Cholangiocarcinoma has been associated with infection by:
Paragonimus westermani
Clonorchis sinensis
Loa Loa
Schistosoma haematobium
Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma Choledocholithiasis Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini Cirrhosis Radon Asbestos, Nitrosamines, Dioxin (AND) Diabetes, Obesity, OCPs, Smoking, Thorotrast, Isoniazid (DOSTI) Most common symptom is jaundice IOC - MRI + MRCP Rx Hilar cholangiocarcinoma - CBD Resection + routine caudate lobectomy + Lymphadenectomy Distal cholangiocarcinoma - Pylorus preserving whipples procedure Gemcitabine + cisplatin is used for advanced cases.
Bile duct