Which of the following signs of congestive cardiac failure constitute a major risk to the surgical patient undergoing anaesthesia ?
Jugular venous distention and third heart sound
Cardiomegaly
Pedal oedema
Basal crepitations on auscultation
Higher perioperative risk is seen with :- Systemic hypertension, elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary rales, the presence of third heart sound, murmurs suggestive of significant valvular disease, and vascular bruits.