A normal-anion-gap metabolic acidosis occurs in patients with-
Diarrhoea
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Methyl alcohol poisoning
Acute renal failure
Alkali can be lost from the gastrointestinal tract from diarrhea or from the kidneys (renal tubular acidosis, A). In these disorders, reciprocal changes in and result in a normal anion gap (AG). * In pure non-AG acidosis, therefore, the increase in above the normal value approximates the decrease in . 
Fluid and electrolytes