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odesia-combined-dipromats-v1

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You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #Coronavirus: la Unión Europea lanza el paquete "Team Europe" para apoyar a los países socios con más de €20 mil millones en la lucha contra la pandemia de #coronavirus y sus consecuencias. https://t.co/ULmk50fzs2 https://t.co/yLhrmVcClb

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Mejores votos x el éxito d la #FeriaVirtualZhejiangPanamá, otro paso innovador en el esfuerzo conjunto chino-panameño x echar adelante la cooperación bilateral. Gracias @MICIPMA @propanamagob, @CancilleriaPma @CCIYAP, entre otras entidades y personalidades panameñas x su apoyo. https://t.co/3DQV2TZljd

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: (1/1)#DosSesiones | El Canciller de China Wang Yi en cuanto a la @WHO (OMS) indicó: ✅La justicia está en el corazón de todos. La posición internacional de la OMS y su legado histórico no quedarán eclipsados por el prejuicio de una exigua minoría de países👇

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Zhao Bentang, director general de ALC del Minrex de #China señaló que es imperativo intensificar la cooperación internacional en todos los aspectos con el objetivo de ganar la batalla contra la #COVID19. https://t.co/jRkcTH25pA

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Denuncian escalada de represión del gobierno de EE.UU. contra reporteros y medios chinos #HastaLaVictoriaSiempreDarío https://t.co/wToFxRHDRH https://t.co/strtsmPYKe

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Diplomacia de China en la Nueva Era: Una relación de futuro y en crecimiento con ALC. En el año 2019, la cooperación entre #China y #AméricaLatina y el Caribe ha logrado progresos estables y un salto cualitativo en múltiples materias y niveles. #DosSesiones #EconomíaChina https://t.co/4bOGXK1nlD

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 1⃣🇨🇳El canciller chino #WangYi expresó ayer que, a costa de vidas, el #virus advierte que más allá de las diferencias de ubicaciones geográficas, razas, historias y culturas, los países deben trabajar mano a mano para construir la comunidad de futuro compartido de la humanidad. https://t.co/RMMqH5rrsa

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #BuenasNoticias En tiempos de #Coronavirus hay regocijo en quienes cumplen sus sueños. Es el caso de las cantantes panameñas Gaby Cotter y Brenda Lau, quienes egresaron del @BerkleeCollege como parte de la promoción de nuevos artistas formados en EE.UU. https://t.co/Exd3H71p7o

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: .@SecPompeo: En Europa se preocupan profundamente por la privacidad de sus ciudadanos. Permitir que la información pase a través de redes controladas por China es la antítesis de proporcionar esa misma privacidad. https://t.co/3ALF08AkpJ

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La reforma y apertura de #China continúa en medio del brote de #COVID19. El país planea eliminar la limitación de las participaciones extranjeras en firmas de valores el 1 de abril ➡️ https://t.co/7ctGpWctFJ https://t.co/N3GxTizVLS

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Mucho antes de #COVID19 los gobiernos de #Nicaragua, #Cuba, y #Venezuela estaban violando los DDHH de sus ciudadanos. Únete a @caslainstitute para hablar sobre el estado actual de los #derechoshumanos en estos países a las 11:00 am (hora del Este) de hoy: https://t.co/uh3XugCPAK https://t.co/q5ll7oDGHq

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #China #Europa Confianza y reciprocidad: los ingredientes necesarios para la cooperación entre la UE y China https://t.co/2NooBsGRAX https://t.co/4vO5bd86Lp

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: A lo largo de la historia el personal de enfermería ha estado en 1ra línea de la lucha contra las epidemias q amenazan #Salud a nivel 🌍, igual q sucede hoy. En 🇷🇺 es de más de 1 mln de profesionales, y ahora están demostrando su coraje en la respuesta a #COVID19 . Gracias! https://t.co/UVw5NJnTXT

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Hace ya 3 meses desde que el diputado Gilber Caro fue secuestrado por la dictadura. Le arrebatan su libertad y su derecho a gestionar en el parlamento sólo por trabajar para lograr una #Venezuela democrática. Él y todos los presos políticos deben ser liberados. #20Mar https://t.co/CmTdj0cb5N

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: (1/1) En la actualidad, China ocupa el segundo lugar del mundo en cuanto al número de solicitudes anuales del Tratado de Cooperación en Materia de Patentes (PCT) y el tercer lugar mundial en la cantidad de registro del Sistema de Madrid para el Registro Internacional de Marcas.

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Denunciamos que la sede del Consulado de Venezuela en Bogotá ha sido vandalizada y saqueada por completo. Las autoridades colombianas la dejaron sin protección, violando las Convenciones de Viena sobre Relaciones Diplomáticas y Consulares. El Estado colombiano debe responder. https://t.co/zOnNGUSzXo

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La verdad sobre la lucha de #China 🇨🇳 en la pandemia de #COVID19 aplasta acusaciones absurdas de Estados Unidos. Más información: https://t.co/Azrb8iErYR

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: China devuelve el golpe a Estados Unidos sancionando a funcionarios de la Administración Trump https://t.co/8aDz0WqMc3 https://t.co/FkJZLt4nyh

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Acuerdo Unión Europea - Japón 🇪🇺🇯🇵 sobre la #seguridad de la aviación civil firmado hoy. #EUJapan 👉Este acuerdo potenciará aún más la cooperación y reforzará la competitividad de la industria aeronáutica de la Unión. Más información: https://t.co/KzNIkMIb5q https://t.co/7bZbCsVL54

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 🇺🇸🇪🇸 El @SecPompeo felicitó a la Ministra de @MAECgob @AranchaGlezLaya por su nombramiento y por el nuevo gobierno de España, y expresó su profundo aprecio por la fuerte y duradera cooperación entre Estados Unidos y España. @USAenEspanol https://t.co/vJKIqnSqQV https://t.co/rkiUCTvYi1

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: (1/1) #Falso👉 la legislación para salvaguardar la seguridad nacional en Hong Kong pondrá en peligro su prosperidad y estabilidad👇

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #BrexitDay "El Reino Unido seguirá siendo un socio clave para la Unión Europea. Espero con interés lo que confío sea una muy estrecha cooperación con nuestros amigos británicos frente a los retos comunes que nos acechan en el plano regional y mundial." @JosepBorrellF https://t.co/QRIdbjINhv

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: En reunión con VM 1.ª del @MINCEX_CUBA @AnaTeresitaGF el embajador de #China confirma un nuevo donativo de productos para enfrentar pandemia del #COVID19. Solidaridad y cooperación son claves para esta lucha. #SomosCuba @cubavsbloqueo https://t.co/dMJFySlwUf

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 🇷🇺 Rusia produce el primer lote de la vacuna #SputnikV contra el coronavirus 🦠 La vacuna, registrada este martes, podría garantizar la inmunidad al covid-19 por un período de hasta dos años. @ActualidadRT https://t.co/cE15vYlbPC https://t.co/B7f55MuVxz

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Dueños de mascotas: No hay evidencia de que las mascotas puedan propagar el #COVID19 a las personas. El virus se propaga entre las personas si alguien infectado tose o estornuda. Ve medidas para proteger tu salud y la de tu familia: https://t.co/lpT5M0GuFh https://t.co/LMpGSRegV6

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Más mentiras de #Maduro, autor de la #MaduroCrisis, sobre la tragedia de #Venezuela. Las sanciones de Estados Unidos NUNCA bloquean comida o medicinas. La escasez de Venezuela es resultado del robo por parte del régimen de las riquezas de la nación. #EstamosUnidosVE https://t.co/dB3ZZPcJkz

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Embajador Cui: la gente pide cooperación entre #China y #EEUU para contener el #coronavirus. "Creo que las dos economías más grandes del mundo, China y Estados Unidos deberían unirse para enfrentar otros desafíos globales". https://t.co/0my1tBTjuM

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: @EmbZhangRun impartió docencia en el Instituto de Formación Política Dr. José Francisco Peña Gómez, inaugurando el diplomado en Relaciones Internacionales con una charla sobre la historia de China y las relaciones bilaterales entre China y RD. https://t.co/1BoUgg59Vw

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Con el fin de reforzar la seguridad en la calidad y eficiencia del material sanitario que #China suministra a otros países, a partir de hoy, además de obtener la correspondiente homologación extranjera, los productos exportados deberán haber sido registrados oficialmente en 🇨🇳. https://t.co/gR2Dwksn0J

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: @weiasecas @SayraPG @sidneysittonU Que vergüenza tener que ese individuo como coterráneo. Ni una pizca de sensibilidad con semejante desgracia que está pasando. Este señor apuesto piensa que que Ucrania quería que pasara el desastre de Chernóbil.

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ¿Qué se esconde detrás de la demanda estadounidense de una disculpa china por el brote del nuevo coronavirus? https://t.co/jAD92sTAUH #coronavirus https://t.co/Arytk9LeZo

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: El Alto Representante de la UE @JosepBorrellF conversó con el Canciller @TeodoroRiberaN sobre la importancia del multilateralismo para enfrentar unidos la crisis sin precedentes provocada por el coronavirus. Unión Europea y Chile, una alianza para el futuro. @Minrel_Chile

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Los pequeños productores participaron del proyecto Procadenas, que apunta a crear empleos decentes y productivos, en especial en zonas rurales con altos niveles de pobreza 👉 La iniciativa es del @vmganaderiapy, financiada por de la UE e implementada por la Cooperación Alemana https://t.co/o4DBtgY3gY

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Autoridades de #EEUU dicen que #China exige que algunos periodistas estadounidenses se retiren porque China teme lo que puedan escribir sobre la pandemia. Si es así, ¿a qué le temía Estados Unidos cuando le pidió a 60 periodistas chinos que se fueran antes del 13 de marzo? https://t.co/Birc8BQWnF

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: “Ante la contingencia internacional sanitaria, una situación humanitaria tremendamente difícil para el pueblo chino, al cual acompañamos seguros de su notable resiliencia frente a la adversidad. Somos optimistas sobre el futuro y el resultado de las enérgicas medidas adoptadas.”

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Cinismo sin límites el que tiene el imperio estadounidense, creando un guión hollywoodense para tratar de vincular a Venezuela con el negocio del narcotráfico que ellos monopolizan a través de la DEA, en perfecta coordinación con el mayor productor de drogas del mundo: Colombia. https://t.co/Dt0mbW1lXL

2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Celebrando el Día Internacional del Personal de Paz compartimos historias de las mujeres 🇷🇺 en las misiones de paz 🕊 de 🇺🇳. Oksana Turina ahora es observadora internacional de la Misión de la ONU en Colombia 🇨🇴. En 2017-18 participó en la 1ra misión en este país. https://t.co/STfR4fudyW

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Entendemos completamente la preocupación de los familiares y amigos por los estudiantes dominicanos. Quisiera agradecerles su apoyo y cooperación en las medidas preventivas tomadas por la parte china. Creo que la historia se acordará de su lucha junto a nosotros.

1 appeal to commonality

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 📢 RT: Cualquier persona imparcial puede ver claramente quién es el mayor difusor de desinformación.  El informe de la #UE ignora los hechos obvios al hacer acusaciones infundadas contra China.  Esto hace que el informe en sí mismo sea desinformación. https://t.co/eu3nHg0NtG

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 4⃣El Embajador aseguró que China respaldará firmemente a la OMS en su rol, calificó de "cuentos infundados" a la crítica por la supuesta manipulación del virus y dijo que “sólo la fuerza solidaria de la comunidad internacional podrá derrotar a este enemigo común”. #Unidos 🇨🇳🇦🇷

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: .@SecPompeo: China podría haber evitado la muerte de miles de personas y haber evitado el descenso a malestar económico mundial. Tenían una opción. China aún se niega a compartir información necesaria para mantener a personas seguras. No se trata de política, sino de salvar vidas https://t.co/V5T9aMgHsl

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Desde la #UE 🇪🇺 continuamos compromiso con 🇨🇴 en la construcción de la paz. Día de intercambios de @EamonGilmore ,Enviado Especial de la Unión Europea para la paz en Colombia con interlocutores del gobierno, congreso y justicia transicional. Algunas fotos 👇 Mañana más 👍 https://t.co/JR2877BEC6

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Donald Trump se basa en estadísticas engañosas para afirmar que Estados Unidos tiene menos casos de Covid-19 que el resto del mundo https://t.co/8LHWrQ1IAA

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: @xabatis China y EEUU tienen mil razones para mejorar sus relaciones, ninguna para deteriorarlas. —Presidente Xi Jinping.

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 🇻🇪🇨🇳 SOLIDARIDAD del Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela al Pueblo y al Partido Comunista de China en la batalla contra coronavirus https://t.co/q8dBXacFxI

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: El gobierno de Estados Unidos da prioridad a la seguridad en su nueva iniciativa de apoyo al desarrollo, fabricación y distribución de una vacuna contra el coronavirus https://t.co/KdeYq3UYnG https://t.co/LwQU1RNW2A

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Ante la escalada de tensión entre EEUU e Irán, el Portavoz del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Geng Shuang urge a todas las partes involucradas, especialmente EEUU, a ejercer moderación y volver a la vía del diálogo lo antes posible para lograr la distensión. https://t.co/VOQGhvuOdR

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: En este #IWD nos gustaría recordar que la #IgualdadDeGenero aún no es realidad.En Europa y más allá,las mujeres siguen siendo objeto de la violencia de género,los estereotipos y los discursos de odio.Unidas podemos cambiar eso,#UnidasSomosMasFuertes @UNHumanRights #IStandWithHer https://t.co/fNU7qM7RgL

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 💉️Lograr una vacuna efectiva contra el virus de la #COVID19 exige cumplir todos los protocolos acceptados por la comunidad científica. 📽Así es como se debe hacer para que en todo el mundo se pueda superar la pandemia. https://t.co/OJhTOK103A

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ¡Seguimos apoyando a Panamá! Hoy entregamos una donación de 50 ventiladores, 6,600 kits de pruebas para COVID-19 y equipo de protección personal facilitado por @USAID y @Southcom para hacer frente a la pandemia causada por el #Coronavirus en Panamá. #EstamosJuntosenEsto https://t.co/5Ylm7LIuNp

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #Nicaragua celebra hoy #DíaDeLaIndependencia 🇷🇺🤝🇳🇮Valoramos mucho la cooperación estratégica con Nicaragua: uno de los socios clave de Rusia en #AméricaLatina Deseamos sinceramente al pueblo nicaragüense vivir en el ambiente de unidad&concordia. 🔗https://t.co/UKd4aOKFSr https://t.co/ExTBzKXWs2

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #Zajárova: Partimos de que al diseñar las modalidades de una nueva operación militar para supervisar el embargo de armas impuesto por la @ONU_es a Libia, la Unión Europea las coordine necesariamente con el Consejo de Seguridad de la #ONU. https://t.co/OJbMB9U9Nj

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ⚡️Les invitamos a leer la rueda informativa ofrecida por la portavoz del @mae_rusia María #Zajárova, Moscú, 23/04/20 #COVID19 #Venezuela #OMS #Rusia #EEUU #Siria #MAE #Diplomacia #OTAN #Africa #UNESCO #Ucrania #ONU 🔗Respuestas a preguntas: https://t.co/JO20rpiW1I https://t.co/Z7bziSTFzJ

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Resumen oficial de la llamada entre el Presidente Trump y el Presidente López Obrador. Ambos líderes dialogaron sobre la pandemia de coronavirus y la estrecha cooperación entre Estados Unidos y México https://t.co/gxlI6zsUYr

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Me complace visitar Surinam, Guyana, Brasil, Colombia y Texas para celebrar y luchar por la democracia en el hemisferio occidental. Espero con interés fortalecer las alianzas regionales que beneficiarán al pueblo estadounidense. https://t.co/oV8Ffk3v0i

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La solidaridad no conoce de fronteras: los bomberos de países como Estados Unidos y España ofrecen ayuda para poder extinguir los incendios en #Australia. La imagen de satélite de #NASA es simplemente desoladora. https://t.co/DredLHagYd https://t.co/Q9oM3ZTeB7

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: .@SecPompeo: Estados Unidos condena enérgicamente sublevación del 18 de agosto en Malí. Nos unimos a nuestros socios internacionales, incluida la Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Occidental y @_AfricanUnion, para denunciar estas acciones.

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 📢 RT: 🇨🇳🇭🇰Sr. Grenville Cross, Exfiscal Jefe de HongKong: legitimidad de la Asamblea Popular Nacional de China para promulgar la legislación #SeguridadNacional para Hong Kong 🇨🇳🇭🇰 https://t.co/pNEdxeOSVf

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ¡A Venezuela Nada La Detiene! El desarrollo productivo avanza, gracias a que el Comandante Chávez tuvo la visión de preparar al país con una gran capacidad agrícola e industrial que hoy seguimos desarrollando. Poco a poco construimos la Patria del futuro. https://t.co/5IxrD6fpMK

1 appeal to commonality

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: (1/2)✅Las acciones antiepidémicas de China, con una clara cronología, están explícitamente expuestas ante el mundo, y los datos y cifras reportados por China son tan veraces para pasar por toda prueba de la historia y del tiempo👇

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: (1/1)#DosSesiones | El Canciller de China Wang Yi en la investigación del origen del virus indicó: ✅La historia debe escribirse con la verdad y los hechos, y no debe ser deformada ni contaminada por la mentira👇

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #TestimiosUEChile Canciller ⁦@TeodoroRiberaN⁩ saluda a UE: “Chile y UE tienen una larga historia de cooperación. Compartimos valores y miradas. Enfrentamos unidos el Covid-19, respetando los Derechos Humanos”. Feliz #DiadeEuropa #AlianzaUEChile ⁦@Minrel_Chile⁩ https://t.co/dAUhp24dLE

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: En respuesta global a la pandemia, la Unión Europea junto a los Estados miembros, lanzaron #TeamEuropa, campaña para cooperar con los países aliados en el combate contra el Covid-19. La UE y Chile enfrentan juntos el Coronavirus.🇪🇺🤝 🇨🇱 https://t.co/SIaRrxKOPY

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #Zajárova:La postura🇷🇺en relación con #Kosovo se mantiene invariable.Nos pronunciamos por una solución viable y mutuamente aceptable entre Belgrado y Pristina, a tenor de la resolución 1244 del CS #ONU.Tiene que corresponder al Derecho Internacional y ser aprobada por el CS #ONU https://t.co/34vuXmQQQp

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: @saholin2 Este año como medida pre cautiva y en solidaridad con la lucha sanitaria del pueblo chino, no se realiza actividades festejas...

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Después de las dos videoconferencias sobre COVID19 entre China y RD, acordamos establecer un mecanismo de comunicación permanente entre Provincia Hunan y RD a través de esta embajada y @MEPyDRD. Acabamos de trasladar 2 documentos, 2 contestatorios y 1 video a los expertos de RD. https://t.co/IsRDxwoLuj

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 2⃣#WangYi se refirió a las relaciones entre #China y #EEUU, lamentando que además del #Covid19 otro virus político se está expandiendo entre estadounidenses a través de una frenética campaña de ataques verbales y #difamaciones contra China. https://t.co/jIha2RYtjL

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Presidenta @vonderleyen lidera iniciativa de UE 🇪🇺 para aunar fuerzas con socios mundiales y reunir donaciones y fondos para acceso rápido y equitativo a diagnósticos, terapias y vacunas contra COVID-19 que sean seguros, de calidad, eficaces y asequibles - https://t.co/ELy7AhLebJ https://t.co/uC8I0tk35z

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 1/ EE.UU. se fundó basado en el respeto a la libertad religiosa. La constitución cubana promete que "el Estado reconoce, respeta y garantiza la libertad religiosa" pero el gobierno impide sistemáticamente el libre ejercicio de la religión. 👇 https://t.co/Pr4djsX5M2

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ¿Cuenta cuántos artesanos se necesitan para producir una pieza de Papel Xuan de 11x3,3 metros? Fabricado originalmente en la antigua #China y utilizado para la caligrafía y las pinturas chinas, el Papel Xuan ha sido patrimonio cultural inmaterial mundial de la #UNESCO desde 2009. https://t.co/D3kfCM9dCu

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: portavoz de la Cancilleria China：China se opone a que Estados Unidos use el antiterrorismo como pretexto para imponer la opresión política y las sanciones económicas a Cuba.@cmphcuba @EmbacubaChina @CubaMINREX https://t.co/BU3bU484cI

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #DíaDeLaAmistad | Ahora más que nunca, Europa y el mundo han de tender la mano a vecinos y amigos, para ayudar a los más necesitados durante la crisis del #coronavirus. Aquí algunos ejemplos e historias recientes de solidaridad europea. #EUSolidarity https://t.co/rtsyRRqleG

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: En @ComisionEuropea nos sumamos con nuestro @Dir_CEenEspana al reto #EchaUnCable 🔌 de @MAECgob con motivo del #DíaDelCooperante. En tiempos de #coronavirus la cooperación es más necesaria que nunca, en especial para las poblaciones más vulnerables. Y tú, ¿cómo echas un cable? https://t.co/AU29grtUUp

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Los primeros 250 ventiladores que entregamos a #ElSalvador ha estado funcionando como herramienta primordial para tratar a pacientes de #COVID19 en estado crítico que son atendidos por héroes como el Dr. Manuel Bello, del @HospitalSV. Cada vida es invaluable. #SocioConfiable https://t.co/i8jDCnHmRE

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Dos guerras mundiales y siglos de conflicto devastaron Europa que dejaron un continente destruido y hambriento. De los escombros, nació la UE. Hemos basado nuestro futuro en los beneficios de paz y cooperación. Hoy, más que nunca, ese es el centro de nuestro trabajo. #VEDay75 https://t.co/TfH3befq8N

1 appeal to commonality 3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ¡Realizamos el lanzamiento de la competencia del año! #SpellingBeeUruguay2020. Tuvo lugar en el pabellón de los Estados Unidos en la #ExpoPrado y contó con la presencia del Embajador Kenneth S. George y Heather Murphy, Agregado Adjunto de Prensa y Cultura en la @usembassyMVD. https://t.co/vd9NtUJoQF

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: @weiasecas ¡Qué belleza, Embajador! Joya exquisita e invaluable de la cultura universal. Orgullo chino.

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Durante el minuto que @secpompeo no está “robando, engañando o mintiendo” según sus propias palabras, declara y confiesa q las sanciones ilícitas son para impedir la llegada de alimentos a Venezuela. Gracias. Una prueba más del crimen de exterminio de EEUU contra nuestro pueblo https://t.co/Tl4jNZlI0P

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Los piratas informáticos y ladrones de propiedad intelectual de la República Popular China (RPC) están atacando a países de todo el mundo para hacer avanzar objetivos de desarrollo militar y económico de la RPC. https://t.co/5mXZeZaJLF

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Este #5Jul se cumplen 209 años de la declaración de la Independencia de #Venezuela 🇻🇪, una de las fechas más importantes del país, como símbolo de la conquista de la libertad. Nos unimos a la conmemoración y felicitamos al pueblo venezolano en este día. https://t.co/Mmh6AHxzIg

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Consejeros Comerciales de los Estados Miembros de la #UniónEuropea 🇪🇺 coordinan la política comercial en tiempos de #coronavirus tomando precauciones necesarias. https://t.co/PYCnVaTNkN

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: "El Reino Unido no rompe Tratados. Sería malo para nosotros, malo para las relaciones con el resto del mundo y malo para cualquier futuro tratado comercial" dijo un día Margaret Thatcher. Tan cierto era entonces como lo es ahora. #SOTEU

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Hoy es #Juneteenth; celebramos la libertdad de los esclavos en #EEUU bajo la Proclamacion de Emancipación. En el contexto de protestas recientes aprovechamos esta fecha p/ aprender más de la historia y reflexionar sobre nuestros valores democráticos, justicia, igualdad y #DDHH https://t.co/RgBOP5PnuO

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: "Los virus no tienen nacionalidad y no les importa las fronteras. El #COVID19 no es un virus chino, así como la gripe española no era española. Todos enfrentamos una amenaza que requiere cooperación global y a todos nosotros trabajando de la mano" - @JosepBorrellF 🇪🇺 🤝🌎🙌🌍 https://t.co/EBCB4U6E4v

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Cuando en la Unión Europea pensamos en la democracia y los derechos humanos, pensamos en acompañar a Colombia a avanzar la paz entre antiguos enemigos. Sin democracia, paz y estabilidad, no hay desarrollo ni prosperidad #InternationalDayofDemocracy 👇 https://t.co/FJNIq65PVj

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Estamos trabajando junto a #ElSalvador para enfrentar esta pandemia. Nos enorgullece que estas donaciones de 🇺🇸 a través de @stateINL, gracias al ingenio, eficiencia y colaboración insterinstitucional, ya estén adaptadas para atender a pacientes. #COVID19 https://t.co/x8BcugQtUD

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: .@SecPompeo sobre #Venezuela: ✅Conexión de régimen de Maduro con #Iran; incluyendo vuelos recientes de Irán para brindar apoyo a régimen corrupto ✅Progreso en esfuerzo multilateral para restaurar la democracia ✅Actualización de planes para reabrir la Emb. de EE.UU. en Caracas https://t.co/4dQ0HRMe9F

2 discrediting the opponent

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: ¿Qué significa la Unión Europea para dos ciudadanas belgas que residen en México? 🇧🇪 La periodista @ManuSteels y la estudiante @LoraHasenbroekx contestan esta pregunta y nos comparten su visión sobre el futuro de la UE. #MesDeEuropa 🇪🇺 https://t.co/mnwMnomXBB

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Shyamala Gopalan y Donald Harris, llegados a EEUU desde India y Jamaica, no tenían en sus planes que su niña acabara de [candidata a] Vicepresidente [y probable futura Presidenta] de los EEUU Via @RussContreras https://t.co/GnCSpAPu8N

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: Conoce las noticias y declaraciones de los EE.UU. más importantes de esta semana. Seguimos apoyando a los venezolanos para restablecer la democracia en Venezuela #EstamosUnidosVE #14Feb https://t.co/2fI1soo1oi

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La #UE 🇪🇺 aprueba un nuevo paquete de casi 240 millones de euros para reforzar la resiliencia en los países vecinos de #Siria 🇸🇾 (Irak 🇮🇶, Jordania 🇯🇴 y Líbano 🇱🇧) que acogen a refugiados sirios en vista de la pandemia de #coronavirus. Más información: https://t.co/dxWW2PVWaM https://t.co/ZyO0F877Az

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: El 19 de junio de 1865 Estados Unidos hizo efectiva la abolición de la esclavitud. Hoy, 155 años después, mi país sigue luchando contra el racismo y la discriminación, una lucha que debemos dar unidos, todos los días, hasta que logremos ganar. #JuneteenthDay https://t.co/mZfUlmsNx4

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 🗯️Ministro de Defensa 🇷🇺 Serguéi #Shoigú durante la reunión de trabajo con el Representante Especial de la ONU para Siria @GeirOPedersen: ☝️Las sanciones de los países occidentales afectan la solución política y la lucha contra el terrorismo en #Siria 🇸🇾 https://t.co/dAT3C7OZbl

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La Unión Europea ha reasignado 918 millones de Euros para América Latina con el objetivo de atender la #COVID19. Es momento de tender una mano amiga y promover la solidaridad en el mundo 🌎. Solamente #JuntosSaldremosAdelante #MesDeEuropa #UEenCentroamérica https://t.co/QzGrFdbO85

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: El Foro de São Paulo está más vivo que nunca, en la rebeldía, el coraje y la dignidad de los pueblos de Latinoamérica, el Caribe y más allá. Nuestro objetivo es construir un mundo más justo, con igualdad de oportunidades para todos. Desde Venezuela ratificamos: ¡Sí Se Puede! https://t.co/Kx3tXdogvY

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: #Chinayuda | Embajador Zou Xiaoli anunció que #China entregará a #Argentina el segundo envío de insumos sanitarios que incluye 100 mil barbijos médicos, 50 mil kits de reactivos y 10 respiradores, para frenar #COVID19 Muchas gracias a @foundation_ma y a la Fundación Alibaba!

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La desinformación sobre #coronavirus se está esparciendo rápidamente en internet, pues explota los miedos de la gente. La #UE está decidida a combatir la desinformación. Tú también puedes ayudar no compartiendo información no verificada de fuentes dudosas. https://t.co/8PJ0L8cZvW

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: 🇷🇺 La #vacuna rusa #SputnikV es segura y eficaz 🧑‍🔬 Tiene una tecnología única basada en el uso de dos vectores Aquí está la explicación científica 👇 https://t.co/dqLetecru1

5 not_propaganda

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: "Abrázame, por favor. SOY CHINO, NO UN VIRUS " Una niña china sostenía un letrero en la plaza central de Milán para protestar contra la discriminación hacia los ciudadanos chinos en Italia por temor al #coronavirus. Muchos transeúntes decidieron darle un fuerte abrazo ❤️" https://t.co/BqrtykatP8

3 loaded language

You are an excellent assistant at categorizing propaganda in tweets. Propaganda is defined as: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. You will need to decide which of the following applies to the tweet. It could be one or more of the following. 1. Appeal to commonality. This could be related to the following: - Ad populum: the tweet appeals to the will, the tradition or the history of a community to support an argument. e.g. "The leadership of the #CPC is the choice of history and of the Chinese people." - Flag Waving: the tweet includes hyperbolic praise of a nation, worships a patriotic symbol, exhibits self-praise, or portrays someone as a hero. e.g. "The European Union is the best example, in the history of the world, of conflict resolution." 2. Discrediting the opponent. This could be related to the following: - Name Calling/Labelling: the author refers to someone or something with pejorative labels. e.g. "The #US is the gravest threat to global strategic security and stability" - Undiplomatic Assertiveness/Whataboutism: the tweet vilifies an opponent, depicting their behavior as hostile, hypocritical or immoral, displaying undiplomatic contempt. This technique also includes counteraccusations to deviate the attention from sensitive issues. e.g. "Just another proof that the #MediaFreedom principle is only applied to western or western-paid media. When Euro-NATO governments crack down on #Russian or Russian-language media there's zero reaction from #HumanRights apologists. Bias and double standards" - Scapegoating: the tweet transfers the blame to one person, group or institution. e.g. "What has caused the current difficulties in China-UK relationship? My answer is loud and clear: China has not changed. It is the UK that has changed. The UK side should take full responsibility for the current difficulties." - Propaganda Slinging:the author accuse others of spreading propaganda, disinformation or lies. e.g. "Pompeo has been churning out lies wherever he goes, spreading political virus across the world." - Personal attacks: the author attacks the personal, private background of an opponent. e.g. "He tries to appeal to Christian voters, but his real life is anything but Christian. He is a heavy drinker and a compulsive womanizer." - Fear Appeal: the author either seeks to instill fear in the readers about hypothetical situations that an opponent may provoke or aims to intimidate an opponent by warning about the consequences of their actions. e.g. "We urge the US to stop using the Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 to harm China's interests. Otherwise, China will resolutely fight back, and the US will bear all the consequences." - Absurdity Appeal: the author characterizes the behavior of an opponent or their ideas as absurd, ridiculous or pathetic. e.g. "Joe Biden's response to the H1N1 Swine Flu was pathetic. Joe didnt have a clue!" - Demonization: the author invokes civic hatred towards an opponent, who is presented as an existential threat. e.g. "Concast (@NBCNews) and Fake News @CNN are Chinese puppets who want to do business there. They use USA airwaves to help China. The Enemy of the People!" - Doubt: The author casts doubt on the credibility or honesty of someone. e.g. "Growing doubts over the US government's handling of the #COVID19, e.g. When did the first infection occur in the US? Is the US government hiding something? Why they opt to blame others?" - Reductio ad Hitlerum: the tweets try to persuade an audience to disapprove an action or idea from an opponent by associating it with someone or something that is hated by the audience. e.g. "The CPC has 90 million members, plus their families, the data has at least 270 million. Infringing these elites is directly against the Chinese people. Don't forget Hitler's evil history of persecution and massacres of German Communists and Jews.Stop NEW horrible fascists!" 3. Loaded Language. This mainly concerns hyperbolic language, evocative metaphors and words with strong emotional connotations. For example: "this monumental achievement left a tremendous mark in history!" 4. Appeal to Authority. - Appeal to false authority: Tweet includes a third person or institution to support an idea, message, or behavior for which they should not be considered as a valid expert. e.g. "A voice of a Pakistani student's wife tells real situation about the coronavirus in China. Trust the Chinese Government. No panic!" - Bandwagoning: The author seeks to persuade someone to join a course of action because someone else is doing it. e.g. "Germany took strong action today against Hizballah. We call on #EU member states to follow suit in holding Hizballah accountable." If none of the four categories above apply, respond "false" to indicate it is not propaganda. After thoroughly reading and analyzing the tweet, choose one or more of the above categories, and if none of the four applies, choose option 5: 1 appeal to commonality 2 discrediting the opponent 3 loaded language 4 appeal to authority 5 not propaganda Tweet: La relación UE-Panamá va más allá de listas de transparencia, de lucha contra el blanqueo de dinero o de financiación del terrorismo. Somos su 2ndo mayor socio comercial y estamos dispuestos a ayudarles a sacar el máximo partido al mercado europeo. #EUbusinessnetworkingevent https://t.co/z1HZ1yh0EL

5 not_propaganda