What is irregular astigmatism -
Perpendicular principal meridians
Non perpendicular principal meridians
Any of the above
None of the above
It is characterized by an irregular change of refractive power in different meridia. There are multiple meridia which admit no geometrical analysis.the principal meridians are not perpendicular to each other Image : Corneal topographies in regular and irregular astigmatisms. A: Regular astigmatism of 4.0 diopters with two perpendicular main meridians. B: Irregular astigmatism of 6.5 diopters with non-perpendicular main meridians. Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,Edition 4,Page-38
Optics and refraction