All of the following forces are involved in Antigen antibody reaction except -
Vander Waal's forces
Electrostatic bond
Hydrogen bond
Covalent bond
Antigens are bound to antibodies through weak and noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:103
Immunology