Radiographic findings of cardiac achalasia include all except:
Oesophageal dilatation
Rat-tail appearance
Failure of lower oesophageal sphincter to relax
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
In cardiac achalasia, there is lack of lower oesophageal sphincter to relax with consequent dilatation of oesophagus. Radiologically dilated oesophagus and spasm of lower oesophageal sphincter gives a "rat-tail" or "bird-beak" appearance. Primary achalasia is associated with idiopathic degeneration of ganglion cells of the Auerbach's plexus.Secondary cardiac achalasia is caused by:(i) . Carcinoma of distal oesophagus(ii) . Chaga's disease(iii) . Post-vagotomy syndrome(iv) . Cerebrovascular accident(v) . Diabetes.
Oral Cavity