- 2003) Emerald Bowl (2004 -- 2009) Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl (2010 -- 2012) Fight Hunger Bowl (2013) 2017 matchup Arizona vs. Purdue (Purdue 38 -- 35) 2018 matchup\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Richardson Store, located off I-40 in Montoya, New Mexico, is a historic Route 66 fixture. It served tourists and other travelers. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978." ]	Zameer Ahmed Khan	[]
What is the name of the government structure created for the fashion capital of India that is comprised of ten representatives?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Bharatpur Division is one of the administrative geographical unit, called a division, of Rajasthan state, India. The division comprises four districts, namely, Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Christophe Josse and Christian Lacroix. Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre and other city locations, is among the top four events of the international fashion calendar, along with the fashion weeks in Milan, London and New York. Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government), representing the Union of India, and the State governments. Later, a third tier was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. In the current arrangement, The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution delimits the subjects of each level of governmental jurisdiction, dividing them into three lists:\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots; and two bombs exploded in February 2013. On 30 July 2013 the government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state, and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill. With the final assent of the President of India in June 2014, Telangana state was formed.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Ethiopia national football team—nicknamed \"Walias,\" after the Walia ibex, represents Ethiopia in association football and is presided over by the Ethiopian Football Federation, the governing body for football in Ethiopia. The team has been representing Ethiopia in regional, continental, and international competitions since its founding in 1943. The Walias play their home games at Addis Ababa Stadium located in the capital city of Addis Ababa. .\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Dehradun (/ ˌdɛərəˈduːn /) or Dehra Dun is the interim capital city of Uttarakhand, a state in the northern part of India. Located in the Garhwal region, it lies 236 kilometres (147 mi) north of India's capital New Delhi and 168 kilometres (104 mi) from Chandigarh. It is one of the ``Counter Magnets ''of the National Capital Region (NCR) being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area and to establish a smart city at Dehradun. During the days of British Raj, the official name of the town was Dehra.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop, punk, salsa, disco, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, and Jazz in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world. The city is also widely celebrated in popular lore, frequently the setting for books, movies (see List of films set in New York City), and television programs. New York Fashion Week is one of the world's preeminent fashion events and is afforded extensive coverage by the media. New York has also frequently been ranked the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list compiled by the Global Language Monitor.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: City / town Nickname Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram) Evergreen City of India Kochi (Cochin) Queen of Arabian Sea Kozhikode (Calicut) City of Spices. Kannur (Cannanore) City of Looms and Lores. Kottayam City of letters (Aksharanagri) City of Murals City of latex City of lakes Kollam (Quilon) Cashew Capital of the World Alappuzha (Alleppey) Venice of east Kasaragod Land of Seven Languages (സപ്തഭാഷസംഗമഭൂമി, Saptabashasangamabhoomi) Harkwillia Palakkad Land of Palm trees Rice bowl of Kerala Thrissur The Cultural capital of Kerala Land of Poorams (പൂരങ്ങളുടെ നാട്) The land of Vadakkumnathan (വടക്കുംനാഥന്റെ മണ്ണ്) Gold capital of India Wayanad God's own district\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Central Bank of India, a government - owned bank, is one of the oldest and largest commercial banks in India. It is based in Mumbai which is the financial capital of India and capital city of state of Maharashtra. The bank has 4730 branches, 5319 ATM's and 4 extension counters across 27 Indian states and three Union Territories. At present, Central Bank of India has overseas office at Nairobi, Hong Kong and a joint venture with Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, and the Zambian government. The Zambian government holds 40 per cent stake and each of the banks has 20 per cent. Recently it has also opened a representative office at Nairobi in Kenya." ]	New Delhi Municipal Council	[]
Who played Aunt Bea on the show named after the person who was featured in the film Onionhead?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: During the last episode of the fourth season, Bea was killed off after being stabbed multiple times by Joan Ferguson (Pamela Rabe). Producers confirmed that the character had been written out ``for dramatic purposes ''and would not be returning for the show's fifth season. The show's executive producer, Jo Porter, stated:`` It is always an incredibly difficult decision to say farewell to a much - loved and revered character like Bea Smith. Which is why this storyline has had such a huge impact on us all and we are sure fans will feel the same. This decision was particularly hard as it meant also saying goodbye to Danielle Cormack.'' Porter added that Bea's departure would allow for new characters and stories to take centre stage during the fifth season.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: ``Fish Heads ''is a novelty song by comedy rock duo Barnes & Barnes, featured on their 1980 album Voobaha. It has often been played on the Dr. Demento show, and is the most honored song in Demento show history.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: It's the Old Army Game is a 1926 American silent comedy film starring W. C. Fields and Louise Brooks. The \"army game\" is the shell game, a con-trick which WC Fields observes being played. \"It's the old army game\" he says, sagely. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, billed as Eddie Sutherland, and co-stars Sutherland's aunt, the stage actress Blanche Ring in one of her few silent film appearances. The film is based on the revue \"The Comic Supplement\" by Joseph P. McEvoy and Fields, and included several skits from Fields' stage plays.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Hugo Gélin was born to Xavier Gélin on May 4, 1980. His grandparents are Daniel Gélin and Danièle Delorme. His aunts and uncles are actors Maria Schneider, Manuel Gélin and Fiona Gélin. He made two brief appearances as a child actor, and later started working as an assistant director and camera operator. He directed his first short in 2001 and his first feature film in 2012.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Aunt Jemima is a brand of pancake mix, syrup, and other breakfast foods owned by the Quaker Oats Company of Chicago, a subsidiary of PepsiCo. The trademark dates to 1893, although Aunt Jemima pancake mix debuted in 1889. The Quaker Oats Company first registered the Aunt Jemima trademark in April 1937. Aunt Jemima originally came from a minstrel show as one of their pantheon of stereotypical Black characters. The character appears to have been a Reconstruction era addition to that cast.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In November 2014, a special sketch featuring Jack and Victor visiting the set of \"River City\" was made for Children in Need. The sketch also featured a cameo of a director played by Still Game director Michael Hines. On Hogmanay 2014, BBC Scotland showed a documentary celebrating the show titled \"Still Game: The Story So Far\". The programme featured interviews with the cast, celebrities who have appeared on the show and super fans, including a look at some favourite moments.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Onionhead is a 1958 comedy-drama film set on a U.S. Coast Guard ship during World War II, starring Andy Griffith and featuring Felicia Farr, Walter Matthau, Erin O'Brien, James Gregory, Joey Bishop, and Claude Akins. It was directed by Norman Taurog and was written by Nelson Gidding and Weldon Hill from Hill's novel. \"Weldon Hill\" was the pseudonym of William R. Scott, a native Oklahoman who based the novel on his own World War II service in the Coast Guard.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Eastern Plays (, \"Iztochni piesi\") is a 2009 Bulgarian drama film. The feature-length debut of young Bulgarian director, La Fémis graduate Kamen Kalev, \"Eastern Plays\" features Hristo Hristov, Ovanes Torosyan, Saadet Aksoy and Nikolina Yancheva. The film debuted at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival's Directors' Fortnight, though regular showings in Bulgaria began on 16 October 2009.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"Cybill\" takes place in Los Angeles and focuses on the character of a somewhat faded actress, Cybill Sheridan (played by Cybill Shepherd), who, because of her age, had been relegated to playing character roles, bit parts, and TV commercials. Also featured are her daughters: headstrong Zoey (Witt) and uptight Rachel (Pfeiffer), two ex-husbands: Ira (Rosenberg) and Jeff (Wopat), and her hard-drinking best friend Maryann (Baranski). Due to the show's premise, many episodes featured a show-within-a-show format, showing Cybill Sheridan playing a variety of other characters in her various film and TV acting roles.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Joseph Douglas Vieira, known as Joey D. Vieira (born April 8, 1944), is an American film and television actor. He began as a child actor using the professional name Donald Keeler playing chubby, beanie-wearing farm boy, Sylvester \"Porky\" Brockway in the first several seasons (1954–57) of TV's \"Lassie\" (retitled \"Jeff's Collie\" in syndicated reruns and on DVD). Vieira borrowed the professional surname from his aunt, Ruby Keeler, star of numerous Warner Bros. musicals in the 1930s. \"Lassie\" won two Emmys during his run on the series. Vieira and costar Tommy Rettig jointly accepted the show's second Emmy at the awards ceremony in 1956." ]	Frances Elizabeth Bavier	[ "Passage 7" ]
When does it start to snow in the city which was the capital of the former soviet union, and is today the capital of the country that AGT is from?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The oldest settlement located near today's Zagreb was a Roman town of Andautonia, now Šćitarjevo, which existed between the 1st and the 5th century AD. The first recorded appearance of the name Zagreb is dated to 1094, at which time the city existed as two different city centres: the smaller, eastern Kaptol, inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral, and the larger, western Gradec, inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. Gradec and Kaptol were united in 1851 by ban Josip Jelačić, who was credited for this, with the naming the main city square, Ban Jelačić Square in his honour. During the period of former Yugoslavia, Zagreb remained an important economic centre of the country, and was the second largest city. After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, Zagreb was proclaimed its capital.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Mdina Knights F.C. is an association football club representing Malta's former capital city, Mdina, currently playing in the Maltese Third Division. The club is arguably the smallest club in Malta and represents a city of approximately 250 residents.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Soviet Union entered a series of Five - Year Plans which began in 1928 under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Stalin launched what would be referred as a ``revolution from above ''to improve the Soviet Union's domestic policy, more importantly centered around rapid industrialization and secondly, the collectivization of agriculture. His desire was to rid the country of all record that capitalism once existed there under the New Economic Policy.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, making it Europe's most populated inland city. The city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral with its brightly coloured domes. With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world, having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders -- more than any other major city -- even before its expansion in 2012. The city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russian Federation.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Football for Friendship (Russian: ФУТБОЛ ДЛЯ ДРУЖБЫ) is an annual International Children’s Social Programme implemented by Gazprom Company. The aim of the programme is to cultivate respect for different cultures and nationalities in children from different countries through football, to promote essential values and interest in a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation. Within the framework of the programme , football players at the age of 12 from different countries take part in the annual International Football for Friendship Childrens Forum, Football for Friendship World Championship, International Day of Football and Friendship The programme is supported by FIFA, UEFA, UN, Olympic and Paralympic Committees, governments and football federations of different countries, international charities, public organizations, leading football clubs of the planet. The global operator of the programme is AGT Communications Group (Russia).\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, \"Southern Capital\") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means \"Southern Capital\" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty." ]	the beginning of November	[ "Passage 8", "Passage 7", "Passage 5" ]
When did Andrew Russell's military branch start wearing khaki?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Service Dress was the new style of khaki service dress uniform introduced by the British Army for use in the field from the early 1900s, following the experiences of a number of imperial wars and conflicts, including the Second Boer War. This variant of uniform continues to be worn today, although only in a formal role, as No. 2 Pattern dress.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Russell A. Buchanan (January 24, 1900 – December 6, 2006) was, at age 106, one of the last surviving American veterans of the First World War. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and died in Watertown, Massachusetts. In 1918, Buchanan enlisted in the United States Navy at age 18. Russell stayed in the military long enough to have served in the Second World War, however, he retired from service in 1943 (i.e. after 25 years of service), and died at almost age 107 from a stroke.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, and in 1884, Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles. By about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred \"pilgrims,\" or traveling preachers. Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Johnny Reno is a 1966 American western film made by A.C. Lyles Productions and released by Paramount Pictures. It starred Dana Andrews and Jane Russell. It was directed by R.G. Springsteen, produced by A.C. Lyles, with a screenplay by Andrew Craddock, Steve Fisher and A.C. Lyles.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Eritrean Air Force (ERAF) is the official aerial warfare service branch of the Eritrean Defence Forces and is one of the three official uniformed military branches of the State of Eritrea.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Baldwin Valley () is an ice-filled valley in the Saint Johns Range, lying northwest of Pond Peak in Victoria Land of Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Russel R. Baldwin, U.S. Navy, who was in charge of the Airfield Maintenance Branch at McMurdo Station in 1962.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The video for the song, considered by many to be a definitive music video for Aerosmith, starts off with the band walking up to a department store elevator, and an attractive woman (Brandi Brandt) says ``2nd floor... hardware, children's wear, lady's lingerie. Oh, good morning Mr. Tyler, going down? ''Steven Tyler enters the elevator and the song starts.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Howard Russell Butler (March 3, 1856 – Princeton, NJ. May 20, 1934) was an American painter and founder of the American Fine Arts Society. Butler also persuaded Andrew Carnegie to fund the construction of Carnegie Lake near Princeton University. Butler also designed a mansion, an astronomy hall and painted a solar eclipse for the U.S. Naval Observatory.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Navy first authorized a khaki uniform in 1913 as a practical garment for early naval aviators; they were given permission to wear Marine Corps khaki uniforms with naval insignia, when flying or working on aircraft. Khakis were authorized aboard submarines in 1931 and as a working uniform on all ships ten years later." ]	early 1900s	[ "Passage 1" ]
The singer who wrote The Man wrote which song for Justin Beiber?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: \"Gettin' You Home (The Black Dress Song)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Chris Young. It was released in February 2009 as the second single from his 2009 album \"The Man I Want to Be\" (2009). Young wrote the song with Kent Blazy and Cory Batten. The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised the suggestive lyrics for sounding sexy and for being a great non-sellout single.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Thomas Troelsen (born 6 October 1981) is a Danish singer, songwriter, and producer from Skive. Troelsen has written and produced songs for Pitbull, Flo Rida, Justin Bieber, David Guetta, Lil Wayne, Nile Rodgers, Jason Derulo, Charlie Puth, Chris Brown, Afrojack, Akon, Meghan Trainor, SHINee, NCT Dream and Junior Senior.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: ``I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair ''was adapted for a commercial jingle for Clairol hair coloring in the 1970s. PJ Harvey referenced the song in her 1992 single`` Sheela - Na - Gig'' with the repeated lyric ``gon na wash that man right outa my hair ''. 50 Foot Wave's song`` Bone China'' also references this song in the lyric, ``Gonna wash that man right out of my head / and soap him into my eyes ''.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: \"The Man\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It features production from frequent collaborator Jake Gosling. The song was released as an \"instant grat\" digital download to the iTunes Store on 19 June 2014, serving as the sixth of seven promotional singles from his second studio album, \"x\" (2014). It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 87.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The song is predominantly upbeat, featuring Bieber's R&B vocals over a backdrop containing a dance infused beat, full of keyboard and ``disco string ''synths. The song is composed in the key of E ♭ major with Bieber's vocal range spanning from the low - note of G to the high - note of C. According to Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone, the song`` blends winks at Fifties doo - wop with hip - hop chants'', comparing the style and the lyrics ``My first love broke my heart for the first time / And I was like / Baby, baby, baby, ooooh / I thought you'd always be mine ''to fifties ballads like`` Tears on My Pillow'', ``Why Do Fools Fall in Love ''and`` Earth Angel''. Lyrically, Bieber's lines explain his distress over his lost love, and promise to get it back, featured in lines like, ``And I wan na play it cool / But I'm losin 'you... / I'm in pieces / So come and fix me... ''. The chorus features the distinct and repetitive`` baby, baby, baby, ohhhh (nooooo)'' hook. After the second verse, Ludacris comes in with the verse - rap, an anecdote of young love when he was thirteen, as it runs ``When I was 13 / I had my first love / She had me going crazy / Oh, I was star - struck / She woke me up daily / Do n't need no Starbucks... ''.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: ``Love Yourself ''is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song,`` Love Yourself'' features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is a kiss - off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did the protagonist wrong.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: On August 17, 2017, Bieber released the single ``Friends ''with American record producer and songwriter BloodPop. Songwriters Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter reunited with Bieber to construct the song, just as they helped create his single`` Sorry'' in 2015 on his studio album Purpose. Bieber did not attend the 2018 Grammy Awards Show to perform the nominated song ``Despacito '', claiming that he would not make any award show appearances until his next album was finished.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: ``Taps ''is a bugle call - a signal, not a song. As such, there is no associated lyric. Many bugle calls had words associated with them as a mnemonic device but these are not lyrics. A Horace Lorenzo Trim wrote a set of words intended to accompany the music:\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Purpose World Tour is the third worldwide tour by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was in support of his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The tour started on March 9, 2016 in Seattle and ended on July 2, 2017 in London, England.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: ``Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair ''is a parlor song by Stephen Foster (1826 -- 1864). It was published by Firth, Pond & Co. of New York in 1854. Foster wrote the song with his estranged wife Jane McDowell in mind. The lyrics allude to a permanent separation." ]	``Love Yourself ''	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 4" ]
What form of dance is the leading coffee producer state in India famous for?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called one of the most expensive coffees in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US $700 per kilogram. The price of farmed (considered low - grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US $100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee).\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: ``Ca n't Get You Out of My Head ''is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled Fever, which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 17 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis,`` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head'' is a midtempo dance - pop song which lyrically details Minogue's obsession towards her lover. The song is famous for its ``la la la ''hook.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd. (RCF) is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) in India under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers of the Government of India, based in Mumbai. RCF is one of the leading producers of fertilizers in India.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Climb Dance is a famous cinéma vérité short film, which features Finnish rally driver Ari Vatanen setting a record time in a highly modified four-wheel drive, all-wheel steering Peugeot 405 Turbo 16 GR at the 1988 Pikes Peak International Hillclimb in Colorado, United States. The film was produced by Peugeot and directed by Jean Louis Mourey. The record time set was 10:47.77.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Jasmine Simhalan (born 13 November 1970 in Chennai, India to parents from Kerala) is a practitioner of the Indian martial arts and classical Indian dance. Her father, Simhalan Madhava Panicker, was a well-known martial artist from Kerala. Simhalan is an instructor in Silambam and a Gurukkal in Kalarippayattu. Simhalan is a performer and choreographer based in the United Kingdom and India. Simhalan has been a part of physical theatre and Indian contemporary form of dance, theatre and martial art forms for the past twenty years.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: ``Ca n't Get You Out of My Head ''is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled Fever, which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis,`` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head'' is a midtempo dance - pop song which lyrically details its narrator's obsession towards her lover. The song is famous for its ``la la la ''hook.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Dabhel is a town in Gujarat state of India. It is famous for its Arabic education, most notably given in Jamiah Islamiah Talimud-din.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Tysta Mari was a famous coffee shop and restaurant in Stockholm, Sweden very popular with artists, intellectuals and journalists. It was established in 1834 by Maria Christina Lindström (1806–1895) on the intersection of Jakobsgatan and Drottninggatan.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: In 1983, the name again changed from Stewart Brothers Wet Whisker to Stewart Brothers Coffee. Shortly after, business began to expand, and new shops opened in Bellevue, Washington, and in Seattle's historic Pike Place Market a year later. In 1991, the company was renamed \"Seattle's Best Coffee\" after winning a local competition. Around 1995, Seattle's Best Coffee was purchased by a group of investors who own Torrefazione Italia. They formed a new company made up of both parties called Seattle Coffee Holdings. In 1997, Seattle Coffee Holdings changed its name to Seattle Coffee Company.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Kalyani Bondre (Marathi: कल्याणी बोन्द्रे) was born in Pune, India, into a musical family. She received initial guidance in music from her parents, both musicians in their own right. As a child, Kalyani was more interested in classical dance and hence took lessons in Kathak dance from Guru Maneesha Sathe, disciple of the famous Pandit Gopi Krishna." ]	Kunitha	[]
What is the name of the largest stadium in the world in the country that invaded the country that released Midnight FM?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: CIBW-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a country music format at 92.9 FM in Drayton Valley, Alberta. The station is branded as Big West Country and is owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: WCBY (1240 AM and W264CF 100.7 FM) is a radio station in Cheboygan, Michigan, broadcasting a classic country format delivered by Westwood One \"Big Country Gold\" is the slogan, which plays off sister country FM WMKC 102.9 known as \"Big Country - 102-9\". WCBY is owned by Black Diamond Broadcast Holdings, LLC.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: \"Take Me to Your World\" is a 1968 single written by Billy Sherrill and Glenn Sutton and recorded by Tammy Wynette. \"Take Me to Your World\" was Tammy Wynette's second number one on the country charts as a solo artist. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: CKHL-FM is a Canadian radio station, that broadcasts a country music format branded as YL Country at 102.1 FM in High Level, Alberta, Canada.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: WUMB-FM (91.9 FM) in Boston, Massachusetts is the radio station of University of Massachusetts Boston. It broadcasts an Americana/Blues/Roots/Folk mix hosted by its staff weekdays. On weekends the station concentrates on traditional folk, Celtic, blues, and world music including syndicated programs. Overnight programming starting at midnight and usually through 5am is a repeat of a portion of the previous day's programming; an announcement of this fact is made at midnight. The station has received many awards for its folk music programming.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: \"Midnight FM\" was released October 14, 2010, in South Korea. The international premiere was at the Hawaii International Film Festival ten days later.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Likas Stadium (Malay: \"Stadium Likas\") is a stadium in Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. It is mainly used for association football and athletics and it is located within Likas Sports Complex. Likas Stadium has a capacity of 35,000, making it the 8th largest football stadium in Malaysia in terms of seating capacity.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Philippine Sports Stadium, also known as New Era University (NEU) Stadium, is a football and track stadium at Ciudad de Victoria, a 140-hectare tourism enterprise zone in the towns of Bocaue and Santa Maria in Bulacan, Philippines. The stadium was built right next to the Philippine Arena, the world's largest indoor arena. The stadium is the largest football stadium in the Philippines with a maximum seating capacity of 25,000. Its seating capacity is more than twice the seating capacity of the Rizal Memorial Stadium, the national stadium of the country which has a seating capacity of 12,000.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: New Haven was the host of the 1995 Special Olympics World Summer Games; then-President Bill Clinton spoke at the opening ceremonies. The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world. New Haven biannually hosts \"The Game\" between Yale and Harvard, the country's second-oldest college football rivalry. Numerous road races take place in New Haven, including the USA 20K Championship during the New Haven Road Race." ]	The Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, also known as the May Day Stadium	[ "Passage 7" ]
What type of university is the school that employs Endre Boros, an instance of?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: It is the home and domicile of Europe's leading combine harvester manufacturer CLAAS, which is a major employer in the town.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (or NJAES) is an entity currently operated by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in conjunction with the State of New Jersey in the university's role as the state's sole land-grant university. Today, it conducts research in agriculture, horticulture and turf grass science, and through the Rutgers Cooperative Extension aids New Jersey farmers, landscapers, and residents in each of the state's twenty-one counties.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: He also worked the All-Star games in 1985 and 1995, the 1989 National League Championship Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Chicago Cubs, the 1997 NLCS between the Florida Marlins and the Atlanta Braves, and the 1999 National League Division Series. He ejected San Diego Padres first baseman Steve Garvey from a June, 1986 game between the Padres and the Atlanta Braves, the only ejection of Garvey's career, then ejected Padres manager Steve Boros the next day when Boros tried to present a videotape of the call Williams ejected Garvey over. He was also an umpire on September 28, 1988 when Orel Hershiser set the Major League record for consecutive scoreless innings pitched. He remained an umpire until his retirement in 2000 due to health problems, and died at age 61 in Chicago, Illinois after a long illness related to diabetes and kidney failure.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number, is a unique nine - digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification. When the number is used for identification rather than employment tax reporting, it is usually referred to as a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), and when used for the purposes of reporting employment taxes, it is usually referred to as an EIN. These numbers are used for tax administration and must be not used for any other purpose. For example, the EIN should not be used in tax lien auction or sales, lotteries, etc.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Endre Boros (born 21 September 1953) is a Hungarian-American mathematician, a Distinguished Professor at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the Director of the Center for Operations Research (RUTCOR). He is the author of 15 book chapters and edited volumes, and 165 research papers. He is Associate Editor of the Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, and Editor-in-Chief of both the Annals of Operations Research and Discrete Applied Mathematics.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Endre Hellestveit (born August 7, 1976 in Rosendal in Kvinnherad) is a Norwegian actor. He plays Isachsen in the Varg Veum series of crime films.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Race Against the Machine is a non-fiction book from 2011 by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee about the interaction of digital technology, employment and organization. The full title of the book is: \"Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy\".\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: In 2018, the Social Security Wage Base was $128,400 and the Social Security tax rate was 6.20% paid by the employee and 6.20% paid by the employer. A person with $10,000 of gross income had $620.00 withheld as Social Security tax from his check and the employer sent an additional $620.00. A person with $130,000 of gross income in 2017 incurred Social Security tax of $7,886.40 (resulting in an effective rate of approximately 6.07% - the rate was lower because the income was more than the 2017 ``wage base '', see below), with $7,886.40 paid by the employer. A person who earned a million dollars in wages paid the same $7,886.40 in Social Security tax (resulting in an effective rate of approximately 0.79%), with equivalent employer matching. In the cases of the $130 k and $1 m earners, each paid the same amount into the social security system, and both will take the same out of the social security system.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Howlite was discovered near Windsor, Nova Scotia in 1868 by Henry How (1828–1879), a Canadian chemist, geologist, and mineralogist. How was alerted to the unknown mineral by miners in a gypsum quarry, who found it to be a nuisance. He called the new mineral silico-boro-calcite; it was given the name howlite by James Dwight Dana shortly thereafter.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Sadun Boro was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1928. He spent his childhood at Caddebostan neighnorhood of Kadıköy, Istanbul, on the coast of Sea of Marmara. He changed his rowing boat with a sailboat as soon as he became a high school student." ]	land-grant university	[ "Passage 2", "Passage 5" ]
What happened to the character Helen from the show named after the actor starring in the film Onionhead?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Loves of Paris and Helen is a 1788 painting by Jacques-Louis David, showing Helen of Troy and Paris from Homer's \"Iliad\". It is now in the Louvre Museum.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Onionhead is a 1958 comedy-drama film set on a U.S. Coast Guard ship during World War II, starring Andy Griffith and featuring Felicia Farr, Walter Matthau, Erin O'Brien, James Gregory, Joey Bishop, and Claude Akins. It was directed by Norman Taurog and was written by Nelson Gidding and Weldon Hill from Hill's novel. \"Weldon Hill\" was the pseudonym of William R. Scott, a native Oklahoman who based the novel on his own World War II service in the Coast Guard.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Private Life of Helen of Troy is a 1927 American silent film about Helen of Troy based on the 1925 novel of the same name by John Erskine, and adapted to screen by Gerald Duffy. The film was directed by Alexander Korda and starred María Corda as Helen, Lewis Stone as Menelaus, and Ricardo Cortez as Paris.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Deliverance is a 1919 silent film which tells the story of the life of Helen Keller and her teacher, Annie Sullivan. It stars Etna Ross, Tula Belle, Edith Lyle, Betty Schade, Sarah Lind, Ann Mason and Jenny Lind. The film also features appearances by Helen Keller, Anne Sullivan, Kate Adams Keller and Phillips Brooks Keller as themselves. The movie was directed by George Foster Platt and written by Francis Trevelyan Miller.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: What Ever Happened to Baby Toto? () is a 1964 Italian black comedy film written and directed by Ottavio Alessi. It is a parody of Robert Aldrich's \"What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?\".\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Corsaut first appeared on the long - running Griffith show in 1963 as schoolteacher Helen Crump, who later became the Mayberry sheriff's wife on the first episode of the spinoff Mayberry R.F.D.. Corsaut also had a continuing role as policeman Bumper Morgan's pawn - shop - owner friend on the series The Blue Knight and as Irma Howell in the short - lived series Mrs. G. Goes to College. In the TV series Adam - 12, Corsaut portrayed Officer Pete Malloy's girlfriend, Judy. She had a supporting role as Head Nurse Bradley in the 1980s sitcom House Calls, and also appeared in several episodes of Matlock with star Andy Griffith. In addition, Corsaut played the role of nurse Jesse Brewer in 1977 on the long - running ABC soap opera General Hospital when long - time portrayer Emily McLaughlin was too ill to work.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The Color of Money is a 1986 American drama film directed by Martin Scorsese from a screenplay by Richard Price, based on the 1984 novel of the same name by Walter Tevis. The film stars Paul Newman and Tom Cruise, with Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Helen Shaver, and John Turturro in supporting roles. It features an original score by Robbie Robertson.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Aneta Louise Corsaut (November 3, 1933 -- November 6, 1995) was an American actress and writer. She is best known for playing Helen Crump on The Andy Griffith Show (1963 -- 1968).\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Abandonment is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Donald MacDonald starring Helene Rosson, Forrest Taylor and Harry von Meter. The feature length film was produced at Mutual's studios in Santa Barbara, California. It was part of Mutual Film Corporation's Masterpicture series, which were based on works of prominent fiction; the story was written by Kenneth B. Clarke. \"The Abandonment\" was released June 15, 1916.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The 67th British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, were held on 16 February 2014 at the Royal Opera House in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2013. The nominations were announced on 8 January 2014 by actor Luke Evans and actress Helen McCrory. Presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, accolades were handed out for the best feature-length film and documentaries of any nationality that were screened at British cinemas in 2013." ]	became the Mayberry sheriff's wife	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 2" ]
When did the entity with which Nizam was allied in the late 18th century end?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: By the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China received from the Americas, including peanuts, sweet potatoes and maize. New species of rice from Southeast Asia led to a huge increase in production. Merchant guilds proliferated in all of the growing Chinese cities and often acquired great social and even political influence. Rich merchants with official connections built up huge fortunes and patronized literature, theater and the arts. Textile and handicraft production boomed.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The John Rider House is located on Main Street (CT 53) in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a wooden frame house dating to the late 18th century.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Australian Netherlands Committee on Old Dutch Shipwrecks (ANCODS) is an organization tasked with maintaining and allocating artefacts from 17th and 18th century Dutch shipwrecks off the coast of Western Australia. It was founded in 1972 by the \"Agreement between Australia and the Netherlands Concerning Old Dutch Shipwrecks\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Granby Center Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district encompassing a portion of the village of Granby Center in Granby, Connecticut. The village developed in the 18th century as a farming center, and a now includes a variety of architectural styles from the late 18th to early 20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1985.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Raid on Groton happened during King William's War, on July 18, 1694, at Groton, Massachusetts. This was one of numerous attacks against the settlement in the late 17th and early 18th centuries; the village was also raided in 1707 during Queen Anne's War. The French and their First Nations allies did a brisk trade in ransoming captives; some of the youngest captives were adopted by Mohawk families.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: John Daly Burk (ca.1776–1808) was an Irish-born dramatist, historian and newspaperman in the United States in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He died fighting a duel in Virginia in 1808.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Pieter Vreede (October 8, 1750– September 21, 1837), was a Dutch politician of the Batavian Republic in the 18th century. Vreede was born in Leiden and died in Heusden. He was a prominent critic of stadholderian misrule and of the urban patriciate.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Acquinsicke is a historic home located near Pomfret, Charles County, Maryland, United States. It was built between 1783 and 1798, is a highly significant example of late 18th century, early Federal architecture. It is a rectangular, two story, five bay, clapboarded frame dwelling with one-story additions to each end. The house's landscape features include a series of two terraced falls." ]	1799	[ "Passage 9" ]
What is one of the native American tribes formed in the region on which Anglo-America is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Atlantis Chaos is a region of chaos terrain in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars. It is located around 34.7° south latitude, and 177.6° west longitude. It is encompassed by the Atlantis basin. The region is across, and was named after an albedo feature at 30° S, 173° W.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Suisunes (also called the Suisun and the \"People of the West Wind\") were a tribe of Native Americans that lived in Northern California's Suisun Marsh regions of Solano County, California between what is now Suisun City, Vacaville and Putah Creek around 200 years ago. The Suisunes' main village, Yulyul, is believed to be where Rockville, California is located today. Father Abella, visitor to the tribe in 1811, indicated they resided in the present location of Fairfield, north of the Suisun Bay. One of the Suisunes' primary food sources was acorns. Their diet also included fish as well as miner's lettuce. Their huts (as recorded by the Spaniards in 1817) were conical wikiups made of rushes or tule thatch.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Dan Demole (born 1979) is an American entrepreneur, co-founder and COO of Jingle Punks Music. Jingle Punks has been featured in \"Billboard\", Variety and Business Week where it was named \"one of America's most promising start ups\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Arapaho is a town in and county seat of Custer County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 796 at the 2010 census, a 6.4 percent increase from 748 at the 2000 census. The town lies long U.S. Route 183. It is named for the Arapaho Native American tribe.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Morattico is an unincorporated former post office town along the Rappahannock River in Lancaster County, Virginia, United States. It sits across Morattico Creek from Belle Isle State Park. \"Morattico\" is an anglicized version of \"Moraughticund\", the name of a Native American tribe whose primary village may have been on or near this site. In 1608, Captain John Smith mediated a feud between the Moraughticunds and their neighbors, the Rappahannock tribe.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Yucca queretaroensis is a plant species in the genus Yucca, family Asparagaceae, native to the Sierra Madre Occidental of the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Guanajuato, and Querétaro. It is poorly known, largely because of the rugged terrain of its native habitat.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Klamath County ( KLAM-əth) is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 66,380. The county seat is Klamath Falls. The county was named for the Klamath, the tribe of Native Americans living in the area at the time the first European explorers entered the region.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other races. 1.8 million are recognized as enrolled tribal members.[citation needed] Tribes have established their own criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of US Native Americans live in land units called Indian reservations. Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, Cocopa, Pascua Yaqui and Apache span both sides of the US–Mexican border. Haudenosaunee people have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canadian border. Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Iñupiat, Blackfeet, Nakota, Cree, Anishinaabe, Huron, Lenape, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee, among others live in both Canada and the US.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Anglo-America (also referred to as Anglo-Saxon America) most often designates to a region in the Americas in which English is a main language and British culture and the British Empire have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic and cultural impact. Anglo-America is distinct from Latin America, a region of the Americas where Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese and French) are prevalent." ]	Aztec Empire	[ "Passage 10" ]
What's the area code for Cincinnati, in the state where the Eighteenth District School is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Bethlehem Area Vocational-Technical School is a career & technical school located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was officially started in 1965 when the Bethlehem Area School District, Northampton Area School District, and Saucon Valley School District combined forces to form one vocational-technical school for its students to attend.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas, which remain in area code 505. The new code became effective on October 7, 2007, splitting from area code 505.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Greenwood School District is a public school district located in Greenwood, Arkansas, United States. Established in 1881 by court order as \"Greenwood School District #25\", the district since the 2010-11 school year supports one high school, one junior high school, one middle school, and two elementary schools.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: DePaul Cristo Rey High School (DPCR) is a private, college-preparatory high school located in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The non-diocesan school, which opened June 5, 2011, is one of 23 Catholic high schools that serve the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Named after St. Vincent de Paul, it is operated by the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati as the 25th member of the Cristo Rey Network of work-study schools that target students from low-income families who could not otherwise afford a college education.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The School for Creative and Performing Arts (SCPA) is a magnet arts school in Cincinnati in the US state of Ohio, and part of the Cincinnati Public Schools (CPS). SCPA was founded in 1973 as one of the first magnet schools in Cincinnati and became the first school in the country to combine a full range of arts studies with a complete college-preparatory academic program for elementary through high school students. Of the approximately 350 arts schools in the United States, SCPA is one of the oldest and has been cited as a model for both racial integration and for arts programs in over 100 cities.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Forest Lake Area High School, also known as Forest Lake High School, is a public four-year high school in Forest Lake, Minnesota founded in 1909. The school is a member of Minnesota Independent School District 831 (Forest Lake Area School District). The school competes in the Suburban East Conference of the Minnesota State High School League\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Since the district has a drum tower (gulou) that was constructed during the Tang Dynasty, it is alternatively called \"Haishu Lou\". The district's total area is 29 square kilometers, and its population is 280,000 people. The district's postal code is 315000. The district people's government is located at 229 Lingqiao Road.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Madeira High School is the public high school in the city of Madeira, Ohio near Cincinnati. Madeira High School is the only high school in the Madeira City Schools District.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Finneytown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Springfield Township, Hamilton County, in southwest Ohio, United States, just north of Cincinnati. The population was 12,741 at the 2010 census (down from 13,492 in 2000). Finneytown is home to the largest private school in Ohio (St. Xavier High School) and the Cincinnati area's annual Greek Festival (at Holy Trinity-St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church).\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Wilson Area High School is a four-year public high school located in Easton, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is the only high school in the Wilson Area School District. The high school supports the residents of Wilson, West Easton and Glendon boroughs, as well as Williams Township." ]	513	[]
How many death row inmates were awaiting execution in the state with the capital city where Lo-Fi was formed?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Dr. Johann Gruber (October 20, 1889 - April 7, 1944), also known as \"Papa Gruber\" and \"The Saint of Gusen\", was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest who was imprisoned in Concentration Camp Gusen I from 1940 until his ritual death by the camp commandant on Holyfriday 1944. In the concentration camp, Gruber helped many others survive by raising funds from outside the camp and bribing the SS men and kapos in order to organise the delivery of food to starving inmates.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was \"a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995.\" Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between \"1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted.\" The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Avenal is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Avenal is located southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of . It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260), which encompasses all of Kings County. In area, it is the largest city in Kings County. The Zip Code for this community is 93204, and telephone numbers use the sequence (559) 386-XXXX. The population was 15,505 in the 2010 census, which includes inmates at the Avenal State Prison, the first prison actively solicited by a community in the state of California. Many of the remaining residents largely either work at the prison or in the agriculture industry. The prison provides approximately 1,000 jobs to residents. The California Department of Finance estimated that Avenal's population was 13,159 on January 1, 2015. As of that date, Avenal State Prison held 4,165 inmates, which was about 32% of the total population of Avenal. Inmates are counted as city residents by both the United States Census and the California Department of Finance.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Kathryn Elsbeth Erbe (born July 5, 1965) is an American actress known for her role as Detective Alexandra Eames on Law & Order: Criminal Intent, a spin - off of Law & Order, and death row inmate Shirley Bellinger in the HBO series Oz.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Andrew Lee Jones (c. 1955 – July 22, 1991) was an American executed for murder. He was tried, convicted, and executed in the electric chair in Louisiana for the murder of Tumekica Jackson. He was the last inmate to die in Louisiana's infamous electric chair, \"Gruesome Gertie\".\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Teresa Wilson Bean Lewis (April 26, 1969 – September 23, 2010) was an American murderer who was the only woman on death row in Virginia prior to her execution. She was sentenced to death by lethal injection for the murders of her husband and stepson in October 2002. Lewis sought to profit from a $250,000 life insurance policy her stepson had taken out as a U.S. Army reservist in anticipation of his deployment to Iraq.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Acceptance is the first episode of season 2, written by Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner and directed by Dan Attias. House and his team has to diagnose and cure a death row inmate\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Samsung Galaxy Tab E 9.6 is a 9.6 - inch Android - based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It belongs to the entry - level ``E ''line of the Samsung Galaxy Tab series. It was announced on June 16, 2015 and released on 1 July 2015. It is available in Wi - Fi only and Wi - Fi / 4G variants." ]	73	[ "Passage 5" ]
Who claimed a homeland in parts of Turkey, Iran, and the country whose invasion of Shuroq Amin's birth country resulted in U.S. military action?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy that could not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King Constantine wished Cyprus \"a speedy union with the mother country\". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: In 2004, declassified documents revealed that the U.S. was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they briefly considered military action to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields in late 1973. Although no explicit plan was mentioned, a conversation between U.S. Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger and British Ambassador to the United States Lord Cromer revealed Schlesinger had told him that \"it was no longer obvious to him that the U.S. could not use force.\" British Prime Minister Edward Heath was so worried by this prospect that he ordered a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions, which concluded America \"might consider it could not tolerate a situation in which the U.S. and its allies were at the mercy of a small group of unreasonable countries,\" and that they would prefer a rapid operation to seize oilfields in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and possibly Abu Dhabi in military action was decided upon. Although the Soviet response to such an act would likely not involve force, intelligence warned \"the American occupation would need to last 10 years as the West developed alternative energy sources, and would result in the ‘total alienation’ of the Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World.\"\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: After Pakistan gained its independence in August 1947, Iran was the first country to recognize its sovereign status. Pakistan's relations with Iran grew strained at times due to sectarian tensions, as Pakistani Shias claimed that they were being discriminated against under the Pakistani government's Islamisation programme.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Invasion of Panama Part of the War on Drugs U.S. soldiers prepare to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City, in December 1989. Date 20 December 1989 (1989 - 12 - 20) -- 31 January 1990 (1 month, 1 week and 4 days) Location Panama Result US victory Military leader Manuel Noriega deposed Belligerents Panama Panama Defense Force United States Panamanian opposition Commanders and leaders Manuel Noriega (POW) George H.W. Bush Maxwell R. Thurman Guillermo Endara Strength 20,000 27,000 Casualties and losses 234 killed 1,908 captured 26 killed 325 wounded Panamanian civilians killed according to U.S. military: 202 United Nations: 500 CODEHUCA: 2,500 -- 3,000 1 Spanish journalist killed\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Shurooq Amin was born in Kuwait in 1967 to a Kuwaiti father and a Syrian mother. Her father died when she was 11. She earned her BA in English literature from Kuwait University in 1988 and her MA in modern literature from Kent University in 1989. She earned her PhD in creative writing from Warnborough College in 2007, specialising in Ekphrastic art and poetry.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupied much of Western Iran, and fully withdrew in 1921. The Persian Campaign commenced furthermore during World War I in Northwestern Iran after an Ottoman invasion, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. As a result of Ottoman hostilities across the border, a large amount of the Assyrians of Iran were massacred by the Ottoman armies, notably in and around Urmia. Apart from the rule of Aqa Mohammad Khan, the Qajar rule is characterized as a century of misrule.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: When Banu Amin opened one of the country's first religious seminary for women in Iran in the 1960s, the Maktab-e Fatimah of Isfahan, Zīnah al-Sādāt Humāyūnī became its director and remained in that position until 1992. Apparently, the establishment of the maktab was first and foremost Humāyūnī's idea. She made key administrative decisions and devised the study program.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of \"State Sponsors of Terrorism\", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterranean, signalling the collapse of relations between the two countries. Libyan relations with Lebanon and Shi'ite communities across the world also deteriorated due to the August 1978 disappearance of imam Musa al-Sadr when visiting Libya; the Lebanese accused Gaddafi of having him killed or imprisoned, a charge he denied. Relations with Syria improved, as Gaddafi and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad shared an enmity with Israel and Egypt's Sadat. In 1980, they proposed a political union, with Libya paying off Syria's £1 billion debt to the Soviet Union; although pressures led Assad to pull out, they remained allies. Another key ally was Uganda, and in 1979, Gaddafi sent 2,500 troops into Uganda to defend the regime of President Idi Amin from Tanzanian invaders. The mission failed; 400 Libyans were killed and they were forced to retreat. Gaddafi later came to regret his alliance with Amin, openly criticising him.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Kurdistan (/ ˌkɜːrdɪˈstæn, ˈstɑːn /; Kurdish: کوردستان ‎ (ˌkʊɾdɯˈstɑːn) (listen); lit. ``homeland of the Kurds '') or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo - cultural historical region wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and Kurdish culture, languages and national identity have historically been based. Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges. The territory corresponds to Kurdish irredentist claims." ]	Kurdish people	[ "Passage 5", "Passage 10" ]
The first prime minister for Tras Street and the whole country was whom?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: 1930: Baird installs a television at 10 Downing Street, London, the British Prime Minister's residence. On July 14, Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald and his family use it to watch the first ever television drama, The Man with the Flower in His Mouth.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Benedicto Kagimu Mugumba Kiwanuka (8 May 1922 – 22 September 1972) was the first prime minister of Uganda, a leader of the Democratic Party, and one of the persons that led the country in the transition between colonial British rule and independence. He was murdered by Idi Amin's regime in 1972.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Sutan Sjahrir (5 March 1909 – 9 April 1966) was an avant garde and idealistic Indonesian intellectual, as well as revolutionary independence leader. He became the first prime minister of Indonesia in 1945, after a career as a key Indonesian nationalist organizer in the 1930s and 1940s. From there, Sutan worked hard as Prime Minister to ensure Indonesia was living up to its name. He was a pure idealist and a genius intellectual who despite his political interest, put his country first before his own needs. Unlike some of his colleagues, he did not support the Japanese and worked to gain independence for Indonesia.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The 1973 constitution was the first in Pakistan to be framed by elected representatives. Unlike the 1962 constitution it gave Pakistan a parliamentary democracy with executive power concentrated in the office of the prime minister, and the formal head of state -- the president -- limited to acting on the advice of the prime minister.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE (15 May 1919 -- 6 September 2005) was a Dominican politician who was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest - serving prime minister. She was the second female prime minister in the Caribbean after Lucina da Costa of the Netherlands Antilles, and the first woman elected in her own right as head of government in the Americas. She was the world's third longest - serving female Prime Minister, behind Indira Gandhi of India and Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, and the world's longest continuously serving female Prime Minister ever. Charles was also Dominica's first female lawyer.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: On 13 December 2007, Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare was toppled by a vote of no confidence in Parliament, following the defection of five ministers to the opposition. It was the first time a prime minister had lost office in this way in Solomon Islands. On 20 December, Parliament elected the opposition's candidate (and former Minister for Education) Derek Sikua as Prime Minister, in a vote of 32 to 15.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Tras Street is a street located in Tanjong Pagar in the Outram Planning Area and Downtown Core in Singapore. The road connects Enggor Street and Gopeng Street to Cook Street, and is intersected by Wallich Street." ]	Lee Kuan Yew	[ "Passage 10" ]
When did the territory that had been compared to Gibraltar become part of the British Empire?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Following the Second World War, the political status of British Togoland changed – it became a United Nations Trust Territory, although still administered by the United Kingdom. During the decolonization of Africa, a plebiscite was organised in British Togoland in May 1956 to decide the future of the territory. A majority of voters taking part voted to merge the territory with the neighbouring Gold Coast, a British Crown colony.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The British Empire, consolidated during the period of British maritime hegemony in the 19th century, became the largest empire in history by virtue of the improved transportation technologies of the time. At its height, the British Empire covered a quarter of the Earth's land area and comprised a quarter of its population. During the New Imperialism, Italy and Germany also built their colonial empires in Africa.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Francisco Garcés was the first European in the area. Nevada was annexed as a part of the Spanish Empire in the northwestern territory of New Spain. Administratively, the area of Nevada was part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Nevada became a part of Alta California (Upper California) province in 1804 when the Californias were split. With the Mexican War of Independence won in 1821, the province of Alta California became a territory - not a state - of Mexico, due to the small population. In later years, a desire for increased autonomy led to several attempts by the Alta Californians to gain independence from Mexico. Jedediah Smith entered the Las Vegas Valley in 1827, and Peter Skene Ogden traveled the Humboldt River in 1828. As a result of the Mexican -- American War and the Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo, Mexico permanently lost Alta California in 1848. The new areas acquired by the United States continued to be administered as territories. As part of the Mexican Cession (1848) and the subsequent California Gold Rush that used Emigrant Trails through the area, the state's area evolved first as part of the Utah Territory, then the Nevada Territory (March 2, 1861; named for the Sierra Nevada). The capitol is Carson City\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23% of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35,500,000 km (13,700,000 sq mi), 7001240000000000000 ♠ 24% of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase ``the empire on which the sun never sets ''was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference. The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory. By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents. The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Minorca. Gibraltar became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean. Spain also ceded the rights to the lucrative asiento (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America) to Britain.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in South-East Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the Empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Date April 19, 1775 -- September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) Location Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Central America, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Result American - Allied victory: Peace of Paris British recognition of American independence End of the First British Empire British retention of Canada and Gibraltar Territorial changes Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: On 7 June 1823, John Crawfurd signed a second treaty with the Sultan and Temenggong, which extended British possession to most of the island. The Sultan and Temenggong traded most of their administrative rights of the island, including the collection of port taxes for lifelong monthly payments of $1500 and $800 respectively. This agreement brought the island under the British Law, with the provision that it would take into account Malay customs, traditions and religion. Raffles replaced Farquhar with John Crawfurd, an efficient and frugal administrator, as the new governor. In October 1823, Raffles departed for Britain and would never return to Singapore as he died in 1826, at the age of 44. In 1824, Singapore was ceded in perpetuity to the East India Company by the Sultan." ]	7 June 1823	[ "Passage 10" ]
What larger group of mountains includes the mountain range that Grassengrat is part of?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Uri Alps (also known as \"Urner Alps\", ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss).\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Pingla (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 32 Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency). It was earlier part of Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency).\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Canon de 16 Gribeauval was a French cannon and part of the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. It was part of the siege artillery.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Avren (, pronounced ) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Avren Municipality in the eastern part of Varna Province.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Chora Botor is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of Limmu Kosa woreda. It is part of the Jimma Zone.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Montgomery is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 1,201, up from 992 in 2000. In 1963, part of Avery's Gore in Franklin County became part of Montgomery, with the other section becoming part of Belvidere in Lamoille County.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Representative Party Years Congress (es) Electoral history Description and Counties James F. McNulty, Jr. Democratic January 3, 1983 -- January 3, 1985 98 Lost re-election Southeast Arizona, including parts of Tucson: Cochise, Greenlee, Graham (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part), Santa Cruz (part) Jim Kolbe Republican January 3, 1985 -- January 3, 1993 99 100 101 102 Redistricted to the 8th district January 3, 1993 -- January 3, 2003 103 104 105 106 107 Southeast Arizona, including parts of Tucson: Cochise, Graham (part), Pima (part), Pinal (part) J.D. Hayworth Republican January 3, 2003 -- January 3, 2007 108 109 Redistricted from the 6th district Lost re-election Maricopa (part): Parts of Metro Phoenix Harry Mitchell Democratic January 3, 2007 -- January 3, 2011 110 111 Lost re-election David Schweikert Republican January 3, 2011 -- January 3, 2013 112 Redistricted to the 6th district Matt Salmon Republican January 3, 2013 -- January 3, 2017 113 114 First elected in 2012 Maricopa (part): Southeastern parts of Metro Phoenix Andy Biggs Republican January 3, 2017 -- 115 First elected in 2016\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Wadera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Adolana Wadera woreda. It is part of the Guji Zone. The largest town is Wadera.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Jinonice is a district of Prague, mostly part of Prague 5, but a small area is part of Prague 13. It is located on the north edge of Prokopské údolí national park. Jinonice has been a part of Prague city since 1922.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is PE, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Peru. The second part is three letters." ]	Western Alps	[ "Passage 1" ]
Where was the initial german offensive on the western front of the war Gilbert Dyett was part of stopped in September of 1914?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Major-General Gerald James Cuthbert (12 September 1861 – 1 February 1931) was a British Army officer who commanded a battalion in the Boer War and a division in the First World War. Cuthbert joined the Scots Guards in 1882 and served in Egypt and the Sudan during the late 19th century. During the Boer War he served with his regiment, rising to command a battalion and after the war he was given command of a brigade in the Territorial Force and then in the British Expeditionary Force of 1914. He served on the Western Front from 1914 to 1917, rising to command 39th Division, then returned to home service before retiring in 1919.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of Rastenburg and Gumbinnen, in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: All Quiet on the Western Front (German: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit. 'In the West Nothing New') is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: A First World War veteran of the Gallipoli Campaign, Dyett also served as Dominion President of the British Empire Services League from 1921 to 1946, and was secretary of the Victorian Trotting and Racing Association for 30 years from 1919 to 1949.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The term ``First World War ''was first used in September 1914 by German biologist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel, who claimed that`` there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War'... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word,'' citing a wire service report in The Indianapolis Star on 20 September 1914.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Karl Sutter (10 May 1914 – 14 September 2003) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the pole vault.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The German Army came within 70 km (43 mi) of Paris but at the First Battle of the Marne (6 -- 12 September), French and British troops were able to force a German retreat by exploiting a gap which appeared between the 1st and 2nd Armies, ending the German advance into France. The German Army retreated north of the Aisne River and dug in there, establishing the beginnings of a static western front that was to last for the next three years. Following this German retirement, the opposing forces made reciprocal outflanking manoeuvres, known as the Race for the Sea and quickly extended their trench systems from the Swiss frontier to the North Sea. The territory occupied by Germany held 64 percent of French pig - iron production, 24 percent of its steel manufacturing and 40 percent of the coal industry -- dealing a serious blow to French industry.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Theodor Weissenberger (21 December 1914 – 11 June 1950) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II and a fighter ace credited with 208 enemy aircraft shot down in 375 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed near the Arctic Ocean in the northern sector of the Eastern Front, but he also claimed 33 victories over the Western Front. He claimed eight of these victories over the Western Allies while flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive essentially pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line, and was followed by an armistice. The term ``Hundred Days Offensive ''does not refer to a specific battle or unified strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories starting with the Battle of Amiens.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Battle of Transylvania was the first major operation of the Romanian forces Campaign during World War I, beginning on 27 August 1916. It started as an attempt by the Romanian Army to seize the disputed province of Transylvania, and potentially knock Austria-Hungary out of the war. Although initially successful, the offensive was brought to a halt after Bulgaria's attack on Dobruja. Coupled with a successful German and Austro-Hungarian counterattack which started in mid-September, the Romanian Army was eventually forced to retreat back to the Carpathians by mid-October. The Romanian armies however managed to escape the Central Powers' attempts to completely destroy them. The Battle of Transylvania also caused the replacement of the Chief of Staff of the German Army and the shifting of German attention to the region, causing German offensive operations at Verdun to cease." ]	First Battle of the Marne	[ "Passage 4", "Passage 7" ]
Kanye is credited for the shift away from what genre of music shared by Mode 9?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: A standalone mode, Fortnite Battle Royale, based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay, was released for the same platforms in September 2017.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: ``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Hybrid Heaven is a video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Osaka and released for the Nintendo 64 in 1999. This game is most notable for its peculiar mix of genres: it has aspects of both role-playing video games and action-adventure games. The designers had hoped to create a \"new style RPG battle system\". It is also one of the few Nintendo 64 titles to support a widescreen mode.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: NBA 2K19 Cover art featuring Giannis Antetokounmpo Developer (s) Visual Concepts Publisher (s) 2K Sports Series NBA 2K Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Nintendo Switch PlayStation 4 Xbox One Android iOS Release WW: September 11, 2018 Genre (s) Sports Mode (s) Single - player, multiplayer\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Jean Frémon (born 1946 in Paris) is a French gallerist and writer. His written work spans and fuses genres, and contributed importantly to a trans-genre tendency in contemporary French letters. Working principally in the modes of ekphrasis, art criticism, literary commentary, narrative, and poetry, Frémon is perhaps unique in his fusion of late 20th century experimentalisms with the deeply rooted French tradition of \"belles lettres\"." ]	gangsta rap	[]
When did the group that ruled the country whose influence decreased due to the Scottish reformation during the reign of terror start?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour of government officials. The phrase can be traced back to 16th century Britain, and in the following century the Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherford used the phrase in his argument against the divine right of kings. The rule of law was further popularized in the 19th century by British jurist A. V. Dicey. The concept, if not the phrase, was familiar to ancient philosophers such as Aristotle, who wrote \"Law should govern\".\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Jahangir (born Salim, reigned 1605 -- 1627) was born to Akbar and his wife Mariam - uz - Zamani, an Indian Rajput princess. Jahangir ruled the empire at its peak, but he was addicted to opium, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court cliques. Shah Jahan (reigned 1628 -- 1658) was born to Jahangir and his wife Jagat Gosaini, a Rajput princess. During the reign of Shah Jahan, the culture and splendour of the luxurious Mughal court reached its zenith as exemplified by the Taj Mahal. The maintenance of the court, at this time, began to cost more than the revenue.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: His reign represented the start of a new era in Brunei. The discovery of oil changed the whole course of Brunei's history and enabled faster development in all sectors of the country. The expansion and improvement of formal education and his encouragement of religious education were some of his additional contributions to Brunei Darussalam.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: At the start of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was an autocracy controlled by the Tsar, with millions of the country's largely agrarian population living in abject poverty, and the anti-communist historian Robert Service noted, ``poverty and oppression constituted the best soil for Marxism to grow in ''. The man responsible for largely introducing the ideology into the country was Georgi Plekhanov, although the movement itself was largely organised by a man known as Vladimir Lenin, who had for a time been exiled to a prison camp in Siberia by the Tsarist government for his beliefs. A Marxist group known as the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was formed in the country, although it soon divided into two main factions: the Bolsheviks led by Lenin and the Mensheviks led by Julius Martov. In 1905, there was a revolution against the Tsar's rule, in which workers' councils known as`` soviets'' were formed in many parts of the country and the Tsar was forced to implement democratic reform, introducing an elected government, the Duma.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Although a number of the East Jersey proprietors in England were Quakers and the governor through most of the 1680s was the leading Quaker Robert Barclay, the Quaker influence on government was not significant. Even the immigration instigated by Barclay was oriented toward promoting Scottish influence more than Quaker influence. In 1682 Barclay and the other Scottish proprietors began the development of Perth Amboy as the capital of the province. In 1687 James II permitted ships to be cleared at Perth Amboy.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Colonel Arturo Armando Molina Barraza (born August 6, 1927) is a former President of El Salvador. He was born in San Salvador. He served between July 1, 1972 and July 1, 1977. The 1973 oil crisis led to rising food prices and decreased agricultural output. This worsened the existent socioeconomic inequality in the country, leading to increased unrest. In response, Molina enacted a series of land reform measures, calling for large landholdings to be redistributed among the peasant population. The reforms failed, thanks to opposition from the landed elite, reinforcing the widespread discontent with the government.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Hébertists (), or Exaggerators () were a radical revolutionary political group associated with the populist journalist Jacques Hébert, a member of the Cordeliers club. They came to power during the Reign of Terror and played a significant role in the French Revolution.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: André Antoine Bernard (21 June 1751 – 19 October 1818) called Bernard de Saintes, was a French lawyer and revolutionary, one of the Jacobins responsible for the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries." ]	April 1793	[]
What is the county seat of the county where Certified Acceptance Corporation is headquartered?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Ambit Energy is an International multi-level marketing company that provides electricity and natural gas services in energy markets in the U.S. that have been deregulated.The company's corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas, and its operations/call center headquarters are located in Plano, Texas. Ambit Energy was founded in 2006 in Addison, Texas by Jere Thompson Jr. and Chris Chambless.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Les Docks de Marseille is a historical building in the heart of La Joliette, a business district in Marseille, France. The building is home to 220 companies employing some 3,500 people. Various corporate headquarters, regional branches, restaurants, and services are located inside.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Bageshwar is a town and a municipal board in Bageshwar district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is located at a distance of 470 km from the National Capital New Delhi and 332 km from the State Capital Dehradun. Bageshwar is known for its scenic beauty, Glaciers, Rivers and Temples. It is also the administrative headquarters of Bageshwar district.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Certified Acceptance Corporation (CAC) is a Far Hills, New Jersey coin certification company started in 2007 by coin dealer John Albanese. The firm evaluates certain numismatically valuable U.S. coins already certified by Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) or Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS)." ]	Somerville	[ "Passage 10" ]
Compared to other continents, how is the one ranked that has Champness Glacier?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Continent Makers is a science fiction novella by American writers L. Sprague de Camp, part of his \"Viagens Interplanetarias\" series. It was first published in the magazine \"Thrilling Wonder Stories\" in the issue for April, 1951. It first appeared in book form in the collection \"The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens\", published in hardcover by Twayne Publishers in 1953, and in paperback by Signet Books in 1971. It has also been translated into Portuguese, Dutch, and Italian.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Zealandia (/ ziːˈlændiə /), also known as the New Zealand continent or Tasmantis, is a nearly submerged mass of continental crust that sank after breaking away from Australia 60 -- 85 million years ago, having separated from Antarctica between 85 and 130 million years ago. It has variously been described as a continental fragment, a microcontinent and a continent. The name and concept for Zealandia were proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Champness Glacier () is a tributary glacier, long, draining northeast from the vicinity of Ian Peak in the Bowers Mountains and entering Lillie Glacier at Griffith Ridge, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The glacier was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition to northern Victoria Land, 1967–68, for G.R. Champness, field assistant with that party. The glacier lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to ``drift ''across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Argentinosaurus (meaning \"Argentine lizard\") is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur first discovered by Guillermo Heredia in Argentina. The generic name refers to the country in which it was discovered. The dinosaur lived on the then-island continent of South America somewhere between 97 and 93.5 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period. It is among the largest known dinosaurs.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents ``ploughed ''through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere." ]	fifth-largest	[ "Passage 8", "Passage 3" ]
Who wrote the national anthem of the country where the village of Maddegama is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: ``Jana Gana Mana ''(Hindi: (ɟənə gəɳə mənə)) is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by poet Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in its Hindi version was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately fifty - two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (now, Kolkata) Session of the Indian National Congress.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Maddegama is a village in the western province, Sri Lanka of Sri Lanka. It is located next to the Kirindiwela-Hanwella road.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: ``My Country, 'Tis of Thee '', also known as`` America'', is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, ``God Save the Queen '', arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like`` Hail, Columbia'') before the adoption of ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''as the official anthem in 1931.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ``Advance Australia Fair '', with modified lyrics from the original (see development of lyrics), was adopted as the Australian national anthem on 19 April 1984 by a proclamation by the Governor - General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on a recommendation by the Labor government of Bob Hawke.`` God Save the Queen'', now known as the royal anthem, continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by the Queen or members of the Royal Family.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: ``Lupang Hinirang ''((ˈlupaŋ hiˈniɾaŋ); originally in Spanish: Patria Adorada (ˈpatɾja aðoˈɾaða); English:`` Chosen Land'') is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, written by José Palma in 1899. Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: ``Motherland ''(French: Mère Patrie) is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean - Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The ``National Anthem of the Republic of China ''is the national anthem of Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by China as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s; beforehand the`` Song to the Auspicious Cloud'' was used as the Chinese national anthem. In contemporary China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of China is the ``March of the Volunteers ''. The national anthem was also adopted in Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after the surrender of Japan.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: O Canada Sheet music for Canada's national anthem, in English, French, and Inuktitut National anthem of Canada Also known as French: Ô Canada Lyrics Adolphe - Basile Routhier (French, 1880), Robert Stanley Weir (English, 1908) Music Calixa Lavallée, 1880 Adopted July 1, 1980\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"Motherland\" is the national anthem of Mauritius. The music was composed by Philippe Gentil and the lyrics were written by Jean-Georges Prosper. The anthem is short and briefly describes the luscious landscape of Mauritius. It also mentions the qualities of its people: peace, justice, and liberty.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: \"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe\", usually known just as the \"Wilhelmus\" (; ; English translation: \"The William\"), is the national anthem of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It dates back to at least 1572, making it the national anthem with the oldest music. Although the \"Wilhelmus\" was not recognized as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status. It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 to 1964." ]	Ananda Samarakoon	[ "Passage 2" ]
In the passion of the christ, who plays the sower in the parable of the sower?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: James Patrick Caviezel (born September 26, 1968) is an American actor. He portrayed Jesus Christ in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ. His other notable roles include Private Witt in The Thin Red Line (1998), Detective John Sullivan in Frequency (2000), Jim McCormick in Madison, Catch in Angel Eyes (2001), Johannes in I Am David, Edmond Dantès in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), golfer Bobby Jones in Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius (2004), and Carroll Oerstadt in Déjà Vu (2006). From 2011 until 2016, he starred as John Reese on the CBS science - fiction crime drama series Person of Interest.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Paul, Apostle of Christ is a 2018 American biblical drama film written and directed by Andrew Hyatt. It stars James Faulkner as Saint Paul and Jim Caviezel (who portrayed Jesus in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ) as Saint Luke.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The parable of the Good Samaritan is a parable told by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke It is about a traveler who is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. First a priest and then a Levite comes by, but both avoid the man. Finally, a Samaritan happens upon the traveler. Samaritans and Jews generally despised each other, but the Samaritan helps the injured man. Jesus is described as telling the parable in response to the question from a lawyer, ``And who is my neighbor? ''who Leviticus Lev 19: 18 says should be loved. In response, Jesus tells the parable, the conclusion of which is that the neighbour figure in the parable is the man who shows mercy to the injured man -- that is, the Samaritan.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Parable of the Great Banquet or the Wedding Feast or the Marriage of the King's Son is a parable told by Jesus in the New Testament, found in Matthew Matthew 22: 1 - 14 and Luke Luke 14: 15 - 24.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Parable of the Pearl (also called the Pearl of Great Price) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew 13: 45 - 46 and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It is the penultimate parable in Matthew 13, just before the Parable of the Dragnet.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Passion of the Christ Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Gibson Produced by Bruce Davey Mel Gibson Stephen McEveety Screenplay by Mel Gibson Benedict Fitzgerald Translation: William Fulco Based on The Passion in the New Testament of the Bible and The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ by Anne Catherine Emmerich Starring Jim Caviezel Maia Morgenstern Monica Bellucci Claudia Gerini Sergio Rubini Music by John Debney Cinematography Caleb Deschanel Edited by John Wright Steve Mirkovich Production company Icon Productions Distributed by Newmarket Films Release date February 25, 2004 (2004 - 02 - 25) Running time 126 minutes Country United States Language Aramaic Latin Hebrew Budget $30 million Box office $611.9 million\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Maia Emilia Ninel Morgenstern (Romanian pronunciation: (ˈmaja ˈmorɡənʃtern) (listen); born 1 May 1962) is a Romanian film and stage actress, described by Florin Mitu of AMOS News as ``a symbol of Romanian theater and film ''. In the English - speaking world, she is probably best known for the role of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ. In Romania, she has been nationally known since her 1992 role as Nela in Balanța, a film known in the United States as The Oak, set during the waning days of Communist Romania.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Maia Emilia Ninel Morgenstern (Romanian pronunciation: (ˈmaja ˈmorɡənʃtern) (listen); born 1 May 1962) is a Romanian film and stage actress, described by Florin Mitu of AMOS News as ``a symbol of Romanian theater and film ''. In the English - speaking world, she is probably best known for the role of Mary, mother of Jesus, in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ. In Romania, she has been nationally known since her 1992 role as Nela in Balanța, a film known in the United States as The Oak, set during the waning days of Communist Romania.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Sowers Glacier () is a glacier that flows from the prominent cirque on the east side of Craddock Massif and continues between Willis Ridge on the north, and Sanchez Peak and Stolnik Peak on the south, to join Thomas Glacier north of Mount Osborne, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Sowers is a ghost town located approximately 11 miles northwest of Dallas, Texas in Dallas County. Today, the once rural community is located entirely within the boundaries of Irving, Texas. Of the original townsite, only the cemetery remains." ]	James Patrick Caviezel	[ "Passage 1" ]
What area contains the region that encompasses Rotstöckli?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Canon de 16 Gribeauval was a French cannon and part of the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. It was part of the siege artillery.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is PE, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Peru. The second part is three letters.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Medicare is further divided into parts A and B -- Medicare Part A covers hospital (inpatient, formally admitted only), skilled nursing (only after being formally admitted for three days and not for custodial care), and hospice services; Part B covers outpatient services including some providers services while inpatient at a hospital. Part D covers self - administered prescription drugs. Part C is an alternative called Managed Medicare by the Trustees that allows patients to choose plans with at least the same benefits as Parts A and B (but most often more), often the benefits of Part D, and always an annual out of pocket spend limit which A and B lack; the beneficiary must enroll in Parts A and B first before signing up for Part C.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Back to the Future's success led to two film sequels: Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: In 1794 Revolutionary France occupied the Duchy of Jülich (Duché de Juliers), which became part of the French département of the Roer. The Treaty of Lunéville in 1801 officially acknowledged the cession of Jülich to France. In 1815, following the defeat of Napoleon, the duchy became part of the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (after 1822 part of the Prussian Rhine Province), except for the cities Sittard and Tegelen, which became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: ``Daybreak ''is the three - part series finale of the reimagined science fiction television series Battlestar Galactica, and are the 74th (labeled`` Daybreak, Part 1'' on the DVD) and 75th (labeled ``Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3 ''on the DVD) episodes overall. The episodes aired on the U.S. Sci Fi Channel and SPACE in Canada respectively on March 13 and March 20, 2009. The second part (`` Daybreak, Parts 2 & 3'') is double - length. The episodes were written by Ronald D. Moore, and directed by Michael Rymer. The Season 4.5 DVD and Blu - ray releases for Region 1 feature an extended version of the finale, which not only combines all three parts as a single episode, but also integrates it with new scenes not seen in the aired version of either part. The survivor count shown in the title sequence for Part 1 is 39,516. The survivor count shown in the title sequence for Part 2 is 39,406. At the end of Part 2, Admiral Adama announces the survivor population at approximately 38,000.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Stord is an island in Hordaland county, Norway. Located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland, the island is part of the municipalities of Stord (southern part) and Fitjar (northern part). The largest settlements on the island are the town of Leirvik (granted town status in 1997) and the villages of Sagvåg and Fitjar.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Gasera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Gaserana Gololcha woreda. It is part of the Bale Zone. The administrative center for the woreda is Gasera.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Wadera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Adolana Wadera woreda. It is part of the Guji Zone. The largest town is Wadera." ]	Western Alps	[]
In the 1900s, how many people lived in the city that is within the administrative territorial entity where William Selden was born?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. \"During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.\":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. \"Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice.\"\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Charles Edward Herbert (12 June 1860 – 21 January 1929) was an Australian politician and judge. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1900 to 1905, representing the electorate of Northern Territory. He was Government Resident of the Northern Territory from 1905 to 1910. He was then deputy chief judicial officer of the Territory of Papua (later Judge of the Central Court of Papua) from 1910 to 1928. This role saw him serve for extended periods on the Executive Council of Papua, and act as its Administrator and Lieutenant-Governor. During this period, he served as an acting judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in 1921. He was appointed Administrator of Norfolk Island in 1928, holding the position until his death in 1929.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the \"Wall Street of Black America.\" In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: A. I. Selden Dam is a dam in Hale County, Alabama. The concrete gravity dam was constructed in 1958 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers with a height of and long at its crest. It impounds the Black Warrior River for navigation and flood control. Named for the U.S. Representative from Alabama, Armistead I. Selden, Jr., the dam is owned and operated by the Corps of Engineers.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: According to the Library of Virginia \"William Selden was born 31 January 1791 in Henrico County, Virginia, to Miles Selden (1752-1811) and Elizabeth Armistead Selden (1752-1833). He was a member for Henrico County in the House of Delegates from 1813 to 1816 and from 1818 to 1821. He later served as Registrar of the Land Office. He married first Maria Eliza Swann (d. 1834) 26 November 1833, and they had one child. He married second Emily Hunter 9 June 1840, and they had eight children. Selden died 7 April 1874.\"\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Iksane is a commune in the Nador Province of the Oriental administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9001 people living in 1744 households." ]	85,050	[ "Passage 7", "Passage 3" ]
How many districts are in the city where The Mann School is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Mount Calm Independent School District is a public school district based in Mount Calm, Texas, United States. Located in Hill County, a portion of the district extends into Limestone County.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Detroit City High School was a secondary school located in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It was one of the many public high schools in the Detroit Public School District. It closed in 2012.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Blanket Independent School District is a public school district based in Blanket, Texas (USA) located in Brown County. A portion of the district extends into Comanche County.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Medina Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Medina, Texas (USA). Located in Bandera County, a small portion of the district extends into Kerr County.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Greenwood School District is a public school district located in Greenwood, Arkansas, United States. Established in 1881 by court order as \"Greenwood School District #25\", the district since the 2010-11 school year supports one high school, one junior high school, one middle school, and two elementary schools.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Mann School is located in Holambi Khurd, near Alipur on National Highway 1 (NH 1), New Delhi, India. Its inception was in 1989. The school is located 25 km from New Delhi Railway Station and 35 km from Indira Gandhi International Airport.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Rule Independent School District is a public school district based in Rule, Texas (USA). Located in western Haskell County, a small portion of the district extends into Stonewall County.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Centerville Independent School District is a public school district located in Trinity County, Texas, USA. It is a small school with an attendance of fewer than 175 students.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Many public high schools are located in the borough including the elite Bronx High School of Science, Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music, DeWitt Clinton High School, High School for Violin and Dance, Bronx Leadership Academy 2, Bronx International High School, the School for Excellence, the Morris Academy for Collaborative Study, Wings Academy for young adults, The Bronx School for Law, Government and Justice, Validus Preparatory Academy, The Eagle Academy For Young Men, Bronx Expeditionary Learning High School, Bronx Academy of Letters, Herbert H. Lehman High School and High School of American Studies. The Bronx is also home to three of New York City's most prestigious private, secular schools: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School." ]	11	[ "Passage 6" ]
Who did the performer of This Is It: The Very Best Of play in Home and Away?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: ``Fly Away ''is a 1975 song written and performed by John Denver featuring vocals by Olivia Newton - John. Released as a single from the Windsong album,`` Fly Away'' peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and spent two weeks atop the adult contemporary chart in early - 1976, Denver's sixth number one on this chart. ``Fly Away ''also peaked at number 12 on the country chart.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: A US-trained orthodontist by profession, he was killed on September 24, 1999 at his home in Angoori, Pakistan while attempting to settle a dispute involving a runaway village girl. A young girl ran away from home and her family, \"shamed\" by this action, attempted to kill the girl. Fazaldad Wahla tried to step in and save her, and was killed by the family.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013. As of 2009, the away kit is changed every season, and the outgoing away kit becomes the third-choice kit if a new home kit is being introduced in the same year.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Most of the first 16 years of Shannon's life were spent in Gaylord, where he attended public school, graduating from Gaylord High School in 1932. Shannon showed an inclination towards mechanical and electrical things. His best subjects were science and mathematics. At home he constructed such devices as models of planes, a radio-controlled model boat and a barbed-wire telegraph system to a friend's house a half-mile away. While growing up, he also worked as a messenger for the Western Union company.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: This Is It: The Very Best Of is a compilation album by dance-pop singer Dannii Minogue released in 2013. Besides including singles from her five studio albums, the album boasts a cover of \"The Winner Takes It All\", recorded as a duet with Kylie Minogue in 2008 for the British sitcom \"Beautiful People\" soundtrack and \"'Cos You're Beautiful\", a new track Dannii recorded in 2010 with her \"X Factor\" protegee Ruth Lorenzo.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In the United Kingdom, Home and Away was first broadcast on ITV from 11 February 1989 until 8 June 2000. Home and Away was shown twice a day on ITV, with a lunchtime showing and a tea time repeat; many regions aired it at around 5: 10 pm, while others at 6: 00 pm or even 6: 30 pm. The show attracted up to eight million viewers, making it one of ITV's top 30 rated programmes. It also helped boost audiences for ITV's regional and early evening news bulletins. During the show's last year on ITV, Home and Away attracted an average audience of 4.4 million for its early - evening repeats. In February 2000, it was announced that Home and Away would be moving to rival Channel 5 after they bought the rights to the show in a £40m auction deal. ITV reportedly offered twice the amount by Channel 5, but the Seven Network in Australia were swayed by Channel 5's commitment to the long - term future of the show in a deal of more than five years. After its run on ITV ended, Home and Away went off air for 12 months as ITV had an exclusivity clause that prevented any other broadcaster from airing the show for a year. After a delay in screening, Home and Away made its debut on Channel 5 on 16 July 2001. Channel 5 currently airs Home and Away at 1: 15 pm each week day, with a repeat at 6: 00 pm. UK viewers are able to catch up with episodes on 5 * and online via Demand 5. From July 2018, Home and Away is available for catch up on Paramount Network, a channel operated by Channel 5.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: James Stewart (born 21 October 1975) is an Australian stage, television and film actor, best known for his appearances in the television series Breakers and Packed to the Rafters. He has also made an appearance in the popular Australian drama Sea Patrol. From 2016, he began starring in Home and Away as Justin Morgan.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: ``I Still Call Australia Home ''is a song written and performed by Peter Allen in 1980. In it, Allen sings of Australian expatriates' longing for home.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: By 1965, Bob Dylan had achieved the status of leading songwriter of the American folk music revival. The response to his albums The Freewheelin 'Bob Dylan and The Times They Are a-Changin' led to him being labelled as the ``spokesman of a generation ''by the media. In March 1965, Dylan released his fifth album, Bringing It All Back Home. Side One featured Dylan backed by an electric band. Side Two featured Dylan accompanying himself on acoustic guitar. On July 20, 1965, Dylan released his single`` Like a Rolling Stone'', featuring a rock sound. On July 25, 1965, Dylan performed his first electric concert at the Newport Folk Festival, joined by guitarist Mike Bloomfield and Barry Goldberg of the Electric Flag. Some sections of the audience booed Dylan's performance. Leading members of the folk movement, including Irwin Silber and Ewan MacColl, criticized Dylan for moving away from political songwriting and for performing with an electric band.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer is an annual Hong Kong industry award presented to an actor or actress for the best performance by a new artist. The performance is often, but not obligatory, the debut role of the artist." ]	Emma Jackson	[ "Passage 5" ]
How many medals does the country Raphael Tuju is a citizen of have in gold coast?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 achievement of thirteen gold medals, but 4 gold medals (13 overall) were stripped later due to doping. Norway achieved the leading position in the medal table on 24 November 2017, when Russia was stripped of two gold medals in bobsleigh. However, at the end of January 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport cleared 28 Russian athletes and 9 out of 13 medals (including 3 gold) were reinstated, allowing Russia to return to the top position.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: For the fourth time in the last five Games, the United States led the medal table both in number of gold medals won (as the medals are listed on the official website of the Games, and internationally by tradition), and in overall medals (the traditional method by which the table is listed in the United States). Behind the United States, Great Britain were second on the medal table by golds (27), and third by overall medals (67) -- their highest finish under either count since the home games of 1908, while China were third by golds (26), but second by overall medals (70). Both countries were significantly behind the United States tally (46 golds, 121 medals), but well clear of a group of challengers for fourth in the table including Russia, Germany, France and 2020 hosts Japan.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Following the United States - led boycott of the Moscow Olympics, the Soviet Union and some of its allies responded by boycotting the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, citing security concerns. The United States won its first medals in volleyball at the Los Angeles Games: a gold in the men's competition, and a silver in the women's. The People's Republic of China won the gold medal in the women's competition in Los Angeles, their first time participating in an Olympic volleyball competition. The United States successfully defended their men's gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, and Peru won their only medal in volleyball, a silver in the women's competition. The Soviet Union won a silver medal in the men's competition and a gold in the women's at what would be their final Olympics. Following the 1990 -- 91 breakup of the Soviet Union, 12 of the 15 newly independent countries competed together as the Unified Team in Barcelona. In the women's competition, the Unified Team won the silver medal, and Cuba won their first of three consecutive gold medals. In the men's competition, Brazil won its first gold medal, and the Netherlands its first overall medal in the sport.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Paul Raphael Montford (1 November 1868 – 15 January 1938) was an English-born sculptor, also active in Australia; winner of the gold medal of the Royal Society of British Sculptors in 1934.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Games Gold Silver Bronze Total 1954 Vancouver 0 0 0 0 1958 Cardiff 0 0 1962 Perth 5 1966 Kingston 8 1970 Edinburgh 5 6 14 1974 Christchurch 7 9 18 1978 Edmonton 7 6 5 18 1982 Brisbane 10 1986 Edinburgh did not attend 1990 Auckland 6 9 18 1994 Victoria 7 8 19 1998 Kuala Lumpur 7 5 16 2002 Manchester 8 16 2006 Melbourne 6 5 7 18 2010 Delhi 12 11 10 33 2014 Glasgow 10 10 5 25 2018 Gold Coast 7 6 17 Total 85 75 77 237\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: He won both gold medals in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia - his country and 2013 World Wrestling Championships in Budapest, Hungary.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: India competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games at Gold Coast, Australia from 4 to 15 April 2018. It was India's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games. With 26 Gold medals and a total of 66 medals, India finished 3rd for the tournament. It was India's best position since the 2010 Commonwealth Games.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: For the fifth time in the last six Games, the United States led the medal table both in number of gold medals won (as the medals are listed on the official website of the Games, and internationally by tradition), and in overall medals (the traditional method by which the table is listed in the United States). Behind the United States, Great Britain were second on the medal table by golds (27), and third by overall medals (67) -- their highest finish in the former case since the home games of 1908 and in the latter since 1920, while China were third by golds (26), but second by overall medals (70). Both countries were significantly behind the United States tally (46 golds, 121 medals), but well clear of a group of challengers for fourth in the table including Russia, Germany, France and 2020 hosts Japan.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Athletes from 26 NOCs won at least one medal, and athletes from 19 of these NOCs secured at least one gold. For the first time, Canada won a gold medal at an Olympic Games it hosted, having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In contrast to the lack of gold medals at these previous Olympics, the Canadian team finished first overall in gold medal wins, and became the first host nation -- since Norway in 1952 -- to lead the gold medal count, with 14 medals. In doing so, it also broke the record for the most gold medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics (the previous was 13, set by the Soviet Union in 1976 and matched by Norway in 2002). The United States placed first in total medals -- its second time doing so in a Winter Games -- and set a new record for most medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics, with 37 (the previous record was 36, established by Germany in 2002). Athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations." ]	17	[ "Passage 6" ]
In what county is John Carter's birthplace?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: His father, John (Jack) Truman Carter Jr. (Michael Gross) is caring but stiff, and very acquiescent with his wife until he gets tired of her being an ``emotional vampire ''and divorces her. He and Carter have an awkward relationship where they love each other but John does n't respect his father. Jack recognizes this and keeps some distance from him as a result of it. Carter's mother, Eleanor (Mary McDonnell), is emotionally distant and cold. Her personality was largely shaped because she blamed herself for Carter's older brother, Robert's death from leukemia. Carter eventually figures out that much of her sadness comes from this and they briefly become closer, but eventually Eleanor removes herself from any ties to her family after Jack divorces her, to the point where John has no idea how to reach her and she refuses to return a phone call he makes after Millicent Carter (who hated her) passes away.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Carter Lake is a shallow oxbow lake in Nebraska and Iowa, located next to Omaha and Carter Lake. Soon after its formation the lake was called the East Omaha Lake, and then Lake Nakoma.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Currently based in Brooklyn, New York, Lightcap has worked with Marc Ribot, Regina Carter, Craig Taborn, John Medeski, Tomasz Stanko, John Scofield, The Swell Season, Mark Turner, Joe Morris, Chris Potter, Glen Hansard, Sheila Jordan, James Carter, Butch Morris, Ben Monder, Tom Harrell and others. His playing is featured on over 70 albums.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy." ]	Hillsdale County	[]
Who did the performer of Electronic Sound write the song Something for?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Al Jean and Mike Reiss wrote the episode while Rich Moore served as director. Michael Jackson guest - starred in the episode as the speaking voice of Leon Kompowsky. For contractual reasons, he was credited as John Jay Smith in the closing credits, and his role in the episode was not officially confirmed until later. Jackson was a fan of the show and called creator Matt Groening one night offering to do a guest spot. Jackson pitched several story ideas for the episode and wrote the song ``Happy Birthday Lisa ''that is featured in the plot. He also stipulated that he would provide Kompowsky's speaking voice, but his singing voice would be performed by a sound - alike (Kipp Lennon) because he wanted to play a joke on his brothers. The episode contains references to many aspects of Jackson's career, with Kompowsky singing portions of the songs`` Billie Jean'' and ``Ben ''.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: ``Gettin 'You Home (The Black Dress Song) ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Chris Young. It was released in February 2009 as the second single from his 2009 album The Man I Want to Be (2009). Young wrote the song with Kent Blazy and Cory Batten. The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised the suggestive lyrics for sounding sexy and for being a great non-sellout single.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: \"This Night\" is a song performed by female English dance music duo Booty Luv. They dropped off a video for the song in late October 2011. The song was then released seven months later as a promotional single on 24 May 2012 through recording label Industry Sound.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Electronic Sound is the second studio album by English rock musician George Harrison. Released in May 1969, it was the last of two LPs issued on the Beatles' short-lived Zapple record label, a subsidiary of Apple Records that specialised in the avant-garde. The album is an experimental work comprising two lengthy pieces performed on a Moog 3-series synthesizer. It was one of the first electronic music albums by a rock musician, made at a time when the Moog was usually played by dedicated exponents of the technology. Harrison subsequently introduced the Moog to the Beatles' sound, and the band featured synthesizer for the first time on their 1969 album \"Abbey Road\".\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: TV Dinners is Mikey McCleary's debut album of English songs. It consists of tracks that Mikey composed and wrote for major TV advertising brands like Vodafone, Levi's, Audi, Titan and Lakmé. He has extended these 45 second jingles into full songs by adding new composition and lyrics so that instead of sounding like jingles, they sound like tracks from various artists that were placed in TV ad films. Featuring Mikey's vocals on half the album, it also features the singers Anushka Manchanda, Shalmali Kholgade, Monica Dogra and Mauli Dave.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Its lyrics talk about Carey and her lover being involved in a tumultuous relationship. It was Carey's first single that she did not co-write with Ben Margulies. When she and Walden first wrote the song, she was excited because it sounded like something that would be played on the radio. However, due to bad experiences during its production and because she feels it \"doesn't have a message,\" Carey stated in an MTV interview that she dislikes the song and tries to sing it as rarely as possible. Carey had lobbied to co-produce the song, but was denied permission by Columbia Records. She often fought with Walden in the studio concerning the song's production, and as a result Walden became her least favorite among the producers who worked on her debut album. Due to this, Carey had not performed the song since her 1996 Daydream World Tour; though it was reinstated in 2015 for her #1 to Infinity concert residency in Las Vegas.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: \"I Wonder How Far It Is Over You\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was released in April 1991 as the second single from the album \"You've Got to Stand for Something\". The song reached #40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Tippin wrote the song with Buddy Brock.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: ``Who Says ''is a song performed by American band Selena Gomez & the Scene. Priscilla Renea wrote the song with Emanuel Kiriakou, who produced the track. The song was released in March 2011, as the lead single from the band's third album, When the Sun Goes Down (2011). According to Gomez, the song was intended to inspire people, and fire back at the`` haters'', particularly those involved in cyberbullying. ``Who Says ''marks a distinct departure in sound for the band, as it has an acoustic and organic feel, compared to their dance - pop and club - oriented previous singles.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The opening lyric was taken from the title of ``Something in the Way She Moves '', a track by Harrison's fellow Apple Records artist James Taylor. While Harrison imagined the composition in the style of Ray Charles, his inspiration for`` Something'' was his wife, Pattie Boyd. In her 2007 autobiography, Wonderful Today, Boyd recalls: ``He told me, in a matter - of - fact way, that he had written it for me. I thought it was beautiful... ''Boyd discusses the song's popularity among other recording artists and concludes:`` My favourite (version) was the one by George Harrison, which he played to me in the kitchen at Kinfauns.''" ]	his wife, Pattie Boyd	[ "Passage 5", "Passage 10" ]
The employer of Sinha Basnayake recognizes how many regions in the continent containing Meghalaya?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: About 70% of the state is forested, of which is dense primary subtropical forest. The Meghalayan forests are considered to be among the richest botanical habitats of Asia. These forests receive abundant rainfall and support a vast variety of floral and faunal biodiversity. A small portion of the forest area in Meghalaya is under what are known as \"sacred groves\" (see Sacred groves of India). These are small pockets of an ancient forest that have been preserved by the communities for hundreds of years due to religious and cultural beliefs. These forests are reserved for religious rituals and generally remain protected from any exploitation. These sacred groves harbour many rare plant and animal species. The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in the West Garo Hills and the Balphakram National Park in the South Garo Hills are considered to be the most biodiversity-rich sites in Meghalaya. In addition, Meghalaya has three wildlife sanctuaries. These are the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary, the Siju Sanctuary, and the Baghmara Sanctuary, which is also the home of the insect-eating pitcher plant \"Nepenthes khasiana\" also called \"Me'mang Koksi\" in local language.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Poibang Pohshna (born 24 August 1988 in Meghalaya) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Rangdajied United F.C. in the I-League.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The games take place in the star - shaped Kalos Region (カロス地方, Karosu - chihō), one of many such regions across the fictional Pokémon World. Centered around beauty, the region is heavily inspired by France and, to a lesser extent, Europe as a whole. Many locations and landmarks across Kalos have real - world inspirations, including Prism Tower (Eiffel Tower), the Lumiose Art Museum (the Louvre), and the stones outside Geosenge Town (Carnac stones). Wild Pokémon inhabit every corner of the Kalos Region, many of which are only known to appear in this area.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Meghalaya Progressive Alliance (MPA) was the ruling coalition of political parties that formed the Government in the state of Meghalaya, India from 2008 to 2009. It was led by the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and the United Democratic Party (UDP) who are the second and third largest parties in the 8th Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. Chief Minister Dr. Donkupar Roy and the other ministers in the Government belong to the MPA.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Fold mountains form when two tectonic plates move towards each other at a convergent plate boundary. Fold mountains form from sedimentary rocks that accumulate along the margins of continents. When plates and the continents riding on them collide, the accumulated layers of rock may crumple and fold like a tablecloth that is pushed across a table, particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt. They are also present in south africa, in many regions of the Western cape province." ]	53 member states	[ "Passage 4" ]
How many records have been sold worldwide by the band that performs Peace Sells?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature. The series has also had its share of criticism, including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts. As of February 2018, the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide, making them the best - selling book series in history, and have been translated into eighty languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest - selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty - four hours of its release.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second best-selling female artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. According to Billboard, Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, earning US $1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990. She was ranked at number two, behind only The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart. Madonna became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: In 2009, Gaga spent a record 150 weeks on the UK Singles Chart and became the most downloaded female act in a year in the US, with 11.1 million downloads sold, earning an entry in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\". \"The Fame\" and \"The Fame Monster\" together have since sold more than 15 million copies worldwide. This success allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, and release \"The Remix\", her final record with Cherrytree Records and among the best-selling remix albums of all time. The Monster Ball Tour ran from November 2009 to May 2011 and grossed $227.4 million, making it the highest-grossing concert tour for a debut headlining artist. Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for an HBO television special, \"\". Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 Royal Variety Performance, the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the 2010 BRIT Awards. Before Michael Jackson's death, Gaga was set to take part in his canceled This Is It concert series at the O Arena in the UK.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ``White Christmas ''is a 1942 Irving Berlin song reminiscing about an old - fashioned Christmas setting. The version sung by Bing Crosby is the world's best - selling single with estimated sales in excess of 100 million copies worldwide. Other versions of the song, along with Crosby's, have sold over 50 million copies.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Megadeth has sold over 38 million records worldwide, earned platinum certification in the United States for five of its fifteen studio albums, and received twelve Grammy nominations. Megadeth won its first Grammy Award in 2017 for the song \"Dystopia\" in the Best Metal Performance category. The band's mascot, Vic Rattlehead, regularly appears on album artwork and live shows. The group has drawn controversy for its music and lyrics, including album bans and canceled concerts; MTV refused to play two of the band's music videos that the network considered to condone suicide.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Michael Jackson's Thriller, estimated to have sold 66 million copies worldwide, is the best - selling album. Although sales estimates for Thriller have been as high as 120 million copies, these sales figures are unreliable. Jackson also currently has the highest number of albums on the list with five, while The Beatles and Madonna each have three.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Michael Jackson's Thriller, estimated to have sold 65 million copies worldwide, is the best - selling album. Although sales estimates for Thriller have been as high as 120 million copies, these sales figures are unreliable. Jackson also currently has the highest number of albums on the list with five, while The Beatles and Madonna each have three.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Bat Out of Hell is the debut studio album by American rock singer Meat Loaf, as well as his first collaboration with composer Jim Steinman and producer Todd Rundgren. The album was released in September 1977 on Cleveland International / Epic Records. It is one of the best - selling albums of all time, having sold over 43 million copies worldwide. Rolling Stone Magazine ranked it at number 343 on its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in 2003.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature. The series has also had its share of criticism, including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts. As of May 2013, the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide, making them the best - selling book series in history, and have been translated into seventy - three languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest - selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty - four hours of its release." ]	38 million	[ "Passage 5" ]
What is the passport issuing authority in the country with the same time zone as India?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The emblem forms a part of the official letterhead of the Government of India and appears on all Indian currency as well. It also functions as the national emblem of India in many places and appears prominently on Indian passports. The Ashoka Chakra (wheel) on its base features in the centre of the national flag of India.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: An Indian passport is a passport issued by order of the President of India to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of Indian citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967). The Passport Seva (Passport Service) unit of the Consular, Passport & Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of External Affairs, functions as the central passport organisation, and is responsible for issuing Indian passports on demand to all eligible Indian citizens. Indian passports are issued at 93 passport offices located across India and at 162 Indian diplomatic missions abroad.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: A biometric passport (also known as an e-passport, ePassport or a digital passport) is a traditional passport that has an embedded electronic microprocessor chip which contains biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of passport holder. It uses contactless smart card technology, including a microprocessor chip (computer chip) and antenna (for both power to the chip and communication) embedded in the front or back cover, or center page, of the passport. The passport's critical information is both printed on the data page of the passport and stored in the chip. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is used to authenticate the data stored electronically in the passport chip making it expensive and difficult to forge when all security mechanisms are fully and correctly implemented. Many countries are moving towards the issue of biometric passports. As of December 2008, 60 countries were issuing such passports, and this number was 96 as of 5 April 2017.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission took over time - zone management from railroads in 1938. For example, the easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went Eastern. In 2000, Wayne County, on the Tennessee border, switched from Central to Eastern. In March 2018, the Florida Legislature passed a bill requesting authorization from Congress for year - round daylight savings time, which would effectively put Florida on Atlantic Standard Time year - round.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Sri Lankan passports are issued to citizens of Sri Lanka for the purpose of international travel. The Department of Immigration and Emigration is responsible for issuing Sri Lankan passports.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: V. R. Naren Kumar is a seven-time INRC Rally Champion and Two time runner-up and Asia Zone Champion from Coimbatore, India.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The contemporary period of required passports for Americans under United States law began on November 29, 1941. A 1978 amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 made it unlawful to enter or depart the United States without an issued passport even in peacetime.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index." ]	Department of Immigration and Emigration	[ "Passage 5" ]
Who produced the film about Crocodile Dundee in the Jigsaw film's director's birth city?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: \"Blue Jeans\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey for her studio album \"Born to Die\" (2012). It was released on April 8, 2012, by Interscope Records as the third single from the record. Produced by Emile Haynie, the song was written by Del Rey, Haynie, and Dan Heath. It is a downtempo ballad with hip hop influences. Charting across Europe and Asia, \"Blue Jeans\" reached the top 10 in Belgium, Poland, and Israel. Three music videos were created for the song. The first was self-produced and the second shows Del Rey stands at a microphone in a bland room, accompanied by an electric guitarist. The third, which is the official one, was shot and directed by Yoann Lemoine, featuring film noir elements and crocodiles. A controversial performance of the song on \"Saturday Night Live\" placed Del Rey under scrutiny and polarized opinion.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Window Water Baby Moving is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, filmed in November 1958 and released in 1959. The film documents the birth of the director's first child, Myrrena, by his then-wife Jane Brakhage, now Jane Wodening.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Jigsaw Islands are two small islands lying off the southwest end of Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. One of the islands was used as a main triangulation station by the British Naval Hydrographic Survey Unit in 1956–57, and by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition in March 1957. The islands were so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee because of the difficulty with which the station was recovered, the surveyors piecing together the available information bit by bit to narrow down the exact spot on the island where the station had been established.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Trematosaurinae is a subfamily of temnospondyl amphibians within the family Trematosauridae. Like all trematosaurids, they were marine piscivores, resembling crocodiles in their general build. Unlike the long, almost gharial-like snouts of the Lonchorhynchinae, the Trematosaurinae had more \"normal\" crocodile-like skulls.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Laverne ``Chip ''Fields, who is sometimes credited as Chip Hurd or Chip Fields -- Hurd, (born August 5, 1951) is an American singer, actress, television director, producer, consultant, and dialogue coach, who has appeared in popular films, television shows, and Broadway theatre. She is best known for portraying Lynetta Gordon, the abusive birth mother of Penny Gordon Woods (played by Janet Jackson) in a three -- part episode (1977) of the 1970s sitcom Good Times.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Ellis-Bextor was born in London to Janet Ellis, who was later a presenter on BBC's children's television programmes \"Blue Peter\" and \"Jigsaw\", and Robin Bextor, a film producer and director: they separated when she was four. As a child, Ellis-Bextor occasionally appeared on \"Blue Peter\" alongside her mother, who presented the programme.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The 1946–47 Scottish Second Division was won by Dundee who, along with second placed Airdrieonians, were promoted to the First Division. Cowdenbeath finished bottom. It was the first season after World War II.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Theodore Mann, birth name Goldman, (May 13, 1924 – February 24, 2012) was an American theatre producer and director and the Artistic Director of the Circle in the Square Theatre School.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"The Crocodile\" (, \"Krokodil\") is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky that was first published in 1865 in his magazine \"Epoch.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Hard Luck Duck is a \"What a Cartoon!\" animated cartoon directed by William Hanna, produced by Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, and broadcast as a part of \"World Premiere Toons\" on Cartoon Network on April 16, 1995. The cartoon involves Hard Luck Duck (Russi Taylor), after venturing away from Crocodile Harley (Brad Garrett)'s watch, is a hungry fox (Jim Cummings)'s target to be cooked." ]	Paul Hogan	[]
What's the population of the city where U Thaung died?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Cleveland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,990 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Punta Gorda Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Sarasota Springs is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The population was 14,395 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Alva is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Florida, United States situated on the Caloosahatchee River. The population was 2,182 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: West Bradenton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 4,444 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Fort Lauderdale (/ ˌfɔːrt ˈlɔːdərdeɪl /; frequently abbreviated as Ft. Lauderdale) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 28 miles (45 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 165,521 in 2010.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Shady Hills is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. The population was 7,798 at the 2000 census. It is in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to an active pigeon racing group.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Harlem Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,065 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: U Thaung (born as \"Aung Bala\", 4 October 1926, Nyaung Oo, Burma; died 3 April 2008, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA) was a Burmese author and journalist. In 1957, he founded the newspaper \"Kyemon\", which quickly became the most popular in Burma. In 2000, he was named one of the International Press Institute's 50 World Press Freedom Heroes of the past half-century.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: West Ken-Lark was a census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,412 at the 2000 census. It now serves as a neighborhood of Lauderhill.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: South Brooksville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hernando County, Florida, United States. The population was 4,007 at the 2010 census. It is a suburb included in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area." ]	165,521	[ "Passage 8", "Passage 5" ]
How is the human rights record of the country Yevgeniya Yermakova was from, compared to the rest of the world?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: ``Must Be Doin 'Somethin' Right ''is a song written by Marty Dodson and Patrick Jason Matthews, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in May 2005 as the first single from Currington's album Doin 'Somethin' Right. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Floribert Chebeya Bahizire (13 September 1963 – 2 June 2010) was a leading Congolese human rights activist in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, hailed by the United Nations as \"a champion of human rights\". His death led to calls for an investigation from more than 50 organisations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, many countries and several senior UN officials, including Ban Ki-moon, Navi Pillay, Alan Doss and Philip Alston.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event, explaining that she wished to express concern about China's human rights record. Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was \"a very good example of peacefully making a point\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Yevgeniya Yermakova (born April 9, 1976 in Almaty, Kazakhstan) is a retired female freestyle swimmer from Kazakhstan. She competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992 (Barcelona, Spain) for the Unified Team.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. However, the Eritrean government has continually dismissed the accusations as politically motivated. In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional nor federal legislative bill of rights to protect its citizens, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states. In 1973, Federal Attorney - General Lionel Murphy introduced a human rights Bill into parliament, although it was never passed. In 1984, Senator Stephen Bunce drafted a Bill of Rights, but it was never introduced into parliament, and in 1985, Senator Lionel Bowen introduced a bill of rights, which was passed by the House of Representatives, but failed to pass the Senate. Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has argued against a bill of rights for Australia on the grounds it would transfer power from elected politicians (populist politics) to unelected (constitutional) judges and bureaucrats. Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are the only states and territories to have a human rights Act. However, the principle of legality present in the Australian judicial system, seeks to ensure that legislation is interpreted so as not to interfere with basic human rights, unless legislation expressly intends to interfere.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Universal Declaration of Human Rights Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish language version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Created 1948 Ratified 10 December 1948 Location Palais de Chaillot, Paris Author (s) Draft Committee Purpose Human rights\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Giuseppe Motta Medal is presented annually since 2004 by the Geneva Institute for Democracy and Development to the people from any country or region of the world for exceptional achievement in the promotion of peace and democracy, human rights and sustainable development. The prize commemorates Giuseppe Motta (1871–1940), a Swiss politician, five-time President of the Swiss Confederation, President of the League of Nations Assembly and member of the Swiss Federal Council." ]	one of the poorest	[ "Passage 6" ]
The birth city of the author of Diamonds are Forever held the 2008 Olympics. Where did the torch relay start there?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Coco-Viloin represented France at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed at the 4x100 metres relay together with Martial Mbandjock, Manuel Reynaert and Yannick Lesourd. In their qualification heat they placed sixth in a time of 39.53 seconds and they were eliminated.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she was part of the Italian 4 × 100 m freestyle relay team. She competed in the women's 50m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing with a time of 25.69 seconds in 32nd place in the heats, as well as being part of the 4 × 100 m freestyle team.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance." ]	Wembley Stadium	[]
Who is the current prime minister of the country Brigitte Foster-Hylton is from?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil (عبد الله محمد كامل) (born 1936, in Obock) is a Djiboutian politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country from 5 February 1978 to 2 October 1978.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Good Governance Day (Hindi: सुशासन दिवस,; IAST: Suśāsan Divas) is observed in India annually on the twenty - fifth day of December, the birth anniversary of former - Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Good Governance Day was established in 2014 to honor Prime Minister Vajpayee by fostering awareness among the Indian people of accountability in government.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Maja Gojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Маја Гојковић; born 22 May 1963 in Novi Sad) is a Serbian politician and current President of the National Assembly of Serbia. She served as minister without portfolio and Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia under the Slobodan Milošević regime.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister (informally abbreviated to PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The office is one of the Great Offices of State. The current holder of the office, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is the location of Houghton Hall, a large country house built by Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998." ]	Andrew Holness	[]
When did the performer who released Streetlife Serenade, play at Shea Stadium?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: \"Longfellow Serenade\" is the title of a 1974 song by the American singer-songwriter Neil Diamond. It was written by Diamond, produced by Tom Catalano, and included on Diamond's album \"Serenade\".\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The song was performed by the character Tom in the 1946 Tom and Jerry cartoon short Solid Serenade (actual performance by Ira ``Buck ''Woods).\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Serenate per 16 bionde (\"Serenades for 16 blondes\") is a 1957 Italian musical comedy film written and directed by Marino Girolami and starring Claudio Villa.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Mark Feldstein (May 3, 1937 – October 2001), was an American artist and photographer best known for his large format photography of the streetlife and architecture of New York City.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Bedok Stadium is a football stadium located in Bedok, Singapore. The stadium is now home to the football club Geylang International FC which is playing in the S.League. The stadium is open daily from 4:30am till 8:30pm to the public, unless it is exclusively booked. The stadium is managed by the Singapore Sports Council.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Stephen Shea (born December 21, 1961 in Los Angeles, California) is a former child actor most noted for voicing the character of Linus van Pelt (inheriting the role from his older brother, Christopher) in seven animated \"Peanuts\" television specials (\"Play It Again, Charlie Brown\", \"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\", \"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown\", \"A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving\", \"It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown\", \"It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown\", and \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\"), and in the feature-length animated film \"Snoopy Come Home\". Stephen is also the brother of actor Eric Shea.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The song has been played at Fenway Park, home of Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox, since at least 1997, and in the middle of the eighth inning at every game since 2002. On opening night of the 2010 season at Fenway Park, the song was performed by Diamond himself. ``Sweet Caroline ''was played at Penn State Nittany Lions football games at Beaver Stadium until August 2012, halting after the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. Performances at Beaver Stadium resumed in September 2013, however. The song is played at the start of the fourth quarter of Pittsburgh Panthers Football games at Heinz Field. In response, West Virginia University students in turn will yell`` eat shit, Pitt'' during the refrain if heard played. It is also an unofficial song of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, being played at athletic events and pep rallies.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: \"The Entertainer\" is a single by singer Billy Joel released as the only single from his 1974 album \"Streetlife Serenade\". The song peaked at #34 on the US charts, a Top 40 hit for Joel that year. The song is a cynical and somewhat satirical look at the fleeting fame of a musician and fickle public tastes (\"Today I am your champion / I may have won your hearts / But I know the game / You'll forget my name / And I won't be here / in another year / if I don't stay on the charts\"); this theme would be examined in the later song \"It's Still Rock and Roll to Me\".\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Serenades of Love was Bobby Vinton's twenty-eighth studio album and his fourth for ABC Records. It was released in 1976. Two singles came from the album: \"Save Your Kisses for Me\" and \"Moonlight Serenade\".\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Fikret Karabudak Stadium, is a football stadium located in the city/town of Kırıkkale in Turkey, Europe. Fikret Karabudak Stadium has a maximum stadium capacity of 5402 spectators. MKE Kırıkkalespor are the main occupants of the stadium. MKE Kırıkkalespor plays their domestic home football fixtures at Fikret Karabudak Stadium." ]	July 16 and 18 of 2008	[ "Passage 8" ]
What region is the city encompassing WZND-LP located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Yeletsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eighteen in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Yelets (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 29,627 (2002 Census);\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Starokostiantyniv Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a \"district\") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Starokostiantyniv. Its population was 37,459 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 30,448 as of 2012.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Bush Lake is located in the southwest corner of the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota, near its border with Eden Prairie in Hennepin County. It has an area of and a maximum depth of . The lake contains many fish, but primarily Bluegill, Northern Pike, Pumpkinseed Sunfish, Yellow Bullhead, Yellow Perch.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Khmelnytskyi Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a \"district\") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Khmelnytskyi. Even though the city of Khmelnytskyi is separate from the raion's government, it still serves as its administrative center in addition to its role as that of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast's administrative center. Its population was 53,686 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 52,906 .\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Cangxi County () is a county of northeastern Sichuan Province, China, located along the upper reaches of the Jialing River. It is under the administration of Guangyuan City.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: LP 816-60 is a red dwarf star of spectral type M4, located in constellation Capricornus at 18.6 light-years from Earth.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District." ]	Hennepin County	[ "Passage 3" ]
Who produced the Crocodile Dundee film, set in and titled after the city with the headquarters of the employer of John Kennedy?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: ``When the Lights Go Out ''is the second single released from British group Five's debut studio album (music), Five. It was released in early 1998. The song was co-written by Eliot Kennedy, Tim Lever and Mike Percy (from the band Dead or Alive), and John McLaughlin. It was co-produced by Eliot Kennedy, Tim Lever and Mike Percy.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Jack Bernstein, (November 5, 1899 – December 26, 1945) was an American boxer given the birthname John Dodick. He became World Junior lightweight Champion, on May 30, 1923 against Johnny Dundee at the Coney Island Velodrome in Brooklyn. When he lost the title to Dundee on December 17, 1923 in a fifteen round split decision at Madison Square Garden, many newspapers felt Bernstein clearly had the edge in the bout and should have retained the title.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: William Kennedy Smith is the younger son of Stephen Edward Smith and Jean Kennedy Smith. His mother is the youngest daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He is a nephew of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and Senator Ted Kennedy. Smith has an elder brother, Stephen Edward Smith Jr., and two adoptive sisters, Kym and Amanda Smith.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Dundee and the Culhane is an American Western drama series starring John Mills and Sean Garrison that aired on CBS from September 6 to December 13, 1967.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise Services are located at the Renaissance Center. PricewaterhouseCoopers Plaza offices are adjacent to Ford Field, and Ernst & Young completed its office building at One Kennedy Square in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices. In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside Washington, D.C.'s metropolitan area.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The company is headquartered in Nizhny Novgorod. Their main production facility, with the adjacent airfield (known in the west as Sormovo Airfield) is located on the western outskirts of the city, in Moskovsky City District. For a long time it was considered that district's most important industrial enterprise and main employer. The \"Sormovo\" appellation attached to the plant's air field may be because formerly (1956–1970) today's Moskovsky District was part of the Sormovo District.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego. Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include Nokia, LG Electronics, Kyocera International., Cricket Communications and Novatel Wireless. The largest software company in San Diego is security software company Websense Inc. San Diego also has the U.S. headquarters for the Slovakian security company ESET. San Diego has been designated as an iHub Innovation Center for collaboration potentially between wireless and life sciences.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Kennedy Dream is an album by American composer/arranger Oliver Nelson recorded in tribute to John F. Kennedy in 1967 for the Impulse! label.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (August 7, 1963 – August 9, 1963) was the infant child of United States President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. He was the younger brother of Caroline and John Jr.; another daughter was stillborn. Born prematurely, Kennedy lived just over 39 hours before desperate attempts to save him failed, putting the First Family and nation into mourning. Three months later, his death was eclipsed by his father's assassination, but the Kennedy infant's death brought hyaline membrane disease (HMD) into the public consciousness and inspired further research.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles (also known as Crocodile Dundee III) is a 2001 Australian-American action comedy film, directed by Simon Wincer and starring Paul Hogan. It is the sequel to \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988) and the third film of the \"Crocodile Dundee\" series. Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively. The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Queensland. Actor Paul Hogan reported that the inspiration for the storyline came during a tour of Litomyšl, Czech Republic in 1993." ]	Paul Hogan	[ "Passage 10" ]
What century is the creator of The Merciful Knight noted for creating mosaics?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century. The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule. Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of Western European and Islamic artistic tendencies. Best examples of Sicilian mosaic art are the Cappella Palatina of Roger II, the Martorana church in Palermo and the cathedrals of Cefalù and Monreale.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The mosaics of the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina in Sicily are the largest collection of late Roman mosaics in situ in the world, and are protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The large villa rustica, which was probably owned by Emperor Maximian, was built largely in the early 4th century. The mosaics were covered and protected for 700 years by a landslide that occurred in the 12th Century. The most important pieces are the Circus Scene, the 64m long Great Hunting Scene, the Little Hunt, the Labours of Hercules and the famous Bikini Girls, showing women undertaking a range of sporting activities in garments that resemble 20th Century bikinis. The peristyle, the imperial apartments and the thermae were also decorated with ornamental and mythological mosaics. Other important examples of Roman mosaic art in Sicily were unearthed on the Piazza Vittoria in Palermo where two houses were discovered. The most important scenes there depicted Orpheus, Alexander the Great's Hunt and the Four Seasons.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: In parts of Italy, which were under eastern artistic influences, like Sicily and Venice, mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages. The whole interior of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate, golden mosaics. The oldest scenes were executed by Greek masters in the late 11th century but the majority of the mosaics are works of local artists from the 12th–13th centuries. The decoration of the church was finished only in the 16th century. One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis, a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople (1204). The mosaics were executed in the 1220s.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Portuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ranging from iconography to classicism and even modern design. In Portuguese-speaking countries, many cities have a large amount of their sidewalks and even, though far more occasionally, streets done in this mosaic form. Lisbon in particular maintains almost all walkways in this style.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century. Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times. Nine mosaic panels in the Hagios Demetrios Church, which were made between 634 and 730, also escaped destruction. Unusually almost all represent Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, often with suppliants before him.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: With the building of Christian basilicas in the late 4th century, wall and ceiling mosaics were adopted for Christian uses. The earliest examples of Christian basilicas have not survived, but the mosaics of Santa Constanza and Santa Pudenziana, both from the 4th century, still exist. The winemaking putti in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza still follow the classical tradition in that they represent the feast of Bacchus, which symbolizes transformation or change, and are thus appropriate for a mausoleum, the original function of this building. In another great Constantinian basilica, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem the original mosaic floor with typical Roman geometric motifs is partially preserved. The so-called Tomb of the Julii, near the crypt beneath St Peter's Basilica, is a 4th-century vaulted tomb with wall and ceiling mosaics that are given Christian interpretations. The Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki, converted into a Christian church during the course of the 4th century, was embellished with very high artistic quality mosaics. Only fragments survive of the original decoration, especially a band depicting saints with hands raised in prayer, in front of complex architectural fantasies.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century, and in the Basilical of Santi Maria e Donato in Murano with a restored apse mosaic from the 12th century and a beautiful mosaic pavement (1140). The apse of the San Cipriano Church in Murano was decorated with an impressive golden mosaic from the early 13th century showing Christ enthroned with Mary, St John and the two patron saints, Cipriano and Cipriana. When the church was demolished in the 19th century, the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia. It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a \"masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii.\"\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo. The mosaic depicting Emperor Saint Justinian I and Empress Theodora in the Basilica of San Vitale were executed shortly after the Byzantine conquest. The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549. The anti-Arian theme is obvious in the apse mosaic of San Michele in Affricisco, executed in 545–547 (largely destroyed; the remains in Berlin)." ]	19th	[]
Who occupies Macpherson Stadium in the state that borders the east of the state where Hello Love's performer lived in when he died?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Originally estimated to cost $650 million, the stadium's current construction cost was $1.15 billion, making it one of the most expensive sports venues ever built. To aid Cowboys owner and general manager Jerry Jones in paying the construction costs of the new stadium, Arlington voters approved the increase of the city's sales tax by 0.5%, the hotel occupancy tax by 2%, and car rental tax by 5%. The City of Arlington provided over $325 million (including interest) in bonds as funding, and Jones covered any cost overruns. Also, the NFL provided the Cowboys with an additional $150 million loan, following its policy for facilitating financing for the construction of new stadiums.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert is a CD and DVD music compilation of songs performed by American singer / songwriter Billy Joel during two concerts at Shea Stadium in New York City on July 16 and 18 of 2008. It was released on March 8, 2011. The film was produced by Jon Small, Joel's former bandmate in the 1960s groups The Hassles and Attila.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Tasman Sea to the east. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. In March 2017, the population of New South Wales was over 7.8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two - thirds of the state's population, five million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: \"Your Love Is a Song\" was written and recorded by the alternative rock band Switchfoot. It was first released as a single to the iTunes Store in Australia, and became the third radio single from the band's seventh studio album, \"Hello Hurricane\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Cornell wrote ``Say Hello 2 Heaven ''as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: \"Hello Love\" is a 1974 single by Hank Snow. \"Hello Love\" was Snow's seventh and final number one on the U.S. country singles chart, and his first number one in twelve years. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of ten weeks on the chart.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and \"Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger\" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, \"Marriage Vow\" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, \"I'm Moving On\" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. \"I'm Moving On\" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the intersection of Interstate 10 and the East Loop of Interstate 610. Jacinto City is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is bordered by the cities of Houston and Galena Park. The population was 10,553 at the 2010 census.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: ``Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo ''(Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगो;`` O 'people of my country'') is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino - Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: ``Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo ''(Hindi: ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगों;`` O 'people of my country'') is a Hindi patriotic song written by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who died during the Sino - Indian War in 1962. The song was first performed live by Mangeshkar on 27 January 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war." ]	Greensboro College	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 7" ]
In what year did the first settlers move to the state that contains the school where David Maister received his education?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The MIT Blackjack Team was a group of students and ex-students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, and other leading colleges who used card counting techniques and more sophisticated strategies to beat casinos at blackjack worldwide. The team and its successors operated successfully from 1979 through the beginning of the 21st century. Many other blackjack teams have been formed around the world with the goal of beating the casinos.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and \"prove-up\" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The first homestead claim under the act in Montana was made by David Carpenter near Helena in 1868. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Miss Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana Pioneer, Morgan Evans. By 1880, there were farms in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few on the eastern plains.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Massachusetts was first colonized by principally English Europeans in the early 17th century, and became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the 18th century. Prior to English colonization of the area, it was inhabited by a variety of mainly Algonquian language indigenous tribes. The first permanent English settlement in New England came in 1620 with the founding of Plymouth Colony by the Pilgrims who sailed on the Mayflower. It set precedents but never grew large. A large - scale Puritan migration began in 1630 with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and spawned the settlement of other New England colonies. Friction with the natives erupted in the high - casualty King Philip's War in the 1670s. Puritanism was the established religion and was strictly enforced; dissenters were exiled. The Colony clashed with Anglican opponents in England over its religious intolerance and the status of its charter. Most people were farmers. Businessmen established wide - ranging trade links, sending ships to the West Indies and Europe, and sometimes shipping goods in violation of the Navigation Acts. These political and trade issues led to the revocation of the Massachusetts charter in 1684.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Education District is a district in Downtown Bakersfield, California. Its predominant businesses are satellite campuses for both public and private colleges and universities. Unlike several other districts in downtown, the Education District did not come about because of formal planning but because like businesses decided to locate themselves together.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport is located at Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, Canada. Pilots will need to bring their own pump if they require 100LL fuel.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: In March 2012 the Grand National Assembly passed new legislation on primary and secondary education usually termed as ``4 + 4 + 4 ''(4 years primary education, first level, 4 years primary education, second level and 4 years secondary education). Children will begin their primary education in the first month of September following their sixth birthdays and will come to a close during the school year in which students turn 14 years old.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007." ]	1620	[ "Passage 3", "Passage 1" ]
Who founded the college Nicholas Richardson attended?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Western Galilee College (Hebrew: המכללה האקדמית גליל מערבי) is a college in northern Israel within the jurisdiction of the city of Akko. It was founded in 1994 on the basis of its predecessor, the Western Galilee Regional College, which was founded in 1972.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Wesley College was a college that existed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from 1888 to 1938. In 1924, Wesley College became part of the United Church of Canada. It was one of the University of Winnipeg's founding colleges.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Nicholas Richardson was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford (Honour Moderations in \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, Final Honour School of \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, BPhil, DPhil). From 1960 until 1961 he was a student of ancient historian G.E.M. de Ste Croix, and contributed to his festschrift entitled \"Crux\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: There was a fire in the city in 1141 during the Rout of Winchester. William of Wykeham played a role in the city's restoration. As Bishop of Winchester he was responsible for much of the current structure of the cathedral, and he founded the still extant public school Winchester College. During the Middle Ages, the city was an important centre of the wool trade, before going into a slow decline. The curfew bell in the bell tower (near the clock in the picture), still sounds at 8:00 pm each evening.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Clifton Russell Richardson (born May 30, 1944), known as Clif Richardson, is a retired businessman from Greenwell Springs, Louisiana, and a Republican former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from District 65 in East Baton Rouge Parish. Prior to his legislative service, Richardson was a justice of the peace from 1991 to 2007.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: He was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1480 to 1507; previously he had been a Fellow of New College, Oxford, and was brought in by William Waynflete. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1484–5, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1502.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Lee Bass was born in 1956. His father was Perry Richardson Bass, an investor and philanthropist, and his mother, Nancy Lee Bass, was a philanthropist. His great-uncle was oil baron Sid Richardson.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Helen Cunningham (also Richardson) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Kathryn George. George first appeared in the role in 1997 before the character was written out in 2004 when she was killed in a car accident caused by Milo Entwistle. While on the serial Helen was central to several storylines including a relationship with Gordon Cunningham, dealing with the suicide of her son Lewis Richardson and her daughter Mandy Richardson's abuse at the hands of her husband Dennis Richardson.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The series centers on the Taylor family, which consists of Tim (Tim Allen), his wife Jill (Patricia Richardson) and their three children: the oldest child, Brad (Zachery Ty Bryan), the middle child, Randy (Jonathan Taylor Thomas) and youngest child, Mark (Taran Noah Smith). The Taylors live in suburban Detroit, and have a neighbor named Wilson (Earl Hindman) who is often the go - to guy for solving the Taylors' problems.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city." ]	William Waynflete	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 3" ]
What is the population of the city where Gul Mohammed died?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: After Morsi was ousted by the military, the judiciary system aligned itself with the new government, actively suopporting the repression of Muslim Brotherhood members. This resulted in a sharp increase in mass death sentences that arose criticism from the US president Barack Obama and the General Secretary of the UN, Ban Ki Moon. In April 2013, one judge of the Minya governatorate of Upper Egypt, sentenced 1,212 people to death. In December 2014 the judge Mohammed Nagi Shahata, notorious for his fierceness in passing on death sentences, condemened to the capital penalty 188 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, for assaulting a police station. Various Egyptian and international human rights organisations have already pointed out the lack of fair trials, that often last only a few minutes and do not take into consideration the procedural standards of fair trials.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Khoey Ho Tum Kahan (Urdu: کهوے هو توم کهاں ) is a 2001 Pakistani Urdu film directed by Ajab Gul. The film starred Babar Ali, Ajab Gul and Meera in the lead roles. Is is super hit movie in 2001 5 awards winner movie.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3 Genre Romance Mystery Drama Created by Gul Khan Creative director (s) Gorky M Starring Barun Sobti Shivani Tomar Opening theme ``Rabba Ve ''by Amit Mishra Country of origin India Original language (s) Hindi No. of episodes 60 as of 25 September 2017 Production Producer (s) Gul Khan Camera setup Multi-camera Running time 20 minutes Production company (s) 4 Lions Films Release Original network Star Plus Picture format 720i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) Original release 3 July 2017 (2017 - 07 - 03) -- 6 October\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Gul Mohammed of New Delhi, India once held the Guinness world record as shortest adult human being whose existence and height have been independently verified.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Al-Ghoul lived in hiding and never spoke to the media. Pictures of the 46-year-old father of four were released by Hamas only after his death. On 26 September 2003, he reportedly attended a meeting with Mohammed Deif, Ismail Haniya, one of Hamas' political leaders, and the organisation's spiritual leader, Sheik Ahmed Yasin, when Israeli forces bombed the house where they gathered. Al-Ghoul's eldest son Bilal was killed in a 2001 air strike in Gaza, and his second son Mohammed was killed the following year along with a cousin during a botched raid in the family home in Maghazi, south of Gaza City.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Abdul Majeed Mohammed Naushad also known as Mohamed Naushad Majeed (born 1958) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Parikshit Sahni (born 1 January 1944) is an Indian film and television actor, who is most known for playing the lead in TV series Barrister Vinod, \"Gul Gulshan Gulfaam\" (Doordarshan) and \"Gaatha\" (STAR Plus). He has also appeared in three of Rajkumar Hirani's blockbuster films \"Lage Raho Munna Bhai\", \"3 Idiots\", and \"PK\".\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Mohammed Chhel (, ) originally a fakir (mystic) was a renowned magician of Saurashtra, Gujarat. Mohammed Chhel was born in 1850 in Ningala, a small village and a railway junction in Gadhada Taluka of Bhavnagar district in Saurashtra, Gujarat (India). Basically he was a Pir of a known Dargah and was involved in benevolent works the entirety of his life. Said to have been blessed with supernatural powers, Mohammed Chhel eventually turned magician but his character and nobility were those of a mystic. The message of life he wished to convey to people was that of himself serving society and helping the needy with his magnetic aura and miraculous acts, flavored by his sense of humor." ]	249,998	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 4" ]
What is the hockey club at the birthplace of Howard Wood called?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Västerås IK (\"Västerås IK Hockey Klubb\") is an ice hockey club from Västerås, Sweden. The team is currently playing in the second-tier league in Sweden, Hockeyallsvenskan. Västerås IK played 12 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien (1988–89 to 1999–00) before the club went bankrupt and merged with the junior club (Västerås IK Ungdom), which changed name to VIK Västerås HK in 2005. In 2018, after playing a year in tier three, Hockeyettan, the club changed it name back to the old name Västerås IK.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The club's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien. The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens (or Le Canadien), Le Bleu - Blanc - Rouge, La Sainte - Flanelle, Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux (or Nos Glorieux), Le CH, Le Grand Club and Les Habitants (from which ``Habs ''is derived).\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: A game called hockey was played in English public schools in the early 19th century. Lord Lytton wrote in 1853 that On the common some young men were playing at hockey. That old - fashioned game, now very uncommon in England, except at schools... Hockey's popularity increased with that of other team games. A version of the game played in south - east London was rougher than the modern version, played on a very large field (247m by 64m), and used a cube of black rubber and rough planed sticks. The modern game was developed on the other side of London by Middlesex cricket clubs, especially Teddington Hockey Club. The members of these clubs were looking for winter exercise, but did not particularly care for football. In 1870, members of the Teddington cricket club, who had recently moved to play in Bushy Park, were looking for a winter activity. They experimented with a 'stick' game, based loosely on the rules of association football. Teddington played the game on the smooth outfield of their cricket pitch and used a cricket ball, so allowing smooth and predictable motion. By 1874 they had begun to draw up rules for their game, including banning the raising of the stick above shoulder height and stipulating that a shot at goal must take place within the circle in front of it. An association was formed in 1875, which dissolved after seven years, but in 1886 the Hockey Association was formed by seven London clubs and representatives from Trinity College, Cambridge. Blackheath were one of the founder members, but refused to accept the rules drawn up by the other clubs and left to found the National Hockey Union. The Union failed, but the Association grew rapidly.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Howard Wood Hayes (October 30, 1877 – August 30, 1937) was an American track and field athlete who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He also competed in intercollegiate track for the University of Michigan.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The 2001–02 Japan Ice Hockey League season was the 36th season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and Kokudo Ice Hockey Club won the championship.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: 2018 Commonwealth Games -- Men's hockey Tournament details Host country Australia City Gold Coast Dates 5 -- 14 April 2018 Teams 10 Venue (s) Gold Coast Hockey Centre Top three teams Champions Australia (6th title) Runner - up New Zealand Third place England Tournament statistics Matches played 27 Goals scored 117 (4.33 per match) Top scorer (s) Sam Ward (9 goals) ← 2014 (previous) (next) 2022 →\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Andriy Shevchenko Shevchenko in 2017 Full name Andriy Mykolayovych Shevchenko Date of birth (1976 - 09 - 29) 29 September 1976 (age 41) Place of birth Dvirkivschyna, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Height 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) Playing position Striker Club information Current team Ukraine (manager) Youth career 1986 -- 1993 Dynamo Kyiv Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1994 -- 1999 Dynamo Kyiv 117 (60) 1999 -- 2006 Milan 226 (127) 2006 -- 2009 Chelsea 48 (9) 2008 -- 2009 → Milan (loan) 18 (0) 2009 -- 2012 Dynamo Kyiv 55 (23) Total 446 (219) National team 1994 -- 1995 Ukraine U18 8 (5) 1994 -- 1995 Ukraine U21 7 (6) 1995 -- 2012 Ukraine 111 (48) Teams managed 2016 Ukraine (assistant) 2016 -- Ukraine * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: HC Etro 92 Veliko Tarnovo was an ice hockey team in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. The club was founded in 1992. They played in the Bulgarian Hockey League in the 1998-99 and 2000-01 seasons. The club later returned to play in the Balkan League in the 2008-09 through 2010-11 seasons.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Collingwood Football Club Names Full name Collingwood Football Club Nickname (s) Magpies, Pies, Woods, Woodsmen Motto Floreat Pica 2018 season After finals Runners - up Home - and - away season 3rd Leading goalkicker Jordan De Goey (48) Copeland Trophy Steele Sidebottom & Brodie Grundy Club details Founded 1892 Colours Black white Chairman Eddie McGuire CEO Mark Anderson Coach AFL: Nathan Buckley AFLW: Wayne Siekman VFL: Jared Rivers Captain (s) AFL: Scott Pendlebury AFLW: Steph Chiocci VFL: Jack Hellier VFLW: Jess Edwards Premierships VFL / AFL (15): 1902, 1903, 1910, 1917, 1919, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1935, 1936, 1953, 1958, 1990, 2010 VFA / VFL (1): 1896 Championship of Australia (1): 1896 Ground (s) (capacity: 100,024) Former ground (s) Victoria Park (1892 -- 1999) Training ground (s) Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre (indoor) Olympic Park (outdoor) Uniforms Home Away Alternate Other information Official website collingwoodfc.com.au Current season\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Växjö Lakers Hockey Club (often referred to as the Växjö Lakers or VLH) is an ice hockey club from Växjö in Sweden. The club plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-level league of Swedish ice hockey, and made its debut there in 2011–12. They play their home games in the Vida Arena. The club won the Swedish national championship in 2015 and 2018." ]	Southampton Hockey Club	[]
In what year was independence achieved from France by the country where K-Liber is from?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier (12 May 1910 – 4 January 2010) was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from 25 November 1975 to 13 August 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Croatia national football team have appeared in the FIFA World Cup on five occasions (in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2014 and 2018) since gaining independence in 1991. Before that, from 1930 to 1990 Croatia was part of Yugoslavia. Their best result thus far was silver position at the 2018 final, where they lost 4 - 2 to France.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Independence Arch in Accra, Ghana, is part of the Independence Square which contains monuments to Ghana's independence struggle, including the Independence Arch, Black Star Gate, and the Liberation Day Monument.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The American University of Paris (AUP) is a private, independent, and accredited liberal arts and sciences university in Paris, France. Founded in 1962, the university is one of the oldest American institutions of higher education in Europe. The university campus consists of ten buildings, centrally located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, Les Invalides, and the Seine.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In the Dominican War of Independence Dominicans fought against the Haitian occupation. On February 27, 1844 the Dominicans, led by Juan Pablo Duarte along with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella, gained freedom from Haitian rule, thus giving birth to the Dominican Republic, a self - sufficient nation established on the liberal ideals of a democratic government.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The 1959 International Cross Country Championships was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at the National Stadium on March 21, 1959. Morocco entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Modern Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation in 1971 after breaking away and achieving independence from Pakistan in the Bangladesh liberation war. The country's borders coincide with the major portion of the ancient and historic region of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, where civilisation dates back over four millennia, to the Chalcolithic. The history of the region is closely intertwined with the history of Bengal and the history of India.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names \"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the \"Southern provinces\") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Superstar K () is a South Korean television talent show series which is held yearly. First held in 2009, Superstar K has increasingly gained more attention, considered the biggest audition program in South Korea. Superstar K's concept involves that of finding the next \"superstar,\" with the winner each week determined with a combination of the scores given by judges and votes from viewers." ]	1813	[ "Passage 9" ]
Who is the current prime minister of the country featuring Singing Melody?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is the location of Houghton Hall, a large country house built by Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The current prime minister is Theresa May, who took office on 13 July 2016. She is the leader of the Conservative Party, which won a majority of seats in the House of Commons in the general election on 7 May 2015, when David Cameron was the party leader; although at the last general election she failed to secure a majority government. Prior to this, Cameron and the Conservatives led a coalition from 2010 to 2015 with the Liberal Democrats, in which Cameron was prime minister.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Everton Hardweare (born 23 November 1967), better known by his stage name Singing Melody, is a Reggae artist from Kingston, Jamaica. He is known for his abilities as a vocalist, his production work and for combining aspects of Reggae and R&B in his own releases.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: On 13 December 2007, Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare was toppled by a vote of no confidence in Parliament, following the defection of five ministers to the opposition. It was the first time a prime minister had lost office in this way in Solomon Islands. On 20 December, Parliament elected the opposition's candidate (and former Minister for Education) Derek Sikua as Prime Minister, in a vote of 32 to 15.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: In Canada, a premier is the head of government of a province or territory. Though the word is merely a synonym for \"prime minister\", it is employed for provincial prime ministers to differentiate them from the Prime Minister of Canada. There are currently ten provincial premiers and three territorial premiers. These persons are styled \"The Honourable\" only while in office, unless they are admitted to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, in which case they retain the title even after leaving the premiership.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil (عبد الله محمد كامل) (born 1936, in Obock) is a Djiboutian politician. He served as Prime Minister of the country from 5 February 1978 to 2 October 1978." ]	Andrew Holness	[ "Passage 5" ]
Who is the current mayor of the city where Titanic departed from in the movie?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Fernando Callejas Barona (born December 1948) is the current mayor of Ambato, Ecuador. Callejas is a native Ambateño. He studied at the Central University of Ecuador and graduated in 1976 with a degree in Urban Architecture. Before he became mayor, he worked as an architect and in the planning department of the city. He has also served on numerous local commercial boards and associations. He is married to Matilde Ayala, Callejas has two daughters: Ivon Carolina and Maria Fernanda.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Georgia Department of Public Safety (GDPS) is a state body that is responsible for statewide law enforcement and public safety within the U.S. state of Georgia. The current Commissioner of the department is Mark W. McDonough, who is also Colonel of the Georgia State Patrol.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: In 1912 Southampton, 17 - year - old first - class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater, her fiancé Cal Hockley, and her mother Ruth board the luxurious Titanic. Ruth emphasizes that Rose's marriage will resolve their family's financial problems and retain their high - class persona. Distraught over the engagement, Rose considers suicide by jumping from the stern; Jack Dawson, a penniless artist, intervenes and discourages her. Discovered with Jack, Rose tells a concerned Cal that she was peering over the edge and Jack saved her from falling. When Cal becomes indifferent, she suggests to him that Jack deserves a reward. He invites Jack to dine with them in first class the following night. Jack and Rose develop a tentative friendship, despite Cal and Ruth being wary of him. Following dinner, Rose secretly joins Jack at a party in third class.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Michael Jerome Oher (/ ɔː r /; né Williams Jr.; born May 28, 1986) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He played college football for the University of Mississippi, and was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Tennessee Titans and Carolina Panthers.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Virwe is a village in the Bagassi Department of Balé Province in southern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 567. The mayor is Jono Gibbs.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Jean Espariat was a French lawyer and politician. He served as the first Mayor of Aix-en-Provence in 1790, and again as the third Mayor from 1791 to 1792. Additionally, he helped create the department of the Bouches-du-Rhône and served as a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1791 to 1792.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Jean-Jacques Pignard (born April 1947 in Villefranche-sur-Saône, Rhône) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents the Rhône department and is a member of the New Centre. He replaces Michel Mercier, who resigned his Senate seat to join cabinet. He was previously mayor of Villefranche.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Charles Gautier (25 January 1945 – 11 June 2014) was a French politician who was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Loire-Atlantique department. He was a member of the Socialist Party; a former mayor of Saint-Herblain, he died of colon cancer at his home in the town." ]	Linda Norris	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 4" ]
Who founded the company known for manufacturing the LINC-8?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Laerdal is a major manufacturer of medical equipment and medical training products based in Stavanger, Norway. Established in 1940 as a print shop, it soon began manufacturing popular rubber toys under the name Tomte Laerdal - the company's best-known product in the 1960s. An outgrowth of this expertise in plastics was the manufacture of medical training models and devices - the company's mainstay. Laerdal's best-known product today is a training mannequin popularly named 'CPR Annie'.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: William Doud Packard (November 3, 1861 – November 11, 1923) was an American automobile manufacturer who founded the Packard Motor Car Company and Packard Electric Company with his brother James Ward Packard.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Ross Video Ltd is a privately held Canadian company that designs and manufactures equipment for live event and video production. The company's signature product line is production switchers, or vision mixers, which were the basis for the founding of the company. The company's products are used daily in over 100 countries by broadcast television networks, cable TV networks, sports stadiums, live production companies, government agencies and houses of worship. Ross Video's headquarters and manufacturing operations are located in Iroquois, Ontario, Canada, while their R&D labs are in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ANCA Pty Ltd (formerly Australian Numerical Control and Automation Pty Ltd) is an Australia company which designs and manufactures computer numerical controlled grinding machines. The company was founded in 1974 by Pat Boland and Pat McCluskey in Melbourne, Australia.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Sheffield Pharmaceuticals is a manufacturer of over the counter pharmaceutical products to retailers in the United States. It manufactures and sells products both under its own labels and privately for other companies, and is an FDA registered cGMP facility. The company was founded in 1880 as the Sheffield Dentifrice Company by Washington Sheffield, the inventor of modern toothpaste.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Holden, formerly known as General Motors - Holden, is an Australian automobile importer and former automobile manufacturer with its headquarters in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The company was founded in 1856 as a saddlery manufacturer in South Australia. In 1908 it moved into the automotive field, becoming a subsidiary of the United States - based General Motors (GM) in 1931, when the company was renamed General Motors - Holden's Ltd. It was renamed Holden Ltd in 1998, and General Motors - Holden in 2005.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Maybach Motorenbau () is a defunct German car manufacturer that today exists as a sub-brand of Mercedes-Benz. The company was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son, originally as a subsidiary of \"Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH\", and it was known as \"Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH\" until 1999.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Acme Aircraft Co was an aircraft manufacturer founded by Hugh Crawford and Roger Keeney in Torrance, California. After 1953 the company was known as Sierradyne.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) of the United States was founded in 1909 by several flavor firms in response to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Founding members were McCormick & Company, Ulman Driefus & Company, Jones Brothers, Blanke Baer Chemical Company, Frank Tea & Spice Company, Foote & Jenkes, Sherer Gillett Company, and C.F. Sauer Company.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: It is one of the oldest and most traditional manufacturers of chocolate and nougat candy in Italy, founded in 1860 in the town of Novi Ligure, Piedmont. In 2013 it was sold to the Toksoz company of Istanbul." ]	Ken Olsen	[]
How many theater companies are in residence in the city where the owner of the Internet Movie database is headquartered?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Mollie McConnell (September 24, 1865 – December 9, 1920) was an American silent film actress. Before her 1913 movie debut, she was a national and international theater performer. In 1914, she signed a contract with Balboa Amusement Producing Company and played matronly roles in many of their films. She starred with William Garwood in the 1914 western \"A Ticket to Red Horse Gulch\".\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Comcast Corporation, formerly registered as Comcast Holdings,[note 1] is an American multinational mass media company and is the largest broadcasting and largest cable company in the world by revenue. It is the second largest pay-TV company after the AT&T-DirecTV acquisition, largest cable TV company and largest home Internet service provider in the United States, and the nation's third largest home telephone service provider. Comcast services U.S. residential and commercial customers in 40 states and the District of Columbia. The company's headquarters are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Lakewood Theater is an historic theater located in Lakewood, Dallas, Texas (USA). The restored Streamline Moderne theater, built in 1938, shows classic films and hosts many contemporary musical and comedy events.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Dutch Polygoon-Profilti was a cinema newsreel company in the Netherlands from 1919 to 1987. It started with weekly news items in the Dutch movie theaters and lasted until 1987 when it finally surrendered to television news shows.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Black Theater of Ardmore is a historic theater building in Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States. It was built in 1922 during a time of racial segregation, when Ardmore's community of more than 2,000 African American residents had its own business district and its own residential area. The theater provided entertainment for black residents who were excluded from patronizing white theaters. It is also a symbol to the once-thriving black business district of Ardmore. It functioned as a theater until 1944, when it was sold to the Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Listen Lena is a 1927 comedy film directed by Clem Beauchamp. According to the Internet Movie Database, Fatty Arbuckle appears in this film as a \"fat man with strategically covered face\", although the role is uncredited and unconfirmed.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has \"around 100\" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Renaissance Broadcasting, founded in 1982 by Michael Finkelstein, was a company that owned several UHF television stations, it was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 1997. The company was headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: AmazonFresh is a subsidiary of the Amazon.com American e-commerce company in Seattle, Washington. It is a grocery delivery service currently available in some U.S. states, London, Tokyo, Berlin (including Potsdam), Hamburg, and Munich.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Mstar, originally headquartered in Murray, Utah and later relocated to Orem, Utah, was a fiber optic internet service provider in the state of Utah, USA. Mstar provided Internet, telephone (VoIP) and television services (IPTV) via fiber optics. Mstar was a provider of services over municipally owned backbones, namely the Utah Telecommunication Open Infrastructure Agency (UTOPIA) and IProvo." ]	around 100	[ "Passage 9", "Passage 7" ]
What was the date of the battle named after the state where Mike Cerrone was born?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Mike Delfino posed as the friendly neighborhood plumber but was quietly searching for his missing ex-girlfriend (Deirdre Taylor). Her father, Noah, wanted to know what had happened to her before he died. Deirdre's remains were discovered under the Young family pool.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Battle of Lade was fought between the navy of Rhodes and the navy of Macedon. The battle took place in 201 BC and it was part of the Cretan War. The battle was fought off the shore of Asia Minor and the island of Lade, near Miletus. The battle ended in a crushing victory for the Macedonians and it nearly spelled the end for the Rhodians but the result of this battle caused the Romans to intervene and Rhodes was saved.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Battle of Hannut was a Second World War battle fought during the Battle of Belgium which took place between 12 and 14 May 1940 at Hannut in Belgium. It was the largest tank battle in the campaign. It was also the largest clash of tanks in armoured warfare history at the time.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: ``The Battle of New Orleans ''is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the 1815 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959 (see 1959 in music). Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1959, it was very popular with teenagers in the late 50's / early 60's in an era mostly dominated by rock and roll music.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Battle of Cabrita Point, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Marbella, was a naval battle that took place while a combined Spanish-French force besieged Gibraltar on 10 March 1705 (21 March 1705 in the New Calendar) during the War of Spanish Succession.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The Battle of Legnica (), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz () or Battle of Wahlstatt (), was a battle between the Mongol Empire and the combined defending forces of European fighters that took place at Legnickie Pole (\"Wahlstatt\") near the city of Legnica in the Duchy of Silesia on 9 April 1241.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The show's catchy theme song, ``Whatever Happened to You '', was written by Mike Hugg (of Manfred Mann) and La Frenais and performed by Hugg's session band, featuring session singer Tony Rivers supplying the lead vocals. A group named Highly Likely subsequently appeared on Top of the Pops to promote the song, and participated in a short UK tour as a result, but Rivers was not involved in these appearances. The song made the lower reaches of the UK Top 40 in 1973. Mike Hugg also wrote the theme tune to the spin - off 1976 feature film, entitled`` Remember When''.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: During the Ritual, the worst storm in Maine's history sweeps through Derry, destroying most of the buildings as the downtown area collapses. Mike concludes that Derry is finally dying. Richie returns to LA, Ben and Beverly leave town together, and while Mike is in the hospital, Bill stays in Mike's house to look after Audra in hopes she will snap out of her catatonic state. The Losers gradually begin to forget about It, Derry, and each other. Mike's memory of his friends and events with It also begins to fade, as well as his Derry memoir and journal, much to his relief, and he considers starting a new life elsewhere. Before Bill leaves Derry, he takes Audra, still catatonic, for a ride on Silver, rushing through downtown Derry like he did as a kid. Audra awakens from her catatonia with no recollection of what happened upon arriving in Maine and she and Bill kiss.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Time in Place is the third studio album by guitarist Mike Stern, released in 1988 through Atlantic Records and reissued on September 18, 2007 through Wounded Bird Records." ]	August 29, 1778	[]
When did the great plague occur, in the city where the headquarters of the developer of .465 H&H Magnum is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%. The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589, 1603, 1625, and 1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The 8mm Remington Magnum belted rifle cartridge was introduced by Remington Arms Company in 1978 as a new chambering for the model 700 BDL rifle. The 8mm Remington Magnum's parent case is the .375 H&H Magnum. It is a very long and powerful cartridge that cannot be used in standard length actions, such as those that accommodate the .30-06 Springfield.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The record was 44.72 km / h (27.8 mph), seen during the final 100 meters sprint of the World Championships in Berlin on 16 August 2009 by Usain Bolt. (Bolt's average speed over the course of this race was 37.58 km / h or 23.35 mph.) Maximum human sprint speed is strikingly slower than that of many animals. Compared to other land animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance, but incapable of great speed. For example, cheetahs can attain short bursts of speed well over 100 km / h (62 mph), the American quarter horse has topped 88 km / h (55 mph), greyhounds can reach 70 km / h (43 mph), and the Mongolian wild ass has been measured at 64 km / h (40 mph). Even the domestic cat may reach 48 km / h (30 mph).\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Extensive deer stalking, and frequent rifle shooting visits to Bisley ranges, Lloyd established the David Lloyd & Co. riflemakers company (registered company 05202134) at Pipewell Hall in 1936, and in the early 1950s developed the .244 H&H Magnum rifle cartridge, later adopted by Holland & Holland of London.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: H Album: Hand (stylized as H album -H・A・N・D-) is the eighth studio album of the Japanese duo KinKi Kids. After nearly a year without an album-release, the duo released \"H Album: Hand\" on November 16, 2005. It debuted at the top of the Oricon charts, selling 245,681 copies in its first week. The album was certified platinum by the RIAJ for 250,000 copies shipped to stores in Japan.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The H&BR Class A (later LNER Class Q10) was an 0-8-0 heavy freight engine designed by Matthew Stirling and built by the Yorkshire Engine Company of Sheffield. They were the largest of the engines on the Hull and Barnsley Railway. The Class A was developed to deal with the steeply graded eastern section of the H&BR between Springhead and Sandholme. Because of this the special link workings they dealt with were nicknamed the \"Sandholme Bankers\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: For the most highly cited scientists in the period 1983 -- 2002, Hirsch identified the top 10 in the life sciences (in order of decreasing h): Solomon H. Snyder, h = 191; David Baltimore, h = 160; Robert C. Gallo, h = 154; Pierre Chambon, h = 153; Bert Vogelstein, h = 151; Salvador Moncada, h = 143; Charles A. Dinarello, h = 138; Tadamitsu Kishimoto, h = 134; Ronald M. Evans, h = 127; and Axel Ullrich, h = 120. Among 36 new inductees in the National Academy of Sciences in biological and biomedical sciences in 2005, the median h - index was 57. However, he points out that values of h will vary between different fields.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Donald H. Pflueger (1923–1994 from Glendora, California) was a historian, educator and author. His parents, the G. H. Pflueger, were early citrus ranchers, and their river rock family home is still located on the northeast corner of Pflueger Avenue and Foothill Boulevard, in Glendora.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Fastest train in India: 12049 / 50: Agra Cantonment - H. Nizamuddin Gatimaan Express - maximum speed 160 km / h, average speed 112 km / h\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Remington Model 798 is a bolt-action rifle that was sold by Remington Arms from 2006 until 2008. The gun was made as a hunting rifle. It is composed of an imported Zastava Arms barreled action assembled with a laminated stock after import to the United States. It is based on a Mauser 98 action. It is chambered for .243 Winchester, .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield, .270 Winchester, 7mm Remington.Magnum, .300 Winchester.Magnum, .375 H&H Magnum and .458 Winchester.Magnum. It is drilled and tapped for scope mounts. It can have a barrel length of 22, 24 or 26 inches. It weighs 7 pounds, and has a brown laminated stock. The standard variant costs $599, and the Magnum versions can cost anything between $638 and $839. This is an all-steel, controlled-feed action using a flat-bottom receiver with an integral recoil lug, one-piece bolt with dual locking lugs plus a third safety lug and a bolt guide, full-length extractor, solid steel one-piece bottom iron/magazine box/trigger guard, hinged magazine floor plate, and all of the usual Mauser 98 deluxe features." ]	1665	[ "Passage 4", "Passage 1" ]
When they were young many modern pop stars listened to the artist described as an almost scared feminist icon by who?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Scream (Norwegian: Skrik) is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by Norwegian Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910. The German title Munch gave these works is Der Schrei der Natur (The Scream of Nature). The works show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky. Arthur Lubow has described The Scream as ``an icon of modern art, a Mona Lisa for our time. ''\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Sofia Carolina Ahlbom (25 November 1803 – 8 June 1868) was a Swedish drawing artist, engraver, lithographer, photographer, map maker, writer, poet and feminist.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Louder is the debut studio album by American singer Lea Michele. It was released on February 28, 2014 by Columbia Records. The album was preceded by the release of the album's lead single, \"Cannonball\". Michele collaborated with many songwriters and producers on the album, including Stargate and The Monsters and the Strangerz, both of whom have previously worked with recording artists such as Rihanna and Demi Lovato. Musically, the album is set in the genres of pop, power pop and EDM. Lyrically, the album speaks of strength and empowerment, romantic relationships, and loss of love.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ``Too Marvelous for Words ''is a popular song written in 1937. Johnny Mercer wrote the lyrics for music composed by Richard Whiting. It was featured in the 1937 Warner Brothers film Ready, Willing and Able, as well as a production number in a musical revue on Broadway. the song has become a pop standard and has been recorded by many artists.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The term feminist psychology was originally coined by Karen Horney. In her book, Feminine Psychology, which is a collection of articles Horney wrote on the subject from 1922 -- 1937, she addresses previously held beliefs about women, relationships, and the effect of society on female psychology.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, \"It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female.\" Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that \"Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers.\" According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her \"daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her.\" Time magazine included her in the list of the \"25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century\", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of \"100 Greatest Women in Music\" and \"50 Greatest Women of the Video Era\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise \"irreverent\" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had \"started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice.\" Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as \"an almost sacred feminist icon.\"\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Ray Strachey, born Rachel Pearsall Conn Costelloe (4 June 1887 London – 16 July 1940), was a British feminist politician, artist and writer.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, \"that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality\". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling \"We should all be feminists\", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a TEDxEuston conference in April 2013, in her song \"Flawless\", released later that year. She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Claire Johnston (1940–1987) was a feminist film theoretician. She wrote seminal essays on the construction of ideology in mainstream cinema (Hollywood and European auteur cinema)." ]	Professor Sut Jhally	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 7" ]
Where was the author of On the Origin of Species educated?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Last Chance to See is a 1989 BBC radio documentary series and its accompanying book, written and presented by Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine. In the series, Adams and Carwardine travel to various locations in the hope of encountering species on the brink of extinction. The book was published in 1990.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Wildcat Comic Con was a comic book convention held in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, United States, at the Pennsylvania College of Technology. The conventions name came from the mascot of the Pennsylvania College of Technology. Wildcat Comic Con placed extra value with educators and librarians and how comic books and graphic novels can be used in the educational fields.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Hans Würtz, born Johannes Würtz (18 May 1875, Heide, Holstein - 13 July 1958, Berlin) was one of the most influential and controversial figures in German \"Krüppelpädagogik\" (special education) during the Weimar Republic. He wrote over 50 books. He is buried at the Waldfriedhof Dahlem in Berlin.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils is the third of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books. Rob MacGregor, the author of this book, also wrote five of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam. Published on November 1, 1991, it is preceded by \"Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants\" and followed by \"Indiana Jones and the Genesis Deluge\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Conrad Henry Moehlman (May 26, 1879 – September 19, 1961) was an American professor of church history at Colgate Rochester Divinity School, where he was emeritus professor. A Baptist and known as theologically liberal, he was a strong proponent of the separation of church and state and wrote a number of books religion and education, church history and Christianity.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes is a popular - science book on cosmology (the study of the universe) by British physicist Stephen Hawking. It was first published in 1988. Hawking wrote the book for nonspecialist readers with no prior knowledge of scientific theories.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Homer Croy (March 3, 1883 – May 24, 1965), was an American author and occasional screenwriter who wrote fiction and non-fiction books about life in the Midwestern United States. He also wrote several popular biographies, including books on outlaw Jesse James, humorist Will Rogers and film director D.W. Griffith.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Growing scientific recognition of the role of private lands for endangered species recovery and the landmark 1981 court decision in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources both contributed to making Habitat Conservation Plans/ Incidental Take Permits \"a major force for wildlife conservation and a major headache to the development community\", wrote Robert D.Thornton in the 1991 Environmental Law article, Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory (SABO) is a nonprofit membership-supported scientific and educational organization founded in 1996 in Bisbee, Arizona, USA. The mission of the Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory is to promote the conservation of the birds of southeastern Arizona, their habitats, and the diversity of species that share those habitats through research, monitoring, and public education.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Roar Tank was the son of the historian Yngvar Nielsen. He worked as a teacher and acting headmaster at the Latin school of Drammen. Like his father, he published many travel books, published in Norwegian, German, French, and English. He also wrote local history books about Modum and Jarlsberg and his father's biography \"Idyll og arbeidsår\". He also wrote two chapters of \"Småskrifter for bokvenner\"." ]	University of Edinburgh	[]
What was Mr. Smith's first name in Mr. Smith Goes to the city where the president when Apollo 11 landed works?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The governor of an unnamed western state, Hubert ``Happy ''Hopper (Guy Kibbee), has to pick a replacement for recently deceased U.S. Senator Sam Foley. His corrupt political boss, Jim Taylor (Edward Arnold), pressures Hopper to choose his handpicked stooge, while popular committees want a reformer, Henry Hill. The governor's children want him to select Jefferson Smith (James Stewart), the head of the Boy Rangers. Unable to make up his mind between Taylor's stooge and the reformer, Hopper decides to flip a coin. When it lands on edge -- and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments -- he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: American Zoetrope's 1993 production was directed by Agnieszka Holland, with a screenplay by Caroline Thompson, and starred Kate Maberly as Mary, Heydon Prowse as Colin, Andrew Knott as Dickon, John Lynch as Lord Craven and Dame Maggie Smith as Mrs. Medlock. The executive producer was Francis Ford Coppola.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Mr Smith is a fictional extraterrestrial computer voiced by Alexander Armstrong which appears in the British children's science fiction television series, The Sarah Jane Adventures, with further minor appearances in the final two episodes of the fourth series of Doctor Who. He is installed in the attic of Sarah Jane Smith's home, and is used to hack into other systems; Sarah Jane asserts that he can hack ``into anything ''. He first appeared in`` Invasion of the Bane'', the 2007 New Year's Day première special, and has appeared in all the stories except The Eternity Trap.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Viola ``Vy ''Smith - Wilkes, portrayed by Vernee Watson - Johnson, is Vivian's oldest sister and Will's loving mother. She is a stern, no - nonsense disciplinarian who is not afraid to challenge anyone who gets in her way. It was her idea that Will should go to Bel Air to get a good education and avoid a life of violence in their West Philadelphia neighborhood. Vy works as a supervisor at the post office. It was due to this she opposed the decision when Janice decides to marry Frank, a white man. Though by their next encounter she is more acceptable. Vy eventually decides to marry Lisa Wilkes' father after Will and Lisa call off their second wedding attempt. However, it is unknown whether or not they married, since in Vy's next appearance, Mr. Wilkes is not seen or mentioned. Her maiden name and married name were previously the same, as Will's father was named Lou Smith.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Parker Posey as Dr. Smith. She is a criminal and a psychopath who uses other people's identities to claim their belongings. Dr. Smith, whose real name is June Harris, stole her sister Jessica's identity and place on the colony ship. There she impersonates a Dr. Zachary Smith, to take his seat on an evacuating Jupiter ship. After landing on the planet, Dr. Smith attempts to sabotage the Jupiters' chances of being rescued by the Resolute while manipulating and gaslighting the survivors to avoid prosecution for her crimes. The theft of the doctor's identity is a reference to the corresponding Dr. Smith character of the original TV series.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: An estimated one million spectators watched the launch of Apollo 11 from the highways and beaches vicinity of the launch site. Dignitaries included the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General William Westmoreland, four cabinet members, 19 state governors, 40 mayors, 60 ambassadors and 200 congressmen. Vice President Spiro Agnew viewed the launch with the former president, Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Lady Bird Johnson. Around 3,500 media representatives were present. About two - thirds were from the United States; the rest came from 55 other countries. The launch was televised live in 33 countries, with an estimated 25 million viewers in the United States alone. Millions more around the world listened to radio broadcasts. President Richard Nixon viewed the launch from his office in the White House with his NASA liaison officer, Apollo astronaut Frank Borman.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: In 1998, Linda M. Hooper, principal of Whitwell Middle School in Whitwell, Tennessee, asked Assistant Principal David Smith to find a voluntary after - school project to teach the children about tolerance. David Smith and Sandra Roberts started a Holocaust education program and held the first class in the fall of 1998. Soon the students were overwhelmed with the massive scale of the Holocaust and asked Mrs. Hooper if they could collect something to represent the lives that were exterminated during the Holocaust. Mrs. Hooper responded that they could if they could find something that related to the Holocaust or to World War II. Through Internet research, the students discovered that Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian, designed a loop of metal, and the Norwegians wore paperclips on their lapels during World War II as a silent protest against Nazi occupation. The students decided to collect 6,000,000 paper clips to represent the estimated 6,000,000 Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 under the authority of the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Can Mr. Smith Get to Washington Anymore? is a 2006 documentary film directed by Frank Popper, which follows Missouri politician Jeff Smith's 2004 Democratic primary election campaign to the United States House of Representatives after the retirement of Dick Gephardt from his seat. The film follows Smith as he challenges Russ Carnahan, a member of the Carnahan political family and the frontrunner of a crowded Democratic primary, to capture the Democratic nomination for the seat. The movie's title references Frank Capra's \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\", a film in which a naive but well-meaning man (named \"Jefferson Smith\") becomes a Senator and fights the cynical nature of Washington.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Mr. Smith Carries On is a 1937 British crime film directed by Lister Laurance and starring Edward Rigby, Julien Mitchell and H.F. Maltby. It was made at Pinewood Studios as a quota quickie for release by Paramount Pictures. The screenplay concerns a secretary who accidentally shoots a business tycoon.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Angelo J. Lano was an American field agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington DC, notable for his work heading the investigation of, and appearing as a witness for, the Watergate scandal surrounding President Richard M. Nixon. Lano was one of a number of FBI agents who was falsely accused as a source of information for Carl Bernstein and the \"Washington Post\" during the investigation, which helped shift White House suspicions away from Mark Felt, who was revealed as informant Deep Throat on May 31, 2005." ]	Jefferson	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 1", "Passage 10" ]
What's the name of the democratic candidate running for governor of the state where the K-28 highway is found?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The candidate filing deadline for this gubernatorial race was on June 22, 2018, with primary elections being held on August 28, 2018. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party. Andrew Gillum won the Democratic primary, and Ron DeSantis won the Republican primary.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: K-28 is one of the original Kansas highways. K-28 originally terminated at Nebraska Highway 78 (N-78) at the Nebraska border north of Burr Oak. Then on February 8, 1996, K-28 was truncated to K-14 in Jewell and the section of K-28 from US-36 north to the Nebraska border became an extension of K-128.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Shushinsky Uyezd (), was one of the \"uyezds\" (administrative units) of Elisabethpol Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Ganja Governorate of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Shusha in 1840–1921.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: In 2006 she was elected to serve in the Senate of Mexico for a six-year term. She left the Senate to run for Governor of the state of Colima. In 2009 She was designated the PAN candidate for the 2009 Colima state election. Sosa was defeated by the PRI candidate.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain, albeit by a narrow margin of two percent.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: On August 7, 2018, Kobach appeared headed for victory over incumbent Governor Jeff Colyer in the Republican gubernatorial primary by an initial margin of 191 votes. By August 9, 2018, his lead stood at 121 votes, but discrepancies in some counties needed resolution, and provisional and absentee ballots may not have been counted in some counties. Democratic Senator Laura Kelly easily won the Democratic nomination. Independent Greg Orman, who finished second in the 2014 U.S. Senate race against incumbent Republican Pat Roberts, is running for governor, again as an independent candidate.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent Republican President George H.W. Bush, independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas, and a number of minor candidates.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Ronald D. Sparks (born October 29, 1952) is an American politician from the state of Alabama. He is the former Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries. Sparks is a member of the Democratic party, and was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Alabama in the state's 2010 gubernatorial election." ]	Laura Kelly	[ "Passage 7", "Passage 3" ]
When did Manuel Guzman's country of citizenship become an American territory?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Maldeamores () is a 2007 Puerto Rican film starring Luis Guzmán, written by Carlos Ruíz Ruíz and Jorge Gonzales, and directed by Ruíz and his wife Mariem Pérez Riera.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Travelling to the Montana Territory, he became a trader and interpreter in the area surrounding Fort Benton. Observing rampant alcoholism and its detrimental impact on the Native American and Métis people, he engaged in an unsuccessful attempt to curtail the whisky trade. In 1881, he married Marguerite Monet dit Bellehumeur (1861–1886), a young Métis, \"in the fashion of the country\" on 28 April, an arrangement that was solemnized on 9 March 1882 at Carroll, Montana by Father Damiani. They were to have three children: Jean-Louis (1882–1908); Marie-Angélique (1883–1897); and a boy who was born and died on 21 October 1885, less than one month before Riel was hanged.Riel soon became involved in the politics of Montana, and in 1882, actively campaigned on behalf of the Republican Party. He brought a suit against a Democrat for rigging a vote, but was then himself accused of fraudulently inducing British subjects to take part in the election. In response, Riel applied for United States citizenship and was naturalized on 16 March 1883. With two young children, he had by 1884 settled down and was teaching school at the St. Peter's Jesuit mission in the Sun River district of Montana.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name \"Colorado\" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Nostalgia for the Light () is a documentary released in 2010 by Patricio Guzmán to address the lasting impacts of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship. Guzmán focuses on the similarities between astronomers researching humanity’s past, in an astronomical sense, and the struggle of many Chilean women who still search, after decades, for the remains of their relatives executed during the dictatorship. Patricio Guzmán narrates the documentary himself and the documentary includes interviews and commentary from those affected and from astronomers and archeologists.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Isabel de la Cerda also known as \"Isabel de la Cerda Pérez de Guzmán\" (Seville c.1329 - after 1383) was the only surviving daughter of Luis de la Cerda and his first wife Leonor de Guzmán; she was Lady of Puerto de Santa María and titular Princess of Fortuna. She was a member of the House de la Cerda.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Manuel Guzmán Flores (born October 13, 1969) is a former international backstroke and freestyle swimmer from Puerto Rico, who participated in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1988. His best result was a 12th place in the Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He graduated from Bloomington High School South in 1989 where he was an individual state champion and helped lead the team to a state runner-up finish.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile during his second voyage. Later it endured invasion attempts from the French, Dutch, and British. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island's ethnic, cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves, Canarian, and Andalusian settlers. In the Spanish imperial imagination, Puerto Rico played a secondary, but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and the mainland parts of New Spain. Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century, helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Native Americans, Africans, and Iberians. In 1898, following the Spanish -- American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"Volverte a Amar\" (Eng.: Loving You Again) is the first single from Alejandra Guzmán's twelfth studio album \"Indeleble\". The song was produced by Loris Ceroni and written by Mario Domm and Alejandra Guzmán. The song was very successful in Mexico and United States.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia." ]	1898	[ "Passage 8", "Passage 7" ]
How long is the border with the country in which Juliana of Lazarevo died?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Juliana Schierberg was employed as a chamber maid to Queen Ulrika Eleonora in 1681, and was given the same position to the eldest Princess, Hedvig Sophia, upon the death of the queen in 1693. She had a similar position with Hedvig Sophia as Emerentia von Düben had with the younger Princess, Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden, and acted as the political adviser of the Princess.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The dismantling of the electric fence along Hungary's 240 kilometres (149 mi) long border with Austria was the first fissure in the ``Iron Curtain ''that had divided Europe for more than 40 years, since the end of World War II, and caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Berlin Wall.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg (15 December 1547 at Dillenburg Castle in Dillenburg – 16 May 1633 in Öhringen) was a daughter of William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his second wife, Juliana of Stolberg. Magdalena was a sister of William the Silent.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Juliana Rimane (born January 22, 1959 in Kourou, French Guiana) is a politician from French Guiana who was elected to the French National Assembly in 2002.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Countess Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg (born 25 September 1542 in Dillenburg – died: 18 November 1603 in Dillenburg) was a daughter of William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and Juliana of Stolberg and was one of the sisters of William the Silent.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: It shares borders of 6,846 kilometres (4,254 mi) with Russia, 2,203 kilometres (1,369 mi) with Uzbekistan, 1,533 kilometres (953 mi) with China, 1,051 kilometres (653 mi) with Kyrgyzstan, and 379 kilometres (235 mi) with Turkmenistan. Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.Kazakhstan's terrain extends west to east from the Caspian Sea to the Altay Mountains and north to south from the plains of Western Siberia to the oases and deserts of Central Asia. The Kazakh Steppe (plain), with an area of around 804,500 square kilometres (310,600 sq mi), occupies one-third of the country and is the world's largest dry steppe region. The steppe is characterised by large areas of grasslands and sandy regions. Major seas, lakes and rivers include the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash and Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge and the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Juliana's Pony: Total System Failure is the fifth album by Juliana Hatfield, released in 2000. Of note about this album is that the songs \"Total System Failure\" and \"Leather Pants\" use the same music with different lyrics.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Morris Lake is a long shallow lake in Nova Scotia's Halifax Regional Municipality bordering the communities of Dartmouth, Shearwater and Cole Harbour.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Fort Salonga is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. At the 2010 census, the CDP population was 10,008. The name evolved from the Revolutionary War-era British Fort Salonga, or Fort Slongo, (named after one of the fort’s architects) once located near the border of the towns of Huntington and Smithtown, overlooking Long Island Sound.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: After Quang Trung's death, the Tây Sơn dynasty became unstable as the remaining brothers fought against each other and against the people who were loyal to Nguyễn Huệ's infant son. Nguyễn Ánh sailed north in 1799, capturing Tây Sơn's stronghold Qui Nhơn. In 1801, his force took Phú Xuân, the Tây Sơn capital. Nguyễn Ánh finally won the war in 1802, when he sieged Thăng Long (Hanoi) and executed Nguyễn Huệ's son, Nguyễn Quang Toản, along with many Tây Sơn generals and officials. Nguyễn Ánh ascended the throne and called himself Emperor Gia Long. Gia is for Gia Định, the old name of Saigon; Long is for Thăng Long, the old name of Hanoi. Hence Gia Long implied the unification of the country. The Nguyễn dynasty lasted until Bảo Đại's abdication in 1945. As China for centuries had referred to Đại Việt as Annam, Gia Long asked the Manchu Qing emperor to rename the country, from Annam to Nam Việt. To prevent any confusion of Gia Long's kingdom with Triệu Đà's ancient kingdom, the Manchu emperor reversed the order of the two words to Việt Nam. The name Vietnam is thus known to be used since Emperor Gia Long's reign. Recently historians have found that this name had existed in older books in which Vietnamese referred to their country as Vietnam." ]	6,846 kilometres	[ "Passage 6" ]
What shares a border with the county that contains Metamora Township?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Nathaniel Monroe Marshall (June 13, 1854 Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York – February 16, 1935 Malone, Franklin County, New York) was an American banker and politician.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Kota Puteri is a new township in Selangor, Malaysia, developed by the PKNS. Kota Puteri falls under the administration of Majlis Perbandaran Selayang. This township is located near Batu Arang and Ijok, and is alternately known as \"Bandar Baru Batu Arang\". It is divided into 12 \"sections\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Metamora Township is one of thirteen townships in Franklin County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 974.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Metamora Township, Township 27 North, Range 2 West, is located in Woodford County, Illinois. It includes the town of Metamora, Illinois and is traversed by State Routes 89 and 116. State Route 117 runs along the southern part of its eastern border.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory." ]	Clinton County	[ "Passage 4", "Passage 1" ]
Khosrowabad in Javad Zarincheh's birthplace is located in which county?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Javad Zarincheh (, born July 23, 1966 in Tehran) is a retired Iranian football player, coach and a football administrator. He is currently team manager of Esteghlal. He played for the Iran national football team and was a participant at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit." ]	Pardis County	[ "Passage 3" ]
When did the country containing the Pihtsusköngäs waterfall join the Russian Empire?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Swedish Ingria (, ‘land of Ingrians’) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1583 to 1595 and then again from 1617 to 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Paul Armont (1874–1943) was a Russian-born French playwright and screenwriter. He also collaborated with the Swiss writer Marcel Gerbidon. He was born Dimitri Petrococchino in Rostov in the Russian Empire.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: All Summer and Winter Olympic medals of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire were inherited by Russia, but not combined together with the medal count of the Russian Federation.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Saint Petersburg Governorate (, \"Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya\"), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a \"guberniya\") of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed during 1708–1927.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Pihtsusköngäs, also known as the \"Niagara of Finland\" or the \"King of Finnish waterfalls\" is the largest waterfall in all of Finland. Its maximum height is . It is located in the Käsivarsi Wilderness Area, about from the village Kilpisjärvi within the municipality of Enontekiö. It is accessible by following the Nordkalottleden Trail, an 800 kilometer hiking route than runs through Finland, Sweden and Norway.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Angel Ivanovich Bogdanovich (, October 14 [o.s. 2], 1860, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (modern Belarus) - April 6 [o.s. March 24], 1907, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian literary critic, publicist and social activist, originally a narodnik, later an active member of the Legal Marxists' political group.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at , and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world, after the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire." ]	1809	[ "Passage 8" ]
What type of building in the Crawford House in the city where Gillette's headquarters are located in the state where Mona Lisa Smile takes place?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Mona Lisa Italian: La Gioconda, French: La Joconde Artist Leonardo da Vinci Year c. 1503 -- 06, perhaps continuing until c. 1517 Medium Oil on poplar panel Subject Lisa Gherardini 77 cm × 53 cm (30 in × 21 in) Location Musée du Louvre, Paris\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Based in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, it was owned by The Gillette Company, a supplier of products under various brands until that company merged into P&G in 2005. The Gillette Company was founded by King C. Gillette in 1901 as a safety razor manufacturer.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Francis Gillette (December 14, 1807 – September 30, 1879) was a politician from Connecticut, USA. He was the father of actor and playwright William Gillette and politician and editor Edward H. Gillette.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington (Apsley House, 5 April 1846 – 8 June 1900, Strathfieldsaye) was a British peer and Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Lord Charles Wellesley and grandson of the 1st Duke of Wellington.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The Mona Lisa (/ ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə /; Italian: Monna Lisa (ˈmɔnna ˈliːza) or La Gioconda (la dʒoˈkonda), French: La Joconde (la ʒɔkɔ̃d)) is a half - length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as ``the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world ''. The Mona Lisa is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962, which is worth nearly $800 million in 2017.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Massachusetts and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as \"the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world.\" The \"Mona Lisa\" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 (equivalent to $ million in ).\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Mona Lisa Smile is a 2003 American drama film produced by Revolution Studios and Columbia Pictures in association with Red Om Films Productions, directed by Mike Newell, written by Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal, and starring Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, Julia Stiles and Maggie Gyllenhaal. The title is a reference to the \"Mona Lisa\", the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci, and to the song of the same name, originally performed by Nat King Cole, which was covered by Seal for the movie. Julia Roberts received a record $25 million for her performance, the highest ever earned by an actress at that time." ]	hotels	[ "Passage 4" ]
What is the name of the river that runs through the birth place of Breakin' It Up's performer?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines. The Spoleto Festival is internationally recognized as America's premier performing arts festival. The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival takes place at the same time and features local performers and artists, with hundreds of performances throughout the city. Other festivals and events include Historic Charleston Foundation's Festival of Houses and Gardens and Charleston Antiques Show, the Taste of Charleston, The Lowcountry Oyster Festival, the Cooper River Bridge Run, The Charleston Marathon, Southeastern Wildlife Exposition (SEWE), Charleston Food and Wine Festival, Charleston Fashion Week, the MOJA Arts Festival, and the Holiday Festival of Lights (at James Island County Park), and the Charleston International Film Festival.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Pader is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, left tributary of the Lippe. It runs through the city of Paderborn, which it gave its name. Although fairly wide, it is only 4 km in length which makes it the shortest river this size of Germany.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac, the Hoosick (primarily in New York) and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic), is a tributary of the Hudson River in the northeastern United States. The different spellings are the result of varying transliterations of the river's original Algonquian name. It can be translated either as \"the beyond place\" (as in beyond, or east of, the Hudson) or as \"the stony place\" (perhaps because the river's stony bottom is usually exposed except in spring, or perhaps because local soils are so stony).\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Orbison Way is the eighth album recorded by Roy Orbison, and his second for MGM Records, released in January 1966. Two singles were taken from that album; \"Crawling Back\" and \"Breakin' Up Is Breakin' My Heart\", both of which were chart hits in England, the US and Australia.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Qualicum River /in the Pentlach language = \"Where the Dog Salmon Run\" / (marked on highway signs in the area as the Big Qualicum River) is a river on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, flowing northeast from its headwaters in Horne Lake into the Strait of Georgia just south of Qualicum Bay, near the town of Qualicum Beach. The river's name comes from that of the Qualicum people.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Breakin' It Up is the debut album by pianist Barry Harris recorded in 1958 and released on the Argo label.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Eddie Locke was a part of the fertile and vibrant Detroit jazz scene during the 1940s and 1950s, which brought forth many great musicians including the Jones brothers (Hank, Thad, and Elvin), Kenny Burrell, Lucky Thompson, Tommy Flanagan, Barry Harris, and so many others. He eventually formed a variety act with drummer Oliver Jackson called Bop & Locke which played the Apollo Theater. He moved to New York City in 1954, and worked there with Dick Wellstood, Tony Parenti, Red Allen, Willie \"The Lion\" Smith, and Teddy Wilson amongst others. During this time he came under the tutelage of the great Jo Jones, and eventually became known as a driving and swinging drummer who kept solid time and supported the soloist. During the late 1950s he formed two of his most fruitful musical relationships, one with Roy Eldridge, and the other with Coleman Hawkins. His recording debut came with Eldridge in 1959 on \"On The Town\". He later became a member of the Coleman Hawkins Quartet in the 1960s along with pianist Tommy Flanagan and bassist Major Holley. That group made many fine records including the exquisite album \"Today and Now\", in 1963. Throughout the 1970s, he played with Roy Eldridge at Jimmy Ryan's in Manhattan, and wound out his career freelancing, as well as teaching youngsters at the Trevor Day School on Manhattan's upper west side.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Hjartdøla is a river in Hjartdal municipality in Telemark, Norway. The river is formed at the convergence of Skjesvatnet, Breidvatnet and Bjordøla. From here, it runs through Hjartsjå and Hjartdal, before in Heddal it changes its name to the Heddøla, which runs into Heddalsvatnet. The whole watercourse is known as Skiensvassdraget.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Occoquan River is a tributary of the Potomac River in Northern Virginia, where it serves as part of the boundary between Fairfax and Prince William counties. The river is long, and its watershed covers about . It is formed by the confluence of Broad Run and Cedar Run in Prince William County; Bull Run, which forms Prince William County's boundary with Loudoun and the northerly part of Fairfax counties, enters it east-southeast of Manassas, as the Occoquan turns to the southeast. It reaches the Potomac at Belmont Bay. The Occoquan River is part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The name \"Occoquan\" is derived from a Doeg Algonquian word translated as \"at the end of the water\"." ]	Detroit River	[ "Passage 8", "Passage 4", "Passage 7" ]
Where was the creator of the paintings named for the country where Seif Palace is located born?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Following its initial broadcast in South Korea, \"Dae Jang Geum\" was syndicated in over 60 countries around the world, under the titles \"Jewel in the Palace\" and \"The Great Jang-Geum\"\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Seif Palace (Arabic, قصر السيف) is a palace in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Located opposite the Grand Mosque, one of Seif Palace's best-known features is the watch tower, covered in blue tiles and with a roof plated in pure gold. Local materials such as clay, rocks, limestone, wood and metals were used in its construction.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Royal Palace of Werla (German: \"Königspfalz Werla\") is located near Werlaburgdorf (municipality: Schladen-Werla) in Lower Saxony. The grounds of the royal palace cover about 20 hectares rising atop Kreuzberg hill, a 17 m high natural plateau overlooking the Oker river. In the Early Middle Ages the palace was an important place in the Holy Roman Empire, serving as an important base for the Ottonians in the 10th century in particular. Although it subsequently lost its political significance to the newly established Imperial Palace of Goslar at Rammelsberg, it developed into an independent settlement with a busy industrial quarter. In the 14th century it fell into ruin and was completely unknown until its rediscovery in the 18th century. The core fortress in particular was thoroughly excavated in the 20th century. Excavations carried out since 2007 have brought new understanding to the hitherto largely unexplored outworks. Since 2010 the palace complex with foundation and enceinte, as well as earthworks, has been partially reconstructed and is now open to the public as the \"Archäologie- und Landschaftspark Kaiserpfalz Werla\" (Archaeological and Wilderness Park of the Imperial Palace of Werla).\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Kuwait is a group of approximately 40 paintings made by Nabil Kanso in 1990-91 on the Gulf War and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The works in the series were first exhibited in Kuwait in March – April 1992 at the Free Atelier Art Center and traveled in June to Caracas for a special exhibit at the Palacio de Gobierno in honor of the Emir of Kuwait’s visit to Venezuela. Then, the exhibition proceeded to Geneva and was held at the Red Cross Museum in July – August 1992.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Al Halfout () is a 1985 film and satire written by Wahid Hamids and directed by Samir Seif and Mustafa Gamaleddin. The cast includes Adel Emam, Ilham Chahine, Saeed Saleh and Salah Kabil. Filming of \"Al Halfout\" occurred mainly in Egypt. The film takes a satirical look at Egypt's government and its attitude to the poor.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War I named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ Place in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas." ]	Beirut	[ "Passage 9", "Passage 4", "Passage 7" ]
When did the locale for that's so raven stop minting circulating coins?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In February 2007, the U.S. Mint, under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, introduced a new $1 U.S. Presidential dollar coin. Based on the success of the \"50 State Quarters\" series, the new coin features a sequence of presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side. The reverse side features the Statue of Liberty. To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of \"E Pluribus Unum\", \"In God We Trust\", the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the British £1 coin, is not usually associated with U.S. coin designs. The inscription \"Liberty\" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a sufficient replacement. In addition, due to the nature of U.S. coins, this will be the first time there will be circulating U.S. coins of different denominations with the same president featured on the obverse (heads) side (Lincoln/penny, Jefferson/nickel, Franklin D. Roosevelt/dime, Washington/quarter, Kennedy/half dollar, and Eisenhower/dollar). Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only U.S. President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The first issue (1966) was produced by three mints: 146.5 million were minted at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra, with 239 million at the Melbourne Mint and 26.6 million at the Perth Mint. With the exception of 1966 and 1981, all other one - cent coins have been produced at the Canberra mint. In 1981, 40.3 million were struck at the British Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales, as well as 183.6 million in Canberra. The only year when it was not minted during its years in general circulation was 1986. It was last minted in 1990.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the third largest American coin currently minted in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The dollar was first based on the value and look of the Spanish dollar, used widely in Spanish America from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint (founded 1792) were similar in size and composition to the Spanish dollar, minted in Mexico and Peru. The Spanish, U.S. silver dollars, and later, Mexican silver pesos circulated side by side in the United States, and the Spanish dollar and Mexican peso remained legal tender until the Coinage Act of 1857. The coinage of various English colonies also circulated. The lion dollar was popular in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York), but the lion dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the 17th century and early 18th century. Examples circulating in the colonies were usually worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus they were sometimes referred to as \"dog dollars\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Though not commonly used today, half dollar coins have a long history of heavy use alongside other denominations of coinage, but have faded out of general circulation for many reasons. They were produced in fairly large quantities until the year 2002, when the U.S. Mint ceased production of the coin for general circulation. As a result of its decreasing usage, a large amount of pre-2002 half dollars remain in Federal Reserve vaults, prompting the change in production. Presently, collector half dollars can be ordered straight from the U.S. Mint, and pre-2002 circulation half dollars may be ordered through most U.S. banks.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The halfpenny coin's obverse featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II; the reverse featured an image of St Edward's Crown. It was minted in bronze (like the 1p and 2p coins). It was the smallest decimal coin in both size and value. The size was in proportion to the 1p and 2p coins. It soon became Britain's least favourite coin. The Treasury had continued to argue that the halfpenny was important in the fight against inflation (preventing prices from being rounded up). The coin was demonetised and withdrawn from circulation in December 1984.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The United States Bicentennial coinage was a set of circulating commemorative coins, consisting of a quarter, half dollar and dollar struck by the United States Mint in 1975 and 1976. Regardless of when struck, each coin bears the double date 1776 -- 1976 on the normal obverses for the Washington quarter, Kennedy half dollar and Eisenhower dollar. No coins dated 1975 of any of the three denominations were minted.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Royal Mint is a government - owned mint that produces coins for the United Kingdom. Operating under the name Royal Mint Ltd, the mint is a limited company that is wholly owned by Her Majesty's Treasury and is under an exclusive contract to supply all the nation's coinage. As well as minting circulating coins for use domestically and internationally, the mint also produces planchets, commemorative coins, various types of medals and precious metal bullion. The mint exports to an average of 60 countries a year, making up 70% of its total sales. Formed over 1,100 years ago, the mint was historically part of a series of mints that became centralised to produce coins for the Kingdom of England, all of Great Britain and eventually most of the British Empire. The original London mint from which the Royal Mint is the successor, was established in 886 AD and operated within the Tower of London for approximately 800 years before moving to what is now called Royal Mint Court where it remained until the 1960s. As Britain followed the rest of the world in decimalising its currency, the Mint moved from London to a new 38 acres (15 ha) plant in Llantrisant, Wales where it has remained since.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The first coins in India were minted around the 6th century BCE by the Mahajanapadas of the Indo - Gangetic Plain, and certainly before the invasion of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE. The coins of this period were punch - marked coins called Puranas, Karshapanas or Pana. Several of these coins had a single symbol, for example, Saurashtra had a humped bull, and Dakshin Panchala had a Swastika, others, like Magadha, had several symbols. These coins were made of silver of a standard weight but with an irregular shape. This was gained by cutting up silver bars and then making the correct weight by cutting the edges of the coin." ]	1937	[]
Why were the Uighurs ranked higher by the people who imposed on the military might of Tibet in the past?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, all members of CPC Politburo Standing Committee signaling the commitment of senior Chinese leaders to development of Tibet and ethnic Tibetan areas. The plan calls for improvement of rural Tibetan income to national standards by 2020 and free education for all rural Tibetan children. China has invested 310 billion yuan (about 45.6 billion U.S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. \"Tibet's GDP was expected to reach 43.7 billion yuan in 2009, up 170 percent from that in 2000 and posting an annual growth of 12.3 percent over the past nine years.\"\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Marriage licences were introduced in the 14th century, to allow the usual notice period under banns to be waived, on payment of a fee and accompanied by a sworn declaration, that there was no canonical impediment to the marriage. Licences were usually granted by an archbishop, bishop or archdeacon. There could be a number of reasons for a couple to obtain a licence: they might wish to marry quickly (and avoid the three weeks' delay by the calling of banns); they might wish to marry in a parish away from their home parish; or, because a licence required a higher payment than banns, they might choose to obtain one as a status symbol.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China is that the Ming implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs, granting titles and setting up administrative organs over Tibet. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic states that the Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office governed most areas of Tibet. It also states that while the Ming abolished the policy council set up by the Mongol Yuan to manage local affairs in Tibet and the Mongol system of Imperial Tutors to govern religious affairs, the Ming adopted a policy of bestowing titles upon religious leaders who had submitted to the Ming dynasty. For example, an edict of the Hongwu Emperor in 1373 appointed the Tibetan leader Choskunskyabs as the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office, stating:\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Five - star ranks were created in the US military during World War II because of the awkward situation created when some American senior commanders were placed in positions commanding allied officers of higher rank. US officers holding five - star rank never retire; they draw full active duty pay for life. The five - star ranks were retired in 1981 on the death of General of the Army Omar Bradley.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Fighting McCooks were members of a family of Ohioans who reached prominence as officers in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Two brothers, Daniel and John McCook, and thirteen of their sons were involved in the army, making the family one of the most prolific in American military history. Six of the McCooks reached the rank of brigadier general or higher. Several family members were killed in action or died from their wounds. Following the war, several others reached high political offices, including governorships and diplomatic posts.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Kruger Class was a series of exceptionally imposing-looking (some might say ungainly) steam locomotives designed by William Dean and built at the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra (d. April 16, 1934) (Uyghur: نۇر ئەخمەتجان بۇغرا‎), نور احمد جان بغرا, was an Uighur Emir of the First East Turkestan Republic. He was the younger brother of Muhammad Amin Bughra and Abdullah Bughra. He commanded Uighur and Kirghiz forces during the Battle of Kashgar (1934) against the Chinese Muslim 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army). The Chinese Muslims were loyal to the Republic of China government, and wanted to crush the Turkic Muslim Uighurs and Kirghiz in revenge for the Kizil massacre, in which Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra had taken part. He was killed on April 16, 1934 at Yangi Hissar by Chinese Muslim troops under generals Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan. All of Nur Ahmad Jan's 2,500 Uighur and Kirghiz fighters were exterminated by the 10,000 strong Chinese Muslim army.It was reported by Ahmad Kamal in his book Land Without Laughter, that Nur Ahmad Jan was beheaded by the Chinese Muslim troops and the head was used in a football game at the parade ground.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts. These include Tibetan hats, jewelry (silver and gold), wooden items, clothing, quilts, fabrics, Tibetan rugs and carpets. The Central People's Government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. However most of this investment goes to pay migrant workers who do not settle in Tibet and send much of their income home to other provinces." ]	the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting	[]
Where are the headquarters for the organization which sets the standards for ISO 965 located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: ISO 3166-2:IS is the entry for Iceland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: ISO/TC 68 is a technical committee formed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), of Geneva, Switzerland, tasked with developing and maintaining international standards covering the areas of banking, securities, and other financial services. As the standards organization under ISO responsible for the development of all international financial services standards, ISO/TC 68 plays a key role in the development and adoption of new technologies in the banking, brokerage and insurance industries. Many of its current work projects involve developing ecommerce standards such as better online security for financial transactions, XML standards for financial transactions and standards to reduce the cost and delays of international financial transactions. The membership of ISO/TC 68, consists of more than 30 organizations assigned by participating national standards bodies plus additional international standards development organizations that work collaboratively toward global financial services standards development.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: ISO 3166-2:AO is the entry for Angola in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: ISO 3166-2:GL is the entry for Greenland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: ISO 3307 is an international standard for date and time representations issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The standard was issued in 1975, then was superseded by ISO 8601 in 1988.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 function equivalently as character encodings, but The Unicode Standard contains much more information for implementers, covering—in depth—topics such as bitwise encoding, collation and rendering. The Unicode Standard enumerates a multitude of character properties, including those needed for supporting bidirectional text. The two standards do use slightly different terminology.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: ISO 3166-2:FJ is the entry for Fiji in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: ISO 3166-2:GT is the entry for Guatemala in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: ISO 3166-2:CL is the entry for Chile in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1." ]	Geneva	[ "Passage 2" ]
where was the initial german offensive during the war just before toilets became common in London?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Perth SpeedDome is a velodrome in Midvale, Western Australia, Australia. It is Western Australia's only indoor velodrome. It was designed by German architect Ralph Schürmann and constructed under the supervision of English velodrome specialist Ron Webb. The SpeedDome was opened in November 1989, replacing the Lake Monger Velodrome, an old outdoor concrete velodrome in Mount Hawthorn.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was an Allied offensive which ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed Central Powers back after their gains from the Spring Offensive. The Germans eventually retreated to the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The term \"Hundred Days Offensive\" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German armies had no reply.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: All Quiet on the Western Front (German: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit. 'In the West Nothing New') is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Once the threat of western air-strikes had passed, the Army launched a new offensive against rebel positions on 10 September, primarily in the southern suburbs of Damascus.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Herbert Ihlefeld (1 June 1914 – 8 August 1995) was a German \"Luftwaffe\" military aviator during the Spanish Civil War and World War II, a fighter ace listed with 130 enemy aircraft shot down in over 1,000 combat missions. He claimed seven victories in the Spanish Civil War, and during World War II, 67 on the Eastern Front and 56 on the Western Front, including 15 four-engined bombers and 26 Supermarine Spitfires. He survived being shot down eight times during his 1,000 combat missions.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Schlieffen Plan (German: Schlieffen - Plan, pronounced (ʃliːfən plaːn)) was the name given after World War I to the thinking behind the German invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the Imperial Army German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, devised a deployment plan for a war - winning offensive, in a one - front war against the French Third Republic from 1905 -- 06. After the war, the German official historians of the Reichsarchiv and other writers, described the plan as a blueprint for victory. German historians claimed that the plan had been ruined by Generaloberst (Colonel - General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, the Commander - in - Chief of the German army after Schlieffen retired in 1906, who was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5 -- 12 September 1914).\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive essentially pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line, and was followed by an armistice. The term ``Hundred Days Offensive ''does not refer to a specific battle or unified strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories starting with the Battle of Amiens.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The tide of the advance was dramatically turned with the Battle of the Marne. Following the Race to the Sea, both sides dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France, which changed little except during early 1917 and in 1918.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The term ``First World War ''was first used in September 1914 by German biologist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel, who claimed that`` there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War'... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word,'' citing a wire service report in The Indianapolis Star on 20 September 1914.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Karl Sutter (10 May 1914 – 14 September 2003) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the pole vault." ]	First Battle of the Marne	[]
When does fall weather start in the state where the Lucas Mansion is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Louis and Ellen Olson House, a Craftsman style mansion built in 1903, is located near downtown Enumclaw, Washington, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984. The mansion is currently a private residence.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Cabo San Lucas International Airport (Spanish: Aeródromo Internacional de Cabo San Lucas) (ICAO: MMSL) is a small international airfield (officially it's an ``aerodrome '') located 4.5 miles (7.2 km) northwest of Cabo San Lucas in Baja California Sur, Mexico.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Texas oil boom The Lucas gusher at Spindletop, the first major gusher in Texas Date 1901 -- 1940s Location Texas, United States Also known as Gusher Age\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Lucas Mansion, also known as the Hiddenite Center, is a historic home located at Hiddenite, Alexander County, North Carolina. It was built about 1900, and is a three-story, frame Queen Anne style dwelling. It features a two-story wraparound porch. It was enlarged to its present size by 1928. It was owned by James Paul Lucas, a South Carolina native and international diamond merchant.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Sheboygan County Memorial Airport is a county owned public use non-towered airport located in the Town of Sheboygan Falls, three nautical miles (6 km) northwest of the City of Sheboygan, in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility. Sheboygan's National Weather Service observation station is based at the airport.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Balding Avenue Historic District is located along the street of the same name, between Mansion and Marshall streets, in Poughkeepsie, New York, United States. These four acres (1.6 ha) include 27 houses mostly built in the late 19th century.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Coleman Falls is an unincorporated community in Bedford County, Virginia, United States. Coleman Falls is located along the James River and U.S. Route 501 northwest of Lynchburg. Coleman Falls has a post office with ZIP code 24536. The community was named after a family from the area in 1923. The Coleman Falls Dam is located in the community.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Lucas is a 2002 novel by Kevin Brooks about a teenager named Cait who lives on an isolated island off the coast of England and befriends outsider Lucas, eventually falling in love with him only to see the island's prejudices come to life.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Blomsholm is a mansion and gardens in Bohuslän, Sweden. It is located in the parish of Skee, north of Strömstad. There are several prehistoric tombs near the manor.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The Little Missouri Falls is a sizable waterfall on the upper reaches of the Little Missouri River in southwest Arkansas in the Ouachita National Forest. It is a stairstep fall in a deep gorge. The falls can be reached by an all-weather gravel road, and there is a parking area with restrooms and a paved trail leading to observation sites. Water flow is greatest during the winter and spring months." ]	October and November	[ "Passage 4" ]
When was the Convention on the Rights of the Child created by the organization that US and the country US beat in Miracle on Ice are both members of?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: After working on various solo projects during 1988 (including Mercury's collaboration with Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona), the band released The Miracle in 1989. The album continued the direction of A Kind of Magic, using a pop-rock sound mixed with a few heavy numbers. It spawned the European hits \"I Want It All\", \"Breakthru\", \"The Invisible Man\", \"Scandal\", and \"The Miracle\". The Miracle also began a change in direction of Queen's songwriting philosophy. Since the band's beginning, nearly all songs had been written by and credited to a single member, with other members adding minimally. With The Miracle, the band's songwriting became more collaborative, and they vowed to credit the final product only to Queen as a group.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. Approximately 2.8 million Soviet POWs died of starvation, mistreatment, or executions in just eight months of 1941 -- 42. During the war, the Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. It emerged as a superpower in the post-war period. Once denied diplomatic recognition by the Western world, the Soviet Union had official relations with practically every nation by the late 1940s. A member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945, the Soviet Union became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, which gave it the right to veto any of its resolutions.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: This type of sausage was culturally imported from Germany and popularized in the United States, where it became a working - class street food sold at hot dog stands and carts. The hot dog became closely associated with baseball and American culture. Hot dog preparation and condiments vary regionally in the US. Although particularly connected with New York City and New York City cuisine, the hot dog became ubiquitous throughout the US during the 20th century, and emerged as an important part of some regional cuisines (notably Chicago street cuisine).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The ``Miracle on Ice ''refers to a medal - round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the four - time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of round ceramic ware. The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming the excess body from dried ware, and for applying incised decoration or rings of colour. Use of the potter's wheel became widespread throughout the Old World but was unknown in the Pre-Columbian New World, where pottery was handmade by methods that included coiling and beating.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or \"mother of a child\", a status that granted her privileged rights. The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers' social status at birth and were born free.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: On March 3, 1875, the first recorded indoor ice hockey game took place at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Organized by James Creighton, who captained one of the teams, the game was between two nine - member teams, using a wooden 'puck'. Members used skates and sticks used for outdoor hockey and shinny games in Nova Scotia, where Creighton was born and raised. It is recognized as the first organized ice hockey game.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states should be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950 and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights. The European Court of Justice recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states' constitution became ever more apparent. In 1999 the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights, which could form the constitutional basis for the European Union and as such tailored specifically to apply to the European Union and its institutions. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on Fundamental Rights produced by the European Parliament in 1989 and European Union Treaties.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Delegates to the national convention were usually selected at state conventions whose own delegates were chosen by district conventions. Sometimes they were dominated by intrigue between political bosses who controlled delegates; the national convention was far from democratic or transparent. Progressive Era reformers looked to the primary election as a way to measure popular opinion of candidates, as opposed to the opinion of the bosses. Florida enacted the first presidential primary in 1901. The Wisconsin direct open primary of 1905 was the first to eliminate the caucus and mandate direct selection of national convention delegates. In 1910, Oregon became the first state to establish a presidential preference primary, which requires delegates to the National Convention to support the winner of the primary at the convention. By 1912, twelve states either selected delegates in primaries, used a preferential primary, or both. By 1920 there were 20 states with primaries, but some went back, and from 1936 to 1968, 12 states used them." ]	20 November 1989	[ "Passage 3", "Passage 5" ]
Who is the chief justice of the country containing the Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai District?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Chief Justice of the United States Seal of the U.S. Supreme Court Incumbent John Roberts since September 29, 2005 United States Supreme Court Federal judiciary of the United States Style Mr. Chief Justice (informal) Your Honor (when addressed in court) The Honorable (formal) Status Chief Justice Head of a court system Highest judicial officer Member of Supreme Court Judicial Conference Administrative Office of the Courts Seat Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. Appointer The President with Senate advice and consent Term length Life tenure Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Jay as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (September 26, 1789) Website www.supremecourt.gov\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The current Chief Justice is Sophia Akuffo. She succeeded Georgina Wood who was Ghana's first female Chief Justice. Akuffo was sworn in as Chief Justice by President Akufo - Addo on 19 June 2017.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: John Jay resigned as Chief Justice on June 29, 1795, after being elected Governor of New York. The subsequent nomination of John Rutledge as Chief Justice was rejected by a vote of 10 -- 14 on December 15, 1795. Rutledge's strident and vocal opposition to the Jay Treaty may have been the main reason for his rejection. Because he had been a recess appointment, Rutledge served as Chief Justice for one term. Washington nominated Associate Justice William Cushing to replace him as Chief Justice, but Cushing declined the role. Washington then successfully appointed Oliver Ellsworth to serve as the next Chief Justice.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Justice Dipak Misra (born 3 October 1953) is the Chief Justice of India. He is the 45th Chief Justice of India (CJI), succeeding the 44th CJI, Justice J.S. Khehar. He is a judge of the Supreme Court of India and a former Chief Justice of the Patna and Delhi High Courts. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Mishra, who was the 21st CJI during 1990 - 91. He hails from the State of Odisha.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The current Chief Justice is the Hon'ble Mr. Justice Mohammad Yaqoob Mir who took oath as Chief Justice on 21 May 2018.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The first Chief Justice was Sir Abdul Rashid. As of May 2018, the Chief Justice was Mian Saqib Nisar; incumbent since 31 December 2016.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: India's independent union judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries. The Supreme Court of India consists of the chief justice and 30 associate justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of the Chief Justice of India. The jury trials were abolished in India in the early 1960s, after the famous case KM Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra, for reasons of being vulnerable to media and public pressure, as well as to being misled.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Cayetano Arellano y Lonzón (March 2, 1847 – December 23, 1920) was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil Government. Cayetano Arellano had occupied a high position in Aguinaldo's government. He worked with the Americans under General Otis and re-establish the Audiencia Territorial, and renamed it the Supreme Court. He was Chief Justice from 1901 until his retirement on April 12, 1920, making him the longest serving Chief Justice.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada. It was created in 1875 by a law passed by the Parliament of Canada, the Supreme and Exchequer Court Act. Since 1949, the Court has been the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. Originally composed of six justices (the Chief Justice of Canada and five puisne justices), the Court was expanded to seven justices by the creation of an additional puisne justice position in 1927, and then to nine justices by the creation of two more puisne justice positions in 1949.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Sir James Beveridge Thomson, KBE, SMN, PMN, PJK (24 March 1902 – 31 March 1983), was a Scottish jurist and barrister who was the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Malaysia. He was also Chief Justice of Fiji." ]	Sophia Akuffo	[ "Passage 2" ]
When did Dora Annie Dicken's dad write his last book?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Charles Dickens first saw the mansion when he was 9 years old in 1821, when his father John Dickens told Charles that if he worked hard enough, one day he would own it or just such a house. As a boy, Charles Dickens would often walk from Chatham to Gads Hill Place as he wished to see it again and again as an image of his possible future. Dickens was later to write, ``I used to look at it as a wonderful Mansion (which God knows it is not) when I was a very odd little child with the first faint shadows of all my books in my head - I suppose. ''Thirty - five years later, after Dickens had risen to fame and wealth, he discovered that the house was for sale and bought it for £1790 in March 1856 from fellow writer Eliza Lynn (later known as novelist Mrs. Eliza Lynn Linton). Initially Dickens bought the house as an investment, intending to let it, but changed his mind and used it instead as a country retreat, moving into the house in June 1857.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Pilgrim at Tinker Creek is a 1974 nonfiction narrative book by American author Annie Dillard. Told from a first-person point of view, the book details an unnamed narrator's explorations near her home, and various contemplations on nature and life. The title refers to Tinker Creek, which is outside Roanoke in Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains. Dillard began writing \"Pilgrim\" in the spring of 1973, using her personal journals as inspiration. Separated into four sections that signify each of the seasons, the narrative takes place over the period of one year.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Dora Annie Dickens (16 August 1850 – 14 April 1851) was the infant daughter of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. She was the ninth of their ten children, and the youngest of their three daughters.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Team Umizoomi & Dora's Fantastic Flight is a video game crossover between \"Team Umizoomi\" and \"Dora the Explorer\" developed by Black Lantern Studios and published by Take-Two Interactive's 2K Play label for Nintendo DS in 2012.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens. The novel's full title is The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account). It was first published as a serial in 1849 -- 50, and as a book in 1850. Many elements of the novel follow events in Dickens's own life, and it is often considered his veiled autobiography. It was Dickens' favourite among his own novels. In the preface to the 1867 edition, Dickens wrote, ``like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favourite child. And his name is David Copperfield. ''The novel describes the journey of the protagonist David Copperfield; modeled after Dickens himself, from impoverished and miserable childhood to becoming a successful and famous author. Like some of his other novels, it contains disturbing descriptions of child abuse.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837) The Adventures of Oliver Twist (Monthly serial in Bentley's Miscellany, February 1837 to April 1839) The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (Monthly serial, April 1838 to October 1839) The Old Curiosity Shop (Weekly serial in Master Humphrey's Clock, April 1840 to November 1841) Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (Weekly serial in Master Humphrey's Clock, February to November 1841) A Christmas Carol (1843) The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (Monthly serial, January 1843 to July 1844) Dombey and Son (Monthly serial, October 1846 to April 1848) David Copperfield (Monthly serial, May 1849 to November 1850) Bleak House (Monthly serial, March 1852 to September 1853) Hard Times: For These Times (Weekly serial in Household Words, 1 April 1854, to 12 August 1854) Little Dorrit (Monthly serial, December 1855 to June 1857) A Tale of Two Cities (Weekly serial in All the Year Round, 30 April 1859, to 26 November 1859) Great Expectations (Weekly serial in All the Year Round, 1 December 1860 to 3 August 1861) Our Mutual Friend (Monthly serial, May 1864 to November 1865) The Mystery of Edwin Drood left unfinished due to Dickens's death (Monthly serial, April 1870 to September 1870)\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Sir Henry Fielding Dickens, KC (16 January 1849 – 21 December 1933) was the eighth of ten children born to English author Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. The most successful of all of Dickens's children, he was a barrister, a KC and Common Serjeant of London, a senior legal office which he held for over 15 years. He was also the last surviving child of Dickens.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Mount Dora Museum of Speed is located in Mount Dora, Florida in Lake County, Florida. Exhibits include American muscle cars, automobile memorabilia and an Americana collection.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Charles Strouse (born June 7, 1928) is an American composer and lyricist best known for writing the music to the musicals Bye Bye Birdie and Annie, amongst others.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Lake Dora is a seasonal salt lake located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It lies between the vegetated sand fields of the Great Sandy and Gibson Deserts. The Rudall River occasionally flows into Lake Dora." ]	April 1870 to September 1870	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 3" ]
Where does the snake river in the state where KMNV is located start?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: KMNV (1400 AM) is a radio station in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota that airs a Spanish-language music and entertainment format. KMNV's studios are located on 27th Avenue South and East Lake Street in Minneapolis. Its transmitter is located near the Mississippi River in St. Paul.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The hamlet Matawin River (popularly designated \"Mattawin\") is located on the east bank of the Saint-Maurice River, in Trois-Rives, in Mékinac Regional County Municipality, in Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. In the past, Matawin River was a municipality. Today, the territory of Matawin hamlet is a sector incorporated to the municipality of Trois-Rives.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: San Vincenzo al Volturno is a historic Benedictine monastery located in the territories of the Comunes of Castel San Vincenzo and Rocchetta a Volturno, in the Province of Isernia, near the source of the river Volturno in Italy. The current monastery, housing a group 8 benedictin nuns, is located to the east of the river, while the archaeological monastery of the early Middle Ages was located on the west.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Nyssa is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,267 at the 2010 census. The city is located along the Snake River on the Idaho border, in the region of far eastern Oregon known as the \"Treasure Valley\". It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Fall River rises on the Madison and Pitchstone plateaus in the southwest corner of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and flows approximately to its confluence with the Henrys Fork of the Snake River near Ashton, Idaho. Historically, the river was referred to as the Middle Fork of the Snake River or as Fall River or the Falls River by trappers and prospectors as early as the 1830s. It was officially named the Falls River by the 1872 Hayden Geological Survey, but was always called Fall River by the locals and so the U.S. Board on Geographic Names changed the official name to Fall River in 1997 at the request of Idaho authorities. The river is home to numerous waterfalls and cascades in its upper reaches.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Wind River is a river in Yukon, part of the Peel River watershed. It lies to the west of the Bonnet Plume and Snake Rivers.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:" ]	southern Aitkin County	[ "Passage 3" ]
What year did the country where the founder of Redpath Sugar lived have a devastation volcanic eruption which killed at least 2,000 people?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Kīlauea has been erupting nearly continuously since 1983 and has caused considerable property damage, including the destruction of the town of Kalapana in 1990. On May 3, 2018, several lava vents opened in the lower Puna area, downrift from the summit. The new volcanic episode was accompanied by a strong earthquake of M 6.9, and nearly 2,000 residents were evacuated from Leilani Estates and the adjacent Lanipuna Gardens development. By May 9, 2018, the eruption had destroyed 27 houses in the Leilani Estates subdivision. On May 17, 2018 at 4: 17 AM, the volcano explosively erupted, throwing ash 30,000 feet into the air.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter. The term volcanic ash is also often loosely used to refer to all explosive eruption products (correctly referred to as tephra), including particles larger than 2mm. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when dissolved gases in magma expand and escape violently into the atmosphere. The force of the escaping gas shatters the magma and propels it into the atmosphere where it solidifies into fragments of volcanic rock and glass. Ash is also produced when magma comes into contact with water during phreatomagmatic eruptions, causing the water to explosively flash to steam leading to shattering of magma. Once in the air, ash is transported by wind up to thousands of kilometers away.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Iverson Creek Volcano is an eroded volcanic outcrop in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is one of the volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province and last erupted in the Pleistocene period.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Little Iskut is an eroded volcanic outcrop in the Tahltan Highland of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is associated with the central portion of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex and last erupted during the Pliocene period.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Like the French before them, the British also used African slaves to work plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton and cocoa until full emancipation in 1838. The economy then went into a period of decline with many landowners abandoning their estates and leaving the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. Life was made even harder following two eruptions of the La Soufriere volcano in 1812 and 1902 when much of the island was destroyed and many people were killed. In 1979 it erupted again, this time with no fatalities. In the same year, St Vincent and The Grenadines gained full independence from Britain, while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: John Redpath (1796 – March 5, 1869) was a Scots-Quebecer businessman and philanthropist who helped pioneer the industrial movement that made Montreal, Quebec the largest and most prosperous city in Canada.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Mount Konocti probably first erupted some 350,000 years ago and last erupted 11,000 years ago. Mount Konocti has an explosive, eruptive history with devastating lava flows ending about 13,000 years ago that formed the mountains from Clearlake Oaks to Ukiah, all of which now are covered by trees so the ancient flows are really hard to find. Clear Lake is much older and is possibly the oldest securely dated lake in North America. Core samples taken by U.S. Geological Survey geologists in 1973 and 1980 have been dated to 480,000 years.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The loosely defined term ``supervolcano ''has been used to describe volcanic fields that produce exceptionally large volcanic eruptions. Thus defined, the Yellowstone Supervolcano is the volcanic field which produced the latest three supereruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot; it also produced one additional smaller eruption, thereby creating the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake 174,000 years ago. The three supereruptions occurred 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and approximately 630,000 years ago, forming the Island Park Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera, and Yellowstone calderas, respectively. The Island Park Caldera supereruption (2.1 million years ago), which produced the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, was the largest, and produced 2,500 times as much ash as the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption. The next biggest supereruption formed the Yellowstone Caldera (~ 630,000 years ago) and produced the Lava Creek Tuff. The Henry's Fork Caldera (1.2 million years ago) produced the smaller Mesa Falls Tuff, but is the only caldera from the Snake River Plain - Yellowstone hotspot that is plainly visible today.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: On May 22, 1915, a powerful explosive eruption at Lassen Peak devastated nearby areas, and spread volcanic ash as far as 280 miles (450 km) to the east. This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions from 1914 through 1917. Lassen Peak and Mount St. Helens were the only two volcanoes in the contiguous United States to erupt during the 20th century. Lassen Volcanic National Park, which encompasses an area of 106,372 acres (430.47 km), was created to preserve the areas affected by the eruption, for future observation and study, and to protect the nearby volcanic features. The park, along with the nearby Lassen National Forest and Lassen Peak itself, represent popular destinations for recreational activities including climbing, hiking, backpacking, snowshoeing, kayaking, and backcountry skiing. Lassen Peak is still considered active, and it continues to pose a threat to the nearby area through lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars (volcanically induced mudslides, landslides, and debris flows), ash, avalanches, and floods. To monitor this threat, Lassen Peak and the surrounding vicinity are closely monitored with sensors by the California Volcano Observatory.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley massif, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. The volcanic eruption of the Tseax Cone in 1775 was among Canada's worst natural disasters, killing an estimated 2,000 Nisga'a people and destroying their village in the Nass River valley of northern British Columbia. The eruption produced a 22.5-kilometre (14.0 mi) lava flow, and, according to Nisga'a legend, blocked the flow of the Nass River.Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills. In noncoastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s °C (70s °F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40 °C (104 °F)." ]	1775	[ "Passage 6", "Passage 10" ]
Who won the 2018 election in the country where Layang-Layangan is located?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The 2018 United States elections will mostly be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. 39 state and territorial governorships and numerous other state and local elections will also be contested.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Michigan gubernatorial election of 2018 will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Michigan, concurrently with the election of Michigan's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election, 2018 Date February 3, 2018 Convention Vancouver Resigning leader Christy Clark Won by Andrew Wilkinson Ballots 5 Candidates 6 Entrance Fee $60,000 Spending limit $600,000\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Kate Van Buskirk (born 1987) is an internationally accomplished cross-country runner, from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. She won bronze for Canada at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the 1500 m. She began hosting and producing the \"The Shakeout Podcast\" in 2018, for \"Canadian Running\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Mexican general election, 2018 ← 2012 1 July 2018 2024 → Turnout 63.43% (0.35%) Candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador Ricardo Anaya Party MORENA PAN Alliance Juntos Haremos Historia Por México al Frente Home state Tabasco Querétaro Popular vote 30,113,483 12,610,120 Percentage 53.19% 22.28% Candidate José Antonio Meade Jaime Rodríguez Calderón Party PRI Independent Alliance Todos por México None Home state Mexico City Nuevo León Popular vote 9,289,853 2,961,732 Percentage 16.41% 5.23% States won by López Obrador in red, Anaya in blue. President before election Enrique Peña Nieto PRI Elected President Andrés Manuel López Obrador MORENA\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Layang-Layangan is a small town in Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia. One of famous features is Surrender Point and Labuan Peace Park.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Dr Frank Themba Mdlalose was the first Premier of the newly renamed KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, after the African National Congress (ANC) won the country's first all-inclusive general election in April 1994.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Ontario general election, 2018 ← 2014 June 7, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 07) 43rd → ← outgoing members elected members → 124 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 63 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 58.4% (7.1 pp) First party Second party Leader Doug Ford Andrea Horwath Party Progressive Conservative New Democratic Leader since March 10, 2018 March 7, 2009 Leader's seat Etobicoke North Hamilton Centre Last election 28 seats, 31.25% 21 seats, 23.75% Seats before 27 18 Seats won 76 40 Seat change 49 22 Popular vote 2,324,742 1,925,512 Percentage 40.50% 33.56% Swing 9.25 pp 9.81 pp Third party Fourth party Leader Kathleen Wynne Mike Schreiner Party Liberal Green Leader since January 26, 2013 May 16, 2009 Leader's seat Don Valley West Guelph Last election 58 seats, 38.65% 0 seats, 4.84% Seats before 55 0 Seats won 7 Seat change 48 Popular vote 1,124,381 264,094 Percentage 19.59% 4.60% Swing 19.06 pp 0.24 pp Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Riding names are listed at the bottom. Premier before election Kathleen Wynne Liberal Premier - designate Doug Ford Progressive Conservative\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Pakistani general election, 2018 ← 2013 25 July 2018 Next → ← outgoing members elected members → All 342 seats in the National Assembly 172 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 51.6% (3.4 pp) First party Second party Third party Leader Imran Khan Shehbaz Sharif Bilawal Bhutto Zardari Party PTI PML (N) PPP Leader since 25 April 1996 6 March 2018 30 December 2007 Leader's seat Mianwali - I Lahore - X Larkana - I Last election 35 seats, 16.92% 166 seats, 32.77% 42 seats, 15.23% Seats won 149 / 342 82 / 342 54 / 342 Seat change 114 84 12 Popular vote 16,903,702 12,934,589 6,924,356 Percentage 31.82% 24.35% 13.03% Swing 14.90 pp 8.42 pp 2.29 pp Prime Minister before election Shahid Khaqan Abbasi PML (N) Elected Prime Minister Imran Khan PTI" ]	Pakatan Harapan	[ "Passage 6" ]
What county contains the neighborhood where Frank B. Fay died?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Wildcat Bus is a 1940 American action film directed by Frank Woodruff and written by Lou Lusty. The film stars Fay Wray, Charles Lang, Paul Guilfoyle, Don Costello and Paul McGrath. The film was released on August 23, 1940, by RKO Pictures.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral Tombstone in 1881 Date October 26, 1881 Location Tombstone, Arizona Territory, United States Participants Virgil, Morgan, and Wyatt Earp, and Doc Holliday vs. Tom and Frank McLaury, Billy and Ike Clanton, and Billy Claiborne Outcome Virgil and Morgan wounded, Holliday grazed; Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton killed Deaths\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Chelsea is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, directly across the Mystic River from the city of Boston. As of 2013, Chelsea had an estimated population of 36,828. It is also the second most densely populated city in Massachusetts behind Somerville. With a total area of just 2.21 square miles, Chelsea is the smallest city in Massachusetts in terms of total area.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Charles Edward Herbert (12 June 1860 – 21 January 1929) was an Australian politician and judge. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1900 to 1905, representing the electorate of Northern Territory. He was Government Resident of the Northern Territory from 1905 to 1910. He was then deputy chief judicial officer of the Territory of Papua (later Judge of the Central Court of Papua) from 1910 to 1928. This role saw him serve for extended periods on the Executive Council of Papua, and act as its Administrator and Lieutenant-Governor. During this period, he served as an acting judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in 1921. He was appointed Administrator of Norfolk Island in 1928, holding the position until his death in 1929.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada." ]	Suffolk County	[ "Passage 7" ]
When did the currencies of the country that holds the town of Macia first come into circulation?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Indian 500 - rupee banknote (₹500) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. The current ₹500 banknote, in circulation since November 10, 2016, is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series. The previous banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, in circulation between October 1997 and November 2016, were demonetised on November 8, 2016. On 13 June, 2017, The RBI will soon introduce new Rs. 500 notes, but the old ones will continue being legal tender. The design is similar to the current notes in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series, except they will come with an inset 'A'.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The South African rand (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the currency of South Africa. The rand is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: ``c ''). The ISO 4217 code is ZAR, from Dutch Zuid - Afrikaanse Rand (South African rand). The rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area between South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Namibia, although the latter three countries do have their own currencies.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: ISO 4217 is a standard first published by International Organization for Standardization in 1978, which delineates currency designators, country codes (alpha and numeric), and references to minor units in three tables:\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The dollar (currency code TTD) is the currency of Trinidad and Tobago. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively TT $to distinguish it from other dollar - denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents. Its predecessor currencies are the Trinidadian dollar and the Tobagan dollar.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Federal Reserve began taking high - denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. As of May 30, 2009, only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills. Due to their rarity, collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Florins (usually dated 1947 or later) remained in circulation after Decimal Day. In 1987, following a study of the currency, the Thatcher government announced its intent to issue a new ten pence piece, reduced in size. A smaller ten pence piece was issued in 1992, after which the old florin was demonetised on 30 June 1993. The florin, the first decimal coin, was the last coin in general circulation just prior to decimalisation to be withdrawn.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Indian rupee (sign: ₹; code: INR), is the official currency of the Republic of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 paise (singular paisa), though as of 2011, 25 paise is no longer considered legal tender. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management on the basis of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The rupee is named after the silver coin, rupiya, first issued by Sultan Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century and later continued by the Mughal Empire.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The metical (MZM) replaced the escudo at par on 16 June 1980. It was divided into 100 centavos. The metical underwent severe inflation. After the revaluation of the Romanian leu, the metical briefly became the least valued currency unit, at a value of about 24,500 meticais per USD, until the Zimbabwean dollar took the title in late August 2005.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and / or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes." ]	16 June 1980	[ "Passage 9" ]
In what field did the discoverer of natural selection work?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Barbara J. Grosz CorrFRSE (Philadelphia, July 21, 1948) is an American computer scientist and Higgins Professor of Natural Sciences at Harvard University. She has made seminal contributions to the fields of natural language processing and multi-agent systems.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague \"law of development\" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the \"Beagle\" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Leslie Lyness (born August 7, 1968 in Paoli, Pennsylvania) is a former field hockey midfielder from the United States, who was a member of the US women's team that finished fifth at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Her first selection came in 1990.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Terry Winters (born 1949, Brooklyn, NY) is an American painter, draughtsman, and printmaker whose nuanced approach to the process of painting has addressed evolving concepts of spatiality and expanded the concerns of abstract art. His attention to the process of painting and investigations into systems and spatial fields explores both non-narrative abstraction and the physicality of modernism. In Winters’ work, abstract processes give way to forms with real word agency that recall mathematical concepts and cybernetics, as well as natural and scientific worlds.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotle's works \"a turning point in the history of Western thought.\" After Aristotle re-emerged, a community of scholars, primarily communicating in Latin, accelerated the process and practice of attempting to reconcile the thoughts of Greek antiquity, and especially ideas related to understanding the natural world, with those of the church. The efforts of this \"scholasticism\" were focused on applying Aristotelian logic and thoughts about natural processes to biblical passages and attempting to prove the viability of those passages through reason. This became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Kenny Fields (born February 9, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1st round (21st overall) of the 1984 NBA Draft. A 6'5\" guard-forward from UCLA, Fields played in 4 seasons in the NBA from 1984-1988. He played for the Bucks and Los Angeles Clippers. His best year as a pro came during the 1986-87 season when he split time with the Bucks and Clippers, appearing in 48 games and averaging 8.2 ppg. Fields also played parts of two seasons in the Continental Basketball Association with three teams.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution." ]	bio	[]
When did the iPhone 6S Plus by the developer of Conflict Resolver come out?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They will be succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The iPhone 6S is powered by the Apple A9 system - on - chip, which the company stated is up to 70% faster than Apple A8, and has up to 90% better graphics performance. The iPhone 6S has 2 GB of RAM, more than any previous iPhone, and also supports LTE Advanced. The Touch ID sensor on the 6S was also updated, with the new version having improved fingerprint scanning performance over the previous version.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Conflict Resolver is an application used by Apple's sync services. Data can be synced between services like MobileMe and Gmail to devices like Macs, PCs, and mobile devices. The sync services are utilized by several applications including Address Book, iCal, Mail. Conflict Resolver is executed in the event that a sync service cannot decide on which version of the data to use, creating a conflict. The user is prompted to choose which version of the data to use (MobileMe or local) and whether the user wishes to apply the same changes to all conflicts or review them individually.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: iPhone 7 uses the Apple A10 Fusion 64 - bit system - on - chip, which consists of two low - power cores and two high - power cores (only two cores are used at any point in time). The A10 chip also features a hexa - core graphics chip capable of ``console - level gaming ''. As with prior models, iPhone 7 is available in two sizes: one with a 4.7 - inch screen, and a`` Plus'' variant with a 5.5 - inch screen. The displays have identical sizes and resolutions to iPhone 6S, but with a wider color gamut and increased brightness. The screen - to - body ratio is about ~ 66% and ~ 68% for the 7 and 7 Plus, respectively.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus (stylized and marketed as iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus) are smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 9, 2015, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, with pre-orders beginning September 12 and official release on September 25, 2015. The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were succeeded by the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus in September 2016.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017 and the upcoming iPhone X on November 3, 2017.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. Following a number of notable leaks, the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7, 2010, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, and was released on June 24, 2010, in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. It is the 4th generation of iPhone, succeeding the 3GS and preceding the 4S.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were moved to the midrange spot in Apple's iPhone lineup when the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in September 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued in most countries on September 7, 2016 when Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Their spot as the entry - level iPhone was replaced by the iPhone SE, which was released earlier on March 31, 2016. The iPhone 6 was relaunched with 32 GB of storage in Asian markets in February 2017 as a midrange / budget iPhone. It was later expanded to Europe, before hitting the US markets in May 2017, and Canada in July 2017.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017." ]	September 25, 2015	[ "Passage 3", "Passage 5" ]
When is the motorcycle rally in Sturgis in the state where Crazy Horse was born?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Rust Never Sleeps is a live album by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young and American band Crazy Horse. It was released on June 22, 1979, by Reprise Records. Most of the album was recorded live, then overdubbed in the studio. Young used the phrase \"rust never sleeps\" as a concept for his tour with Crazy Horse to avoid artistic complacency and try more progressive, theatrical approaches to performing live.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Full Throttle Saloon is an American reality television series that premiered on November 10, 2009, and originally aired on truTV. The series, which takes its name from the bar, chronicles the daily operations of the world's largest biker bar, Full Throttle Saloon, located in Sturgis, South Dakota was housed on 30 acres of land, which Michael Ballard purchased in 1999. The indoor/outdoor bar included several large stages, a burn-out pit, a tattoo parlor, zip lines, a wrestling ring, restaurants, dozens of stores, hundreds of cabins for rent, and parking for thousands of motorcycles. It was open from late March/early April until mid-November (weather permitting), and was busiest during the annual week-long Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. Each year, the first full week of August marks the beginning of the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, during which time, the Saloon could average 20,000 guests each night.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The 1998 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1998 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 3 May 1998 at the Circuito Permanente de Jerez.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The 1994 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1994 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 8 May 1994 at the Circuito Permanente de Jerez.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" is a song by Neil Young that describes the destruction caused by the heroin addiction of musicians he knew including his friend and Crazy Horse bandmate Danny Whitten. It previews the theme of the \"Tonight's the Night\" album that reflects Young's grief over the heroin overdose and death of both Whitten and Bruce Berry, a roadie for Young and Crazy Horse.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Sturgis Motorcycle Rally Motorcycles lined up on Main Street during the Sturgis motorcycle rally. Genre Motorcycle rally Dates First week in August Location (s) Sturgis, South Dakota, United States Founded August 14, 1938 (1938 - 08 - 14) Most recent August 4 - 13, 2017 Next event August 3 - 12, 2018 Attendance highest: 739,000 (2015) Website www.sturgismotorcyclerally.com\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Henry Standing Bear (``Mato Naji ''), an Oglala Lakota chief, and well - known statesman and elder in the Native American community, recruited and commissioned Polish - American sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski to build the Crazy Horse Memorial in the Black Hills of South Dakota. In October 1931, Luther Standing Bear, Henry's older brother, wrote sculptor Gutzon Borglum, who was carving the heads of four American presidents at Mount Rushmore. Luther suggested that it would be`` most fitting to have the face of Crazy Horse sculpted there. Crazy Horse is the real patriot of the Sioux tribe and the only one worthy to place by the side of Washington and Lincoln.'' Borglum never replied. Thereafter, Henry Standing Bear began a campaign to have Borglum carve an image of Crazy Horse on Mt. Rushmore. In summer of 1935, Standing Bear, frustrated over the stalled Crazy Horse project, wrote to James H. Cook, a long time friend of Chief Red Cloud's ``I am struggling hopelessly with this because I am without funds, no employment and no assistance from any Indian or White. ''\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The 1979 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1979 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 29 April 1979 at the Salzburgring circuit.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Ruth Carolyn Ziolkowski (née Ross; June 26, 1926 – May 21, 2014) was an American executive and CEO of the Crazy Horse Memorial, a South Dakota monument dedicated to Crazy Horse which was designed by her late husband, Korczak Ziolkowski.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk) (December 1, 1863 – August 19, 1950) was a wičháša wakȟáŋ (\"medicine man, holy man\") and heyoka of the Oglala Lakota people. He was a second cousin of the war leader Crazy Horse." ]	August 3 - 12, 2018	[ "Passage 9", "Passage 6" ]
What is the equivalent to the organization that appoints the members of the PCAOB within the country that Geomerics is based out of?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: VanAmerongen graduated from Utica College of Syracuse University and received her M.A. of Public Administration from Rockefeller College of the State University of New York at Albany. She began her career of public service in the New York State Assembly’s Program & Counsel staff, where she had oversight of a wide range of issues, including Housing, Consumer Affairs, Agriculture and Veterans Affairs.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Oscar Munoz (born January 1959) is an American businessman. He was named president and chief executive officer (CEO) of United Airlines on September 8, 2015. At the time of this appointment, Munoz had been serving as a member of the board of directors of parent company United Continental Holdings (UCH) since its formation with the 2010 merger between United and Continental. Munoz had been a member of Continental's board of directors since 2004.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Peter Tyndall is the Ombudsman, Information Commissioner, and Commissioner for Environmental Information of Ireland. As Ombudsman, he is ex-officio member of four important statutory oversight bodies: the Commission for Public Service Appointments, the Referendum Commission, the Constituency Commission and the Standards in Public Office Commission.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent US government agency with responsibilities for enforcing US labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices. Under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 it supervises elections for labor union representation and can investigate and remedy unfair labor practices. Unfair labor practices may involve union - related situations or instances of protected concerted activity. The NLRB is governed by a five - person board and a General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. Board members are appointed to five - year terms and the General Counsel is appointed to a four - year term. The General Counsel acts as a prosecutor and the Board acts as an appellate judicial body from decisions of administrative law judges.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Statutory audit refers to the audit based on the laws applicable on the entity for the time being in force. It is governed by the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind - AS) issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India from time to time. A Chartered accountant holding a certificate of practice in India is qualified to be a statutory auditor of an entity. It is mandatory for a company in India to get the Statutory Audit of its financial statements done according to the provisions of Companies Act 2013.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is a private, non-profit organization standard setting body whose primary purpose is to establish and improve generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the United States in the public's interest. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) designated the FASB as the organization responsible for setting accounting standards for public companies in the U.S. The FASB replaced the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' (AICPA) Accounting Principles Board (APB) on July 1, 1973.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: As of 2010, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has issued 32 Accounting Standards. These are numbered AS - 1 to AS - 7 and AS - 9 to AS - 32 (AS - 8 is no longer in force since it was merged with AS - 26). Compliance with accounting standards issued by ICAI has become a statutory requirement with the notification of Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 by the Government of India. Before the constitution of the National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (NACAS), the institute was the sole accounting standard setter in India. However NACAS is not an independent body. It can only consider accounting standards recommended by ICAI and advise the Government of India to notify them under the Companies Act, 2013. Further the Accounting Standards so notified are applicable only to companies registered under the companies act, 2013. For all other entities the accounting standards issued the ICAI continue to apply.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: There is no common name for securities commission or financial regulatory agency in each country. Naming has become more complicated as some governments have consolidated or merged organisations and given them a wider remit. They sometimes contain the term securities and commission. Such as the Securities and Exchange Commission of the US or Securities and Futures Commission (Hong Kong). A number also have names based on Financial Authority, such as the Financial Services Authority of the UK or Financial Supervisory Authority (Sweden) or variations such as the Financial Services Agency (Japan).\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC)." ]	Financial Services Authority	[ "Passage 9" ]
Of what church is the Diocese of the birthplace of Meehan Bonnar?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Diocese of Huron is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Ontario of the Anglican Church of Canada. The diocese comprises just over 31,000 square kilometres of the extreme south-western portion of the civil province of Ontario, sandwiched between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Its See city is London, and its parish rolls of 50,000 are served by 177 congregations.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Anglican Diocese of Rockhampton is a diocese in the Province of Queensland and one of the 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese covers an area of approximately 57 million hectares, roughly twice the size of New Zealand and four times the size of England and Wales. The diocese contains nearly the whole central regions of Queensland. The population of the diocese is 216,000 of whom approximately 48,000 indicate that they are Anglicans. The diocese has 20 parishes and ministry districts, with the largest parish bigger than the State of Victoria. The cathedral church of the diocese is St Paul's Cathedral in Rockhampton. The most recent Bishop of Rockhampton was the Right Reverend Godfrey Fryar who retired in December 2013.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Cathedral Church of St Michael, commonly known as Coventry Cathedral, is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry and the Diocese of Coventry, and is part of the Church of England in Coventry, West Midlands, England. The current (9th) bishop is Christopher Cocksworth and the current Dean is John Witcombe.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: In 1976 the Diocese of Newfoundland was reorganised and three autonomous dioceses were created: Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador, Central Newfoundland, and Western Newfoundland.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Christ Church Cathedral is an Episcopal cathedral located in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Western Massachusetts. In 1974 the cathedral was included as a contributing property in the Quadrangle–Mattoon Street Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Meehan Bonnar (born April 20, 1947, in Fredericton, New Brunswick) is a former professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted in the first round, 10th overall, by the Boston Bruins in the 1967 NHL Amateur Draft. He never played in the National Hockey League, however.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: 1984 is an opera by the American conductor and composer Lorin Maazel, with a libretto by J. D. McClatchy and Thomas Meehan. The opera is based on George Orwell's novel, \"Nineteen Eighty-Four.\" It premiered on 3 May 2005 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in a production directed by Robert Lepage.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Episcopal Church of the Epiphany of San Carlos, California, is a parish in the Episcopal Diocese of California, and part of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA). Within its community the parish is normally referred to as simply The Church of the Epiphany.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. The geographic boundaries of the diocese are the same as those of Worcester County, Massachusetts, the geographically largest county of the state of Massachusetts. It is headed by a bishop who has his see at the Cathedral of Saint Paul in the city of Worcester.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date." ]	Anglican Church of Canada	[ "Passage 6" ]
Garfield Peak in the same state as Ludlow is part of what mountain range?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Ludlow Monument is a granite memorial by sculptor Hugh Sullivan erected by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) at the Ludlow Tent Colony Site near Ludlow, Colorado in 1918 to honor the victims of the Ludlow massacre. It is located on County Road 44, about west of Interstate 25 (US 85, 87 & 160), at County Road 615.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Lavic Lake volcanic field is a volcanic field with extinct cinder cones in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The lava field, at elevation, and its cones are directly alongside historic Route 66 and from Interstate 40, between Barstow to the west and Ludlow to the east, and is located 10 miles directly west of Ludlow, California.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Ludlow is an unincorporated rural hamlet in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is located on Federal Highway 85 about 12 miles north of Buffalo, the Harding County seat, and 6 miles south of the North Dakota border. Although not tracked by the Census Bureau, Ludlow has been assigned the ZIP code of 57755.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: James Ludlow Elliot (17 June 1943 – 3 March 2011) was an American astronomer and scientist who, as part of a team, discovered the rings around the planet Uranus. Elliot was also part of a team that observed global warming on Triton, the largest moon of Neptune.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Garfield High School is a four-year public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades, located in Garfield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, operating as the lone secondary school of the Garfield Public Schools.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Gmina Sierpc is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Sierpc, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." ]	Sawatch Range	[]
What is the marginal rate of tax in the country with a coat of arms of a stringed agent, the way a lion is to the country they traveled to?	[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Since January 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax, while California has the highest state sales tax with a base rate of 7.25%. (The territory of Puerto Rico has a higher 10.5% value added tax since April 2016). In some states such as California, counties and cities impose additional sales taxes, and total sales taxes can be over 11%.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The United States Revenue Act of 1943 increased federal excise taxes on, among other things, alcohol, jewelry, telephones, and admissions, and raised the excess profits tax rate from 90% to 95%.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The rate for GST effective since 1 October 2010 is 15%. This 15% tax is applied to the final price of the product or service being purchased and goods and services are advertised as GST inclusive.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Married Man's allowance was the allowance for a legally married couple. The allowance was given at the man's highest rate of tax. During the early 1990s the then Chancellor Norman Lamont overhauled the allowance and introduced the 10% allowance, which meant that all men had the same amount of money in their pocket, irrespective of highest tax rate. The allowance was scrapped from April 2000, first being announced in Gordon Brown's 1999 budget, with the exception of people married or in civil partnerships where one spouse was born before 6 April 1935.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Originally introduced as a classical tax system, in which companies were subject to tax on their profits and companies' shareholders were also liable to income tax on the dividends that they received, the first major amendment to corporation tax saw it move to a dividend imputation system in 1973, under which an individual receiving a dividend became entitled to an income tax credit representing the corporation tax already paid by the company paying the dividend. The classical system was reintroduced in 1999, with the abolition of advance corporation tax and of repayable dividend tax credits. Another change saw the single main rate of tax split into three. Tax competition between jurisdictions reduced the main corporate tax rate from 28% in 2008 - 2010 to a flat rate of 20% as of April 2015.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom are \"Quarterly, I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or [for England]; II Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules [for Scotland]; III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent [for Ireland]\". The supporters are the Lion and the Unicorn; the motto is \"Dieu et mon droit\" (French: \"God and my Right\"). Surrounding the shield is a representation of a Garter bearing the motto of the Chivalric order of the same name; \"Honi soit qui mal y pense\". (Old French: \"Shame be to him who thinks evil of it\"). In Scotland, the monarch uses an alternative form of the arms in which quarters I and IV represent Scotland, II England, and III Ireland. The mottoes are \"In Defens\" (an abbreviated form of the Scots \"In My Defens God Me Defend\") and the motto of the Order of the Thistle; \"Nemo me impune lacessit\". (Latin: \"No-one provokes me with impunity\"); the supporters are the unicorn and lion, who support both the escutcheon and lances, from which fly the flags of Scotland and England.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Bank rate in India is determined by Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It is the rate at which RBI gives loan to commercial banks with collateral (RBI act 1934 sec. 49) The RBI also provides short term loans to its clients (keeping collateral) which is called the repo rate. RBI revises this rate periodically. However, there is no predetermined schedule. The repo rates are changed re-actively depending on the economy. Like other countries, repo rates affect the money flow into the nation's economy and affect the inflation and commercial banks' lending or interest rate The Indian bank rate is 6.25%, which is same as the rate for Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: California, from 1991 to 2012 and since 2017, has a base sales tax of 7.25% (composed of a 6% state tax and a 1.25% uniform local tax) -- the highest statewide sales tax rate in the nation. The tax can total up to 10.25% with local sales tax included, depending on the city in which the purchase is made. Sales and use taxes in the state of California are collected by the publicly elected Board of Equalization, whereas income and franchise taxes are collected by the Franchise Tax Board. Many cities have a combined total sales tax of at least 8.75%.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Queen Margaret and her son had fled to north Wales, parts of which were still in Lancastrian hands. They later travelled by sea to Scotland to negotiate for Scottish assistance. Mary of Gueldres, Queen Consort to James II of Scotland, agreed to give Margaret an army on condition that she cede the town of Berwick to Scotland and Mary's daughter be betrothed to Prince Edward. Margaret agreed, although she had no funds to pay her army and could only promise booty from the riches of southern England, as long as no looting took place north of the River Trent.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Currently, only 50% of realized capital gains are taxable in Canada at an individual's tax rate. Some exceptions apply, such as selling one's primary residence which may be exempt from taxation. Capital gains made by investments in a Tax - Free Savings Account (TFSA) are not taxed." ]	52%	[ "Passage 9", "Passage 6" ]

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