Which of the following is the cause of nonshivering thermogenesis in adults?
Noradrenaline
Thyroid hormone
Muscle metabolism
Brown fat between the shoulders
Nonshivering thermogenesis refers to increase in metabolic rate that is not a result of muscle activity. It appears to be elicited through sympathetic stimulation and circulating catecholamines. Epinephrine and norepinephrine which are released increases metabolic activity and heat generation. Ref: Guyton and Hall - Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th Edition, Pages 821, 828-829; Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine By Rodney A. Rhoades, 4th Edition, Page 568; Fundamentals of Human Physiology By Lauralee Sherwood, Page 489