 Whereas diseases become epidemics and pandemics through purely biostatistical means - a matter of how many people are infected and where those people are - they end once the biomedical harms they cause are sufficiently reduced. In other words, when relatively few people are getting seriously ill. There are currently multiple vaccines that are extremely effective in reducing the effects of the virus from a life-threatening disease, to (for the vast majority of people) nothing more than a mild cold. Even in the face of further waves of infection, were the entire population fully vaccinated, the biomedical harm the disease would cause would be (relative to many diseases we are already dealing with) sufficiently low to call an end to the epidemic. This would mark the point at which governments could stop implementing many of the economically and socially devastating non-pharmaceutical interventions. Source: https://theconversation.com/amp/we-cant-banish-covid-00-but-we-can-end-the-pandemic-with-vaccinations-000000 