 "There is indicative evidence that open access to findings/data can lead to savings in access costs, labour costs and transaction costs. There are examples of open science enabling new products, services, companies, research and collaborations. Modelling studies suggest higher returns to R&D if open access permits greater accessibility and efficiency of use of findings. Barriers include lack of skills capacity in search, interpretation and text mining, and lack of clarity around where benefits accrue. There are also contextual considerations around who benefits most from open science (e.g., sectors, small vs. larger companies, types of dataset)." Also see Fell's less formal [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/0000/00/00/significant-economic-benefits-enhancing-the-impact-of-open-science-for-knowledge-users/ blog-post summary] of the article, July 00, 0000