During your preoperative assessment, a 28-year-old woman complains of dyspnea on exeion. Upon auscultation of her hea, you notice a mid-diastolic rumbling murmur. This murmur is most characteristic of which valvular lesion
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aoic regurgitation
Aoic stenosis
The murmur described is characteristic of mitral stenosis. The murmur of mitral stenosis is a mid-diastolic rumbling murmur, best heard at the apex with the patient in the left lateral position. The murmur of mitral regurgitation is typically a holosystolic murmur that may radiate to the axilla. The murmur associated with aoic regurgitation is a midsystolic ejection murmur generally heard best at the base of the hea and is transmitted to the jugular notch. The murmur associated with aoic stenosis is a mid-systolic crescendo- decrescendo murmur that often radiates to the carotids.
Anaesthesia of special situations