Do I know right how internet works? What internet can know about me and how?
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I found that my internet provider have DNS, the list of IPs for Top-Level-Domains than TLD will return them IP SLD of server and it comunicates somehow to that server. How it comunicates to that server?

Normal addresses seems to be [protocol]://www.[subdomain don't have to be].[...any number of sub domains].[Secon-Level-Domain].[TLD]/[directory way]/[filenane].[extension]
The protocol is set of rules which have to be installed on both sides.
Does www have to be there if it is not subdomain and why is it sometimes there sometimes not?

Than it will return the response for the filename and extension will help to determine MIME type, if it's not send in header. Am I right?

And what can internet know about me? I know it could get IP and nation. How they could get nation or those they get it from DNS?

And for example could track other sites like google i think it could be done by navigator object. Am I right?