Which or face presentation?
Anencephaly
Contracted pelvis
Placenta prae
Thyroid swelling
Fetal factors anencephaly and iniencephaly Cord around the neck Tumours of neck like congenital goitre Spasm of sternocleidomastoid muscle Dolicocephalic head (refer pgno:370 Sheila textbook of obstetrics 2 nd edition)
Abnormal labor