Which of the billowing is associated with emotional valence and is most likely to be influenced bs motivation -
Attitude
Belief
Practice
Knowledge
Ans 'c' i.e.. Practice First see what is emotional valence Emotional valence Emotional valence means the intrinsic attractiveness (positive valence) or aversiveness (negative valence) of an event, object or situation. That means positive or negative emotional feeling of an event, object or situation. Amongst the given options two have emotional components: Attitude Effects of emotional components (affect) on attitude also show the impoance of affective content. In general, people with positive mood tend to like things more than people in a neutral or negative mood. Attitude is usually fixed and stable --> not influenced by motivation. Practive (Habit) Practice refers to an established way of doing things. It is the usual way of action and on accustomed act performed without thinking. While the term habit is used far individual actions, the term practice is generally used for a set of fixed hahits. Practices (Habits) are usually formed as a result of positive emotional valence (intrinsic attractiveness). Examples ofliabit/practice in the field of health include (few examples): i) Good habits: hand washing prior to eating, exercise etc ii) Bad habits: Smoking, drinking. By motivation, bad habits can be conveed into good ones --> Habits are influenced hr, motivation. So, Attitude has emotional component but attitude is not influenced by motivation (fixed and stable) Practice/habit has emotional component and Practice / habit can be influenced by motivation.