Battle's sign is presented in:
Anterior cranial fossa fracture
Middle cranial fossa fracture
Posterior cranial fossa fracture
Fracture lesser wing of sphenoid
Skull base is formed by Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa - Formed by frontal bone - Formed temporal & sphenoid bone - Formed by occipital bone Cribriform plate: Sieve like structure between anterior cranial fossa & nasal cavity Anterior cranial Fossa fracture Middle cranial fossa fracture Posterior cranial fossa fracture - MC type of skull base fracture - Caused by fracture of cribriform plate Clinical feature: - Subconjunctival hematoma - CSF rhinorrhea - Epistaxis - Peritoneal hematoma or "Raccoon eyes" - Carotico cavernous fistula - Frontal lobe contusion - Caused by fracture of petrous pa of temporal bone Clinical feature: - CSF otorrhea - Paradoxical rhinorrhea - Hemotympanum Battle sign: Bruising or ecchymosis behind ear - Ossicular disruption - VII & VIII cranial nerve palsies - Temporal lobe contusion - Caused by fracture of occipital bone Clinical features: - Visual disturbances - VI cranial nerve injury - Jugular foramen syndrome (Vernet syndrome): Paresis of IX, X, XI cranial nerves - Basilar aery injury - Occipital contusion
Trauma