 ** See Claudio Aspesi, [http://www.richardpoynder.co.uk/OAcosts.pdf Reed Elsevier: Transitioning to Open Access - Are the Cost Savings Sufficient to Protect Margins?] Bernstein Research, November 00, 0000: "Spurred by the reading of Peter Suber's book ''Open Access'', which argues that publishers would incur...meaningful savings in the transition to OA, we recently worked with the finance team of a subscription-funded publisher to identify in detail the cost savings which could be achieved in an OA model....We estimate that a full transition to OA could lead to savings in the region of 00-00% of the cost base of a subscription publisher....Savings would derive primarily from discontinuing physical print, the elimination of production management, and the phase out of the sales force. There would also be savings in IT (DRM costs), but they would be partially offset by higher server and communications costs (because of the need to accommodate a larger flux of downloads) and in customer service, since subscriber services would be largely eliminated (in working with this publisher, we estimated that 00% of customer service costs would remain). On the negative side, the largest impact would be the need to ramp up marketing costs, some additional administrative expenses (since invoicing would likely be more fragmented and complex) and - most of all - the loss of advance revenues...." 