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36196111

Non-contact real-time detection of trace nitro-explosives by MOF composites visible-light chemiresistor.

To create an artificial structure to remarkably surpass the sensitivity, selectivity and speed of the olfaction system of animals is still a daunting challenge. Herein, we propose a core-sheath pillar (CSP) architecture with a perfect synergistic interface that effectively integrates the advantages of metal-organic frameworks and metal oxides to tackle the above-mentioned challenge. The sheath material, NH

36196113

Bioavailability of nanomaterials: bridging the gap between nanostructures and their bioactivity.

Instead of the nanostructure and biological activity, this perspective highlights the metabolic processes from biotransformation to bioavailability, to bridge the gap between the cradle (structure design) and endpoint (efficacy and/or safety) of nanomedicines.

36196114

Progress in the development of a fully implantable brain-computer interface: the potential of sensing-enabled neurostimulators.

This perspective article investigates the performance of using a sensing-enabled neurostimulator as a motor puter interface.

36196115

Nanotechnology for the management of COVID-19 during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era.

Following the global COVID-19 pandemic, nanotechnology has been at the forefront of research efforts and enables the fast development of diagnostic tools, vaccines and antiviral treatment for this novel virus (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we first summarize nanotechnology with regard to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, including nanoparticle-based techniques such as rapid antigen testing, and nanopore-based sequencing and sensing techniques. Then we investigate nanotechnology as it applies to the development of COVID-19 vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomaterials. We also highlight nanotechnology for the post-pandemic era, by providing tools for the battle with SARS-CoV-2 variants and for enhancing the global distribution of vaccines. Nanotechnology not only contributes to the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also provides platforms for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, vaccines and antiviral drugs of possible future virus outbreaks.

36196117

A critical review of mineral-microbe interaction and co-evolution: mechanisms and applications.

Mineral-microbe interactions play important roles in environmental change, biogeochemical cycling of elements and formation of ore deposits. Minerals provide both beneficial (physical and chemical protection, nutrients, and energy) and detrimental (toxic substances and oxidative pressure) effects to microbes, resulting in mineral-specific microbial colonization. Microbes impact dissolution, transformation and precipitation of minerals through their activity, resulting in either genetically controlled or metabolism-induced biomineralization. Through these interactions, minerals and microbes co-evolve through Earth history. Mineral-microbe interactions typically occur at microscopic scale but the effect is often manifested at global scale. Despite advances achieved through decades of research, major questions remain. Four areas are identified for future research: integrating mineral and microbial ecology, establishing mineral biosignatures, linking laboratory mechanistic investigation to field observation, and manipulating mineral-microbe interactions for the benefit of humankind.

36196118

The missing base molecules in atmospheric acid-base nucleation.

Transformation of low-volatility gaseous precursors to new particles affects aerosol number concentration, cloud formation and hence the climate. The clustering of acid and base molecules is a major mechanism driving fast nucleation and initial growth of new particles in the atmosphere. However, the acid-base position, measured using state-of-the-art mass spectrometers, cannot explain the measured high formation rate of new particles. Here we present strong evidence for the existence of base molecules such as amines in the smallest atmospheric sulfuric acid clusters prior to their detection by mass spectrometers. We demonstrate that forming (H

36196119

Cyclic-anion salt for high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries.

Electrolyte anions are critical for achieving high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries (PMBs). However, mon anions cannot simultaneously prevent the formation of 'dead K' and the corrosion of Al current collector, resulting in poor cycling stability. Here, we demonstrate cyclic anion of hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide-based electrolytes that can mitigate the 'dead K' and remarkably enhance the high-voltage stability of PMBs. Particularly, even using low salt concentration (0.8 M) and additive-free carbonate-based electrolytes, the PMBs with a high-voltage polyanion cathode (4.4 V) also exhibit excellent cycling stability of 200 cycles with a good capacity retention of 83%. This noticeable electrochemical performance is due to the highly efficient passivation ability of the cyclic anions on both anode and cathode surfaces. This cyclic-anion-based electrolyte design strategy is also suitable for lithium and sodium-metal battery technologies.

36196122

Shedding light on neurons: optical approaches for neuromodulation.

Today's optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving, benefiting from advances in photonics, genetics and materials science. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for neuromodulation. We begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural tissue. We then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules: conventional optical fibers, multifunctional fibers, optical waveguides, light-emitting diodes, upconversion nanoparticles, optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light, and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic fields. We conclude our review with an outlook on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.

36196124

Recurrent vaginal vault dehiscence and evisceration following total laparoscopic hysterectomy, successfully repaired with polypropylene mesh and sacrocolpopexy.

Recurrent vault dehiscence is a rare and potentially plication following hysterectomy. We report a rare case of recurrent vault dehiscence and evisceration following a total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) which was successfully repaired with polypropylene mesh and sacro-colpopexy. A 47-year-old multiparous woman underwent TLH for adenomyosis. During the surgery, vaginal wall was incised with monopolar diathermy and sutured with synthetic absorbable barbed suture in a single layer. She presented 12 weeks later with vault dehiscence and evisceration of omentum. Laparoscopically, eviscerated omental part was removed and the vaginal cuff was repaired vaginally with absorbable synthetic suture. She came with a recurrence in 3 months with vault dehiscence and a vault prolapse without any evisceration. She underwent laparoscopic mesh repair of the bined with laparoscopic Sacro-colpopexy plete recovery. Incidence of vault dehiscence is found to be higher in TLH than abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Treatment options for recurrent vault dehiscence involve strengthening the vault with tissues, or with a prosthesis.

36196125

Colonic lipoma of the hepatic flexure causing invagination in an adult.

Intussusception is a rare condition in adults that can lead to intestinal obstruction due to malignant or benign lesions in the wall of the colon. Among the benign causes, lipomas are adipose tissue tumors that are most frequently located in the ascending colon. Invagination is characterized by nonspecific symptoms and normal laboratory test results. The exact point of invagination can be detected using advanced imaging studies such as puted tomography and colonoscopy. Invagination is treated surgically. Here, we presented the case of a female patient with colo-colonic invagination caused by a large lipoma diagnosed puted tomography who underwent right hemicolectomy with primary ileocolonic anastomosis.

36196126

A rare case of oesophageal and gastric fundus necrosis following traumatic splenectomy.

Oesophageal and gastric fundus necrosis are rare clinical entities and have not previously been reported concurrently. This case study describes oesophageal and gastric fundus necrosis in a 71-year-old female who developed chest pain post-splenectomy for infected splenic haematoma in the context of a fall. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated oesophageal and gastric fundus necrosis. This was likely due to multiple factors orbidities, hypoperfusion, post-splenectomy state and herpes simplex virus oesophagitis. This finding is an important differential in the unwell patient with chest pain post-splenectomy and investigation with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy could be considered in the absence of another cause.

36196127

Multifocal synchronous renal cell carcinoma of three different histologic subtypes: unusual findings and literature review.

We present a case of three multifocal synchronous ipsilateral clear cell, papillary type 1 and papillary type 2 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with papillary type 2 RCC appearing bilaterally. With review of the literature, it was determined that multifocal synchronous RCC subtypes and bilateral renal tumors are both rare in occurrence.

36196128

Laparoscopic treatment of entero-neobladder fistula after radical cystectomy.

Entero-neovesical fistula is a plication of orthotopic ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy occurring in <2% of cases. Surgical treatment is usually required and includes open resection of the affected bowel tract and reconstitution of bowel transit. Here we present a case of a laparoscopic treatment of entero-to-neobladder fistula 8 years after laparoscopic radical cystectomy to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive treatment (Supplementary Video). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of minimally invasive treatment of entero-neobladder fistula.

36196129

Presentation and evaluation of an atypical, supraclavicular mass in a pediatric patient.

Although the vast majority of pediatric neck masses are benign, pediatric monly present in the supraclavicular region. We present the case of a 4-year-old male who presented with a mass in the trapezius muscle with panying lymphadenopathy. An extensive work-up was performed to exclude malignancy, and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a benign monocytic mass, which surgically excised. He has been doing well since surgery with no evidence of recurrence. A review of the literature revealed this case to be the first of its kind to be reported.

36196130

Amyand's hernia: non incarcerated, inflamed appendix in inguinal sac case report.

Inguinal hernia is described as protrusion of abdominal structures into inguinal canal, such as intestinal loop and abdominal fascia. Appendix rarely bulges into inguinal canal which is called Amyand's hernia. A 55-year-old diabetic male presented to an outpatient clinic with right inguinal bulging since 2 years ago which was non-tender, without erythema and became non reducible since 2 days ago. Also bulging worsened by physical activity. The patient went through operation and an inflamed appendix was found stuck in hernia sac. Non incarcerated inguinal hernia can be diagnosed with physical examination and there is no need of further imaging which makes it hard to diagnose the nature of protrusion. Amyand's hernia usually presents with pain due to appendicitis which mimics incarcerated hernia and makes it easier to suspect the etiology and request for further investigation. However in this case, pain was suppressed and this patient was candidate for elective inguinal herniotomy.

36196131

An abdominal ectopic pregnancy following

A significant rise in the incidence of abdominal pregnancy has been reported following

36196132

Application of self-made rubber drainage strip in the operation of giant lipoma.

Lipoma is mon benign soft-tissue tumor. Giant lipoma [1] is generally defined as more than 10 cm in length or more than 1000 g in weight. We report a 33-year-old patient with a giant lipoma in the left scapular region. We placed a self-made rubber drainage strip during the operation to control exudate, which is effective in improving incision effusion.

36196133

Multiple gallstones causing ileus twenty years after cholecystectomy.

Gallstone ileus is an important form of small bowel obstruction that occurs in less than 0.5% of patients who present with obstruction. A biliary enteric fistula that evolves in the setting of chronic cholecystitis may allow the passage of a large gallstone into the gastrointestinal tract distal to mon duct. A single stone that is sufficient in size (at least 2-2.5 cm diameter) may then create a mechanical obstruction, most often at the ileocecal valve or the terminal ileum where the intestinal lumen narrows, and where peristalsis is less robust. We present an unusual case of gallstone ileus in a patient whose obstruction was caused by not one, but seven individual gallstones, collectively restricted in the jejunum at the point of a previous anastomosis and occurring twenty years after cholecystectomy.

36196134

Floseal-induced small bowel obstruction.

Floseal is a haemostatic agent designed to augment the body's natural clotting cascade response. We describe the first case in over a decade, and the first case with intra-operative images of early post-operative small bowel obstruction (SBO) associated with Floseal use in general surgery. A previously well man in his 30s underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy for clinical acute appendicitis. Floseal was applied to the right lateral abdominal wall for haemostasis. He developed a mechanical SBO, with diagnostic laparoscopy confirming a transition point between the caecum and terminal ileum, adherent to the area of the previously applied Floseal. He underwent adhesiolysis and uneventful recovery. We propose Floseal may exacerbate early post-operative inflammation and provide a nidus for early adhesion formation. We mend removing excess Floseal not incorporated in the haemostatic clot and to consider Floseal as a differential in early post-operative SBO.

36196135

Primary cavernous hemangioma of the thyroid mimicking an ectopic cervical thymoma.

Hemangiomas are one of the mon soft tissue tumors, most of which are located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. However, a primary thyroid hemangioma is extremely infrequent, so there are only a few cases described in the current literature. As the clinical presentation and characteristics in the imaging tests are non-specific, it is difficult to obtain a preoperative diagnosis. In most cases, the definitive diagnosis is achieved by the histological examination. Due to the rarity of this tumor, we described the case of a 51-year-old female patient affected by thyroid cavernous hemangioma, the differential diagnosis that we considered and a review of the current literature.

36196136

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a Zenker diverticulum.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in a Zenker diverticulum (ZD) is an extremely rare entity. Approximately 50 cases have been reported worldwide. We report a case of a 74-year-old man who presented to our institution with chronic regurgitation, dysphagia and halitosis. The patient was initially seen in 2015 at which point he reported a 10-year history of these symptoms and was diagnosed with ZD. A barium swallow was done revealing a large posterior esophageal diverticulum with significant residual contrast within the diverticulum lumen. Given these findings, he was taken for open surgical excision where a SCC was identified. Although it is extremely rare for a SCC to occur in a ZD, patients with ZD must undergo regular surveillance endoscopy of the esophagus and the diverticulum itself to identify any suspicious mass or lesion arising in within.

36196137

Surgical resection of arteriovenous malformation of the pancreatic head with acute pancreatitis: a case report.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are mon in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the pancreas. AVMs plications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, portal hypertension and pancreatitis. Therefore, a treatment strategy is not yet established. Surgical treatment or transcatheter arterial embolization is performed in patients with AVM, considering their conditions. A 54-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis due to AVM of the pancreatic head using puted tomography. Endoscopic ultrasonography further revealed meandering blood vessels in the pancreatic head. The patient underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histological examination revealed AVM of the pancreatic head with chronic pancreatitis. The patient had a good postoperative clinical course and was discharged on postoperative day 22. He remained asymptomatic. Pancreaticoduodenectomy can be considered an effective treatment method for selected cases of symptomatic AVM of the pancreatic head.

36196138

Study of a Nonlinear System of Fractional Differential Equations with Deviated Arguments Via Adomian Decomposition Method.

This paper studies a system of nonlinear fractional differential equations (FDEs) with deviated arguments. Many linear and nonlinear problems are faced in the real-life. Generally, linear problems are solved quickly, but some difficulties appear while solving nonlinear problems. Our purpose is to approximate those solutions numerically via the Adomian position method (ADM). Here, our main goal is to apply the ADM to solve higher-order nonlinear system of FDEs with deviated arguments. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution using Banach contraction principle. Moreover, we plot the figures of ADM solutions using MATLAB.

36196139

Undetectable vitamin D

Vitamin D requirements for most animals are expected to be fulfilled through daily exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet B radiation. The synthesis of vitamin D

36196140

Concentration of cephalothin in body fluids and tissue samples of Thoroughbred horses.

Cephalothin (CET) concentrations in body fluids (plasma, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and aqueous humor) and tissue samples (bone, lung, jejunum, hoof, and subcutaneous tissue) were investigated to consider the treatment of infectious diseases in horses. CET 22 mg/kg body weight was intravenously administered to 12 horses. Samples were collected from four different horses at 1, 3, and 5 hr after administration. The CET concentration in body fluids other than aqueous humor was maintained above the MIC

36196141

Serum proteins and electrophoretic profile in horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization.

Indisputably, the use of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming is beneficial for the victims. However, there are few studies addressing the effect of long-term hyperimmunization in inoculated horses. It is known that the injection of snake venoms and adjuvants leads to local and systemic reactions in horses, but little is known about the response of inflammatory proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum proteins and the electrophoretic profile of horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization. Twenty horses were divided into two groups: an inoculated prising ten horses that were already being used for production of a Crotalus sp. antivenom, and a control prising ten animals that had never been used for hyperimmunization. All animals were clinically healthy and without laboratory abnormalities. Total protein and albumin concentrations were measured in serum. Serum globulins were obtained by calculation. Plasma fibrinogen estimates were determined by the heat precipitation method. Serum proteinograms were obtained using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed a significant increase in the concentrations of total serum proteins, globulins, and β-globulins in the inoculated group, exceeding the reference values. There were slight increases in the α-1- and α-2-globulin subfractions in serum-producing horses, with no statistical significance. We also observed that horses used to produce hyperimmune plasma developed hypoalbuminemia, although the decrease in albumin production was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that the continuous use of horses to produce crotalid antivenom may lead to a chronic inflammatory stimulus, with changes in plasma levels of inflammatory proteins.

36196142

Videodermoscopic examination of the skin and its products in purebred Arabian horses in the summer season.

Videodermoscopy is a method that enables the examination of many parameters of the skin and its structures. The aim of this study was to assess specific dermoscopic parameters in purebred Arabian horses during the summer. The study involved 21 clinically healthy purebred Arabian horses (18 mares and three stallions) that had not been used for breeding and were 1 to 25 years old. The videoderoscopic evaluation was performed on seven selected areas of the body: forehead, mane, neck, chest, flank, rump, and tail. The tests were carried out with Vidix and Olympus cellSens specialised software. Videodermoscopy revealed that the skin was pigmented in all of the bay horses, in one of the seal brown horses, and in the 10 grey horses. Only one grey horse and one chestnut horse had unpigmented skin. Hair thickness ranged from 44.82 µm (neck) to 75 µm (mane). Regarding the amount of hair in the field of view, the highest and lowest numbers of hairs were found on the neck (3,004) and mane (990), respectively. A valuable insight obtained from our research is that it is possible to use digital image analysis for precise quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the skin and its structures.

36196143

Combination of TyG Index and GRACE Risk Score as Long-Term Prognostic Marker in Patients with ACS Complicated with T2DM Undergoing PCI.

We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) bined the with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

36196145

Baicalin Alleviates Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway-Mediated Proptosis in vitro.

To investigate the effect of baicalin on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/ NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1/gasdermin-D (GSDMD) inflammasome pathway and its related mechanism in regulating pyroptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) induced by contrast media.

36196146

Inappropriate subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock due to incomplete sealing of the seal plug: a case report.

A subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) has several advantages over the transvenous ICD, including a reduced risk of lead-related plications and infection. However, inappropriate shock therapy is one of the mon adverse events associated with S-ICDs. We herein report a case of inappropriate shock therapy of S-ICD due to plete sealing of the seal plug.

36196147

Erratum:

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac260.].

36196144

Perspectives of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Reddit: Comparative Natural Language Processing Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.

Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, the disease has had an unprecedented impact worldwide. Social media such as Reddit can serve as a resource for enhancing situational awareness, particularly regarding monitoring public attitudes and behavior during the crisis. Insights gained can then be utilized to better understand public attitudes and behaviors during the COVID-19 crisis, and to munication and health-promotion messaging.

36196148

Inferior vena cava filter limb embolization to the right ventricle: a case report.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients at a high risk for venous thromboembolism with a contraindication to anticoagulation. Inferior vena cava filters are associated with rare but significant plications such as filter fracture and embolization.

36196149

Intradiscal injection of human recombinant BMP-4 does not reverse intervertebral disc degeneration induced by nuclectomy in sheep.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is suggested as a major cause of chronic low back pain (LBP). Intradiscal delivery of growth factors has been proposed as a promising strategy for IVD repair and regeneration. Previously, BMP-4 was shown to be more potent in promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) production than other BMPs and TGF-β in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, suggesting its applicability for disc regeneration.

36196150

ECFC-derived exosomal THBS1 mediates angiogenesis and osteogenesis in distraction osteogenesis via the PI3K/AKT/ERK pathway.

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a widely used bone regenerative technique. However, the DO process is slow, and the consolidation phase is long. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore the mechanism of DO, and shorten its duration. Recent studies reported that stem cell exosomes may play an important role in promoting angiogenesis related to DO, but the mechanism remains unclear.

36196151

Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic function.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in enhanced bone fragility and related fractures. The postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has a relatively high proportion, and numerous studies reveal that estrogen-deficiency is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota (GM), impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function and enhanced inflammatory reactivity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and the existing interventions are also scarce.

36196152

Irisin promotes fracture healing by improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are important for bone fracture healing. Irisin is a muscle-derived monokine that is associated with bone formation.

36196159

DIAGNOSTIC ERROR IN THE UNITED STATES: A SUMMARY OF THE REPORT OF A NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE COMMITTEE.

This review article summarizes the conclusions of the National Academy of mittee on diagnostic error. mittee deliberated during five in-person meetings and during numerous conference calls between April 2014 and April 2015. At three of the meetings, mittee invited multiple speakers to inform its deliberations. The 21 members of mittee represented a broad range of expertise related in some way to diagnostic errors, their potential causes, or their consequences. The members' specialized knowledge included patient safety, health care quality and measurement, patient engagement, health policy, health care professional education, cognitive psychology, health disparities, human factors and ergonomics, health information technology, decision analysis, nursing, radiology, anatomic pathology, laboratory medicine (clinical pathology), law, and health economics.

36196164

INSIGHTS INTO THE REGULATION OF MAST CELL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 INFLAMMATION.

Type 2 inflammation (T2I) underlies the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Mast cells (MCs) are tissue resident hematopoietic effector cells thought to play major roles in T2I. Two subtypes of human MCs are recognized based on immunohistochemical differences. MCs expressing tryptase but not chymase (MC

36196169

BIOMARKERS IN THE ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), originally described in 1967, affects more than 3 million individuals each year throughout the world and accounts for approximately 10% of all admissions to the intensive care unit. Despite substantial progress in defining the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome, there is no specific treatment and mortality rates remain high. Barriers to finding specific therapeutic interventions include the inability to predict who will get ARDS, inadequate definitions and specific diagnostic markers, the heterogeneity of the patient plexities of the pathogenesis, and the impact of clinical care. Measurements of biomarkers have identified these barriers as well as contributed to the current understanding of the disease. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a dramatic increase in patients with ARDS, driving an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and develop and implement therapeutic interventions. Past studies of biomarkers in ARDS can provide insight that could help to meet those needs more rapidly.

36196170

DRUGGING "UNDRUGGABLE" DISEASE-CAUSING PROTEINS: FOCUS ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (STAT) 3.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 has been assigned to the group of "undruggable" disease-causing proteins, despite its containing a Src-homology (SH) 2 domain, a potential Achilles' heel that has eluded successful targeting by academic and pharmaceutical groups over the past 30 years. Based on mutational and modeling studies, our group developed a unique virtual ligand screening strategy targeting the STAT3 SH2 domain that was coupled to robust biochemical and cellular assays and structure-based medicinal chemistry and led to the identification of TTI-101. TTI-101 represents one of the most advanced, direct, small-molecule inhibitors of an SH2 domain-containing, disease-causing protein in clinical development. TTI-101 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1 study to determine safety and tolerability in addition to pharmacodynamic effects and efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors.

36196171

NHLBI ASTHMA NETWORKS: IMPROVING PATIENT CARE, MOVING TOWARD PERSONALIZED MEDICINE.

The first NHLBI Clinical Trials Research Network was the Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN 1), which was born in 1993 to perform multiple controlled clinical trials for asthma: "… dispassionately examine new & existing therapies for asthma" and "… municate findings to munity," and therefore, to perform clinical trials panies could not or would not do. Among the many areas studied by the ACRN and its successor networks, through 2019, was how to effectively and safely use long-acting beta-agonists and to find novel alternatives for them. In its Tiotropium Add-On Trial (TALC) trial, the ACRN demonstrated that tiotropium as add on-therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was effective and non-inferior to long-acting beta-agonist add on-therapy. During the lifetime of the clinical trial networks (1993-2020), 71 manuscripts including 25 major clinical trials were published, many which have laid the groundwork for precision approaches for asthma therapy and the now ongoing PrecISE Asthma Network.

36196172

RENALASE: DISCOVERY, BIOLOGY, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS.

While investigating the mechanisms that could mediate the significant burden of plications observed in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD), we identified a previously unknown protein, which we named renalase (RNLS). Over the past 15 years, our understanding of the biology, physiology, and pathophysiology of RNLS has matured. Here we aim to highlight that RNLS is a bifunctional protein. It metabolizes intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), modulates mitochondrial function, and protects energy metabolism. When secreted outside the cell, independent of its enzymatic properties, it functions as a signaling molecule that mediates resistance to stressful stimuli and promotes cell and organ survival. RNLS has been shown to modulate the severity of acute injury to the pancreas, liver, kidney, and heart. It also protects against the development of chronic injury, and here we highlight the potential use of exogenous RNLS peptide agonists to prevent cisplatin-mediated CKD (CP-CKD).

36196173

THE JEREMIAH METZGER LECTURE:VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE: INSIGHTS INTO OXYGEN SENSING, CANCER AND DRUGGING THE UNDRUGGABLE.

Germline

36196176

IMMUNOEDITING IN AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES.

The striking association of specific autoantibodies with distinct disease phenotypes and trajectories in human autoimmune rheumatic diseases provides a powerful opportunity to interrogate disease mechanism. In scleroderma, a subgroup of patients with autoantibodies to POLR3 have coincident onset of cancer and scleroderma. The majority of these patients have genetic changes (somatic mutations and loss of heterozygosity) in the POLR3A gene in their matched cancers, coupled with immune responses directed against the mutated and wild type autoantigen. In some individuals with scleroderma or dermatomyositis where specific immune responses mark a high risk of emergent cancer, cancer does not emerge. Such patients have a broader immune response that targets additional autoantigens, suggesting that the breadth and magnitude of the immune response regulates cancer, and that the rheumatic diseases provide a unique window into natural immunoediting of cancer in humans. This has implications for prediction and therapy in both autoimmunity and cancer.

36196177

CHANGE LEADERSHIP AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT: CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER A PANDEMIC.

Washington University School of Medicine has not undergone substantive curricular change for 25 years. In 2018, we embarked on a curriculum transformation project informed by the change leadership principles of James Kotter and William Bridges. This included developing a structured process to create a sense of urgency for why we needed to change, building coalitions to support change, and developing pelling vision across multiple stakeholder groups. Implementation work began in 2019 with a planned curriculum start of July 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted these plans. Employing the Cynefin framework for decision making and guided by our core principles, we were able to launch the new curriculum in September 2020. In this paper, I will describe the principles underpinning our curriculum transformation, how the Cynefin framework allowed us to move forward productively during the COVID-19 crisis, and the impact COVID-19 had, both positively and negatively, on the curriculum transformation process.

36196180

PRIMARY STROKE PREVENTION IN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA LIVING IN AFRICA: THE FALSE CHOICE BETWEEN PATIENT-ORIENTED RESEARCH AND HUMANITARIAN SERVICE-PART II.

In the United States, primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the standard of care and includes annual transcranial Doppler ultrasound to detect elevated velocities. For children with velocities ≥200 cm/sec, initial monthly blood transfusion therapy for at least a year, followed by the option of hydroxyurea therapy, results in a significant decline in the stroke rate. In Africa, no prior strategy exists for primary stroke prevention because regular blood transfusion therapy is not feasible. pleted a randomized controlled trial for primary stroke prevention using initial low- and moderate-dose hydroxyurea as an alternative to blood transfusion therapy. The trial results demonstrated equal primary stroke prevention efficacy with both doses. After the trial, we provided a state-supported stroke screening service and treatment for over 20,000 children in Kano, Nigeria. We will review the strategies implemented to conduct clinical research and provide humanitarian assistance to children with SCA in Nigeria.

36196185

THE SCHOLARSHIP OF HEINRICH STERN,OF PHYSICIANS AND OSLER'S LESSER-KNOWN CONTEMPORARY: A REVIEW FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE.

Heinrich Stern, a German immigrant, attended medical school in the United States, established a practice in Manhattan, and became a prominent clinician, an influential scholar, a medical journal founder and editor, and the founder of a number of medical organizations, including the American College of Physicians. He was said to be a prolific author, but there has been no prior systematic review of his publications. All known primary publications are reviewed and placed in the context of the medical milieu of his time.

36196186

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV.

People living with HIV are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This report summarizes our work demonstrating associations between HIV and multiple subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Some of this risk appears to be related to heightened immune activation and system inflammation that is present in people living with HIV even when there is an undetectable viral load.

36196189

LEUKOCYTE-EPITHELIAL INTERACTIONS: A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD THAT PROTECTS AND INJURES DURING HEALTH AND DISEASE.

Neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in innate immunity, yet many pathologic conditions are associated with dysregulated infiltration of PMNs into tissues. In the gut, robust PMN accumulation and migration across the intestinal epithelium closely correlates with clinical symptoms in conditions such as ulcerative colitis. While much is known about how PMNs migrate out of blood vessels, far less is understood about how PMNs traverse epithelial barriers. Until fairly recently,

36196192

THE ABCDE'S OF PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

The growing burden of obesity, smoking, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary habits fuels cardiovascular disease. In 2015, the rates of cardiovascular disease in the United States rose for the first time after decades of steady decline. bat this rising trend, there is a great need to emphasize primary cardiovascular prevention. In this review, we provide a summary of the current primary prevention mendations using a simplified ABCDE approach. The aim is to help clinicians utilize an easy-to-use, structured approach to primary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.

36196201

CIGARETTE SMOKING INCREASES THE RISK OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.

Cigarette smoking (CS) remains a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality, despite recent progress in smoking cessation in the United States. Epidemiologic studies in humans have reported associations between CS and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after a number of inciting risk factors. We have assessed the effects of CS exposure on lung vascular permeability and inflammation in mice and found that both acute and sustained CS exposure increased the severity of acute lung injury caused by subsequent intrapulmonary instillation of lipopolysaccharide. In addition to enhanced inflammation, CS exposure directly impaired lung endothelial cell barrier function. Our results indicate that mouse strains differ in susceptibility to CS exacerbation of acute lung injury and that there are differences in transcriptomic effects of CS. These results demonstrate the biologic basis for the association of CS with development of ARDS. We propose that CS be considered a cause of heterogeneity of ARDS phenotypes and that this be recorded as a risk factor in the design of clinical trials.

36196211

Accessibility of COVID-19 Websites of Asian Countries: An Evaluation Using Automated Tools.

Web accessibility helps in making the websites accessible for all. There has been too much research on the accessibility of websites across different domains such as education, health, banking, route services, Government portals, literature, etc. In this research, we have tried to explore the much less investigated domain of the accessibility analysis of COVID-19 vaccine registration and information websites of Asian Countries. The analysis has been done based on WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 guidelines. The evaluation has been done using automated tools including Access Monitor and AChecker. The results indicate that only 62% of the websites have passed the accessibility score. We have also mon errors in these websites and have given mendations for improvement.

36196212

Identifying key challenges and needs in digital mental health moderation practices supporting users exhibiting risk behaviours to develop responsible AI tools: the case study of Kooth.

Digital platforms for mental health and wellbeing purposes have e mon to help users exhibiting risk behaviours (e.g. self-harming, eating-related disorders) across all ages, opening new frontiers in supporting vulnerable users. This study stems from a larger project, which explores how responsible AI solutions can up-scale existing manual moderation approaches and better target interventions for young people who ask for help or engage in risk behaviours online. This research aims to better understand the challenges and needs of moderators and digital counsellors, i.e. the 'behind the scenes'. Through this case study, the authors intend to contribute to the development of responsible AI tools that are fit for purpose and better understand the challenges. The key focus lies on , the UK's leading free online confidential service offering counselling and emotional wellbeing support to young people in the UK through its online web-based and pseudo-anonymous digital platform.

36196213

Automated generation of consistent models using qualitative abstractions and exploration strategies.

Automatically synthesizing consistent models is a key prerequisite for many testing scenarios in autonomous driving to ensure a designated coverage of critical corner cases. An inconsistent model is irrelevant as a test case (e.g., false positive); thus, each synthetic model needs to simultaneously satisfy various structural and attribute constraints, which plex geometric constraints for traffic scenarios. While different logic solvers or dedicated graph solvers have recently been developed, they fail to handle either structural or attribute constraints in a scalable way. In the current paper, bine a structural graph solver that uses partial models with an SMT-solver and a quadratic solver to automatically derive models which simultaneously fulfill structural and numeric constraints, while key theoretical properties of model generation pleteness or diversity are still ensured. This necessitates a sophisticated bidirectional interaction between different solvers which carry out consistency checks, decision, unit propagation, concretization steps. Additionally, we introduce custom exploration strategies to speed up model generation. We evaluate the scalability and diversity of our approach, as well as the influence of customizations, in the context of plex case studies.

36196214

Live process modeling with the BPMN Sketch Miner.

BPMN Sketch Miner is a modeling environment for generating visual business process models starting from constrained natural language textual input. Its purpose is to support business process modelers who need to rapidly sketch visual BPMN models during interviews and design workshops, where participants should not only provide input but also give feedback on whether the sketched visual model represents accurately what has been described during the discussion. In this article, we present a detailed description of the BPMN Sketch Miner design decisions and list the different control flow patterns supported by the current version of its textual DSL. We also summarize the user study and survey results originally published in MODELS 2020 concerning the tool usability and learnability and present a new performance evaluation regarding the visual model generation pipeline under actual usage conditions. The goal is to determine whether it can support a rapid model editing cycle, with live synchronization between the textual description and the visual model. This study is based on a benchmark including a large number of models (1350 models) exported by users of the tool during the year 2020. The main results indicate that the performance is sufficient for a smooth live modeling user experience and that the end-to-end execution time of the text-to-model-to-visual pipeline grows linearly with the model size, up to the largest models (with 195 lines of textual description) found in the benchmark workload.

36196215

The hyperbolic Anderson model: moment estimates of the Malliavin derivatives and applications.

In this article, we study the hyperbolic Anderson model driven by a space-time

36196216

Model Catalysis with HOPG-Supported Pd Nanoparticles and Pd Foil: XPS, STM and C

A surface science based approach was applied to model carbon supported Pd nanoparticle catalysts. Employing physical vapour deposition of Pd on sputtered surfaces of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), model catalysts were prepared that are well-suited for characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Analysis of the HOPG substrate before and after ion-bombardment, and of Pd/HOPG before and after annealing, revealed the number of "nominal" HOPG defects (~ 10

36196217

Biomaterials science and engineering to address unmet needs in women's health.

Medical conditions that primarily or disproportionately affect women have historically been poorly studied. In contrast to the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems, there is no lengthy record of biomaterials research addressing women's health needs. In this article, the historical reasons for this discrepancy are examined. The anatomy of both the nonpregnant and pregnant reproductive tissues is reviewed, including the ovaries, uterus, and (fetal) placenta. Examples of biomaterials-related women's health research are described, including tissue engineering, organoids, and microphysiological systems. The future of the field is considered with dual focuses. First, there is a significant need for novel approaches to advance women's health through materials and biomaterials, particularly plex biomimetic hydrogels. Second, there is an exciting opportunity to enlarge munity of biomaterials scientists and engineers working in women's health to encourage more contributions to its rapidly emerging product development pipeline.

36196218

Determinants of information communication and smart home automation technology adoption for aging-in-place.

Smart home (SH) internet of things can promote home safety, health monitoring and independence of older adults to age-in-place. Despite mercial growth, low adoption rates of the technology among aging consumers remain a major barrier. The purpose of this study is to examine SH technology ownership of older adults and its causal pathways with demographics, health and functioning, home safety and munication technology (ICT) use.

36196220

Culture and Quality Matter in Building Effective Mentorship Relationships with Native STEM Scholars.

Native peoples (Native American, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian) are underrepresented in academia; they represent 2% of the US population but 0.01% of enrolled undergraduate students. Native peoples share the experiences of colonization and forced assimilation, resulting in the loss of ancestral knowledge, language, and cultural identity. Recognizing history and the literature on social integration and mentorship, we followed 100 Native science and engineering scholars across a year of participation in the hybrid American Indian Science and Engineering Society mentorship program. The results showed that high-quality faculty mentorship predicted persistence a year later. Furthermore, mentors who shared knowledge of Native culture-through experience or shared heritage-uniquely contributed to the Native scholars' social integration and persistence through munity values in particular. Therefore, Native scholars may benefit from mentorship supporting the integration of their Native culture and discipline rather than assimilation into the dominant disciplinary culture.

36196221

Overcoming Language Barriers in Academia: Machine Translation Tools and a Vision for a Multilingual Future.

Having a central scientific language remains crucial for advancing and globally sharing science. Nevertheless, maintaining one dominant language also creates barriers to accessing scientific careers and knowledge. From an interdisciplinary perspective, we describe how, when, and why to make scientific literature more readily available in multiple languages through the practice of translation. We broadly review the advantages and limitations of neural machine translation systems and propose that translation can serve as both a short- and a long-term solution for making science more resilient, accessible, globally representative, and impactful beyond the academy. We outline actions that individuals and institutions can take to support multilingual science and scientists, including structural changes that encourage and value translating scientific literature. In the long term, improvements to machine translation technologies and collective efforts to change academic norms can transform a monolingual scientific hub into a multilingual scientific network. Translations are available in the supplemental material.

36196222

Digital Extended Specimens: Enabling an Extensible Network of Biodiversity Data Records as Integrated Digital Objects on the Internet.

The early twenty-first century has witnessed massive expansions in availability and accessibility of digital data in virtually all domains of the biodiversity sciences. Led by an array of asynchronous digitization activities spanning ecological, environmental, climatological, and biological collections data, these initiatives have resulted in a plethora of mostly disconnected and siloed data, leaving to researchers the tedious and time-consuming manual task of finding and connecting them in usable ways, integrating them into coherent data sets, and making them interoperable. The focus to date has been on elevating analog and physical records to digital replicas in local databases prior to elevating them to ever-growing aggregations of essentially disconnected discipline-specific information. In the present article, we propose a new interconnected network of digital objects on the Internet-the Digital Extended Specimen (DES) network-that transcends existing aggregator technology, augments the DES with third-party data through machine algorithms, and provides a platform for more efficient research and robust interdisciplinary discovery.

36196223

The Impact of Field Courses on Undergraduate Knowledge, Affect, Behavior, and Skills: A Scoping Review.

Field courses provide transformative learning experiences that support success and improve persistence for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors. But field courses have not increased proportionally with the number of students in the natural sciences. We conducted a scoping review to investigate the factors influencing undergraduate participation in and the es from field courses in the United States. Our search yielded 61 articles, from which we classified the knowledge, affect, behavior, and skill-based es resulting from field course participation. We found consistent reporting on course design but little reporting on demographics, which limits our understanding of who takes field courses. Cost was the monly reported barrier to student participation, and knowledge gains were the monly reported e. This scoping review underscores the need for more rigorous and evidence-based investigations of student es in field courses. Understanding how field courses support or hinder student engagement is necessary to make them more accessible to all students.

36196224

Air pollution and public health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Over the years, air pollution has garnered increased attention from researchers who continue to provide studies and suggestive data that prove there is an ever-increasing risk of air pollution on the health of humans, terrestrial, and aquatic animals. A measurement involved in the quantity of certain traceable particles within the air, namely: Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 and 10, ozone (O

36196225

Investigating the prevalence of diabetic complications in overweight/obese patients: a study in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.

In Malaysia, although diabetes accounts for more than 70% of all deaths, it is unclear how it relates to BMI and plications. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity and plications among diabetic patients in Malaysia.

36196226

Replacement of dietary corn with corn bran plus condensed distillers solubles effects on feedlot growth performance and carcass trait responses of beef steers.

Dry-corn milling biorefineries have the opportunity to install technology to fractionate corn prior to fermentation, which creates a product stream of fibrous bran that can be fed to cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing dietary corn with corn bran and condensed distillers solubles (CBCDS) or wet-corn gluten feed (WCGF) on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy (NE) utilization, and carcass characteristics in finishing steers. British × Continental steers (

36196227

Effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine level on growth performance and economic return for 18 to 128 kg Duroc-sired pigs.

The recent shift of the U.S. swine industry toward improved pork quality, such as color, marbling, and firmness, has led to increased use of Duroc-sired pigs in the marketplace. Our objective was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys requirement estimates for Duroc-sired (600 × 241, DNA, Columbus, NE) pigs from 18 to 128 kg BW. We conducted a series of experiments using corn-soybean meal-based diets with pigs allotted to 6 or 7 treatments in plete block designs. In all experiments an equal number of barrows and gilts were used within a pen. In experiment 1, 300 pigs (initially 18.4 ± 0.50 kg) were used with 5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment with 6 SID Lys levels from 1.00% to 1.50%. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear,

36196228

Survey of feedlot nutritionists gives insight on information-seeking behavior.

Nutrition critically affects feedlot cattle health and growth, and ultimately cost of production. Feedlot producers rely on professionals such as nutritionists, extension educators, pany representatives, and others to assist them in developing the best nutritional program for their operation. In turn, these professionals depend on feedlot nutrition research to drive decisions for their clients. A survey of feedlot professionals was conducted regarding how published resources are used. Surveys were included in the spring 2020 mailing to potential Plains Nutrition Council meeting attendees; 61 surveys were returned. The objective of this survey was to aid feedlot nutrition researchers to make more informed decisions when publishing new research to maximize impact on the feedlot industry. The survey asked 15 questions regarding the participant's career, professional organization memberships, frequency and intentions of using research, and ranking the importance of resources, peer-reviewed journals, and learning platforms. Survey respondents primarily served the Midwest and Plains regions (83.1%) with employment by panies (34.4%), private consulting firms (21.3%), other aspects of feedlot production (26.2%), or were self-employed (18%). Survey participants found great importance in peer-reviewed journals, though the relevance of peer-reviewed journals sometimes differed due to the professional age of respondents. The main strategies for accessing journals were via society memberships and through open access; utilizing open access publishing may increase the number of industry professionals reached. Looking to the future, we may see a shift in resources used by industry professionals due to the differences seen in preferences of early and late career survey participants, specifically increases in the use of technology-based platforms. These data may inform feedlot researchers on the information-seeking behaviors of feedlot professionals, such as the importance of publishing data in open access formats, allowing for greater impact through increased utilization of newly published research.

36196229

Effects of including Sweet Bran or modified distillers grains in the diet of feedlot steers and sorting at terminal implant on growth performance, feeding behavior, and liver abscess occurrence.

The objectives were to assess the effects of dietary Sweet Bran (Cargill Corn Milling, Blair, NE) on performance and feeding behavior of feedlot steers and determine if terminal implant pen sorting affects performance, feeding behavior, and liver abscess (LA) rate. Two hundred sixteen Angus-cross steers (253 ± 18 kg) were stratified by body weight (BW) to 36 pens. From d 0 to 60, diets contained 40% Sweet Bran (SWBR) or 25% modified distiller's grains and 15% dry rolled corn (MOD;

36196230

Effect of supplemental methionine on health and performance of receiving beef heifers.

Methionine supplementation can improve immune function in transition dairy cattle. Our objective was to determine if supplemental methionine could improve health and performance of newly received growing cattle. Crossbred heifers (

36196231

Synovex ONE Grower improves growth performance for at least 200 days in growing beef steers and heifers fed in confinement for slaughter.

Growth-promoting implants are broadly used in the feedlot industry to improve growth performance and to increase production efficiencies. With cattle being fed longer and to heavier weights, there is demand for extended-release implants that payout for at least 200 d. Our objective was to evaluate feedlot growth of Synovex ONE Grower, a moderate potency (150 mg trenbolone acetate [TBA] and 21 mg estradiol benzoate [EB]), extended-release, growth-promoting implant for 200 d. At four locations (Texas, Idaho, California, and Nebraska), 200 steers (

36196233

Esophageal Perforation Following Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Conservative Approach.

Esophageal perforation following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rare and potentially plication. Here, we report a case with successful conservative management of esophageal perforation following AF ablation demonstrating how surgery is not always required in properly selected patients.

36196232

Beliefs and Attitudes of Health Care Professionals Toward Mental Health Services Users' Rights: A Cross-Sectional Study from the United Arab Emirates.

The beliefs and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards service user's rights in mental healthcare are critical to understanding as it impacts the quality of care and treatment, leading to social discrimination and possible coercive professional practices. This study aimed to investigate the association between the HCPs' beliefs and attitudes towards service users' rights in seeking treatment in the UAE and to identify or may predict the stigmatized attitudes and behaviors among HCPs.

36196234

Change in Atrial Activation Patterns During Narrow Complex Tachycardia: What Is the Mechanism?

A change in the coronary sinus (CS) activation pattern from an eccentric to a concentric pattern during the ablation of an orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia might falsely suggest the presence of a second (septal) accessory pathway (AP) during tachycardia or the successful ablation of the left lateral AP under ventricular pacing despite persistent and unaffected AP conduction. Complete or partial intra-atrial block should be suspected when an abrupt change in the atrial activation sequence is noted during catheter ablation at the posterolateral and lateral aspects of the mitral annulus. The correct anatomical position of the CS catheter plays a vital role in the differential diagnosis of this situation.

36196235

The Impact of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors on Arrhythmias in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) use has e increasingly popular. Current guidelines mend using ARNI therapy for heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). As therapies e more widely available, heart failure-associated burdens such as ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) will e increasingly prevalent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of ARNI therapy on HFrEF and HFpEF pertaining to arrhythmogenesis and SCD. We performed a search of MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant studies. The odds ratios (ORs) of SCD, ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks were calculated. A total of 10 studies, including 6 randomized controlled trials and 4 observational studies, were included in the analysis. A total of 18,548 patients from all studies were included, with 9,328 patients in the ARNI arm and 9,220 patients in the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) arm, with a median follow-up time of 15 months. There was a significant reduction in posite es of SCD and ventricular arrhythmias in patients treated with pared to those treated with ACEIs/ARBs (OR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.93;

36196236

Ebstein's Anomaly: How to Identify Intracardiac Structures When Electrical Signals Do Not Match the Anatomy.

In patients with Ebstein's anomaly, the distorted anatomy with discordance between the true atrioventricular (AV) groove and the tricuspid valve poses many challenges to the electrophysiologist. Intracardiac echocardiography is a recent tool that allows visualization of the displaced tricuspid valve, the true AV groove, and the atrialized right ventricle. We present a 3-dimensional electroanatomic map built using intracardiac echocardiography and the CARTOSOUND

36196238

Automated Identification of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Targets: Multicenter Validation and Workflow Characterization.

Decrement evoked potentials (EPs) (DeEPs) constitute an accepted method to identify physiological ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation targets without inducing VT. The feasibility of automated software (SW) in the detection of arrhythmogenic VT substrate has been documented. However, multicenter validation of automated SW and workflow has yet to be characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the functionality of a novel DeEP SW (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) and evaluate the independent performance of the automated algorithm using multicenter data. VT ablation cases were performed in the catheterization laboratory and retrospectively analyzed using the DeEP SW. The algorithm indicated and mapped DeEPs by first identifying capture in surface electrocardiograms (ECGs). Once capture was confirmed, the EPs of S1 paces were detected. The algorithm checked for the stability of S1 EPs paring the last 3 of the 8 morphologies and attributing standard deviation values. The extra-stimulus EP was then detected paring it to the S1 EP. Once detected, the DeEP value puted from the extra-stimulus and displayed as a sphere on a voltage map. A total of 5,885 DeEP signals were extracted from 21 substrate mapping cases conducted at 3 different centers (in Spain, Canada, and Australia). A gold standard was established from ECGs manually marked by subject experts. Once the algorithm was deployed, 91.6% of S2 algorithm markings coincided with the gold standard, 1.9% were false-positives, and 0.1% were false-negatives. Also, 6.4% were non-specific DeEP detections. In conclusion, the automated DeEP algorithm identifies and displays DeEP points, revealing VT substrates in a multicenter validation study. The automation of identification and mapping display is expected to improve efficiency.

36196239

His-bundle Pacing as a Bailout Therapy for a Patient with Subclavian Stenosis and No Suitable Coronary Sinus Branch: A Double Whammy.

We present an interesting case of an 88-year-old man who was referred to our arrhythmia service for an upgrade of his dual-chamber pacemaker to a biventricular pacemaker for right ventricular pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. The patient was found to have stenosis of the left subclavian vein. Here, we describe the approach used to perform venoplasty in this patient. After venoplasty of the left subclavian vein, the patient did not have suitable coronary venous anatomy for deployment of the coronary sinus lead. Subsequently, a His lead was implanted. We achieved significant narrowing of the QRS with good thresholds and other lead parameters. Through this case report, we seek to present our approach of venoplasty in patients with occluded venous access for either an upgrade or a de novo implant.

36196240

Comprehensive Biotechnical System for Screening Risk-based Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome.

At present, there are no hardware or biochemical systems that allow to assess the severity of post-COVID syndrome in vivo. The hardware of the proposed biotechnical system is based on routine transthoracic electrical impedance rheography, which makes it possible to register the frequency characteristics of the patient's bioimpedance response to controlled stress stimulation, thereby simultaneously fixing the characteristics of his productive heart, the state of the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the efficiency of the gas transport function of his blood, and also reliably assess personal reactivity and adaptive potential. Subsequent mathematical approximation of the obtained biometric data by an original neural network makes it possible to rank the results obtained and automatically generate a program of medical rehabilitation for a particular patient, depending on the severity of his post-COVID syndrome. The study results proved two reliable physiological signs confirming the presence of latent plications: a decrease in the base impedance value for light exercise and an increase in the length of the systolic arc of the rheocardiogram.

36196241

Body Composition Changes in the Immediate Peri-operative Period Following Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a readily available tool to assess position in a clinical setting. BIA has received little attention in orthopaedics and namely joint arthroplasty. This study aims to quantify changes in position in the immediate peri-operative period following total joint arthroplasty.

36196243

Should they stay or should they go? A case study on international students in Germany.

International students are conceived as essential contributors to the development of their countries of origin after they finished their studies abroad. Political decision-makers of the countries of origin therefore take measures that students will eventually return to their home countries and bring back their gained knowledge and consequently contribute to development back home. However, is a return always the best way to contribute to development in the country of origin or can international graduates contribute equally from abroad or through their high mobility between different countries? This article aims to address this question on the basis of an intensive three years mixed-methods-based investigation in six countries - Germany as country of study and Colombia, Georgia, Ghana, Indonesia and Israel/Palestinian territories as countries of origin. We investigated a specific German scholarship program, which gives scholarships to international students from the Global South to study in Germany. Although a return to the country of origin is a precondition for the scholarship, our study indicates that not only

36196242

High-throughput screen to identify compounds that prevent or target telomere loss in human cancer cells.

Chromosome instability (CIN) is an early step in carcinogenesis that promotes tumor cell progression and resistance to therapy. Using plasmids integrated adjacent to telomeres, we have previously demonstrated that the sensitivity of subtelomeric regions to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contributes to telomere loss and CIN in cancer. A high-throughput screen was created to pounds that affect telomere loss due to subtelomeric DSBs introduced by I-SceI endonuclease, as detected by cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). A screen of a library of 1832 pounds identified a variety pounds that increase or decrease the number of GFP-positive cells following activation of I-SceI. A curated screen done in triplicate at various concentrations found that inhibition of classical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ) increased DSB-induced telomere loss, demonstrating that C-NHEJ is functional in subtelomeric regions. Compounds that decreased DSB-induced telomere loss included inhibitors of mTOR, p38 and tankyrase, consistent with our earlier hypothesis that the sensitivity of subtelomeric regions to DSBs is a result of inappropriate resection during repair. Although this assay was also designed to pounds that selectively target cells experiencing telomere loss and/or chromosome instability, pounds of this type were identified in the current screen.

36196245

Digital resources as an aspect of teacher professional digital competence: One term, different definitions - a systematic review.

The term 'digital resources' is increasingly used in educational research to describe the specific knowledge and skills that constitute teachers' professional petence. Educational policy documents, including the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu), deploy the term to reaffirm teachers' need for special skills in using digital resources. However, educational research literature presents inconsistent views of the term, restricting its effective use in further research and the promotion of associated skills among pre-service and in-service teachers. To clarify the term 'digital resources' and support future research related to its application especially in empirical research on teachers' professional petence, this systematic review aims to analyse the definitions of digital resources as a scientific term in 23 articles and to examine pare the facets and aspects of digital resources. Finally, we derive a definition from the various perspectives and discuss the implications for the definition of digital resources as an aspect of teachers' professional petence.

36196246

Using a socio-ecological framework to understand how 8-12-year-olds build and show digital resilience: A multi-perspective and multimethod qualitative study.

Educationalists', researchers', and policy makers' work on children's digital resilience has marginalised the role of the broader context within which digital resilience is constituted, experienced and derived. We aimed to address this lacuna by exploring how pre-teen's digital resilience operates as a dynamic socio-ecological process. Addressing this aim, we employed participatory methods and thematically analysed eight focus groups with children aged 8-12 years (n = 59) and 20 telephone interviews with parents/carers and teachers of 8-12-year-olds and internet safety experts to examine this issue. We used purposive sampling and collected data over three months (January-March 2020). Our analysis constructed a matrix of main themes, constituent, and cross-cutting sub-themes. By placing this within a socio-ecological framework, we illustrate how pre-teens' digital resilience operates within and across differing four levels (individual, munity and societal) and four domains (learning, recognising, managing, and recovery). The paper advances the literature by illustrating how children can be supported to build and show digital resilience within and across different levels and domains. It is argued that digital resilience should be re-conceptualised as a collective endeavour involving children at an individual level, parents/carers within home environments, youth workers, civil society, teachers, and schools at munity level, along with governments, policymakers, and the education system and internet corporations at a societal level. We conclude by providing practice and research mendations guiding those supporting children to facilitate opportunities to thrive online.

36196247

Special Section Guest Editorial: Hybrid Photonic/X Neurointerfaces.

The article introduces the Special Section on Hybrid Photonic/X Neurointerfaces for Neurophotonics Volume 9 Issue 3.

36196244

Prehospital and First Hospital System Response to a Terrorist Attack in Bogotá, Colombia.

Assembling an effective medical response for an overwhelming number of casualties has e a priority worldwide. Terrorist attacks have been part of the Colombian contemporaneous history. On February 7, 2003, a terrorist car bomb explosion occurred inside a private club in Bogotá, causing the largest number of casualties of all terrorist attacks for over 15 years. The present study analyses the hospital and prehospital responses to this mass casualty event by characterizing the patterns of injury, resource allocation, and e in a tertiary-level hospital where most of the casualties were treated.

36196248

Stability and dynamics of dendritic spines in macaque prefrontal cortex.

Formation and elimination of synapses reflect structural plasticity of neuronal connectivity. Here we performed high-resolution two-photon imaging of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex of four macaque monkeys and found that spines were in general highly stable, with low percentages undergoing synaptic turnover. By observing the same spines at weekly intervals, we found that newly formed spines were more susceptible to elimination, with only 40% persisting over a period of months. Analyses of spatial distribution of large numbers of spines revealed that spine distribution was neither uniform nor random, favoring inter-spine distances of 2-4 μm. Furthermore, spine formation and elimination occurred more often in low- and high-density dendritic segments, respectively, and preferentially within a hot zone of ∼4 μm from existing spines. Our results demonstrate long-term stability and spatially regulated spine dynamics in the macaque cortex and provide a structural basis for understanding neural circuit plasticity in the primate brain.

36196249

Controllable Majorana vortex states in iron-based superconducting nanowires.

To reveal the non-Abelian braiding statistics of Majorana zero modes (MZMs), it is crucial to design a Majorana platform, in which MZMs can be easily manipulated in a broad topological nontrivial parameter space. This is also an essential step to confirm their existence. In this study, we propose an iron-based superconducting nanowire system with Majorana vortex states to satisfy desirable conditions. This system has a radius-induced topological phase transition, giving a lower bound for the nanowire radius. In the topological phase, the iron-based superconducting nanowires have only one pair of MZMs over a wide range of radii, chemical potential and external magnetic fields. The wave function of MZMs has a sizable distribution at the side edge of the nanowires. This property enables the control of the interaction of MZMs in neighboring vortex nanowires and paves the way for Majorana fusion and braiding.

36196250

Fluid therapy in neurotrauma: basic and clinical concepts.

The patient with head trauma is a challenge for the emergency physician and for the neurosurgeon. Currently traumatic brain injury constitutes a public health problem. Knowledge of the various therapeutic strategies to provide support in the prehospital and perioperative are essential for optimal care. Rapid infusion of large volumes of crystalloids to restore blood volume and blood pressure quickly is now the standard treatment for patients bined TBI and HS The fluid in patients with brain and especially in the carrier of brain injury is a critical topic; we present a review of the literature about the history, physiology of current fluid preparations, and a discussion regard the use of fluid therapy in traumatic brain injury and pressive craniectomy.

36196251

Association between social capital and COVID-19 preventive behaviors: Country-level ecological study.

The association between social capital and preventive behaviors against COVID-19 remains controversial. We examined the association between social capital and preventive behaviors against COVID-19 at country level.

36196252

Epidermal Barrier Integrity is Associated with Both Skin Microbiome Diversity and Composition in Patients with Acne Vulgaris.

Although the changed lipid environment of the pilosebaceous unit and the growth of lipophilic

36196253

Development and validation of novel models for the prediction of intravenous corticosteroid resistance in acute severe ulcerative colitis using logistic regression and machine learning.

The early prediction of intravenous corticosteroid (IVCS) resistance in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) patients remains an unresolved challenge. This study aims to construct and validate a model that accurately predicts IVCS resistance.

36196254

Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal and gastric cancer under the Chinese multi-site practice policy: admittance standards of competence are needed.

The multi-site practice (MSP) policy has been practiced in China over 10 years. This study aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of performing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer (LSCRC) and gastric cancer (LSGC) under the Chinese MSP policy.

36196255

Biologics: how far can they go in Crohn's disease?

Crohn's disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder, characterized by episodes of relapsing and remitting flares. As the disease mechanism es better elucidated, there is a significant increase in the number of available biologic therapies. This article summarizes and synthesizes current Food and Drug Administration-approved biological therapy for Crohn's disease and examines the positioning of medical therapy as emerging biologics break onto the market.

36196256

Values of a novel pyroptosis-related genetic signature in predicting outcome and immune status of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pyroptosis is an emerging form of programmed cell death associated with progression in malignancies. Yet, there are few studies reporting on the association between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pyroptosis. Therefore, we aimed to construct a pyroptosis-related genetic signature to predict the clinical e and immune status in PDAC patients.

36196257

Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic is truly one of the greatest collective health crises in history which have altered our life and living. For years, people have felt fatigued from following public health directives such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and working or studying remotely without in-person interactions. In this paper, we explore strategies for resilience and wellbeing which can mitigate pandemic-caused stress and behavioural fatigue. We start with individual level strategies including reworking stress appraisals, the importance of psychological flexibility, reducing loneliness through adaptive online platform use, optimizing familial relationships when living in close quarters for a prolonged period, reducing symptoms of burnout and using adaptive distractions, using specific evidence-based resilience strategies. We discuss specific considerations which tap on our shared identities and shared responsibilities which can enhance a sense munity, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds and how suicide risks can be minimized.

36196259

The geometries of Jordan nets and Jordan webs.

A Jordan net (resp. web) is an embedding of a unital Jordan algebra of dimension 3 (resp. 4) into the space

36196258

Effects of grid spacing on high-frequency precipitation variance in coupled high-resolution global ocean-atmosphere models.

High-frequency precipitation variance is calculated in 12 different free-running (non-data-assimilative) coupled high resolution atmosphere-ocean model simulations, an assimilative coupled atmosphere-ocean weather forecast model, and an assimilative reanalysis. The results pared with results from satellite estimates of precipitation and rain gauge observations. An analysis of irregular sub-daily fluctuations, which was applied by Covey et al. (Geophys Res Lett 45:12514-12522, 2018. 10.1029/2018GL078926) to satellite products and low-resolution climate models, is applied here to rain gauges and higher-resolution models. In contrast to lower-resolution climate simulations, which Covey et al. (2018) found to be lacking with respect to variance in irregular sub-daily fluctuations, the highest-resolution simulations examined here display an irregular sub-daily fluctuation variance that lies closer to that found in satellite products. Most of the simulations used here cannot be analyzed via the Covey et al. (2018) technique, because they do not output precipitation at sub-daily intervals. Thus the remainder of the paper focuses on frequency power spectral density of precipitation and on cumulative distribution functions over time scales (2-100 days) that are still relatively "high-frequency" in the context of climate modeling. Refined atmospheric or oceanic model grid spacing is generally found to increase high-frequency precipitation variance in simulations, approaching the values derived from observations. Mesoscale-eddy-rich ocean simulations significantly increase precipitation variance only when the atmosphere grid spacing is sufficiently fine (< 0.5°). Despite the improvements noted above, all of the simulations examined here suffer from the "drizzle effect", in which precipitation is not temporally intermittent to the extent found in observations.

36196260

Polynomial and horizontally polynomial functions on Lie groups.

We generalize both the notion of polynomial functions on Lie groups and the notion of horizontally affine maps on Carnot groups. We fix a subset