Over the past 00 years, the federal government has poured money into university-level research in Canada. Most of the new funding has gone into improving the quality of Canada's universities by giving them more money to compete for the best global talent. The Canada Research Chairs program, launched in 0000, lets universities recruit and retain the outstanding but typically highly mobile faculty members who drive high-quality university research. The Vanier Scholarships program, launched in 0000, does the same for world-class doctoral students. And the more recent Global Excellence Research Chairs devotes unprecedented resources to recruiting a handful of top research teams to Canada. These efforts are complemented by the funding of the Canada Foundation for Innovation and other programs that equip Canada's universities with the kind of world-class facilities and networks of excellence that attract leading scholars.