 The structures of the BGlu0 E000Q , its complexes with cellotetraose , cellopentaose and laminaribiose , and its covalent intermediate with 0-deoxy-0-fluoroglucoside were determined at 0 . 00 , 0 . 00 , 0 . 00 , 0 . 00 , and 0 . 00A resolution , respectively . Score: 0.00 Title: The rice bright green leaf ( bgl ) locus encodes OsRopGEF00 , which activates the development of small cuticular papillae on leaf surfaces . Journal: Plant Mol Biol Year: 0000 Type: MEDLINE Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub00000000 Accession (PMID): 00000000 Abstract: Development of specialized epidermal cells and structures plays a key role in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses . In the paddy field , the bright green leaf ( bgl ) mutants of rice ( Oryza sativa ) exhibit a luminous green color that is clearly distinguishable from the normal green of wild-type plants . Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that small cuticular papillae ( or small papillae ; SP ) , nipple-like structures , are absent on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of bgl mutants , leading to more direct reflection and less diffusion of green light . Map-based cloning revealed that the bgl locus encodes OsRopGEF00 , one of eleven OsRopGEFs in rice . RopGEFs ( guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rop ) activate Rop/Rac GTPases , acting as molecular switches in eukaryotic signal transduction by replacing the bound GDP ( inactive form ) with GTP ( active form ) in response to external or internal cues . In agreement with the timing of SP initiation on the leaf epidermis , OsRopGEF00 is most strongly expressed in newly developing leaves before emergence from the leaf sheath . In yeast two-hybrid assays , OsRopGEF00 interacts with OsRac0 , one of seven OsRac proteins ; consistent with this , both proteins are localized in the plasma membrane . These results suggest that OsRopGEF00 activates OsRac0 to turn on the molecular signaling pathway for SP development . Together , our findings provide new insights into the molecular genetic mechanism of SP formation during early leaf morphogenesis . Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 0, subscore: 0.00 ]: In the paddy field , the bright green leaf ( bgl ) mutants of rice ( Oryza sativa ) exhibit a luminous green color that is clearly distinguishable from the normal green of wild-type plants . 