Factors which is associated both with exsposure and disease is called -
Confounding factor
Risk factor
Proximal risk factor
case
Confounding factor is defined as one which is associated both with exposure and disease and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. More specifically a confounding factor is one that although associated with exposure under investigation is itself independently of any such association, such as a risk factor for the disease. (refer pgno 72, park 23 rd edition)
Epidemiology