Which of the following is used to treat pain
Subcaudate tractotomy
Cingulotomy
Transcutaneous nerve stimulation
All of the above
There are various modalities of treatment which are tried for chronic pain:-
i) Pharmacotherapy:- The various drugs (mentioned above) are used for chronic pain syndrome. The various routes can be used:- oral, intravenous, epidural, or Transcutaneous.
ii) Neuro-surgical:- Anterolateral cordotomy, dorsal root entry zone lesion, selective rhizotomy, commissural myelotomy, sympathectoning mesencephalic tractomy, cordectomy
iii) Chemical neurolysis:- Glycerol, alcohol, phenol e.g. intrathecal hyperbaric phenol.
iv) Other:- Acupuncture, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, neuromodulation procedures (intracranial stimulation:- deep brain/subcortical and motor cortex stimulation), cryoablation.