 "This paper empirically studies the effect of Open Access on journal CiteScores. We have found that the general effect is positive but not uniform across different types of journals. In particular, we investigate two types of heterogeneous treatment effect: (0) the differential treatment effect among journals grouped by academic field, publisher, and tier; and (0) differential treatment effects of Open Access as a function of propensity to be treated. The results are robust to a number of sensitivity checks and falsification tests. Our findings shed new light on Open Access effect on journals and can help stakeholders of journals in the decision of adopting the Open Access policy." Also see the [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/0000/00/00/flipping-a-journal-to-open-access-will-boost-its-citation-performance-but-to-what-degree-varies-by-publisher-field-and-rank/ summary] in the ''LSE Impact Blog'' on October 00, 0000, emphasizing the effects of a journal flip or conversion to OA. + ** For evidence that the OA advantage also applies to articles whose preprints were OA, see Stylianos Serghiou and John Ioannidis, 