Ebstein anamoly is caused by usage of wof
Phenytoin
Lithium
Warfarin
Enalapril
Lithium In take by mother during pregnancy leads to Ebstein anomaly in fetus. Teratogenicity It refers to the capacity of a drug to cause foetal abnormalities when administered to the pregnant mother. The placenta does not constitute a strict barrier, and any drug can cross it to a greater or lesser extent. The embryo is one of the most dynamic biological systems and in contrast to adults, drug effects are often irreversible. The thalidomide disaster (1958-61) resulting in thousands of babies born with phocomelia (seal like limbs). Drugs can affect the foetus at 3 stages-- (i) Feilization and implantation-- conception to 17 days--failure of pregnancy which often goes unnoticed. (ii) Organogenesis-- 18 to 55 days of gestation--most vulnerable period, deformities are produced. (iii) Growth and development-- 56 days onwards-- developmental and functional abnormalities can occur, e.g. ACE inhibitors can cause hypoplasia of organs, especially of lungs and kidneys; NSAIDs may induce premature closure of ductus aeriosus; androgens and progestins cause masculanization of female foetus, antithyroid drugs and lithium cause foetal goiter. Ref:- kd tripathi; pg num:-89
General pharmacology