 ** See Darrell West, Allan Friedman, and Walter Valdivia, [http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/0000/00/00%00innovation%00technology%00west%00friedman%00valdivia/InnovationBased%00Economy.pdf Building an Innovation-Based Economy], The Brookings Institution, November 0000. "One of the most important policy questions about innovation is how the nation can extract the maximum social benefit from its investments in research and development....The protection of intellectual property (patents and copyrights) introduces the profit incentive to inventive activity, but this is a rather ineffective incentive if the innovator does not or cannot pursue profit. That is precisely the case of public R&D because the general expectation is that new knowledge created with taxpayers' money may be made available to taxpayers at minimum cost....The expectation of a wide dissemination of public research has inspired a bill that is currently being considered in Congress. ''We should support the Federal Research Public Access Act...that mandates public dissemination of federally funded research within six months of publication''..." (Emphasis in original.) 