language:en license:cc-by-4.0 size_categories:10K<n<100K doi:10.57967/hf/4179 region:us
---
license: cc-by-4.0
language:
- en
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: "training_data.csv"
---

# Snow Water Equivalent Forecasting Training Data

## Dataset Summary
Snow Water Equivalent dataset contains information about snow water equivalent (SWE), temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, and related climate variables across different locations and time periods. It includes daily observations and derived variables for hydrological and climate analysis. An additional column, `source`, specifies the origin of each data column.

## Authors
- Ziheng Sun
- Justin Pflug
- Nicoleta Cristea
- Gokul Prathin Asamani
- Keenan Ganz
- Millie Spencer
- Kehan Yang
- Mahboubeh Bousshagh
- Juan S. Acero Triana
- Bonan Li
- Rebecca Gustine

## Year
2024

## Usage

---
```python

from datasets import load_dataset

data = load_dataset("Geoweaver/SnowWaterEquivalent_trainingdata", data_files="training_data.csv")

```
---

## Related Data Sources
- **SNOTEL**: [NRCS SNOTEL Website](https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/)
- **GridMET**: [GridMET Website](http://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html)
- **USGS SRTM**: [USGS SRTM Website](https://www.usgs.gov/)
- **MODIS 10A1 NDSI_Snow_Cover**: [MODIS 10A1 Website](https://nsidc.org/data/mod10a1/versions/61)




## Data Fields
| Key                                     | Unit         | Data Type | Description                                                                                   | Source           |
|-----------------------------------------|--------------|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| **date**                                | -            | Object    | Date of the observation.                                                                      | GridMET          |
| **lat**                                 | Degrees      | Float64   | Latitude of the observation location.                                                         | GridMET                  |
| **lon**                                 | Degrees      | Float64   | Longitude of the observation location.                                                        | GridMET                  |
| **SWE**                                 | Inches       | Float64   | Snow water equivalent at the observation point.                                               | GridMET                  |
| **SWE_1**                               | Inches       | Float64   | SWE value from one day before.                                                                | GridMET                  |
| **air_temperature_tmmn_1**              | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Minimum air temperature from one day before.                                                  | GridMET                 |
| **potential_evapotranspiration_1**      | Inches/day   | Float64   | Potential evapotranspiration from one day before.                                             | GridMET          |
| **mean_vapor_pressure_deficit_1**       | kPa          | Float64   | Mean vapor pressure deficit from one day before.                                              | GridMET          |
| **relative_humidity_rmax_1**            | Percentage   | Float64   | Maximum relative humidity from one day before.                                                | GridMET          |
| **relative_humidity_rmin_1**            | Percentage   | Float64   | Minimum relative humidity from one day before.                                                | GridMET          |
| **precipitation_amount_1**              | Inches       | Float64   | Precipitation amount from one day before.                                                    |  GridMET         |
| **air_temperature_tmmx_1**              | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Maximum air temperature from one day before.                                                  | GridMET          |
| **wind_speed_1**                        | m/s          | Float64   | Wind speed from one day before.                                                               | GridMET                  |
| **ndsi_1**                              | Percentage   | Float64   | Fractional snow-covered area from one day before.                                             | MODIS            |
| **SWE_2**                               | Inches       | Float64   | SWE value from two days before.                                                               | GridMET                  |
| **air_temperature_tmmn_2**              | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Minimum air temperature from two days before.                                                 | GridMET                 |
| **potential_evapotranspiration_2**      | Inches/day   | Float64   | Potential evapotranspiration from two days before.                                            | GridMET                 |
| **mean_vapor_pressure_deficit_2**       | kPa          | Float64   | Mean vapor pressure deficit from two days before.                                             | GridMET                 |
| **relative_humidity_rmax_2**            | Percentage   | Float64   | Maximum relative humidity from two days before.                                               | GridMET                 |
| **relative_humidity_rmin_2**            | Percentage   | Float64   | Minimum relative humidity from two days before.                                               | GridMET                 |
| **precipitation_amount_2**              | Inches       | Float64   | Precipitation amount from two days before.                                                   |  GridMET                |
| **air_temperature_tmmx_2**              | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Maximum air temperature from two days before.                                                 | GridMET                 |
| **wind_speed_2**                        | m/s          | Float64   | Wind speed from two days before.                                                              | MODIS                  |
| **ndsi_2**                              | Percentage   | Float64   | snow-covered area from two days before.                                                       | MODIS            |
| **cumulative_SWE**                      | Inches       | Float64   | Cumulative SWE over a specific time period starting from October 1.                           | SNOTEL           |
| **cumulative_air_temperature_tmmn**     | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Cumulative minimum air temperature over a specific time period starting from October 1.       |                  |
| **cumulative_potential_evapotranspiration** | Inches/day | Float64   | Cumulative potential evapotranspiration starting from October 1.                              |                  |
| **cumulative_mean_vapor_pressure_deficit** | kPa       | Float64   | Cumulative mean vapor pressure deficit starting from October 1.                               |                  |
| **cumulative_relative_humidity_rmax**   | Percentage   | Float64   | Cumulative maximum relative humidity starting from October 1.                                 |                  |
| **cumulative_relative_humidity_rmin**   | Percentage   | Float64   | Cumulative minimum relative humidity starting from October 1.                                 |                  |
| **cumulative_precipitation_amount**     | Inches       | Float64   | Cumulative precipitation amount starting from October 1.                                      |                  |
| **cumulative_air_temperature_tmmx**     | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Cumulative maximum air temperature starting from October 1.                                   |                  |
| **cumulative_wind_speed**               | m/s          | Float64   | Cumulative wind speed starting from October 1.                                                |                  |
| **cumulative_ndsi**                     | Percentage   | Float64   | Cumulative fractional snow-covered area starting from October 1.                              | MODIS            |
| **station_name**                        | -            | Object    | Name of the observation station.                                                              | SNOTEL           |
| **swe_value**                           | Inches       | Float64   | Measured value of SWE.                                                                        | SNOTEL           |
| **change_in_swe_inch**                  | Inches       | Float64   | Change in SWE in inches.                                                                      | SNOTEL           |
| **snow_depth**                          | Inches       | Float64   | Depth of the snow at the observation site.                                                    | SNOTEL           |
| **air_temperature_observed_f**          | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Observed air temperature.                                                                     | SNOTEL           |
| **precipitation_amount**                | Inches       | Float64   | Amount of precipitation recorded.                                                             | SNOTEL           |
| **relative_humidity_rmin**              | Percentage   | Float64   | Minimum relative humidity recorded.                                                           | GridMET          |
| **potential_evapotranspiration**        | Inches/day   | Float64   | Potential rate of evaporation and transpiration.                                              | GridMET          |
| **air_temperature_tmmx**                | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Maximum air temperature recorded.                                                             | GridMET          |
| **relative_humidity_rmax**              | Percentage   | Float64   | Maximum relative humidity recorded.                                                           | GridMET          |
| **mean_vapor_pressure_deficit**         | kPa          | Float64   | Mean vapor pressure deficit.                                                                  | GridMET          |
| **air_temperature_tmmn**                | Fahrenheit   | Float64   | Minimum air temperature recorded.                                                             | GridMET          |
| **wind_speed**                          | m/s          | Float64   | Wind speed at the observation location.                                                       | GridMET          |
| **Elevation**                           | Meters       | Float64   | Elevation of the observation site.                                                            | USGS SRTM        |
| **Aspect**                              | Degrees      | Float64   | Compass direction the slope faces.                                                            | USGS SRTM        |
| **Curvature**                           | -            | Float64   | Terrain curvature at the observation site.                                                    | USGS SRTM        |
| **Northness**                           | -            | Float64   | Degree of orientation towards the north.                                                      | USGS SRTM        |
| **Eastness**                            | -            | Float64   | Degree of orientation towards the east.                                                       | USGS SRTM        |


## Data Processing
- **Cumulative Metrics**: Columns with cumulative prefixes (e.g., `cumulative_relative_humidity_rmax`) start accumulating data from the previous water year, typically beginning on October 1. These metrics are not normalized unless specified.
- **Smoothing Process**: Several columns underwent a smoothing process to fill gaps in missing data. These include:
  - `SWE`
  - `air_temperature_observed_f`
  - `precipitation_amount`
  - `relative_humidity_rmin`
  - `relative_humidity_rmax`
  - `mean_vapor_pressure_deficit`

## License
CC-BY-4.0

## Citation
If you find our dataset/code/paper helpful, please consider cite our papers 📝:

```
@misc {geoweaver_2025,
	author       = { {Geoweaver} },
	title        = { SnowWaterEquivalent_trainingdata},
	year         = 2025,
	url          = { https://huggingface.co/datasets/Geoweaver/SnowWaterEquivalent_trainingdata },
	doi          = { 10.57967/hf/4179 },
	publisher    = { Hugging Face }
}
```