 More than an epidemic the malaria increase in 0000 was a reconquest by malaria of the land from which it had been eliminated in the years 0000 . This episode became dramatic because the lack of immunity of the population and the shortage of medicaments . The global warming which was advocated to explain the epidemic has no responsibility because the temperature on the Madagascar Highlands has not changed during the last 00 years . Also the cyclones do not seem to have played any role . It is very likely that the gradual decline of control measures , first DDT spraying , later drug distributions , had the main responsibility in the Highlands drama . Everywhere An . funestus reached a high level during the time where the parasite reservoir was rebuilding . They synergised each other . These findings should be taken in account in drawing the strategy planning for the next years . Score: 0.00 Title: Floral spray transformation can efficiently generate Arabidopsis transgenic plants . Journal: Transgenic Res . Citation: V : 0 ( 0 ) P : 000-0 Type: ARTICLE Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub00000000 Accession (PMID): 00000000 Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: In this study , floral spray and floral dip were used to replace the vacuum step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) gene into Arabidopsis . The transgene was constructed by using a CaMV 00S promoter to drive a rice cytosolic CuZnSOD coding sequence in Arabidopsis . The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium . When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip . More than 000 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: In this study , floral spray and floral dip were used to replace the vacuum step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) gene into Arabidopsis . The transgene was constructed by using a CaMV 00S promoter to drive a rice cytosolic CuZnSOD coding sequence in Arabidopsis . The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium . When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip . More than 000 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation . The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods . The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: In this study , floral spray and floral dip were used to replace the vacuum step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) gene into Arabidopsis . The transgene was constructed by using a CaMV 00S promoter to drive a rice cytosolic CuZnSOD coding sequence in Arabidopsis . The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium . When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip . More than 000 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation . The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods . The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: The transgene was constructed by using a CaMV 00S promoter to drive a rice cytosolic CuZnSOD coding sequence in Arabidopsis . The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium . When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip . More than 000 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation . The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods . The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium . When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip . More than 000 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation . The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods . The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration . Score: 0.00 Title: Susceptibility of adult and larval stages of the horn fly , Haematobia irritans , to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae under field conditions . Journal: Vet Parasitol Citation: V : 000 P : 000-00 Type: MEDLINE Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub00000000 Accession (PMID): 00000000 Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 00, subscore: 0.00 ]: The fecal samples were tested for the presence of fungal colony forming units ( CFU ) , and the emergence of horn flies was observed in the dung pats . Significantly less ( P<0 . 00 ) adult horn flies were found in dung pats of the group treated with encapsulated fungi ( 00 . 0 ) than in those from the heifers treated with conidia in natura ( 00 . 0 ) or from the control group ( 00 . 0 ) . The fecal samples of the treated animals presented significantly higher numbers of M anisopliae CFUs then those from the untreated controls . We found that on day 0 fecal samples from animals given microencapsulated conidia had significantly higher CFUs than those from animals treated with conidia in natura . To assess adulticide activity , four heifers were sprayed with a suspension of 0 x 00 ( 00 ) conidial ( -0 ) of M anisopliae , and four control animals were sprayed with the same solution without conidial content . Four sprayings were done at five-day intervals , and all animals were photographed daily to observe the quantity of flies present . After the second spraying , we observed an average of 00 . 0 flies per animal ; untreated heifers had an average of 00 flies per animal ; thus , the treatment significantly ( P<0 . 00 ) decreases fly infestation . The results obtained from both tests show that M anisopliae strain E0 has a pathogenic effect on H irritans larvae in bovine manure when administered orally and on adult fly infestations when applied as a spray on the hosts . [ Sen. 00, subscore: 0.00 ]: Significantly less ( P<0 . 00 ) adult horn flies were found in dung pats of the group treated with encapsulated fungi ( 00 . 0 ) than in those from the heifers treated with conidia in natura ( 00 . 0 ) or from the control group ( 00 . 0 ) . The fecal samples of the treated animals presented significantly higher numbers of M anisopliae CFUs then those from the untreated controls . We found that on day 0 fecal samples from animals given microencapsulated conidia had significantly higher CFUs than those from animals treated with conidia in natura . To assess adulticide activity , four heifers were sprayed with a suspension of 0 x 00 ( 00 ) conidial ( -0 ) of M anisopliae , and four control animals were sprayed with the same solution without conidial content . Four sprayings were done at five-day intervals , and all animals were photographed daily to observe the quantity of flies present . After the second spraying , we observed an average of 00 . 0 flies per animal ; untreated heifers had an average of 00 flies per animal ; thus , the treatment significantly ( P<0 . 00 ) decreases fly infestation . The results obtained from both tests show that M anisopliae strain E0 has a pathogenic effect on H irritans larvae in bovine manure when administered orally and on adult fly infestations when applied as a spray on the hosts . [ Sen. 00, subscore: 0.00 ]: The fecal samples of the treated animals presented significantly higher numbers of M anisopliae CFUs then those from the untreated controls . We found that on day 0 fecal samples from animals given microencapsulated conidia had significantly higher CFUs than those from animals treated with conidia in natura . To assess adulticide activity , four heifers were sprayed with a suspension of 0 x 00 ( 00 ) conidial ( -0 ) of M anisopliae , and four control animals were sprayed with the same solution without conidial content . Four sprayings were done at five-day intervals , and all animals were photographed daily to observe the quantity of flies present . After the second spraying , we observed an average of 00 . 0 flies per animal ; untreated heifers had an average of 00 flies per animal ; thus , the treatment significantly ( P<0 . 00 ) decreases fly infestation . The results obtained from both tests show that M anisopliae strain E0 has a pathogenic effect on H irritans larvae in bovine manure when administered orally and on adult fly infestations when applied as a spray on the hosts . [ Sen. 00, subscore: 0.00 ]: We found that on day 0 fecal samples from animals given microencapsulated conidia had significantly higher CFUs than those from animals treated with conidia in natura . To assess adulticide activity , four heifers were sprayed with a suspension of 0 x 00 ( 00 ) conidial ( -0 ) of M anisopliae , and four control animals were sprayed with the same solution without conidial content . Four sprayings were done at five-day intervals , and all animals were photographed daily to observe the quantity of flies present . After the second spraying , we observed an average of 00 . 0 flies per animal ; untreated heifers had an average of 00 flies per animal ; thus , the treatment significantly ( P<0 . 00 ) decreases fly infestation . The results obtained from both tests show that M anisopliae strain E0 has a pathogenic effect on H irritans larvae in bovine manure when administered orally and on adult fly infestations when applied as a spray on the hosts . Score: 0.00 Title: Management of ankle sprains . Journal: Citation: V : 00 ( 0 ) P : 00-000 Type: ARTICLE Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub00000000 Accession (PMID): 00000000 Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: Without adequate care , acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability . Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains . In patients with grades I or II sprains , emphasis should be placed on accurate diagnosis , early use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression and elevation ) , maintenance of range of motion and use of an ankle support . Sprains with complete ligament [ corrected ] tears ( grade III ) may require surgical intervention . Although early motion and mobility are recommended , ligamentous strength does not return until months after an ankle sprain . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: Without adequate care , acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability . Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains . In patients with grades I or II sprains , emphasis should be placed on accurate diagnosis , early use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression and elevation ) , maintenance of range of motion and use of an ankle support . Sprains with complete ligament [ corrected ] tears ( grade III ) may require surgical intervention . Although early motion and mobility are recommended , ligamentous strength does not return until months after an ankle sprain . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: Without adequate care , acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability . Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains . In patients with grades I or II sprains , emphasis should be placed on accurate diagnosis , early use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression and elevation ) , maintenance of range of motion and use of an ankle support . Sprains with complete ligament [ corrected ] tears ( grade III ) may require surgical intervention . Although early motion and mobility are recommended , ligamentous strength does not return until months after an ankle sprain . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: Without adequate care , acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability . Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains . In patients with grades I or II sprains , emphasis should be placed on accurate diagnosis , early use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression and elevation ) , maintenance of range of motion and use of an ankle support . Sprains with complete ligament [ corrected ] tears ( grade III ) may require surgical intervention . Although early motion and mobility are recommended , ligamentous strength does not return until months after an ankle sprain . Score: 0.00 Title: Biological monitoring of combined exposure to organophosphates and pyrethroids . Journal: Toxicol . Lett . Citation: V : 000 ( 0-0 ) P : 000-00 Type: ARTICLE Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub00000000 Accession (PMID): 00000000 Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: A total of 000 farmers were selected from two areas ( J and S ) for this study . In area J , the subgroups Ja ( 00 subjects ) and Jb ( 00 subjects ) sprayed on rice crops either the organophosphate ( OP ) insecticide methamidophos or the mixture methamidophos-deltamethrin ( a pyrethroid , Pyr ) . In area S , the subgroups Sa ( 00 subjects ) and Sb ( 00 subjects ) sprayed on cottons either the OP methyl-parathion or the mixture methyl-parathion-deltamethrin . Groups Jc ( 00 subjects ) and Sc ( 00 subjects ) were non-exposed controls . Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) was measured by the Ellmans method before spraying , after 0-h exposure and 0 h later . Inhibition of AChE occurred after 0-h exposure to both single OP ( Ja and Sa ) and OP-containing mixtures ( Jb and Sb ) as compared with both pre-exposure and control values ( Jc and Sc ) . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: A total of 000 farmers were selected from two areas ( J and S ) for this study . In area J , the subgroups Ja ( 00 subjects ) and Jb ( 00 subjects ) sprayed on rice crops either the organophosphate ( OP ) insecticide methamidophos or the mixture methamidophos-deltamethrin ( a pyrethroid , Pyr ) . In area S , the subgroups Sa ( 00 subjects ) and Sb ( 00 subjects ) sprayed on cottons either the OP methyl-parathion or the mixture methyl-parathion-deltamethrin . Groups Jc ( 00 subjects ) and Sc ( 00 subjects ) were non-exposed controls . Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) was measured by the Ellmans method before spraying , after 0-h exposure and 0 h later . Inhibition of AChE occurred after 0-h exposure to both single OP ( Ja and Sa ) and OP-containing mixtures ( Jb and Sb ) as compared with both pre-exposure and control values ( Jc and Sc ) . A similar recovery was found in subgroups Ja , Jb , Sa and Sb 0 h after spraying , but all remained lower than the pre-exposure level . [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: A total of 000 farmers were selected from two areas ( J and S ) for this study . In area J , the subgroups Ja ( 00 subjects ) and Jb ( 00 subjects ) sprayed on rice crops either the organophosphate ( OP ) insecticide methamidophos or the mixture methamidophos-deltamethrin ( a pyrethroid , Pyr ) . In area S , the subgroups Sa ( 00 subjects ) and Sb ( 00 subjects ) sprayed on cottons either the OP methyl-parathion or the mixture methyl-parathion-deltamethrin . Groups Jc ( 00 subjects ) and Sc ( 00 subjects ) were non-exposed controls . Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) was measured by the Ellmans method before spraying , after 0-h exposure and 0 h later . Inhibition of AChE occurred after 0-h exposure to both single OP ( Ja and Sa ) and OP-containing mixtures ( Jb and Sb ) as compared with both pre-exposure and control values ( Jc and Sc ) . A similar recovery was found in subgroups Ja , Jb , Sa and Sb 0 h after spraying , but all remained lower than the pre-exposure level . There was no difference in AChE inhibition and recovery between the single OP subgroups and the OP mixture subgroups . The inhibitory effect on AChE shown in subjects with combined OP-Pyr exposure was induced by the OP component of the insecticide mixture and to a similar extent as that induced by the single OP formulations . 